(共49张PPT)
语法互动11 非谓语动词
第一篇 语法突破篇
非谓语动词的考查内容主要有动词不定式和动词-ing形式及过去分词。对动词不定式的考查主要是其作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语及“疑问词+不定式”等用法;动词-ing形式虽是大纲未强调的一个语法项目,但在中考题中也常有考查,主要考查其作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等用法。
考点一 动词不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时习惯用it作形式主语,把真正的主语放在后面。常见的句型:
1.It+be+形容词+of/for sb. to do sth. 如:
It is very important for us to learn English well.
对我们来说,学好英语很重要。
It is careless of him to lose so many things.
他丢了这么多东西,真是太粗心了。
2.It+be+名词/形容词+to do sth.=To do sth.+be+名词/形容词 如:
It is necessary to ask the teacher for help.=To ask the teacher for help is necessary.
向老师求助是必要的。
3.It takes sb.… to do sth.如:
It takes us about two hours to go from Beijing to Tianjin by train.
乘火车从北京到天津花费我们大约两个小时。
【针对训练】
1.[2018·桂林] It often takes me two hours
my homework in the evening.?
A.do B.doing
C.to do
C
[解析]考查非谓语动词。It takes sb. some time to do sth.为固定结构,表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”,其中it为形式主语,动词不定式为真正的主语。故选C。
2.[2018·河池改编] —Could I go swimming with my friend, dad?
—No, it’s very dangerous for you kids
swimming without adults.?
A.go B.going
C.to go
[解析]考查非谓语动词的用法。固定用法:“It’s +形容词+ for sb. to do sth.”意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”,其中动词不定式to do sth.作句子真正的主语。故选C。
C
考点二 动词不定式作宾语
只能接动词不定式作宾语的动词有wish(希望), want(想要), would like(想要,愿意), learn(学习), agree(同意), hope(希望), ask(要求), decide(决定), fail(失败), refuse(拒绝), plan(打算)等。如:
She wants to go there with her parents.
她想和她父母一起去那里。
I hope to go to Beijing. 我希望去北京。
【巧学妙记】 后跟to do作宾语的动词词组:
(1)想要,拒绝,忘记 (want/would like, refuse, forget)
(2)需要,努力,学习 (need, try, learn)
(3)喜欢,同意,帮助 (like, agree, help)
(4)希望,决定,开始 (hope/wish, decide, begin/start)
[注意] (1)既能接动词不定式又能接动词-ing形式作宾语,且意义差别不大的动词有like, love, hate, begin, start等。如:
Do you like playing/to play football? 你喜欢踢足球吗?
(2)既能接动词不定式又能接动词-ing形式作宾语,但意义差别很大的动词(词组)有remember, forget, stop, go on, try, mean等。如:
He stopped watching TV and began to read English.
他停止看电视,开始读英语。
He watched TV for an hour; At 8:00 he stopped to do his homework.
他看了一个小时的电视,八点钟他停下来(看电视)去做作业。
(3)在think, find, make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语,而把不定式移至形容词 后,构成“主语+动词+it(形式宾语)+宾补(形容词/名词)+不定式(真正的宾语)” 结构。如:
I found it difficult to solve the problem.我发现解决这个问题很难。
【针对训练】
1.[2019·苏州改编] —Please stay with me this
weekend.
—I’m sorry, but my father and I planned
Beijing a long time ago.?
A.visit B.visiting
C.to visit
C
[解析]考查非谓语动词。动词plan后跟动词不定式, plan to do sth.意为“计划去做某事”。故选C。
2.[2018·百色改编] —Tom, why have you decided
Chinese folk music as a course??
—Because I like Chinese culture very much.
A.take B.to take
C.taking
[解析]考查非谓语动词。根据固定搭配decide to do sth.(决定做某事)可知选B。
B
3.[2018·贵港改编] —Sam, don’t forget
the book to the library tomorrow.?
—OK, I won’t.
A.return B.returning
C.to return
[解析]考查非谓语动词辨析。由答语中“I won’t”可知书未还,所以用固定搭配forget to do sth.忘记去做某事。故选C。
C
4.[2019·贵港改编] I find it interesting
stamps.?
A.to collect B.collecting
C.collect
[解析]考查非谓语动词。在find动词后通常用it作形式宾语,构成“主语+动词+it+宾补+不定式”的结构。故选A。
A
考点三 动词不定式作宾语补足语
1.常接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词(词组)有ask, tell, want, teach, get, would like, wish等。如:
His parents tell him not to go to the net bars.
他父母告诉他不要去网吧。
The teacher asked me to go to his office after class.
老师要求我下课后去他的办公室。
2.常接省去to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词:使役动词(make, let, have); 感官动词(hear, see, watch, feel, notice等)。感官动词后的宾语接动词原形时,表示动作的全过程;接现在分词表示动作正在进行。如:
I often hear her sing English songs.
我经常听见她唱英文歌。
I like to watch them play football.
我喜欢看他们踢足球。
[注意] 在被动语态中,省去的to要还原。如:
They were made to work day and night.
他们被迫日夜工作。
She was heard to sing in the room.
人们听到她在房间里唱歌。
【针对训练】
1.[2019·百色改编] The teachers often tell us in the river. It’s dangerous.?
A.not swim B.don’t swim
C.not to swim
C
[解析]考查非谓语动词。由“It’s dangerous.”可知老师告诉我们不要去河里游泳,tell sb.(not) to do sth.告诉某人(不)做某事。故选C。
2.[2019·河池改编] My parents don’t allow me TV on school nights.?
A.to watch B.watch
C.watches
[解析]考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事。故选A。
A
考点四 动词不定式作状语、定语和表语
1.动词不定式作状语
(1)动词不定式作目的状语
They went to the hospital to see Miss Wang yesterday. 昨天他们去医院看望了王老师。
(2)动词不定式作原因状语
动词不定式常用于“主语+系动词+形容词+动词不定式”结构中作状语,说明产生这种情绪的原因或在哪方面存在谓语所表示的情况等。能用于这种结构的形容词有angry, clever, careful, bad, happy, lucky, nice, pleased, right, sorry, slow等。如:
I’m very glad to see you again. 我很高兴又见到你。
(3)动词不定式作结果状语。如:
The shoes are too small for me to wear.
这鞋对我来说太小了,穿不了。
2.动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语时,放在被修饰的名词后面,作后置定语。若不定式结构中的动词是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系,则不定式后面要加上适当的介词。
I had to find a place to live in.我不得不找一个住的地方。
3.动词不定式作表语
Their duty is to look after the animals.
他们的职责是照看动物。
【针对训练】
1.[2018·梧州改编] Jim went to the library
some science magazines yesterday.?
A.borrow B.borrows
C.to borrow
C
[解析]考查非谓语动词。横线上的词表示去图书馆的目的,所以用动词不定式作目的状语。故选C。
2.[2019·绥化] A friend in need is a friend indeed. All of us need a friend . ?
A.to talk with B.talking with
C.to talk
[解析]考查非谓语动词。本句中缺少动词不定式作后置定语;在动词不定式短语中介词不省略。故选A。
A
3.Whenever we kids come over, Auntie Susan just stands there and watches us sure we don’t break anything.?
A.make B.made
C.to make
4. We’ll do what we can the sick man.?
A.to help B.help
C.helps
C
A
考点五 动词不定式的省略
在“why (not)+动词原形”“you’d better(not)+动词原形” “Let’s +动词原形”这三个结构中,动词不定式符号to要省略。如:
Why not go out for a walk? 为什么不出去散步呢?
You’d better go on a bus. 你最好乘公共汽车去。
【针对训练】
1.—The weather report says it’s going to have a shower this afternoon.
—It does? We’d better now, just in case.?
A.to leave B.leaving
C.leave
C
[解析]考查非谓语动词。had better 后接动词原形。故选C。
2.—Let’s to the movies!?
—I’m sorry. I must my homework first.?
A.going; do B.go; doing
C.go; do
[解析]考查非谓语动词。let sb. do sth.让某人做某事,后跟不带to的动词不定式,即动词原形;情态动词must后跟动词原形。故选C。
C
考点六 “疑问词+不定式”结构
动词不定式可以和what, which, when, where, how等疑问词连用,构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。
【针对训练】
1.—Excuse me. Do you know ??
—Sorry, I don’t know, either.
A.how to check out a book
B.when will the concert begin
C.that there is a bank near here
A
2.—Mr Wu has recommended many books. Have you decided first??
—Yes.The Little Prince.
A.how to read
B.which to read
C.when to read
[解析]考查“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”的结构。此题考查“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”在句中作宾语,前文many books提示用which和动词不定式连用,表示“读哪一本”, which作动词read的宾语。故选B。
B
3.Students should learn how problems.?
A.solve B.solving
C.to solve
4.I don’t know next. Could you give me some advice??
A.what to do B.where to do
C.how to do
C
A
考点七 分词
1.基本形式
(1)现在分词:动词原形+-ing,表示动作正在发生,表主动意义。
(2)过去分词:动词原形+-ed,表示动作已经完成,含有被动意义。
2.基本用法
(1)用作定语:如果是短语,则为后置定语,其作用相当于定语从句。现在分词表示正在进行的主动行为,过去分词则表示被动的行为。如:
The room was full of people waiting for the headmaster.
房间里挤满了等候校长的人们。
We need more trained nurses. 我们需要更多受过培训的护士。
(2)用作表语:分词用作表语时,已经完全形容词化了,可以被very, rather等副词修饰,而且可以有比较等级。如:
This film is the most exciting of the year.
这部电影是本年度最激动人心的一部电影。
(3)用作宾语补足语:分词作宾语补足语时,常用于感官动词和使役动词后。如:
I saw him talking with the doctor. 我看见他正在和医生说话。
I want to have some photos taken.我想拍一些照片。
(4)用作状语:分词用作状语,其逻辑主语常为句子的主语。如:
When hearing a noise, they stopped talking.
当听到喧闹声时,他们便停止了谈话。
3.易混结构
使役动词(make, keep, let, have等)易混结构。如:
have sb. doing sth.与have sth. done的区别:
(1)have sb. doing sth.表示“让某人做某事”,doing 这个动作具有持续意义。如:
The teacher had the boys standing all day.老师让男生们站了一整天。
(2)have sth. done=ask sb. to do sth.表示“让某人做某事”。 done 有“让他人做”的意思,表被动。如:
Our labor union had our school freshened once a term. 我们工会每学期叫人把学校刷新一次。
【针对训练】
1.He explained again and again in order to make what he did . ?
A.understanding
B.understood
C.to understand
B
[解析]考查非谓语动词。动词make后跟过去分词作宾语补足语,意为“使……被……”,宾语部分what he did和过去分词存在被动关系。故选B。
2.[2019·内江] —Where is Mike?
—I saw him with Mr. Smith in the hallway just now.?
A.to talk B.talking
C.talked
[解析]考查非谓语动词。“看见某人正在作某事”的表达为see sb doing sth.。故选B。
B
3.—Tom, have you ever read the book A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens??
—Yes, I finished reading it last winter vacation.
A.wrote B.to write
C.written
C
考点八 动名词
1.基本形式:动词原形+-ing,与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质,也有名词的性质。
2.基本用法
(1)用作主语:动名词作主语时,既可以位于句首,也可以位于句末。位于句末时,在其原来的位置用it作形式主语。如:
Saying so much is useless.=It is useless saying so much. 多说无益。
(2)用作表语:动名词用作表语时,表示主语是什么,而不是主语的性质或特征。
如:
My greatest pleasure is travelling. 我最大的乐趣就是旅游。
(3)用作宾语:只能接动名词而不能接动词不定式作宾语的动词有enjoy, finish, keep, mind, miss, practise等。
【巧学妙记】 后接doing作宾语的动词(词组):
①完成实践值得忙(finish, practise, be worth, be busy)
②继续习惯别放弃(keep on, be used to, give up)
③考虑建议不禁想(consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like)
④喜欢思念要介意(enjoy, miss, mind)
She enjoys going to the cinema.她喜欢看电影。
Do you mind my opening the window? 你介意我打开窗户吗?
My grandparents are used to living in the countryside.
我的祖父母习惯于住在乡村。
常接doing作宾语的短语:
look forward to doing sth.
盼望做某事 I am looking forward to seeing you again. 我正盼望着再次见到你。
prefer doing sth. to doing sth.
宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 I prefer playing basketball to learning English on Saturday. 周六我宁愿打篮球,不愿学英语。
be worth doing sth.
值得做某事 That film is worth seeing.
那部电影值得一看。
(续表)
be used to doing sth.
习惯做某事 I am used to taking a walk after supper.我习惯于晚餐后散步。
have fun/difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有乐趣/困难 He has difficulty in learning English.
他学英语有一些困难。
need/require/want doing sth.
需要做某事,主动形式表被动意义 The classroom needs cleaning.
教室需要打扫。
(4)用作定语:动名词作定语,说明被修饰词的性质、特征或用途。
He may be in the reading room. 他可能在阅览室里。
They set up an operating table.
他们搭起一个手术台。
【针对训练】
1.—Can you come to my birthday party tonight?
—Yes, I’d love to. But I have to finish my English homework first.?
A.doing B.to do
C.does
A
[解析]考查非谓语动词用法。finish doing sth.完成某事, finish后跟动名词作宾语。故选A。
2.—You look worried. You’d better your problem with others.?
—Oh, yes. a problem is like cutting it in half.?
A.share; Sharing
B.sharing; To share
C.to share; To share
[解析]考查非谓语动词的用法。习惯用法:had better do sth.最好做某事,第二空是动名词作主语。故选A。
A
3.We all look forward to you again soon. ?
A.see B.seeing
C.seen
[解析]考查非谓语动词。look forward to 中的to是介词,后面用动名词作宾语。故选B。
B
4.Bob’s father can’t stand soap operas. He enjoys sports games on TV. ?
A.watch B.to watch
C.watching
C
|语法互动11 非谓语动词|
语法综合演练
一、单项选择
1.[2019·河南改编] —Do you always get up so early?
—Yes, the first bus. My home is far away from school.?
A.catch B.to catch C.catching
2.[2019·广元] My teacher doesn’t allow us in the classroom.?
A.eating B.to eat C.ate
3.[2019·天津改编] The government is setting up nature parks protect pandas. ?
A.to help B.help C.helps
4.[2019·贵港改编] —I have trouble the new word. Can you help me??
—Sure. You can look it up in the dictionary.
A.understanding
B.to understand
C.understand
5.[2019·广东改编] Young people are encouraged to work hard their own dreams.?
A.achieve B.achieves C.to achieve
6.[2019·南充改编] —I tried to make Alice her mind but I found it difficult. ?
—Well, I saw you that when I went past. ?
A.changed; do
B.changes; doing
C.change; doing
7.[2019·重庆A改编] He took off his expensive watch the fact that he was rich. ?
A.to hide B.hid C.hide
8.[2019·邵阳] —How do you improve your spoken English?
—By practicing to my teachers and classmates.?
A.talking B.to talk
C.talk
9.[2019·兰州改编] We are supposed some housework with our parents when we have free time.?
A.to share B.sharing C.shared
10.[2019·海南] Mrs. Green refuses sweet food. She doesn’t want to get fat.?
A.eat B.eating C.to eat
11.[2019·自贡] —My uncle is against wasting anything.
—No wonder he would rather the old bike than a new one. ?
A.repair; to buy B.to repair; buy C.repair; buy
12.[2019·龙东] —Betty, I am not good at English. Could you help me, please?
—Sure. I’ll do what I can you improve your English.?
A.help B.to help C.helping
13.[2019·孝感改编] —In my opinion, animals shouldn’t be kept for fun.
—I think so. Forests are the best places for animals .?
A.to live B.living C.to live in
14.[2019·铜仁改编] —Look! There is a man Taiji near the river. ?
—Wow! It’s my teacher, Mr.Wu.
A.performed B.performs C.performing
15.[2019·徐州改编] It’s important for us good manners.?
A.having B.have C.to have
16.[2019·安顺改编] —What time do you get up in the morning on school days?
—I get up at 7:00 every morning to avoid the early bus.?
A.miss B.missed C.missing
17.[2019·盘锦改编] —My best friend went abroad. I miss her and feel down today.
—Don’t be sad. Here is good news for you .?
A.cheer up B.to cheer up C.cheered up
18.[2019·安顺改编] —My father to his workplace by bus, but now he there by bike.?
—Really? You have an environmentally-friendly father.
A.used to go; is used to go
B.used to going; is used to go
C.used to go; is used to going
19.[2019·昆明改编] Yunnan Museum is such an interesting place that many kids have fun it. ?
A.visiting B.to visit C.reading
20.[2019·咸宁改编] —Come and see! The baby is crying.
—Please do something to make him .?
A.stop crying B.stop to cry C.crying
21.[2019·重庆B改编] Miss Chen, my dear English teacher, often encourages me the challenges in my study. ?
A.face B.to face C.facing
22.[2019·眉山改编] I like the TV program The Reader best. I think we should spend as much time as we can in our spare time.?
A.read B.to read C.reading
23.[2019·湘西] —How do you practice your spoken English, Andrew?
—By English with my classmates.?
A.to speak B.speaking C.speak
24.In order for the competition, my sister forced herself to get up early this morning.?
A.not to be late
B.not being late
C.to be late
25.Children should be made the importance of saving water.?
A.to understand B.understand
C.understood
26.Bad luck. The film star had her leg while playing a part in the film.?
A.to break B.breaking C.broken
27.Our teacher often advises us the habit of making notes while reading.?
A.to develop B.develop C.developing
28.Sarah, you’d better drink more water after for such a long time. ?
A.run B.runs C.running
29.—It’s too cold today. Would you mind the window??
—Certainly not. Go ahead.
A.to close B.closing C.close
30.—Listen! Who is singing in the next room?
—It must be Sally. I often hear her there.?
A.singing B.sings C.sing
31. This sign is used tourists to stay away from the lions in the zoo.?
A.to warn B.to warning C.to make
32.I would like to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.?
A.to go B.to have gone C.going
33.No matter how hard it is, we’ll keep until we make it.?
A.failed B.failing C.trying
34.When class begins, we stop to the teacher carefully.?
A.listening B.to listen C.listens
35.We couldn’t help when Uncle Wang told us the news.?
A.laugh B.laughed C.laughing
36.—What should I do, doctor?
— healthy, you should take more exercise.?
A.Keep B.Keeping C.To keep
37.—Will you please show me how to do the role-play exercise?
—Sure. Now let me tell you first.?
A.which to do B.how to do C.what to do
38.—Did you let anyone the flowers??
—Yes, I had the flowers .?
A.water; water
B.to water; watered
C.water; watered
39.John asked David how Christmas. ?
A.celebrating B.celebrate C.to celebrate
40.—Bob, I’m not good at English. What should I do?
—Why not an English club to practise English??
A.to join; speaking B.join; to speak
C.join; speaking
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.The best way (learn) vocabulary is to try to remember eight or ten words a day.?
2.He practises (play) the erhu every Sunday. ?
3.Do you like to go (fish)??
4.My watch is broken. I want to know how to make it (work).?
5.I have nothing (say) at the meeting.?
6.Why not (write) down your mistakes in the notebook??
7.They asked the headmaster (speak) at the meeting.?
8. (smoke) too much is bad for your health.?
9.Jim went to the cinema instead of (fly) a kite.?
10.Thank you for (come) to see me.?
11.He left without (say) a word.?
12.It takes her mum half an hour (walk) to work every day.?
13.I am used to (drink) a glass of water after getting up every day.?
14.If you want to make yourself (understand), you’d better speak clearly and slowly.?
15.I’d like you (share) your ideas about pollution.?
【参考答案】
一、
1.B [解析]考查非谓语动词辨析。根据答语“你总是起床这么早吗?”可知,答语回答起床早的目的,此处作目的状语,要用动词不定式。故选B。
2.B [解析]考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事。故选B。
3.A [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意:政府设立自然公园来帮助保护大熊猫。分析语境可知,空格处动词在句中用作目的状语,因此用动词不定式形式。故选A。
4.A [解析]考查非谓语动词的用法。固定用法:have trouble (in) doing sth.意为“在做某事方面有困难”。故选A。
5.C [解析]考查非谓语动词。此处用动词不定式表目的。故选C。
6.C
7.A [解析]考查非谓语动词。分析语境可知,空格处动词在句中用作目的状语,因此用动词不定式。故选A。
8.A
9.A [解析]考查非谓语动词。be supposed to do sth.应该做某事,为固定搭配。故选A。
10.C [解析]考查非谓语动词。refuse to do sth.意为“拒绝做某事”。故选C。
11.C [解析]考查非谓语动词的用法。would rather do…than do sth. 是固定句型,意为“宁愿……也不……”。故选C。
12.B [解析]考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,这里用动词不定式短语作目的状语。故选B。
13.C [解析]考查非谓语动词。这里是动词不定式作后置定语,修饰名词places;两者之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,即live in the places。故选C。
14.C [解析]考查非谓语动词。本题考查句型There be +名词+v-ing+介词短语,表示某地有某人正在做某事。故选C。
15.C [解析]考查非谓语动词。句中it是形式主语,真正的主语要用动词不定式。故选C。
16.C [解析]考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth.意为“避免做某事”。故选C。
17.B [解析]考查非谓语动词。由句意可知,告知的消息是为了让说话人振作,即表达的是目的,英语中常用不定式结构作目的状语。故选B。
18.C [解析]考查非谓语动词。分析句意可推知:我爸爸过去常常乘公交车上班,用used to do表示;根据后半句句意:现在他习惯于骑自行车去那儿了,用is used to doing表示。故选C。
19.A [解析]考查非谓语动词。have fun doing sth. 表示“做某事很开心”,故排除选项B;根据主语Yunnan Museum可知,要和动词visit搭配构成动宾关系,可排除选项C。故选A。
20.A [解析]考查非谓语动词。make sb. do sth.意思是“使某人做某事”,排除C项;stop doing sth. 意思是“停止做某事”,指停止正在进行的事情;stop to do sth.停下来去做某事。前句提到了“这个孩子在哭”可推知后句应表示“想办法让他不要哭了”。故选A。
21.B [解析]考查非谓语动词。encourage sb. to do sth. 为固定搭配,意为“鼓励某人做某事”。故选B。
22.C [解析]考查固定短语。spend…(in)doing sth.…花费……做某事。故选C。
23.B [解析]考查动名词用法。空前by是介词,介词后应接动名词作宾语。故选B。
24.A [解析]考查非谓语动词的用法。in order to 意为“为了”,其后跟动词原形表示目的,其否定形式为:in order not to do sth.意为“为了不做某事”。故选A。
25.A [解析]make sb. do sth.意为“使某人做某事”, 该结构变被动语态时,需加动词不定式的标志to,即sb. be made to do sth.。故选A。
26.C [解析]have sth. done意为“使某物被……”,表示被动关系。故选C。
27.A [解析]advise sb. to do sth. 意为“建议某人做某事”,是固定结构。故选A。
28.C [解析]这里after是介词,后接动名词形式作宾语。故选C。
29.B [解析]mind doing sth.意为“介意做某事”,是固定搭配。故选B。
30.C [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意:“听,谁正在隔壁唱歌?”“一定是萨利。我经常听见她在那里唱歌。”hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事,强调动作正在发生;hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事,强调经常做或是做某事的过程。故选C。
31.A [解析]be used to do sth.为被动结构,意为“被用于做某事”;be used to doing sth.意为“习惯于做某事”,to是介词,后跟动名词作宾语。根据句意可知这是一块被用来警示危险的标志,是被动语态。故选A。
32.B [解析]would like/love to have done sth.表示“本想做某事却未做”,含后悔之意。故选B。
33.C [解析]keep doing sth. 意为“坚持做某事”。故选trying。
34.B [解析]stop to do sth.意为“停下来去做另一件事情”。故选B。
35.C [解析]can’t help doing sth.意为“禁不住做某事”。故选C。
36.C 37.C
38.C [解析]let sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”;have sth. done 意为“使某事被做”。故选C。
39.C 40.C
二、1.to learn 2.playing 3.fishing 4.work
5.to say 6.write 7.to speak 8.Smoking
9.flying 10.coming 11.saying 12.to walk
13.drinking 14.understood 15.to share
(共28张PPT)
语法互动12 主谓一致
第一篇 语法突破篇
主谓一致大致可归纳为三个原则:1.语法一致原则,即谓语动词的单复数形式与主语要保持一致。2.意义一致原则,即谓语动词的单复数形式要与主语意义上的单复数保持一致。3.就近一致原则,即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语的单复数。
考点一 语法一致原则
用法 例句
不可数名词、单数名词/代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式 Running every morning is good for us. 每天早晨跑步对我们有益。
What he said is not true.
他说的不是真的。
(续表)
用法 例句
(1)用and连接两个或两个以上表示不同的人、不同的事物或概念的名词作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式;若两个名词指同一个人、同一事物或概念时,谓语动词则用单数形式
(2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every, more than a(n), many a(n)修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式 Joan and Mary are Canadians.
琼和玛丽是加拿大人。
The doctor and writer is very famous. 这位医生兼作家非常有名。
Every student and every teacher was in the room.
所有学生和老师都在房间里。
No boy and no girl likes it.
男生和女生都不喜欢它。
(续表)
用法 例句
主语为each, every, any, no等构成的复合代词时,谓语动词一般用单数形式 Each of us has an English dictionary.
我们人手一本英语词典。
Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.世上无难事,只怕有心人。
“the+姓氏名词的复数形式” (“某某夫妇”或“某某一家人”)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 The Browns are playing basketball.
布朗一家正在打篮球。
(续表)
用法 例句
主语前若有all, some, half, enough等形容词或three fourths(3/4)等分数修饰时,谓语动词的数视名词类别而定。若为可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数形式,若为可数名词单数或不可数名词,谓语动词则用单数形式 All the meat smells terrible.
所有的肉闻起来都坏了。
Three fifths of the workers in the factory are men.
工厂五分之三的工人是男性。
(续表)
用法 例句
一些表示成双成对的衣物或工具名词,如glasses, trousers, gloves,scissors等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。若用pair等词修饰,谓语动词的单复数则由pair等词的单复数形式决定 My glasses are old. I want to buy a new pair.
我的眼镜旧了。我想买副新的。
A pair of new shoes is given to him as a present by his grandma.他奶奶送给他一双新鞋作为礼物。
(续表)
用法 例句
主语后有with, together with, but, except, as well as等引导的短语作插入语时,谓语动词的数与它前面的主语保持一致,即“就远原则” The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.
那个老师和他的学生将去参观博物馆。
【针对训练】
1.[2019·铜仁改编] Mr. Wang together with his wife and children in the countryside.?
A.enjoys living B.enjoy living
C.enjoys to live
A
[解析]考查主谓一致。主语后有together with,谓语动词的数遵循“就远原则”。故选A。
2.Everyone in my class except Tom and Mary to Beijing.?
A.have been B.have gone
C.has been
[解析]考查主谓一致的用法。该句主语为不定代词everyone, 不定代词作主语,看作单数。故选C。
C
3.My sister with my parents dumplings when I got home yesterday evening. ?
A.are making
B.is making
C.was making
[解析]由时间状语“yesterday evening”可知用过去时态。主语后有with引导的短语作插入语时,谓语动词的数遵循“就远原则”。故选C。
C
4. Everybody except Mike and Linda
there when the meeting began.?
A.are B.was
C.were
[解析]本句的主语是everybody, except Mike and Linda是插入语,并非句子的主语,因而不能决定谓语动词的数,谓语动词的数与everybody保持一致。故选B。
B
考点二 意义一致原则
意义一致原则是指从意义上着眼处理主谓一致关系,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于主语所表达的概念。
用法 例句
有些词如maths, news, physics虽以s结尾,但表示单数意义。其作主语时,谓语动词用单数 Maths is one of the most important subjects.
数学是最重要的学科之一。
(续表)
用法 例句
一些集合名词,如family, class, group, team等作主语,强调整体时,谓语动词用单数;强调个体时,谓语动词用复数 My family are having supper now.
我们一家人在吃晚饭。
My family is a happy one.
我家是一个幸福的家庭。
由all, either, neither, most, some作主语时,若代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数形式;若代表单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式 Now all is going well.
目前一切进展顺利。
All are here, and nobody is absent.所有人都在这,没人缺席。
(续表)
用法 例句
“分数或百分数+of+名词”以及“a lot of/lots of/half of/the rest of/ (a) part of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由of后面的名词决定 Lots of damage was caused by fires.
很多损失是火灾造成的。
表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等名词的复数形式作主语时常看成一个整体,其谓语动词用单数形式 Five pounds is enough.
五英镑就足够了。
(续表)
用法 例句
“the+形容词”表示“具有某种特征的一类人”,其作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 The rich have a lot of friends.
富人们有许多朋友。
名词所有格之后的名词被省略,表示“商店、工厂、住宅”等意义,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式 The doctor’s is across from the street.
诊所在街道的对面。
(续表)
用法 例句
a number of+名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;the number of+名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式 The number of the students in our class is 50.
我们班学生的数量是50。
【针对训练】
1.[2019·绥化] Eighty percent of the students in this school three to five times a week.?
A.exercises B.exercise
C.exercising
B
[解析]考查主谓一致和动词时态。根据句中表频率的短语three to five times a week可知句子为一般现在时;句子主语为“百分数+复数名词”,所以谓语动词应用原形。故选B。
2.—The number of tourists over 33 million this year.?
—Yes. A large number of tourists so far because of the new look of our city.?
A.is; have come
B.is; has come
C.are; has come
[解析]考查主谓一致。固定用法: the number of意为“……的数量”,作主语时,其后的谓语动词用单数形式;a large number of 意为“许多的;大量的”,后跟可数名词复数,其后的谓语动词也用复数形式。故选A。
A
3.Fifty yuan enough.?
A.is B.am
C.are
4. There a number of books in the library and the number of them increasing.?
A.has; is B.have; are
C.are; is
A
C
5.—Maths my favourite subject. What about you? ?
—I like English best.
A.is B.are
C.was
A
6. One fifth of the oranges gone bad.?
A.have B.has
C.is
[解析]“分数+of+名词”作主语,谓语动词的单复数由of后面的名词决定,oranges为可数名词复数,因此谓语动词也用复数形式。故选A。
A
考点三 就近一致原则
就近一致原则是指谓语动词的数要与和它紧邻的名词或代词的数保持一致。
用法 例句
由or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…,not…but…等连接并列主语时,谓语动词的形式要由离谓语最近的主语来确定。 Not only I but also Tom and Mary are fond of watching television.
不仅我,而且汤姆和玛丽都喜欢看电视。
Either I or he is right.
要么我对了,要么他对了。
(续表)
用法 例句
在there be句型中,谓语动词与离其最近的主语在数上保持一致。 There are two trees and a horse behind the house.
房后有两棵树和一匹马。
在here引导的句子中,主语不止一个时,谓语动词通常与离其最近的主语在数上保持一致。 Here is an apple, two oranges and some peaches for you.
这是给你的一个苹果、两个橘子和一些桃。
【针对训练】
1.Let’s save pandas!There only about 2,000 pandas living in the forests now.?
A.am B.is
C.are
C
[解析]考查there be句型用法。对于there be结构中,be动词与后面相邻的主语保持数的一致,本句中后面的中心词是pandas。故选C。
2.Neither you nor he good at drawing.?
A.are B.is
C.be
[解析]考查主谓一致。句意:你和他都不擅长画画。neither…nor…连接并列主语时,谓语动词的数遵循“就近一致”原则,即与最近的主语保持一致,根据he可知用单数is与其保持一致。故选B。
B
3.[2019·新疆改编] Not only Jack but also I crazy about the football match.?
A.am B.is
C.are
[解析]考查主谓一致。not only…but also连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”,此句靠近谓语的主语是I,所以动词选用am。故选A。
A
4.[2019·百色改编] Neither my sister nor I been to Xi’an before.?
A.have never B.have ever
C.has never
B
|语法互动12 主谓一致|
语法综合演练
一、单项选择
1.[2019·天水改编] Either the students or the teacher him very well.?
A.knows B.knew C.know
2.[2019·郴州] —Lucy, there too many things on the desk. What a mess!?
—Sorry, Mum. I’ll put them away.
A.have B.is C.are
3.[2019·盐城改编] Each of us a life goal, which will guide us to a bright future.?
A.has B.have C.will have
4.[2019·南通改编] —What do you think of yesterday’s activity in your community?
—Wonderful. A lot of useful advice on self protection .?
A.is offered B.were offered C.was offered
5.[2019·兰州改编] Peter with his classmates for the bus when the earthquake happened.?
A.is waiting B.was waiting C.are waiting
6.[2019·凉山] —What’s in the picture on the wall?
—There a teacher and some students playing soccer on the playground.?
A.has B.are C.is
7.Neither you nor Li Hua to the Great Wall before.?
A.have been B.has gone C.has been
8.The writer and teacher coming.?
A.is B.are C.has
9.Something gone wrong with my TV set.?
A.has B.have C.is
10.Physics more interesting than maths, I think.?
A.are B.is C.was
11.There a pair of shoes on the floor.The shoes mine.?
A.are; is B.is; is C.is; are
12.None of that money on the table mine.?
A.is B.are C.be
13.Our team the World Cup!?
A.has won B.have won C.are won
14.The police having a meeting in their office at ten yesterday.?
A.is B.are C.were
15.Here some flowers and some money for you.?
A.is B.are C.has
16.Look! some sheep on the hill.?
A.There are
B.There has
C.There is
17.This kind of apple good.?
A.taste B.will taste C.tastes
18.Nobody to smoke in the cinema.?
A.allows B.allow C.is allowed
19.Half of the apples good.?
A.look B.looks C.is looked
20.John has two brothers, but either out of work now.?
A.are B.is C.has
21.Playing computer games too often bad for us.?
A.am B.is C.are
22.The Blacks going to have a long journey.?
A.is B.are C.has
23.He is the only one of the students that elected.?
A.are B.have C.is
24.Someone knocking at the door now.?
A.is B.are C.was
25.Both my sister and I this song very much.?
A.likes B.liking
C.like
26.Your trousers dirty. You must have washed.?
A.is; it B.are; it C.are; them
27.The Olympic Games held every years.?
A.is; four B.are; four C.is; five
28.Three fourths of the homework today.?
A.has finished
B.has been finished
C.have finished
29.The whole class the teacher attentively.?
A.are listening to
B.is listening to
C.are listening
30.The United States of America one of the most developed countries in the world.?
A.is B.are C.was
31.More than one person given the same suggestion.?
A.have B.has C.were
32.Lucy, together with her two brothers, often to the park on Sundays.?
A.go B.goes C.are going
33.Each student and each teacher to see the film.?
A.wants B.wish C.go
34.One of my teachers an Englishman.?
A.is B.are C.were
35.Andy, you’d better not eat meat only. You should know milk and fruit good for you. ?
A.is B.are C.was
36.Half of the class done most of the work. The left rather difficult.?
A.has; is B.have; is C.have; are
37.The family I am staying with very friendly.?
A.is B.are C.was
38.The number of people invited 50, but a number of them absent for different reasons.?
A.were; was B.was; was
C.was; were
39.A library with 5,000 books to the school as a gift.?
A.is offered B.has offered
C.are offered
40.I told him what I was surprised his attitude towards his study.?
A.is B.at was C.at is
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. (be) everything OK??
2.Both Lily and Lucy (invite) to the party yesterday.?
3.Our family (be) spending the weekend together.?
4.Everyone except Tom and John (be) there when the meeting began.?
5.Not only she but also I (do) morning exercises every day.?
6.The rich (be) not always happy.?
7.We as well as Tony (be) going to the seaside.?
8.The population of the world (grow) now.?
9.The news (be) very interesting.?
10.The number of the teachers in our school (be) increasing. A number of them (be) from the countryside.?
【参考答案】
一、
1.A [解析]考查主谓一致及一般现在时。分析句子结构可知此句缺少谓语动词,讲述客观情况用一般现在时,either…or…连接两主语时遵循“就近原则”,the teacher是单数,谓语用三单。故选A。
2.C [解析]考查there be句型及主谓一致辨析。由空格后的things可知用are。故选C。
3.A 4.C 5.B
6.C [解析]考查主谓一致。there be句型中be动词的数遵循“就近原则”。故选C。
7.C [解析]neither…nor…连接主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则,离谓语近的主语是Li Hua,为第三人称单数形式;另外由before可知要用has been to,表示“去过”。故选C。
8.A
9.A [解析]something作主语,谓语动词用单数,且由gone可知句子为现在完成时。故选A。
10.B
11.C [解析]第一句的主语是pair,为单数;第二句的主语是shoes,为复数形式。故选C。
12.A
13.A [解析]our team是集合名词,看作一个整体时,为单数,谓语动词要用单数形式。故选A。
14.C [解析]the police为集合名词,看作复数;由“at ten yesterday”可知用过去进行时。故选C。
15.B [解析]here引导倒装句,谓语动词的数遵循“就近一致”原则,离谓语近的主语为some flowers。故选B。
16.A [解析]sheep为可数名词,单复数同形,some sheep为复数形式。故选A。
17.C [解析]句子的主语为kind,故谓语动词用单数形式。故选C。
18.C [解析]句意:没有人被允许在电影院吸烟。nobody作主语时,看作第三人称单数。故选C。
19.A [解析]half of修饰名词时,谓语动词的单复数应与of后的名词保持一致。apples为复数形式。故选A。
20.B
21.B [解析]考查主谓一致。句意:玩电脑游戏对我们有害。动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。故选B。
22.B 23.C 24.A 25.C
26.C [解析]trousers为复数,故第一空用are,第二空用them。故选C。
27.B 28.B
29.A [解析]class强调个体时,是指班上的学生,作复数用;listen to the teacher意为“听老师讲课”。故选A。
30.A [解析]The United States of America是美国的全称,是一个国家,作单数用。故选A。
31.B
32.B [解析]together with连接主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于前面的名词,Lucy为第三人称单数,又由Sundays可知,句子为一般现在时,谓语动词用goes。故选B。
33.A [解析]each…and each…作主语的句子中谓语动词应用单数形式。故选A。
34.A [解析]句意:我的一位老师是个英国人。“One of+名词的复数”作主语时,看作第三人称单数。故选A。
35.B
36.B [解析]“half of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数与of后的名词保持一致,题中的class是集合名词,表示全班学生,为复数概念,所以谓语动词要用复数形式。第二空the left表示the left of the work,work意为“工作”,是不可数名词,因此谓语动词用单数形式。故选B。
37.B 38.C 39.A
40.B [解析]本句为一个复合句,what引导的主语从句在整个句子中充当宾语从句,主句谓语动词told为过去时,因此宾语从句的谓语动词也用过去时态。句意:我告诉他,让我感到惊奇的是他对待学习的态度。be surprised at 意为“对……感到惊奇”。故选B。
二、1.Is 2.were invited 3.are 4.was 5.do
6.are 7.are 8.is growing 9.is 10.is; are
|语法互动15 状语从句|
语法综合演练
1.[2019·呼和浩特改编] —Did you call Michael back?
—I didn’t need to, I’ll see him tomorrow.?
A.unless B.because C.when
2.[2019·包头改编] It was the middle of the night the sound of the piano woke me up.?
A.because B.if C.when
3.[2019·盘锦改编] The old man leads a simple life, he has a lot of wealth.?
A.although B.so C.unless
4.[2019·凉山改编] — did the rainstorm come??
—While we a physics lesson yesterday. ?
A.When; have had
B.While; are having
C.When; were having
5.[2019·自贡] If the singer to Zigzag September 20th, please call me. ?
A.will get; on
B.gets; on
C.gets; in
6.[2019·天水改编] —I don’t know if Sam tomorrow.?
—Don’t worry.I will tell you as soon as he .?
A.will come; comes
B.comes; will come
C.will come; will come
7.[2019·大庆改编] —Jim, let’s go out to play basketball.
—Oh, I won’t do that I finish my homework.?
A.if B.until C.because
8.[2019·四川改编] I’ll send you a message I get to school. ?
A.since B.so that C.as soon as
9. I felt very tired, I tried to finish the work.?
A.Although B.Because C.As
10. time went on, the weather got worse.?
A.With B.Since C.As
11.Write to me as soon as you to Beijing.?
A.will get B.get C.getting
12. I got home, my parents were watching TV.?
A.As soon as B.Before C.When
13.Mr Black walked around and offered help we were doing an experiment.?
A.while B.although C.until
14.I always get up early on weekdays, I’m afraid I will be late for school.?
A.because B.so C.though
15. His mother doesn’t like to throw away old things they are useless.?
A.but B.because C.even if
16.He liked collecting stamps he was a child.?
A.until B.when C.after
17.Helen listened carefully she might discover exactly what she needed.?
A.in that B.in order that C.in case
18.Don’t get off until the bus .?
A.will stop B.is stopping C.stops
19.We’ll go to visit the Great Wall it doesn’t rain tomorrow.?
A.since B.if C.when
20. it was night, they stopped working.?
A.As B.But C.Unless
21. David goes, he is welcome.?
A.Whichever B.However C.Wherever
22. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we swimming.?
A.go B.will go C.went
23.It was lovely weather we decided to spend the day on the beach.?
A.such a; that B.such; that
C.such; as
24.—The novel seems a little boring.
—You won’t enjoy it you put your heart into it.?
A.when B.if C.unless
25.I don’t know if it tomorrow. If it , I won’t go out.?
A.will rain; rains
B.will rain; will rain
C.rains; will rain
26.If you able to come, I will show you around my hometown.?
A.is B.are C.will be
27.—What if they to the meeting late??
—Sorry, I don’t know.
A.will happen; go
B.will happen; will go
C.happens; will go
28. Lily is only five years old, she can swim very well.?
A.Though; but B.Because; so C.Though; /
29.Bob, dinner is ready. Please wash your hands you eat.?
A.after B.while C.before
30.Jenny has gone to Shanghai on business, but she’ll be back in 3 days. I will call you . ?
A.as soon as she returns
B.when she will return
C.after she returned
【参考答案】
1.B
2.C [解析]考查连词辨析。由句子结构入手分析,空格处之后的句子在句中作状语,由此推知句意为:钢琴声把我吵醒时是午夜。故选C。
3.A 4.C
5.B [解析]考查条件状语从句和表示时间的介词的用法。if引导条件状语从句用一般现在时,主句用将来时或祈使句。主句please call me是祈使句,从句谓语用一般现在时,排除选项A;表示在具体的某一天用介词on。故选B。
6.A [解析]考查宾语从句的时态及状语从句的时态。第一空是if引导的宾语从句,主语是一般现在时,由tomorrow可知,从句要用一般将来时;第二空是as soon as引导的时间状语从句,遵循“主将从现”,要用一般现在时。故选A。
7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.C 13.A
14.A 15.C 16.B 17.B 18.C 19.B 20.A 21.C 22.B 23.B 24.C 25.A 26.B 27.A 28.C 29.C 30.A
(共57张PPT)
语法互动13 简单句
第一篇 语法突破篇
简单句共有五种基本句型:陈述句(肯定句和否定句)、疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句)、祈使句和感叹句。这些句型在中考中都有所涉及。
考点一 陈述句的五种基本句型
结 构 例 句
主语+系动词+表语 My name is Tom. 我叫汤姆。
He looks good.他看上去气色不错。
主语+不及物动词 It is raining. 正在下雨。
主语+及物动词+宾语 He watched TV yesterday. 他昨天看电视了。
主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 He gave her a lovely doll.
他送给她一个可爱的洋娃娃。
主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 He made the computer work again.
他让计算机重新运行起来了。
【针对训练】
连词成句
根据括号内的中文提示,将所给的英文意群连接成正确的句子。
1.a writer, she, is, (她是一个作家。)
?
2.the children, are, running (孩子们在跑步。)
?
3.we, the piano, play (我们弹钢琴。)
?
She is a writer.
The children are running.
We play the piano.
4.red, passed, to, me, some, pencils , she
(她递给我一些红色的铅笔。)
?
5.reading the book, find, written, it, by Lu Xun, difficult, to finish, you, may
(你可能觉得读完鲁迅写的这本书是困难的。)
?
?
She passed some red pencils to me.
You may find it difficult to finish reading the book written by Lu
Xun.
考点二 there be句型
there be结构常用来表示“某地存在着某物/某人”,其基本句型结构为“There be+某物/某人+地点状语+时间状语”。现将这一句型的几个考点归纳如下:
1.there be结构的主语
(1)在there be结构中,be动词后面的名词是主语,这些名词通常要用表示泛指的限定词(如a, an, some, any, all, 基数词等)来修饰,不能用表示特指的限定词(如the, this等)修饰。如:
There is a/one bike under the tree.
树下有一辆自行车。
(2)there be结构中的主语不能是人称代词、专有名词以及被物主代词或名词所有格修饰的名词。如果要说明专有名词、物主代词以及被限定的名词在某处,要用“某人/某物+be+地点”这一结构。如:
Shanghai is in the east of China.
上海在中国东部。
2.there be结构的谓语
(1)there be结构中的be是谓语动词,它在人称和数上应与其后的主语(名词)保持一致,即主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时用is,主语是可数名词复数时用are。其句型结构的变化通过be动词的变化来体现。如:
There is some water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些水。
There isn’t an apple in the bag. 包里没有苹果。
Are there any differences between Japanese and Chinese?
日语和汉语之间有区别吗?
How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少名学生?
(2)there be结构常见的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时等,时态的变化都是通过be动词来完成和体现的。
3.there be和have/has的区别
(1)there be和have/has都可作“有”讲,但have/has表示所属关系,而there be则表示客观上的存在,不说明所属关系。如:
There is a pen on the desk. 桌上有一支钢笔。(强调笔的位置)
I have a pen. 我有一支钢笔。(强调钢笔属于我)
(2)当主语是物或时间,且表示整体与局部的关系时,there be可与have互换使用。如:
There are 20 classes in our school.=Our school has 20 classes.
我们学校有20个班。
【针对训练】
1.[2019·福建] There a large bowl of jiaozi on the table.?
A.is B.are
C.be
A
[解析]考查主谓一致。在there be句型中,be动词的变化与其后的主语保持一致,本句中主语为a large bowl,故be动词应该用is。故选A。
2.—Excuse me. Is there a bank near here?
— . It’s just between my house and a post office.?
A.Yes, it is
B.No, there isn’t
C.Yes, there is
[解析]考查there be句型用法。由答语可推知:用there be句型的肯定回答形式。Is there…?的肯定回答是:Yes, there is。故 选C。
C
考点三 陈述句
陈述句用来说明事实、看法,描述动作、状态,阐明道理、原因等。它有两种形式,即肯定句形式和否定句形式。
[注意] 1. no, little, few, never等词,本身表示否定意义。如:
I will never forget it. 我将永远铭记在心。
2.如果陈述句中含有be动词、助动词或情态动词,在它们后面加not便可构成否定句;如果陈述句中的谓语是行为动词,在谓语动词之前加do的适当形式再加not构成否定句。
考点四 疑问句
疑问句是用来提出问题的,按其所提出的不同问题,可分为以下4种:
1. 一般疑问句
句型 例句
Be+主语+其他? —Are you a student?你是一名学生吗?
—Yes, I am. 是的,我是。
助动词+主语+动词原形+其他? —Do you like dancing?你喜欢跳舞吗?
—No, I don’t. 不,我不喜欢。
情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他? —Can you play basketball? 你会打篮球吗?
—Yes, I can. 是的,我会。
答语:肯定回答用yes,否定回答用no。
【针对训练】
— you the Chinese Culture Festival in the Central Square??
—Yes. It was really a great success.
A.Are; attending B.Will; attend
C.Did; attend
C
[解析]考查一般疑问句结构。由答语可知,这是一般过去时的一般疑问句。故选C。
2. 特殊疑问句
结
构 疑问词+动词+其他? Who stole my car? 谁偷了我的车?
疑问词+be+主语+其他? What is your father?你爸爸是干什么的?
疑问词+助动词+主语+动词原形+其他? How do you go to school?你怎么去上学?
疑问词+情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他? What can I do for you?我能为你做什么?
疑
问
词 疑问代词 what, who, which, whose, whom
疑问副词 when, where, why, how
疑问词组 how long, how often, how soon, how far, how old…
【针对训练】
1.[2018·梧州] — students are there in your class??
—Fifty.
A.How many B.How much
C.How long
A
[解析]考查疑问词组辨析。how many 意为“多少”,修饰可数名词复数形式;how much意为“多少”,修饰不可数名词;how long意为“多长;多久”,用于询问物体或时间的长度。由答语“Fifty.”可知问句问的是数量。故选A。
2.— times have you visited Gansu Science Museum??
—Only once.
A.How often B.How many
C.How long
[解析]考查疑问词组辨析。根据答语“Only once. (只有一次。)”可推测出问句在询问“你参观过多少次甘肃自然博物馆”。故选B。
B
3.— have you talked with your friends on WeChat??
—Since I finished my homework.
A.How far B.How often
C.How long
[解析]考查疑问词组的用法辨析。答语是since引导的时间状语从句,表示一段时间,故用how long提问。故选C。
C
4.[2019·北京改编] —Excuse me, is this T-shirt??
—It’s 88 yuan.
A.how much B.how many
C.how long
[解析]考查疑问词组。根据答语“88 yuan”.推断上句是询问价格,应用how much。故选A。
A
5.— does Liu Chuanjian do??
—He’s a pilot of Sichuan Airlines. He’s a hero!
A.What B.Where
C.When
[解析]考查疑问词辨析。由答语可知问句问的是职业,询问职业的问句有: What be + sb.? What do/does sb. do? What is sb.’s job? 故选A。
A
3. 选择疑问句
提出两种或两种以上的情况, 要求对方选择其一的问句称为选择疑问句。选项之间用or连接,回答不用yes或者no, 而需要根据具体的选择来作答。选择疑问句可以分为以下两种:
种类 结 构 例 句
一般选择
疑问句 一般疑问句+or+另一选项? —Are you from Shanghai or Suzhou?
你来自上海还是苏州?
—I am from Suzhou. 我来自苏州。
(续表)
种类 结 构 例 句
特殊选择
疑问句 特殊疑问句, A or B? —Which colour do you like better, red or blue? 你更喜欢哪一种颜色?红色还是蓝色?
—Blue. 蓝色。/Neither, I like orange best.都不喜欢,我最喜欢橘色。
【针对训练】
1.—Do you prefer to hang out with friends or stay alone?
— . I’m an outgoing girl.?
A.Yes, I do
B.Neither
C.I like to go out with my friends
C
[解析]考查选择疑问句。问句是一个选择疑问句,故答语不能用yes或no来回答,故排除选项A;由答语中的“an outgoing girl”可知“愿意外出”。故选C。
2.—Lucy, do you want to join the art club or the chess club?
— . I like drawing pictures.?
A.Yes, I do B.The art club
C.No, I don’t
[解析]考查选择疑问句。该问句为选择疑问句,因此其答句选择其中的一个,而不是用yes或no来回答;又根据答语“我喜欢画画”可知选B。
B
4.反意疑问句
反意疑问句常常跟在陈述句之后,对陈述句的内容提出疑问。陈述部分为肯定句,反意疑问部分则用否定结构,反之亦然。其常用结构如下:
前肯后否 前否后肯
主语+be+其他,be的否定形式+主语?
She is lazy, isn’t she? 主语+be not+其他,be的肯定形式+主语?
He isn’t tall, is he?
(续表)
前肯后否 前否后肯
主语+动词+其他,助动词的否定形式+主语?
They like playing basket-ball, don’t they? 主语+助动词+not+动词原形+其他,助动词的肯定形式+主语?
He didn’t go to America, did he?
主语+情态动词+动词原形+其他,情态动词的否定形式+主语?
We should get up early, shouldn’t we? 主语+情态动词+not+其他,情态动词的肯定形式+主语?
You can’t play the piano, can you?
(续表)
前肯后否 前否后肯
注意以下几种特殊情况:
(1)陈述部分为I am, 反意疑问部分用aren’t I。如:
I am right, aren’t I?
(2)当陈述部分含no, never, hardly, few, little, nobody, nothing, none等否定词时,反意疑问部分用肯定形式。如:He is never late for school, is he?/They have nothing to do, do they?
(续表)
前肯后否 前否后肯
(3)there be句型的反意疑问句,反意疑问部分用be/be的否定形式+there。如:There is a book on the desk, isn’t there?
There aren’t any flowers in the garden, are there?
(4)Let’s开头的祈使句,表示建议,反意疑问部分用shall we。 如:
Let’s have a picnic this weekend, shall we? 这周末我们去野餐,好吗?
Let us开头的及其他的祈使句,反意疑问部分用will you。如:
Let us go now, will you? 让我们现在就走吧,可以吗?
Don’t open the door, will you? 别开门,好吗?
(续表)
前肯后否 前否后肯
(5)宾语从句的反意疑问句:
陈述句部分若为主从复合句,反意疑问部分的主语和动词通常与主句的主语和动词保持一致。如:
She said they would leave Beijing the next day, didn’t she?
若主句主语是I/We,谓语动词又是think, believe, expect, suppose等,则反意疑问部分的主语和动词一般应与从句的主语和动词保持一致,需注意否定前移。如: I think he is friendly to everyone, isn’t he?
We don’t think she can finish the work by herself, can she?
(否定前移)
(续表)
前肯后否 前否后肯
(6)当陈述句中含有否定前缀或后缀如un-, dis-, -less等时,疑问部分要用否定形式。如:
He looks unhappy, doesn’t he? 他看上去不高兴,不是吗?
(7)陈述部分是used to do sth.结构时,附加疑问句部分用“didn’t+主语”或“usedn’t+主语”。如:
He used to go to bed late, didn’t he/usedn’t he?
他过去常常晚睡,不是吗?
(续表)
前肯后否 前否后肯
(8)陈述部分的主语是this或that时,附加疑问句的主语应用it; 陈述部分的主语是these, those或不定代词somebody, anybody, everybody时,附加疑问句的主语应用they。如:
This is a fantastic film, isn’t it?
这是一部很棒的电影,不是吗?
反意疑问句的答语, 若与陈述部分表达意思一致, 用yes;若与陈述部分表达的意思相反,用no。如:
—Daming can run really fast, can’t he? 大明跑得非常快,是吗?
—Yes, he can.是的,他跑得很快。/—No, he can’t.不是的,他跑不快。
—She doesn’t like dancing, does she? 她不喜欢跳舞,是吗?
—Yes, she does.不,她喜欢跳舞。/—No, she doesn’t.
是的,她不喜欢跳舞。
【针对训练】
1.—Steven had nothing for breakfast this morning, ??
—No. Because he had a fever.
A.had he B.did he
C.didn’t he
B
[解析]考查反意疑问句。前肯定,后否定;前否定,后肯定。前句中nothing表示否定,所以后面简短的疑问用肯定形式,且根据had可知句子的时态为一般过去时,后面用助动词did。故选B。
2.He has few friends in his new school, ??
A.hasn’t he B.does he
C.is he
[解析]考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句的规则是:“前肯后否,前否后肯”,few本身表示否定意义,表示“几乎没有”,而陈述句的谓语动词用的是动词has,所以反意疑问句助动词用does,故选B。
B
3.—There is little money for Mr. Lee to buy a ticket for today’s show, ??
—Exactly!
A.are there B.isn’t there
C.is there
[解析]考查反意疑问句。在反意疑问句中,前面的陈述句中little表示否定意义,故后面的简略问句要用肯定形式,且前后的be动词要一致。故选C。
C
4. —There is little pollution in that village,
??
—No. The air there is quite fresh and clean.
A.is there B.isn’t there
C.is it
[解析]There be结构的反意部分应为“is there”或“isn’t there”,陈述部分含有否定副词little,符合“前否后肯”的原则。故选A。
A
5. Professor Tu Youyou never stops doing research on Chinese medicine,
??
A.is she B.does she
C.isn’t she
[解析]本句属于“前否后肯”型的反意疑问句,前面有否定词never,说明附加问句中应用肯定形式。前面的行为动词stops说明附加问句中应用助动词does。故选B。
B
6.He can hardly stay awake because he is so tired, ??
A.is he B.isn’t he
C.can he
[解析]句子中有情态动词can,且“hardly”是含有否定意义的副词,前否后肯。故选C。
C
考点五 祈使句
形式 结 构 例 句
肯定
形式 (please+)动词原形+其他 Stand up, please.=Please stand up.
请起立。
Be+adj.(形容词) Be careful!=Look out!=Take care!
小心/当心!
Let’s(Let sb.)+动词原形 Let me help you.让我帮你吧。
(续表)
形式 结 构 例 句
否定
形式 Don’t+动词原形 Don’t let them play with fire. 别让他们玩火。
Let’s (Let sb.)+not+动词原形 Let’s not waste time again.我们不要再浪费时间了。
No+名词/动词-ing (意为“禁止做某事”,常用于公共场合的提示语) No photos!禁止拍照!
No smoking!禁止吸烟!
No parking. 禁止停车。
【针对训练】
1.[2019·桂林] more books, and you will improve your reading skills.?
A.Reading B.Read
C.Reads
B
[解析]考查祈使句。祈使句的肯定句以动词原形开头。故选B。
2.[2019·青海] on the grass. It’s a rule of the park.?
A.Step B.Don’t step
C.To step
[解析]考查祈使句。祈使句的否定句结构是don’t+动词原形。故选B。
B
3. me a chance and I’ll bring you a surprise.?
A.Give B.Giving
C.To give
[解析]考查祈使句。祈使句的句首是动词的原形。故选A。
A
4.—Mom, can I play computer games this evening?
— your homework first, and then we’ll talk about it.?
A.Finishing B.Finish
C.To finish
[解析]考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知考查的是祈使句,祈使句中动词要用原形。故选B。
B
考点六 感叹句
引导词 结 构 例 句
what What+(a/an)+形容词+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)! What an interesting story it is!
它是一个多么有趣的故事!
What+形容词+复数可数名词(+主语+谓语)! What interesting books you bought us!
你给我们买的书真有趣!
What+形容词+不可数名词 (+主语+谓语)! What fine weather it is! 多么晴朗的天气呀!
(续表)
引导词 结 构 例 句
how How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语! How beautiful the flowers are!
这些花是多么美丽呀!
How fast he can run!他跑得真快!
How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)! How useful a subject they are learning!他们正在学的科目多么有用呀!
How+主语+谓语! How time flies!时光飞逝!
【针对训练】
1.[2018·百色] — beautiful shoes she is wearing!?
—I think so.
A.What B.What a
C.How
A
[解析]考查感叹句。感叹句用what还是how来感叹,取决于感叹部分。这句话中感叹部分是“形容词+可数名词复数”,故使用what来感叹。故选A。
2.—I watched the live(直播) NBA game last night. How about you?
—Of course I did. amazing game it was!
A.What an B.How an
C.What
[解析]考查感叹句。感叹句句式结构:What+a/an+adj.+名词单数+其他!amazing以元音音素开头,冠词用an。故选A。
A
3.[2019·桂林] nice weather it is! Let’s go out for a picnic.?
A.What B.How
C.What a
[解析]考查感叹句。感叹句用what还是用how来修饰,取决于感叹部分。这句话感叹部分是“形容词+不可数名词”,应用what来修饰。故选A。
A
4.—Have you seen the movie Amazing China?
—Yes. an exciting one!?
A.What B.How
C.When
[解析]考查感叹句的用法。感叹句结构: How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!和What+ a/an+adj.+n.+主语+谓语!/ What+adj.+不可数名词/名词复数+主语+谓语!该句为省略了主语和谓语的句子,被感叹的部分为“an exciting one”,不定冠词an前应用感叹词what。故选A。
A
5.[2019·北部湾] —Look at my new dress.
—Wow! beautiful it is!?
A.How B.How a
C.What
[解析]考查感叹句。感叹句结构“How+形容词+主语+谓语”,该句应用how修饰。故选A。
A
6.—A famous singer is going to hold a concert there in July.
—Really? exciting news!?
A.How B.What an
C.What
C
考点七 倒装句
用法 例句
“so+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语”依附于肯定句,表示前面的肯定情况也适合后面的人(物),意为“……也……” Tom watched TV last night; so did Ann.
汤姆昨晚看电视了,安也看了。
“neither+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语”依附于否定句,表示前面的否定情况也适合后面的人(物),意为“……也不……” Mary didn’t watch TV last night; neither did Jim.
玛丽昨晚没有看电视,吉姆也没看。
(续表)
用法 例句
“so+主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词”是对前面所说的事实加以肯定,意为“……的确如此”, 此时前后两个句子的主语为同一个人或物 —Li Lei is a brave boy.
李磊是个勇敢的孩子。
—So he is. 他的确如此。
Here/There +谓语动词+名词主语 There comes the bus.公交车来了。
Here/There+代词主语+谓语动词 Here you are.给你。
【针对训练】
1.—Sandy likes English best. She reads the texts every day.
— . ?
A.So does Jim B.So Jim does
C.So Jim is
A
2.—I’ve never been to Disneyland, Judy.
— ?
A.So have I.
B.Neither am I.
C.Neither have I.
[解析]上句是否定句,所以下句的倒装句应当用neither引导,可排除选项A; 上句中用了助动词have,所以倒装句中也应当用助动词have。故选C。
C
3.On top of the books the photo album you’re looking for.?
A.is B.are
C.has
4.Look, here we were talking of just now.?
A.come the boy B.does the boy come
C.comes the boy
A
C
|语法互动13 简单句|
语法综合演练
1.[2019·龙东] — do you go to see your grandparents, Frank??
—Once a week.
A.How soon B.How often C.How long
2.[2019·南京改编] — will the Jinniu Lake Animal Kingdom be open??
—Maybe in the second half of this year.
A.When B.Who C.What
3. [2019·青海] useful advice you gave us!?
A.What B.What a C.How
4.[2019·绥化] — have you prepared for the competition??
—For two months.
A.How far B.How long C.How soon
5.[2019·玉林改编] —Wow! clean air we have today!?
—Yes. Look! A lot of adults are doing kung fu over there.
A.How B.What a C.What
6.[2019·梧州改编] There a concert in our school hall next week.?
A.is going to have B.will have C.will be
7.[2019·眉山改编] noise pollution, and we can live in a quiet environment.?
A.Prevent B.Preventing C.To prevent
8.[2019·眉山改编] —Dad, can we reach Huangguoshu Waterfall??
—In about an hour.
A.how long B.how soon C.how often
9.[2019·海南] — hard-working boy Zhou Bin is!?
—Yes. I’m sure he’ll pass the test.
A.What a B.What C.How
10.[2019·凉山改编] nice weather it is! Let’s go for a picnic, Frank. ?
A.What B.What a C.How
11.—The temperature is only 10℃ today.
—Yes. strange the weather is in Urumqi this year!?
A.How B.How a C.What
12.Please the rubbish into different litter bins according to the signs.?
A.puts B.put C.putting
13.—How often do your teachers have a meeting?
— .?
A.For one week B.One week ago C.Once a week
14.—He doesn’t speak English or Japanese, ??
— . He speaks Chinese. ?
A.does he; Yes, he doesn’t
B.doesn’t he; No, he does
C.does he; No, he doesn’t
15.—My sister is planning to have a second child next year.
— good idea it is!?
A.What B.What a C.How
16. — run in the hallways, Mike.?
—Sorry, Ms. Clark.
A.Don’t B.Please C.No
17. delicious the soup tastes!?
A.How B.What C.What a
18.You don’t like this colour, you??
A.will B.are C.do
19.— do you like Wolf Warriors Ⅱ??
—Because it’s exciting.
A.Why B.What C.How
20.We have to say goodbye; time flies!?
A.what B.how C.what a
21.As we all know, life is short but amazing. it!?
A.Enjoy B.To enjoy
C.Enjoying
22. Nancy, sweep the classroom, ??
A.don’t you B.do you C.will you
23. —Please bring your homework to school tomorrow, Steven.
—OK, I . ?
A.won’t B.will C.don’t
24. The old man can hardly see anything, he??
A.doesn’t B.can C.can’t
25. sad news it is! We must try our best to help them out of trouble. ?
A.What a B.What C.How a
【参考答案】
1.B [解析]考查特殊疑问词。根据答语可知这里是询问频率,用how often提问。故选B。
2.A
3.A [解析]考查感叹句的用法。分析句子结构可知,感叹句的中心词为不可数名词advice,应用what。故选A。
4.B [解析]考查疑问词组辨析。how far多远,对距离提问;how long多久,对for或since引导的一段时间提问;how soon多久以后。根据答语For two month.“两个月。”可知问句是提问多长时间。故选B。
5.C [解析]考查感叹句。此处的air为不可数名词,需要用what来引导感叹句。故选C。
6.C [解析]考查there be句型。There be固定句型,表示“有”;根据next week可知,用一般将来时。故选C。
7.A [解析]考查祈使句用法。祈使句以动词原形开头。故选A。
8.B [解析]考查疑问词组辨析。根据回答“In about an hour.”可推测出问句在询问“我们多久可以到达黄果树瀑布?”问多久,用how soon。故选B。
9.A [解析]考查感叹句的用法。形容词hard-working修饰名词boy,中心词是名词,用what引导感叹句;boy是可数名词,在形容词hard-working前用不定冠词a。故选A。
10.A [解析]考查感叹句。此处的weather为不可数名词,需要用what来引导感叹句。故选A。
11.A
12.B [解析]考查祈使句的用法。分析句子结构可知此处是一个肯定的祈使句,please后面接动词的原形。故选B。
13.C [解析]考查疑问句的答语。for one week意为“一周”,为一段时间,对其提问用how long;one week ago意为“一周前”,表示过去的时间,提问用when;once a week意为“一周一次”,提问用how often。根据问句中的how often可知这里对频率提问,故用once a week回答。故选C。
14.C [解析]考查反意疑问句。主句为否定句,因此附加问句应为肯定形式; 再结合答语中“他说汉语”,可知他不说英语和日语,因此答语应为否定回答。故选C。
15.B [解析]考查感叹句引导词。形容词good修饰名词idea,中心词是名词,用what引导感叹句;idea是可数名词,在形容词good前用不定冠词a。故选B。
16.A 17.A
18.C [解析]陈述部分含有助动词don’t,反意疑问句用其对应的肯定形式do。故选C。
19.A 20.B 21.A
22.C [解析]祈使句的反意疑问句用will you。故选C。
23.B
24.B [解析]hardly意为“几乎不”,为否定词,故反意疑问部分用肯定形式。故选B。
25.B [解析]本句为感叹句,且中心词news为不可数名词,故用what引导且不加冠词。故选B。
(共14张PPT)
语法互动14 宾语从句
第一篇 语法突破篇
考点一 引导词
1.如果宾语从句为陈述句,常用that引导。that本身无实际意义,也不在宾语从句中充当任何成分,因此常可省略。如:
He said (that) he had been to the Great Wall twice. 他说他去过长城两次了。
2.如果宾语从句是由一般疑问句转化来的,应用if或whether引导。if,whether在句中不充当任何成分,但有一定的意义,意为“是否”,不可省略。
[注意] whether和if引导宾语从句的区别
whether和if常用来引导宾语从句,一般可通用。
I don’t know whether/if they will come to help us.
我不知道他们是否来帮助我们。
I am not certain if/whether the train will arrive on time.
我没有把握火车是否准时到达。
但当whether与or not连用时,whether不可换用if。如:
I don’t know whether he has come back or not.
我不知道他是否已经回来了。
此外,还有三种情况值得注意:
(1)在介词后面只能用whether,不能用if。如:
This depends upon whether we are determined to do it.
这件事要看我们是否有决心去做。
(2)在动词不定式之前,只能用whether,不能用if。如:
He doesn’t know whether to stay or not. 他不知道是否要留下来。
(3)在及物动词discuss后的宾语从句中,只能用whether,不能用if。
We discussed whether we should make a change in our plan.
我们讨论了我们是否应该对计划做些改变。
3.如果宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转化来的,应用连接代词who, whose, what, which等或连接副词when, where, why, how等引导。如:
Can you tell me when the meeting will begin?
你能告诉我会议什么时候开始吗?
考点二 语序
无论主句是什么语序,宾语从句除了引导词放在从句的句首外,还要注意宾语从句要用陈述语序,即“主语+谓语+……”。但是,当连接代词本身在宾语从句中充当主语时,则要保持原来的语序,即“连接代词+谓语”。如:
The teacher asked me why I was late this morning.
老师问我今天早晨为什么迟到了。
I don’t know who is the richest of them. (who在宾语从句中作主语)
我不知道他们中谁最富有。
考点三 时态一致性
在复合句中,宾语从句中的谓语动词时态在一定程度上受到主句中谓语动词时态的制约,这种现象称为前后时态的一致性。宾语从句的谓语动词时态有以下几种情况:
1.主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况可用各种时态。如:
Do you know who he was talking with at eight last Sunday?
你知道上周日八点他正在和谁谈话吗?
2.主句的谓语动词用一般过去时,从句中的谓语动词也应用过去的某种时态。如:
The teacher wanted to know if her students had finished their homework. 这位老师想知道她的学生是否已完成了家庭作业。
3.当宾语从句是客观真理或客观事实时,其时态不受主句时态影响,仍用一般现在时。如:
She said the sun rises in the east. 她说太阳从东方升起。
I didn’t know you like classical music.
我过去不知道你喜欢古典音乐。
考点四 否定前移
在think(认为), believe(相信), suppose(设想), expect(期待) 等动词之后的宾语从句中,如果从句中的谓语动词要用否定形式,则其否定式要前移,即将主句谓语动词think, believe, suppose, expect等变为否定形式。如:
I don’t think you are right. 我认为你不对。
[注意] 如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语,要使用形式宾语it,将从句放在宾语补足语之后。如:
I thought it strange that she didn’t come. 我认为她没来很奇怪。
考点五 宾语从句的简化
当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn等时,宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词+to do”结构的简单句。
I don’t know what I should say.→I don’t know what to say.我不知道要说什么。
【针对训练】
1.[2018·玉林改编] —Here are the jobs for you, young man.
—Thank you. Could I choose ??
A.what I like to do most
B.what I liked to do most
C.what do I like to do most
A
[解析]考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句要使用陈述语序,因此排除C;主句中could表示委婉的请求语气,不是过去时,排除B。故选A。
2.[2018·梧州改编] —Amy, could you please tell me the new pen??
—Oh, I bought it in the shop near my home.
A.where did you buy
B.when you bought
C.where you bought
[解析]考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句中用陈述语序,可排除选项A;再根据答语“I bought it in the shop near my home.” 可知问句是询问买这支新钢笔的地点。故选C。
C
3.[2019·北部湾] —Do you know ??
—Yes, we’ll take a bus there.
A.when we will go the museum tomorrow
B.when will we go to the museum tomorrow
C.how we will go to the museum tomorrow
[解析]考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句要用陈述语序,因此排除B;再根据答句中的take a bus可知问句是问如何去博物馆。故选C。
C
4.[2018·河池改编] —Could you tell me
your holiday, Jim??
—Yes. In Singapore.
A.where did you spend
B.how you spent
C.where you spent
[解析]考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句要用陈述语序,故排除选项A;B项意为:你怎么度过假期;C项意为:你在哪里度过假期?由答语“In Singapore.”可知问句应该是询问“在哪里度过假期”。故选C。
C
|语法互动14 宾语从句|
语法综合演练
1.[2019·贵港改编] —Could you please tell me ??
—Yes. He went there by plane last week.
A.where Mr. Brown will go
B.how Mr. Brown went to Beijing
C.how long Mr. Brown has been in Beijing
2.[2019·百色] —I want to know we will have the meeting.?
—Maybe in the classroom.
A.where B.when C.who
3.[2019·玉林改编] —Ben, could you tell me ??
—He’s my cousin from Shenzhen.
A.who he is
B.where he is
C.who is he
4.[2019·梧州改编] —Bill, what did the teacher say to you?
—She asked me .?
A.how would I solve the problem
B.whether I was ready for the task
C.what time I do get home
5.[2019·河池改编] My cousin hasn’t decided this weekend.?
A.how will he go to Shanghai
B.how he will go to Shanghai
C.how has he gone to Shanghai
6.[2019·青海] —What did you learn in geography class yesterday?
—I learned that the sun in the east.?
A.was rising B.rises
C.rose
7.[2019·南充改编] —Excuse me, could you please tell me ??
—At nine o’clock.
A.where you have your art lesson
B.what time do you have your art lesson
C.what time you have your art lesson
8.[2019·宿迁改编] —What did Mr. Wang ask you just now?
—He asked me yesterday afternoon.?
A.why I am absent from school
B.why I was absent from school
C.why am I absent from school
9.[2019·龙东] —Excuse me. Do you know ??
—Sorry, I don’t know, either.
A.when will the examination begin
B.how can I get to the airport
C.what’s wrong with the mobile phone
10.[2019·温州改编] —Could you tell me ??
—You will stay with an English family and take part in their daily life.
A.when I should pay for the course
B.what the best part of the course is
C.how long the shortest course lasts
11.[2019·扬州改编] —Kate, do you know ??
—I’m not sure. Maybe a Bird-watching Society worker.
A.where can I watch birds
B.what is the man with a camera
C.what the man with a camera is
12.[2019·葫芦岛改编] —I wonder .?
—I’m not sure, but I hope so. It has been dry for two months.
A.if it will rain tomorrow
B.why it doesn’t rain
C.when the rain will stop
13.[2019·宜昌改编] —Do you mind telling me ??
—Of course not. Remember “Keep Moving”.
A.how can I lose weight
B.where I can lose weight
C.how I can lose weight
14.[2019·武汉改编] Rose is wondering .?
A.who did the washing
B.where has Jason gone
C.when will Aaron leave
15.[2019·青岛改编] —Could you tell tomorrow??
—It will be sunny.
A.what will the weather be like
B.what the weather will be like
C.when the weather will be sunny
16.[2019·北京改编] Did you notice in her office??
—Yes. She was going over our writing.
A.what was Miss Lin doing
B.what Miss Lin was doing
C.what Miss Lin does
17.To my surprise, my grandma suddenly asked me get the “Red Packets” on QQ.?
A.that she could
B.how she could
C.what could she
18.—Look at the stone bridge! Do you know it was built??
—In the 1860s. It is quite old.
A.when B.how
C.where
19. I’m planning a trip to the beach tomorrow, but still can’t decide .?
A.where I am going
B.how I’m going
C.why I’m planning
20.Things are changing so fast these days. We can’t imagine exactly in 100 years’ time. ?
A.what life will like
B.what will life be like
C.what life will be like
21.We must remember . ?
A.what our teacher said
B.what our teacher say
C.what has our teacher said
22.The teacher is already standing here. Do you know when she ? ?
A.comes B.came C.is coming
23.—Could you tell me ??
—At nine o’clock, in ten minutes.
A.how will he leave
B.when he has left
C.when he will leave
24.I wonder next week. Please call me when they return.?
A.when they will come back
B.when will they come back
C.when they come back
25.—How about buying an iPhoneⅩ for your birthday?
—Oh, maybe it’s too expensive, Dad. Do you know ??
A.how much it costs
B.how much does it cost
C.how much it cost
26.Yesterday the teacher told us the earth the sun.?
A.goes around B.went around
C.is going around
27. Can you tell me ??
A.how much is the red sweater
B.how much the red sweater is
C.what the price of the red sweater is
28.—What did Max just say to you?
—He asked me .?
A.if I would like to go skating
B.when did I buy this CD
C.where I will spend the weekend
29.—Excuse me. Could you tell me ??
—Yes. Go along this street and you will find it on your left.
A.where is the museum
B.which is the way to the museum
C.how far is the museum
30.—What did Paul say to you just now, John?
—He asked .?
A.if I could go to the movies with him this evening
B.where I go today
C.who did I go shopping with yesterday
【参考答案】
1.B [解析]考查宾语从句的用法。根据答语中“went there by plane last week”可知:宾语从句用how引导,表示“布朗先生怎样去北京的”。故选B。
2.A [解析]考查宾语从句的用法。由答语in the classroom可知是问地点。故选A。
3.A 4.B
5.B [解析]考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句要用陈述语序,因此排除A、C。故选B。
6.B [解析]考查宾语从句的用法。当宾语从句表示的是客观真理或客观事实时,从句的时态一律使用一般现在时。本题从句“太阳从东方升起”属于客观事实,应用一般现在时。故选B。
7.C [解析]考查宾语从句。英语宾语从句一般为陈述语序,选项B是疑问语序,据此排除B项; 由下文答语“在九点钟”可知,应用询句时间的引导词what time。故选C。
8.B [解析]考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序,排除C;主句动词asked用了一般过去时,宾语从句也要用过去时态。故选B。
9.C [解析]考查宾语从句的语序。宾语从句要用陈述语序,排除选项A和B。故选C。
10.B [解析]考查宾语从句。答语“你将要和一个英国家庭待在一起,参加他们的日常生活”提示宾语从句用what引导,询问课程的内容。符合句意“你能告诉我课程最佳的部分是什么吗?”其他选项与答语意义不对应。故选B。
11.C [解析]考查宾语从句。根据回答“可能是一个观鸟协会的工作人员”排除A;宾语从句要用陈述语序。故选C。
12.A [解析]考查宾语从句。根据下文“It has been dry for two months.”可知,此处宾语从句应询问“明天是否会下雨”,if在此意为“是否”。故选A。
13.C [解析]考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句应为陈述语序,故排除选项A;由答语Remember“Keep Moving.”可知,这是对lose weight方式方法的回答,因此宾语从句引导词为how。故选C。
14.A [解析]考查宾语从句的用法。句中的wonder 作及物动词,意为“想知道;对……感到怀疑”,后接 who, what, why, where 等引导的宾语从句,并且宾语从句要用陈述语序。故选A。
15.B [解析]考查宾语从句用法。由答语“明天将会是晴朗的”可知上文应是询问天气,故可排除选项C;宾语从句应用陈述语序。故选B。
16.B [解析]考查宾语从句。结合选项可知,空格处应是宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述语序,故排除A项;主句Did you notice是一般过去时,所以从句应用过去的时态。故选B。
17.B [解析]宾语从句要用陈述语序,排除C;由句意可知是询问怎样得到红包。故选B。
18.A [解析]根据答语“In the 1860s.”知,上句是针对时间提问的。故选A。
19.B
20.C [解析]宾语从句用陈述语序,排除B。like意为“喜欢”;be like意为“像……”。故选C。
21.A [解析]根据句式结构可知是一个宾语从句,用陈述语序,故排除C;选项B时态错误。故选A。
22.B [解析]根据前句句意“老师已经站在这了”可知来到的动作发生在过去,主句是一般现在时,宾语从句根据实际情况用合适的时态。故选B。
23.C [解析]根据答语可知问的是时间,排除选项A;由答语中的in ten minutes可知用一般将来时,排除选项B。故选C。
24.A
25.A [解析]宾语从句要用陈述语序,故选项B错误;根据上下文可知,还没有买iPhone Ⅹ,选项C是过去时,排除。故选A。
26.A [解析]在宾语从句中,从句如果描述的是客观真理,那么不管主句是什么时态,从句都用一般现在时。故选A。
27.B
28.A [解析]宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,故排除B;因为主句的动词asked是过去式,所以宾语从句应该用过去的时态,故排除C。
29.B [解析]宾语从句须用陈述语序,A、C选项都是疑问语序;B选项中的疑问词which本身充当的是主语,符合陈述语序。故选B。
30.A [解析]分析句子可知,这是一个宾语从句,宾语从句用陈述语序,故排除C项; 由主句时态可知从句应用过去时态,排除B项。故选A。
(共19张PPT)
语法互动15 状语从句
第一篇 语法突破篇
状语从句考查点主要集中在引导状语从句的连词和状语从句的时态等方面。状语从句分为地点状语从句、时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、比较状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句和方式状语从句。现归纳举例如下:
类型 引导连词 例句
地点状语从句 where, wherever Cross the stream where it is the shallowest.
从最浅的地方过河。
We’ll go wherever you say.
你说的任何地方我们都去。
(续表)
类型 引导连词 例句
时间状语从句 when, while, after, before, since, till, until, as, as soon as, whenever, ever since I’ll phone you as soon as I arrive in Shanghai. 我一到上海就给你打电话。
I waited till/until he came back.
我一直等到他回来。
I’ll tell him when he comes.
当他来的时候,我将告诉他。
Whenever we’re in trouble, they’ll help us. 无论何时我们有麻烦,他们都会帮助我们。
(续表)
类型 引导连词 例句
原因状语
从句 as, because, since, now that Susan didn’t come to school yesterday because she was ill.
苏珊昨天没来上学,因为她病了。
Since her brother was busy, he didn’t come. 她哥哥因为忙没有来。
Now that you have finished your homework, you can play basketball.
既然你已经完成了家庭作业,你可以打篮球。
(续表)
类型 引导连词 例句
条件状语
从句 if, unless,as long as You won’t pass the exam unless you work harder. 你如果不更加努力学习,你将通不过考试。
I don’t mind as long as it doesn’t rain.
只要不下雨就行了。
比较状语
从句 than, as…as, not…so/as… as This book is more interesting than that one.
这本书比那本书有趣。
Maths is as important as physics.
数学和物理同样重要。
(续表)
类型 引导连词 例句
目的状语
从句 in case, so that, in order that She stood up so that she might see more clearly. 她站起来以便能看得更清楚。
Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. 随身带着一顶帽子,以防太阳太晒。
结果状语
从句 so…that, such…that He was so angry that he couldn’t speak.
他是如此生气,以至于说不出话来。
She is such a lovely girl that every-one loves her. 她是一个如此可爱的女孩,大家都喜欢她。
(续表)
类型 引导连词 例句
让步状语
从句 although, though, even though, no matter,whatever, whoever Though it was late, we went on working.
虽然晚了,但是我们继续工作。
No matter what the weather is like, they will go out to have sports tomorrow.
无论天气怎样,他们明天都将出去进行体育运动。
方式状语
从句 as, like,
as if,
as though I did as he asked. 我像他要求的那样做的。
Do it like he does. 像他那样做。
[注意] 1.当主句是一般将来时、祈使句或含有情态动词时,时间状语从句和条件状语从句要用一般现在时。
2.要掌握每个连词的含义及用法,还要注意它们之间的区别。
(1)when, while和as三者均可表示“当……的时候”,如果主句表示的是短暂性的动作,而从句表示的是一段时间,三者可通用。如:
I met Mr Smith as/when/while I was walking along the street. 我沿街散步时遇到了史密斯先生。
(2)as和when都可与终止性动词连用,while只能与延续性动词连用。如:
It was snowing when/as we got to the station.
我们到达车站时天正下着雪。
(3)until和till在肯定句中表示“直到……为止”,主句要用延续性动词;在否定句中,表示“直到……才”,主句常用终止性动词。如:
We won’t start until/till/before Bob comes.
直到鲍勃来了我们才会开始。
(4)since引导的从句,从句用一般过去时,主句则用现在完成时,且主句的谓语动词要用延续性动词。如:
The foreigners have visited many places of interest since they came to China.
自从来到中国,那些外国人已经参观了许多名胜。
I have never seen him since he left Guilin.
自从他离开桂林后,我再也没见过他。
(5)unless意为“除非,如果不”, 相当于“if…not”。如:
Unless he comes soon, I’m going without him.=If he doesn’t come soon, I’m going without him.
如果他不尽快来的话,我就不等他了。
(6)so…that和such…that的用法:
用法 例句
so+形容词或副词+that+从句 She is so lovely that we all love her.
她如此可爱,我们所有人都喜欢她。
so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that+从句 It is so interesting a book that he enjoys reading it.如此有趣的一本书,他很喜欢读。
so+many/few+可数名词复数+that+从句 There were so many people in the supermarket that we had to wait for a long time.
超市里的人如此多,我们不得不等了很长时间。
(续表)
用法 例句
so+much/little(少)+不可数名词+that+从句 He has so much money that he can afford the house.他那么有钱,他能买得起这套房子。
such+a/an+(形容词)+可数名词单数+that+从句 He is such a good teacher that we all respect him.
他是那么好的一位老师,我们所有人都尊重他。
such+(形容词)+可数名词复数+that+从句 They are such interesting movies that children love them very much.
如此有趣的电影,孩子们非常喜欢它们。
(续表)
用法 例句
such(+形容词)+不可数名词+that+从句 It was such bad weather that we had to stay at home.
天气太糟糕,我们不得不待在家里。
【针对训练】
1.My grandparents wrote letters to keep in touch with others they
were young.?
A.when B.since
C.before
A
[解析]考查连词辨析。句意:我的祖父母在年轻时写信与别人保持联系。when 意为“当……的时候”;since+一般过去时句子,主句用现在完成时; before意为“在……以前”。根据主句“…wrote letters to keep…”判断用when。故选A。
2. it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday.?
A.Although B.Because
C.Unless
A
3.—What were you and your father doing at 7:00 yesterday evening?
—I was doing my homework my father was reading newspapers.?
A.when B.as soon as
C.while
[解析]考查连词辨析。while表示一个人在做一件事情的同时另一个人正在做另一件事。故选C。
C
4.The sky is much bluer we have taken action to protect the environment.?
A.because B.before
C.until
5.Your dream will not come true you keep trying your best.?
A.when B.unless
C.whether
A
B
6.—There is always a smile on your face. Isn’t there any trouble in your life?
—Yes, there is. But life is like a mirror. you smile at it, it will smile back.?
A.When B.Before
C.Until
A
