(共24张PPT)
语法互动16 定语从句
第一篇 语法突破篇
用来修饰名词、名词词组或代词的从句叫定语从句。引导定语从句的词叫关系词,被定语从句所修饰的名词、名词词组或代词叫先行词。如:
He is the man who I want to see. 他就是我想要见的那个人。?
先行词 关系词 定语从句
引导定语从句的词有关系代词who, that, which, whom, whose等和关系副词when, where, why。一般情况下,如果先行词是表示人的名词、名词词组或代词时,关系词应用who或that;先行词如果是表示物的名词、名词词组或代词时,关系词应用that或which。关系词有三个作用:1.引导定语从句; 2.代替先行词; 3.在定语从句中充当某个成分。
考点一 关系代词的用法
关系代词 例句
that在从句中作主语或宾语 He wrote down the things that were talked about at the meeting. (作主语)
他写下了在会议上讨论的事情。
I will never forget the man that I saw last year. (作宾语)
我永远不会忘记我去年见到的那个人。
(续表)
关系代词 例句
which在从句中作主语或宾语 This is the novel which is written in English. (作主语)
这是一本用英语写的小说。
The letter which I received yesterday was from a friend of mine. (作宾语)
我昨天收到的信来自我的一个朋友。
(续表)
关系代词 例句
who在从句中作主语和宾语,
whom在从句中作宾语 The teacher will help anyone who is in trouble. (作主语)
老师会帮助任何一个有困难的人。
The person who broke the window must pay for it. (作主语)
打破玻璃的人必须要赔偿。
The girl who/whom you saw last week has left the town.
(作宾语)你上周见到的那个女孩已经离开小镇了。
The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. (作宾语)
刚才和你交谈的那个人是李先生。
(续表)
关系代词 例句
whose意为“谁的”,是一个属格词。当先行词是人时,whose相当于“of whom”;当先行词是物时,whose相当于“of which” He is the only student in our class whose father is a policeman.
=He is the only student in our class, the father of whom is a policeman.
他是我们班唯一一个父亲是警察的学生。
(续表)
关系代词 例句
as主要用在such, the same后,在从句中作主语、宾语等 Such people as were mentioned by him were honest.
他提到的那些人是诚实的。 (作主语)
Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.
不要看你不懂的书。(作宾语)
This is the same book as I lost.这是一本跟我丢失的一样的书。(同类型但不是同一本,作宾语)
[归纳] 1. 关系词只能用that的情况:
分类 例句
先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时 He was the first person that passed the exam.
他是第一个通过考试的人。
被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时 Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?
你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
(续表)
分类 例句
先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时 This is the same bike that I lost.
这就是我丢的那辆自行车。(同一辆车)
先行词里同时含有人或物时 I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
(续表)
分类 例句
以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that Who is the girl that is crying?
正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
桌子上有汤姆的一本书。
2.关系词只能用which的情况:
(1)当关系词前面有介词时,指物常用which。
The company in which he works is big.他工作的那家公司很大。
(2)非限制性定语从句指物时,多用which。
The result of the experiment was very good, which pleased us.
实验结果很好,这令我们十分高兴。
(3)如果先行词本身是that或those时,只能用which。
This is that which he bought yesterday. 这就是他昨天买的那个(东西)。
【针对训练】
1.[2018·玉林] —Who got the First-ever Friendship Medal(友谊勋章) of China?
—It’s Putin everybody knows so well in the world.?
A.whom B.what
C.which
A
[解析]考查定语从句的引导词。由于先行词是人,而且在逻辑上要充当从句谓语动词know的宾语应用whom。故选A。
2.[2018·柳州] This is the most exciting match I have ever watched.?
A.who B.which
C.that
[解析]考查定语从句关系代词。先行词是match,排除A;先行词被最高级修饰的时候,关系代词必须用that。故选C。
C
3.[2019·兰州改编] The movie I have seen twice is The Wandering Earth.?
A.who B.which
C.where
[解析]考查定语从句的引导词。由于先行词the movie是物,所以应用which。故选B。
B
4.[2019·福建] Du Fuguo is a hero is known to millions of Chinese people.?
A.who B.which
C.whom
[解析]考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知,空格处修饰先行词,指人,且在从句中是主语,应用who。故选A。
A
5.—Do you like the weekly talk show, The Readers, on CCTV?
—Sure.It’s a great TV program purpose is to bring the habit of reading back into the public.?
A.which B.that
C.whose
[解析]考查定语从句。此定语从句中,whose修饰 purpose。故选C。
C
6.—Class, you should be thankful to those people helped and supported you.?
—We will, Miss Chen.
A.which B.whom
C.who
[解析]考查定语从句引导词。分析句子结构可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词为people,且从句缺少主语,所以用关系代词who或that引导定语从句。故选C。
C
考点二 关系副词的用法
关系副词 例句
when表示时间,在从句中作时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met each other.我不会忘记我们相遇的那一天。
where表示地点,在从句中作地点状语 It’s the place where I was born.
这是我出生的地方。
why表示原因,在从句中作原因状语,先行词是reason This is the reason why he was late for school.这就是他上学迟到的原因。
(续表)
关系副词 例句
关系副词与关系代词的转换:
·when=介词+which 如:
I still remember the year when I entered school. (when=in which)
我仍然记得我进校的那一年。
·where=介词+which 如:
This is the factory where my father works. (where=in which)
这是我父亲工作的工厂。
(续表)
关系副词 例句
·why=for which 如:
That is the reason why he didn’t come to school. (why=for which) 那是他没来上学的原因。
比较:
1.This is the place where I spend my childhood.(表地点,在定语从句中作地点状语)
This is the place which/that I visited last summer.(在定语从句中作visit的宾语)
2.I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together.(在定语从句中作spend 的宾语)
I’ll never forget the days when we lived together in the country. (表时间,在宾语从句中作时间状语)
3.The reason which/that he gave is that he got up late.(在定语从句中作give的宾语)
The reason why he was late is that he got up late.(表原因,在定语从句中作原因状语)
【针对训练】
1.I like the city the people are really kind and friendly.?
A.that B.which
C.where
C
[解析]考查定语从句。分析题干可知此处定语从句修饰的名词“the city”表示地点,所以定语从句用where来引导,where在定语从句中用作地点状语,故选C。
2.That’s the reason I don’t want to go.?
A.that B.which C.why
3.The day I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.?
A.in which B.that C.when
4.We are living in an age many things are done on computers.?
A.when B.that C.which
C
C
A
|语法互动16 定语从句|
语法综合演练
一、单项选择
1.[2019·滨州改编] —Do you know the man spoke at the meeting just now? ?
—No, I don’t know.
A.what B.who C.which
2.[2019·梧州改编] —Do you like National Treasure, the weekly TV show on CCTV?
—Sure. It’s a great culture TV show has been very popular in China.?
A.who B.whom C.which
3.[2019·天水改编] —Have you seen the film The Wandering Earth《流浪地球》?
—Yes. It’s the best one I have ever seen.?
A.that B.which C.what
4.[2019·吉林] Mr.Brown is a teacher is strict with all his students.?
A.which B.who C.where
5.[2019·随州改编] —What kind of movies do you like?
—I prefer movies give me something to think about.?
A.which B.who C.what
6.[2019·哈尔滨] —Have you got ready for the soccer game?
—Yes, I’ve done everything I can to win the game.?
A.who B.that C.which
7.[2019·成都] —The boy lost is crying there. ?
—How do you know he gets lost?
A.whose B.who C.who’s
8.[2019·淮安改编] The charities have helped more children with the money people raise. ?
A.what B.where C.which
9.[2019·达州改编] —Frank, look! Who are the children under the tree waiting in line??
—They are the students from No.1 Primary School.
A.that are B.where are C.who is
10.Kids, I hope you’ll remember the good old days we spent together in junior high though it’s time to say goodbye.?
A.who B.what C.which
11.I don’t know the reason he looks unhappy today.?
A.when B.where C.why
12.The place interested me most was the Children’s Palace.?
A.which B.where C.what
13.This is the hotel last month.?
A.which they stayed
B.at that they stayed
C.where they stayed
14.That is the day I’ll never forget.?
A.which B.on which C.in which
15.The factory we’ll visit next week is not far from here.?
A.where B.to which C.which
16.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of sat a small boy.?
A.whom B.who C.which
17.Is there anyone in your class family is in the country??
A.who B.which C.whose
18.I’m interested in you have said.?
A.all that B.all which C.that
19.[2019·铜仁] —What are you doing?
—We are talking about the books and writers we like.?
A.that B.which C.who
20.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of are women.?
A.them B.which C.whom
21.This is the reason he didn’t come to the meeting.?
A.in which B.with which C.for which
22.I have bought two ball pens, writes well.?
A.none of them B.neither of them
C.neither of which
23.This is the magazine I copied the paragraph.?
A.that B.which C.from which
24.I shall never forget those years I lived on the farm with the farmers, has a great effect on my life.?
A.when; who B.that; that C.when; which
25.Mr Smith was the only one of the writers invited to the meeting.?
A.who was B.who were C.which were
二、用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。
1.The first thing you must do is to have a meal.?
2.April 1st is the day is called April Fool’s Day in the West.?
3.The house in we live is very old.?
4.Didn’t you see the man I talked with just now??
5.Everything I said was true.?
6.Is this the place your father once lived? ?
7.I still remember the day I first met her.?
8. This is the bike my father gave me for my birthday.?
9.He tells us the reason he told a lie honestly.?
10.—Which is your new neighbour, Liu Hua?
—The man T-shirt is red. ?
【参考答案】
一、
1.B [解析]考查定语从句的关系代词。先行词the man指人,故用关系代词that/who在定语从句中作主语。故选B。
2.C 3.A
4.B [解析]考查定语从句关系代词。本句当中a teacher是先行词,所以只能用指人的关系代词who。故选B。
5.A [解析]考查定语从句引导词。这里先行词为movies,故用which引导定语从句。故选A。
6.B [解析]考查定语从句。先行词everything为不定代词,当先行词为不定代词时,关系代词常用that。故选B。
7.C [解析]考查定语从句。主句先行词为“the boy”,用关系代词“who”引导定语从句,且在定语从句中作主语;表示某人迷路,应用短语“be/get lost”。 空格处应为“定语从句连接词+谓语动词”,故选C。
8.C 9.A
10.C [解析]考查定语从句。先行词days指物且在从句中充当spent的宾语,应用which/that引导。故选C。
11.C 12.A 13.C 14.A 15.C 16.C 17.C 18.A
19.A [解析]考查定语从句的引导词。该句的先行词有人也有物,应用that引导。故选A。
20.C 21.C 22.C 23.C 24.C 25.A
二、1.that 2.which/that 3.which
4.whom/who/that 5.that 6.where 7.when 8.that/which 9.why 10.whose
