中考英语专题复习宾语从句课件（34张PPT）

(共34张PPT)
宾语从句
主讲教师：赵艳
宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。主从复合
句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成
的。 主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的
一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在
全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。宾
语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语。
概念： 句子的宾语一般由名词、代词、
动名词或动词不定式充当，当一
个句子充当宾语时,我们把这个句
子叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句的三要点：
1、引导词
2、从句语序
3、从句的时态
宾 语 从 句
由从属连词that引导的宾语从句
由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which，
what 和连接副词 where,how,why,when
引导的宾语从句
由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句
一、引导词：取决于从句的语气
1.从句是陈述语气时，引导词用that.
2.从句是一般疑问语气时，引导词用if或
whether.
3.从句是特殊疑问语气时，引导词用特殊
疑问词。
e.g: I'm afraid that you are right.
I want to know if it will rain tomorrow.
I didn't hear what he wanted me to do .
Do you know whose bag I am carrying?

注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，
在口语当中往往省略
e.g.
I hear (that) ____________________________. （一小时后他会回来）
He said (that) __________________________. （他非常想念我们）
The teacher told us (that) ______________________________________. （地球围着太阳转）
he will be back in an hour
he missed us very much
the earth moves around the sun
由连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what及连接副词
when, where, how, why引导的宾语从句
1. He asked . (谁能回答这个问题）
2. Do you know_________________________. （他们在等谁）
3. He asked ________________________________. （谁的书法是班上最好的）
4. Please tell me _______________________________. （我们什么时候开会）
5. Can you tell me _______________. （他在哪儿）
who could answer the question
whom they are waiting for
whose handwriting was the best in the class
when we’ll have a meeting
where he is
由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句
e.g.
1. I want to know _________________________________.
（他是否跟我们一起去公园）
2. Ask him _____________________. （他是否能来）
3. I don’t know ___________________________.（是否要下雨）
if (whether) he will go to the park with us
whether (if) he can come
whether it is going to rain or not
1、当句末为or not时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.
2、在不定式前，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.
例如：
I haven’t made up my mind whether to go there or not.

He asked me when I arrived in Shanghai .
I want to know where they will go.
Could you tell me what you are reading?
I don't know where he lives .
二、从句语序：一律用陈述语序 主句+引导词+主语+谓语动词+其他
　
?????? ? ??? ????e.g? :?? Could you tell me how I can get to the Science Museum ? ???He asked him where he came from . ???Did you know what’s the name of the handsome boy in the classroom yesterday？ ???Please tell me where I can buy the beautiful flower .
请注意观察红色字体的语序
主句是一般现在时，从句可以用任何时态。
2.主句是一般过去时,从句用过去范畴的时态。
3.主句是一般过去时，但从句表达的是客观真
理或自然现象时，仍然用一般现在时。
e.g: He says that he is reading a book now.
He said that he would work hard.
They said they had been to France.
The students asked me if the earth goes round the sun.
三、主.从句的时态呼应
具体的时态的变化 1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。
??? e.g ????? I hear ( that ) she will come tomorrow . ????? I hear ( that ) Jim went to work an hour ago .???

2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。 ????? e.g?? ????? He said ( that ) he was ill yesterday . ????? He said ( that ) he was reading a book . ????? ?????
3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。 ????? e.g?
????? He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon . ????? The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is useful to our health .

　
?????? 标点符号 ： ?????? 宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定，不受从句的限制。如果主句是陈述句或者是祈使句时用句号；而主句是疑问句时，句末则用问号。 ?????? e.g?

?????? He asked me if / whether I could help him .

Please tell me which colour you like best .
?????? Would you please tell the teacher how old you are ?
四、宾语从句的标点符号
　
??????? 五、宾语从句的否定形式 ： ??????? 一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的。但若主句谓语动词是?think 、 expect 、 believe 、 guess 、 imagine 、 suppose 等表示“认为，猜想”的词时，一般要把宾语从句中的否定式转移到主句中。 e.g??????I don’t think it’s going to rain . I don’t believe she will lend you the money .? ????? 但是，如果主句中的谓语动词是 hope ，则不适用于此规则。 ??????? e.g???? I hope he won’t come .


六、宾语从句与直接引语变间接引语的关系。
直接引语变为间接引语之后通常都构成一个宾语从句。因此我们要掌握好宾语从句的用法必须也要熟悉直接引语变间接引语的规则。
直接引语 and 间接引语
引语的概念
直接引述别人的原话，叫 ____________;
直接引语
用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫 _________。
间接引语
直接引语通常都用____________括起来，
引号“ ”
间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个 ________。
宾语从句
直接引语
间接引语
She said, “I like singing. ”
She said, “I am waiting for a bus.”
She said, “I will see you next week.”
She said that she liked singing.
She said that she was waiting for a bus.
直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时用连词that（可省略）引导宾语从句.从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语　等相应变化.
１、人称的变化
一
随
主
二随宾
第三
人称
不变
引号内的第一人
称变间引后与主
句主语的人称保
持一致
引号内的第二人
称变间引后与主
句宾语的人称保
持一致
引号内的第三人
称在变间引后人
称不变
She said,“ I like
Tennis.”
She said that she
liked tennis.
He said to Lily,
“ you must get
up early.”
He told Lily that
she must get up
early.
She said to me ,
“ They want to
help him.”
She told me that
they wanted to
help him.
一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新
口诀 说　明 直接引语 间接引语



直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
一般过去时
过去完成时
现在完成时
过去完成时
一般将来时
过去将来时
The teacher said,“The sun is bigger than the earth.”
The teacher said that the sun is bigger than the earth.
注: 直引若是客观真理,变为间引时,时态不变.
时态变化
2






直接引语
间接引语
指示代词
时 间 状 语
地点状语
方向性动词
this,
that,
these
those
now,
then,
today
that day
this week
that week
yesterday
the day before
last week
the week before
four days ago
four days before
the day before yesterday
two days before
tomorrow
the next/following day
next month
the next/following month
here
there
come,
go,
bring
take
情态动词
can, may, must
could,might,had to






直接引语
间接引语
She asked, “Have you seen the film?”
She asked me whether\if I had seen the film.
He asked, “Are you a doctor, John?”
He asked John if\whether he was a doctor.
She asked us where we were going to get off.
He asked them, “Who gave you a talk yesterday?”
直接引语是疑问句，变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变为陈述语序。
直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,用连词 if 或 whether 连接。
直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词作连词来引导。
直接引语
间接引语
“Never do that again,” the teacher said．
The policeman ordered us to be quiet.
The policeman ordered:“Be quiet.”
The teacher told the boy to open the window .
The teacher said to the boy ,”Open the window .”
The teacher told me not /never to do that again．
“Wait a moment．” she said to them.
She asked them to wait a moment .




直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定前加tell, ask, order , advise等动词的宾语。
　　注意：否定句，在动词不定式前加not或never.
解题步骤:
1.陈述句
“I don’t like computers,” Sandy said to her friends.
Sandy said to her friends
that
said/told
didn’t
she
Sandy said to/told her friends that she didn’t like computers.
2.一般疑问句:
Is it easy to work out the problem?
( They asked him )
They asked him
if
It is easy to work out the problem.
it is easy to work out the problem.
asked
is
was
They asked him if it was easy to work out the problem.
3.特殊疑问句：
When do you harvest the wheat ?
( They asked him )
They asked him
when
you harvest the wheat
you harvest the wheat.
he
harvested
They asked him when he harvested the wheat.
4.祈使句
Little boy, put on your coat.
(They ordered )
They ordered
Little boy
Little boy, put on your coat.
put on your coat.
to put
They ordered the little boy to put on his coat.
his
将下列句子合并为一句:
1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked.

2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me?

3. Do they like to make friends with us? He asked.

4. “ I am doing my homework.” He said.
I asked where they stopped on the way.
Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?
He asked if they liked to make friends with them.
He said that he was doing his homework.
5. “How can I get to the station?”
Could you tell me?


6. “Why is the train late?” Would you tell me?


7. “Where is Tom?” They asked.
Could you tell me how I can get to the station?
Would you tell me why the train is late?
They asked where Tom was.
Thank you!