第三十讲 倒装句
(原卷版)
黑龙江哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
英语中倒装句的应用比较广泛，是英语的一种重要的语言现象，也是英语的一种习惯用法。在历年高考试题中，倒装句都是各地高考中的难点和热点，在各地高考试题中都有不同程度的体现，而且在近年的高考试题中出现的频率越来越高，涉及面也较广泛，是高考试卷中比较重要语法项目。教师在辅导学生进行倒装句复习的时候，首先要注重对其语言知识进行梳理，夯实基础知识，掌握核心内容，避免偏题、难题和怪题；教师要注意把有关省略句的语法现象从横向与纵向进行融会贯通，通过对语言知识的梳理提高学生借助语法知识进行阅读与写作能力。因此，教师要逐条列出学生出容易出现错误的问题，通过典型例句的讲解和巩固训练提高学生的语言应用能力。
I. 倒装句概述（Summary of Inverted Sentences）
倒装句是英语修辞句式的一种，它是为了强调某一句子成分而改变其结构顺序的句子形式。句子采用倒装的目的：一是为了句子的需要；二是为了语法结构的需要。英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但当某些句子需要表示强调时，就常常采用倒装形式。倒装句可分为部分倒装和完全倒装。将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装，只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装。此外，还有强调性倒装和以so、neither、nor开头的句子倒装。 倒装有两种情况：部分倒装（主语和助动词倒置）和全部倒装（主语和谓语完全倒置）。倒装句的使用有两方面的意义：一是适应一定的语法结构的需要（疑问句的句型结构）；二是起强调作用，把要强调部分放到句首，构成倒装句。总之，为了句子意义的需要，强调句子的某一内容，使上下文衔接紧密；或为了保持句子平衡而采用倒装语句。
Was the People's Liberation Army founded in 1927?
中国解放军是在1927年组建的么? （疑问句结构，部分倒装）
Never have I been late for school this term.
这学期我上学从未迟到。（强调作用，部分倒装）
Out rushed the children. 孩子们冲出去了。（强调状语，全部倒装）
Away went the boy. 那个男孩走了。（强调状语，全部倒装）
II. 部分倒装
1. 大部分疑问句（疑问词作主语或修饰主语时除外）
What are you going to be when you grow up?
你长大后会成为什么样的人？
Who is going to be a teacher when you grow up? （疑问词作主语不倒装）
你长大后谁当老师？
2. there be +主语
There is no room for compromise on this matter.
在这个问题上没有调和的余地。
There is one word too many in this sentence.
这个句子多了一个字。
3. so，neither，nor常用倒装句
He likes singing, so does she.
他喜欢唱歌，她也喜欢。
I never learned to swim and neither did they.
我从没学过游泳，他们也没有。
4. May表示祝愿时
May you succeed.
祝你成功。
May you continue in your effort and achieve new and greater success.
祝你继续努力，取得新的、更大的成绩。
5. though从句的转换形式
Child as he is, he can do the work well.
=Though he is a child, he can do the work well.
尽管他是个孩子，但他能把工作做好。
Young as she is, she knows a lot about computer.
= Though she is young, she knows a lot about computer.
虽然她很年轻，但对电脑了解很多。
III. 全部倒装
1. here, there置于句首，谓语是be，come，go，lie，live，sit，stand，rise，walk，run等表方位或转移的动词，且名词作主语时
There goes the bell.
铃响了。
Here comes the bus.
公共汽车来了。
2. out，in，up，down，away，off，back，now，then置于句首，名词作主语时
Out rushed the boys. 男孩儿们冲出去了。
Away went the children. 孩子们走了
3. 为保持句子平衡或强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衍接时，用完全倒装
On top of the hill stands a tall tree.
山顶上有一棵大树。
Inside the pyramids are burial rooms.
金字塔里面是墓室。
Among them was Li Ping.
其中有李平。
IV. 为了意义、强调、语法结构等的需要而使用倒装
1. 为句子意义需要，强调句子某一内容，使上下文衔接紧密，保持句子平衡
1）句子谓语是go，come，run等表示位置的动词和be动词，用到装。
句子谓语是go，come，run等表示位置的动词和be动词，句中又有表示方位的副词（如the re，here，up，down，out，in，away等），为了强调该副词，将其放句首，将谓语动词全部置于主语之前。
Here comes the train to Beijing.
去北京的火车来了。
There goes the bell.铃响了。
Down came the rain.下雨了。
2）为了强调句中的状语或表语，保持句子平衡或上下文衔接紧密，可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装。
At the front of the hall sat the headmaster.
校长坐在大厅的前部。
In this paragraph can be found an answer.
在这段里能找到答案。
3）为了强调only及其所修饰的状语（通常是副词、介词短语或从句），则将它们移到句首，句中的主谓作部分倒装。
Only then did we realize that the man was blind.
直到那时我们才发现那个人是盲人。
Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.直到1918年战争结束后，他才得以愉快地重返工作岗位。
4）将含有否定意义的副词（never，seldom，not，not until，little，hardly等）置于句首以示强调时，句中的主谓作部分倒装（修饰主语时除外）。
Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started.
我刚到公共汽车站，公共汽车就开动了。
Not until he grew up did he realize he was wrong.
直到长大他才意识到自己错了。
Seldom in my life have I met so determined a person.
一生中我很少见到如此果断的人。
5）为了强调“not a+名词”或“not a single+名词”结构，将其置于句首时，句中的主谓作部分倒装。
Not a word did he say at the last meeting.
在上次会议上他一句话都没说。
6）Hardly…when，no sooner…than，not only…but also引导两个分句时，将前一个分句中的主谓作部分倒装，后一个分句中的主谓语序不变。
Hardly had he began to speak when his father stopped him.他刚开口发言就被父亲制止了。
No sooner had I left my house than it began to rain.
我刚刚离开家就下雨了。
2. 由于语法结构的需要而使用倒装
1）“So+助动词+主语”是一种常用于对前面所说的情况作简短回答的句型。
I was late and so was she.
我迟到了，她也迟到了。
They loves having a lots of friends，so do those with disabilities.
他们喜欢广交朋友，残疾人也一样。
2）“Neither/Nor + 助动词 +主语”用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样看法。
She won't go. Neither/Nor will I.
她不走，我也不。
I cannot swim. Neither can he.
我不会游泳，他也不会。
3）当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had，were或should等时，可以省略if，把助动词were，should，had提前，作部分或完全倒装。
Were I you, I would do that.
如果我是你，我就会那样做。
Had he succeeded, he would have acquired a monopoly
要是他当时成功了，他就会取得垄断地位。
Had you come yesterday，you would have seen him.
若你昨天来，你就会见到他了。
1. 句子谓语是go，come，run等表示位置的动词和be动词用到装；但主语是人称代词时不倒装。
Here you are. 给你。
There it is. 就在那里。
Here we are. 我们到了。
Away he went. 他走了。
Then she went to the shop. 然后她去了商店。
Away he comes.他来了。
Here it comes.它来了。
2. 两个分句是的倒装问题
在Hardly…when，no sooner…than等引导两个分句时，前一个分句中的主谓作部分倒装，后一个分句中的主谓语序不变。但是，当neither/not…nor引导两个分句时，两个分句中的主谓均要倒装。
Neither do I know her address，nor does he.
我不知道她的地址，他也不知道.
Not could the patient eat，nor could he drink.
那个病人既不能吃，也不能喝。
3. only修饰状语/副词/介词短语/状语从句时，置于句首（修饰主语时除外）
Only in this way can we succeed in the experiment.（倒装句起强调作用）
= In this way, we can succeed in the experiment. （也可以采用不倒装的形式）
只有这样我们才能在实验中取得成功。( way后面如果加逗号就不用倒装)
Only when the war was over, was he able to get back to work.
只有战争结束后，他才能回去工作。
Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
4. 在“so (such)…that”结构中
在so (such)…that结构中，so或such位于句首加强语气、以示强调，其后的系动词be则要移到主语前面，形成主谓的完全倒装。在“so + 副词…that分句”结构中，如将“so + 副词”置于句首时，其后的主谓作部分倒装。
So angry was he that he couldn’t speak.
他气得说不出话来。
So moved was she that she could not say a word.
她激动得一句话也说不出来。
So loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him.他的声音那么大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。
So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.光速如此之快，我们很难想象。
知识点一 在There be/seem/ live/lie/fly/exist等存在句中的全部倒装
例1：Long ago, _________ a king with his three lovely daughters.
A. lived there B. live there C. there lived D. lived there
【答案】C
【解析】句意：很久以前，有一个国王和他的三个可爱的女儿住在一起。在there be / seem / appear / live / stand / lie / fly / exist / remain等存在句中，需要把全部的谓语动词放在主语之前，句型为：there + be/ live等，构成全部倒装。所以选择答案为C。
变式训练
1）Look, _________ that bookshop I was telling you about.
A. there is B. is there C. there will be D. will be there
2）_________ many tall buildings in our school and ________ a large wheat field in front of it.
A. There stand；there lays B. Stand there；there lies
C. There stand；there lies D. There stand；lies there
知识点二 在表示时间、地点和动作转移等副词置于句首时的倒装
例2：Suddenly, _________ with a mask on his face。
A. a man in came B. in a man came
C. in came a man D. came in a man
【答案】C
【解析】句意：突然，进来了一个戴着面罩的人。此句子采用的是倒装句，为强调动作是突然发生的，在这样的情况下，有表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如：here、there、now、then、up、down、in、away、out等，为强调，要将其置于句首。置于句首时，为了能生动地描述情景而采用倒装语序，所以把in置于前面，这时要把主语和谓语进行到装，把a man came in转为in came a man，in提前，与a man came进行倒装。故选择答案C。
变式训练2：
1）The bell rings. _________ from the classroom.
A. Rush the boys and girls out B. Out the boys and girls rush
C. Rash out the boys and girls D. Out rush the boys and girls
2）Look! _________. You must be careful.
A. There the train comes B. Comes there the train
C. There comes the train D. The train there comes
知识点三 部分倒装（so，neither，either的用法）
例3：So much of interest __________ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all．
A．offers Beijing B．Beijing offers
C．does Beijing offer D．Beijing does offer
【答案】C
【解析】句意：北京旅游景点如此多，以至于游客根本没有时间能够游玩完所有的地方。考查固定句式运用于倒装句。so… that…意为“如此……以至于……”。根据语法规则当so… that…结构中的so + adj./adv．位于句首时，主句要引起部分倒装，所以排除A、B、D三项。故选择答案C。
变式训练3：
1）Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and __________．
A. I was neither B. neither was I C. I was either D. either was I
2）If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party __________.
A. he will either B. neither will he
C. he neither will D. either he will
知识点四 部分倒装（only，seldom的用法）
例4：Only when I left my parents for Italy ____________ how much I loved them．
A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize
【答案】D
【解析】句意：直到我离开父母的时候，才意识到我多么爱他们。only位于句首修饰状语时，句子用倒装，即助动词提到主语前面。根据状语从句中谓语动词的时态可知用一般过去时。故选择答案D。
变式训练4：
1）It was announced that only when the fire was under control _________ to return to their homes.
A. the residents would be permitted B. had the residents been permitted
C. would the residents be permitted D. the residents had been permitted
2）Seldom____________ video games ever since they entered college.
A. they have played B. they played
C. have they played D. they have played
知识点五 虚拟条件句中含有had，were，should时需要倒装
例5：_________ the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily.
Had it not been for B. If it were not
C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for
【答案】D
【解析】句意：如果不是因为有云，你会很容易找到天空中的飞机。该句子是一个含有省略形式的虚拟语气的句子，是省略if的倒装句。当从句的谓语动词含有were，should，had时，if可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序，即把were，should，had等词置于句首。该句子是对现在事实相反的假设，所以排除答案A和C。答案D强调了找不到飞机的原因是因为天上有云；而答案B的意思是如果天上不是云，显然表达不清。故选择答案D。
变式训练5：
1）__________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
2）__________ hard, he would have passed the exam.
A. If he were to work B. Had he worked
C. Should he work D. Were he to work
1.（2019 重庆模拟卷 27）___________, he talks a lot about his favourite singers after class.?
A.?A quiet student as he may be? B.?Quiet student as he may be
C.?Be a quiet student as he may D.?Quiet as he may be a student
2.（2019 湖北模拟卷 31） _________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
? A. Would you be ?????B. Should you be ?????C. Could you be ? D.Might you be
3.（2019 哈工大附中模拟卷）I failed in the examination last term and only then ________ the importance of studies.
A.I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize
4.（2019 广东卷 单项填空 32）The old couple married for 40 year and never once ___________ with each other.
A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled
C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled
5.（2019 上海模拟卷 单项填空38）Only when your identity has been checked, ___________ .
A. your are allowed in B. you will be allowed in
C. will you allowed in D. will you be allowed in
一、选择题（Choose the best answer）
1. There _________. I'll answer it。
A. the phone goes B. the phone has gone
C. goes the phone D. has gone the phone
2. _________ you eat the correct foods ________ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.
A. only if；will you B. Only if；you will
C. Unless；will you D. Unless；you will
3. __________ hard, he would have passed the exam.
If he were to work B. Had he worked
C. Should he work D. Were he to work
4. -- How was the televised debate last night?
-- Super! Rarely __________ so much media attention.
A. a debate attracted B. did a debate attract
C. a debate did attract D. attracted a debate
5. Little __________ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business.
A. he realized B. he didn’t realize
C. didn’t he realize D. did he realize
6. I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom _________ so lonely as now.
A. have I felt B. I had felt C. I have felt D. Had I felt
7. --It’s burning hot today, isn’t it?
--Yes. ________yesterday.
A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it
8. --I reminded you not to forget the appointment.
-- _________ .
A. So you did B. So I do not C. So did you D. So do I
9. --Did Linda see the traffic accident?
--No, no sooner ______ than it happened.
A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she gone D. she has gone
10. So difficult __________ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.
A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I found
11. --My room gets very cold at night.
--____________.
A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does
12. _________ the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily.
A. Had it not been for B. If it were not
C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for
13. Lying about _________.
A. the floor are on books and magazines
B. on the floor books and magazines are
C. are books and magazines on the floor
D. on the floor are books and magazines
14. Just in front of our house __________ with a history of 1,000 years.
A. does a tall tree stand B. stands a tall tree
C. a tall tree is standing D. a tall tree stands
15. _________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. Would you be B. Should you be
C. Will have been working D. Had worked
16. Only then_________ how much damage had been caused.
A. she realized B. she had realized
C. had she realized D. did she realize
17. Never in my wildest dreams_________ these people are living in such poor conditions．
A．I could imagine B．could I imagine
C．I couldn’t imagine D．couldn’t I imagine
18. Mary never does any reading in the evening, _________.
A．so does John B．John does too
C．John doesn’t too D．nor does John
19. They have a good knowledge of English but little _______they know about German.
A. have B. did C. had D. do
20. I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _______ with my progress.
A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfied
C. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied
第三十讲 倒装句
(解析卷)
黑龙江哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
英语中倒装句的应用比较广泛，是英语的一种重要的语言现象，也是英语的一种习惯用法。在历年高考试题中，倒装句都是各地高考中的难点和热点，在各地高考试题中都有不同程度的体现，而且在近年的高考试题中出现的频率越来越高，涉及面也较广泛，是高考试卷中比较重要语法项目。教师在辅导学生进行倒装句复习的时候，首先要注重对其语言知识进行梳理，夯实基础知识，掌握核心内容，避免偏题、难题和怪题；教师要注意把有关省略句的语法现象从横向与纵向进行融会贯通，通过对语言知识的梳理提高学生借助语法知识进行阅读与写作能力。因此，教师要逐条列出学生出容易出现错误的问题，通过典型例句的讲解和巩固训练提高学生的语言应用能力。
I. 倒装句概述（Summary of Inverted Sentences）
倒装句是英语修辞句式的一种，它是为了强调某一句子成分而改变其结构顺序的句子形式。句子采用倒装的目的：一是为了句子的需要；二是为了语法结构的需要。英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但当某些句子需要表示强调时，就常常采用倒装形式。倒装句可分为部分倒装和完全倒装。将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装，只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装。此外，还有强调性倒装和以so、neither、nor开头的句子倒装。 倒装有两种情况：部分倒装（主语和助动词倒置）和全部倒装（主语和谓语完全倒置）。倒装句的使用有两方面的意义：一是适应一定的语法结构的需要（疑问句的句型结构）；二是起强调作用，把要强调部分放到句首，构成倒装句。总之，为了句子意义的需要，强调句子的某一内容，使上下文衔接紧密；或为了保持句子平衡而采用倒装语句。
Was the People's Liberation Army founded in 1927?
中国解放军是在1927年组建的么? （疑问句结构，部分倒装）
Never have I been late for school this term.
这学期我上学从未迟到。（强调作用，部分倒装）
Out rushed the children. 孩子们冲出去了。（强调状语，全部倒装）
Away went the boy. 那个男孩走了。（强调状语，全部倒装）
II. 部分倒装
1. 大部分疑问句（疑问词作主语或修饰主语时除外）
What are you going to be when you grow up?
你长大后会成为什么样的人？
Who is going to be a teacher when you grow up? （疑问词作主语不倒装）
你长大后谁当老师？
2. there be +主语
There is no room for compromise on this matter.
在这个问题上没有调和的余地。
There is one word too many in this sentence.
这个句子多了一个字。
3. so，neither，nor常用倒装句
He likes singing, so does she.
他喜欢唱歌，她也喜欢。
I never learned to swim and neither did they.
我从没学过游泳，他们也没有。
4. May表示祝愿时
May you succeed.
祝你成功。
May you continue in your effort and achieve new and greater success.
祝你继续努力，取得新的、更大的成绩。
5. though从句的转换形式
Child as he is, he can do the work well.
=Though he is a child, he can do the work well.
尽管他是个孩子，但他能把工作做好。
Young as she is, she knows a lot about computer.
= Though she is young, she knows a lot about computer.
虽然她很年轻，但对电脑了解很多。
III. 全部倒装
1. here, there置于句首，谓语是be，come，go，lie，live，sit，stand，rise，walk，run等表方位或转移的动词，且名词作主语时
There goes the bell.
铃响了。
Here comes the bus.
公共汽车来了。
2. out，in，up，down，away，off，back，now，then置于句首，名词作主语时
Out rushed the boys. 男孩儿们冲出去了。
Away went the children. 孩子们走了
3. 为保持句子平衡或强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衍接时，用完全倒装
On top of the hill stands a tall tree.
山顶上有一棵大树。
Inside the pyramids are burial rooms.
金字塔里面是墓室。
Among them was Li Ping.
其中有李平。
IV. 为了意义、强调、语法结构等的需要而使用倒装
1. 为句子意义需要，强调句子某一内容，使上下文衔接紧密，保持句子平衡
1）句子谓语是go，come，run等表示位置的动词和be动词，用到装。
句子谓语是go，come，run等表示位置的动词和be动词，句中又有表示方位的副词（如the re，here，up，down，out，in，away等），为了强调该副词，将其放句首，将谓语动词全部置于主语之前。
Here comes the train to Beijing.
去北京的火车来了。
There goes the bell.铃响了。
Down came the rain.下雨了。
2）为了强调句中的状语或表语，保持句子平衡或上下文衔接紧密，可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装。
At the front of the hall sat the headmaster.
校长坐在大厅的前部。
In this paragraph can be found an answer.
在这段里能找到答案。
3）为了强调only及其所修饰的状语（通常是副词、介词短语或从句），则将它们移到句首，句中的主谓作部分倒装。
Only then did we realize that the man was blind.
直到那时我们才发现那个人是盲人。
Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.直到1918年战争结束后，他才得以愉快地重返工作岗位。
4）将含有否定意义的副词（never，seldom，not，not until，little，hardly等）置于句首以示强调时，句中的主谓作部分倒装（修饰主语时除外）。
Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started.
我刚到公共汽车站，公共汽车就开动了。
Not until he grew up did he realize he was wrong.
直到长大他才意识到自己错了。
Seldom in my life have I met so determined a person.
一生中我很少见到如此果断的人。
5）为了强调“not a+名词”或“not a single+名词”结构，将其置于句首时，句中的主谓作部分倒装。
Not a word did he say at the last meeting.
在上次会议上他一句话都没说。
6）Hardly…when，no sooner…than，not only…but also引导两个分句时，将前一个分句中的主谓作部分倒装，后一个分句中的主谓语序不变。
Hardly had he began to speak when his father stopped him.他刚开口发言就被父亲制止了。
No sooner had I left my house than it began to rain.
我刚刚离开家就下雨了。
2. 由于语法结构的需要而使用倒装
1）“So+助动词+主语”是一种常用于对前面所说的情况作简短回答的句型。
I was late and so was she.
我迟到了，她也迟到了。
They loves having a lots of friends，so do those with disabilities.
他们喜欢广交朋友，残疾人也一样。
2）“Neither/Nor + 助动词 +主语”用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样看法。
She won't go. Neither/Nor will I.
她不走，我也不。
I cannot swim. Neither can he.
我不会游泳，他也不会。
3）当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had，were或should等时，可以省略if，把助动词were，should，had提前，作部分或完全倒装。
Were I you, I would do that.
如果我是你，我就会那样做。
Had he succeeded, he would have acquired a monopoly
要是他当时成功了，他就会取得垄断地位。
Had you come yesterday，you would have seen him.
若你昨天来，你就会见到他了。
1. 句子谓语是go，come，run等表示位置的动词和be动词用到装；但主语是人称代词时不倒装。
Here you are. 给你。
There it is. 就在那里。
Here we are. 我们到了。
Away he went. 他走了。
Then she went to the shop. 然后她去了商店。
Away he comes.他来了。
Here it comes.它来了。
2. 两个分句是的倒装问题
在Hardly…when，no sooner…than等引导两个分句时，前一个分句中的主谓作部分倒装，后一个分句中的主谓语序不变。但是，当neither/not…nor引导两个分句时，两个分句中的主谓均要倒装。
Neither do I know her address，nor does he.
我不知道她的地址，他也不知道.
Not could the patient eat，nor could he drink.
那个病人既不能吃，也不能喝。
3. only修饰状语/副词/介词短语/状语从句时，置于句首（修饰主语时除外）
Only in this way can we succeed in the experiment.（倒装句起强调作用）
= In this way, we can succeed in the experiment. （也可以采用不倒装的形式）
只有这样我们才能在实验中取得成功。( way后面如果加逗号就不用倒装)
Only when the war was over, was he able to get back to work.
只有战争结束后，他才能回去工作。
Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
4. 在“so (such)…that”结构中
在so (such)…that结构中，so或such位于句首加强语气、以示强调，其后的系动词be则要移到主语前面，形成主谓的完全倒装。在“so + 副词…that分句”结构中，如将“so + 副词”置于句首时，其后的主谓作部分倒装。
So angry was he that he couldn’t speak.
他气得说不出话来。
So moved was she that she could not say a word.
她激动得一句话也说不出来。
So loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him.他的声音那么大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。
So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.光速如此之快，我们很难想象。
知识点一 在There be/seem/ live/lie/fly/exist等存在句中的全部倒装
例1：Long ago, _________ a king with his three lovely daughters.
A. lived there B. live there C. there lived D. lived there
【答案】C
【解析】句意：很久以前，有一个国王和他的三个可爱的女儿住在一起。在there be / seem / appear / live / stand / lie / fly / exist / remain等存在句中，需要把全部的谓语动词放在主语之前，句型为：there + be/ live等，构成全部倒装。所以选择答案为C。
变式训练1：Look, _________ that bookshop I was telling you about.
1）A. there is B. is there C. there will be D. will be there
【答案】D
【解析】句意：瞧，我告诉你的就是那家书店。在there be / seem / appear / live / stand / lie / fly / exist / remain等存在句中，需要把全部的谓语动词放在主语之前，构成全部倒装。所以选择答案为A。
2）_________ many tall buildings in our school and ________ a large wheat field in front of it.
A. There stand；there lays B. Stand there；there lies
C. There stand；there lies D. There stand；lies there
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我们学校里耸立着许多高楼，校门口是一大片麦田。先排除A选项，lays是产卵、摆、放的单数第三人称；在there be / seem / appear / live / stand / lie / fly / exist / remain等存在句中，需要把全部的谓语动词放在主语之前，构成全部倒装；故选择答案C。
知识点二 在表示时间、地点和动作转移等副词置于句首时的倒装
例2：Suddenly, _________ with a mask on his face。
A. a man in came B. in a man came
C. in came a man D. came in a man
【答案】C
【解析】句意：突然，进来了一个戴着面罩的人。此句子采用的是倒装句，为强调动作是突然发生的，在这样的情况下，有表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如：here、there、now、then、up、down、in、away、out等，为强调，要将其置于句首。置于句首时，为了能生动地描述情景而采用倒装语序，所以把in置于前面，这时要把主语和谓语进行到装，把a man came in转为in came a man，in提前，与a man came进行倒装。故选择答案C。
变式训练2：
1）The bell rings. _________ from the classroom.
A. Rush the boys and girls out B. Out the boys and girls rush
C. Rash out the boys and girls D. Out rush the boys and girls
【答案】D
【解析】句意：铃响了，孩子们冲出教室。表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如here、there、now、then、up、down、in、away、out等置于句首时，为使生动地描述情景而采用全部倒装语序。该句子为生动地描述孩子们冲出教师的情景，需要把副词out置于句首，故选择答案D。
2）Look! _________. You must be careful.
A. There the train comes B. Comes there the train
C. There comes the train D. The train there comes
【答案】C
【解析】句意：看！火车来了。你必须小心。表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如here、there、now、then、up、down、in、away、out等置于句首时，为使生动地描述情景而采用全部倒装语序。需要把there置于句首。故选择答案C。
知识点三 部分倒装（so，neither，either的用法）
例3：So much of interest __________ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all．
A．offers Beijing B．Beijing offers
C．does Beijing offer D．Beijing does offer
【答案】C
【解析】句意：北京旅游景点如此多，以至于游客根本没有时间能够游玩完所有的地方。考查固定句式运用于倒装句。so… that…意为“如此……以至于……”。根据语法规则当so… that…结构中的so + adj./adv．位于句首时，主句要引起部分倒装，所以排除A、B、D三项。故选择答案C。
变式训练3：
1）Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and __________．
A. I was neither B. neither was I C. I was either D. either was I
【答案】B
【解析】句意：―贝尔听说乔森的报告会推迟后感到非常不高兴。—我也是。neither表否定时，用于句首引起部分倒装的结构，根据前半句的信息词（wasn’t）提示，应该选B项neither was I．根据以上原则和要求，可判断A项未倒装，C、D两项中的either无此用法，而且表示肯定语意不合情景要求。故选择答案B。
2）If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party __________.
A. he will either B. neither will he
C. he neither will D. either he will
【答案】B
【解析】句意：如果Joe的妻子不愿意去参加聚会，他也不愿意去。neither +倒装句意为：……也不。根据所提供的情景If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party可判断出：他也不愿意去。will用于条件状语从句时，是情态动词，意为：愿意。either用于否定句,正确的形式是：he won’t either。故选择答案B。
知识点四 部分倒装（only，seldom的用法）
例4：Only when I left my parents for Italy ____________ how much I loved them．
A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize
【答案】D
【解析】句意：直到我离开父母的时候，才意识到我多么爱他们。only位于句首修饰状语时，句子用倒装，即助动词提到主语前面。根据状语从句中谓语动词的时态可知用一般过去时。故选择答案D。
变式训练4：
1）It was announced that only when the fire was under control _________ to return to their homes.
A. the residents would be permitted B. had the residents been permitted
C. would the residents be permitted D. the residents had been permitted
【答案】C
【解析】句意：据宣布，只有在火势得到控制的情况下，居民才可以回家。only+状语从句位于句首，主句要部分倒装，根据题意应用过去将来时，故选择答案C。
2）Seldom____________ video games ever since they entered college.
A. they have played B. they played
C. have they played D. they have played
【答案】C
【解析】句意：自从上大学以来，他们很少玩电子游戏。seldom位于句首句子要倒装，而且句中有since引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时。故选答案C。
知识点五 虚拟条件句中含有had，were，should时需要倒装
例5：_________ the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily.
Had it not been for B. If it were not
C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for
【答案】D
【解析】句意：如果不是因为有云，你会很容易找到天空中的飞机。该句子是一个含有省略形式的虚拟语气的句子，是省略if的倒装句。当从句的谓语动词含有were，should，had时，if可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序，即把were，should，had等词置于句首。该句子是对现在事实相反的假设，所以排除答案A和C。答案D强调了找不到飞机的原因是因为天上有云；而答案B的意思是如果天上不是云，显然表达不清。故选择答案D。
变式训练5：
1）__________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
【答案】B
【解析】句意：如果明天下雨，我们就不得不推迟参观杨浦大桥。这个句子在没有省略前应该是if it should rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. 所表达的是明天很可能会下雨，我们只好推迟参观杨浦大桥这个活动。当从句的谓语动词含有were，should，had时，if可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序，即把were，should，had等词置于句首。故选择答案B。
2）__________ hard, he would have passed the exam.
A. If he were to work B. Had he worked
C. Should he work D. Were he to work
【答案】B
【解析】句意：如果他努力学习，他就会通过考试了。这个句子也是一个带有省略形式的虚拟条件句，没有省略之前应该是If he had worked hard, he would have passed the exam. 当从句的谓语动词含有were，should，had时，if可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序，即把were，should，had等词置于句首。故选择答案B。
1.（2019 重庆模拟卷 27）___________, he talks a lot about his favourite singers after class.?
A.?A quiet student as he may be? B.?Quiet student as he may be
C.?Be a quiet student as he may D.?Quiet as he may be a student
【答案】B
【解析】句意：尽管他可能是个沉默寡言的学生，但课下谈论喜爱的歌手时，他话却很多。在as引导的让步状语从句倒装时，名词前冠词应省略，as引导的让步状语从句通常将表语或修饰谓语动词的副词提前至as前面。这里的as 相当于though意思是“虽然、尽管”。应注意被提前的名词前不用冠词a/an,the。所以选择答案B。
2.（2019 湖北模拟卷 31） _________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
? A. Would you be ?????B. Should you be ?????C. Could you be ? D.Might you be
【答案】B
【解析】句意：如果你被解雇，你的医疗和其他福利不会立即被切断。在if条件句中含有had，were，should时，可采用倒装句式，把had，were，should放在句首，省略if。所以选择答案B。
3.（2019 哈工大附中模拟卷）I failed in the examination last term and only then ________ the importance of studies.
A.I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize
【答案】D
【解析】句意：上学期期末考试我没有及格，只有在那时我才意识到了学习的重要性。Only then修饰句子的状语（从句），位于句首时句子（主句）要部分倒装；其句型为：only+状语/状语从句+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语。所以选择答案D。
4.（2019 广东卷 单项填空 32）The old couple married for 40 year and never once ___________ with each other.
A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled
C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled
【答案】C
【解析】句意：这对老夫妇结婚40年了，从来没有吵架过。该题考查的是never表示否定时，位于句首，引起部分倒装结构。答案A、B不符合，排除；答案D的时态不符合，因为说的事情不是过去发生的。故选答案C。
5.（2019 上海模拟卷 单项填空38）Only when your identity has been checked, ___________ .
A. your are allowed in B. you will be allowed in
C. will you allowed in D. will you be allowed in
【答案】D
【解析】句意：只有你的身份被核实后，你才会被允许进入。考查only+when从句放在句首时，用部分倒装。故选答案D。
一、选择题（Choose the best answer）
1. There _________. I'll answer it。
A. the phone goes B. the phone has gone
C. goes the phone D. has gone the phone
【答案】C
【解析】句意：电话响了。我会接的。表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如here、there、now、then、up、down、in、away、out等置于句首时，为使生动地描述情景而采用倒装语序。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。故选择答案C。
2. _________ you eat the correct foods ________ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.
A. only if；will you B. Only if；you will
C. Unless；will you D. Unless；you will
【答案】A
【解析】句意：你只有吃正确的食物，才能保持健康。only if（只有），only+状语结构放在句首时，句子要用倒装语序。故选择答案A。
3. __________ hard, he would have passed the exam.
If he were to work B. Had he worked
C. Should he work D. Were he to work
【答案】B
【解析】句意：如果他努力学习，他就会通过考试了。这个句子也是一个带有省略形式的虚拟条件句，没有省略之前应该是If he had worked hard, he would have passed the exam. 当从句的谓语动词含有were，should，had时，if可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序，即把were，should，had等词置于句首。故选择答案B。
4. -- How was the televised debate last night?
-- Super! Rarely __________ so much media attention.
A. a debate attracted B. did a debate attract
C. a debate did attract D. attracted a debate
【答案】B
【解析】句意：—昨晚的电视辩论怎么样？—超级！很少有媒体如此关注。rarely意为：极少有地，是否定词。以否定词开头的句子要进行倒装，即把助动词放在主语前。故答案为B。
5. Little __________ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business.
A. he realized B. he didn’t realize
C. didn’t he realize D. did he realize
【答案】D
【解析】句意：他几乎没有意识到我们在观察着他的一举一动，所以他好像在他的生意上是自己在做似的。little是否定词，以否定词开头的句子要进行倒装，即把助动词移至主语前。又因为little是否定词，所以不能与否定句连用。所以选项C是错误的。故选择答案D。
6. I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom _________ so lonely as now.
A. have I felt B. I had felt C. I have felt D. Had I felt
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我在美国生活了二十年，但很少像现在这样感到孤独。seldom是否定词，意为：很少。以否定词开头的句子要进行倒装，即把助动词移至主语前。根据时间状语now可确定用现在完成时，表示从过去的某时开始一直延续到现在的情况，表示从过去到现在很少像现在那么孤独。过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即过去的过去，所以选项D是错误的；选项B和C不是倒装语序，应排除。故选择答案A。
7. --It’s burning hot today, isn’t it?
--Yes. ________yesterday.
A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it
【答案】A
【解析】句意：—今天很热，是吗？—是的，昨天也是。由so+助动词 (be / do / will / have) / 情态动词＋主语表示：……也是一样。so was yesterday表示昨天的天气与今天一样，都非常的热。故选择答案A。
8. --I reminded you not to forget the appointment.
-- _________ .
A. So you did B. So I do not C. So did you D. So do I
【答案】A
【解析】句意：— 我提醒你不要忘记预约。— 所以你做到了。根据题意后一句是对前一句的肯定。So you did表示赞同前面的话，而So did you是倒装，表示：你也是。故选择答案A。
9. --Did Linda see the traffic accident?
--No, no sooner ______ than it happened.
A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she gone D. she has gone
【答案】A
【解析】句意：—琳达看到交通事故了吗？—没有，她刚一走，事故就发生了。no sooner … than …意为“一……就……”，no sooner从句中的谓语要用过去完成时，than从句中的谓语要用一般过去时。以no sooner开头的句子需要倒装。故选择答案A。
10. So difficult __________ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.
A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I found
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我发现解决这个问题很困难，所以决定向汤姆征求意见。以so +形容词开头的句子要进行倒装，构成：so +形容词 +倒装+ that从句的结构。表示：……那么……，以至于……。故选择答案B。
11. --My room gets very cold at night.
--____________.
A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does
【答案】C
【解析】句意：—我的房间晚上很冷。—我的房间也很冷。以so开头的句子要进行倒装,表示：……也是如此。根据上文中的My room gets very cold at night.中的动词gets可确定是：So does mine，表示我的房间也一样冷。故选择答案C。
12. _________ the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily.
A. Had it not been for B. If it were not
C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for
【答案】D
【解析】句意：如果不是因为有云，你会很容易找到天空中的飞机。该句子是一个含有省略形式的虚拟语气的句子，是省略if的倒装句。当从句的谓语动词含有were，should，had时，if可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序，即把were，should，had等词置于句首。该句子是对现在事实相反的假设，所以排除答案A和C。答案D强调了找不到飞机的原因是因为天上有云；而答案C的意思是如果天上不是云，显然表达不清。故选择答案D。
13. Lying about _________.
A. the floor are on books and magazines
B. on the floor books and magazines are
C. are books and magazines on the floor
D. on the floor are books and magazines
【答案】D
【解析】句意：地板上摆满了书和杂志。为了使句子结构平衡，或让上下文衔接紧密，而将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，引起倒装。只有答案D符合语法要求；故选择答案D。
14. Just in front of our house __________ with a history of 1,000 years.
A. does a tall tree stand B. stands a tall tree
C. a tall tree is standing D. a tall tree stands
【答案】B
【解析】句意：就在我们的房子前面，矗立着一棵有1000年历史的大树。为了强调状语，把状语部分放在句首，句子的主谓语要到装（正常语序是a tall tree stands）。故选择答案B。
15. _________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. Would you be B. Should you be
C. Will have been working D. Had worked
【答案】B
【解析】句意：如果你被解雇，你的医疗保障和其他利益不会立即停掉。与将来事实相反，相当于if you should be fired，省略了if，并倒装（当从句的谓语动词含有were，should，had时，if可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序，即把were，should，had等词置于句首）。故选择答案B。
16. Only then_________ how much damage had been caused.
A. she realized B. she had realized
C. had she realized D. did she realize
【答案】D
【解析】句意：直到那时，她才意识到造成了多大的损害。only位于句首修饰状语时，句子需要用倒装，即助动词提到主语前面。根据状语从句中谓语动词的时态可知用过去时态。故选择答案D。
17. Never in my wildest dreams_________ these people are living in such poor conditions．
A．I could imagine B．could I imagine
C．I couldn’t imagine D．couldn’t I imagine
【答案】B
【解析】 句意：在我最狂野的梦中，我永远无法想象这些人生活在如此恶劣的环境中。以never开头的句子要进行倒装。即把情态动词放在主语前。never意为“从来没有，一点也不”，只用于肯定句，不用于否定句。所以选项D错误故；选择答案B。
18. Mary never does any reading in the evening, _________.
A．so does John B．John does too
C．John doesn’t too D．nor does John
【答案】D
【解析】句意：玛丽晚上从不读书，约翰也不读书。nor +倒装句表示：也不。在否定句中不能用too，所以选项C是错误的；故选择答案D。
19. They have a good knowledge of English but little _______they know about German.
A. have B. did C. had D. do
【答案】D
【解析】句意：他们英语很好，但对德语却知之甚少。little是否定词，以否定词开头的句子要倒装。根据谓语know可确定应选do，do后接动词原形。故选择答案D。
20. I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _______ with my progress.
A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfied
C. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我努力提高英语水平。但老师对我的进步并不满意。by no means意为“决不，没有”，以by no means开头的句子要进行倒装，即把助动词放在主语之前。故选择答案D。
