2019-2020学年高一下学期训练卷
必修三Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
英 语 （一）
（本卷满分100分）
一、单词拼写（每小题1.5分，共15分）
1.Today all of us face the problems of________(气候) change, shortage of energy and other natural resources.
2.A family-friendly________(气氛) in this hotel makes travelers comfortable.
3.A truck went out of control and________(碰撞) into the back of a bus.
4.As we all know, Qiesenan Xu is a famous________(物理学家).
5.In old times people had a________(理论) that the world was flat.
6.They have almost spent as much as one________(十亿) dollars on this project.
7.Because of the________(猛烈的) natural disaster, a lot of people have lost their lives.
8.People suffering hunger still________(存在) in many parts of the world today.
9.Smoking is________(有害的) to health, but there are still many people picking it up.
10.Some people are still________(迷惑的) about how the computer works.
二、单句语法填空（每小题1.5分，共15分）
11．Mary is very proud because her father is ______ astronaut.
12．They don’t allow ______ (park) in front of the office.
13．It’s your turn ______ (give) a presentation in front of the class.
14．Tom, as well as his parents, ______ (watch) TV at present.
15．It seems to me ______ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
16．It is uncertain ______ side effects the medicine will bring.
17．It is still under discussion ______ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
18．______ struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.
19. He arrived home，________(exhaust).
20. China is one of the countries most affected by (globe) warming.
三、翻译句子（每小题2分，共20分）
21．________________________________________（太空旅行所需的）is careful preparations.
22．It will soon be announced _______________________________（谁获得第一名）.
23．______________________________________________________（杨利伟从太空中安然着陆地球）made all Chinese exited and cheerful.
24．It is still unknown _________________________（他什么时候入党的）.
25．_________________________________________________（宇航员在太空中如何吃饭、睡觉和行走）is very strange and interesting.
26．__________________________________________（地球与其它行星在哪方面不同）is what are most interested in.
27．It remains a secret __________________________（他为什么突然变卦）.
28．__________________________________________(何时战争才会从世上消失) is hard to say.
29．(最令人满意的是)______________________________was that they finished the work in time.
30．（怎样提高我们的学习成绩）______________________ is what we are most concerned about.
四、阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共20分）
A
The Mystery of Dark Matter
If you look at the night sky, you'll often see stars moving very quickly. In fact, they move much more quickly than they should according to their size and the laws of physics. Scientists do not completely understand why the speed of these stars is so high. But many believe the reason is that much of the universe is made up of something called “dark matter”. Groups of stars called galaxies, such as the Milky Way, might even consist of ninety per cent dark matter.
How much something weighs depends on where it is. The same object weighs only half as much on Mars as it does on Earth and almost three times as much on Jupiter. So scientists prefer to talk about the mass of something rather than how much it weighs, because mass does not change. They can work out the mass of galaxies by measuring the distance between them and the speed they move. Recently, Dr. Jorge Penarrubia and a team from Edinburgh University discovered something interesting. The mass of the Milky Way is only half as much as the mass of another nearby galaxy, Andromeda. This seems strange, but dark matter may explain why.
Finding out more about dark matter could help us understand how the universe began, but this is not easy. Lots of scientists with different types of expert knowledge are working on the problem. The Edinburgh team is working with many other universities like the University of British Columbia.
We can't see dark matter, it's very difficult to measure and we can't find out its mass. Unlike stars, dark matter doesn't produce or reflect light. But we can make a good guess that it is there because of the way things move and the way light bends. Experts now think dark mater may be very different from the mater which we find on Earth. There may also be five times as much dark matter in the universe as ordinary matter.
The Swiss scientist Fritz Zwicky first gave dark matter its name in the nineteen-thirties. Researchers have been looking for it ever since. Today, technology such as the Large Hadron Collider is collecting more and more information but this technology cannot tell us everything. New ways of finding dark matter will be needed. Investigating dark matter may even mean we will need to start asking questions about the way we look at the universe, including the ideas of Albert Einstein.
31．In what way do scientists find out the mass of galaxies？
A．Depending on where they are.
B．Depending on how much they weigh.
C．According to the way they move and the laws of physics.
D．By calculating how far between them and how fast they move.
32．Which of the following statements about dark matter is NOT TRUE？
A．It can't be seen.
B．It doesn't reflect light.
C．It is not unlike ordinary matter.
D．It affects the movement of things.
33．What may get researchers looking for dark matter？
A．To change the way light bends.
B．To prove the ideas of Albert Einstein.
C．To collect more and more information.
D．To help understand the origin of the universe.
34．Which heading best matches Paragraph 5?
A．It's there but we can't see it.
B．Sharing ideas leads to success.
C．We may need to change the way we think.
D．What your eyes can see can't be fully explained.
B
Astronomers have taken the first ever image of a black hole, which is located in a distant galaxy (星系).The black hole is 500 million trillion km away and was photographed by a network of eight telescopes across the world. It was captured by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT).
The announcement was made in Washington, Brussels, Santiago, Shanghai, Taipei and Tokyo. Details have been published today in Astrophysical Journal Letters.
Prof Heino Falckc, of Radboud University in the Netherlands, who suggested the experiment, told BBC News that the black hole was found in a galaxy called M87. “What we see is larger than the size of our entire Solar System,” he said. “It has a mass 6.5 billion times that of the Sun. And it is one of the heaviest black holes that we think exists. It is an absolute monster, the heavyweight champion of black holes in the Universe.”
The image shows an intensely bright “ring of fire”, as Prof Falckc describes it, surrounding a perfectly circular dark hole. The bright halo is caused by very heated gas falling into the hole. The light is brighter than all the billions of other stars in the galaxy combined - which is why it can be seen at such distance from Earth. The edge of the dark circle at the center is the point at which the gas enters the black hole, which is an object that has such a large gravitational pull (万有引 力）,not even light can escape.
“It is remarkable that the image we observe is so similar to that which we get from our theoretical calculations. So far, it looks like Einstein is correct once again.” said Dr Ziri Younsi, of University College London -who is part of the EHT cooperation.
Chinese scientists were involved in the observation through a telescope in Hawaii. They were also highly involved in follow-up data processing and theoretical analysis, said Shen Zhiqiang, head of the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Shanhai Astronomical Observatory and a member of the EHT international team.
Shanghai and Taipei were selected as two of the cities to hold news conferences, together with Washington, Brussels, Santiago and Tokyo, recognition of China's contribution.
“In the fields of astronomy, radio astronomy, and space astrophysics, China has made a significant contribution to this global project,” Falcke said.
35．Who first got the idea for the project?
A．Shen Zhiqiang. B．Heino Falcke.
C．Albert Einstein. D．Ziri Younsi.
36．Why are six cities selected for the announcement?
A．It was the first black hole ever discovered.
B．It took eight telescopes to work together.
C．It was a joint effort of many countries.
D．It's the heaviest of black holes.
37．From the passage we know that in the experiment Chinese scientists ________.
A．started the experiment
B．led the experiment
C．provided the equipment
D．played an important role
38．What does Dr Ziri Younsi tell us about black holes in Paragraph 5?
A．Black holes can swallow up everything in the Universe.
B．Scientists knew about black holes before they see them.
C．Einstein has been proved wrong many times.
D．Black holes might be some make-up stories.
五、完形填空（每小题1.5分，共30分）
Today, I was sitting with some other students and teachers as the judges of the annual singing contest of Beijing National Day School (BNDS). Watching the wonderful performances on stage, I could not help 39 what happened last year.
Last year was the first year I came to the BNDS International Department. The first month at BNDS was almost a (n) 40 : Curiosity quickly 41 , replaced by a heavy workload. To make matters worse, I was 42 a total stranger in a new environment. When I was in trouble, I was too 43 to turn to anyone for help. I shut the door to the outside world.
I thought I might continue to 44 in darkness by myself, until one day, I saw the 45 of the annual singing contest. If I was not brave enough to communicate in words, maybe I could 46 my heart out. Having made my decision, I joined the audition (试镜). Luckily, I 47 among more than 100 contestants and entered the top 32. After another three rounds of competition, I made 48 to the finals together with three other contestants. 49 more and more students knew that I joined the contest, they went to watch my performance, volunteered to 50 for me and then shared my singing videos on social media. It seemed that I became well-known overnight.
Finally, the big day came. When I 51 the nerve to walk onstage, I could not believe my eyes. The dark theater was suddenly lit up by 52 sticks, which were like stars in a dark sky. “Come on, Becky!” A shout broke the silence, followed by kind laughter. When it became 53 again, I began to sing.
The music started, which drew me back to 54 . Now I might not remember clearly what songs I sang last year, but I would never forget the 55 in the darkness. ?From then on, I had my 56 , made friends, and I even joined the singing club. Singing opens the door 57 a brand-new world. I know I will stay at BNDS, and I won’t be 58 .
39．A．scanning B．recalling C．evaluating D．conveying
40．A．disaster B．turning C．growth D．alarm
41．A．distributed B．split C．existed D．faded
42．A．practically B．vitally C．elegantly D．digitally
43．A．exhausted B．shallow C．shy D．sharp
44．A．struggle B．sacrifice C．withdraw D．crash
45．A．detail B．sample C．application D．poster
46．A．dial B．sing C．try D．let
47．A．broke out B．came out C．stood out D．chewed out
48．A．myself B．it C．them D．itself
49．A．As B．Though C．While D．When
50．A．approve B．applaud C．vote D．qualify
51．A．filled in B．swelled up C．wound up D．got up
52．A．circulating B．linking C．crossing D．waving
53．A．stable B．quiet C．dull D．calm
54．A．truth B．fact C．reality D．case
55．A．lights B．devices C．receivers D. circumstances
56．A．companions B．fans C．opponents D．receptionists
57．A．of B．in C．to D．on
58．A．accessible B．casual C．abnormal D．alone
2019-2020学年高一下学期训练卷
必修三Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
英 语 （一）答案
一、单词拼写（每小题1.5分，共15分）
1. climate 2. atmosphere 3. crashed 4. physicist 5. theory
6. billion 7.violent 8.exist 9. harmful 10.puzzled
二、单句语法填空（每小题1.5分，共15分）
11．an 12．parking 13．to give 14．is watching 15．that
16．what 17．whether / if 18．What 19.exhausted 20.global
三、翻译句子（每小题2分，共20分）
21．What is needed for the space trip
22．who will come out first / take / get the first place
23．That Yang Liwei landed on the earth safe from space
24．when he joined the Party
25．How astronauts eat, sleep and walk in space
26．Where the earth is different from / differs from other planets
27．Why he suddenly changed his mind
28．When war will disappear from the world
29．What satisfied us most / What made us most satisfied / What was most satisfying
30．How we can improve our studies
四、阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共20分）
31-34 DCDC
本文是一篇科普说明文，主要介绍了人们对宇宙中的黑暗物质的认知及研究。
31．细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“They can work out the mass of galaxies by measuring the distance between them and the speed they move. ”可知科学家们根据星星之间的距离和移动速度计算出银河系的质量。故D项正确。
32．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“There may also be five times as much dark matter in the universe as ordinary matter.”可知黑暗物质和普通的物质并不相同。故C项说法是错误的。所以选择C项。
33．推理判断题。根据第三段前两句“Finding out more about dark matter could help us understand how the universe began, but this is not easy. Lots of scientists with different types of expert knowledge are working on the problem.”可知很多不同领域的科学家研究黑暗物质是因为它可以帮助我们理解宇宙的起源，也就是帮助我们理解宇宙。
34．段落大意题。根据本段三四句“Today, technology such as the Large Hadron Collider is collecting more and more information but this technology cannot tell us everything. New ways of finding dark matter will be needed.”可知the Large Hadron Collider等并不能告诉我们与黑暗物质相关的所有信息，我们需要新的研究方法。C项与本段中心思想一致，故选择C项。
35-38 BCDB
本文是一篇科普说明文。文章介绍的是“黑洞”的拍摄和科学家们为之做出的贡献。
35．细节理解题。根据第三段中Prof Heino Falckc, of Radboud University in the Netherlands, who suggested the experiment, told BBC News that the black hole was found in a galaxy called M87.“荷兰内梅亨大学的Heino Falckc教授提出了这个实验，他告诉BBC新闻，这个黑洞是在一个名为M87的星系中发现的。”可知，Heino Falcke首先想到这个计划的。故选B。
36．推理判断题。根据第二段“The announcement was made in Washington, Brussels, Santiago, Shanghai, Taipei and Tokyo. Details have been published today in Astrophysical Journal Letters.”该声明在华盛顿、布鲁塞尔、圣地亚哥、上海、台北和东京发表。详细内容已于今天发表在《天体物理学杂志通讯》上。”可知，之所以选择6个城市发布公告，是因为这是许多国家的共同努力。故选C。
37．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In the fields of astronomy, radio astronomy, and space astrophysics, China has made a significant contribution to this global project,” Falcke said.在天文学、射电天文学和空间天体物理学领域，中国为这个全球项目做出了重大贡献。可知，从文章中我们知道，在实验中，中国科学家发挥了重要作用。故选D。
38．推理判断题。根据第五段中“It is remarkable that the image we observe is so similar to that which we get from our theoretical calculations. So far, it looks like Einstein is correct once again.” said Dr Ziri Younsi.值得注意的是，我们观察到的图像与我们从理论计算中得到的非常相似。到目前为止，看来爱因斯坦又一次是正确的。可知，Ziri Younsi博士在第五段告诉了我们科学家们在看到黑洞之前就知道它们了。故选B。
五、完形填空（每小题1.5分，共30分）
39-43 BADAC 44-48 ADBCB 49-53 ACDDB 54-58CABCD
本文是一篇记叙文。作者在文中回忆了刚开始在BNDS遇到的困境。之后作者看到了BNDS的大赛海报，作者决定参加比赛，唱出心声。最后作者获得成功，收获了朋友。作者不再孤独。
39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：看着台上精彩的表演，我禁不住想起去年发生的事情。scanning浏览；recalling回忆起；evaluating评估；conveying传达。根据句意可知B选项正确。
40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在BNDS的第一个月对我来说简直就是灾难：好奇心消失，取而代之的是沉重的工作负担。disaster灾难；turning旋转，转向；growth成长；alarm警报。根据后文Curiosity quickly________, replaced by a heavy workload. To make matters worse, I was ______a total stranger in a new environment.可知当时工作压力大，对环境很陌生等让作者感觉很糟糕，因此A选项符合语境。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在BNDS的第一个月对我来说简直就是灾难：好奇心消失了，取而代之的是沉重的工作负担。distributed 分发；split 分裂；existed出现；faded消退。根据句意可知D选项符合语境。
42．考查副词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，在这个新环境里，我几乎就是个陌生人。A. practically实际上，几乎；B. vitally关键地； C. elegantly优雅地；D. digitally以数字方式。根据句意可知A选项符合语境。
43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我处于困境之中的时候，我太害羞了，就没向别人求助。我把通向外部世界的门关上了。exhausted疲劳的；shallow浅的；shy害羞的；sharp尖锐的。由上文可知，作者是一个新人，所以应该是感到“害羞”。故选C。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我认为我会继续独自在黑暗中挣扎，直到有一天，我看到了每年一度歌唱大赛的海报。struggle奋斗；sacrifice牺牲；withdraw撤退；crash撞击。上句When I was in trouble, I was too________ to turn to anyone for help. I shut the door to the outside world.提到了作者所处的困境，作者应该是在困境中挣扎。所以选项A正确。
45．考查名词词义辨析。根据下文Having made my decision, I joined the audition (试镜).可知作者去参加了试镜，所以当时作者看到的大赛的海报。故选D。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我不能勇敢地用语言与别人交流，那么我可以把自己的心思唱出来。接下来作者成功参加了比赛，就是要用歌唱的形式把自己的心思唱出来。故选B。
47．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我在众多选手中显现出来，并晋级32强。broke out爆发；came out生产，结果；stood out突出，显眼；chewed out发脾气。此处用stood out表示作者当时的表现很突出。故选C。
48．考查代词辨析。句意：在三轮比赛之后，我成功与三名其他选手进入决赛。make it成功做到。故选B。
49．考查连词辨析。句意：随着越来越多的学生知道我参加了比赛，他们开始来看我的表演，自愿为我投票并把我的歌唱视频分享到社交媒体上。As随着，当…时；Though尽管；While当……时；When当……时。此处as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”。故选A。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着越来越多的学生知道我参加了比赛，他们开始来看我的表演，自愿投票支持我并把我的歌唱视频分享到社交媒体上。approve同意；applaud鼓掌；vote投票；qualify使合格。vote for投票支持。故选C。
51．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当我鼓起勇气走上台的时候，我都不敢相信自己的眼睛。filled in填写；swelled up膨胀；wound up上发条，收尾； get up one’s nerve鼓起勇气。故选D。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：漆黑的剧院突然被挥舞的荧光棒照亮，就像夜空中闪烁的星星。circulating循环；linking连接；crossing穿过；waving挥手。作者上台时，台下的观众应该是在挥舞荧光棒。故选D。
53．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当一切安静下来的时候，我开始唱歌。stable稳定的；quiet安静的；dull枯燥的；calm冷静的。前面“Come on, Becky!” A shout broke the silence一声呐喊打破了寂静，接下来应该是观众们回归安静，等待作者歌唱。故选B。
54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：音乐开始了，把我拽会了现实中。前文都是作者回忆去年发生的事情，因此选项C正确。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我或许记不清去年唱的什么歌了，但是我永远不会忘记黑暗中的那些灯光。lights灯；devices设备；receivers接收器；circumstances情况。此处lights指的是观众挥舞的荧光棒发出的光。故选A。
56．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那开始，我有了自己的粉丝，朋友，我甚至加入了俱乐部。companions同伴；fans粉丝；opponents对手；receptionists接待员。根据句意可知只有B选项符合。companions与friends重复，C和D选项与语境不符。故选B。
57．考查介词辨析。句意：唱歌为我打开了一扇通往全新世界的门。the door to…通向……的门。故选C。
58．考查词形容词义辨析。句意：我知道我会留在BNDS，而且我不会再孤单。accessible可接近的；casual 随意的；abnormal不正常的； alone单独的。作者在BNDS收获了成功，更重要的是作者获得了朋友，因此，作者不再感到孤独。故选D。
2019-2020学年高一下学期训练卷
必修三Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
英 语 （二）
（本卷满分100分）
一、阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共25分）
A
The future is time that is to come. The future is not the present or the past. It is later. We have seen many possible futures in science fiction. They range from the world’s polar ice caps melting to nuclear winters. But not all futures are morbid. We have seen the human race spread all over our universe, humans and aliens living in harmony together all over the universe.
It is very likely that we will make some kind of breakthrough in our ability to travel through space sometime in the next 150 years. This would give us the ability to rule other planets.
Finally, the Earth will die whether it is in 1,000 years or 100,000 years. We will be forced to move to another planet then. It’s really just a matter of time. When we do so, what will we discover?
Personally, I think everyone will be speaking the same language in 200 years. A world government definitely seems to be in our future. It is stable and has few wars. Indeed, the only type of wars that can happen is the civil war.
And what if we face aliens? If they are friendly, we would probably benefit a lot from putting our knowledge together. They must have advanced technology to travel for great distances. We could benefit from their technology. But if they aren’t friendly, then we will be in trouble. Hope that we will have become advanced enough, smart enough, and generally a better race by the time we meet them. But this is all probably being discussed for nothing, because any race out there among the stars is probably as curious as we are about other creatures.
1．The underlined word “morbid” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by __________ .
A．unpleasant B．exciting
C．probable D．serious
2．What will humans do if the Earth dies?
A．Humans will have to face death. B．Humans will travel and live in space.
C．Humans will move to another planet. D．Humans will go back to the past time.
3．After reading the passage, we can know that the passage is based on __________ .
A．scientific facts B．time and space
C．science fiction D．the author’s imagination
B
Most maps show places you can visit and how to get there. Most maps, however, were not made by astronomers. At a recent meeting in Texas, three teams of these scientists presented new maps to show where dark matter was.
Dark matter neither produces nor reflects light, which means it's invisible (看不见) to human eyes and to most scientific instruments. That makes it a challenge to measure and study. What makes the matter more upset: Scientific measurements show that the universe holds about five times as much dark matter as ordinary matter. Making up the known part of the universe, ordinary matter includes you, your dog, Earth, the sun, stars and planets.
Scientists find dark matter in the same way, they discover other things we can't see by observing how the invisible matter affects things we can see. We can't see wind, for example, but we can feel a gentle wind or watch a windmill(风车)turning on a hill. Dark matter doesn't turn windmills, but it does have gravity(引力). Like ordinary matter, dark matter holds everything around it firmly with gravity. Dark matter's gravity holds galaxies (星系) together and bends rays of light as they move past.
To make the new maps, astronomers trained powerful telescopes to watch for bending light arriving from distant galaxies. These telescopes recorded light that came from galaxies billions of light-years away. By studying how the light changed as it traveled through space, the astronomers could work out the location and shape of dark matter groups.
One of the new maps shows dark matter is more than 600 times as large as a full moon. The other covers an area more than a thousand times as large. But that's just the beginning: The astronomers want to carry on further studies to better understand the dark matter.
4．We can learn from the passage that_____________．
A．most maps show the location of dark matter
B．human eyes can’t see dark matter directly
C．galaxies are usually made of dark matter
D．dark matter is as much as ordinary matter
5．In paragraph 3 the writer explains the way to locate dark matter by_____________．
A．providing numbers B．listing facts
C．making a comparison D．offering a quote
6．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Ordinary mater makes up the known part of the space.
B．Scientists have found ways to draw maps of dark matter.
C．Dark matter is studied with the help of powerful telescopes.
D．Scientists put forward the theory of dark matter for the first time.
C
A scientist once said: “I have concluded that the earth is being visited by intelligently controlled vehicles from outer space.”
If we take this as a reasonable explanation for UFOs (unidentified flying objects), questions immediately come up.
“Why don’t they get in touch with us, then? Why don’t they land right on the White House lawn and declare themselves?” people asked.
In reply, scientists say that, while this may be what we want, it may not necessarily be what they want.
“The most likely explanation, it seems to me,” said Dr. Mead, “is that they are simply watching what we are up to—that responsible society outside our solar system is keeping an eye on us to see that we don’t cause a chain reaction that might have unexpected effects for the outside of our solar system.”
Opinions from other scientists might go like this: “Why should they want to get in touch with us? We may feel we’re more important than we really are! They may want to observe us only and not interfere(干涉) with the development of our civilization. They may not care if we see them but they also may not care to say ‘hello’.”
Some scientists have also suggested that Earth is a kind of zoo or wildlife reserve. Just as we set aside wilderness areas and wildlife reserves to allow animals and growing things to develop naturally while we observe them. So perhaps Earth was set aside ages ago for the same purpose.
Are we being observed by intelligent beings from other civilizations in the universe? Are they watching our progress in space travel? Do we live in a huge “zoo” observed by our “keepers,” but having no communication with them?
Never before in our history have we had to face ideas bravely like these. The simple fact is that we, who have always regarded ourselves as supreme in the universe, may not be so. Now we have to recognize that, among the stars in the heavens, there may very well be worlds lived by beings who are to us as we are to ants.
7．People who ask the question “Why don’t they get in touch with us then?” think that ________.
A．there are no such things as UFOs
B．UFOs are visitors from solar system
C．there’s no reason for UFOs to contact us
D．we are bound to see UFOs sooner or later
8．According to Dr. Mead, the beings from outer space ________.
A．hope to keep in touch with us
B．want to keep watch on us
C．try to protect us from dangers
D．get ready to help others
9．What’s the writer’s attitude towards the existence of other intelligent beings in space?
A．Doubtful. B．Neutral. C．Negative. D．Positive.
10．The passage is mostly taken from a(n) ________.
A．commercial advertisement B．science fiction novel
C．newspaper column D．travel leaflet
二、七选五（每小题2分，共10分）
Children start out as natural scientists, eager to look into the world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy, as there’s no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. 11． .
Give them time to think. Studies over the past 30 years have shown that, after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think. 12． , children can give more logical, complete and creative answers.
Watch your language. Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, don’t jump in with “That's right" or “Very good”. 13． . But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by saying “That’s interesting or “I have never thought of it that way before”, or coming up with more questions or ideas. Never force a child to think. 14． ,as children are always thinking, without your telling them to.
What's more, giving them freedom to think can turn a conversation into a performance. The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller target for your disagreement.
15． . Real-life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass (放大镜), and they'll understand why you want them to wash before dinner. Rather than saying that water evaporates (蒸发), set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop.
A．It doesn't make sense
B．Listen to their questions
C．Teach them by examples
D．You only have to share your children's curiosity
E. It began with a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours
F. When adults increase their "wait time” to three seconds or more
G. These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior
三、完形填空（每小题1.5分，共30分）
When a mom attended school to help her disabled son, her son and the school thanked her in the sweetest way. It wasn’t until after his college years that Marty became disabled after 16 down stairs. When her son 17 to get his MBA, Judy O’Connor attended every class with him to help him write and 18 . Every day, Judy would sit by Marty in class, taking notes to make sure of 19 specific requests, raising her hand so he could answer questions, and silently filling in his 20 on test days. “After a little while, we found that working together we could 21 a great deal,” Marty says.
On graduation day at Chapman University, Judy was dressed in black to mix in with the other 22 . Little did she know she’d soon be the center of 23 . When Marty’s name was called, his mom helped 24 him to the front of the stage, 25 for a picture with Marty as he received his diploma. Over the loudspeaker, an 26 was made in a voice 27 with happy tears: The university was giving Judy an honorary (荣誉的)MBA.” A lump came to my throat. I was proud of my son and 28 to be honored,” says Judy.
The mother and the son had joked that Judy was putting in enough work to earn her own 29 . To Marty, there was no question that his mom, a retired elementary school teacher with a business degree, had 30 earned her honorary MBA.
Perhaps just as important, Judy gave Marty 31 . Life as Marty knew it before the 32 may have changed, but he encourages anyone in a 33 situation to keep up hope. “Just keep an open mind, 34 you can make your diversity into your advantage and take challenges as a(n) 35 for growth in your life,” he says.
16．A．pushing B．falling C．beating D．running
17．A．feared B．regretted C．determined D．discourage
18．A．participate B．compete C．dream D．live
19．A．setting in B．setting up C．setting out D．setting down
20．A．forms B．comments C．results D．answers
21．A．achieve B．expand C．save D．witness
22．A．visitors B．graduates C．friends D．neighbors
23．A．responsibility B．pressure C．attention D．tradition
24．A．wheel B．pull C．lift D．record
25．A．advertising B．tracking C．waiting D．pausing
26．A．adventure B．experiment C．announcement D．arranger
27．A．connected B．choked C．frozen D．motivated
28．A．upset B．touched C．frozen D．motivated
29．A．degree B．wealth C．passport D．attraction
30．A．even B．just C．also D．still
31．A．excuses B．reasons C．doubt D．confidence
32．A．event B．situation C．accident D．barrier
33．A．similar B．special C．private D．different
34．A．but B．and C．the D．while
35．A．test B．talent C．opportunity D．step
四、语法填空（每小题1.5分，共15分）
As you know, science plays 36． important role in our education. Do you want to keep up with the latest research and discoveries in science? There are many good websites 37． you can check out the latest in the science world.
One great site is Science News for Kids. This site reports science news 38． (cover) a wide range of subjects. The articles are intended 39． younger readers,40． adults will find this site suitable for them as well. Another wonderful site, one that I check out every day, 41． (call) Science Daily. The site is 42． (constant) updated with news, often about exciting 43． (finding) that change how we view the world.
These sites post the latest stories and also keep all the past articles they 44． (post) earlier. That way you can find just about anything that 45． (be) related to the science fields your are interested in.
五、书面表达（共20分）
假定你是李华，想邀请英国交换生David下周一参加你校举办的“科技节”，并观赏学生们的“科技小发明”。请给他写封邮件，内容包括:
1.写信意图；
2.活动时间和地点；
3.活动目的和内容；
4.表达希望。
注意:1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:科技小发明:technology gadgets
Dear David,
I’m glad to invite you to the Science Festival.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
2019-2020学年高一下学期训练卷
必修三Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
英 语 （二）
一、阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共25分）
1-3 ACD
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了我们未来的生活可能会呈现的样子。
1．词义猜测题。根据上文“We have seen many possible futures in science fiction. They range from the world’s polar ice caps melting to nuclear winters.（我们在科幻小说中看到了许多可能的未来。它们的范围从世界极地冰盖融化到核冬天。）”可知列举的都是未来不好的事情，可推知此处应是：但是未来的事并不都是令人不愉快的，but表示前后意思的转折，故划线部分单词意思应为“不愉快的；讨厌的”，故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“We will be forced to move to another planet then”可知如果地球死亡了，人类将迁移到另一个星球。故C项正确。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段第一句Personally, I think everyone will be speaking the same language in 200 years.（就我个人而言，我认为200年后每个人都会说同样的语言。）以及通读全文可知，本文是作者站在自己个人的角度，在想象的基础上写出来的。故D项正确。
4-6 BCB
这是一篇科技科普文。文章介绍了科学家们找到方法绘制暗物质地图的相关信息。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Dark matter neither produces nor reflects light, which means it's invisible to human eyes and to most scientific instruments．”可知，暗物质既不发光也不反射光，这意味着它对人类的眼睛和大多数科学仪器来说是不可见的。由此可知，人类的眼睛不可直接看见暗物质。故选B。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Scientists find dark matter in the same way, they discover other things we can't see by observing how the invisible matter affects things we can see. We can't see wind, for example, but we can feel a gentle wind or watch a windmill(风车) turning on a hill.”可知，科学家以同样的方式发现暗物质，他们通过观察看不见的物质如何影响我们看得见的东西，发现了我们看不到的其他东西。例如，我们看不见风，但我们能感觉到柔和的风或看到风车在山上转动。由此可知，作者用确定风的存在的方式做类比，来说明确定暗物质的方式。故选C。
6．主旨大意题。第一段提出：三组科学家展示了新的地图，以显示暗物质的位置。第二段介绍了暗物质的特点。第三段介绍了科学家们确定暗物质的方式。第四段进一步介绍科学家们如何制作暗物质地图。最后一段表明科学家们将要进一步研究暗物质。综上可知，文章主要围绕科学家们制作暗物质地图这件事展开的。B选项：科学家已经找到了绘制暗物质地图的方法符合此意。故选B。
7-10 ABDC
这是一篇说明文。作者讲述了科学家认为来自外层空间的智能控制的飞行器正在访问地球，外太空有其他智慧生物存在，他们只是不想打搅人类。
7．推理判断题。根据第二段“If we take this as a reasonable explanation for UFOs （unidentified flying objects）, questions immediately come up.”可知，那些问“为什么他们不联系我们呢？”的人认为没有UFO这样的东西，故选A。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第五段中Mead博士的说法可知，来自外太空的生物想要监视我们，故选B。
9．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“Now we have to recognize that, among the stars in the heavens, there may very well be worlds inhabited by beings who are to us as we are to ants”可知，作者对太空中其他智能生物的存在持相信态度，故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据文章内容讲述外星人是否存在可推知，文章最有可能来自报纸专栏，故选C。
二、七选五（每小题2分，共10分）
11-15 DFGAC
这是一篇议论文。文章作者对于如何保持孩子的好奇心，给出了一些方法。
11．前文指出让孩子们热爱科学很容易，因为不需要很多科学术语或昂贵的实验室设备。该空承接上文，D选项“你只需要分享你孩子的好奇心”切题，故选D。
12．前一句：过去30年的研究表明，成年人在提出问题后，通常只等一秒钟或更短的时间来得到答案，不给孩子思考的时间。后一句：孩子们可以给出更符合逻辑、更完整、更有创意的答案。该空承上启下，F选项“当成年人把他们的“等待时间”增加到3秒或更长”切题，故选F。
13．前一句：一旦你的孩子参与了科学讨论，不要马上说“正确”或“非常好”。后一句：但是在谈论科学的时候，快速的赞扬可以表明讨论已经结束。该空承上启下，G选项“鼓励好的行为时，这些词很有用”切题，故选G。
14．前一句：永远不要强迫孩子思考。后一句：因为孩子们总是在思考，而不是你告诉他们。该空承上启下，A选项“这没有意义”切题，故选A。
15．该段大致意思是孩子们在现实生活中对大自然的印象比从书本或电视节目中学到的任何东西都要深刻得多。让孩子们通过放大镜看他们的指尖，他们就会明白你为什么要他们饭前洗手。不要说水会蒸发，而是把一壶水烧开，让他们看着水位下降。所以这一段的标题应该是用例子来教他们，故选C。
三、完形填空（每小题1.5分，共30分）
16-20 BCADD 21-25 ABCAD 26-30 CBBAC 31-35 DCABC
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位母亲帮助自己身有残疾的儿子求学的故事，这篇短文告诉我们，无论生活给予我们多么不公正的待遇，我们依然要坦然度过生活中的沟沟坎坎，做生活的主人，学会生活。
16．考查动词辨析。句意：大学毕业后，马蒂从楼梯上摔下来，导致了他身体残疾。从文章首句中的“help her disabled son”可知，该空处是在解释儿子残疾的原因，即从楼梯上跌落。故B选项切题。
17．考查动词辨析。A. feared害怕；B. regretted悔恨；C. determined下定决心；D. discourage使气馁。句意：当她的儿子决定获得工商管理硕士学位时，朱迪·奥康纳就陪他一起上了每一堂课，帮助他写一些东西并帮助他参与到课程中来。通过下文儿子顺利毕业获得MBA学位，我们可以推断出这里是说儿子下定决心攻读MBA。故C选项切题。
18．考查动词辨析。A. participate参加；B. compete竞争；C. dream梦想；D. live居住。因为儿子残疾，上课不方便，所以母亲需要每天陪读，帮助自己的儿子写一些东西并帮助他参与到课程中来。participate在这里是动词，表示课上参与。故A选项切题。
19．考查动词辨析。A. setting in开始；B. setting up建立；C. setting out出发；D. setting down记下。句意：每天上课时，朱迪都会坐在马蒂旁边，做笔记以确保记下详细的要求，举手让马蒂回答问题，并在考试当天默默地填写答案。母亲记笔记以确保记下详细的要求。故D选项切题。
20．考查名词辨析。A. forms形式；B. comments评论；C. results结果；D. answers回答。由on test days（在考试日）与前面的filling in可以推断出，该空处所填写的答案应该与考试相关，所以answers符合语境。故D选项切题。
21．考查动词辨析。A. achieve完成；B. expand膨胀；C. save节省；D. witness目击。根据上文中的working together可以推断出这里指母亲和儿子两人一起合作能够取得很大的成就。achieve“取得，达到”符合句意。故A选项切题。
22．考查名词辨析。A. visitors游客；B. graduates大学毕业生；C. friends朋友；D. neighbors邻居。句意：在查普曼大学毕业的那天，朱蒂穿着黑色的衣服和其他毕业生聚在一起。根据上文中的On graduation day可知，在毕业那天要举行授予仪式，所以有很多毕业生齐聚校园。graduate“大学毕业生”符合句意。故B选项切题。
23．考查名词辨析。A. responsibility责任；B. pressure压力；C. attention注意力；D. tradition传统。句意：她不知道自己很快就会成为大家关注的焦点。下文提到学校特别授予了罗斯的母亲MBA荣誉学位，这是比较罕见的，也是母亲始料未及的，所以她不知道自己会很快成为关注的焦点。故C选项切题。
24．考查动词辨析。A. wheel转动；B. pull拉；C. lift抬起；D. record记录。句意：当马蒂的名字被叫到时，他的妈妈帮着把他推到舞台前，在儿子接受学位时，母亲和他一起稍作停顿，合影留恋。因为上文提到儿子身有残疾，所以儿子日常行动不便，需要借助轮椅行动。故此处表示母亲用轮椅将儿子推上台。故A选项切题。
25．考查动词辨析。A. advertising做广告；B. tracking追踪；C. waiting等待；D. pausing停止。此处表示在儿子接受学位时，母亲和他一起稍作停顿，合影留恋。pause“暂停，停顿”。故D选项切题。
26．考查名词辨析。A. adventure冒险；B. experiment实验；C. announcement宣布；D. arranger组织者。此处表示学校宣布朱迪获得该校的MBA荣誉学位，故空处用announcement。故C选项切题。
27．考查动词辨析。A. connected连接；B. choked窒息；C. frozen使结冰；D. motivated刺激。根据下文中的“The university was giving Judy an honorary(荣誉)MBA”可知，这个消息令人激动，所以宣布这个消息的人的声音也因为激动而哽咽了。故B选项切题。
28．考查形容词辨析。A. upset心烦意乱的；B. touched受感动的；C. frozen结冰的；D. motivated积极的。因为母子二人当天分别获得了MBA荣誉学位和MBA学位，所以作为母亲，她即为儿子感到骄傲，又为自己获得学位而感动。这里的touched是“受感动”的意思。故B选项切题。
29．考查名词辨析。A. degree等级；B. wealth财富；C. passport护照；D. attraction吸引力。句意：母亲和儿子会开玩笑地说朱迪付出了很多的努力才使她获得了学位。degree在这里是“学位”的意思，earn one’s degree意为“获得学位”符合句意。故A选项切题。
30．考查副词辨析。句意：对马蒂来说，毫无疑问，他的母亲，一位拥有商业学位的退休小学教师，也获得了她的MBA荣誉学位。根据语境，儿子获得了MBA学位，他的母亲也顺利地拿到了MBA荣誉学位，故选also。故C选项切题。
31．考查名词辨析。A. excuses借口；B. reasons原因；C. doubt怀疑；D. confidence自信。句意：或许同样重要的是，朱迪给了马蒂信心。坚强的母亲给予儿子莫大的帮助，这无疑是给予孩子生活的信心。故D选项切题。
32．考查名词辨析。A. event事件；B. situation状况；C. accident事故；D. barrier障碍物。句意：玛蒂知道，事故之前的生活可能已经改变了，但他鼓励任何处境相似的人要对生活充满希望。根据上文可知，此处指马蒂从楼梯上跌落这起事故，故选accident。故C选项切题。
33．考查形容词辨析。A. similar相似的；B. special特殊的；C. private私人的；D. different不同的。马蒂鼓励与他有类似经历的人，所以这里选similar。故A选项切题。
34．考查连词辨析。保持开放的心态，你就能把你的不同变成你的长处。此处是“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构，这里的祈使句相当于if引导的条件状语从句。故B选项切题。
35．考查名词辨析。A. test测试；B. talent天赋；C. opportunity机会；D. step脚步。此处表示把挑战当作生活中和成长的机会，故选opportunity。故C选项切题。
四、语法填空（每小题1.5分，共15分）
36．an 37．where 38．covering 39．for 40．but
41．is called 42．constantly 43．findings 44．posted 45．is
本文讲述了两个可以用来了解世界上最新的科学进展的网站，从而能让我们时刻追踪自己感兴趣的科学领域。
36．考查冠词。固定短语play a role in 意为“在……方面起作用”，且important为元音音素开头的单词，因此用不定冠词an。故填an。
37．考查定语从句。本句为定语从句修饰先行词websites 意为“网站”，是一个具有地点意义的名词，从句中缺少状语，因此关系副词where在从句中作为地点状语。故填where。
38．考查非谓语动词。结合句意可知，这个网站报道科学新闻，并且涵盖范围广，有许多科目。cover在本句中用非谓语动词形式作定语，且与 science news 之间为主动关系，因此用 cover 的现在分词形式，对其进行进一步的解释说明。故填covering。
39．考查介词。固定搭配be intended for“专为……；打算为……所用”，故填for。
40．考查连词。句意：这些文章是为年轻读者准备的，但是成年人也会发现这个网站适合他们。结合上下文语境可知为转折关系，故填but。
41．考查动词时态语态。句意：另外一个我每天浏览的网站叫做每日科学。网站名应该是被别人叫，因此应使用被动语态，文章时态是一般现在时，主语为Another wonderful site谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填is called。
42．考查副词。空格后面为动词，副词修饰动词。故填constantly。
43．考查名词。根据空格后面的定语从句 that change how we view the world 可知，that 是引导词，change 是动词原形，说明前面的先行词为可数名词的复数形式。故填findings。
44．考查动词。根据空格所在句子 and also keep all the past articles they (posted) earlier 可知，过去的文章是过去的时间所发表的，因此动词应变形为过去式。故填posted。
45．考查主谓一致。根据空格所在的句子可知，that引导定语从句，代替的先行词是 anything，因此谓语动词应为单数形式，且句子时态为一般现在时。故填is。
五、书面表达（共20分）
Dear David,
I’m glad to invite you to the Science Festival to be held in our school next Monday to enjoy the students’ technology gadgets.
The Science Festival is scheduled to take place on the playground from 8 a.m. to 11 a.m., lasting three hours. Its purpose is to encourage us students to think creatively as well as share our works with others. At this festival, you can enjoy various gadgets which are of great use in our daily life. What’s more, some excellent student inventors will introduce the functions of their technology gadgets and perform them on the spot, which I think will be the most exciting part.
I would appreciate it if you could join in the coming Science Festival. Looking forward to your reply and expecting your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
