Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Anything with strong gravity(引力) attracts other things to it.
2．The frontier (边境) is so well guarded that no one can get across.
3．The driver managed to escape from the vehicle (车辆) and shout a warning.
4．Hunger is the body's signal (信号) that levels of blood sugar are too low.
5．All glass bottles which can't be refilled can be recycled(再利用).
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I am now feeling young at heart both physically and mentally (mental)!
2．All human beings are much more intelligent(intelligence) than animals.
3．The desire to look attractive is universal (universe)．
4．We are determined (determine) to get the work done before New Year's Day.
5．The satellite was launched (launch) in a rocket last year.
6．The reason why he was employed by the company is that he is honest.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．她转向她的老师们希望能从他们那里得到帮助。
She turned to her teachers in_the_hope_of_getting_help_from_them.
2．那就是为什么他成功处理那些问题的原因。
That_is_why he succeeded in dealing with the problems.
3．我们镇子前有一条向东流去的河。
There is a river in front of our town travelling/flowing/running_to_the_east.
4．我已经下定决心去执行我制定的假期计划。
I have been_determined_to_carry_out my plan which I made for my holiday.
5．我非常希望自己的英文能够突飞猛进。
I_have_a_strong_desire_for my English to advance by leaps and bounds.
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
There are strong arguments on space travel, and below you will find a list of many frequently used arguments.
Pros of space travel：
—Space travel has inspired many people to continue improving technology such as inventing Velcro and non-stick frying pans.
—If you look at the total GDP worldwide, space only accounts for a very small percentage of the total budget.
—Better to spend money on our future than on other projects that would have a much lower potential reward.
—If we were to colonize (开拓……成殖民地) another planet, it would reduce the population on Earth, which is already overpopulated. This will result in the survival of our species when our planet can no longer support human life.
—Multinational space stations have helped diplomacy (外交) among multiple nations.
Cons of space travel：
—There is a very large percentage of the earth's oceans we have yet to explore. We should continue exploring the remaining unknown regions of our oceans before continuing to another planet.
—The funding for space exploration comes from the tax payers' pockets. Many do not think that they should be forced into paying for something they oppose.
—The total contribution from space travel is minimal, when considering the total cost.
—We should not be thinking about colonizing the moon, or a planet. It's better to save our existing planet first. If we are to destroy one planet, what is to stop us from repeating the_mistakes on another planet.
—Not only is the cost of manned space missions high, but space travel can have a serious effect on the human body over an extended period of time. The only way to solve it is by using robots, which reduces the human risk factor, and reduces the overall cost.
Overall, most people approve of (赞成) our current exploration methods. In my opinion, these methods should be reviewed to help reduce the cost of launches. I believe the potential of finding resources on other planets will make the cost of several decades of space exploration worthwhile.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文。作者陈述了人们对太空旅游的支持和反对的观点，并表达了自己的观点。
1．Which of the following benefits of space travel is NOT mentioned?
A．Creating more job opportunities.
B．Reducing the overpopulation on Earth.
C．Bringing about advanced technologies.
D．Developing relationships among countries.
解析：细节理解题。根据Pros of space travel部分可知B、C、D三项均有提及，唯独A项没提到。
答案：A
2．The underlined part “the mistakes” here probably refers to ________.
A．colonizing the moon
B．doing damage to Earth
C．spending money with little reward
D．having a wrong understanding about other planets
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“It's better to save our existing planet first.”和“destroy one planet”可知，“the mistakes”指的是我们对地球的破坏。
答案：B
3．What's the author's attitude towards space travel?
A．Negative. B．Doubtful.
C．Positive. D．Not mentioned.
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段尾句可知，作者相信有朝一日可以在其他星球上发现资源来回报多年太空探索的巨大付出，故作者的态度是积极的。
答案：C
4．What would be the best title for this passage?
A．The Future of Space Travel
B．The Benefits of Space Travel
C．Why Space Travel Is Expensive
D．Whether Space Travel Is Worthwhile or Not
解析：标题归纳题。本文探讨了太空旅行值不值得的问题。
答案：D
B
Many of New York's fine-dining establishments take part in what is known as Restaurant Week, an event held since 1992 that offers locals and tourists the opportunity to enjoy a more affordable three-course culinary (烹饪的) experience.
For a fixed lunch price of $25, or $38 for dinner, there are 340 restaurants and 28 types of cuisine (菜肴) to choose from through March 6. On any other day of the year, such meals could cost 25 percent to 50 percent more.
One of the pioneers of this event is Tracy Nieporent, restaurant committee chairman for NYC & Company. He said participating restaurants make a smaller profit per meal, but benefit from an increase in overall business. “It's really an honor to get in, and people want to be in，” he said. “It's obviously economically beneficial to the restaurants who participate in the event.”
For waiters, Restaurant Week means extra work. But typically, that translates to higher wages. “The tips get a little higher，” said Jose Miguel Cruz, a waiter at Tribeca Grill. “I would say they increase more than 20 percent.” Cruz, who has served at Tribeca Grill for 25 years, said the effort pays off in other ways. “People enjoy it，” he said. “It also opens—either winter or summer time—another chance to bring more customers.”
Affordability and convenience matter in New York, where the cost of living is high. “Restaurant Week is great because you can try everything you can，” said New York resident Mario Milana. “You have good menus, and usually a wine selection that goes well together.” Another New Yorker, Kim Bible, said Restaurant Week provides “an incentive to go to restaurants when you usually wouldn't go out”．
New York's Restaurant Week model has since been copied in other cities across the nation. It works so well because it provides real value.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。全文主要介绍了纽约餐馆周。从1992年开始举办的纽约餐馆周通过比平时低很多的价格向大众提供美食，吸引了众多游客和本地人。
5．The same cuisine on any other day of the year would cost at most ________.
A．38 dollars B．44 dollars
C．50 dollars D．57 dollars
解析：推理判断题。由第二段可知，餐馆周最高价是38美元一份，平时的最高价要比餐馆周的价格高出50%，即需要多花19美元，38＋19＝57。故选D。
答案：D
6．With much lower prices, so many restaurants still want to get in because ________.
A．the overall sales can go up
B．they can build a good reputation
C．NYC & Company asks them to do that
D．it is a chance to enjoy a culinary experience
解析：细节理解题。由第三段内容可知，在餐馆周，尽管价格比平时低了许多，但饭店的整体成交额有所增加。
答案：A
7．The underlined word “incentive” in Para.5 means “________”．
A．promise B．attraction
C．need D．appointment
解析：词义猜测题。由画线词所在语境可知，纽约的生活成本很高，而在餐馆周，一些饭店以低廉的价格提供多样化的美食，这吸引了平时不外出用餐的人。故选B。
答案：B
8．What can we learn about New York's Restaurant Week?
A．It benefits a lot of people.
B．It faces economic difficulties.
C．It should develop in a creative way.
D．It reduces the overall cost of living.
解析：推理判断题。由第三段可知，参加餐馆周的饭店的成交额会得到增加；由第四段可知，在餐馆周，虽然服务员的工作量增加了，但他们可以得到更多的小费；由第五段Mario Milana所说的可知，在餐馆周，人们可以尝试很多不同的菜品、品尝不同的美酒，由Kim Bible所说的可知，餐馆周激发了人们外出用餐的热情。故选A。
答案：A
Ⅴ.阅读七选五
Raising Confident Kids
Self-esteem (自尊) is a collection of beliefs or feelings we have about ourselves.Having a healthy self-esteem can protect us through difficult times and help us remain focused on what is important to us.Research shows that children with high self-esteem grow up to be more confident adults.Self-esteem building should start from young. 1 .
Praise Actions
Young children need feedback.It's how they measure their actions and it plays a role in learning from experience.Provide specific praise about actual actions performed and efforts made in the process. 2 .
Identify Strengths
Preschoolers are always watching each other.On the bright side，they learn new things from each other.On the other side，they can become self-critical when they see a peer accomplishing something they still struggle to do. 3 .Tell your children to focus on their strengths when they start to draw comparisons.
Foster (培养) a Sense of Belonging
Young children may not understand how peer pressure (同龄人的压力) works，but they feel it when they're being excluded (排除)．Show your children that they are important by listening to and responding to their needs and ideas as much as possible.Save grown-up conversations for later so that you can have family conversations. 4 .
5
As much as they need us，they also need to work on taking small steps toward independence.When they know they can do things，they feel more confident.Teach problem-solving skills.Step aside and let them work on challenges before jumping in to help.Help by asking “How can we do this in a different way? Let's come up with some ideas together.” Getting kids involved in problem-solving teaches them how to deal with challenges in the future.
Building and maintaining healthy self-esteem can be a lifelong process，but the sooner you start，the more confident your children will become.
A．Encourage Independence
B．Spend quality time with children
C．Try to address their concerns as they arise，no matter how minor
D．If praise is only attached to success，kids will focus on “winning”
E．Be sure to point out your children's strengths regularly and be specific
F．Below are some tips to help you promote your children's self-esteem
G．Each parent has the responsibility to help children to become confident
答案：1－5 FDECA
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The hotel has special facilities (设备) for welcoming disabled people.
2．He was in an argument (争论) with his landlord downstairs.
3．Both the color and pattern(样式) of this silk are in good taste.
4．He regularly (有规律地) drove from his home to his place of employment.
5．He is a shallow (肤浅的) thinker whose opinions aren't worth much.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．He hesitates to get involved in this argument (argue)．
2．Without more training or advanced (advance) technical skills, they'll lose their jobs.
3．Many hair problems result from what you eat.
4．Her father always ensured she was well provided for.
5．We have a great many things to do at present.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
The plan: turn Mars into a blue world with streams and green fields, and then fill it with creatures (生物) from the earth.
This idea may sound like something from a science fiction (科幻小说)，but it is actually being taken seriously by many researchers. This suggests the future for the “red planet” will be the main topic for discussion at an international conference hosted by NASA (美国宇航局) this week. Leading researchers as well as science fiction writers will attend the event.
“Turning Mars into a little earth has long been a topic in science fiction，” said Dr. Michael Meyer，NASA's senior scientist for astrobiology (太空生物学)．“Now，with scientists exploring the reality，we can ask what are the real possibilities of changing Mars.”
Most scientists agree that Mars could be turned into a little earth，although much time and money would be needed to achieve this goal.
But many experts are shocked by the idea.“We are destroying our own world at an unbelievable speed and now we are talking about ruining another planet，” said Paul Murdin from the Institute of Astronomy，Cambridge，UK.
Over the past months，scientists have become increasingly confident.They will find Martian life forms.Europe and America's robot explorers have found proof that water，mixed with soil，exists in large amounts on the planet.
1．The passage is about ________.
A．Mars supporting life
B．finding water on the Mars
C．a plan turning Mars into a little earth
D．the necessity of changing Mars
解析：主旨大意题。根据文章大意和文章第一段的“The plan：turn Mars into a blue world with streams and green fields，and then fill it with creatures from the earth.”可知，文章主要介绍了一个把火星变成地球的计划，故选C。
答案：C
2．Those who agree to turn Mars into a little earth ________.
A．are short of confidence
B．will gain the support of NASA
C．are asking for advice on how to carry it out
D．realize that it's not easy to achieve their goal
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“Most scientists agree that Mars could be turned into a little earth，although much time and money would be needed to achieve this goal.”可知，同意这项计划的人们认为这个计划不容易实施，故选D。
答案：D
3．What's Paul Murdin's attitude to the plan?
A．He is for the idea.
B．He is active in the idea.
C．He is against the idea.
D．He doesn't care about it.
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段的“But many experts are shocked by the idea.‘We are destroying our own world at an unbelievable speed and now we are talking about ruining another planet，’ said Paul Murdin from the Institute of Astronomy，Cambridge，UK.”，可知，他反对这个想法，故选C。
答案：C
4．What can we know about the scientists from the last paragraph?
A．They have no idea about the plan.
B．They will find Martian lives very soon.
C．They may achieve their goals some day.
D．They have found much proof of Martian lives.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的“They will find Martian life forms.Europe and America's robot explorers have found proof that water，mixed with soil，exists in large amounts on the planet.”可知，由于越来越多的证据表明火星上有存在生命的条件，所以将来这个计划有可能实现，故选C。
答案：C
Ⅳ.完形填空
It surprised me—every time I saw Joe, he was smiling. It didn't __1__ whether he had to stop at a stop light, or if he were the seventh person in __2__ at the bank, and the service stopped just before he got there. Joe always smiled. It made me wonder why he seemed so __3__ every day.
Having observed Joe with other people, I __4__ something else also. Joe asked people how they were doing, and really seemed to listen to their __5__. If someone was hurt, he had __6__ and kind words for him and offered to help in any way he could.
It made me think...What if I tried to smile more? A(n) __7__ began when I went to the grocery store. I smiled as I went up and down the aisles ... and people I didn't even __8__ smiled back at me. Some even __9__！ A little kid in the cart (购物车) who was giving his mother a __10__ time saw me smile and stopped talking...and, you guessed it. He made a shy little attempt at a smile. The man in the handicapped (残疾的) cart __11__ a person to reach something...I could get that for him. The smile even transferred over to him, and he thanked me.
As I drove home, I was smiling. I __12__ what I had just learned, and when someone passed me and gave me a(n) __13__， I smiled at him. He looked puzzled.
Now I know a smile is a small thing, but what if we were all to try to smile a few more times each day? I couldn't believe how great I felt. Nothing in my life had changed, __14__ maybe it had. For what I learned was that such a small thing could __15__ not only my spirits, but those around me as well.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者发现Joe总是微笑着面对一切，自己也决定尝试着多对人微笑，而后惊讶地发现微笑虽然是一件很小的事情，但是能够鼓舞自己和周围的人。
1．A.work B．happen
C．matter D．last
解析：根据首句可知，Joe总是微笑面对一切，所以此处指即使发生对他不利的情况，他也感觉没关系。故选C。
答案：C
2．A.order B．debt
C．hand D．line
解析：在银行办理业务一般要排队(in line)等候。故选D。
答案：D
3．A.naughty B．happy
C．active D．humorous
解析：微笑说明心情愉快，因而此处填happy。故选B。
答案：B
4．A.decided B．judged
C．noticed D．considered
解析：根据下句的描述可知，通过观察Joe与他人交往，作者注意到了(noticed)一些其他的事情。
答案：C
5．A.answers B．theories
C．excuses D．chains
解析：answers与前面的ask对应。问别人问题，且倾听他人的回答。故选A。
答案：A
6．A.guidance B．respect
C．pity D．protection
解析：根据空格前的“If someone was hurt”和空格后的“kind words”可知，他应是同情受到伤害的人。have pity for...“对……同情”。故选C。
答案：C
7．A.experiment B．life
C．project D．program
解析：此处的experiment和前面的tried相呼应。作者准备尝试着多微笑，并去一家杂货店做了试验(experiment)。故选A。
答案：A
8．A.meet B．touch
C．know D．contact
解析：根据上文“I went to the grocery store”可知，商店中的很多人应是彼此不认识的。故选C。
答案：C
9．A.glared B．greeted
C．prevented D．escaped
解析：当“我”向不认识的人微笑时，有些人不但还以微笑，甚至和“我”打招呼(greeted)。故选B。
答案：B
10．A.spare B．long
C．hard D．great
解析：根据上下文可知，作者举了一个孩子的例子。且此处应与下文“He made a shy little attempt at a smile.”形成反义对比，可知他应是正在为难母亲。因此hard符合语境。故选C。
答案：C
11．A.persuaded B．accepted
C．supported D．needed
解析：轮椅上的残疾人一般需要别人帮忙拿东西，所以此处填needed。故选D。
答案：D
12．A.worried about B．thought about
C．talked over D．looked over
解析：经过一番试验后作者在回家的路上开始回忆自己的收获。think about “考虑”，符合语境。
答案：B
13．A.gesture B．address
C．call D．ticket
解析：此处指从“我”旁边经过的人给“我”手势，gesture符合语境。故选A。
答案：A
14．A.so B．for
C．but D．till
解析：由空格前“在我的生活中什么也没有发生改变”和空格后“也许已经发生了改变”可知，前后构成转折关系，故选but。
答案：C
15．A.realize B．admire
C．show D．lift
解析：微笑虽然是一件很小的事情，但是能够鼓舞自己和周围的人。lift sb.'s spirits “使某人振奋”，故选D。
答案：D
Ⅴ.语法填空
A few days ago I landed at the Bombay Airport in India and took a cab to my destination in South Bombay.I 1.was_enjoying (enjoy) the busy traffic with people rushing in every possible 2.direction (direct) when we got stuck at a very busy crossroads.
As we waited for the signal to turn green，my eyes met up with a poor young boy，about 12 years old.He removed a piece of bread from his pocket and took a bite.As he was about 3.to_take (take) his next bite，a dog wagged (摇) his tail looking at him.Without 4.hesitation (hesitate)，he sat down and put the bread on the road for the dog to eat.The dog sniffed the bread and walked away.The boy waited until he was sure the dog was gone，and then he picked up the bread and 5.ate (eat) it!
My heart 6.cried (cry) and wanted to walk up to the boy，7.but before I could open the door the signal turned green and our car drove away.I kept 8.thinking (think) about the boy.Later，during my evening meal，I realized that I was thinking of approaching the boy but never did.I could have stopped the car and walked up to him，which again I never did.
This poor little boy 9.who had only one piece of bread shared 10.it immediately with the dog，though he himself seemed to be very hungry.
课件23张PPT。Period Ⅰ Listening，Speaking and Talking课前·情境导入[思维激活]
从网络上搜索歌曲，根据所听内容，在下面歌词空格处填入正确的单词。
The Bing Bang Theory Theme
Our whole universe was in a hot dense state
Then nearly fourteen billion years ago expansion started
Wait...
The Earth began to cool
The autotrophs began to drool
Neanderthals developed toolsWe built a wall (we built the pyramids)
Math, science, history, unraveling the mysteries
That all started with the big bang
“Since the dawn of man” is really not that long
As every galaxy was formed in less time than it takes to sing this song
A fraction of a second and the elements were made
The bipeds ①____________________
The dinosaurs all met their fate
They tried to leap but they were late
And they all died (they froze their asses off)stood up straight The oceans and pangea
See ya, wouldn't wanna be ya
Set in motion by the same big bang!
It all started with the big BANG!
It's expanding ever ②____________ but one day
It will cause the stars to go the other way
Collapsing ever inward, we won't be here, it won't be hurt
Our best and brightest figure that it'll make an even bigger bang!
Australopithecus would really have been sick of usoutward Debating out while here they're catching deer (we're catching viruses)
Religion or ③____________， Encarta, Deuteronomy
It all started with the big bang!
Music and mythology, Einstein and astrology
It all started with the big bang!
It all started with the big BANG！ astronomy 《生活大爆炸》主题曲
宇宙一度又烫又稠密
140亿年前终于爆了炸等着瞧……
地球开始降温
自养生物来起哄
穴居人发明工具
我们建长城(我们建金字塔)
数学，自然科学，历史，揭开神秘一切由大爆炸开始
其实人类历史没有多久
星系形成时间比唱完这支歌还要短
元素在微秒间便形成了
两足动物直立行走
恐龙都得认命了
想要突变，没来得及就死光光了(他们都冻成了化石)
大洋和泛古陆
拜拜，才不想学你
都是爆炸惹的祸
一切从大爆炸开始
宇宙向外膨胀，但有一天
星球会反方向运动
向内坍塌，反正我们不在了不会觉得疼我们美好光辉的形象将引发一场更大的爆炸
南方古猿肯定对我们不爽
在他们捉鹿时叽叽歪歪 (我们现在捉电脑病毒了)
宗教，天文，微软百科，旧约申命记
一切从大爆炸开始
音乐，神化，爱因斯坦，占星术
一切从大爆炸开始
一切从大爆炸开始[话题延伸]
Ⅰ.听下面一段材料，回答第1至3题
1．When did Chang'e 4 land on the Moon according to the woman?
A．January 13,2019.
B．January 3,2019.
C．January 30,2019.
2．Why does Chang'e 4 mean a lot to us?
A．It is the first time for human beings to land on the far side of the Moon!
B．It is the first time for Chinese to land on the far side of the Moon!
C．It is the first time for Chinese to land on the Moon!3．Where will they go at present?
A．The chemistry lab.
B．The science lab.
C．The geography lab.
答案：1－3 BABⅡ.听下面一段材料，在空白处填入你听到的词语
Our home galaxy has a new, super-precise mass measurement: about 1._______ billion times the mass of our sun. That amounts to about 6 billion billion billion elephants, 296 quadrillion Earth masses or 135 times the mass of the supermassive 2.____________ in the image released back in April.
3．___________ the Milky Way's mass presents some unusual difficulties, because we live in it. There's no way to stick galaxies on scales, so researchers 4.___________ “weigh” galaxies by tracing the 5.___________of stars inside the galaxies, which can reveal how the galaxy's gravity is influencing those stars. 890 black hole Measuring typically movements Ⅲ.在网上查阅一些资料后用英语向你的同学介绍一下太阳
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_____________________________________________________________________Example：
The Sun's Energy
The sun, our singular source of renewable energy, sits at the center of the solar system and gives out energy at an extremely large and relatively constant rate, 24 hours per day, more than 360 days of the year.
If we could harvest the energy coming from just 10 hectares (25 acres) of the surface of the sun, we would have enough to supply the current energy demand of the world. However, there are three important reasons why this cannot be done. First, the earth is displaced from the sun, and since the sun's energy spreads out like light from a candle, only a small amount of the energy leaving an area of the sun reaches an equal area on the earth. Second, the earth turns about its polar axis (极轴), so that any collection device located on the earth's surface can receive the sun's energy for only about one-half of each day. The third and least factor is the condition of the thin shell of atmosphere that surrounds the earth's surface. At best the earth's atmosphere accounts for another 30 percent reduction in the sun's energy. As is widely known, however, the weather conditions can stop all but a minimal amount of solar radiation from reaching the earth's surface for many days in a row.Ⅳ.课外阅读
We find that the moon is about 239,000 miles (384,551 km) away from the earth, and, to within a few thousand miles, its distance always remains the same. Yet a very little observation shows that the moon is not standing till. Its distance from the earth remains the same, but its direction continually changes. We find that it is traveling in a circle—or very nearly a circle—round the earth, going completely round once a month, or, more exactly, once every 27 and 1/3 days. It is our nearest neighbor in space, and like ourselves it is kept tied to the earth by the earth's gravitational pull. Except for the sun, the moon looks the biggest object in the sky. Actually it is one of the smallest, and only looks big because it is so near to us. Its diameter is only 2,160 miles (3,476 km), or a little more than a quarter of the diameter of the earth.
Once a month, or, more exactly, once every 29 and 1/2 days, at the time we call “full moon”， its whole disc looks bright. At other times only part of it appears bright, and we always find that this is the part which faces towards the sun, while the part facing away from the sun appears dark. Artists could make their pictures better if they kept this in mind—only those parts of the moon which are lighted up by the sun are bright. This shows that the moon gives no light of its own. It merely reflects the light of the sun, like a huge mirror hung in the sky. 我们发现月球距离地球大约239 000英里(384 551公里)，在几千英里范围内，它的距离始终保持不变。然而，很小(角度)的观察表明，月球并不是静止的。它与地球的距离保持不变，但它的方向不断变化。我们发现它绕着地球转圈，或者几乎是一个圆，一圈转一月，或者更确切地说，一圈27又1/3天。它是我们在太空中最近的邻居，和我们一样，它被地球的引力束缚在地球上。
除了太阳，月亮看起来是天空中最大的物体。实际上它是最小的，看起来很大是因为它离我们太近了。它的直径只有2 160英里(3 476公里)，也就是地球直径的四分之一多一点。 一个月一次，或者更确切地说，每29.5天一次，在我们称之为“满月”的时候，它的整个圆盘看起来很亮。在其他时候，只有一部分看起来是明亮的，我们总是发现这是面向太阳的部分，而不面向太阳的部分看起来是黑暗的。如果艺术家们能记住这一点，他们的画就会变得更好——只有那些被太阳照亮的月球部分才是明亮的。这表明月球本身不发光。它只是反射太阳光，就像挂在天空中的一面大镜子。词海拾贝
1．observation n．观察
2．continually adv.持续地
3．gravitational adj.引力的；重力引起的
4．diameter n．直径；对径；放大率；放大倍数课件39张PPT。Period Ⅱ Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking课前 自主学习 课堂 合作探究课后 限时训练新知探求
Ⅰ.根据词义写出正确的单词
1．____________ n．宇航员；太空人
2．____________ n．程序；步骤；手续
3．____________ n．火箭；火箭弹
4．____________ n．重力；引力
5．____________ n．边境；国界；边远地区
6．____________ n．交通工具；车辆 astronaut procedure rocket gravityfrontier vehicle7．____________ n．人造卫星； 卫星
8．____________ vt. & n．发射；发起；上市
9．____________ n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt. & vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
10．____________ adj.巨大的；伟大的n.巨人；巨兽；伟人
11．____________ n．(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处
12．____________ adj.持续存在的；仍在进行的；不断发展的 satellite launchorbit giant agency ongoing13．____________ n．航天器；宇宙飞船
14．____________ adj.当前的；现在的n.水流；电流；思潮
15．____________ adj.足够的；充足的
Ⅱ.词汇拓展
1．____________ adj.精神的；思想的→____________ adv.精神上地；思想上地
2．____________ adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→____________ n．智慧；聪明；智力
3．____________ n．宇宙；天地万物→____________adj.普遍的；全世界的n.一般概念；一般性→ __________adv.全体地；一致地spacecraft current sufficientmental mentally intelligent intelligenceuniverse universal universally 4．__________ vt.查明；确定；决定→____________adj.有决心的；意志坚定的
5．____________vt.使……失望→____________ adj.失望的；沮丧的
6．____________ n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望→____________ adj.向往的；可取的；值得拥有的
7．____________ adj.独立的；自立的→_________________ adv.独立地； 自立地→_________________n．独立；独立日；自主；自立
8．____________ adj.当前的；现在的n.水流；电流；思潮→____________ adv.现时；目前；当前；时下determine determined disappoint disappointeddesire desirable independent independently independencecurrent currently floated beyond leapt/leapedotherwise 5．How is the water pressure ____________ to the support?
6．The ____________ will be changed into digital code.
7．The game is ____________ drawing huge crowds.
8．These people ____________ all understanding of scientific principles.
Ⅳ.根据汉语意思补全短语
1．carry ________继续做；坚持干
2．________ board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
3．________the hope of doing sth.抱着做某事的希望 transmitted signal currentlylack on on in 【词汇攻略】
1．前缀trans-
①表示“转变”“变换”。例如：transport运输；transplant移植；translation翻译；transform使变形，改造
②表示“超过”“横跨”“超”。例如：transcentury跨世纪；transnational跨国的；transcontinental横跨大陆的2．以“-t”结尾的形容词变成以“-ce”结尾的名词
important→importance; silent→silence；
absent→absence; confident→confidence；
convenient→convenience; patient→patience；
distant→distance; innocent→innocence；
violent→violence; different→difference语篇研析
Ⅰ.速读文章并完成下面的问题
Match the main idea of each paragraph.
Para. 1 A．What people achieved in the past years.
Para. 2 B．Why people don't stop exploring space despite risks.
Para. 3 C．The future exploration in space.
Para. 4 D．Human beings always want to explore space.
Para. 5 E．The achievement which China has made.
答案：Para.1：D；Para.2：A；Para.3：B；Para.4：E；Para.5：CⅡ.细读文章并选出最佳答案
1．Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou ________ spacecraft in ________.
A．2；2000 B．3；2001
C．5；2003 D．1；2002
2．Which statement is right according to the passage?
A．Nobody thought it possible to travel into space before the mid-20th century.
B．On 14 October 1957 the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR.
C．China became the third country to independently send humans into space.
D．Disasters in the space exploration made everyone sad but not disappointed.3．Despite risks, people continue to explore space because ________.
A．we want to establish more space stations
B．we plan to carry more brave people into space
C．we can provide a continuous human presence in space
D．we believe in the significance of space exploration
答案：1－3 CCDⅢ.句式分析
1．China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003, when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.
[分析] “when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft”是________引导的时间状语从句；“to independently send humans into space in 2003”是不定式作“the third country”的________。
[翻译] _____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________when 定语 2003年，杨利伟乘坐“神舟五号”飞船成功绕地飞行，中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。 2．Despite the difficulties, scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began, but also help us survive well into the future.
[分析] “hope”是本句的谓语，它的后面是一个______从句，省略了关系代词________。从句中“will”的后面是以“not only...but also...”连接的两个并列谓语，“how the universe began”又作“understand”的________从句。
[翻译] ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________宾语 that 宾语 尽管困难重重，科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙是如何开始的，而且能帮助我们更好地生存到未来。Ⅳ.概要写作
根据P40－41课文内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
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_____________________________________________________________________答案：
People have always wanted to learn more about space and we have also made great achievements. Although many astronauts died in the exploration, the desire of human beings to explore the universe will never die. China has also made great progress in exploring space.
Scientists believe that future discoveries will contribute more to us.【学而思】
Do you think it meaningful for us to explore space? Please share your opinions with your classmates.
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_____________________________________________________________________1．determine vt.查明；确定；决定
[P40教材原文]However, some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.
然而，一些科学家决心帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。[归纳拓展]
(1)determine on/upon (doing) sth. 决定(做)某事
determine to do sth. 决定做某事(表示动作)
(2)determined adj. 坚决的；有决心的
be determined to do sth. 决定做某事(表示状态)
(3)determination n. 决心I'm so glad to know that you have determined on/upon studying further in Beijing in your last letter.
从你的上一封信中我很高兴得知你已决定在北京进一步学习。
Though Tom was stubborn, they determined to persuade him to travel together.
虽然汤姆很固执，但他们决定说服他一起去旅行。
Determined to study hard, he bored a hole in the wall to “steal” light from his neighbor to read at night.
决心努力学习，他在墙上凿了个洞从邻居家“偷”光，以便于晚上读书。
[名师点津] 高考中常把be determined to do sth.作状语的用法作为考查点，有类似用法的还有be lost in, be caught in, be absorbed in等。[即学即练]
(1)单句语法填空
①This made Hannah very sad and even more ____________ (determine) to do something.
②The ____________ (determine) look on his face showed that he had enough confidence in himself.determined determined (2)句式升级
③I'm determined to perform well in the final exam, so I'm occupied in preparing for it.
→______________________________ in the final exam, I'm occupied in preparing for it.(分词作状语)Determined to perform well2．desire n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望
[P41教材原文]These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died.
这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的愿望从未消失。
[归纳拓展]
(1)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
desire that... (should) do sth. 渴望……(应该)做某事
(2)have a strong desire to do sth./for sth. 迫切要做某事/急于得到某物She has a strong desire for knowledge and wants to go to college very much.
她对知识有强烈的渴望，很想上大学。
The desire to help others must come from the deep heart.
帮助别人的愿望必须发自内心深处。
[即学即练]
(1)单句语法填空
①We always desire (live) in peace with all the others.
②He expressed a strong desire that measures (be) taken to stop pollution.to livebe(2)一句多译
在场的所有学生都渴望上重点大学。
③All the students present ________________________________________.(desire n．)
④All the students present ________________________________.(desire v．)
⑤All the students present desire that they ________________________________.have a strong desire to go to a key university desire to go to a key university (should) go to a key university 3．carry on继续做，坚持干
[P41教材原文]This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
这是因为尽管有巨大的风险，人们还是相信继续进行太空探索的重要性。
[归纳拓展]
carry out 执行；实施
carry on with sth. 继续某事
carry on doing sth. 继续做某事Her bravery has given him the will to carry on with his life and his work.
她的勇敢给予了他继续生活和工作的意志(力)。
I myself will firmly carry out this plan.
我本人将坚决执行这个计划。[即学即练]
单句语法填空
①If you carry on ____________ (work) like that, you will break down sooner or later.
②First of all, the most significant thing is to set a goal, work out a plan and carry ____________ your plan step by step.working out4．signal vt. & vi.标志着；标明；发信号n.信号；标志
[P41教材原文]This signalled one step further in China's plan to establish a space station in the future.
这标志着中国未来建立空间站的计划又向前迈进了一步。
[归纳拓展]
(1)signal (to) sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事
signal [(to) sb.] that... 示意(某人)……
(2)a signal for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事的信号
When he closes his book, it's a signal for everyone to stand up.
当他把书合上时，这就表示该全体起立了。[即学即练]
(1)单句语法填空
①The police signaled to the driver ____________ (stop) his car.
②There was a signal for him ____________ (continue)．
(2)句式升级
③The bell rang, and signaled that school was over.
→The bell rang, ________________________________.(非限制性定语从句)
→The bell rang, ________________________________.(分词作状语)to stop to continuewhich signaled that school was over signaling that school was over 5．[P40教材原文]Looking up at the stars, people have always wanted to learn more about space, and scientists work hard to find answers.
仰望星空，人们总是想更多地了解太空，科学家们努力地去寻找答案。
[句式分析] Looking up at the stars为现在分词短语作状语。
[归纳拓展]
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。Ordered over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.
这些书是一个多星期以前订购的，现在有望随时到货。
Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way using the sun and the stars.
像古代的船员一样，鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。[即学即练]
单句语法填空
①____________ (compare) with the western medicine's high fees，TCM has a reasonable price that ordinary people can afford.
②The boy brought his guitar to the stage，____________(wear) a fashionable hat which made him seem so mysterious.
③____________(Think) that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way.Compared wearing Thinking6．[P41教材原文]This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
这是因为尽管有巨大的风险，人们还是相信继续进行太空探索的重要性。
[句式分析] This/That/It is because＋表语从句(表原因)“这/那是因为……”。He often refuses to take part in some sports events. It is because he is always so weak.
他经常拒绝参加一些体育活动，因为他总是那么虚弱。
That is why he was late for school this morning.
那就是他今天早晨迟到的原因。
China is developing fast. That's why I think those of my colleagues who deal with China affairs should visit China.
中国在飞速发展，那就是我为什么认为我的那些跟中国打交道的同事应该访问中国。
The reason why he didn't pass the exam was that he was too careless.
他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。[即学即练]
单句语法填空
①The problem is ____________ one less hour of sleep is not equal to an extra hour of achievement.
②What is even more important is ____________ the earth cooled down, and water began to appear on its surface.
③The reason ____________ he was late is that there was heavy traffic on the road.that that why课后 限时训练课件24张PPT。Period Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures语法 专项突破不定式作定语和状语
诵读下列句子并写出加黑部分的句子成分
1．(教材P40)Looking up at the stars, people have always wanted to learn more about space, and scientists work hard to find answers.__________________
2．(教材P40)They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe.__________________不定式作目的状语 不定式作目的状语 3．(教材P41)More recently, China has sent Chang'e 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurements and observations.
__________________
4．(教材P40)However, some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.________________
5．(教材P40)Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.________________
6．(教材P41)These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died.________________不定式作目的状语 不定式作定语 不定式作定语 不定式作定语以do为例，不定式的各种形式如下表：1.不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语常表示将来的动作。
The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important.
将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。
(2)不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。
He has no pen to write with.
他没有钢笔写字。(3)不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词，且与中心词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
(4)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。[即学即练]
画出下列句子中的不定式并判断它们作谁的定语
①I have a lot of things to do today.
答案：I have a lot of things today.作things的定语
②There are two letters to be typed.
答案：There are two letters .作letters的定语
③Let's go and get something to drink.
答案：Let's go and get something .作something的定语to doto be typedto drink④There's no need to worry at all.
答案：There's no need at all.作need的定语
⑤We have a right to know.
答案：We have a right .作right的定语
⑥She didn't have the courage to tell you that.
答案：She didn't have the courage you that.作courage的定语
⑦That's probably the only thing to do now.
答案：That's probably the only thing now.作the only thing的定语
⑧Please give me some paper to write on.
答案：Please give me some paper .作paper的定语to worryto knowto tellto doto write on2．不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语
不定式作目的状语意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加in order或so as，但so as to不能用于句首。
To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard.
为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。
The bus stopped in order to/so as to pick up passengers.
公共汽车停下来以便接载乘客。(2)作结果状语
不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果。
Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.
汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。(3)作原因状语
①常用于“主语(人)＋系动词＋形容词/过去分词＋to do”结构中。
形容词或过去分词作表语时，后可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况，常用于这类结构中的形容词和过去分词有sorry，surprised，disappointed，excited，glad，happy，anxious，delighted，pleased，foolish等。
We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.
令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。②常用于“主语(物)＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。
这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, cheap，expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good, important, impossible, dangerous等，表示主语的特征或性质，不定式和句子主语之间存在动宾关系，但常用主动形式表示被动意义。
The morning air is so good to breathe that he gets up early every day.
早上的空气呼吸起来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。[即学即练]
画出下列句子中的不定式并判断它们作哪种类型的状语
①They ran over to welcome us.
答案：They ran over us.目的状语
②I'm sorry to hear that.
答案：I'm sorry that.原因状语
③The girls are easy to get along with.
答案：The girls are easy .原因状语to welcometo hearto get along with④You are right to say so.
答案：You are right .原因状语
⑤She was glad to see us.
答案：She was glad us.原因状语
⑥Never too old to learn.
答案：Never too old .结果状语
⑦It was too late to do anything now.
答案：It was too late anything now.结果状语
⑧She was unwilling to take the job.
答案：She was unwilling the job.原因状语to say soto seeto learnto doto takeⅠ.单句语法填空
1．With a lot of work _________ (do), she wasn't allowed to leave her office.
2．The airport __________________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
3．He hurried to the train station, only ____________ (find) the train had left.
4．____________ (save) energy, we turn off the lights for Earth Hour on the last Saturday in March.to do to be completedto find To save5．However，our discussions are more than just a way ____________(practice) our debating skills.
6．We're never going to have enough time ____________ (explore) everything!
7．He went to the station hurriedly only ____________ (tell) the train had left.
8．I bought some young trees ____________ (plant) on the hill.
9．The building ____________ (build) next year will be a gym.
10．There are still lots of problems ____________ (deal) with.to practice to explore to be toldto plant to be built to be dealtⅡ.语法填空
According to a recent survey, violence did exist in schools. Students showed their fear and parents and teachers also 1.____________ (express) their great concern about it. Experts hope 2.____________ whole society pays more attention to the mental health of adolescents. Nowadays, school violence is a hot issue. I think this is a phenomenon, which 3.____________ (call) for our great concern. We should make every effort 4.____________ (prevent) school violence from happening at school, for more and more students would drop out of school if their personal 5.____________ (safe) could not be guaranteed. In fact, violence can be learned. 6.____________ (actual), children learn violence behavior from adults or from 7.____________ they see on television or on the Internet. If I meet with school violence, I will not answer violence with violence, for it will result in 8.____________ (much) fighting. I will tell my teachers or parents about it. I think they will help me deal with it well and they will protect me from the bad guys.
All in all, we students should behave 9.____________ (we) and keep away 10.____________ violence.[语篇解读] 校园暴力这一现象引起了老师和家长的关注。本文介绍了校园暴力形成的原因以及阻止校园暴力的方法。
1．解析：根据该句中的“showed”可知，该句叙述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填expressed。
答案：expressed
2．解析：the whole society意为“全社会”，为固定用法，故填the。
答案：the3．解析：分析该句结构可知，该句为定语从句，which指代“a phenomenon”，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数；由“I think this is”可知，应用一般现在时，故填calls。
答案：calls
4．解析：句意：我们应当尽一切努力来阻止校园暴力的发生。make every effort to do sth.为固定搭配，故此处应用动词不定式。
答案：to prevent
5．解析：根据空处前的“their personal”可知，空处应填名词safety。
答案：safety6．解析：分析该句结构可知，空处修饰全句，作状语，故用副词Actually。
答案：Actually
7．解析：分析该句结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作“see”的宾语，故用what。
答案：what
8．解析：句意：如果我遇到校园暴力，我不会以暴制暴，因为这会导致更多的打斗。根据句意可知，空处应使用比较级。
答案：more9．解析：behave oneself为固定搭配，意为“举止规矩有礼，检点”；根据主语“we”可知，空处应用反身代词ourselves。
答案：ourselves
10．解析：keep away from为固定搭配，意为“远离”。
答案：from课件75张PPT。Period Ⅳ Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing课前 自主学习 课堂 合作探究写作 能力提升课后 限时训练名著赏析?素养提能单元达标检测新知探求
Ⅰ.根据词义写出正确的单词
1．____________ n．设施；设备
2．____________ adj.热衷的；渴望的
3．____________ adj.肤浅的；浅的
4．____________ n．模式；图案；模范
5．____________ n．监视器；监测仪vt.监视；监测；监控
6．____________ n．泡沫橡胶；泡沫
7．____________ n．枕头
8．____________ n．智能手机facility keen shallow pattern monitor foam pillow smartphoneⅡ.词汇拓展
1．____________ n．地球；世界；地球仪→____________ adj.全球的
2．_________ vt. & vi.论证；争辩；争论→____________ n．争论；争吵；论点
3．____________ adj.致命的；灾难性的→____________ adv.致命地；不幸地
4．____________ n．分析；分析结果→____________ (pl.)分析；分析结果
5．_________ adj.定期的；经常的；正常的→___________ adv.经常；定期地globe global argue argument fatal fatallyanalysis analyses regular regularlyanalysis regularly keen shallowargumentⅣ.根据汉语意思补全短语
1．make ____________ difference起作用；做出改变
2．fight ____________与……斗争
3．result ____________导致；造成
4．____________ number of许多
5．as ____________ result所以；结果(是)a against in a a 6．meet the requirements ____________满足……要求
7．____________present目前
8．provide ____________ sb.提供生活所需
9．____________ closing最后
10．run ____________用完；耗尽for at for in out【词汇攻略】
1．“动词＋out”短语
work out 算出，制定出；let out发出，放出，泄露，出租；look out 当心，小心；turn out 结果证明是；put out扑灭，生产，出版；come out出来，出版，发行；break out (战争、火灾、)爆发；make out理解，辨认；set out
着手，出发，起程；hand out 分发；die out 灭绝；leave out 省略，遗漏；find out 发现；figure out 算出，了解，弄明白；point out 指出；watch out 注意；give out 放出，发出，耗尽，公布2．表示“许多”的词组
(1)修饰可数名词
many；many a；a great/good many；a great/good/large number of；dozens of；scores of；quite a few
(2)修饰不可数名词
a great/good deal of；large/great amounts of；a large/great amount of；a large sum of；much
(3)修饰可数或不可数名词
a lot of/lots of；plenty of；a large/great quantity of；large/great quantities of语篇研析
Ⅰ.速读文章并完成下面的问题
1．What is the author's attitude towards exploring space according to the text?
A．Opposed. B．Supportive.
C．Doubtful. D．Uncertain.
答案：B2．What is the conclusion of the text about exploring space?
___________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅱ.细读文章后判断下列句子的正误(T/F)
1．Some people think that we should spend time and money feeding the world's poor and finding immediate solutions to other problems instead of wasting them on space exploration.( )
2．There are lots of satellites orbiting Earth which can help fight against world hunger.( )Exploring space should continue to provide new and better solutions to people'sproblems.T T 3．Space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit only those who have been into space.( )
4．In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population, scientists have found other planets，for example Mars, which can be our new home.( )F F Ⅲ.句式分析
1．Instead, we should feed the world's poor and find immediate solutions to other problems, such as pollution and fatal diseases. However, others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us.
[分析] immediate solutions：直接方法。“which fails to realise how exploring space helps us”是“a shallow view”的________从句，这个从句中的“how exploring space helps us”是“realise” 的________从句。
[翻译] ______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________定语 宾语 而是我们应该养活世界上的穷人，并找到解决其他问题的直接方法，例如污染和致命疾病。然而，其他人认为这是一个肤浅的观点，没有意识到探索太空是如何帮助我们的。 2．As a result, space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth's increasing population.
[分析] “to grow enough food”是宾语补足语；“to feed Earth's increasing population”是________状语；“in its efforts”是介词短语作状语。
[翻译] _____________________________________________________________
________________目的 因此，天基科学帮助农业努力种植足够的粮食来养活地球上不断增长的人口。 3．Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet's resources are limited.
[分析] “Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea”是________短语作主语；“that our planet's resources are limited”是________从句。
[翻译] _____________________________________________________________
______________________动名词 宾语把我们星球的图片看作黑色海洋中的一个岛屿使人们意识到我们星球的资源是有限的。 4．High-end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of advanced technology which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration.
[分析] “be made to a higher standard”意为“按照更高的标准制造”；“which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration”是________从句。
[翻译] ____________________________________________________________
______________________________________定语 世界各地的高端产品现在按照更高的标准制造出来是由于最早为满足太空探索的需要而创造的先进技术。 Ⅳ.概要写作
根据P44课文内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________答案：
Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space. However, others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us.
Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all. Finally, sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world's problems and even to find ways to solve them. Therefore, exploring space should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people's short-term and long-term problems.【学而思】
What is your opinion on exploring space?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1．argue vt. & vi.论证；争辩；争论
[P44教材原文]Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.
有些人认为我们应该停止把时间和钱浪费在探索太空上。
[归纳拓展]
(1)argue for/against 据理主张/反对
argue that...(should) do sth. 主张……
argue with sb.on/about/over sth. 与某人争辩某事
argue/talk/persuade sb.into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
(2)beyond argument 无可争辩Gun control is a subject about/over which Americans have argued for a long time.
控制枪支是美国人争论了很久的问题。
We all find both of his arguments convincing and interesting.
我们都觉得他的两个观点令人信服而且有趣。
Many experts argue for the ban of riding motorcycles in the city.
许多专家主张禁止在城市中骑摩托车。[即学即练]
(1)单句语法填空
①It ____________ (argue) that steps be taken to make the road safer.
②I argue that everyone _______ (try) to help those in need.
(2)一句多译
我们想方设法劝说他接受我们的建议，但都是徒劳。
③We tried many ways ______________________________________， but in vain. (argue)
④_________________________________________________________________， but in vain. (persuade)
⑤__________________________________________________， but in vain. (talk)is argued tryto argue him into following our advice We tried many ways to persuade him into following/to follow our advice We tried many ways to talk him into following our advice 2．make a difference 起作用；做出改变
[P44教材原文]Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.
首先，探索太空已经在战胜世界饥饿方面发挥了作用。
[归纳拓展]
make a difference to...对……有作用/有影响
make some/any/no/little difference (to...) (对……)有/没作用或影响
tell the difference (between...and...) 辨别/区分(……与……)Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish.
只有我们言行一致才能对所要做的事情起到作用。
It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.
这说明了急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用。 [即学即练]
(1)单句语法填空
①Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a ____________ (different) in the world.
②I can never tell the ____________ (different) between the twins.
③Whether he could get support from his parents made a great difference _______ the plan.
(2)完成句子
④每个人都能通过做好工作对我们的社会起到重要作用。
Everyone ____________________________________ by performing his job well. difference difference tocan make a great difference to our society 3．result in导致；造成
[P44教材原文]It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth.
它直接导致了现在环绕地球运行的许多卫星。
[归纳拓展]
(1)result from 由……造成；因……而产生
(2)as a result 结果
as a result of 由于……的结果
without result 没有结果；白费(力气)People have better access to health care than they used to, and they're living longer as a result.
相比以前，人们能得到更好的医疗保健，因此更长寿。
This often results in people losing confidence in their driving skills.
这种情况通常导致人们对他们的驾驶技能失去信心。[即学即练]
(1)单句语法填空
①We tried hard，but ____________result.
②He was late ____________ a result of the rain.
③His laziness result ____________ his failure.
(2)一句多译
就我所知，这个事故是由他的粗心大意导致的。
④As far as I know，his carelessness ______________ the accident.
⑤As far as I know，the accident ______________ his carelessness.without as in resulted in resulted from 4．provide v．提供；供应；给予；规定
[P44教材原文]After careful analysis, the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice for farmers.
经过仔细分析，科学家们可以为农民提供有用的建议。Though he has two children to provide for, he manages to provide them with all the comforts.
尽管他要抚养两个孩子，他设法给他们提供所有的舒适条件。
Provided/Providing that there is money on you, you can buy whatever you like.
如果你身上有钱，你可以买你喜欢的任何东西。 [即学即练]
完成句子
如果您能提供给我更多具体的信息，我将不胜感激。
I would appreciate it if _________________________________________________
_______________________________________________.you could provide more specific information for me/youcould provide me with more specific information 5．effort n．气力；努力；费力的事；艰难的尝试；试图；尽力；有组织的活动
[P44教材原文]As a result, space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth's increasing population.
结果，天基科学已经帮助农业努力种植足够的粮食来养活地球上不断增长的人口。
[归纳拓展]
(1)make an effort/efforts/every effort to do sth. (尽一切)努力做某事
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事
(2)with effort 努力地
without effort 不费力地，容易地More efforts, as reported, will be made in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.
据报道，未来几年将会付出更多的努力来加快供给侧结构性改革。
I am certain that with your great efforts, you will enjoy a colorful and fruitful life here.
我相信有了你的巨大努力，你就会在这里享受多姿多彩、硕果累累的生活。
The traffic problems have severely affected economic development, so we must make efforts to solve them.
交通问题已经严重影响了经济的发展，因此，我们必须努力解决这些问题。 [即学即练]
完成句子
干净的空气非常重要，因此政府不遗余力地防止空气污染。
Clean air is very important, so the government . spares no effort to prevent air pollution6．advance adj.预先的，在前的v.前进，进展；促进；提前n. 前进，进展，进步
[P44教材原文]High-end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of advanced technology which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration.
世界各地的高端产品现在按照更高的标准制造出来是由于最早为满足太空探索的需要而创造的先进技术。[归纳拓展]
(1)in advance＝ahead of time 提前；预先
make an advance in sth. 在某方面有进步
(2)advanced adj. 先进的；高级的
[名师点津] advance作形容词时，意为“预先的，在前的”；advanced意为“高级的；先进的”。He would call in advance to make sure there was no alcohol at the party.
他总提前打电话，确保聚会中不喝酒。
In recent years, we have advanced greatly in our knowledge of the universe.
近几年，我们对宇宙的认识取得了很大的进步。
Thanks to the advanced technology, we live in an age of better communication.
多亏了先进的技术，我们生活在一个先进的通信时代。[即学即练]
一句多译
有了先进的科技，将来科学家会在科技方面取得更多的进步。
①With advanced technology, scientists ___________________________________ in the future.
②With advanced technology, ______________________________________ by scientists in the future.will make more advances in technology more advances in technology will be made7．present vt. 陈述；提出(观点、计划等)；呈现；赠送；颁发；介绍adj.出席的，在场的；现在的，当前的n.礼物；目前
[P44教材原文]The greatest attention at present is on Mars because it is closer to Earth. In the future, humans may live on both planets.
目前最受关注的是火星，因为它离地球较近。在未来，人类可能生活在两个行星上。[归纳拓展]
(1)present sb. with sth. 向某人赠送/颁发某物
present sth. to sb. 向某人提供某物/向某人赠送某物
(2)be present at... 出席……
(3)at present＝at the present time 目前，现在
for the present 目前；暂时
[名师点津] present 用作形容词，表示“在场的”时，通常作表语或后置定语；表示“现在的”时，常用作前置定语。The Grammy Awards are presented every year in the music industry in the United States.
格莱美奖在美国音乐界每年颁奖一次。
We do not have any more information at the present time/at present.
目前我们没有进一步的消息。
All the people present at the party were his supporters.
所有出席聚会的人都是他的支持者。 [即学即练]
一句多译
在教师节，我的学生送给我一些鲜花。
①On Teachers' Day, __________________________________________.
②On Teachers' Day, __________________________________________.my students presented me with some flowers my students presented some flowers to me 如何写议论文
议论文通过议论或说理来表达作者见解和主张。作者对某一问题持有一种看法，为了使读者同意自己的看法，提出若干理由，企图说服他人。高中英语议论文的写作要注意以下几点：
1．论点要鲜明、确切，一篇议论文只能有一个中心论点，论点一般在开头提出，然后加以论证。2．论据要充分、可靠。一般是以事实为论据，也可以利用成语、格言、名人名言作为论据。
3．论证要严密、得法。归纳法和演绎法是议论文常用的论证方法。归纳法以例子为基础，从几个例子和现象中，归纳出某种道理和看法。演绎法以一个或多个看法为基础，从一般论断，演绎到不同事例，再加以论述，最后再回到一般论断上来。【常用表达】
第一部分，套用相关句型来引出议论。
1．Recently, our class have had a heated discussion about whether...
2．These years, some students are interested in...
3．Now, some people hold the view that...
4．I'm writing to tell you about the discussion we have had about...
5．There are two opinions on it.
6．Opinions are divided on the question.第二部分，采用关联词和句型列举事实依据，采用正反对比或归纳推理的方法，证明所持观点的正确性及表明其所持的态度。
1．Besides/In addition/Apart from it/What's more/Above all...
2．For example.../There are...，such as...and so on.
3．On one hand...on the other hand...
4．First...Second...Third...
5．On the contrary/However/While.../But...6．At the same time, we should...
7．If...，I believe we will...
8．As we see/As we all know/As far as I know，...
9．Of all students, 40% of them think..., but others do not agree.
10．Some people believe that..., but others say/consider that...
11．Some students are for the idea/are in favor of it/agree with it, while/but/however others are against it/disagree with it.第三部分，引用表示因果关系的关联词语、总结性的语句强调和重申提出的观点，或者引用某些特定的短语和句型来揭示观点、礼貌地征求对方的建议。
1．In a word，.../In short，.../In brief，...
2．As a result，.../Therefore，...
3．No doubt doing something is.../There is no doubt that...
4．So in a word, we should...，only in this way can we...
5．Generally speaking, most students think we should...6．In fact/As a matter of fact, we can...
7．So, for something, I suggest that we should do...
8．In my opinion, I think...
9．I have my own view about it, and I think...
10．Personally, I believe it is...
11．Now, we really don't know what to do about it. Could you tell us some good advice and help us out?【写作模板】
(一)不同观点列举型(选择型)
There is a widespread concern over the issue that (作文题目)________. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that (观点一)________. In their views there are two factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, (原因一)________．Furthermore, in the second place, (原因二)________. So it goes without saying that (观点一)________． People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that (观点二)________. In their point of view, on the one hand，(原因一)________. On the other hand, (原因二)________. Therefore, there is no doubt that (观点二)________．
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that (观点一或二)________. It is not only because ________， but also because ________. The more ________， the more ________.(二)利弊型的议论文
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that) (作文题目)________. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in (题目议题)________. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, (优点一)________. And secondly (优点二)________． Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”， (讨论议题)________ is no exception, and in other words, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, (缺点一)________. In addition, (缺点二)________．
To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of (讨论议题)________ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the (讨论议题)________．(三)答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that) (作文题目)________. It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, (途径一)________. In addition, another way contributing to success of solving the problem is (途径二)________．
Above all, to solve the problem of (作文题目)________， we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, (方法)________．(四)谚语警句性议论文
It is well know to us that the proverb: “(谚语)________” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means (谚语的含义)________. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.
A case in point is (例子)________. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great importance to practice the proverb (谚语)________． With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: (谚语)________. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.近年来，学生越来越广泛地使用电子词典，这既给学生带来了便利，也给学生带来了一些负面影响。请你根据以下要求写一篇英语短文：
1．电子词典的优点；
2．电子词典的缺点；
3．你的观点和结论。
注意：词数80左右。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【审题谋篇】
第一步 明确要求
该写作属于利弊型的议论文，故以第三人称为主；时态以一般现在时为主。
第二步 确定段落
本文应该至少分四段：
Para. 1 提出话题。
Para. 2 使用电子词典的好处。
Para. 3 使用电子词典的坏处。
Para. 4 你的观点和结论。第三步 提炼要点
1．The discussion about electronic dictionaries has never stopped in the past few years.
近几年来，关于电子词典的讨论从未停止过。
2．An electronic dictionary has lots of advantages.
电子词典有很多优点。
3．The negative effects of an electronic dictionary are also obvious.
电子词典的负面影响也很明显。
4．It can be most helpful to us in many respects so long as we can make proper use of it.
只要我们能适当地利用它，它在许多方面对我们都会很有帮助。第四步 句式升级
1．电子词典有很多优点，最大的优点就是它的方便。
(一般表达)An electronic dictionary has lots of advantages. The biggest is its convenience.
(高级表达)An electronic dictionary has lots of advantages, ____________ the biggest is its convenience.of which 2. 现在，我们可以清楚地看到，电子词典本身并不是有益或有害的。
(一般表达)Now, we can see that an electronic dictionary is not beneficial or harmful in itself.
(高级表达)Now, we can see it clearly that an electronic dictionary is ____________________________ in itself.neither beneficial nor harmful【参考范文】
The discussion about electronic dictionaries has never stopped in the past few years.
An electronic dictionary has lots of advantages, of which the biggest is its convenience. What's more, they can pronounce the words clearly. Last but not least, more and more students can afford them. However, the negative effects are also obvious. To begin with, some students rely too much on them. In the second place, some explanations are not so accurate.
Now, we can see it clearly that an electronic dictionary is neither beneficial nor harmful in itself. The key lies in the users—so long as we can make proper use of it, it can be most helpful to us in many respects.【亮点点评】
本文结构严谨。首段提出一个长时间争论的话题；第二段中指出该事物的优点；第三段阐述缺点；第四段首句下结论，表明此事物本身无对错，第二句指出关键在于使用者，即如果合理使用，就会从中受益。 文章的论点和结论清楚明了，论据充分有力。
在文字的运用上，本文词汇丰富，衔接顺畅而不乏高级词汇。例如afford, rely too much on和last but not least等的运用，恰当而有力。暑假即将来临。你班同学讨论了假期计划，提出不同看法，请根据提示写一篇有关讨论的英语短文，并谈谈你的看法。注意：1.词数80左右(不含已写好的部分)；
2．短文必须包括表中所列要点，可根据内容分段表述；
3．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：眼界horizon(或view)
The summer holiday is coming. Our class have had a discussion about what to do during the holiday.________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________课后 限时训练佳作/名著赏析·素养提能
Despite the fact that it's over a century old, Einstein's theory of general relativity is our current understanding of how gravity operates. In this view, space and time are merged together into a unified framework known as (no surprises here) space-time. This space-time isn't just a fixed stage but bends and flexes in response to the presence of matter and energy. That bending, warping and flexing of space-time then goes on to tell matter how to move. In general relativity, everything from bits of light to speeding bullets to blasting spaceships want to travel in straight lines. But the space-time around them is warped, forcing them all to follow curved trajectories—like trying to cross a mountain pass in a straight line, but following the peaks and valleys of the topography.
What we call “gravity” is then the result of all that warping of space-time, and the fact that moving objects have no choice but to follow the curves and undulations of space-time around it. And like any other flexible surface, space-time doesn't just bend and flex; it also vibrates.
If you stand on a trampoline, you'll bend the trampoline down. If anyone tries to walk on the trampoline near you, they will feel your “gravity” and be forced to follow a curving path. But far enough away from you, they won't even notice your gravitational influence.重力波
尽管爱因斯坦的广义相对论已有一个多世纪的历史，但它是我们目前对引力如何运作的理解。在这一观点中，空间和时间被合并成一个统一的框架，称为(这里没有惊喜)时空。这个时空不只是一个固定的阶段，而是随着物质和能量的存在而弯曲变形。
时空的弯曲，扭曲和变形，然后继续告诉物质如何移动。在广义相对论中，从微光到高速子弹，再到爆炸的宇宙飞船，所有的东西都想沿直线飞行。但它们周围的时空是扭曲的，迫使它们都遵循弯曲的轨迹——就像试图以直线穿过山口，却追随地形的峰峦和山谷。 我们称之为“引力”是所有时空扭曲的结果，是运动物体别无选择只能沿着它周围的时空曲线和波动。
和任何其他的柔性表面一样，时空不仅仅是弯曲和变形，它也会振动。
如果你站在蹦床上，你会把蹦床弄弯的。如果有人试图在你附近的蹦床上行走，他们会感觉到你的“重力”，被迫沿着弯曲的路径走。但离你足够远，他们甚至不会注意到你的引力影响。 单元达标检测
