2020中考初中英语书面表达速成

2020中考初中英语书面表达速成

中考英语作文考什么？
1. 语言能力。具体来说就是考查学生运用书面语言表达观点、意图和情感等的能力。它需要学生具备一定的语言知识(词汇、语法、语篇 知识)及准确理解他人、得体表达自己的语用知识。
2. 思维品质。也就是考查学生的思维在逻辑性、批判性、创造性等方面的能力和水平。目标是让学生能辨析语言和文化中的具体现象，梳理、概括信息，建构新概念，分析、推断信息的逻辑关系，正确评判各种思想观点，创造性地表达自己的观点，具备多元思维的意识和创新思维的能力。
3. 文化意识。即考查学生用英语介绍中国优秀传统文化、美德、习俗等，用英语讲好家国故事。

英语课程标准对“写”的五级目标要求是什么？
《义务教育英语课程标准》对“写”的五级目标要求为：
1. 能根据写作要求，收集、准备素材。
2. 能独立起草短文、短信等，并在教师的指导下进行修改。
3. 能使用常见的连接词表示顺序和逻辑关系。
4. 能简单描述人物或事件。
5. 能根据图示或表格写出简单的段落或操作说明。

近年来它的命制有何特点？
1. 考查学生的思辨能力及文化品质的命题逐年增多。
2. 命题多数为半开放式，话题多与学生生活密切相关，如个人情况，家庭、朋友与周围的人，节假日活动，学校，人际交往，个人兴趣，日常活动，计划与安排，卫生与健康，世界与环境等。
3. 命题多数有用英语交际的必要性，如给英语国家的网友、笔友发电子邮件，校英语广播站专栏征文，英语演讲，某英文杂志征稿，在某英文网站上发帖、回帖等。因此写作时，语言不仅要准确、流利，还要得体。
4. 体裁以说明文、应用文居多，记叙文、议论文次之。
5. 提示方式有表格、思维导图、文字、图文提示等，它们为学生构思文章整体结构提供了线索。
6. 评分要求也越来越高，比如内容要点是否齐全，结构是否合理，语言是否流畅等。

英语课程标准“五级写作评分标准”具体是如何描述的？
以下为“五级写作评分标准”样例(以满分20分为例)
第五档(18-20分)：很好地完成了规定的写作任务。包含所有内容要点，结构完整，语句流畅，意思清楚、连贯。使用较为丰富的语法结构和词汇，语法和词汇错误极少，格式正确，书写规范。
第四档(14-17分)：较好地完成了规定的写作任务。基本上包含所有内容要点，结构较为完整，语句完整，意思清楚。语法结构和词汇错误较少，格式基本正确，书写较为规范。
第三档(10-13分)：基本上完成了规定的写作任务。包含主要内容要点，结构欠完整，少数语句不通顺，意思基本清楚。语法结构和词汇错误较多，格式基本正确，书写基本规范。
第二档(6-9分)：未能按要求完成规定的写作任务。只包含少数内容要点，结构不完整，多数语句欠完整，意思不够清楚。语法结构和词汇错误较多，影响理解，格式不够正确，书写欠规范。
第一档(0-5分)：未能按要求完成规定的写作任务。只写出个别要点，结构不完整，多数语句不完整或意思不明，语法和词汇错误很多，书写不规范。
英语课程标准提供的这份样例，化繁为简，就是要在内容，结构，语言三个方面进行考虑。内容要点应该齐全，结构应该完整，语言不仅要关注它的准确性、还要关注它的流利性和得体性。

书写案例
评卷时，如果书写较差、不工整，影响阅卷老师辨识，分数会降低一个档次。中考对书写的要求更高，因此，同学们平时就应该养成良好的习惯，打下坚实的基础。
以下展示优秀书写和不规范案例：
1. 优秀书写案例

2. 不规范案例(字母悬空，高出标准线)

分话题写作专项训练
个人情况&家庭、朋友与周围的人
A
某国际学校拟举办第一届英语口语大赛，现正在招募志愿者。假如你是韩一诺，你希望成为其中的一员。请根据以下表格提示给该校负责人——来自美国的Mr. Smith写一封自荐信。
提示：
基本情况 年龄、外貌、性格等；
个人优势 善于交朋友，乐于助人，英语口语棒；
其他 承诺要认真工作。
要求：1. 内容包括表格中所有提示信息，可适当发挥；2. 语言流畅，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范；3. 词数：100—130。信的格式、开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Mr. Smith,
I’m Han Yinuo. ______________________________________________________________
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I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Han Yinuo
B
同学们，在我们成长的路上，总有一些人影响并改变着我们。他们的一个微笑，一个眼神，一声问候……都会让我们改变，并受益终身。本周你校要举办一次题为“The person who impressed me a lot (让我印象深刻)”的英语演讲比赛。假如你有兴趣参加，请写一篇短文为你的演讲准备。
要求：1. 内容完整，结构清晰，语言流畅；2. 文中不得出现真实的校名，姓名等个人信息；3. 词数：不少于100。短文的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
The person who impressed me a lot
Hello, everyone! There are many people in my life.
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That’s all. Thank you!

日常活动&学校
A
劳逸结合，学习才能事半功倍。平时放学后你是怎么放松自己的呢？本周英语角就此话题展开讨论，请你根据以下提示写一篇短文为你的发言做准备。
提示：1. 放松方式；2. 获得哪些益处。
要求：1. 紧扣主题，语言表达要准确，语意要通顺、连贯；2. 词数：不少于100。
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B
最近你校就“该不该推迟中小学早上上学时间”进行了问卷调查，其中有92%的同学表示赞成。假如你是问卷调查负责人，请你根据下图提示，写一篇短文说明你校的调查结果并阐述赞成的理由，然后发表在你校英文网站上。

要求：1. 内容须包含所有提示信息；2. 意思清楚，表达通顺，行文连贯，书写规范；3. 请勿在文中出现真实的信息；4. 词数：100—130。短文的开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：延迟delay；有效地efficiently
Our school did a survey to ask if the school should delay the time school starts in the morning.
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情感与情绪&人际交往
A
假如你是刘瑞，你的美国笔友Janet网络和你探讨有关人际交往的话题，请你根据她给你的留言给她回复信息。
Hi, Liu Rui! Recently, I have problems with my best friend Lisa. Sometimes, she is angry with me for no reason or sometimes she doesn’t say a word to me but I don’t know why. Now I’m confused (迷惑的) about it. What should I do?
要求：1. 给出建议时要条理清晰、语言流畅、用词准确；2. 词数：100—130。短文的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Hey, Janet! I can understand you. Sometimes I also have such a problem. I think it’s normal in our daily life. Here’s my advice.
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That’s my advice. I hope it will help you.
B
有些父母在该陪伴孩子的时候，却选择沉迷于网络世界，不和孩子去交流，这其实是一种“冷暴力”。今天英语课上老师给你们呈现了下面这幅漫画，要求你们写一篇短文描述漫画，阐述你对此现象的看法并给出建议。
要求：1. 发挥合理想象，描述图片；2. 语言流畅，用词准确，逻辑合理；3. 词数：不少于130。
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节假日活动
白色的粉笔末，一点点飘落，染白了老师的头发，却成就了学生。假如今天是教师节，你们班用自己的方式为老师送上了祝福。请根据下列图片提示，写一篇短文，介绍你们班是如何庆祝教师节的，并发表在你校英文网站上。

要求：1. 内容包括图片中的所有信息，可适当发挥；2. 语言表达要准确，语意要通顺、连贯；3. 词数：不少于100。短文的开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：班长 monitor
Today is Teachers’ Day. Our class celebrated it in our own way. ________________
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卫生与健康
健康的身体是学生学习的重要保障，但现在的电子产品占据了学生锻炼的时间，快餐食品直接给学生的健康带来了危害。假如你是你校英语广播站的小记者，请你根据下面的思维导图，以“Rules for a healthy life” 为题写一篇短文作为播音稿为全校学生介绍健康的生活方式。

要求：1. 内容包括思维导图中的所有信息，可适当补充细节；2. 语言流畅，层次分明；3. 词数：100—130。短文的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Rules for a healthy life
Hey, friends. We all want to keep healthy but some of us don’t know how to keep healthy. Here are four rules for a healthy life.
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That’s all. Thank you for your listening!

安全与救护
作为中学生，我们应该时时规范自身行为，保护个人安全。假如你校英文网站就“How do we protect ourselves?”这一话题发帖，征集建议。请你根据以下提示写一篇短文跟帖回复。
提示：1. 遵守校规校纪，防止意外发生；2. 慎重交友，特别是网上交友更要谨慎；3. 不和陌生人说话；4. 晚上不要独自一人在外逗留。
要求：1. 内容包括所有提示信息，可适当发挥；2. 句子连贯，语意通顺，书写规范；3. 词数：不少于100。短文的开头已给出，不计入总词数。
How do we protect ourselves?
As middle school students, it’s very important for us to protect ourselves in our daily life. But how do we protect ourselves? Here’s my advice.
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计划与安排
暑假马上来临了，你班同学暑假都有什么计划与安排呢？作为英语科代表，你对此做了一项调查，结果如图(饼状图)。请你写一篇短文说明调查结果并谈谈你的计划及理由，然后在下节英语课上作汇报。

要求：1. 描述图表，可增加细节；2. 语言表达要准确，语意要通顺、连贯；3. 词数：100—130。短文的开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Hello, everyone! I did a survey of our classmates’ plans for the summer holidays. Here are the
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语言学习
假如你是牛莉，你这一年来英语学习进步很大，同学们都想向你取经，因此英语老师让你在下节英语课上分享你学习英语的经历。请你写一篇短文为你的发言做准备。
提示：1. 学习困难有哪些？2. 采取什么方法提高的？
要求：1. 语言表达要准确，语意要通顺、连贯；2. 词数：100—130。
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世界与环境
地球是生命的摇篮，离开她我们将无法生存。然而，随着社会的快速发展，人类为了满足自己日益增长的物质生活需求，正一步步摧毁我们的家园。我们必须面对现实，采取行动保护环境。请写一篇题为“Let’s do something to protect the environment!”的宣传稿呼吁广大师生保护环境，并张贴在你校英语宣传栏内。
提示：1. 减少使用塑料制品；2. 绿色出行；3. 治理垃圾；4. …… (至少补充一种方法)
要求：1. 内容包括所有提示要点，可适当发挥；2. 逻辑合理，语言得体；3. 词数：90左右。短文的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：垃圾桶 rubbish bin；分类 sort
Let’s do something to protect the environment!
Hello, everyone! Today there is more and more pollution and the environment is becoming worse and worse. So we have to do something to protect the environment. Here are some ways. __
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I believe if everyone makes an effort, the environment will become better and better.

自然
你校英语社团上周组织了一次关于“公寓里养宠物的利与弊”的辩论会。假如你是辩论会负责人，请你根据表格提示写一篇短文，介绍辩论会的情况，并表达自己的观点，发表在某英语杂志专栏Focus上，以便和其他同学做进一步交流。
正方观点 1. 人与动物相处，减少孤独；2. 养宠物减轻压力，培养耐心。
反方观点 1. 宠物随地大小便，污染环境；2. 宠物扰民，甚至伤人。
你的观点 ……
要求：1. 内容包括表格中的所有提示信息，可适当增加细节；2. 语言表达准确，逻辑清楚，层次分明；3. 词数：100—130。短文的开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：小便 pee；大便 poop
Last week the members in our English club had a discussion about whether people living in an apartment should keep pets.
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故事与诗歌
A
为了宣传和弘扬中国优秀传统文化，你校 每周都举办英语故事会。本周的英语故事会又快到了，请你根据下列图片提示，写一篇短文讲述《精卫填海》这一神话故事并写出你从中受到的启示，为你的发言做准备。

要求：1. 内容须包括图片中的所有信息；2. 语言表达要准确，语意要通顺、连贯；3. 词数：100—130。短文的开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Once upon a time, there was a little girl called Nuwa.
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B
你校最近要举行一次英文写作大赛，形式很特别，是让同学们阅读下面这首歌曲的一部分歌词，然后写出你对这部分歌词的理解以及你的感悟。假如你对此很感兴趣，请写一篇短文参赛。
I Believe I Can Fly
I used to think that I could not go on
And life was nothing but an awful song
...
I believe I can fly
I believe I can touch the sky
I think about it every night and day
Spread my wings and fly away
...
要求：1. 语言表达要准确，语意要通顺、连贯；2. 词数：80—100。短文的开头已给出，不计入总词数。
I Believe I Can Fly is a nice song by R. Kelly. _________________________________
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参考答案

个人情况&家庭、朋友与周围的人
A
Dear Mr. Smith,
I’m Han Yinuo. I’m glad to learn that the first English spoken competition will be held soon. I’d like to work as a volunteer at it. Now let me introduce myself.
I’m a 14-year-old middle school student. I’m 1.68 meters in height. I have big eyes and long straight black hair. I’m outgoing and friendly. I’m good at making friends and ready to help others. Also, I have good communication skills and I am good with people. Above all, my English is good, especially my spoken English. So I believe I can do a good job.
If I become a volunteer, I promise I will try my best to help the competition.
I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Han Yinuo
B
The person who impressed me a lot
Hello, everyone! There are many people in my life. Some didn’t make much of an impression on me while others impressed me deeply. Now, I want to introduce someone who impressed me a lot.
Three years ago, I went to a new school. No one knew me. I was lonely and afraid to make friends with anyone. Every time I heard my classmates talking and laughing, I felt even lonelier. One day a girl with long hair entered the classroom. She passed me, turned back and greeted me with a smile. Her smile made me feel warm and changed me. After that I learned to trust other people and make friends with others. Of course, the girl became my best friend. I learned many lessons from my outgoing and friendly friend. One of them was that when I smile at the world, it’ll smile back at me.
That’s all. Thank you!
日常活动&学校
A
After a busy school day, I usually relax by taking after-school activities. I go to the singing club on Tuesday where I sing folk songs or foreign songs. I also go to the walking club on Thursday and I walk with other members for an hour. I find that I get a lot of pleasure from singing and that I have become healthier than I used to be because of walking. Besides, I feel energetic and I don’t think studies are boring anymore. I have also made a lot of friends in these clubs.
In short, after-school activities make me relaxed and make my life colorful and meaningful.
B
Our school did a survey to ask if the school should delay the time school starts in the morning. About 92％ of the students in our school agree with the idea. Here are their reasons.
First of all, they think if the time school starts is delayed, they can get enough sleep. That will make them more active in class so that they can study more efficiently. Secondly, delaying school start time in the morning will offer them more time to have breakfast. Breakfast provides energy for the whole morning. No breakfast will do harm to their health and study. What’s more, they won’t have to hurry to school, and they may have time to do some exercise in the morning to keep fit.
All in all, they think that delaying school start time in the morning is good for students. They are looking forward to it.
情感与情绪&人际交往
A
Hey, Janet! I can understand you. Sometimes I also have such a problem. I think it’s normal in our daily life. Here’s my advice.
First, you should think about why your friend is treating you like this. Maybe you have done something wrong to hurt her. If so, say sorry to her, and then she won’t be angry with you.
Second, you should try to find out if something has happened to her. Maybe she doesn’t feel sure of herself at school. Maybe she has other problems but is keeping them to herself. If so, try your best to encourage her and make her feel you are there to listen to her.
Third, maybe you shouldn’t worry about it. Maybe it has nothing to do with you. Maybe your friend just wants to be alone for a while. If this is true, respect her wishes, feelings and space.
That’s my advice. I hope it will help you.
B
In the picture, the parents are using their mobile phones. Their little boy is standing between them trying to get their attention. Maybe he wants to know why the adults are always on their phones, and not spending their time with him.
I think parents should set good examples for their children, so they should shut their phones off or spend less time on them. If so, parents will have more spare time to do lots of things with their children, like playing games, watching movies or playing sports, which can provide good chances to communicate with them. Good communication between parents and children is really necessary. It means children can share their happy things with their parents or talk about their problems so they can get some help from their parents. I think parents should always be there to listen to their children. It can not only help strengthen parent-child relationships but also help children’s development.
节假日活动
Today is Teachers’ Day. Our class celebrated it in our own way. We spent the whole morning having a party for our teachers in the classroom. At the beginning of the party, our head teacher Ms. Gao made a short speech. She gave her best wishes to all the teachers who teach us. Next, we gave flowers to the teachers and said thanks to them. Then our monitor read a poem “I love my teachers”. It was wonderful. We were all moved. After that we showed our love for our teachers through songs and dances. Some teachers who are good at singing and dancing also joined us. The classroom was full of singing and laughter.
卫生与健康
Rules for a healthy life
Hey, friends. We all want to keep healthy but some of us don’t know how to keep healthy. Here are four rules for a healthy life.
First, exercise often. We should exercise for at least an hour every day, especially in the morning. For example, we can play table tennis and badminton. Exercising every morning is the best way to prevent illness.
Second, eat healthy food. We should eat fresh fruit and vegetables more instead of junk food. We should drink milk or yogurt every day instead of coffee or cola.
Third, have a good sleep. It’s necessary for us to get about eight hours’ sleep every night. We should go to bed early and get up early. A good sleep can make us energetic during the day.
Fourth, try to be happy and manage our stress. Keeping a good mood keeps us in high spirits and allows us to pay full attention to our study.
That’s all. Thank you for your listening!
安全与救护
How do we protect ourselves?
As middle school students, it’s very important for us to protect ourselves in our daily life. But how do we protect ourselves? Here’s my advice.
First, we must follow the school rules. For example, we mustn’t run after one another in the narrow hallway and crowd together or push others. Second, we should be careful about making friends, especially on the Internet. We should guard our personal information. Third, we mustn’t talk with strangers who offer us something and mustn’t accept gifts from strangers. Fourth, we shouldn’t walk late at night all by ourselves. When we’re in danger outside, we should call the police or people who are passing by for help.
In a word, if we follow these rules and take care of ourselves, we will grow up safely and healthily.
计划与安排
Hello, everyone! I did a survey of our classmates’ plans for the summer holidays. Here are the results.
15% of the students are going to have a yard sale. 20% want to learn a new life skill such as cooking, cleaning or first aid. 65% would like to do community volunteer work. They want to help old people do some chores or help kids with their studies.
As for me, I am ready to do community volunteer work. I am going to help old people carry their heavy bags or walk their dogs in the park. Also, I will organize some more volunteers to give a performance to the old. Why do I do these things for them? Because I think the old are lonely and they are too old to look after themselves. As a student, I should try my best to help those in need.

语言学习
Last year English was difficult for me. First of all, it wasn’t easy for me to understand what the teacher said in class. She spoke too quickly for me to understand every word. Later on, I realized that it didn’t matter even if I didn’t understand every word. Also, I was afraid to speak in class because I thought my classmates might laugh at me. I couldn’t always make complete sentences, either. Then I started to watch English TV programs. They helped me a lot with my listening. Another thing that I found difficult was grammar. So I started to write sentences using correct grammar rules. It worked. I got an A this term and now I am enjoying learning English more and more.
世界与环境
Let’s do something to protect the environment!
Hello, everyone! Today there is more and more pollution and the environment is becoming worse and worse. So we have to do something to protect the environment. Here are some ways.
First, we should try our best to reduce the use of plastics. For example, we should use a cloth bag or a basket while shopping.
Second, we can go to school or work on foot or by bus instead of taking a car. This can not only protect the environment, but also be good for our health.
Third, we shouldn’t drop litter anywhere. We should put it into the rubbish bin. Also, we should sort the rubbish and recycle it.
Fourth, we should put up notices to advise others to protect the environment.
I believe if everyone makes an effort, the environment will become better and better.
自然
Last week the members in our English club had a discussion about whether people living in an apartment should keep pets.
Some students think it’s good to keep pets because pets can make people who live alone feel less lonely. Also, being with pets makes people feel less stressed and helps people develop their patience.
However, some students don’t agree with keeping pets. They don’t think pets are as smart as people. They might make lots of noise and upset people. While they’re moving about outside, they might pee and poop everywhere, which pollutes the environment. What’s more, they might hurt people and spread diseases.
In my opinion, pets are people’s friends, so we should keep them. And I think if we take good care of them, they won’t hurt people or do harm to our environment.
故事与诗歌
A
Once upon a time, there was a little girl called Nuwa. She was very nice and lovely. Her father Emperor Yan loved her very much. He often played with her. One day Nuwa traveled alone by boat. The weather was fine when she set out. Later, it was terrible. Nuwa’s boat was knocked over by a strong wind. She fell into the sea and died. Then she changed into a bird. When the bird flew over the sea, she cried sadly, making the sound “Jingwei, Jingwei”. As a result, people called her Jingwei. Jingwei hated the sea so she decided to fill it with little stones. Although she faced many difficulties, she never gave up. Jingwei’s story tells us that we can never know what’s possible unless we try to make it happen.
B
I Believe I Can Fly is a nice song by R. Kelly. This song mainly tells us that confidence is very important. When a person has confidence, he believes in himself. He believes that he can and will succeed, and this gives him the courage to try new things. Dreams and confidence are what keep us going in the face of difficulties. No one can achieve success without them. If you believe you can fly, then you can really fly someday.
I think we should never give up whenever we meet any difficulty. We should remember confidence leads to success.