2020江苏高考任务型阅读指导课件（46张PPT）
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| 名称 | 2020江苏高考任务型阅读指导课件（46张PPT） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2020-03-02 12:18:56 | ||
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(共46张PPT)
2020江苏高考英语任务型阅读解题指导
一. 考纲说明
根据2019年考试说明（2020年沿用）对任务型阅读考查的表述，明确要求考生能够：
1.提炼文章提纲；
2.概括主要内容；
3.转述关键信息；
通过阅读短文，填写表格中相应内容
考察学生: 获取信息的能力
组织信息的能力
归纳概括信息的能力
信息查找题
信息转换题
信息归纳题
二.近5年江苏高考及连云港市一模任务型阅读命题分布情况
年份 标题 词数 文体 考查题型
信息查找题 信息转换题 信息概括题
市一模 Company culture 516 说明文 2 8 0
2019 The Cost of Thinking 417 说明文 3 5 2
2018 How Arts Promote Our Economy 416 说明文 2 7 1
2017 Population Change 488 说明文 1 3 6
2016 An Extension of the Human Brain 430 说明文 2 1 7
2015 What News Stories Do You Read？ 411 说明文 3 3 7
本文话题是思考的代价, 文章介绍了人类脑容量大和直立行走这两大典型特点的利与弊。体裁是说明文，整篇文章结构清晰，语言地道，易读易懂，易读度为60，文长425词（含标题）。
三. 命题及学生考情分析
1. 2019江苏高考命题特点和考生考情分析：
1.任务型阅读依旧是整套试卷的难点所在，但整体难度略低于2018年。涉 及原词复现、词性转换、同意替换以及信息概括。
2. 考察考生运用观察与比较、分析与综合、抽象与概括的思维方法。
3. 要求学生能宏观上把握语篇的结构、提炼文本的主旨、概括分论点、区 分事实与观点。
4. 要求学生在微观上能对信息进行转述和转译，对语篇知识、语法知识及常见核心词汇能准确地使用。
文章整体特征：
试题设置特点及能力指向：
原词查找（3题）：
71.Characteristics 73.energy 76.other
信息转换（5题）：
75.guard 77.limits 78.physical 79. beat 80.fearful/afraid
归纳总结（2题）
72.Disadvantages 74impact(s)
失分率较高
2019江苏高考学生考情分析：
学生转述、转译和整合信息能力欠缺
71.characteristics（原词查找） 根据文章第一段中的share several defining characteristics。
72.disadvantages（归纳概括） 文章第二段，具体设空处对应的右栏中列举的信息主要介绍了容量大的大脑的缺点,故答案为disadvantages。
73.energy（原词查找） 根据第三段中...the brains of apes require only 8% of rest-time energy.
74.impact(s)（归纳概括） 设空处对应的右栏列举了直立行走的好处和缺点,因而用impacts或impact。本题失分率较高，说明信息概括能力弱。
75.guard（整合转换） 根据第四段中it's easier to find food or enemies和like throwing stones or signaling并结合题干中against 意为“提防”。本题失分率很高，转译能力差。
76.other 根据第四段中their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes可查找。
77.limits（整合转换） 根据第五段中第三句(调整直立难,尤其是支撑超大头骨时)可推知直立行走需要限制大脑的大小,故答案为limits。失分率高是因为推断和整合信息能力薄弱。
78.physical（整合转换）根据第五段最后一句话中的关键信息with backaches and painful necks可知为physical。本题需要整合转换信息和概括信息能力。
79.beat（整合转换） 根据最后一段中It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful animal on earth.可知容量大的大脑使人类成为地球上最强大的动物可推断空格处为“击败,战胜”之意,故答案为beat。本题需要整合转换信息和转译能力。
80.fearful/afraid（词性转换） 根据最后一段最后一句尤其是lived in constant fear of meat-eating animals可知,人类尽管具有容量大的大脑和锋利的石器,但一直生活在对食肉动物的恐惧中。
需要加强学生信息提取和信息整合转换、转译能力的培养
2019高考解析
对于 , ,题,我们可以从原文中直接找到相关
信息,所填单词也无需词形变换。
对于 ， ， ， 题,我们首先要从原文中找到关键信息,然后根据题目要求进行信息的整合和转换。
对于 , ， ， 题,我们也可以从原文中直接找
到相关信息,但是所填单词需要形式变换。
77
71
76
73
75
74
78
79
80
2.2020届连云港市一模命题特点和考生考情分析：
原词查找（2题）：
信息转换（8题）：
72
这几题错误率较高
部分学生词汇基础不牢，释义转换能力弱
命题特点：文章体裁是说明文，话题是关于企业文化，共516词，虽略长于2019年高考卷，但文章主体部分有5个subheadings，使之结构清晰，便于学生理解大意。设置了信息查找题和信息转换题，没有信息概括题，和2019江苏高考题难度相当。难易适中，有梯度，能有效考查出学生语言运用能力和思维能力水平。
71. 原词 第1段：follow →follows
72. 原词 第2段：Recommendations/Suggestions/Advice/Tips
73. 同义解释 第3段：allow ...participate in →get involved/engaged in
74. 同义解释 第5段：allow for考虑 →take account of
75. 同义解释 第6段：blow off some steam是习惯用语“减压”，相当于get relaxed →reduce/release/relieve/ease/decrease/lessen
76. 原词 第7段末： needed/necessary
77. 原词 第9段：reflect
78. 同义解释 第11段 ask them for their input→consult ...about
79. 原词 第12段： respect. v.→show respect for
80. 原词 第13段：develop→development
市联考疑难点分析：
1.短语掌握不牢固，短时间找不到替换的词。
2.习惯用语意义不明，又缺乏整体理解释义能力。
第一步：浏览题干表格 ，理解文章结构
四.任务型阅读解题步骤
第二步：理解文章结构，定位相关信息
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
第四步：反复分析比较，选择合适词汇
重要解题过程
任务型阅读图表高度概括了原文信息，我们分析表格的设计结构，理清其显示的层次关系，就能初步了解文章的发展脉络及大体内容，可以节约时间并且提高解题的针对性。先读取图表中的内容，然后在原文中进行相关信息定位。
第一步：浏览题干表格 ，理解文章结构
1.扫读表格——把握表格结构，理清层次关系
解题依据：
2.速读全文——把握大意，理清文章结构
以市一模和历年高考为例
Companies hope to possess a productive , collaborative work environmoment where every employee (71) shared values
Based on shared values, the company ought to do activities where your internal brand should(77) external one
The employers should leave development room for employees after setting goals for them but come to their assistance only if (76) _.
The company had better create a space and environment that takes (74) of breaks , making it possible for the employees to(75) _ stress.
Introduction
(72) from entrepreneurs
Company culture is not necessarily a top-down creation. Instead , its (80) _ and maintenance depend on workers themselves.
Conclusion
Company culture
It helps when staff get (73) in the hiring process, despite the fact that employers always have a finnal say.
It is a wise choice to (78) employees about ideas and suggestions because such a relaxing , trustworthy environment allows everybody to show (79) _ for each ’s opinions.
Part1
Part2
Part3
(Para1)
(Para2-12)
(Para13)
subheadings
2020连云港一模
The Cost of Thinking
Introduction Large brains for their bodies and the ability to walk upright are two ????71???? of human beings.
The 72????
of large human brains The larger brains may not be better because of the cost.
The big brains make it harder for the body to move around and consume more energy.
The animal brain requires less 73???? when the body is at rest.
Large human brains consume more food, and weaken muscles.
The 74????
of walking
upright Walking upright makes it easy to find food or 75???? against enemies.
Freed hands can serve some 76???? purposes and perform complex tasks.
Walking upright challenges the human bone structure, and 77???? the size of brains.
Walking upright results in 78???? sufferings.
Conclusion With a large brain, human beings 79???? other beings in terms of intelligence.
Weak and marginal, human beings remained 80???? of meat-eating animals.
第二步：理解文章结构，定位相关信息
对照表格理解完文章然后在原文中进行信息定位，即带着问题，找到文章对应点。
Para1
Para3
概括右栏
Para4 Line1
Para4 Line2
Para5
Para6
Para2,6
Para5
概括右栏
2019江苏高考
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
具体方法与步骤
1. 细读后定位信息，再定词，定词后定性（如名词、动词、形容词、副词）。
最后定形（如单复数、非谓语形式、大小写等）。
2.找到文章对应点，确认题型，分析整理归纳信息并且准确表达信息。
原词引用
原词转换
近义转换
整合转换
概括归纳
重点突破
信息查找题即原文词汇复现，属于最简单的基础题，要求考生能快速地在文章中查找相关细节，锁定信息来源，并用文章中的词或其适当形式填空。解题关键是根据问题查找并准确定位信息。
信息查找题考查的都是原文词汇，但现在其呈现形式越来越隐蔽，考生做题时一定要细心。
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
信息查找题
[典例] (2019·江苏高考节选)
Despite their many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristics, such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.
The Cost of Thinking
Introduction ·Large brains for their bodies and the ability to walk upright are two (71)___________ of human beings.
characteristics
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
信息查找题—原词引用
信息转换题是活学活用题，灵活考查考生在知识重组的基础上，运用多种表达方式的能力，突显对遣词造句能力的考查。比如，用意义相同或相反的词完成句子的能力。同时，在限定一空一词的要求下，更需要考生有运用逆向思维的能力。这种类型的题目一般不能直接在文章中找到题目给出的句子，需要考生在捕捉到相关信息之后，将捕捉到的信息进行转换。
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
信息转换题考查侧重点
信息概括题
Company?culture?is?a?hot?topic?for?nearly?every?business.?Everyone?wants?to?create?a
productive,?collaborative?and?inviting?work?environment?where?all?employees?follow?shared
values?and?work?toward?a?common?goal. We?asked?a?group?of?entrepreneurs?to?share?how?they?encourage?their?teams?to?participate?in building?the?company?culture.?Here?are?their?top?recommendations
Get?employee?input?on?the?hiring?process
While?a?hiring?manager?should?always?have?a?final?say?over?who?joins?the?team.?it?could
help?to?allow?employees?of?all?levels?toparticipate?in?the?hiring?process.?Ismael?Wrixen,?CEO?ofFE?International?recommends?letting?some?of?a?candidate's?future?teammates?sit?in?on?aninterview,?as?this?can?help?you?find?people?who?will?fit?in?well?with?your?other?employees.
Our?company?has?a?real?familiar?feel,?and?team?members?often?socialize?outside?or?work
Wrixen?explains?""Considering?how?people?will?fit?in?the?team?once?they?are?hired?has?alwaysbeen?an?important?consideration
Create?a?space?and?environment?that?allows?for?breaks
Company?culture-building?can?sometimes?feel?forced,?says?Jessica?Gonzalez,?CEO?of
InCharged.?To?make?it?more?organic?and-natural,?Gonzalez?believes?the?best?thing?to?do?is?to
create?the?space?and?environment?for?it.
73.同义短语转换
74.同义短语转换
71.词形转换
【原文】
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
2020连云港一模
?
“Some?companies?get?a?PingPong?table,?she?says.?”It?doesn’t?really?matter?the?details,?
but you?have?given?your?employees?permission?to?take?breaks?and?blow?off?some?steam?with?
their coworkers.?That' s?where?culture?and?connection?will?be?built.
Stop?micromanaging
If?you?want?your?employees?to?build?a?great?culture?of?their?own,?don't?disturb?the?
process,says?Solomon?Thimothy,?president?of?OneIMS.?While?he?monitors?all?processes?on?his?team (including?culture-building),?he?only?gets?involved?when?his?staff?needs him,?rather?than constantly?micromanaging.
“Connect?people?with?each?other,?define?your?expectations,?set?the?pace?and?leave?them
alone”?Thimothy?says
Plan?activities?that?reflect?your?shared?values
According?to?Beth?Doane,?managing?partner?of?Main?Rose,?your?internal?brand?should
reflect?your?external?one.?She?recommends?bringing?your?team?together?around?a?shared?set?of values?and?then?doing?activities?to?strengthen?that?brand
As?a?social-good?focused?firm,?we?love?doing?activities?that?give?back-hiking,?volunteering,
cleaning?up?the?environment,?Doane?adds.?"It’s?fun?and?it?gets?the?whole?team?involved?in?our mission.
75.同义短语转换
76.语法结构转换
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
Ask for their ideas and suggestions
If you really want your employees to help build the company culture, all you have to do is ask them for their input, Chris Christoff, cofounder of MonsterInsights, says he is open to suggestions from team members on how to perform more efficiently.“Opening the invitation to new ideas fosters a positive company culture because it shows employees their voices are heard and their opinions matter because they do, "Christoff says. "It creates a relaxing, trustworthy environment where everyone respects what each other has to say.
Anyhow, it’s important to remember that culture is not necessarily a top-down creation. Instead, a successful culture is developed and maintained by the workers who live it every single day
78.同义短语转换
80.语法、词法转换
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
79.词性转换
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
（1）原词转换题——语法、词法的正确使用，词性和词形
（2）近义转换题——近义词块，正确搭配
（3）整合转换题——一个意思，换种表达
信息转换题解题方法
1. 原词转换题——词性和词形
(Para 3) Zhang Xuchen, 39, a part-time emoji creator…said that he earned a good income … simply through tipping from customers, which…
(form) Zhang Xuchen created emojis part-time but earned a good income because customer (76) ______ him.
v.
tip/ tips?
tipped
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
[典例] 2019苏北三市一模
（创新设计一轮复习2016）
Another great way to keep yourself motivated over the holiday is to find a friend who’s interested in reading the same book. You can make goals that you both want to achieve and discuss plot lines or vocabulary issues with each other by SMS or e-mail.
Ways to keep up your (1)_________
for reading Read along with a friend a book you both feel interested in and (2) _________ views on plot lines or vocabulary to achieve your common goals.
motivation
exchange/share
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
1.原词转换题——词性和词形
Next, it’s also necessary to check and respond to what others are saying. If you find a negative review, try to get in touch with the people who posted it. One way out is to take the criticism good-naturedly, apologize to the customer, and tell him you’ll do your best to rectify matters. On the other hand, if a customer posted positive comments, thank him for it, and make it look sincere.
Check the posted reviews regularly and make(1) __________ to them
(2) Contact the people who posted negative reviews to apologize.
Thank those who posted positive comments sincerely.
response
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
1. 原词转换题——词性和词形
(Para 4) StarMoly, founded in 2016, is the developer of Rumi… emojis are undoubtedly a promising IP.
The president of StarMoly, which (77） _______ Rumi, recognizes emojis as a promising IP.
v.
develops?
2019苏北三市一模
developed
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
1. 原词转换题——词性和词形
1.原词转换题——词性和词形
(Para 6) One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration. As for the USA, it is almost unique among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from 2010—2030.
(form) The USA will increase, from 2010-2030, its population by 20% through (79) ____________.
n.
immigration
2017江苏高考
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
(72)Ways of arts’ promoting our economy Arts activity demands a (n)(73)joint/collective effort.
It involves creation，performance，and (74)________.
◆Artists make a living through their creative work.
◆Others get paid by marketing the event.
(Para3)Another group of folks is needed to help market the event.“If you build it they will come” is a misleading belief painters，digital media experts, photographers, booking agents and promoters are hired to sell tickets and promote the event. According to the Dallas Area Cultural Advocacy Coalition, arts agencies employ more than 10，000 people as full-or part-time employees or independent contractors.
(2018·江苏卷)
promotion
/marketing.
1. 原词转换题——词性和词形
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
2018江苏高考
[典例] (2019·江苏高考节选)
We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful animal on earth. But humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which they remained weak and marginal creatures.Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meat?eating animals.
Conclusion With a large brain, human beings(79) beat? other beings in terms of intelligence.
Weak and marginal, human beings remained(80) ___________ ??of meat-eating animals.
fearful/afraid
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
1.原词转换题——词性和词形
2.近义转换题——近义词或词块，正确搭配
(Para 1) … they (emojis) are turning out to be a money-spinner and also an IP worth further protection…
Emojis, instant messages used online, bring in a large fortune to creators and (71)______ further IP protection as well.
v.
worth?
deserve
2019苏北三市一模
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
(Para 8) To protect these emoji IPs, related rules and regulations are needed to protect the IP rights of both creators and companies… adding that education on the subject is supposed to keep up.
(form) Related rules and regulations are needed to protect the IP rights of both creators and companies, and education should(80) ____ closely.
v.
continue/ cooperate?
move or progress at the same rate as sth
follow
2019苏北三市一模
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
2.近义转换题——近义词或词块，正确搭配
How Arts Promote Our Economy
When most people think of the arts, they imagine the end product, the beautiful painting，a wonderful piece of music，or an award-winning performance in the theater. But arts groups bring broader value to our communities.The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged.
Arts as an economic driver Our communities (71) from arts in terms of economy.
(72)Ways of arts’ promoting our economy Arts activity demands a (n)(73)_joint/collective effort.
It involves creation，performance，and (74)________.
◆Artists make a living through their creative work.
◆Others get paid by marketing the event.
1
benefit
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
3. 整合转换题——一个意思，换种表达
[典例](2018·江苏卷)
3. 整合转换题——一个意思，换种表达
(Para 2) Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too, which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.
(form) The impact of dropping birth rate on developing countries may not be (73) __________ but disastrous.
adj.
immediate
[典例]2017江苏高考
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
3. 整合转换题——一个意思，换种表达
(Para 2) Furthermore, around 50% of the world’s population live in regions where the figure is now below the replacement level (i.e. 2.1 births per woman) and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate.
(form) It would be difficult for developed countries to maintain the (72) __________ of population.
n.
increase/balance?
Para4: Russia’s population will be about the size of Yemen’s by…
Para6:the size of its working-age population
Tip: 借鉴文中表达
size/scale
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
[典例]2017江苏高考
[典例] (2018·江苏卷)
（Para2）The arts create jobs that help develop the economy.Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists, technical experts，managers，musicians, or writers to create an appealing piece of art.These people earn a living wage for their professional knowledge and skills.
Arts as an economic driver Our communities (71) benefit from arts in terms of economy.
(72)Ways of arts’ promoting our economy Arts activity demands a (n)(73)_____ ___ effort.
It involves creation，performance，and (74)promotion
/marketing.
◆Artists make a living through their creative work.
◆Others get paid by marketing the event.
joint/collective
整合转换信息
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
3. 整合转换题——一个意思，换种表达
3. 整合转换题——一个意思，换种表达
(Para 3) A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China, for instance.
(form) To guarantee its economic growth, China needs to deal with the population issue properly, as its workers are getting (75) ______.
adj.
fewer/less?
old/older
[典例]2017江苏高考
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
3. 整合转换题——一个意思，换种表达
(Para 4) Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise…Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961.
(form) The (76) _______ death of Russians may result in a shrinking population, which would damage its economic future.
early/increasing?
adj.
earlier
[典例]2017江苏高考
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
3. 整合转换题——一个意思，换种表达
(Para 5) In a further twist, birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas. In total, 25% of India’s working-age population has no education. In 2030, a sixth of the country’s potential work force could be totally uneducated.
(form) Leaving aside the birth rate issue, India’s economy may take off when the country achieves (78) ________ of educational opportunity.
n.
balance/spread?
equality
[典例]2017江苏高考
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
The (74) impact(s)
of walking upright ·Walking upright makes it easy to find food or (75) against enemies.
·Freed hands can serve some (76)_other_ purposes and perform complex tasks.
·Walking upright challenges the human bone structure, and (77) _ the size of brains.
·Walking upright results in (78) sufferings.
Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright.Standing up, it’s easier to find food or enemies.In addition, their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or signaling.As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands.
Yet walking upright has its disadvantage.The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on all fours and had a relatively small head.Adjusting to an upright position was quite a challenge, especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull.Humankind paid for its broad vision and skillful hands with backaches and painful necks.
limits
guard
physical
时态？
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
2019江苏高考
3. 整合转换题——一个意思，换种表达
全力争分的难点题型——信息概括题
信息概括题，要求考生能够准确无误地概括出文章的主题或行(栏)的标题，考查考生概括与推断的能力。
解题时一般很难从阅读材料的字面意思找到答案，必须根据文章内容，对句群、段落和全文进行合理的推断与归纳。
这类题目难度大、要求高、得分低，考生要在透彻理解文章的基础上，根据文中相关信息综合分析后提炼出新词。
1解题关键：根据问题查找定位信息，找共性的东西。
2.归纳词的特征：概括性（在最大程度上概括栏内信息）
针对性（量体裁衣，大小适度）
逻辑性（和上下文语境、语义要保持一致）
3.常见概括性高频词：（积累）
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
考查学生语篇能力和归纳概括等高阶思维能力
信息概括题
归纳概括题
Zhang Xuchen created emojis part-time but earned…
Rumi has been downloaded.
The president of StarMoly recognizes emojis as…
74. ________
in point
Examples?
n.
cases in point: examples that are relevant to the matter being discussed
Cases
2019苏北三市一模
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
选择概括类词还要注意介词搭配
The
(72) ???
of large human
brains The larger brains may not be better because of the cost
The big brains make it harder for the body to move around and consume more energy.
The animal brain requires less(73) energy when the body
is at rest. Large human brains consume more food, and
weaken muscles.
diadvsantages
Early humans paid for their large brains in two ways.Firstly, they spent more time in search of food.Secondly, their muscles grew smaller and weaker.It’s hardly an obvious conclusion that this is a good way to survive.A chimpanzee (黑猩猩) can’t win an argument with a modern man, but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.
[典例](2019·江苏高考节选)
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
归纳概括题
The (74) _______ of walking upright ·Walking upright makes it easy to find food or (75) guard against enemies.
·Freed hands can serve some (76)_other_ purposes and perform complex tasks.
·Walking upright challenges the human bone structure, and (77)_limits_ the size of brains.
·Walking upright results in (78)__physical_ sufferings.
impact(s)
Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright.Standing up, it’s easier to find food or enemies.In addition, their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or signaling.As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands.
Yet walking upright has its disadvantage.The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on all fours and had a relatively small head.Adjusting to an upright position was quite a challenge, especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull.Humankind paid for its broad vision and skillful hands with backaches and painful necks.
2019·江苏高考
benefits
归纳概括题
(72)________ of arts’ promoting our economy Arts activity demands a (n)(73)_joint \collective effort.
It involves creation，performance，and (74)promotion\marketing.
◆Artists make a living through their creative work.
◆Others get paid by marketing the event.
Arts have a gradually spreading (75)effect.
They could help promote other industries whether they lie inside or outside arts.
◆Besides tickets, some jazz lovers will pay their (76)fares to and from the events.
◆Arts contribute to cultural development when people gather together to share their experience and renew their energy.
Ways
[典例](2018·江苏高考)
归纳概括题
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
null
2016年江苏高考
mixed/two
结构概括题
The
_________
sides of smartphones Smartphones make it easier and more convenient to check reality, watch video clips, read weibo.
Smartphones reduce the possibility for new and insightful minds, and steal away our dead time.
An Extension of the Human Brain
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
归纳概括题
advantage
disadvantage
强化释义训练
关注派生词
留心多义词
注重语篇教学
第四步：反复分析比较，选择合适词汇
信息查找题保全分
信息转换题不失分
归纳概括题多得分
考试时注意基本解题技巧，努力选择正确的词汇。但要想真正提高准确率，还应该在平时加强基础知识学习和训练。
任务型阅读考查学生在有限的时间内快速领会文章的主旨大意，快速理解句段细节意义和理清上下文的逻辑关系，同时还考查考生对文中有效信息进行筛选、整合和综合概括的能力。因此，要做好任务型阅读，必须具备牢固的英语基础，没有扎实的功底，不可能得高分。同学们平时不仅要多练习该题型，更要多训练句型转换与词形转换，只有对这两部分多加训练，才能快速突破任务型阅读瓶颈。建议大家在今后的复习中，注意培养以下解题能力：
1.词性转换能力。
2.英语释义与概括能力。
3.逆向思维能力。
4.语篇结构解读能力。 ????????????????
结束语
Thank you!
2020江苏高考英语任务型阅读解题指导
一. 考纲说明
根据2019年考试说明（2020年沿用）对任务型阅读考查的表述，明确要求考生能够：
1.提炼文章提纲；
2.概括主要内容；
3.转述关键信息；
通过阅读短文，填写表格中相应内容
考察学生: 获取信息的能力
组织信息的能力
归纳概括信息的能力
信息查找题
信息转换题
信息归纳题
二.近5年江苏高考及连云港市一模任务型阅读命题分布情况
年份 标题 词数 文体 考查题型
信息查找题 信息转换题 信息概括题
市一模 Company culture 516 说明文 2 8 0
2019 The Cost of Thinking 417 说明文 3 5 2
2018 How Arts Promote Our Economy 416 说明文 2 7 1
2017 Population Change 488 说明文 1 3 6
2016 An Extension of the Human Brain 430 说明文 2 1 7
2015 What News Stories Do You Read？ 411 说明文 3 3 7
本文话题是思考的代价, 文章介绍了人类脑容量大和直立行走这两大典型特点的利与弊。体裁是说明文，整篇文章结构清晰，语言地道，易读易懂，易读度为60，文长425词（含标题）。
三. 命题及学生考情分析
1. 2019江苏高考命题特点和考生考情分析：
1.任务型阅读依旧是整套试卷的难点所在，但整体难度略低于2018年。涉 及原词复现、词性转换、同意替换以及信息概括。
2. 考察考生运用观察与比较、分析与综合、抽象与概括的思维方法。
3. 要求学生能宏观上把握语篇的结构、提炼文本的主旨、概括分论点、区 分事实与观点。
4. 要求学生在微观上能对信息进行转述和转译，对语篇知识、语法知识及常见核心词汇能准确地使用。
文章整体特征：
试题设置特点及能力指向：
原词查找（3题）：
71.Characteristics 73.energy 76.other
信息转换（5题）：
75.guard 77.limits 78.physical 79. beat 80.fearful/afraid
归纳总结（2题）
72.Disadvantages 74impact(s)
失分率较高
2019江苏高考学生考情分析：
学生转述、转译和整合信息能力欠缺
71.characteristics（原词查找） 根据文章第一段中的share several defining characteristics。
72.disadvantages（归纳概括） 文章第二段，具体设空处对应的右栏中列举的信息主要介绍了容量大的大脑的缺点,故答案为disadvantages。
73.energy（原词查找） 根据第三段中...the brains of apes require only 8% of rest-time energy.
74.impact(s)（归纳概括） 设空处对应的右栏列举了直立行走的好处和缺点,因而用impacts或impact。本题失分率较高，说明信息概括能力弱。
75.guard（整合转换） 根据第四段中it's easier to find food or enemies和like throwing stones or signaling并结合题干中against 意为“提防”。本题失分率很高，转译能力差。
76.other 根据第四段中their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes可查找。
77.limits（整合转换） 根据第五段中第三句(调整直立难,尤其是支撑超大头骨时)可推知直立行走需要限制大脑的大小,故答案为limits。失分率高是因为推断和整合信息能力薄弱。
78.physical（整合转换）根据第五段最后一句话中的关键信息with backaches and painful necks可知为physical。本题需要整合转换信息和概括信息能力。
79.beat（整合转换） 根据最后一段中It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful animal on earth.可知容量大的大脑使人类成为地球上最强大的动物可推断空格处为“击败,战胜”之意,故答案为beat。本题需要整合转换信息和转译能力。
80.fearful/afraid（词性转换） 根据最后一段最后一句尤其是lived in constant fear of meat-eating animals可知,人类尽管具有容量大的大脑和锋利的石器,但一直生活在对食肉动物的恐惧中。
需要加强学生信息提取和信息整合转换、转译能力的培养
2019高考解析
对于 , ,题,我们可以从原文中直接找到相关
信息,所填单词也无需词形变换。
对于 ， ， ， 题,我们首先要从原文中找到关键信息,然后根据题目要求进行信息的整合和转换。
对于 , ， ， 题,我们也可以从原文中直接找
到相关信息,但是所填单词需要形式变换。
77
71
76
73
75
74
78
79
80
2.2020届连云港市一模命题特点和考生考情分析：
原词查找（2题）：
信息转换（8题）：
72
这几题错误率较高
部分学生词汇基础不牢，释义转换能力弱
命题特点：文章体裁是说明文，话题是关于企业文化，共516词，虽略长于2019年高考卷，但文章主体部分有5个subheadings，使之结构清晰，便于学生理解大意。设置了信息查找题和信息转换题，没有信息概括题，和2019江苏高考题难度相当。难易适中，有梯度，能有效考查出学生语言运用能力和思维能力水平。
71. 原词 第1段：follow →follows
72. 原词 第2段：Recommendations/Suggestions/Advice/Tips
73. 同义解释 第3段：allow ...participate in →get involved/engaged in
74. 同义解释 第5段：allow for考虑 →take account of
75. 同义解释 第6段：blow off some steam是习惯用语“减压”，相当于get relaxed →reduce/release/relieve/ease/decrease/lessen
76. 原词 第7段末： needed/necessary
77. 原词 第9段：reflect
78. 同义解释 第11段 ask them for their input→consult ...about
79. 原词 第12段： respect. v.→show respect for
80. 原词 第13段：develop→development
市联考疑难点分析：
1.短语掌握不牢固，短时间找不到替换的词。
2.习惯用语意义不明，又缺乏整体理解释义能力。
第一步：浏览题干表格 ，理解文章结构
四.任务型阅读解题步骤
第二步：理解文章结构，定位相关信息
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
第四步：反复分析比较，选择合适词汇
重要解题过程
任务型阅读图表高度概括了原文信息，我们分析表格的设计结构，理清其显示的层次关系，就能初步了解文章的发展脉络及大体内容，可以节约时间并且提高解题的针对性。先读取图表中的内容，然后在原文中进行相关信息定位。
第一步：浏览题干表格 ，理解文章结构
1.扫读表格——把握表格结构，理清层次关系
解题依据：
2.速读全文——把握大意，理清文章结构
以市一模和历年高考为例
Companies hope to possess a productive , collaborative work environmoment where every employee (71) shared values
Based on shared values, the company ought to do activities where your internal brand should(77) external one
The employers should leave development room for employees after setting goals for them but come to their assistance only if (76) _.
The company had better create a space and environment that takes (74) of breaks , making it possible for the employees to(75) _ stress.
Introduction
(72) from entrepreneurs
Company culture is not necessarily a top-down creation. Instead , its (80) _ and maintenance depend on workers themselves.
Conclusion
Company culture
It helps when staff get (73) in the hiring process, despite the fact that employers always have a finnal say.
It is a wise choice to (78) employees about ideas and suggestions because such a relaxing , trustworthy environment allows everybody to show (79) _ for each ’s opinions.
Part1
Part2
Part3
(Para1)
(Para2-12)
(Para13)
subheadings
2020连云港一模
The Cost of Thinking
Introduction Large brains for their bodies and the ability to walk upright are two ????71???? of human beings.
The 72????
of large human brains The larger brains may not be better because of the cost.
The big brains make it harder for the body to move around and consume more energy.
The animal brain requires less 73???? when the body is at rest.
Large human brains consume more food, and weaken muscles.
The 74????
of walking
upright Walking upright makes it easy to find food or 75???? against enemies.
Freed hands can serve some 76???? purposes and perform complex tasks.
Walking upright challenges the human bone structure, and 77???? the size of brains.
Walking upright results in 78???? sufferings.
Conclusion With a large brain, human beings 79???? other beings in terms of intelligence.
Weak and marginal, human beings remained 80???? of meat-eating animals.
第二步：理解文章结构，定位相关信息
对照表格理解完文章然后在原文中进行信息定位，即带着问题，找到文章对应点。
Para1
Para3
概括右栏
Para4 Line1
Para4 Line2
Para5
Para6
Para2,6
Para5
概括右栏
2019江苏高考
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
具体方法与步骤
1. 细读后定位信息，再定词，定词后定性（如名词、动词、形容词、副词）。
最后定形（如单复数、非谓语形式、大小写等）。
2.找到文章对应点，确认题型，分析整理归纳信息并且准确表达信息。
原词引用
原词转换
近义转换
整合转换
概括归纳
重点突破
信息查找题即原文词汇复现，属于最简单的基础题，要求考生能快速地在文章中查找相关细节，锁定信息来源，并用文章中的词或其适当形式填空。解题关键是根据问题查找并准确定位信息。
信息查找题考查的都是原文词汇，但现在其呈现形式越来越隐蔽，考生做题时一定要细心。
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
信息查找题
[典例] (2019·江苏高考节选)
Despite their many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristics, such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.
The Cost of Thinking
Introduction ·Large brains for their bodies and the ability to walk upright are two (71)___________ of human beings.
characteristics
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
信息查找题—原词引用
信息转换题是活学活用题，灵活考查考生在知识重组的基础上，运用多种表达方式的能力，突显对遣词造句能力的考查。比如，用意义相同或相反的词完成句子的能力。同时，在限定一空一词的要求下，更需要考生有运用逆向思维的能力。这种类型的题目一般不能直接在文章中找到题目给出的句子，需要考生在捕捉到相关信息之后，将捕捉到的信息进行转换。
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
信息转换题考查侧重点
信息概括题
Company?culture?is?a?hot?topic?for?nearly?every?business.?Everyone?wants?to?create?a
productive,?collaborative?and?inviting?work?environment?where?all?employees?follow?shared
values?and?work?toward?a?common?goal. We?asked?a?group?of?entrepreneurs?to?share?how?they?encourage?their?teams?to?participate?in building?the?company?culture.?Here?are?their?top?recommendations
Get?employee?input?on?the?hiring?process
While?a?hiring?manager?should?always?have?a?final?say?over?who?joins?the?team.?it?could
help?to?allow?employees?of?all?levels?toparticipate?in?the?hiring?process.?Ismael?Wrixen,?CEO?ofFE?International?recommends?letting?some?of?a?candidate's?future?teammates?sit?in?on?aninterview,?as?this?can?help?you?find?people?who?will?fit?in?well?with?your?other?employees.
Our?company?has?a?real?familiar?feel,?and?team?members?often?socialize?outside?or?work
Wrixen?explains?""Considering?how?people?will?fit?in?the?team?once?they?are?hired?has?alwaysbeen?an?important?consideration
Create?a?space?and?environment?that?allows?for?breaks
Company?culture-building?can?sometimes?feel?forced,?says?Jessica?Gonzalez,?CEO?of
InCharged.?To?make?it?more?organic?and-natural,?Gonzalez?believes?the?best?thing?to?do?is?to
create?the?space?and?environment?for?it.
73.同义短语转换
74.同义短语转换
71.词形转换
【原文】
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
2020连云港一模
?
“Some?companies?get?a?PingPong?table,?she?says.?”It?doesn’t?really?matter?the?details,?
but you?have?given?your?employees?permission?to?take?breaks?and?blow?off?some?steam?with?
their coworkers.?That' s?where?culture?and?connection?will?be?built.
Stop?micromanaging
If?you?want?your?employees?to?build?a?great?culture?of?their?own,?don't?disturb?the?
process,says?Solomon?Thimothy,?president?of?OneIMS.?While?he?monitors?all?processes?on?his?team (including?culture-building),?he?only?gets?involved?when?his?staff?needs him,?rather?than constantly?micromanaging.
“Connect?people?with?each?other,?define?your?expectations,?set?the?pace?and?leave?them
alone”?Thimothy?says
Plan?activities?that?reflect?your?shared?values
According?to?Beth?Doane,?managing?partner?of?Main?Rose,?your?internal?brand?should
reflect?your?external?one.?She?recommends?bringing?your?team?together?around?a?shared?set?of values?and?then?doing?activities?to?strengthen?that?brand
As?a?social-good?focused?firm,?we?love?doing?activities?that?give?back-hiking,?volunteering,
cleaning?up?the?environment,?Doane?adds.?"It’s?fun?and?it?gets?the?whole?team?involved?in?our mission.
75.同义短语转换
76.语法结构转换
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
Ask for their ideas and suggestions
If you really want your employees to help build the company culture, all you have to do is ask them for their input, Chris Christoff, cofounder of MonsterInsights, says he is open to suggestions from team members on how to perform more efficiently.“Opening the invitation to new ideas fosters a positive company culture because it shows employees their voices are heard and their opinions matter because they do, "Christoff says. "It creates a relaxing, trustworthy environment where everyone respects what each other has to say.
Anyhow, it’s important to remember that culture is not necessarily a top-down creation. Instead, a successful culture is developed and maintained by the workers who live it every single day
78.同义短语转换
80.语法、词法转换
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
79.词性转换
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
（1）原词转换题——语法、词法的正确使用，词性和词形
（2）近义转换题——近义词块，正确搭配
（3）整合转换题——一个意思，换种表达
信息转换题解题方法
1. 原词转换题——词性和词形
(Para 3) Zhang Xuchen, 39, a part-time emoji creator…said that he earned a good income … simply through tipping from customers, which…
(form) Zhang Xuchen created emojis part-time but earned a good income because customer (76) ______ him.
v.
tip/ tips?
tipped
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
[典例] 2019苏北三市一模
（创新设计一轮复习2016）
Another great way to keep yourself motivated over the holiday is to find a friend who’s interested in reading the same book. You can make goals that you both want to achieve and discuss plot lines or vocabulary issues with each other by SMS or e-mail.
Ways to keep up your (1)_________
for reading Read along with a friend a book you both feel interested in and (2) _________ views on plot lines or vocabulary to achieve your common goals.
motivation
exchange/share
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
1.原词转换题——词性和词形
Next, it’s also necessary to check and respond to what others are saying. If you find a negative review, try to get in touch with the people who posted it. One way out is to take the criticism good-naturedly, apologize to the customer, and tell him you’ll do your best to rectify matters. On the other hand, if a customer posted positive comments, thank him for it, and make it look sincere.
Check the posted reviews regularly and make(1) __________ to them
(2) Contact the people who posted negative reviews to apologize.
Thank those who posted positive comments sincerely.
response
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
1. 原词转换题——词性和词形
(Para 4) StarMoly, founded in 2016, is the developer of Rumi… emojis are undoubtedly a promising IP.
The president of StarMoly, which (77） _______ Rumi, recognizes emojis as a promising IP.
v.
develops?
2019苏北三市一模
developed
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
1. 原词转换题——词性和词形
1.原词转换题——词性和词形
(Para 6) One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration. As for the USA, it is almost unique among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from 2010—2030.
(form) The USA will increase, from 2010-2030, its population by 20% through (79) ____________.
n.
immigration
2017江苏高考
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
(72)Ways of arts’ promoting our economy Arts activity demands a (n)(73)joint/collective effort.
It involves creation，performance，and (74)________.
◆Artists make a living through their creative work.
◆Others get paid by marketing the event.
(Para3)Another group of folks is needed to help market the event.“If you build it they will come” is a misleading belief painters，digital media experts, photographers, booking agents and promoters are hired to sell tickets and promote the event. According to the Dallas Area Cultural Advocacy Coalition, arts agencies employ more than 10，000 people as full-or part-time employees or independent contractors.
(2018·江苏卷)
promotion
/marketing.
1. 原词转换题——词性和词形
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
2018江苏高考
[典例] (2019·江苏高考节选)
We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful animal on earth. But humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which they remained weak and marginal creatures.Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meat?eating animals.
Conclusion With a large brain, human beings(79) beat? other beings in terms of intelligence.
Weak and marginal, human beings remained(80) ___________ ??of meat-eating animals.
fearful/afraid
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
1.原词转换题——词性和词形
2.近义转换题——近义词或词块，正确搭配
(Para 1) … they (emojis) are turning out to be a money-spinner and also an IP worth further protection…
Emojis, instant messages used online, bring in a large fortune to creators and (71)______ further IP protection as well.
v.
worth?
deserve
2019苏北三市一模
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
(Para 8) To protect these emoji IPs, related rules and regulations are needed to protect the IP rights of both creators and companies… adding that education on the subject is supposed to keep up.
(form) Related rules and regulations are needed to protect the IP rights of both creators and companies, and education should(80) ____ closely.
v.
continue/ cooperate?
move or progress at the same rate as sth
follow
2019苏北三市一模
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
2.近义转换题——近义词或词块，正确搭配
How Arts Promote Our Economy
When most people think of the arts, they imagine the end product, the beautiful painting，a wonderful piece of music，or an award-winning performance in the theater. But arts groups bring broader value to our communities.The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged.
Arts as an economic driver Our communities (71) from arts in terms of economy.
(72)Ways of arts’ promoting our economy Arts activity demands a (n)(73)_joint/collective effort.
It involves creation，performance，and (74)________.
◆Artists make a living through their creative work.
◆Others get paid by marketing the event.
1
benefit
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
3. 整合转换题——一个意思，换种表达
[典例](2018·江苏卷)
3. 整合转换题——一个意思，换种表达
(Para 2) Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too, which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.
(form) The impact of dropping birth rate on developing countries may not be (73) __________ but disastrous.
adj.
immediate
[典例]2017江苏高考
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
3. 整合转换题——一个意思，换种表达
(Para 2) Furthermore, around 50% of the world’s population live in regions where the figure is now below the replacement level (i.e. 2.1 births per woman) and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate.
(form) It would be difficult for developed countries to maintain the (72) __________ of population.
n.
increase/balance?
Para4: Russia’s population will be about the size of Yemen’s by…
Para6:the size of its working-age population
Tip: 借鉴文中表达
size/scale
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
[典例]2017江苏高考
[典例] (2018·江苏卷)
（Para2）The arts create jobs that help develop the economy.Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists, technical experts，managers，musicians, or writers to create an appealing piece of art.These people earn a living wage for their professional knowledge and skills.
Arts as an economic driver Our communities (71) benefit from arts in terms of economy.
(72)Ways of arts’ promoting our economy Arts activity demands a (n)(73)_____ ___ effort.
It involves creation，performance，and (74)promotion
/marketing.
◆Artists make a living through their creative work.
◆Others get paid by marketing the event.
joint/collective
整合转换信息
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
3. 整合转换题——一个意思，换种表达
3. 整合转换题——一个意思，换种表达
(Para 3) A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China, for instance.
(form) To guarantee its economic growth, China needs to deal with the population issue properly, as its workers are getting (75) ______.
adj.
fewer/less?
old/older
[典例]2017江苏高考
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
3. 整合转换题——一个意思，换种表达
(Para 4) Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise…Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961.
(form) The (76) _______ death of Russians may result in a shrinking population, which would damage its economic future.
early/increasing?
adj.
earlier
[典例]2017江苏高考
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
3. 整合转换题——一个意思，换种表达
(Para 5) In a further twist, birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas. In total, 25% of India’s working-age population has no education. In 2030, a sixth of the country’s potential work force could be totally uneducated.
(form) Leaving aside the birth rate issue, India’s economy may take off when the country achieves (78) ________ of educational opportunity.
n.
balance/spread?
equality
[典例]2017江苏高考
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
The (74) impact(s)
of walking upright ·Walking upright makes it easy to find food or (75) against enemies.
·Freed hands can serve some (76)_other_ purposes and perform complex tasks.
·Walking upright challenges the human bone structure, and (77) _ the size of brains.
·Walking upright results in (78) sufferings.
Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright.Standing up, it’s easier to find food or enemies.In addition, their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or signaling.As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands.
Yet walking upright has its disadvantage.The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on all fours and had a relatively small head.Adjusting to an upright position was quite a challenge, especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull.Humankind paid for its broad vision and skillful hands with backaches and painful necks.
limits
guard
physical
时态？
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
2019江苏高考
3. 整合转换题——一个意思，换种表达
全力争分的难点题型——信息概括题
信息概括题，要求考生能够准确无误地概括出文章的主题或行(栏)的标题，考查考生概括与推断的能力。
解题时一般很难从阅读材料的字面意思找到答案，必须根据文章内容，对句群、段落和全文进行合理的推断与归纳。
这类题目难度大、要求高、得分低，考生要在透彻理解文章的基础上，根据文中相关信息综合分析后提炼出新词。
1解题关键：根据问题查找定位信息，找共性的东西。
2.归纳词的特征：概括性（在最大程度上概括栏内信息）
针对性（量体裁衣，大小适度）
逻辑性（和上下文语境、语义要保持一致）
3.常见概括性高频词：（积累）
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
考查学生语篇能力和归纳概括等高阶思维能力
信息概括题
归纳概括题
Zhang Xuchen created emojis part-time but earned…
Rumi has been downloaded.
The president of StarMoly recognizes emojis as…
74. ________
in point
Examples?
n.
cases in point: examples that are relevant to the matter being discussed
Cases
2019苏北三市一模
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
选择概括类词还要注意介词搭配
The
(72) ???
of large human
brains The larger brains may not be better because of the cost
The big brains make it harder for the body to move around and consume more energy.
The animal brain requires less(73) energy when the body
is at rest. Large human brains consume more food, and
weaken muscles.
diadvsantages
Early humans paid for their large brains in two ways.Firstly, they spent more time in search of food.Secondly, their muscles grew smaller and weaker.It’s hardly an obvious conclusion that this is a good way to survive.A chimpanzee (黑猩猩) can’t win an argument with a modern man, but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.
[典例](2019·江苏高考节选)
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
归纳概括题
The (74) _______ of walking upright ·Walking upright makes it easy to find food or (75) guard against enemies.
·Freed hands can serve some (76)_other_ purposes and perform complex tasks.
·Walking upright challenges the human bone structure, and (77)_limits_ the size of brains.
·Walking upright results in (78)__physical_ sufferings.
impact(s)
Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright.Standing up, it’s easier to find food or enemies.In addition, their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or signaling.As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands.
Yet walking upright has its disadvantage.The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on all fours and had a relatively small head.Adjusting to an upright position was quite a challenge, especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull.Humankind paid for its broad vision and skillful hands with backaches and painful necks.
2019·江苏高考
benefits
归纳概括题
(72)________ of arts’ promoting our economy Arts activity demands a (n)(73)_joint \collective effort.
It involves creation，performance，and (74)promotion\marketing.
◆Artists make a living through their creative work.
◆Others get paid by marketing the event.
Arts have a gradually spreading (75)effect.
They could help promote other industries whether they lie inside or outside arts.
◆Besides tickets, some jazz lovers will pay their (76)fares to and from the events.
◆Arts contribute to cultural development when people gather together to share their experience and renew their energy.
Ways
[典例](2018·江苏高考)
归纳概括题
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
null
2016年江苏高考
mixed/two
结构概括题
The
_________
sides of smartphones Smartphones make it easier and more convenient to check reality, watch video clips, read weibo.
Smartphones reduce the possibility for new and insightful minds, and steal away our dead time.
An Extension of the Human Brain
第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息
归纳概括题
advantage
disadvantage
强化释义训练
关注派生词
留心多义词
注重语篇教学
第四步：反复分析比较，选择合适词汇
信息查找题保全分
信息转换题不失分
归纳概括题多得分
考试时注意基本解题技巧，努力选择正确的词汇。但要想真正提高准确率，还应该在平时加强基础知识学习和训练。
任务型阅读考查学生在有限的时间内快速领会文章的主旨大意，快速理解句段细节意义和理清上下文的逻辑关系，同时还考查考生对文中有效信息进行筛选、整合和综合概括的能力。因此，要做好任务型阅读，必须具备牢固的英语基础，没有扎实的功底，不可能得高分。同学们平时不仅要多练习该题型，更要多训练句型转换与词形转换，只有对这两部分多加训练，才能快速突破任务型阅读瓶颈。建议大家在今后的复习中，注意培养以下解题能力：
1.词性转换能力。
2.英语释义与概括能力。
3.逆向思维能力。
4.语篇结构解读能力。 ????????????????
结束语
Thank you!