Period Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
课前自学导引
龙脊梯田
想象一下，裹在银色水中的群山，在春天的阳光下闪闪发光。夏天，随着水稻的生长，群山变得翠绿。在秋天，这些山是金色的；在冬天，它们被白霜覆盖。这些是龙脊梯田的颜色。
这些梯田是当地壮族和瑶族人建造的，广西是他们的家乡。从元代开始，梯田的修建历经数百年，直到清初才完成。放眼望去，这些梯田覆盖着高山，通常从山脚下一直延伸到山顶。
那么，为什么这些人要费那么大的力气把整座山变成梯田呢？首先，该地区很少有大片的平坦的土地。因此，建造梯田意味着他们可以增加种植水稻的面积。其次，虽然这个地区雨水充足，但山陡、土浅。平坦的梯田吸收雨水，防止土壤被冲走。
但也许最重要的，是人们与自然和谐相处的方式来建造梯田、种植水稻。梯田设计巧妙，数百条水道相互连通。在雨季，雨水正是沿着这些水道从山上流下进入梯田。太阳把水加热，把它变成蒸汽。这就形成了云，雨从云中又一次落在了山上的梯田上。这些梯田也为鸟类和鱼类提供了一个完美的环境，其中一些鱼类和鸟类以危害水稻作物的昆虫为食。
虽然现代技术可以帮助生产更多的作物，但这些梯田对看重传统的当地人来说仍然意义重大。这种知识是通过家庭传承下来的，这意味着新一代继续使用古老的农业方法来维持梯田。今天，龙脊梯田吸引了成千上万的游客前来观赏这个由人与自然共同创造的伟大奇迹。
课堂合作探究
1 harmony n. 融洽，和谐，一致(P63)
归纳 拓展 (1)in harmony with 与……协调一致 out of harmony with 与……不协调一致 (2)harmonious adj. 调和的，和谐的，均衡的
①Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.
人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，严格说来，我们生存的唯一方式就是与自然和谐相处。
②The music is out of harmony with her songs.
曲调和她(所唱)的歌不和谐。
③It is a harmonious community where pupils are very happy.
这是一个和睦的集体，学生们很开心。
(1)单句语法填空
We are trying to form a (harmony) society to meet people's need.
答案：harmonious
(2)单句写作
①只有人们彼此和谐共处，我们才能拥有安定的社会。
Only if people live can we have a stable society.
②当孩子们长大后，他们的想法会与父母不一致。
When children grow up, their ideas will be their parents'.
答案：①in harmony with each other ②out of harmony with
2 design v. 设计，(为某种特定目的)计划 n. 设计；图案；意图(P63)
归纳 拓展 (1)design sth. for sb./sth. 为……设计…… (be) designed for sb./sth. 为……而设计 be designed as sth. 被设计成 be designed to do sth. 为做某事而设计；目的是 (2)by design＝on purpose 故意地，蓄意地
①This entrance has been specially designed for people in wheelchairs.
这个入口是专门为坐轮椅的人设计的。
②It is designed as a textbook for a one?term course.
它可用作一学期课程的教材。
③The weekend party was designed to bring the two old men together.
这次周末聚会的用意是让两位老人见面。
④We don't know whether it was done by accident or by design.
我们不知道那是偶然的还是故意的。
单句语法填空
①These seats are specially designed children who are under 5 years old.
②The Project Hope is designed (help) those children who drop out of school because of poverty.
③The meeting is designed an introduction to our new product.
④The famous building is said to (design) by an outstanding architect (建筑师) called Jason.
答案：①for ②to help ③as ④be designed
3 harm v．& n. 伤害，损害(P63)
归纳 拓展 (1)do ... harm/do harm to ... 对……有害 There is no harm in (sb.'s) doing sth.做某事无害处 (2)harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的 be harmful to ... 对……有害处 (3)harmless adj. 无害的，不会造成损害的
①Reading novels on line for a long time before sleeping will do you harm.
睡前在线阅读小说的时间太久对身体有害。
②The heavy haze in the eastern area of China especially in Jinan did great harm to people's health.
华东地区特别是济南的雾霾对人们的健康造成了巨大的伤害。
③There's no harm in telling him the truth.
把真相告诉他没有什么害处。
④It's harmful to your health to drink too much.
过量喝酒对你的健康有害。
harm “危害，使受伤害”，常用于抽象事物
hurt “弄疼，使受伤”，可指肉体上的伤害，更多用于情感上的伤害
injure “使受伤，伤害”，尤其指在事故中受到的伤害
wound “伤害，使受伤”，主要用于刀、枪、剑等武器对身体造成的创伤
(1)选词填空(harm/hurt/injure/wound)
①She my feelings and my heart was broken.
②Tom was badly in the car accident.
③The bullet his leg and he didn't stand up from then on.
④Reading in dim light will your eyes.
答案：①hurt ②injured ③wounded ④harm
(2)同义句转换
Staying up often can harm your health.
→①Staying up often can your health.
→②Staying up often can your health.
答案：①be harmful to ②do harm to
feed on(动物)以……为食(P63)
归纳 拓展 (1)feed sb./sth. on/with ... ＝feed ... to sb./sth.用……来喂/饲养某人/物 be fed up with 厌烦…… (2)live on (人)以……为主食，靠……生活
①Butterflies feed on a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.
蝴蝶以花卉产生的一种甜甜的液体为食，蜜蜂和别的昆虫则采集这种液体。
②We feed our dogs on/with fresh meat.
＝We feed fresh meat to our dogs.
我们用新鲜的肉喂我们的狗。
③Many consumers today are fed up with receiving spam or unwanted e?mail.
如今，许多用户讨厌收到垃圾邮件和无用邮件。
④I don't know how they manage to live on ￡10 a week.
我不知道他们一个星期靠10英镑是怎么生活的。
单句语法填空
①Cattle chiefly feed grass.
②She feeds a special kind of grass her sheep.
③I'm fed up his endless complaints.
答案：①on ②to ③with
During the rainy season, it is along these waterways that rainwater moves down the mountains and into the terraces. 在雨季，雨水正是沿着这些水道从山上流下进入梯田。(P63)
剖析 本句中的“it was ... that ... ”是强调句型，强调的是地点状语along these waterways。
归纳 拓展 (1)强调句的基本句型是“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分”。 (2)强调句的一般疑问句的构成是：“Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分”。 (3)强调句的特殊疑问句形式为“疑问词(被强调部分)＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分”。 (4)not ... until ... 结构在强调句型中的运用，其结构为“It is/was not until ... that ... ”。
①It was his best friend that/who he met at the party.
在聚会时他遇到的是他最好的朋友。
②Was it Sally that/who phoned you just now？
刚才给你打电话的是莎莉吗？
③What was it that prevented him from coming in time？
是什么使得他没及时来？
④It was not until she took off her sunglasses that I recognized her.
直到她摘下墨镜我才认出她来。
名师点津 强调句型的判断方法：把it is/was及that去掉，句子依然完整；否则，就不是强调句型。
句型转换
Tom bought her a present while he visited New York.
→① (强调主语)
→② (强调直接宾语)
→③ (强调时间状语)
答案：①It was Tom that/who bought her a present while he visited New York. ②It was a present that Tom bought her while he visited New York. ③It was while he visited New York that Tom bought her a present.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Water becomes ice or (蒸汽) under certain conditions.
答案：vapour
2.They wanted to (设计) a machine that was both attractive and practical.
答案：design
3.Industry and (农业) are the two important sectors of the national economy.
答案：agriculture
4.He was a businessman, and (因此) he always keep an eye out for any opportunity to make money.
答案：therefore
5.We a the old scientist for his great contribution to the country.
答案：admire
6.Some parts of the water are very s . But in some places it is very deep.
答案：shallow
7.We should do everything we can to p him from making the same mistake again.
答案：prevent
8.The temple has a long history which dates back to the early period of the Tang D .
答案：Dynasty
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.The (complete) of this bridge highly facilitates the trips of people across the river banks.
答案：completion
2.It was obvious that the boss went to the meeting late design.
答案：by
3.She was sitting in an armchair with blankets (wrap) round her.
答案：wrapped
4.Flooding is likely in some coastal (region) of the Northeast during the early part of the week.
答案：regions
5.Many women said parenthood (harm) their careers.
答案：harmed
6.New techniques should increase (agriculture) production but also be friendly to the environment.
答案：agricultural
Ⅲ.选词填空
be home to; turn ... into ...; feed on; plenty of; prevent ... from ...; wash away; provide ... for ...; pass down
1.The bad witch (女巫) the prince a frog.
答案：turned; into
2.Sichuan the giant panda, which is known as a national treasure of China.
答案：is home to
3.We should some help them.
答案：provide; for
4.I will do what I can to the matter being worse.
答案：prevent; from
5.This custom since the 18th century.
答案：has been passed down
6.There was time; she needn't have hurried.
答案：plenty of
7.With these trees, the soil couldn't easily.
答案：be washed away
8.Owls mice and other small animals.
答案：feed on
Ⅳ.根据要求改写下面的句子
My brother met John at the bus station yesterday.
1.对主语My brother进行强调
答案：It was my brother that/who met John at the bus station yesterday.
2.对宾语John进行强调
答案：It was John that my brother met at the bus station yesterday.
3.对地点状语at the bus station进行强调
答案：It was at the bus station that my brother met John yesterday.
4.对时间状语yesterday进行强调
答案：It was yesterday that my brother met John at the bus station.
课后课时作业
On August 26,1999, New York City was struck by a terrible rainstorm. The rain caused the streets to 1 and the subway system almost came to a stop.
Unfortunately, this happened during the morning rush hour. Many people who were going to work were 2 to go home. Some battled to 3 a taxi or to get on a bus. Still others faced the 4 bravely, walking miles to get to work. I 5 to be one of people on the way to work that morning. I went from subway line to subway line only to find that most 6 had stopped. After making my way 7 crowds of people, I finally found a subway line that was 8 . Unfortunately, there were so many people waiting to 9 the subway that I could not even get down the stairs to the 10 . So I took the train going in the opposite direction, and then switched back to the downtown train. Finally, after what seemed like forever, the train 11 my stop. Then I had to walk several blocks in the increasingly heavy rain. When I finally got to my office, I was 12 through, exhausted and 13 .
My co?workers and I spent most of the day drying off. When it was 5：00 pm, I was ready to go home. I was about to turn off my computer 14 I received an e?mail from Garth, my director：
“I would like to thank all of you who made the effort and 15 reported to work. It is always reassuring (令人欣慰), at times like these, when employees so clearly show their 16 to their jobs. Thank you.”
Garth's e?mail was short, but I learned more from that 17 message than I ever did from a textbook. The e?mail taught me that a few words of 18 can make a big difference. The rainstorm and the traffic 19 had made me tired and upset. But Garth's words immediately 20 me and put a smile back on my face.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章描写了在暴风雨袭来时，作者和其他很多人历尽艰辛和不便坚持去上班，虽然浑身湿透，疲惫不堪，心情也受到影响，但是经理的一封感谢信却使他精神重新振作起来。
1．A.break B．flood
C．sink D．crash
答案：B 可怕的暴风雨造成的后果是洪水泛滥，所以选B。flood “为水所淹(没)”，符合语境。
2．A.forced B.refused
C．adjusted D.gathered
答案：A 地铁停运“迫使”上班的人不得不回家。Sb. be forced to do sth. “某人被迫做某事”。
3．A.order B.pay
C．call D.search
答案：C 根据语境可知，此处应是“叫出租车”，即call a taxi。
4．A.climate B.scenery
C．storm D.burden
答案：C 联系上文语境“上班高峰时期遭遇暴风雨，很多人不得不回家，一些人奋力呼叫出租车或坐公共汽车，还有一些人‘勇敢地面对 ，步行几英里去上班’”可知，此处应填storm “暴风雨”。
5．A.used B.promised
C．deserved D.happened
答案：D “我”“恰好”是那天早晨去上班的人之一。happen to be “碰巧/恰好是”，故选D。
6．A.practice B.routine
C．process D.service
答案：D “我”沿着地铁线一路寻找，结果却发现大部分地铁服务都停了。service “(公用事业的)公共服务”。
7．A.to B.through
C．over D.for
答案：B 此处指艰难地“穿过”人群，用through，它指从内部穿过。
8．A.operating B.cycling
C．turning D.rushing
答案：A “我”终于发现一条仍在“运转”的地铁线。operate “运转，运行”，符合语境。
9．A.check B.carry
C．find D.board
答案：D board the subway “上地铁”。board “登(飞机、车、船等)”。
10．A.street B.ground
C．floor D．platform
答案：D 等着上地铁的人太多了，“我”甚至不能走下台阶到站台那里去。platform “站台，月台”，符合语境。
11．A.paused B.crossed
C．reached D.parked
答案：C 好像过了很久列车终于“到达”了“我”要去的站点。根据语境应选C。
12．A.wet B.weak
C．sick D．hurt
答案：A 由常识可知，“我”在暴风雨中步行几个街区到达办公室后，全身都“湿透”了。wet through “湿透”。
13．A.ashamed B.discouraged
C．surprised D.puzzled
答案：B “我”步行几个街区，全身湿透，当然是感到“筋疲力尽”并且“垂头丧气”。discouraged “沮丧的；垂头丧气的”。
14．A.while B.when
C．where D.after
答案：B be about to do sth. when ... “正要做某事，就在这时……”，为固定句型。
15．A.hardly B.casually
C．absolutely D.eventually
答案：D “我要感谢你们这些所有作出努力、最终来上班的人”。eventually “最终”，符合语境。
16．A.devotion B.donation
C．connection D.reaction
答案：A 当员工们明确表示出对工作的忠于职守时，总是让人欣慰的。devotion “奉献，忠诚”。
17．A.accurate B.urgent
C．brief D.humorous
答案：C 由前边的short可知，“我”从这封“简短的”邮件里学到的东西要比以前从教科书中学到的多。根据语境选C。
18．A.promise B.appreciation
C．advice D.guidance
答案：B words of appreciation “感激的话”。句意：这封感谢的邮件使“我”认识到几句感谢的话会有极大的影响。
19．A.troubles B.signals
C．rules D.signs
答案：A 由上文可知，“我”辗转乘车才到达了工作地点，因此用traffic troubles表示“交通带来的不便、麻烦”。
20．A.corrected B.supported
C．amazed D．refreshed
答案：D 暴风雨和交通不便使“我”深感疲惫和烦恼，而一封感谢信使“我”“恢复”了精神。refresh “使……恢复精神；使……生气勃勃”。
A
Wildlife faces threats from habitat destruction, pollution, and some human activities. Although protecting wildlife may seem too hard at times, even small actions in your own neighborhood can help protect many different animals. Here are some tips on how to protect wildlife through small actions.
Create wildlife?friendly areas in your backyard.
When trying to make your garden more beautiful, you can choose plants that can provide food and shelter for the native wildlife. This will also help cut down on pollution.
Besides, bird or bat houses in your yard or garden can attract and shelter more species.
Avoid harming the natural ecosystem (生态系统) in your backyard.
Some plants from other places can kill or harm the native plants that provide food and shelter for wildlife.
Have a greener lifestyle.
By using less water and fewer fuels, you will do good to help protect the wildlife around you. Take buses or the subway if you can, turn off the electric devices when you're not using them, take showers for a shorter time, and keep the temperature in your room at or below 68 Fahrenheit degrees in winter.
Buy products that are friendly to wildlife.
Don't buy products that are made from endangered animals. Keep in mind that some endangered animals are killed by traps, or hunters who are eager to earn money with them.
Donate money to organizations that protect wildlife and their habitats.
You can give money to organizations of groups that protect wildlife in your neighborhood, thus promoting their work.
1．The purpose of this passage is to .
A．tell us why protecting wildlife is extremely important now
B．suggest that we protect wildlife through words
C．explain why protecting wildlife is not as hard as people think
D．give us some tips on how to protect wildlife through small actions
答案：D 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句和下文的各个小标题可知，本篇文章的写作目的是建议我们通过日常的小事来保护野生动物。
2．What behaviour do you think the author would disagree with?
A．Planting proper trees in gardens.
B．Buying a sweater that is made from antelope fur as a gift.
C．Donating some money to WWF.
D．Reading books about wildlife.
答案：B 推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“Don't buy products that are made from endangered animals.”可知，作者劝我们不要买由濒危动物制成的产品。由此推断，作者可能会反对B项。
3．In which section of a newspaper would you most probably read this passage?
A．Environment. B．Teaching.
C．Business. D．Geography.
答案：A 推理判断题。本文主要讲了关于保护野生动物的一些建议，这些建议与环境有关系，所以应当在环境(Environment)一栏中出现。故选A。
B
For many people who live in cities, parks are an important part of the landscape. They provide a place for people to relax and play sports, as well as a shelter from the often severe environment of a city. What people often overlook is that parks also provide considerable environmental benefits.
One benefit of parks is that plants absorb carbon dioxide and give off oxygen, which humans need to breathe. According to one study, an acre of trees can absorb the same amount of carbon dioxide that a typical car emits in 11,000 miles of driving. Parks also make cities cooler. Scientists have long noted what is called the Urban Heat Island Effect: building materials such as metal and concrete (混凝土) absorb much more of the sun's heat and release (释放) it much more quickly than organic surfaces like trees and grass. Because city landscapes contain so much of these building materials, cities are usually warmer than surrounding rural areas. Parks and other green spaces help to lessen the Urban Heat Island Effect.
Unfortunately, many cities cannot easily create more parks because most land is already being used for buildings, roads, parking lots, and other essential parts of the urban environment. However, cities could benefit from many of the positive effects of parks by encouraging citizens to create another type of green space: rooftop gardens. While most people would not think of starting a garden on their roof, human beings have been planting gardens on rooftops for thousands of years. Some rooftop gardens are simple container gardens that anyone can create with the investment (投资) of a few hundred dollars and a few hours of work.
Rooftop gardens provide many of the same benefits as other urban parks and garden spaces, but without taking up
the much?needed land. In the summer, rooftop gardens prevent buildings from absorbing heat from the sun, which can significantly reduce cooling bills. In the winter, gardens help control the heat that materials like brick and concrete release so quickly, leading to savings on heating bills. Rooftop vegetable and herb gardens can also provide fresh food for city settlers, making their diets healthier. Rooftop gardens are not only something everyone can enjoy, they are also a smart environmental investment.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在拥挤的城市里建立屋顶花园的好处。
4．The underlined word “emits” in the second paragraph probably means “ ”．
A．carries away B．takes up
C．gives out D．breathes in
答案：C 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“an acre of trees can absorb the same amount of carbon dioxide ... in 11,000 miles of driving”可知，一英亩的树吸收的二氧化碳的量和一辆普通的汽车行驶11,000英里排放的二氧化碳的量是相等的。由此可知，emit与give out的意思相同，表示“释放”。
5．Which of the following contributes to the Urban Heat Island Effect?
A．More building materials.
B．More trees and grass.
C．More parking lots.
D．More rooftop gardens.
答案：A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Scientists have long noted ... usually warmer than surrounding rural areas.”可知，诸如金属和混凝土之类的建筑材料是城市热岛效应的始作俑者，故选A。
6．When it comes to rooftop gardens, what can be inferred from the passage?
A．They make people much happier.
B．They provide more benefits than urban parks.
C．They help to save money and keep a healthy diet.
D．They have become very popular in recent years.
答案：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“reduce cooling bills”“leading to savings on heating bills”和“making their diets healthier”以及最后一段的整体内容可推知，屋顶花园能够降低取暖或降温的费用支出。同时，它还可以为蔬菜种植提供场地，为人们提供新鲜的蔬菜，从而使人们的饮食更健康，故选C。
7．What's the author's attitude towards rooftop gardens?
A．Sceptical. B．Supportive.
C．Critical. D．Objective.
答案：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句并结合本段的整体内容可推知，作者是提倡创建屋顶花园的，故选B。sceptical “怀疑的”； critical “批判性的，批评的”；objective “客观的”。
假设你是李华，新年即将到临，你的英国笔友Jack和你交流新年的打算。你回信说你们搬入新校，为了更好地建设“绿色校园”，你打算号召同学们一起努力：
1．多植树，美化校园；
2．回收废物(瓶子、报纸等)；
3．节约能源。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数；
3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：回收recycle
Dear Jack，
Thank you for your letter telling me your new plan of the year 2020.
Yours，
Li Hua
[精彩范文]
Dear Jack，
Thank you for your letter telling me your new plan of the year 2020. Our new school has been set up and we moved into it just a few days ago. In order to build a “green school”， I would like to call on my classmates to make more efforts.
First, we are going to plant more trees on campus to beautify our school grounds. Recycling is always the best method to protect the environment, so, second, we will recycle bottles, plastic bags and waste newspapers. Furthermore, we will try our best to save energy at school, for example, we will turn off electrical appliances when they are not being used.
I believe united efforts can make our school a real “green school”. Do you think so?
Yours，
Li Hua
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(共83张PPT)
Period Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
课前自学导引
课堂合作探究
课后课时作业
本课结束
Period Ⅱ Using language——Grammar & Vocabulary
Grammar(定语从句3)
课前自主预习
[观察句子，总结规律]
①These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people, to whom Guangxi is home.
②But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice.
③This forms clouds from which rain falls down onto the mountain terraces once again.
④These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish, some of which feed on insects that can harm the rice crops.
⑤Although modern technology could help produce more crops, the rice growers are people for whom traditions hold much value.
[我的发现]
通过观察可知：
(1)句①⑤中，定语从句由 加关系代词 引导，一般先行词为表示 的名词。
(2)句②③④中，定语从句由 加关系代词 引导，一般先行词为表示 的名词。
答案：(1)介词； whom; 人 (2)介词； which; 物
精讲课时语法
1.“介词＋关系代词”结构中的关系代词
“介词＋关系代词”是一个普遍使用的结构。“介词＋关系代词”结构中的关系代词只可用whom或which，不可用that。
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？
In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.
在漆黑的大街上没有一个人可以让她求助的。
2．“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定
介词的选择可以总结为：“一先、二动、三意义、四特殊”。
(1)一先，即先看先行词，从先行词入手。介词往往和先行词构成固定搭配。(比如时间常和on, in, by搭配；地点常用on, in, at；原因用for；方式用in, by, with等)
This is the house in which the inventor lived.
这就是那位发明家住的房子。
(2)二动，即看从句中的谓语动词结构。根据从句中谓语动词的搭配选择合适的介词。
He is a person of whom everyone has heard.(hear of 听说)
他是一个人人都听说过的人。
(3)三意义：通过判断主句表达的全部意义来确定合适的介词。
He was educated at the local high school, after which he went on to Beijing University.
他在当地的一所高中上的学，那之后去北大继续求学。
(4)四特殊：介词of 常用于“表示部分的词语＋of＋关系代词”结构。
表示部分的词语常见的有：不定代词all, both, none, neither, either, some, any，数词(含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数)；the＋最高级/比较级，以及表示数目或数量的词语many, most, few, several, enough, half, a quarter。
There are sixty students in our class, twenty of whom are girls.
我们班有六十名学生，其中二十名是女生。
The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% of which are sold abroad.
这家工厂每年生产50万双鞋，其中80%的鞋销往国外。
There are two rooms, the smaller of which is my study room.
这里有两个房间，较小的那个是我的书房。
名师点津 像listen to， look at， depend on， pay attention to， take care of等固定动词短语，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。,This is the person whom/who/that you are looking for.,这就是你在找的那个人。
单句写作(应用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句)
1．这是我们去年居住的房间。
This is the room we lived last year.
答案：in which
2．你刚才和她握手的那个妇女是汤姆的妈妈。
The woman you shook hands is Tom's mother.
答案：with whom
3．约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。
John invited about 40 people to his wedding, are family members.
答案：most of whom
4．最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价格很合理。
Recently I bought an ancient vase, was very reasonable.
答案：the price of which
5．请告诉我你没赶上飞机的原因。
Please tell me the reason you missed the plane.
答案：for which
Vocabulary
replace vt. 以……替换，更换；把……放回原处(P65)
归纳 拓展 (1)replace ... with/by ... 用……代替…… (2)replace sb./sth.＝take the place of sb./sth.＝take one's place 取代某人/某物 (3)in place of 代替，取代
①Jim broke Tom's cup and had to replace it with a new one.
吉姆打破了汤姆的杯子，(因此)不得不给他换个新的。
②No one can take the place of her father in her heart.
没有人可以取代父亲在她心目中的位置。
(1)单句语法填空
①We had to keep track of our belongings, and if something was lost, it was not (replace)．
②Many substances are being used place of certain naturally occurring materials.
③We've replaced the old adding machine a computer.
答案：①replaced ②in ③with/by
(2)句型转换
John is ill and I want to know who is going to replace him.
→John is ill and I want to know who is going to .
答案：take the place of him/take his place
Ⅰ.用“介词＋关系代词”填空
1．He built a telescope he could study the stars.
答案：through/with which
2．Can you tell me the reason you were late again.
答案：for which
3．This is my best friend, I want to buy a present.
答案：for whom
4．Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time.
答案：about which
5．I will never forget the day I was admitted to a famous university.
答案：on which
6．My father is the first person I will turn for help when I meet difficulties.
答案：to whom
7．The couple felt most angry about the way the waiter of the hotel treated them.
答案：in which
8．When western people talk about the cities of China, the first comes to their mind is Peking.
答案：of which
Ⅱ.用含有“介词＋关系代词”的定语从句合并下列句子
1．This is a field. I used to grow vegetables in that field.
→
答案：This is a field in which I used to grow vegetables.
2．This is my English teacher. I've learnt a lot from her.
→
答案：This is my English teacher from whom I've learnt a lot.
3．Guangzhou was liberated on the day. The day was Oct.14, 1949.
→
答案：The day on which Guangzhou was liberated was Oct.14, 1949.
4．In the basket there are quite many apples. Some of the apples have gone bad.
→
答案：In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
5．The newly?built café is really a peaceful place for us. The walls of it are painted light green.
→
答案：The newly?built café of which the walls are painted light green is really a peaceful place for us.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．在我的第一堂化学课上，我知道了这个事实：这种无色气体被称作氧气，没有它我们无法生存。
In my first chemistry class I knew the fact that this kind of colorless gas is called oxygen.
答案：without which we can't live
2．课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。
Teachers will never computers in the classroom.
答案：be replaced by
3．我们不知道他拒绝我们帮助的原因。
We didn't know the reason .
答案：for which he refused our help
4．学生们应该积极参加那些能够让他们获得社会经验的社区活动。
Students should take an active part in the community activities .
答案：from which they can gain social experience
5．他是仍然健在的最伟大的作曲家之一。
He is composers.
答案：one of the greatest living
课后课时作业
Gardening is popular in many parts of the world. This outdoor activity gives us beautiful plants, pleasant smelling flowers and fresh fruits and vegetables. But it also does a lot of good to our health.
Gardening connects people. When you are gardening, you are outdoors. So it is a perfect chance to meet and spend time with your neighbors. Most people love to talk about their hobbies, and gardeners are no different. They usually enjoy showing people what they are growing. And most enjoy sharing advice and stories about their gardens almost as much as sharing flowers and vegetables from their gardens.
Gardening is a great activity for children. It gets them outdoors and off computers, televisions and cell phones. Gardening is also a great teacher. It can teach a child about where food comes from and healthy eating. It also helps them to understand that the natural resources (资源) are not inexhaustible and the importance of using them carefully.
Then, when you garden, you must move around. All the different movements needed for gardening, like bending and lifting, work small muscles (肌肉) in the body. And you can easily get good exercise when you are digging holes or pulling grasses.
In a study, researches looked at more than 2,800 people over the age of 60.They studied their lifestyle habits, activities and health over a 16?year period. They found that gardening could lower the risk of future dementia (痴呆) by 36%. Gardening requires people do many repeated actions, such as picking off dying flowers. These actions have a calming influence on the brain. The brain is still active but not in the same way when we use computers.
You'll feel wonderful when what you grow in a garden looks, smells, feels and tastes good.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了园艺对我们的好处，它能让人保持与他人的联系，它对孩子也有好处，还能锻炼身体。
1．What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?
A．Gardeners don't feel lonely.
B．Gardeners are fond of sharing.
C．Gardeners have many hobbies.
D．Gardeners care about the environment.
答案：A 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，当你做园艺时，你可能会遇到邻居并和他们共度时光。由此推断出，你不会感到孤独。
2．What does the underlined word “inexhaustible” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Useless. B．Special.
C．Endless. D．Cheap.
答案：C 词义猜测题。根据上文“It can teach a child about where food comes from and healthy eating.(它能教会孩子粮食从哪里来及健康饮食)”和下文“the importance of using them carefully(小心使用它们的重要性)”可推测出，本句要表达“这让他们理解自然资源不是取之不尽的”，因此，画线词inexhaustible的意思是“用不完的”。
3．What is the study used to show in the fifth paragraph?
A．Gardening is popular with the old.
B．Gardening is good for health.
C．Gardening can be a tiring activity.
D．Gardening is better than playing computers.
答案：B 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“They found that gardening could lower the risk of future dementia (痴呆) by 36%.”可知，园艺可以降低未来患痴呆症的风险。故作者提到这个研究是为了表明园艺有利于健康。
4．What's the purpose of the text?
A．To show how to garden.
B．To encourage us to garden.
C．To show gardening is popular.
D．To encourage us to do outdoor activities.
答案：B 推理判断题。本文全篇都在介绍做园艺的各种好处，由此可推断出作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励我们去做园艺。
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Going camping is one of the best ways to get in touch with nature and enjoy the beautiful outdoors. However, thorough plans before a camping trip may be boring. Just follow these simple camping suggestions to make your trip safe and rewarding.
Choosing a suitable tent
1 When determining the size of your tent, you should take into consideration the number of campers as well as the camping equipment (设备) necessary for your trip. There should be enough room in the tent for the camping equipment. 2
Importance of food
While camping, you will need enough food to give you enough energy for your outdoor activities. 3 You should use a two?burner stove to do all your cooking. Insist on simple cooking during your trip to reduce cooking time.
Enough sleep
All campers should have enough sleep during the night. Nights are generally cooler than the days so you need to have enough warm clothes to feel comfortable to sleep during the night. 4 Extra air mattresses (气垫) may be included in your camping equipment to make your bed more comfortable.
5 Keep these camping suggestions in mind and make sure you are fully prepared to enjoy your camping trip.
A．When buying a sleeping bag, check that you feel comfortable in it.
B．The best camping trips belong to those people who prepare the best.
C．The comfort level in a tent determines the success of a camping trip.
D．Thus you must have an efficient arrangement for your food preparation.
E．If you have a habit to eat in bed, you might not do it during camping.
F．The size is the most important thing you should consider when choosing a tent.
G．It will destroy the mood of the entire camping trip if you don't have enough money.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些露营建议，只要遵循这些简单的露营建议，你的旅行就会安全和有意义。
1．F 根据设空后一句“When determining the size of your tent, you should take into consideration the number of campers as well as the camping equipment (设备) necessary for your trip.”可知，在决定你的帐篷的大小时，你应该考虑到露营者的数量以及你旅行所需要的露营设备。故F项(选择帐篷时，尺寸是最重要的考虑因素。)切题。此处关键词是the size of your tent。
2．C 根据设空前一句“There should be enough room in the tent for the camping equipment.”可知，帐篷里应该有足够的地方放置露营设备，故C项(帐篷里的舒适度决定了露营旅行的成败。)承接上文。
3．D 根据设空前一句“While camping, you will need enough food to give you enough energy for your outdoor activities.”可知，在露营的时候，你需要足够的食物来为你的户外活动提供足够的能量。故D项(因此，你必须有效安排食物的准备。)切题。关键词Thus(因此)表示因果关系，将上下文联系在一起。
4．A 结合设空后“Extra air mattresses (气垫) may be included in your camping equipment to make your bed more comfortable.”可知，额外的气垫可能包括在你的露营设备以内，使你的床更舒适。故设空处也应谈及如何获得良好睡眠的问题。A项(买睡袋的时候，确保你觉得舒服。)切题。此处关键词是“sleeping” “comfortable”。
5．B 根据设空后一句“Keep these camping suggestions in mind and make sure you are fully prepared to enjoy your camping trip.”可知，记住这些露营建议，确保你做好充分的准备来享受你的露营之旅。故B项(最好的野营旅行属于那些准备最好的人。)切题。该项中的prepare与下文的are fully prepared相吻合。
When Beethoven was only four, his father decided to make him a musician. Beethoven was made to practice 1 (play) different musical instruments hour after hour. Whenever he did not put his heart into his practice, his father would be hard 2 him.
3 (fortune), the boy loved music very much and learnt so fast that he was able to go around and give 4 (concert) when he was only 11. When he was 17, he received high praise from Mozart, 5 great Austrian composer. A few years later, Beethoven went to Vienna 6 (study) under Haydn, another great Austrian composer. Then he 7 (write) a great deal of music, even at his most difficult time. But after one illness, he suddenly found 8 (him) deaf at the age of 31.
However, this didn't stop Beethoven. During his life, he composed about 30 pieces of music. It is 9 (amaze) that he wrote some of his best pieces after he became deaf, many of 10 are well known and loved all over the world.
1． 2. 3. 4.
5． 6. 7. 8.
9． 10.
答案：1.playing 2.on 3.Fortunately 4.concerts 5.a
6．to study 7.wrote 8.himself 9.amazing 10.which
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
(2018·浙江高考)It was summer, and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before. He decided to take me on a trip to the Wild West.
We took a plane to Albuquerque, a big city in the state of New Mexico. We reached Albuquerque in the late afternoon. Uncle Paul, my dad's friend, picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos.
His wife Tina cooked us a delicious dinner and we got to know his sons Ryan and Kyle. My dad and I spent the night in the guestroom of the farm house listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby. Very early in the morning, Uncle Paul woke us up to have breakfast. “The day starts at dawn on my farm，” he said. After breakfast, I went to help Aunt Tina feed the chickens, while my dad went with Uncle Paul to take the sheep out to graze (吃草). I was impressed to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses. They looked really cool.
In the afternoon, I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride, and he said yes, as long as my dad went with me. I wasn't going to take a horse ride by myself anyway. So, my dad and I put on our new cowboy hats, got on our horses, and headed slowly towards the mountains. “Don't be late for supper，” Uncle Paul cried, “and keep to the track so that you don't get lost！” “OK！” my dad cried back. After a while Uncle Paul and his farm house were out of sight. It was so peaceful and quiet and the colors of the brown rocks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene. It looked like a beautiful woven (编织的) blanket spread out upon the ground just for us.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.
Paragraph 2：
We had no idea where we were and it got dark.
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。父亲带“我”去农场度假，想给“我”之前从来没有过的体验。在农场有很多很酷的经历。由续写第一段首句提示可知，碰到野生动物后，可描写作者骑的马受惊等遭遇；第二段首句提示作者和父亲迷路，可续写自救、脱险、得到救援等情节。
[精彩范文]
Paragraph 1：
Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. Afraid that I might hurt the lovely small creature, I automatically let out a cry to stop my horse. However, it became scared and started to run like crazy. All this coming without warning, I was seized by fear. “Don't let go of the rope! Keep calm！” yelled Dad. I followed what he told me to. To my relief, it stopped slowly. But before we jumped off the horses, we found that we had been off the beaten track and got lost.
Paragraph 2：
We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark. Exhausted and hungry, I wondered if we could find our way back. I kept shouting for help, hoping my shouts could be heard by someone, but there was no reply. Dad sounded a little worried as he reminded me to calm down. It was then that my mind raced. “Listen, dad, the rushing river water，” I shouted excitedly, “we can return to the farm house down the river.” Before long, we caught sight of the lights in the distance. We knew we were safe. What a thrilling vacation, like never before, we had!
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(共59张PPT)
Period Ⅱ Using language——Grammar & Vocabulary
课前自主预习
精讲课时语法
课后课时作业
本课结束
Period Ⅲ Developing ideas
课前自学导引
热爱园艺
“如果欣赏的角度对了，整个世界都是花园。”这些话来自于1911年首次出版的《秘密花园》一书的作者。那时，在英国只有非常富有的人才有花园。此后不久，人们开始建造带有花园的房屋。这就是英国人对园艺热爱的开始！今天，数以百万计的英国人喜欢说他们有高超的种植技能，大约有一半的人把空闲时间都花在园艺上。
对于很多英国人来说，他们的花园就是他们自己的私人世界。每年春天，孩子们都会种向日葵，等着看哪一株最高。专业的园丁知道玫瑰生长的最佳位置，而其他人则要花上数小时来种植完美的蔬菜来参加比赛。许多英国人最喜欢星期天割草，而一些人只是坐在树枝下，享受他们周围世界的美丽就很开心。
但在城市，有限的空间使得人们寻找新的解决方案。没有室外空间的人可以租用小块的土地来种植作物。如今，伦敦有超过4,000人在等待这样的土地。最近的一个想法是把屋顶和墙壁变成私人花园。这些花园有助于使城市更环保并可以改善空气质量。
园艺不仅对环境有好处，对心灵也有好处。还有什么其他的业余活动能让你与大自然融为一体，创造出更美丽的生物呢？如果你对此有任何疑问，请花点时间来思考一下《秘密花园》中的这句话：在你种玫瑰的地方，蓟草就无法生长。
课堂合作探究
1 expert adj. 内行的，专家的 n. 专家(P68)
归纳 拓展 an expert on/in/at ... 某方面的专家 be expert in/at 在某方面擅长
①She is an expert in child psychology.
她是儿童心理学专家。
②A musician is one who is expert in playing a musical instrument.
音乐家是指在演奏某乐器方面是专家的人。
(1)单句语法填空
(expert) point out that fruit juices can be harmful to children's teeth.
答案：Experts
(2)单句写作
①他擅长训练动物。
He training animals.
②即使是很熟练的驾驶员有时也会犯错误。
Even can make mistakes sometimes.
答案：①is expert in/at ②expert drivers
2 rent v. 租用，租借 n. 租金(P69)
归纳 拓展 (1)rent sth. from sb. 从某人处租用某物 (2)for rent 供租用的
①Some farmers rent their land from the council.
一些农民从地方议会租用土地。
②With the development of pulling down houses, it is harder to find apartments for rent.
随着房屋拆迁的扩大，租房更难了。
单句语法填空
①Does he still live in the flat that was rented a local farmer three years ago?
②Do you have swimsuits rent?
答案：①from ②for
3 limited adj. 有限的(P70)
归纳 拓展 (1)be limited to 受限于，局限到 limit ... to ... 把……限制在…… (2)limit n. 限制；极限；界限 v. 限制 set a limit to 限制，控制 reach the limit达到极限 (3)limitless adj. 无限制的，无界限的
①The expenses should be limited to what you can really afford.
费用不应超出你们偿还能力的限度。
②We set a limit to the expense of the trip.
我们为这次旅游的费用作出了限定。
③She has reached the limit of her patience.
她已到了忍无可忍的地步。
④They limit the speed of cars to 50 kilometers per hour on this road.
他们限定这条路的车速为每小时50千米。
(1)单句语法填空
①The amount of money we have is so (limit) that we can't buy the new house.
②Try to limit your speech five minutes.
答案：①limited ②to
(2)单句写作
在中国的大城市里，小汽车和卡车的车速限定在每小时30千米。
The speed of cars and trucks 30 kilometers per hour in large cities in China.
答案：is limited to
4 benefit n. 好处，益处 vt. 有利于；有益于；受益(P70)
归纳 拓展 (1)for the benefit of ... ＝for one's benefit 为了……的利益 be of benefit to ... 有益于……；对……有好处 (2)benefit sb./sth. 使某人或某物受益 benefit from/by ... 从……中受益/获益 (3)beneficial adj. 有利的；有益的；受益的
①As we all know, books are the source of knowledge. I benefit a great deal from reading.
我们都知道书是知识的源泉。我从读书中获益匪浅。
②Doing exercise every day is of great benefit to health.
天天做运动对健康大有好处。
③The soldier lost his life for the benefit of his motherland.
这名士兵为了祖国的利益献出了生命。
名师点津 benefit一般为不可数名词，但意为“具体的好处”时是可数名词，可用复数形式。
(1)单句语法填空
①The doctor considered that the change would be (benefit) to her health.
②It is said that Yoga is of great benefit health.
答案：①beneficial ②to
(2)单句写作
毫无疑问这些植物受益于雨水。
There is no doubt that the plants the rain.
答案：benefit from
as well as 既……又……，不但……而且……；和……一样好(P69)
归纳 拓展 (1)as well as “除了……以外，还……”；“既……又……”，通常连接两个并列成分，而且强调前者。 (2)as well as连接两个并列主语时，句中谓语动词的单复数形式由as well as前面的主语决定。 (3)as well表示“也，又”的意思，副词词组，常位于句末。
①The teacher, as well as his students, is fond of wat－ching football matches.
那位老师以及他的学生们都喜欢看足球比赛。
②Andy Lau is a famous movie star, and a singer as well.
刘德华既是一位著名影星，也是一名歌手。
(1)单句语法填空
①I, as well as they, (be) ready to help you.
②She sings, and plays the piano .
答案：①am ②as well
(2)句型转换
Mr Brown and his friends like playing basketball. (用as well as改写句子)
→Mr Brown, ， likes play－ing basketball.
答案：as well as his friends
And while many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just to sit under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them. 许多英国人最喜欢星期天割草，而一些人只是坐在树枝下，享受他们周围世界的美丽就很开心。(P68)
剖析 本句中while作并列连词，连接前后的并列分句，表示对比，意为“而；然而”。
归纳 拓展 while除作并列连词外，还有以下用法： (1)while引导让步状语从句，多位于句首，意为“尽管，虽然”。 (2)while引导时间状语从句，从句谓语必须用延续性动词，意为“当……的时候”。
①Cloning plants is simple while cloning animals is very complicated.
克隆植物简单，但克隆动物就非常复杂了。
②While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings.
尽管我承认他的优点，但我还是能看到他的缺点。
③While the discussion was still going on, George came in.
当讨论还在进行时，乔治走了进来。
单句写作
①他喜欢打篮球，而我喜欢听音乐。
He likes playing basketball, .
②当他读报纸的时候，他听到有人敲门。
， he heard someone knocking at the door.
③虽然这些问题很难，但是我能解决它们。
， I can solve them.
答案：①while I like listening to music ②While he was reading the newspaper ③While the problems are difficult
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Understanding the (结构) of the passage can help us understand the passage better.
答案：structure
2．Time is (有限的) so you must hurry up.
答案：limited
3．My dream is to (航行) around the world.
答案：sail
4．I prefer to (租用) such an apartment rather than buy one.
答案：rent
5．The new credit cards will be of great b to our customers.
答案：benefit
6．The English C separates Great Britain from the Continent.
答案：Channel
7．Where do those kids get their e from?
答案：energy
8．They are afraid that unemployment will soon break the b of three million in their country.
答案：barrier
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．They went about their business in a (system) way.
答案：systematic
2．He doubted they would be able to help.
答案：whether/if
3． he loves his students, he is very strict with them.
答案：While/Though/Although
4.It is expected that his new book (publish) next week.
答案：will be published
5．Tom as well as his parents (be) going to Beijing next week.
答案：is
6．The cat felt curious when she saw her own (reflect) in the mirror.
答案：reflection
7．His fear of meeting people is connected his unhappy childhood.
答案：with
8．Cycling is highly (benefit) to health and the environment.
答案：beneficial
Ⅲ.选词填空
separate ... from; nothing better; as well as; be good for; have an effect on
1.Working out for an hour every day your health.
答案：is good for
2．You cannot expect her to do housework look after children at the same time.
答案：as well as
3．It is impossible to belief emotion.
答案：separate; from
4．Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that you most deeply.
答案：have an effect on
5．She likes than a nice long walk along the beach.
答案：nothing better
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．有些人浪费食物，然而有些人却吃不饱。(while)
Some people waste food .
答案：while others don't have enough to eat
2．这场大雨使我们按时到那儿变得困难。(make it＋adj. ＋for sb. to do sth.)
The heavy rain on time.
答案：makes it difficult for us to get there
3．穿着得体的服装，再加上健康的身材，情形会大不相同。(as well as)
Wearing the right clothes can make all the difference.
答案：as well as being fit
4．不管你对这个城市多么熟悉，也很容易迷路。(it作形式主语)
No matter how well you know this city, .
答案：it is easy to get lost
5．听起来好像你在开玩笑。(sound)
you are joking.
答案：It sounds as if/though
课后课时作业
There once was a king in a faraway country. One day, he decided to 1 a prize to the artist who would paint the best picture of 2 . So many artists 3 . The king looked at all the pictures. 4 there were only two he really liked, and he had to 5 between them. One picture was of a 6 lake. The lake was a perfect mirror with peaceful huge mountains all around it. Above was a 7 sky with light white clouds. All who 8 this picture thought that it was a perfect picture of peace.
The other picture had 9 ， too. But these were not flat at all. Above was a(n) 10 sky, from which rain fell heavily and in which lightning played 11 . Down the side of the mountain was a waterfall with loud sound. This did not look 12 at all.
But when the king looked 13 ， he saw behind the waterfall a small tree 14 in a crack (缝隙) in the rock. In the tree a mother bird had 15 her comfortable home. There, with the current of angry water, the mother bird was 16 her hungry children in the nest, taking no attention to the 17 things around them—in perfect peace.
Which picture do you think 18 the prize? The king chose the second picture. Do you know why? “Because” said the king, “peace does not mean to be in a place where there is no 19 ， trouble or hard work. Peace means although noisy things are around you, you 20 keep calm in the heart. That is the real meaning of peace.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了国王要选择一幅最能体现平静的画，并予以奖励。国王要在他最喜欢的两幅画中做出选择，一幅的主题是平静的蓝天白云和湖泊；另一幅则描绘的是狂风暴雨下，与瀑布相邻的灌木树上，正在给小鸟喂食的鸟妈妈。国王选择了第二幅，在嘈杂的环境中，仍守住内心的宁静，这才是真正的平静。
1．A.take B．offer
C．send D．leave
答案：B 谁画的画最好，国王就给谁一个奖项。offer “提供”。
2．A.peace B．silence
C．beauty D．honesty
答案：A 由第8空后的“it was a perfect picture of peace”可知，要画一幅展现宁静平和的画。peace “和平；宁静；安宁”。
3．A.managed B．tried
C．succeeded D．went
答案：B 每位画家都尝试(try)画出一幅表现“宁静”的画。
4．A.And B．Or
C．So D．But
答案：D 由下文“there were only two he really liked”可知，国王看了所有的画但是(but)只喜欢其中两幅画。
5．A.like B．choose
C．give D．need
答案：B 由最后一段中的“The king chose the second picture.”可知，国王需在这两幅画中选择一幅。
6．A.terrible B．noisy
C．calm D．dirty
答案：C 由下文“it was a perfect picture of peace”可知，这画面中湖面是很平静的。calm “平静的”。
7．A.black B．blue
C．gray D．dark
答案：B 由下文“with light white clouds”可知，蓝天白云可以展现出宁静祥和的画面。
8．A.had B．liked
C．painted D．saw
答案：D 谁看到这幅画，都会觉得这是一幅完美地展现了宁静主题的画。
9．A.sky B．mountains
C．peace D．clouds
答案：B 由第6空后的“The lake was a perfect mirror with peaceful huge mountains all around it.”及第11空后的“Down the side of the mountain ... ”并结合该空后的“these”“flat”可知，第二幅画上也画了山脉。mountains “山脉”。
10．A.gentle B．angry
C．blue D．sunny
答案：B 由下文“from which rain fell heavily”可知画中是狂风暴雨的天气，故判断画中天空是昏暗的。angry “生气的，天昏地暗的”。
11．A.slowly B．gently
C．wildly D．happily
答案：C 由上文“from which rain fell heavily”可知，画面中狂风暴雨闪电肆虐。wildly “失控地；狂暴地”。
12．A.peaceful B．noisy
C．happy D．beautiful
答案：A 这幅画描绘了闪电和暴风雨，一点也不是表现平静的画。peaceful “和平的”。
13．A.closely B．strictly
C．quickly D．seriously
答案：A 由下文“he saw behind the waterfall a small tree”可知，当国王仔细观看的时候，发现画中瀑布的后面有一棵小树。closely “仔细地”。
14．A.planting B．coming
C．rising D．growing
答案：D 小树生长在岩石裂缝中。grow “生长”。
15．A.created B．built
C．left D．lain
答案：B 鸟妈妈将鸟巢建造在灌木树上。build “建造”。
16．A.beating B．touching
C．feeding D．speaking
答案：C 由下文“her hungry children in the nest”可知，鸟妈妈正在喂饥饿的鸟宝宝。feed “喂养”。
17．A.silent B．beautiful
C．faraway D．noisy
答案：D 由文章第二段的描述可知，小鸟周围的环境是有电闪雷鸣，十分嘈杂。noisy “嘈杂的”。
18．A.wanted B．lost
C．won D．received
答案：C 由第1空所在的句子以及下文“The king chose the second picture”可知，此处指哪一幅画可以赢得奖项。win “赢得”。
19．A.silence B．noise
C．patience D．joy
答案：B 由下文“although noisy things are around you”可知，平静不意味着没有任何杂音。noise “杂音；噪音”。
20．A.still B．again
C．even D．just
答案：A 由上文“although noisy things are around you”可知，即使周围环境嘈杂，在这种情形下仍然保持内心的安静才是真正的平静。still “仍然”。
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)
A garden that's just right for you
Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum (总和) of its parts? 1 . But it doesn't happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.
● 2
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 3 . However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.
●Recall (回忆) your childhood memories
Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma's rose garden and Dad's vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that's not what's important. 4 —how being in those gardens made us feel. If you'd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 5 . Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown?up garden. Have fun.
A．Know why you garden
B．Find a good place for your own garden
C．It's our experience of the garden that matters
D．It's delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
E．Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
F．You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too
G．For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have
1．F 上文以疑问句开头，提出“你是否参观过一座似乎很适合你的花园”的问题；下文提到“这并不会偶然发生”，以及一些人想要创建自己花园的原因；由此可知，空格处应引出本文的话题，即创建自己的花园。F项提到了“your own garden”，承上启下，符合语境。故选F。
2．A 本段列举了一些人的观点之后，提到“other reasons that might explain why you want to garden”，由此可以推断出本段的主旨就是：你要知道自己为什么要种植花木。
3．E 根据本段中的“Some people may think that ... Others are concerned about ...”可推断出此处应该是：Still others may ...，旨在解释创建花园的原因。
4．C 上句提到：我们的花园可能是根据童年的记忆而建造的，但是那并不重要，可推知本句应指明培植花园对于我们来说什么是最重要的，C项“在花园中的体验最重要”符合上下文语境。matters＝is important，故选C项。
5．G 上句提到：从花些时间回想你童年时期的园子开始吧。“对于(记忆里的)每座花园，写下自己印象最深刻的那部分”与上文语境相符，且G项中的“the strongest memory”与上文中的“recall”相照应。故选G。
There is a wonderful story about Jimmy Durante, one of the great singers. 1 (ask) to be a part of a show for some old World War Ⅱ soldiers, he told them he was very busy and he could afford only a few minutes, 2 he would come if they wouldn't mind his singing one short song and immediately leaving for his next appointment. Of course, the show's director agreed 3 (happy)．
But when Jimmy got on stage, something surprising happened. He went through 4 short song and then stayed. The applause grew louder and louder and he kept 5 (stay). Pretty soon, he had been on stage 6 fifteen, twenty, and then thirty minutes. One of his 7 (assist) behind the stage stopped him and said, “I thought you had to go after a few minutes. What happened？”
Jimmy answered, “I did have to go, but I can show you the reason why I stayed. You can see for 8 (you) if you look at the front row.” In the front row were two men, both of 9 had lost an arm in the war. One had lost his right arm and the other had lost his left. Together, they were able to clap, and that was exactly what they 10 (do), loudly and cheerfully.
1． 2. 3. 4.
5． 6. 7. 8.
9． 10.
答案：1.Asked 2.but 3.happily 4.the 5.staying
6．for 7.assistants 8.yourself 9.whom 10.were doing
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world. For example, cars have made the air unhealthy for people to breathe and poisonous gas is given off by factories. Trees on the hills have been cut
down and waste water is being poured continuously into rivers. Furthermore, wherever we go today, we can find rubbish carelessly disposed (处理)．
There are different kinds of pollutants, each of which comes from different sources. It is necessary to identify the source of pollution, in order to make a policy to get rid of them. Different products, processes and activities of our industrialized world together form the major source of pollution.
The forms of pollution can be mainly divided into three kinds—solids, liquid and gas. These pollutants have greatly damaged our planet and continue to do so. In fact, pollution is threatening our existence. The whole ecological balance of the earth is changing. Massive destruction of environment has brought about negative effects and even posed a great threat to man's existence.
We must face the situation that exists and take action to solve our environmental problems. For instance, new laws must be passed to place strict control over industrial pollution; the public must receive the education about the danger of pollution and raise their awareness of protecting the environment and so on.
The earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it for ourselves and our later generations. Fortunately, more and more people have realized these problems. Measures have been taken to deal with these situations by the government. And laws have been passed to stop pollution, I hope the problems will be solved in the near future and our home will become better and better.
写前导读：本文是一篇说明文。环境污染问题日益严重，文章分析了不同的污染源、污染物的形式及污染带来的严重危害，并给出了一些解决污染问题的建议。
[精彩范文]
The global environment is becoming worse because of various pollutants related to the industrial world.(要点1) In the forms of gas, solids and liquid, these pollutants are becoming a major threat to the earth and human survival.(要点2) Therefore, we have to face it directly and spare no effort to handle it.(要点3) Luckily, people have been aware of the urgency of environmental protection and the government has taken action to solve these problems, which surely will help make our earth better.(要点4)
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Period Ⅲ Developing ideas
课前自学导引
课堂合作探究
课后课时作业
本课结束
Period Ⅳ Writing |概要写作——人与自然
本单元的写作目标是概要写作，主题为人与自然。
1．进行概要写作时要注意以下四点：
(1)一般使用第三人称。
(2)不可加入自己的观点。
(3)一定不可对原文内容加以评论。
(4)一定不要引入与原文内容无关的信息。
2．概要写作步骤
在写概要时，要按照“六步法”的程序进行，具体操作方法如下：
(1)Scan the passage—览全文，定体裁
(2)Underline the main points—划要点
(3)Miss the details—省细节
(4)Analyse the structure—析结构
(5)Restate the points—换表达
(6)Organize the main points into a passage—连全文
1．常用开头语
(1)议论文
The passage/author argues that ... 本文/作者主张……
The passage/author highlights the importance of ... 本文/作者强调了……的重要性。
The passage/author discusses the impact of ... 本文/作者讨论了……的影响。
The passage/author compares ... with ... 本文/作者比较了……与……
(2)说明文
According to the passage, we can know ... 根据文章我们可知……
This passage/article is mainly about ... 这篇文章主要是关于……
In the passage, the writer/author mainly tells us ... 在这篇文章中作者主要告诉我们……
A new study found ... 一个新的研究发现……
The purpose of the report is to show ... 这一报告的目的是表明……
(3)记叙文
The passage/story is mainly about ... 本文/这个故事主要是关于……
The author tells us a story about ... 作者告诉我们一个关于……的故事
The passage is a story about ... 本文是一个关于……的故事
2．要点连接词
(1)顺序
firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally首先，第二，第三，最后；to begin with, then, furthermore, finally首先，然后，其次，最后；to start with, next, in addition, finally首先，然后，其次，最后。
(2)并列
as well as也；not only ... but (also) ... 不仅……还……；including/included包括。
(3)对比
on the one hand ... on the other hand ... 一方面……另一方面……；for one thing ... for another ... 一方面……另一方面……；on the contrary与此相反；nevertheless然而；compared to与……相比；in contrast with与……形成对比；though/in spite of尽管。
(4)递进
even甚至；besides除了……之外(还)；what's more还有；moreover而且；furthermore此外；in addition另外；worse still＝what's worse＝to make matters worse更糟糕的是。
(5)例证
as a matter of fact/in fact 事实上；for example/for instance例如。
(6)强调
especially特别；indeed确实；at least至少；at most最多；not at all根本不；or rather更确切地说；particularly特别地。
(7)因果
thanks to多亏；as a result结果；because of/as a result of/on account of/due to因为；owing to多亏；for this reason由于这个原因。
(8)总结
in short总之；generally speaking一般来说；briefly/in brief简言之；to sum up＝to summarize＝in summary/to conclude总之。
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Bamboo is one of the world's most useful plants. For thousands of years bamboo has been used in many different ways—from food to medicine to clothing and, in small ways, as a building material.
However, bamboo is not often used as a building material in the developed world. A professor at the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania is trying to change that. The professor and his students are testing the strength of bamboo. They are testing its radial load, or how much pressure or weight it can take before breaking. Kent Harries is a professor at the University of Pittsburgh. Harries says that testing methods for bamboo need to be the same for all. They need to be standardized.
Harries says bamboo is strong in nature. The strength of at least three species of bamboo is similar to steel. Besides its strength, Harries says that bamboo has other features that make it a great building material. He says it is resilient, meaning it keeps its shape and strength even under pressure.
Bamboo also grows quickly. Bamboo that is suitable for construction needs much less resources than wood. The harvest cycle of bamboo is about 3 years. Softwoods such as cedar, pine and spruce have a harvest cycle of about 10 years. And hardwoods that come from flowering plants such as oak, maple and walnut need more than 30 years.
Bamboo is widely used as food for panda bears. It is also used for flooring and window covers. However, for building, bamboo is not used much outside its native growing area. This is mostly because of its round shape. But there are other reasons too. People think that bamboo is a low?quality building material.
[精彩范文]
Though bamboo has been used widely, it is seldom applied in construction, which a professor and his students want to change by researching bamboo's strength.(要点1) Firstly, bamboo is strong and resilient.(要点2) Besides, it grows fast and is environmentally?friendly.(要点3) However, bamboo is used less in construction, mainly because it is round and is considered of low quality.(要点4)
总评 范文按照文章要点出现的先后顺序进行了很好地整理和写作，恰当运用同义词转换使文章高级感更强。
[亮点呈现]
(1)文中首句Though bamboo has been used widely, it is seldom applied in construction, which a professor and his students want to change by researching bamboo's strength.使用了though引导的让步状语从句及which引导的非限制性定语从句，展现了作者高超的语言表达能力和总结能力。
(2)文中使用Firstly, Besides, However引出要点，使文章更有条理性。
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Meeting Bears in National Parks
Bears and humans often meet in National Parks. Although campers and hikers are warned not to feed the bears, many people ignore these warnings and feed the beasts anyway. When bears are used to people's food, problems soon arise.
Bears like to eat a wide variety of things, both meat and vegetable. Without human assistance, bears live nicely on roots, twigs, leaves of trees, insects and small animals. With people around, the bears' tastes quickly expand to include sandwiches, hot dogs, hamburgers, and anything else they can tempt humans into giving up.
Bears often develop clever strategies for getting people to let go their food supplies. More often than not, an unsuspecting hiker has taken off his or her pack for a rest only to have a bear charge out of the woods, grab the pack and quickly disappear into the underbrush with it. Hanging the pack on a tree branch won't help. Bears have been known to climb up, jump off, and catch the pack on the way down. One mother bear stretched up with her baby on her shoulders to reach a pack stored on a pole. Many bears threaten people into giving up their supplies. Although a bear is unlikely to attack a person and would probably run away if screamed at, few people are willing to do so. Most people drop the pack and run the other way. This, of course, delights the bear. In some places, the Park Service has installed some metal barrels with lids to help campers keep their supplies safe from bears. Although the bears are unable to open these containers, the effort has been less than successful. Most campers, unable to tell the metal drums from rubbish cans, never use them for the intended purpose.
写前导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人类错误投喂熊的行为所带来的问题。
[精彩范文]
课外拓展阅读——中国优秀传统文化专题练
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
In human history, many ancient and splendid civilizations were born and died. China is the only country with uninterrupted human civilization. Chinese civilization was born 1 the shores of the Yellow River. And the rich land 2 Chinese civilization began is Henan Province.
The Yellow River goes across 3 (center) Henan. It is said that China's most ancient tribal (部落的) 4 (leader), the Yellow Emperor and the Yan Emperor, were born here. Even today, Chinese people all over the world still 5 (proud) call themselves the descendants (后裔) of these two emperors.
6 (respect) by every generation, the Mother River holds 7 unshakable position in the heart of every Chinese. With intelligence, hard work and determination, Chinese people pursue co?existence and common prosperity on this land. The 5,464?km?long Yellow River breaks barriers and flows into the broad plain, 8 (form) the cradle (摇篮) of Chinese civilization.
Till now, the Yellow River 9 (raise) 13 dynasties' capital Luoyang, 8 dynasties' capital Kaifeng and the biggest economic center in 10 (it) area—Zhengzhou.
1． 2. 3. 4.
5． 6. 7. 8.
9． 10.
答案：1.on 2.where 3.central 4.leaders 5.proudly
6．Respected 7.an 8.forming 9.has raised 10.its
The Yellow River basin is not only the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilization, but also the most prosperous region in the early history of China.
黄河流域不仅是中国古代文明的诞生地，也是中国早期历史上最繁荣的地区。
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Period Ⅳ Writing |
概要写作——人与自然
本课结束
Unit 6 At one with nature
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1．harmony n. 融洽，和谐，一致→harmonious adj. 调和的，和谐的，均衡的
in harmony with 与……协调一致
out of harmony with 与……不协调一致
2．design v. 设计，(为某种特定目的)计划 n. 设计；图案；意图
design sth. for sb./sth. 为……设计……
(be) designed for sb./sth. 为……而设计
be designed as sth. 被设计成
be designed to do sth. 为做某事而设计
by design＝on purpose 故意地，蓄意地
3．harm v．& n. 伤害，损害→harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的→harmless adj. 无害的，不会造成损害的
do ... harm/do harm to ... 对……有害
There is no harm in (sb.'s) doing sth. 做某事无害处
be harmful to ... 对……有害处
4．expert adj. 内行的，专家的 n. 专家
an expert on/in/at ... 某方面的专家
be expert in/at 在某方面擅长
5．limited adj. 有限的→limit n. 限制；极限；界限 v. 限制→limitless adj. 无限制的，无界限的
be limited to 受限于，局限到
set a limit to 限制，控制
reach the limit 达到极限
limit ... to ... 把……限制在……
6．rent v. 租用，租借 n. 租金
rent sth. from sb. 从某人处租用某物
for rent 供租用的
7．benefit n. 好处，益处 vt. 有利于；有益于；受益→beneficial adj. 有利的；有益的；受益的
for the benefit of ... ＝for one's benefit为了……的利益
be of benefit to ... 有益于……；对……有好处
benefit sb./sth. 使某人或某物受益
benefit from/by ... 从……中受益/获益
8．feed on (动物)以……为食
feed sb./sth. on/with ... ＝feed ... to sb./sth. 用……来喂/饲养某人/物
be fed up with 厌烦……
live on (人)以……为主食，靠……生活
9．as well as 既……又……，不但……而且……；和……一样好
Ⅱ.教材原句
1．During the rainy season, it is along these waterways that rainwater moves down the mountains and into the terraces.(P63)
在雨季，雨水正是沿着这些水道从山上流下进入梯田。
2．And while many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just to sit under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them.(P68)
许多英国人最喜欢星期天割草，而一些人只是坐在树枝下，享受他们周围世界的美丽就很开心。
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Two of the tyres had to be (replace).
答案：replaced
2．The program is designed (help) people who wish to teach abroad.
答案：to help
3．Flats are expensive, houses are cheap.
答案：while
4．This is a subject which we have talked a lot.
答案：about
5．It is so important for us to build a (harmony) society.
答案：harmonious
6．The terrible pollution has done great harm us as well as the surroundings.
答案：to
7．The villagers set off firecrackers to celebrate the (complete) of the bridge.
答案：completion
8．I never had the (beneficial) of a university education.
答案：benefit
9．The government has taken many measures to help the (agriculture) development.
答案：agricultural
10．The heavy rain prevented him (arrive) there on time.
答案：arriving
Ⅳ.开放型任务
围绕本单元话题“At one with nature”，我们学习了located, expert, limited等重点词汇的用法；学习了“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句的用法。结合本单元学习内容，以日记的形式记录下你最近一次和大自然亲密接触的事情吧！
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重点词汇/教材原句/单句语法填空/开放型任务
单元重点知识回顾
本课结束
