【专题讲义】2020年中考英语一轮复习
专题06 介词和介词短语知识点、考点及考题专题精讲（学生版）
命题趋势：
介词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2～4分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用介词的能力。
中考考查重点：
1. 介词辨析；
2. 介词短语辨析。
介词是一种虚词，它不能单独担任句子成分，必须与名词或代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句构成介词短语，才能担任句子成分。
考向一：时间介词
表示＂时间＂的介词如下：
① 表示年、月、日、时刻等用at, in, on
② 表示时间的前后用before, after
③ 表示期限等用by, until, till
④ 表示期间等用for, during, through
⑤ 表示时间的起点等用from, since
⑥ 表示时间的经过等用in, within, at, on, in
at用于表示时刻、时间的某一点
at lunch在午饭时 at breakfast早餐时 at noon正午时 at night在夜间
at that time那时 at the moment此刻，目前 at the same time同时 at times偶尔，有时
at nine在九点钟 at first开始的时候，起初 at last最后
?We usually have lunch at noon/ at twelve. 我们通常中午吃午饭(十二点吃午饭)。
注意：表示时间的名词前有this, last, next, every等修饰时，其前面不加介词。
this morning今天早上 last Monday上周一 every week每周
on用于表示某天，某一天的上、下午(指具体的某一时，一律用on)
on Monday 在周一 on Monday evening 在周一晚上
on Tuesday morning 在周二早上 on June 6在6月6日
on May 4,2016 在2016年5月4日 on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚
on that day在那天 on Christmas Day在圣诞节那天
on time准时 on the night of July(the)first 在七月一日的夜晚
?We didn’ t listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon. 周三下午我们没去听演讲。
in用于表示周、月、 季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上(指在一段时间内)。
in the week在这周 in the holiday在假期中
in May 在五月 in 1995在1995年
in summer在夏季 in Spring在春季
in autumn在秋季 in winter在冬季
in September, 1995 在1995年9月 in the morning 在上午
in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening在晚上
in the 21st century在二十一世纪 in time及时
in an hour一个小时后 in a minute一会儿，立刻
?The plane took off on time.飞机准时起飞了。
?People go skating in winter.人们冬天去滑冰。
?Do they work in the day time or at night? 他们是白天工作还是夜里工作？
before, after(注：两个既可以作介词又可以作连词)
before在……之前
?Wash your hands before dinner.(before作介词)吃饭前请洗手。
?He will call me before he leaves here/before ten o’ clock.(前一个before作连词；后一个before作介词)他离开这儿之前/十点之前，将给我打电话。
after在……之后
?Let’s sing some songs after school.(after作介词)放学后咱们唱歌吧！
?Please close the door after you leave the room.(after作连词)离开房间后请关门。
by, until/till
by 在……前(时间)；截止(到)……
?How many English books had you read by the end of last year? 到去年年底以前你看过多少本英文书？
?She had left by the time I arrived. 我到时(之前)她已经走了。
by the end of在……底(之前) by then 到那时 by the time+从句 在……之前
until/till知道……为止(时间)
?We didn’ t begin to watch TV until/till nine o’ clock. 一直到九点，我们才开始看电视。(begin是点动词，所以用否定式)
?I will wait for him until he comes here. 我将在这儿一直等到他来。
for, during, through
for
达……之久(表示经过了多少时间)，可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用，但经常和完成时连用。
during
在……期间
through
一直……(从开始到结束)
?He has lived here for 20 years.他在这儿已经住了二十年了。
?We will stay in the city for two days.我们要在这座城市呆两天。
?They are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays.暑假中他们打算好好休息一下。
?They played the cards through the night.他们打了一整夜的牌。
?He stayed in London through the winter.他整个冬天都待在伦敦。
【注意】for和during。for之后大多跟表示时间、具体天数等的数字名词。而during后决不能跟表数字的名词。
from, since
from从……起(时间)
表示＂从……开始＂时，一般都是用词组from...to...，而单纯表示确切的＂从几点开始＂时用at。
?The meeting will be held from eight to ten. 这个会议将从8点开到10点。
?The meeting will be held at eight. 会议将从八点钟开始。
since自从……以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)
?I have been sick since yesterday.我从昨天起就病了。(强调一直病到现在)
?The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor.(since作连词，引导时间状语从句)这个医生自从当医生以来已经拯救了许多人的生命。
in, within
in过……后(未来时间)大多用在将来时(一般将来时和过去将来时)。
in an hour一小时之后 in a week or so大约一星期之后
?He will be back in five hours.他五小时之后回来。
?They said they would arrive here in a week.他们说他们一周后到达。
within不超过……的范围
within 3 hours 3小时之内 within a week一周之内
?I must finish painting the cat within five minutes.我必须在五分钟之内画好这只猫。
比较：within和in。within强调＂在……时间之内＂，没有时态的限制。in是以现在为基础，in an hour是指从现在起一小时之后，所以in一般只用于将来时。
考向二：表示场所、方向的介词
(1) 表示场所的介词：at, in, on, under, by, near, between, around, opposite
(2) 表示方向的介词：into, out of, along, across, through, up, past
①at, in
at在某地(表示比较狭窄的场所)
at school上学 at home在家
stand at the door站在门边 at a factory在一家工厂
at the bottom of在……下面 at the party在聚会上
at the end of在……末尾 at the table在桌旁
at the station在火车站 at the crossroads在十字路口
at work在上班 at the bus stop在公共汽车站
?I’ ll meet him at the Beijing railway station. 我将去北京站接他。
in在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所)
in Beijing在北京 in the world在世界上 in the house在房子里
?His brother is in prison and was arrested 2 years ago. 他哥哥两年前被捕现在在监狱中服刑。
?She was born in China.她是在中国出生的。
②on, above, over, under, below
on在……上面，有接触面。
on the desk在桌子上面；on the map在地图上。
on在……靠近……的地方
on the right在右边 on the screen在屏幕上 on the river在河边 on the farm在农场
on the floor在地板上 on the island/beach在岛上/海滨 on the pavement在人行道上
above在……上方
?Our plane flew above the clouds.我们的飞机在云端上飞行。
over在……正上方，是under的反义词
?There is a light over Li Ming.李明的正上方有一盏灯。
?A few birds were flying over the sea.有几只鸟在海上飞。
?under在……下面；在……之内
under the table桌子下面 under the jacket在夹克内
?The dog is under the table.这只狗在桌子下面。
below在……下方(不一定是正下方) 正下方是under，below是above的反义词。
?There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water.水面下有许多各式各样的鱼。
③near, by
near近的，不远的
near=not far，是far的反义词。near还可以指时间。
in the near future在不久的将来
?Is there a bus stop near here? 这儿附近有公共汽车站吗？
by在……旁边，距离比near要近
by the window在窗户旁边 by me在我旁边
?The boy is standing by the window. 这个男孩正站在窗户旁边。
④ between, among, around
between在两者之间
?My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.我们的老师正坐在汤姆和迈克之间。
?What’ s the difference between A and B? A和B之间有什么区别？
among在三者或更多的之中
?There is a beautiful house among the trees.在树林之中有一间漂亮的房子。
?He is very popular among the students.他在学生之中很受欢迎(很出名)。
around环绕，在……周围，在……四周
?We sat around the table.我们在桌子四周坐下来。
?The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。
⑤ in front of，behind，opposite
in front of早……的前面；在……的前部
?There is a tree in front of the house.
?There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of the classroom. 在教室的前部有一张大讲桌。
behind在……后面 behind是in front of的反义词
?There is a tree behind my house. 我家房子后面有一颗树。
?There is a tree at the back of my house.我家房子后面有一棵树。
opposite在……对面
?Our school is opposite a university,我们学校在一所大学的对面。
?He stood opposite me.他站在我对面。
⑥ in, into, out of, up
in在……之内，用于表示静止的位置
?The students are in the classroom.学生们在教室里。
into进入用于表有特定终点的运动的方向。通常用于表示动作的动词之后,如go, come, walk, run等。
?The students run into the classroom.学生们跑进教室。
?He jumped into the water.他跳入水中。
out of和into一样，也表示有一定的运动方向
?The students rushed out of the room.学生们冲出房间。
out of的基本含义：从……到外面，离开；在……范围之外；从(某个数)之中 up移动
?The children climbed up the tree.孩子们爬上了树。
⑦ along, across, past, through
along沿着
?I was walking along the river when it began to rain.我正沿着河边散步，突然下起雨来了。
across横过
?I often swim across the river.我常游泳横渡这条河。
past经过
?Every day he runs past the city hall.他每天跑步经过市政府。
through贯穿，通过
?The sun shone through the clouds.阳光穿过云层照射下来。
?The river was through the city.这条河穿过这个城市。
⑧ to, from, for
单词
含义
例句
to
到达……地点(目的地)或方向
He came to Japan in 1980.他1980年来到日本。
from
从……地点起
leaver for动身去…… start for出发去……
I will leave for America next week.下周我将动身去美国。
for
表示目的地，＂向……＂ for表目的时，一般都是和固定动词搭配。
It’ s about ten minutes’ walk from here to the cinema. 从这儿到电影院大约需步行十分钟。
考向三： 其他介词(介词除了可以表示＂时间＂、＂场所＂以外，有些也可以表示＂手段＂＂材料＂等。)
(1)表示手段和材料的介词with, in, by
①with和……在一起
?Will you please go with me?你和我一起去好吗？
with具有、带有
?He was a handsome boy with large bright eyes.他是有着一双明亮大眼睛的英俊男孩。
with用某种工具或办法
?Li Li cut her hand with a knife.莉莉用刀把手指弄破了。
?He wrote the letter with a new pen.他用一只新钢笔写这封信。
with one’ s help在某人的帮助下
?With the teacher’ s help I have made progress.在老师的帮助下，我取得了进步。
②in表示用什么材料(如用墨水，铅笔等)，或用什么语言，或者表示衣着、声调特点时，不用with，而用in。
?she wrote a letter in black ink. 她用黑色的墨水写信。
?Don’ t write it in pencil but in ink. 别用铅笔写，用钢笔(水)写。
?Can you speak in English? 你能用英语说吗？
③by通过……方法、手段
＂by+交通工具＂的词组：
by bicycle骑自行车 by train坐火车
by plane/by air坐飞机 by taxi坐出租车
by car坐小汽车 by ship坐船 by bus坐公共汽车
(2)of, from
①of(属于)……的；表示……的数量或种类
?This is a map of china.这是一幅中国地图。
?Will you please give me a cup of tea? 请您给我一杯茶好吗？
②from来自(某地、某人)；以……起始(时间或地点)
?I’ m from Nanjing.我是南京人。
?We work from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五上班。
(3)without, like, as
①without没有，是with的反义词。
?Man can’ t live without air and water.人类没有空气和水不能生存。
?Please give me a cup of coffee with(without)milk.请给我一杯(不)加牛奶的咖啡。
②like像……一样
?Nancy is just like her mother.南希和她的妈妈一样。
?Nancy looks like her mother.(南希和她妈妈长得一样。)用look时，强调外表。
③as作为
?He is famous as a scientist here. 他在此地作为一个科学家而闻名。
?The room is dirty as usual. 这房间像平时一样脏。
(4)against, about
①against反对；靠着
?He is against the plan(Li Ming).他反对这个计划。(他反对李明)
?The teacher is standing against the blackboard.老师正靠着黑板站着。
②about 关于；各处；身旁
?Tell me something about your life.告诉我你的生活情况。
?I have no money about/with me.我身上没带钱。
about 询问某人/某物的情况或提出建议
?What about your sister? 你姐姐情况如何？
?How about going to the park? 去公园怎么样？
考向四：介词短语
1 at once 立刻 2 at last 最后
3 at first 起先，首先 4 at the age of... 在……岁时
5 at the end of...在……之末 6 at the beginning of... 在……之初
7 at the foot of... 在……脚下 8 at the same time 同时
9 at night/noon 在夜里/中午
10 with one’ s help 在某人的帮助下，由于某人的帮助
11 with the help of ... 在……的帮助下 12 with a smile 面带笑容
13 with one’ s own eyes 亲眼看见 14 after a while 过了一会儿
15 from now on 从现在起 16 from then on 从那时起
17 for example 例如 18 far away from 远离
19 from morning till night 从早到晚 20 by and by 不久
21 by air mail 寄航空邮件 22 by bike/air/train/bus 骑自行车/乘飞机/火车/汽车
23 by ordinary mail 寄平信 24 by the way 顺便说
25 by the window 在窗边 26 by the end of... 到……底为止
27 little by little 逐渐地 28 in all 总共 29 in fact 事实上
30 in one’ s twenties 在某人二十几岁时 31 in a hurry 匆忙
32 in the middle of 在……中间 33 in no time (in a minute) 立刻，很快
34 in time (on time) 及时 35 in public 公众，公开地
36 in order to 为了…… 37 in front of 在……前面
38 in the sun 在阳光下 39 in the end 最后，终于
40 in surprise 惊奇地 41 in turn 依次
42 of course 当然 43 a bit (of) 有一点儿
44 a lot of 许多 45 a little 一点儿
46 on one’ s way to 某人在去……的路上 47 on foot 步行，走路
48 a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告 49 on the other hand 另一方面
50 at/on the weekend 在周末 51 on the left (right) 在左(右)边
52 on the other side of 在……另一边 53 on the radio 通过收音机(无线电广播)
54 to one’ s joy 使……高兴的是 55 to one’ s surprise 使……惊讶的是
1.(2019 ? 福建省)—Is that your headmaster?
—You mean the man ____________ blue?
A. on B. with C. in
2.(2019 ? 安徽省)On sunny days, my grandma often reads a novel ____________ the window.
A. by B. for C. with D. from
3.(2019 ? 山东省滨州市)—I want to watch TV the whole day after the long journey.
—You shouldn’t watch TV too much. It’s bad ____________ your eyes.
A. on B. in C. for D. with
4.(2019 ? 湖南省郴州市)We will attend the junior high graduation ceremony ____________ June 21st, 2019.
A. in B. at C. on
5.(2019 ? 甘肃省敦煌市)I’m going out. I’ll be back ____________ an hour.
A. at B. on C. in D. from
6.(2019 ? 江苏省淮安)____________ the help of modern technology, scientists got a photo of a black hole.
A. At B. In C. On D. With
7.(2019 ? 乐山市)—Do you have this T-shirt in a different color?
—I’m afraid not. It only comes ____________ red.
A. of B. in C. for
8.(2019 ? 临沂市)In the world, more than 30% of schools do not provide safe drinking water ____________ about 570 million children.
A. with B. for C. towards
9.(2019 ? 山东省青岛市)The high speed train ____________ Qingdao and Beijing travels faster now. The train ride takes only about three hours.
A. from B. among C. in D. between
10.(2019 ? 江苏泰州市)Ladies and Gentlemen, welcome to Beijing!! And if you need any help, please call me
_________010-5558 6390.
A. at B. on C. with D. by
11.(2019 ? 浙江省温州市)The instructions tell us everything ____________ about how to make the model ship.
A. by hand B. by chance C. in detail D. in person
12.(2019 ?湖北省武汉)He wrote his phone number ____________ a piece of paper.
A. on B. for C. in D. from
13.(2019 ?湖北省孝感市)To my great joy, my family is always ____________ me whatever I decide to do.
A. behind B. to C. from D. against
14.(2019 ? 江苏省宿迁市)Beijing Expo 2019 opened to the public ____________ 29th April. It will last over five months.
A. at B. in C. on D. of
15.(2019 ?重庆市B卷)I enjoy talking with my classmates ____________ our way to school.
A. on B. at C. in D. under
16.(2019 ?河北)This story is ____________ simple English. My little sister can read it.
A. for????????????????????? B. in?????????????????????????? C. with?????????????????????? D. by
17.(2019 ?北京)We planted some flowers ____________ the garden yesterday.
A. on B. to C. in D. of
18.(2019 ? 深圳市)—How was your skating lesson last week?
—Not bad. Although I fell over many times, I managed to skate at last.
A. in the end B. at present C. at times
19.(2019 ? 广东省)I think tea will taste better ____________ some milk in it.
A. for B. with C. from D. at
20.(2019 ? 山西省)Change the information you read into a mind map. ____________ you can remember it well and think of it later easily.
A. In this way B. At the same time C. On the other hand
21.(2019 ?河南省)—Shall I help you ____________ the street, Grandpa?
—No, thanks. I can manage it myself.
A. on B. with C. across D. along
22.(2019 ? 黑龙江省哈尔滨市)—When will the movie The King Lion《狮子王》 return to movie theatres in America?
—____________ July.
A. On B. At C. In
1. (河南省郑州地区2019年中招第二次模拟考试)Diao Yu Island is _______ Japan. It belongs to our China forever. Anyone can’t part with China.
A. in B. to C. on D. at
2. (新乡市2019届九年级第一次模拟考试)—Mom, my knees have gone _______ my jeans.
—No kidding! I just bought it for you last week.
A. off B. on C. through D. out
3. (2019辽宁中考模拟)Kelly is thinking about how these old books can be put _______ good use.
A. to B. in C. on D. at
4. (湖北省武汉市华师一附中光谷分校2018-2019学年度下学期5月考)He wrote his phone number _______ a piece of paper.
A. from B. for C. in D. on
5. (天津市南开区2018-2019学年度九年级第二学期三模)Darning can’t see the blackboard clearly because two tall boys sit him.
A. next to B. behind C. in front of D. on
6. (四川省成都市成华区2019届初三第二次诊断性检测)Betty kept silent at first, soon she joined the other girls, chatting and laughing.
A. but B. so C. or
7. (河北省新乐市2019届九年级第二学期期中质量检测)You look quite beautiful ______ this pink dress.
A. in B. on C. with D. for
8. (江苏省苏州市园区2019年中考一模)We are all encouraged to work hard and succeed life.
A. on B. in C. out D. up
【专题讲义】2020年中考英语一轮复习
专题06 介词和介词短语知识点、考点及考题专题精讲（解析版）
命题趋势：
介词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2～4分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用介词的能力。
中考考查重点：
1. 介词辨析；
2. 介词短语辨析。
介词是一种虚词，它不能单独担任句子成分，必须与名词或代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句构成介词短语，才能担任句子成分。
考向一：时间介词
表示＂时间＂的介词如下：
① 表示年、月、日、时刻等用at, in, on
② 表示时间的前后用before, after
③ 表示期限等用by, until, till
④ 表示期间等用for, during, through
⑤ 表示时间的起点等用from, since
⑥ 表示时间的经过等用in, within, at, on, in
at用于表示时刻、时间的某一点
at lunch在午饭时 at breakfast早餐时 at noon正午时 at night在夜间
at that time那时 at the moment此刻，目前 at the same time同时 at times偶尔，有时
at nine在九点钟 at first开始的时候，起初 at last最后
?We usually have lunch at noon/ at twelve. 我们通常中午吃午饭(十二点吃午饭)。
注意：表示时间的名词前有this, last, next, every等修饰时，其前面不加介词。
this morning今天早上 last Monday上周一 every week每周
on用于表示某天，某一天的上、下午(指具体的某一时，一律用on)
on Monday 在周一 on Monday evening 在周一晚上
on Tuesday morning 在周二早上 on June 6在6月6日
on May 4,2016 在2016年5月4日 on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚
on that day在那天 on Christmas Day在圣诞节那天
on time准时 on the night of July(the)first 在七月一日的夜晚
?We didn’ t listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon. 周三下午我们没去听演讲。
in用于表示周、月、 季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上(指在一段时间内)。
in the week在这周 in the holiday在假期中
in May 在五月 in 1995在1995年
in summer在夏季 in Spring在春季
in autumn在秋季 in winter在冬季
in September, 1995 在1995年9月 in the morning 在上午
in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening在晚上
in the 21st century在二十一世纪 in time及时
in an hour一个小时后 in a minute一会儿，立刻
?The plane took off on time.飞机准时起飞了。
?People go skating in winter.人们冬天去滑冰。
?Do they work in the day time or at night? 他们是白天工作还是夜里工作？
before, after(注：两个既可以作介词又可以作连词)
before在……之前
?Wash your hands before dinner.(before作介词)吃饭前请洗手。
?He will call me before he leaves here/before ten o’ clock.(前一个before作连词；后一个before作介词)他离开这儿之前/十点之前，将给我打电话。
after在……之后
?Let’s sing some songs after school.(after作介词)放学后咱们唱歌吧！
?Please close the door after you leave the room.(after作连词)离开房间后请关门。
by, until/till
by 在……前(时间)；截止(到)……
?How many English books had you read by the end of last year? 到去年年底以前你看过多少本英文书？
?She had left by the time I arrived. 我到时(之前)她已经走了。
by the end of在……底(之前) by then 到那时 by the time+从句 在……之前
until/till知道……为止(时间)
?We didn’ t begin to watch TV until/till nine o’ clock. 一直到九点，我们才开始看电视。(begin是点动词，所以用否定式)
?I will wait for him until he comes here. 我将在这儿一直等到他来。
for, during, through
for
达……之久(表示经过了多少时间)，可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用，但经常和完成时连用。
during
在……期间
through
一直……(从开始到结束)
?He has lived here for 20 years.他在这儿已经住了二十年了。
?We will stay in the city for two days.我们要在这座城市呆两天。
?They are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays.暑假中他们打算好好休息一下。
?They played the cards through the night.他们打了一整夜的牌。
?He stayed in London through the winter.他整个冬天都待在伦敦。
【注意】for和during。for之后大多跟表示时间、具体天数等的数字名词。而during后决不能跟表数字的名词。
from, since
from从……起(时间)
表示＂从……开始＂时，一般都是用词组from...to...，而单纯表示确切的＂从几点开始＂时用at。
?The meeting will be held from eight to ten. 这个会议将从8点开到10点。
?The meeting will be held at eight. 会议将从八点钟开始。
since自从……以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)
?I have been sick since yesterday.我从昨天起就病了。(强调一直病到现在)
?The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor.(since作连词，引导时间状语从句)这个医生自从当医生以来已经拯救了许多人的生命。
in, within
in过……后(未来时间)大多用在将来时(一般将来时和过去将来时)。
in an hour一小时之后 in a week or so大约一星期之后
?He will be back in five hours.他五小时之后回来。
?They said they would arrive here in a week.他们说他们一周后到达。
within不超过……的范围
within 3 hours 3小时之内 within a week一周之内
?I must finish painting the cat within five minutes.我必须在五分钟之内画好这只猫。
比较：within和in。within强调＂在……时间之内＂，没有时态的限制。in是以现在为基础，in an hour是指从现在起一小时之后，所以in一般只用于将来时。
考向二：表示场所、方向的介词
(1) 表示场所的介词：at, in, on, under, by, near, between, around, opposite
(2) 表示方向的介词：into, out of, along, across, through, up, past
①at, in
at在某地(表示比较狭窄的场所)
at school上学 at home在家
stand at the door站在门边 at a factory在一家工厂
at the bottom of在……下面 at the party在聚会上
at the end of在……末尾 at the table在桌旁
at the station在火车站 at the crossroads在十字路口
at work在上班 at the bus stop在公共汽车站
?I’ ll meet him at the Beijing railway station. 我将去北京站接他。
in在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所)
in Beijing在北京 in the world在世界上 in the house在房子里
?His brother is in prison and was arrested 2 years ago. 他哥哥两年前被捕现在在监狱中服刑。
?She was born in China.她是在中国出生的。
②on, above, over, under, below
on在……上面，有接触面。
on the desk在桌子上面；on the map在地图上。
on在……靠近……的地方
on the right在右边 on the screen在屏幕上 on the river在河边 on the farm在农场
on the floor在地板上 on the island/beach在岛上/海滨 on the pavement在人行道上
above在……上方
?Our plane flew above the clouds.我们的飞机在云端上飞行。
over在……正上方，是under的反义词
?There is a light over Li Ming.李明的正上方有一盏灯。
?A few birds were flying over the sea.有几只鸟在海上飞。
?under在……下面；在……之内
under the table桌子下面 under the jacket在夹克内
?The dog is under the table.这只狗在桌子下面。
below在……下方(不一定是正下方) 正下方是under，below是above的反义词。
?There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water.水面下有许多各式各样的鱼。
③near, by
near近的，不远的
near=not far，是far的反义词。near还可以指时间。
in the near future在不久的将来
?Is there a bus stop near here? 这儿附近有公共汽车站吗？
by在……旁边，距离比near要近
by the window在窗户旁边 by me在我旁边
?The boy is standing by the window. 这个男孩正站在窗户旁边。
④ between, among, around
between在两者之间
?My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.我们的老师正坐在汤姆和迈克之间。
?What’ s the difference between A and B? A和B之间有什么区别？
among在三者或更多的之中
?There is a beautiful house among the trees.在树林之中有一间漂亮的房子。
?He is very popular among the students.他在学生之中很受欢迎(很出名)。
around环绕，在……周围，在……四周
?We sat around the table.我们在桌子四周坐下来。
?The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。
⑤ in front of，behind，opposite
in front of早……的前面；在……的前部
?There is a tree in front of the house.
?There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of the classroom. 在教室的前部有一张大讲桌。
behind在……后面 behind是in front of的反义词
?There is a tree behind my house. 我家房子后面有一颗树。
?There is a tree at the back of my house.我家房子后面有一棵树。
opposite在……对面
?Our school is opposite a university,我们学校在一所大学的对面。
?He stood opposite me.他站在我对面。
⑥ in, into, out of, up
in在……之内，用于表示静止的位置
?The students are in the classroom.学生们在教室里。
into进入用于表有特定终点的运动的方向。通常用于表示动作的动词之后,如go, come, walk, run等。
?The students run into the classroom.学生们跑进教室。
?He jumped into the water.他跳入水中。
out of和into一样，也表示有一定的运动方向
?The students rushed out of the room.学生们冲出房间。
out of的基本含义：从……到外面，离开；在……范围之外；从(某个数)之中 up移动
?The children climbed up the tree.孩子们爬上了树。
⑦ along, across, past, through
along沿着
?I was walking along the river when it began to rain.我正沿着河边散步，突然下起雨来了。
across横过
?I often swim across the river.我常游泳横渡这条河。
past经过
?Every day he runs past the city hall.他每天跑步经过市政府。
through贯穿，通过
?The sun shone through the clouds.阳光穿过云层照射下来。
?The river was through the city.这条河穿过这个城市。
⑧ to, from, for
单词
含义
例句
to
到达……地点(目的地)或方向
He came to Japan in 1980.他1980年来到日本。
from
从……地点起
leaver for动身去…… start for出发去……
I will leave for America next week.下周我将动身去美国。
for
表示目的地，＂向……＂ for表目的时，一般都是和固定动词搭配。
It’ s about ten minutes’ walk from here to the cinema. 从这儿到电影院大约需步行十分钟。
考向三： 其他介词(介词除了可以表示＂时间＂、＂场所＂以外，有些也可以表示＂手段＂＂材料＂等。)
(1)表示手段和材料的介词with, in, by
①with和……在一起
?Will you please go with me?你和我一起去好吗？
with具有、带有
?He was a handsome boy with large bright eyes.他是有着一双明亮大眼睛的英俊男孩。
with用某种工具或办法
?Li Li cut her hand with a knife.莉莉用刀把手指弄破了。
?He wrote the letter with a new pen.他用一只新钢笔写这封信。
with one’ s help在某人的帮助下
?With the teacher’ s help I have made progress.在老师的帮助下，我取得了进步。
②in表示用什么材料(如用墨水，铅笔等)，或用什么语言，或者表示衣着、声调特点时，不用with，而用in。
?she wrote a letter in black ink. 她用黑色的墨水写信。
?Don’ t write it in pencil but in ink. 别用铅笔写，用钢笔(水)写。
?Can you speak in English? 你能用英语说吗？
③by通过……方法、手段
＂by+交通工具＂的词组：
by bicycle骑自行车 by train坐火车
by plane/by air坐飞机 by taxi坐出租车
by car坐小汽车 by ship坐船 by bus坐公共汽车
(2)of, from
①of(属于)……的；表示……的数量或种类
?This is a map of china.这是一幅中国地图。
?Will you please give me a cup of tea? 请您给我一杯茶好吗？
②from来自(某地、某人)；以……起始(时间或地点)
?I’ m from Nanjing.我是南京人。
?We work from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五上班。
(3)without, like, as
①without没有，是with的反义词。
?Man can’ t live without air and water.人类没有空气和水不能生存。
?Please give me a cup of coffee with(without)milk.请给我一杯(不)加牛奶的咖啡。
②like像……一样
?Nancy is just like her mother.南希和她的妈妈一样。
?Nancy looks like her mother.(南希和她妈妈长得一样。)用look时，强调外表。
③as作为
?He is famous as a scientist here. 他在此地作为一个科学家而闻名。
?The room is dirty as usual. 这房间像平时一样脏。
(4)against, about
①against反对；靠着
?He is against the plan(Li Ming).他反对这个计划。(他反对李明)
?The teacher is standing against the blackboard.老师正靠着黑板站着。
②about 关于；各处；身旁
?Tell me something about your life.告诉我你的生活情况。
?I have no money about/with me.我身上没带钱。
about 询问某人/某物的情况或提出建议
?What about your sister? 你姐姐情况如何？
?How about going to the park? 去公园怎么样？
考向四：介词短语
1 at once 立刻 2 at last 最后
3 at first 起先，首先 4 at the age of... 在……岁时
5 at the end of...在……之末 6 at the beginning of... 在……之初
7 at the foot of... 在……脚下 8 at the same time 同时
9 at night/noon 在夜里/中午
10 with one’ s help 在某人的帮助下，由于某人的帮助
11 with the help of ... 在……的帮助下 12 with a smile 面带笑容
13 with one’ s own eyes 亲眼看见 14 after a while 过了一会儿
15 from now on 从现在起 16 from then on 从那时起
17 for example 例如 18 far away from 远离
19 from morning till night 从早到晚 20 by and by 不久
21 by air mail 寄航空邮件 22 by bike/air/train/bus 骑自行车/乘飞机/火车/汽车
23 by ordinary mail 寄平信 24 by the way 顺便说
25 by the window 在窗边 26 by the end of... 到……底为止
27 little by little 逐渐地 28 in all 总共 29 in fact 事实上
30 in one’ s twenties 在某人二十几岁时 31 in a hurry 匆忙
32 in the middle of 在……中间 33 in no time (in a minute) 立刻，很快
34 in time (on time) 及时 35 in public 公众，公开地
36 in order to 为了…… 37 in front of 在……前面
38 in the sun 在阳光下 39 in the end 最后，终于
40 in surprise 惊奇地 41 in turn 依次
42 of course 当然 43 a bit (of) 有一点儿
44 a lot of 许多 45 a little 一点儿
46 on one’ s way to 某人在去……的路上 47 on foot 步行，走路
48 a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告 49 on the other hand 另一方面
50 at/on the weekend 在周末 51 on the left (right) 在左(右)边
52 on the other side of 在……另一边 53 on the radio 通过收音机(无线电广播)
54 to one’ s joy 使……高兴的是 55 to one’ s surprise 使……惊讶的是
1.(2019 ? 福建省)—Is that your headmaster?
—You mean the man ____________ blue?
A. on B. with C. in
2.(2019 ? 安徽省)On sunny days, my grandma often reads a novel ____________ the window.
A. by B. for C. with D. from
3.(2019 ? 山东省滨州市)—I want to watch TV the whole day after the long journey.
—You shouldn’t watch TV too much. It’s bad ____________ your eyes.
A. on B. in C. for D. with
4.(2019 ? 湖南省郴州市)We will attend the junior high graduation ceremony ____________ June 21st, 2019.
A. in B. at C. on
5.(2019 ? 甘肃省敦煌市)I’m going out. I’ll be back ____________ an hour.
A. at B. on C. in D. from
6.(2019 ? 江苏省淮安)____________ the help of modern technology, scientists got a photo of a black hole.
A. At B. In C. On D. With
7.(2019 ? 乐山市)—Do you have this T-shirt in a different color?
—I’m afraid not. It only comes ____________ red.
A. of B. in C. for
8.(2019 ? 临沂市)In the world, more than 30% of schools do not provide safe drinking water ____________ about 570 million children.
A. with B. for C. towards
9.(2019 ? 山东省青岛市)The high speed train ____________ Qingdao and Beijing travels faster now. The train ride takes only about three hours.
A. from B. among C. in D. between
10.(2019 ? 江苏泰州市)Ladies and Gentlemen, welcome to Beijing!! And if you need any help, please call me
_________010-5558 6390.
A. at B. on C. with D. by
11.(2019 ? 浙江省温州市)The instructions tell us everything ____________ about how to make the model ship.
A. by hand B. by chance C. in detail D. in person
12.(2019 ?湖北省武汉)He wrote his phone number ____________ a piece of paper.
A. on B. for C. in D. from
13.(2019 ?湖北省孝感市)To my great joy, my family is always ____________ me whatever I decide to do.
A. behind B. to C. from D. against
14.(2019 ? 江苏省宿迁市)Beijing Expo 2019 opened to the public ____________ 29th April. It will last over five months.
A. at B. in C. on D. of
15.(2019 ?重庆市B卷)I enjoy talking with my classmates ____________ our way to school.
A. on B. at C. in D. under
16.(2019 ?河北)This story is ____________ simple English. My little sister can read it.
A. for????????????????????? B. in?????????????????????????? C. with?????????????????????? D. by
17.(2019 ?北京)We planted some flowers ____________ the garden yesterday.
A. on B. to C. in D. of
18.(2019 ? 深圳市)—How was your skating lesson last week?
—Not bad. Although I fell over many times, I managed to skate at last.
A. in the end B. at present C. at times
19.(2019 ? 广东省)I think tea will taste better ____________ some milk in it.
A. for B. with C. from D. at
20.(2019 ? 山西省)Change the information you read into a mind map. ____________ you can remember it well and think of it later easily.
A. In this way B. At the same time C. On the other hand
21.(2019 ?河南省)—Shall I help you ____________ the street, Grandpa?
—No, thanks. I can manage it myself.
A. on B. with C. across D. along
22.(2019 ? 黑龙江省哈尔滨市)—When will the movie The King Lion《狮子王》 return to movie theatres in America?
—____________ July.
A. On B. At C. In
1. (河南省郑州地区2019年中招第二次模拟考试)Diao Yu Island is _______ Japan. It belongs to our China forever. Anyone can’t part with China.
A. in B. to C. on D. at
2. (新乡市2019届九年级第一次模拟考试)—Mom, my knees have gone _______ my jeans.
—No kidding! I just bought it for you last week.
A. off B. on C. through D. out
3. (2019辽宁中考模拟)Kelly is thinking about how these old books can be put _______ good use.
A. to B. in C. on D. at
4. (湖北省武汉市华师一附中光谷分校2018-2019学年度下学期5月考)He wrote his phone number _______ a piece of paper.
A. from B. for C. in D. on
5. (天津市南开区2018-2019学年度九年级第二学期三模)Darning can’t see the blackboard clearly because two tall boys sit him.
A. next to B. behind C. in front of D. on
6. (四川省成都市成华区2019届初三第二次诊断性检测)Betty kept silent at first, soon she joined the other girls, chatting and laughing.
A. but B. so C. or
7. (河北省新乐市2019届九年级第二学期期中质量检测)You look quite beautiful ______ this pink dress.
A. in B. on C. with D. for
8. (江苏省苏州市园区2019年中考一模)We are all encouraged to work hard and succeed life.
A. on B. in C. out D. up
1. C【解析】考查介词 in 的用法，表示＂穿着＂，故选 C。
2. A【解析】句意：在晴朗的日子里，我的奶奶经常在窗户旁边读小说。by在……旁边；通过……方式；for为了，因为；with和……一起；用；from来自……，从……。根据句意可知，这里考查短语by the window在窗户旁边，故应选A。
3. C【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：——长途旅行后我想看一整天的电视。——你不应该看电视太多。它对你的眼睛有害。be bad for有害于，固定短语；根据You shouldn’t watch TV too much.可知看电视太多对眼睛有害，故选C。
4. C【解析】句意：我们将参加2019年6月21日举行的初中毕业典礼。A. in在，后加年，月，季节，一天中的上午，下午或晚上；B. at在……，加具体时间点；C. on在……，后加节日，星期几，具体的日期。June 21st, 2019是具体的日期用介词on。根据题意，故选C。
【点睛】at表示时间的一点；in表示一个时期；on表示特殊日子。例句：
Can you finish the work in two days？你能在两天内完成这个工作吗？
1. at后常接几点几分，天明，中午，日出，日落，开始等。如：
at five o’clock (五点)，at down (黎明)，at daybreak (天亮)，at sunrise (日出)，at noon (中午)，at sunset (日落)，at midnight (半夜)，at the beginning of the month (月初)， at that time (那时)，at that moment (那会儿)，at this time of day(在一天的这个时候)。
2. in后常接年，月，日期，上午，下午，晚上，白天，季节，世纪等。如：
in 2006(2006年)，in May，2004 (2004年五月)，in the morning (早晨/上午)，in the afternoon (下午)，in the evening (晚上)，in the night (夜晚)，in the daytime (白天)，in the 21stcentury(21世纪)，in three days (weeks/month)三天(周/个月)，in a week (一周)，in spring (春季)。
3. on后常接某日，星期几，某日或某周日的朝夕，节日等。如：
on Sunday (星期日)，on a warm morning in April (四月的一个温暖的上午)，on a December night (12月的一个夜晚)，on that afternoon (那天下午)，on the following night (下一个晚上)，on Christmas afternoon (圣诞节下午)，on October 1，1949 (1949年10月1日)，on New Year’s Day (新年)，on New Year’s Eve (除夕)，on the morning of the 15th (15日的早上)等
5. C【解析】句意：我打算出去，我将在一个小时后回来。A. 以……；B. 在……上；C. 在……里，＂in+一段时间＂表示将来；D.来自。根据I’ll be back可知，表示将来，用in，故选C。
6. D【解析】句意：随着当代科技的发展，科学家们拍到了一张黑洞的照片。A. At在……；B. In在……里面；C. On在……上；D. With随着，带有。With the help of modern technology表示随着科技的发展。根据题意，故选D。
7. B【解析】句意：——你有其他颜色的T恤衫吗？——恐怕没有，只有红色。A……的，表示所属；B.在……里，用，穿着、带着(后接颜色)；C.为了。根据空后red可知，且译为＂红色的T恤衫＂，故选B。
8. B【解析】句意：在世界上，超过30%的学校没有为大约5.7亿儿童提供安全的饮用水。provide sth for sb/ provide sb with sth,为某人提供某物，这是固定搭配。根据句子结构，这里用到短语provide sth for sb ,故选B。
【点睛】offer 和provide的用法区别：
这两个单词都表示提供，但是他们的搭配不同，offer的短语是offer sb sth或者offer sth to sb；而provide的短语是provide sb with sth或者prvide sth for sb。
9. D【解析】句意：青岛到北京的高速列车现在开得更快了。乘坐火车只需要三个小时。A. from从……起，来自；B. among在(其)中，……之一；C. in在……里；D. between在两者之间。between…and…，在两者之间，可以连接两个并列的成分，故答案为D。
10. A【解析】句意：女士们先生们，欢迎来到北京！！如果您需要帮助，请拨打010-5558 6390联系我。A. at 在(某处)；B. on在……上；C. with具有；D. by在…旁边。call sb. at +电话号码：拨打电话号码找某人；故选A。
11. C【解析】句意：说明书详细地告诉我们如何制作模型船。考查介词短语。A. by hand用手；B. by chance偶然；C. in detail详细地；D. in person亲自。根据语境关于如何制作模型船，可知说明书会＂详细地＂告诉我们；结合选项可知C选项符合题意，故答案选C。
12. A【解析】句意：他把电话号码写在一张纸上。考查介词辨析。A. on在……上；B. for为了，给；C. in在……里；D. from从，来自。 ＂在一张纸上＂使用介词on，on a piece of paper；结合句意可知填on；选A。
13. A【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：令我高兴的是，无论我决定做什么，我的家人总是支持我。behind在……的后面；to到……；from从……；against反对。behind sb. 在某人后面，引申义表示＂支持某人＂；根据To my great joy,可知＂家人总是支持我的决定＂符合句意，故选A。
14. C【解析】句意：2019年北京园博会于4月29日开幕。它将持续五个多月。考查介词辨析。表示时间的某一点、某一时刻或年龄等用 at；泛指一般意义的上午、下午或晚上以及月或年等较长的时间，一般用 in；若表示星期几或某一特定的日期，则用 on；of表所属，不表时间。29th April 4月29日，是一个具体的日期，需用介词on；根据句意语法，可知选C。
15. A【解析】句意：我喜欢在上学的路上和同学们聊天。A. on在……上；B. at在(某处)；C. in在……里；D. under在……下面。on one’s way to... 意为＂在去……的路上＂。故答案为A。
16. B【解析】考查介词的用法。in+语言，故选B。
17. C【解析】指在花园里，介词用in。
18. A【解析】句意：——你上周的滑冰课怎么样？——还好。虽然我摔倒了很多次，但最后还是会滑了。at last，意为＂在最后，最终＂；A 选项 in the end，意为＂最后，最终＂；B 选项 at present， 意为＂现在＂；C 选项 at times，意为＂有时，偶尔＂。故答案选 A。
19. B【解析】此处指茶里面加些牛奶会尝起来更好。介词with在此意为＂有，带有＂。
20. A【解析】句意：把你读到的信息转换成思维导图，用这种方式，你可以更好得记住它之后也可以很简单得想起。
21. C【解析】考查介词。句意：——奶奶，我可以帮助你过马路吗？ ——不，谢谢。我自己可以。across the street＂过马路＂，故选C。
22. C【解析】介词in用在时间段前，如年、季节和月份等。in July意为＂在七月＂。
1. B【解析】句意：钓鱼岛对面是日本。它永远属于我们中国。任何人都不能分离中国。考查介词辨析。in在里面，表示在某个范围内；to对着(某方向或某处)，表示在某个范围外；on在上面；at表示小的地点。根据It belongs to our China forever.，结合二者的位置关系，可知to符合句意，故选B。
2. C【解析】考查副词。句意：妈，我的膝盖穿过牛仔裤了。别开玩笑！我上星期才刚给你买的。off 与go 构不成短语，排除A；go on＂继续＂，go out＂出去＂，不符合句意，排除；go through＂穿过＂，根据句意膝盖穿过牛仔裤是指牛仔裤破了，妈妈不可相信的回答，故选C。
3. A【解析】句意：Kelly正在考虑这些旧书怎样被好好利用起来。to到……；in在……里面；on在……上面；at在具体地点或时间。put…to good use好好利用……。故选A。
4. D【解析】句意：他把电话号码写在一张纸上。考查介词辨析。A. from从，来自；B. for为了，给；C. in在……里；D. on在……上。 ＂在一张纸上＂使用介词on，on a piece of paper；结合句意可知填on；选D。
5. C【解析】句意：达宁看不清楚黑板，因为两个高个子男孩坐在他前面。A. next to紧挨着；B. behind在……后面；C. in front of在……的前面；D. on在……上面。看不清楚黑板的原因是在前面坐着两个男孩，故答案为C。
6. A【解析】句意：贝蒂起初保持沉默，但不久她就加入了其他女孩的行列，有说有笑。考查连词辨析。but表转折；so表结果；or表选择。本句前后是转折关系，根据句意结构，可知选A。
7. A【解析】句意：你穿上这件粉色的裙子，看起来相当漂亮。in在……里；on在……上面，with和……一起，for为了。in+颜色+衣服，表示穿着某种颜色的衣服，故选A。
8. B【解析】句意：我们都被鼓励在生活中努力工作和取得成功。考查介词。A. on在……上；B. in在……里；C. out外面的，在外；D. up向上，向上的。短语in life：在生活中；结合句意可知填in；选B。
