【专题讲义】2020年中考英语一轮复习
专题38 完形填空之说明文知识点、考点及考题专题精讲（学生版）
一、命题特点分析：
1. 开头点题。说明文类完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节的前提。
2. 结构清晰。说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义。
3. 难度较大。说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂。
4. 说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。
5. 说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理。
二、解题方法：
1. 快速弄清文章大意。
对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。
2. 弄清楚说明的顺序。
把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。
3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节。
把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。
4. 注重上下文语境
应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。
5. 熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则：
(1)上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。
(2)语法正确。从语法的角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。
(3)逻辑合理。在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。
(4)符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。
(一)
Have you learned about table manners in China? Here I will introduce some.
It is a traditional 1 for Chinese people to eat with chopsticks. Each person at table will have a pair of chopsticks, and there is also an extra pair 2 is for public use.
You should remember that you’re 3 to let the elders in the family sit and eat first. If they don’t start，everyone else shouldn’t start, either. And then you should make a 4 to them.
While eating, it is very rude to eat with a loud 5 . And you’d better not speak while food is still in your 6 . Do not only eat one dish even if that is your favorite.
People usually go out of their way to cook delicious food to make you 7 at home, but when they say, ＂The dishes aren’t delicious. I 8 you don’t mind, ＂you must not say, ＂Yeah, that’s true, but I don’t mind.＂ 9 , it is a typical(典型的) word which can show one of the Chinese qualities — 10 . You should answer, ＂Really? I don’t think so. It is the best taste of any dish that is new to me.＂
1. A. point B. order C. method D. custom
2. A. which B. who C. where D. when
3. A. allowed B. considered C. supposed D. invited
4. A. report B. research C. bow D. toast
5. A. voice B. smile C. noise D. cry
6. A. plate B. mouth C. hand D. bowl
7. A. feel B. arrive C. eat D. aim
8. A. realize B. suggest C. expect D. believe
9. A. However B. Actually C. Instead D. Finally
10. A. honest B. proud C. modest D. serious
(二)
Around the world, people have different ideas about what good manners are. When you go to restaurants in different parts of the world, it’s 1 to know the right and wrong things to do. For example, in China it’s OK to 2 a lot of noise in a restaurant. In fact, if a restaurant isn’t noisy and 3 , you may think there’s something wrong with it. However, in many western countries, restaurants are 4 places. If people at a table talk too loud, other people who are eating there might even 5 to the owner of the restaurant.
Paying the bill is also different from country to country. In China, one person usually pays for 6 . In western countries, one person pays if he or she is entertaining clients (宴请宾客), but 7 friends eat together, they usually share the cost. This is called ＂going Dutch (均摊费用)＂. Also, when westerners pay the bill, they usually leave some money for the 8 . This is called ＂leaving a tip＂. Leaving a tip is thought to be polite. In the U.S., it’s 9 to leave tips of 10%, 15%, or 20% of the bill, which is decided by how good the service(服务) is. Good waiters can make a lot of money!
The way people eat food is not the same in different parts of the world, but you can 10 the same kinds of food in many countries. Chinese and Indian foods, for example, are popular all over the world.
1. A. popular B. difficult C. important D. enjoyable
2. A. cause B. keep C. hear D. make
3. A. lively B. friendly C. lucky D. polite
4. A. noisy B. quiet C. busy D. clean
5. A. shout B. explain C. complain D. speak
6. A. everybody B. nobody C. somebody D. none
7. A. until B. when C. unless D. since
8. A. gatekeeper B. seller C. waiter D. visitor
9. A. terrible B. common C. serious D. unusual
10. A. invent B. discover C. prefer D. find
(一)【2019 ? 广东省深圳市】
Nowadays, lots of foreigners are learning Chinese. Like many of them, I 16 knew two words of Chinese (＂Ni Hao＂ and ＂Xie Xie＂) when I first came to Beijing, China in 2009. As you can guess, my life was 17 for a while after I arrived. Simple tasks like ordering food or taking a taxi were quite stressful.
I knew I had to learn more Chinese, so I 18 a Chinese class. My teacher was 19 , although I didn’t learn enough to have a real conversation. Later I studied on my own as well, but my progress was still slow. And I decided to 20 .
Around this time, I started playing in a band with a Chinese man who became one of my best friends in Beijing. He taught me a lot of 21 about music, such as ＂melody＂. He learned a lot of English from me in return, so it was a good way to 22 language and culture.
I have learned enough Chinese to 23 many problems like booking train tickets. These days, there are more foreigners who are studying Chinese. I can 24 why it’s an amazing language. Finally, I found that the best way to learn a 25 is to make friends with native speakers and spend time with them.
16. A. usually B. only C. hardly
17. A. easy B. interesting C. difficult
18. A. missed B. attended C. taught
19. A. helpful B. cheerful C. thankful
20. A. make up B. put up C. give up
21. A. words B. names C. jokes
22. A. change B. imagine C. exchange
23. A. deal with B. look for C. think of
24. A. hope B. realize C. doubt
25. A. language B. subject C. task
(二)【2019 ? 黑龙江省哈尔滨市】
The summer vacation is coming. During the vacation, you can do what you like and prepare yourself for the future. You’ll enjoy this period of time to the fullest with the help of the following __21__.
Take exercise. After working hard for months, you must be bored. Taking exercise is the best way to get __22__ again. Swimming and walking are perfect choices for you. All kinds of exercise __23__ your health.
Master some basic life skills. You will live an __24__ life one day. Therefore, you should learn some necessary and useful skills such as washing clothes and cooking. At the same time, you can help your parents __25__ housework to express your thanks to them.
Go?travelling.?The?world?is?a?book.?Those?who?don’t?travel?only?read?one?page.?Travelling?is?so __26__.?Have?you?made?your own?travel?plan??If?not,?do?it?__27__! During?the?trip,?you?will have?a?chance to?learn?more?knowledge. While learning about different cultures?and customs. You?will?also?make?a?lot of?friend.
Enjoy?time?with?family?members.?Family?members?play?an?important?role?in?your?life.?They?give you?love, care?and?support?all?the?time.?Don’t?__28__?to?spare some?time?to?get?together?with?them.?You?will find __29__?great?to?stay?with?them, talking?about dreams,?hobbies?or?anything?you?like.
__30__?you?follow?what?is?mentioned?above,?you?will?have?a?wonderful vacation.
21.?A. suggestions B.?classes C. teams
22.?A. danger B. money C.?energy
23. A.?are?good?at B.?are?good?for C.?are?good?with
24. A.?asleep B.?impolite C.?independent
25.?A.?for B.?with C.?to
26.?A. terrible B.?useless C.?interesting
27.?A.?so?far B.?at?once C.?no?longer
28.?A.?forget B.?to?forget C?forgetting
29.?A.?it B. one C.?that
30.?A.?Though B.?Even?if C.?As?long?as
(三)【2019 ? 湖南省岳阳市】
Have you ever been to Thailand? For thousands of tourists from China, this small country in Southeast Asia is an excellent place to 1 . Bangkok(曼谷)is the 2 of Thailand. There are many temples(寺庙) in Bangkok. You can 3 some monks(僧侣) walking along the streets.
The 4 time to visit Thailand is from April 13th to 15th，because it is the time of 5 . People sing, dance and go on the streets to 6 water at each other. The local people think that water can wash away bad things and bring good luck.
On the one hand, beaches and sunshine are a lot of travelers’ choices. In this country, there are many hotels facing the sea, so you can have fun on the beach or 7 in the sea. On the other hand, Thailand is a good place to try 8 food. You can eat seafood at any restaurant or buy some tropical(热带的) fruit such as mangoes and durians(榴莲)at 9 prices.
If you go to Thailand, you won’t forget to 10 an elephant. The elephant is a symbol of Thailand. It’s believed that Thailand is one of the most fascinating travel places.
1. A. take a holiday B. take the bus C. take risks
2. A. world B. countryside C. capital
3. A. hear B. see C. listen
4. A. most B. worst C. best
5. A. the Water Festival B. Christmas C. Thanksgiving
6. A. look B. throw C. arrive
7. A. swim B. walk C. lose
8. A. terrible B. sour C. delicious
9. A. cheap B. expensive C. low
10. A. hit B. ride C. drive
(四)(2018年江苏省徐州市)
What will the future world be like? Many people are glad to give their 1 . Here are two imaginations about the world of 2 . When people talk about the future, we like to think that we'll have our own personal flying car. We would fly at 480 kilometres per hour, avoiding traffic lights, 3 roads and speeding tickets. 4 ，some people point to the disadvantages of flying cars. One big problem is: what will happen if the flying cars 5 ? Then there will be problems with traffic control. Also, if 6 become popular, there will surely be too much air traffic. 7 it seems that flying cars will face more than a few problems if they are to get off the ground! Imagine you have your own Ironman 8 . Several companies are trying to build a practical robot "exoskeleton". This is a suit of robot arms and legs which follows your movement. It will 9 the wearer to lift heavy objects, walk a long way and even punch through walls! It is 10 in many ways, especially for people with disabilities. This suit might help people to walk again after 11 or injury(受伤). But the disadvantage at the moment is the 12 . Even a simple suit can cost hundreds of thousands of pounds. Another problem is battery life. A suit like this needs a lot of 13 and batteries only last about 15 minutes at the moment. One other problem is that a badly programmed robot wearer. You wouldn't want your robot leg or arm bending(弯曲) suit could 14 the wrong way car above our heads.
So in the future, 15 we might be able to fly to work and lift a there are plenty of problems to solve before this will be possible.
1. A. suggestions B. instructions C. opinions D. reasons
2. A. past B. yesterday C. present D. tomorrow
3. A. empty B. wide C. busy D. dirty
4. A. Moreover B. Instead C. In fact D. However
5. A. put down B. break down C. write down D. calm down
6. A. they B. you C. we D. I
7. A. And B. But C. So D. or
8. A. gloves B. suit C. helmet D. shoes
9. A. ask B. wish C. invite D. allow
10. A. beautiful B. peaceful C. colorful D. useful
11. A. disease B. holiday C. work D. party
12. A. quality B. price C. need D. number
13. A. chances B. power C. rest D. experience
14. A. hurt B. attract C. protect D. attack
15. A. whether B. unless C. although D. until
(一)(2018-2019学年芜湖市九年级第一学期英语期末试卷)
Colour is a part of life. The whole world is full of colours. Almost 1 has a colour. Some things are yellow like cheese, lemons and bananas. 2 things are red. For example, warning signs are usually red. 3 is the colour of most spring leaves and grass.
4 is blue? Blue is the colour of 5 .We can also see the blue sky, blue eyes, blue birds and blue jeans. There are many 6 colours too, such as orange, brown, purple, white and black.
The world changes its colours with the 7 of the year. Spring is green. Summer is red. It turns gold in autumn and then 8 in winter. When winter is gone and spring is back, the world turns green again. When winter is gone and spring comes back, the world turns green again.
9 a rainstorm you may see something that has many different colours in the sky. It is a rainbow. But 10 different colours, can you imagine what the world looks like?
1. A. none B. nothing C. something D. everything
2. A. Few B. A little C. Lots of D. Little
3. A. Green B. Red C. Yellow D. Blue
4. A. When B. What C. Who D. Why
5. A. the sun B. grass C. sea D. ground
6. A. other B. another C. extra D. else
7. A. months B. seasons C. days D. weeks
8. A. red B. green C. yellow D. white
9. A. Until B. After C. Before D. But
10. A. with B. without C. for D. within
(二)(吉林省长春市朝阳区2018—2019学年度上学期9年级期末考试)
My parents usually celebrate a special day by enjoying a special kind of ice wine called Canadian ice wine.
My mother 1 told me the story of ice wine. To make it, people must freeze grapes on the vine(葡萄树). You might think this is strange, 2 it is true. Sometimes, a great new product is invented by accident. And that’s exactly 3 we got ice wine.
In the 1700s in Germany, a man was away from 4 farm in the autumn. The weather suddenly turned 5 and his grapes froze. When he tasted the grapes, to his 6 , the grapes tasted so sweet. Then, he 7 to use these grapes to make some wine. Guess what? People really liked his wine. For two centuries, 8 was the only place making ice wine. Then a Canadian got the idea that this kind of wine could be 9 in Canada. After all, the winters are cold in Canada and that’s the main 10 for making ice wine. After hard work, some grape farmers 11 the best process, and soon Canadian ice wine began to be sold all over the world.
The story of ice wine got me thinking. What other inventions came about 12 ? It’s really hard to imagine the world 13 penicillin(青霉素) that has saved millions of lives. And the microwave has certainly changed the way we 14 .
Life is sometimes like that. Something even better comes along 15 we keep our eyes and mind open.
1. A. once B. also C. only D. never
2. A. and B. but C. if D. so
3. A. why B. when C. how D. where
4. A. his B. our C. your D. her
5. A. hot B. wet C. dry D. cold
6. A. sadness B. surprise C. worry D. shyness
7. A. refused B. forgot C. decided D. failed
8. A. Canada B. England C. France D. Germany
9. A. found B. produced C. sold D. ordered
10. A. requirement B. achievement C. instrument D. development
11. A. gave up B. made up C. cared about D. found out
12. A. by heart B. in half C. by accident D. in secret
13. A. among B. through C. except D. without
14. A. cook B. sleep C. rest D. exercise
15. A. because B. if C. unless D. though
【专题讲义】2020年中考英语一轮复习
专题38 完形填空之说明文知识点、考点及考题专题精讲（解析版）
一、命题特点分析：
1. 开头点题。说明文类完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节的前提。
2. 结构清晰。说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义。
3. 难度较大。说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂。
4. 说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。
5. 说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理。
二、解题方法：
1. 快速弄清文章大意。
对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。
2. 弄清楚说明的顺序。
把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。
3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节。
把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。
4. 注重上下文语境
应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。
5. 熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则：
(1)上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。
(2)语法正确。从语法的角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。
(3)逻辑合理。在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。
(4)符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。
(一)
Have you learned about table manners in China? Here I will introduce some.
It is a traditional 1 for Chinese people to eat with chopsticks. Each person at table will have a pair of chopsticks, and there is also an extra pair 2 is for public use.
You should remember that you’re 3 to let the elders in the family sit and eat first. If they don’t start，everyone else shouldn’t start, either. And then you should make a 4 to them.
While eating, it is very rude to eat with a loud 5 . And you’d better not speak while food is still in your 6 . Do not only eat one dish even if that is your favorite.
People usually go out of their way to cook delicious food to make you 7 at home, but when they say, ＂The dishes aren’t delicious. I 8 you don’t mind, ＂you must not say, ＂Yeah, that’s true, but I don’t mind.＂ 9 , it is a typical(典型的) word which can show one of the Chinese qualities — 10 . You should answer, ＂Really? I don’t think so. It is the best taste of any dish that is new to me.＂
1. A. point B. order C. method D. custom
2. A. which B. who C. where D. when
3. A. allowed B. considered C. supposed D. invited
4. A. report B. research C. bow D. toast
5. A. voice B. smile C. noise D. cry
6. A. plate B. mouth C. hand D. bowl
7. A. feel B. arrive C. eat D. aim
8. A. realize B. suggest C. expect D. believe
9. A. However B. Actually C. Instead D. Finally
10. A. honest B. proud C. modest D. serious
(二)
Around the world, people have different ideas about what good manners are. When you go to restaurants in different parts of the world, it’s 1 to know the right and wrong things to do. For example, in China it’s OK to 2 a lot of noise in a restaurant. In fact, if a restaurant isn’t noisy and 3 , you may think there’s something wrong with it. However, in many western countries, restaurants are 4 places. If people at a table talk too loud, other people who are eating there might even 5 to the owner of the restaurant.
Paying the bill is also different from country to country. In China, one person usually pays for 6 . In western countries, one person pays if he or she is entertaining clients (宴请宾客), but 7 friends eat together, they usually share the cost. This is called ＂going Dutch (均摊费用)＂. Also, when westerners pay the bill, they usually leave some money for the 8 . This is called ＂leaving a tip＂. Leaving a tip is thought to be polite. In the U.S., it’s 9 to leave tips of 10%, 15%, or 20% of the bill, which is decided by how good the service(服务) is. Good waiters can make a lot of money!
The way people eat food is not the same in different parts of the world, but you can 10 the same kinds of food in many countries. Chinese and Indian foods, for example, are popular all over the world.
1. A. popular B. difficult C. important D. enjoyable
2. A. cause B. keep C. hear D. make
3. A. lively B. friendly C. lucky D. polite
4. A. noisy B. quiet C. busy D. clean
5. A. shout B. explain C. complain D. speak
6. A. everybody B. nobody C. somebody D. none
7. A. until B. when C. unless D. since
8. A. gatekeeper B. seller C. waiter D. visitor
9. A. terrible B. common C. serious D. unusual
10. A. invent B. discover C. prefer D. find
(一)【2019 ? 广东省深圳市】
Nowadays, lots of foreigners are learning Chinese. Like many of them, I 16 knew two words of Chinese (＂Ni Hao＂ and ＂Xie Xie＂) when I first came to Beijing, China in 2009. As you can guess, my life was 17 for a while after I arrived. Simple tasks like ordering food or taking a taxi were quite stressful.
I knew I had to learn more Chinese, so I 18 a Chinese class. My teacher was 19 , although I didn’t learn enough to have a real conversation. Later I studied on my own as well, but my progress was still slow. And I decided to 20 .
Around this time, I started playing in a band with a Chinese man who became one of my best friends in Beijing. He taught me a lot of 21 about music, such as ＂melody＂. He learned a lot of English from me in return, so it was a good way to 22 language and culture.
I have learned enough Chinese to 23 many problems like booking train tickets. These days, there are more foreigners who are studying Chinese. I can 24 why it’s an amazing language. Finally, I found that the best way to learn a 25 is to make friends with native speakers and spend time with them.
16. A. usually B. only C. hardly
17. A. easy B. interesting C. difficult
18. A. missed B. attended C. taught
19. A. helpful B. cheerful C. thankful
20. A. make up B. put up C. give up
21. A. words B. names C. jokes
22. A. change B. imagine C. exchange
23. A. deal with B. look for C. think of
24. A. hope B. realize C. doubt
25. A. language B. subject C. task
(二)【2019 ? 黑龙江省哈尔滨市】
The summer vacation is coming. During the vacation, you can do what you like and prepare yourself for the future. You’ll enjoy this period of time to the fullest with the help of the following __21__.
Take exercise. After working hard for months, you must be bored. Taking exercise is the best way to get __22__ again. Swimming and walking are perfect choices for you. All kinds of exercise __23__ your health.
Master some basic life skills. You will live an __24__ life one day. Therefore, you should learn some necessary and useful skills such as washing clothes and cooking. At the same time, you can help your parents __25__ housework to express your thanks to them.
Go?travelling.?The?world?is?a?book.?Those?who?don’t?travel?only?read?one?page.?Travelling?is?so __26__.?Have?you?made?your own?travel?plan??If?not,?do?it?__27__! During?the?trip,?you?will have?a?chance to?learn?more?knowledge. While learning about different cultures?and customs. You?will?also?make?a?lot of?friend.
Enjoy?time?with?family?members.?Family?members?play?an?important?role?in?your?life.?They?give you?love, care?and?support?all?the?time.?Don’t?__28__?to?spare some?time?to?get?together?with?them.?You?will find __29__?great?to?stay?with?them, talking?about dreams,?hobbies?or?anything?you?like.
__30__?you?follow?what?is?mentioned?above,?you?will?have?a?wonderful vacation.
21.?A. suggestions B.?classes C. teams
22.?A. danger B. money C.?energy
23. A.?are?good?at B.?are?good?for C.?are?good?with
24. A.?asleep B.?impolite C.?independent
25.?A.?for B.?with C.?to
26.?A. terrible B.?useless C.?interesting
27.?A.?so?far B.?at?once C.?no?longer
28.?A.?forget B.?to?forget C?forgetting
29.?A.?it B. one C.?that
30.?A.?Though B.?Even?if C.?As?long?as
(三)【2019 ? 湖南省岳阳市】
Have you ever been to Thailand? For thousands of tourists from China, this small country in Southeast Asia is an excellent place to 1 . Bangkok(曼谷)is the 2 of Thailand. There are many temples(寺庙) in Bangkok. You can 3 some monks(僧侣) walking along the streets.
The 4 time to visit Thailand is from April 13th to 15th，because it is the time of 5 . People sing, dance and go on the streets to 6 water at each other. The local people think that water can wash away bad things and bring good luck.
On the one hand, beaches and sunshine are a lot of travelers’ choices. In this country, there are many hotels facing the sea, so you can have fun on the beach or 7 in the sea. On the other hand, Thailand is a good place to try 8 food. You can eat seafood at any restaurant or buy some tropical(热带的) fruit such as mangoes and durians(榴莲)at 9 prices.
If you go to Thailand, you won’t forget to 10 an elephant. The elephant is a symbol of Thailand. It’s believed that Thailand is one of the most fascinating travel places.
1. A. take a holiday B. take the bus C. take risks
2. A. world B. countryside C. capital
3. A. hear B. see C. listen
4. A. most B. worst C. best
5. A. the Water Festival B. Christmas C. Thanksgiving
6. A. look B. throw C. arrive
7. A. swim B. walk C. lose
8. A. terrible B. sour C. delicious
9. A. cheap B. expensive C. low
10. A. hit B. ride C. drive
(四)(2018年江苏省徐州市)
What will the future world be like? Many people are glad to give their 1 . Here are two imaginations about the world of 2 . When people talk about the future, we like to think that we'll have our own personal flying car. We would fly at 480 kilometres per hour, avoiding traffic lights, 3 roads and speeding tickets. 4 ，some people point to the disadvantages of flying cars. One big problem is: what will happen if the flying cars 5 ? Then there will be problems with traffic control. Also, if 6 become popular, there will surely be too much air traffic. 7 it seems that flying cars will face more than a few problems if they are to get off the ground! Imagine you have your own Ironman 8 . Several companies are trying to build a practical robot "exoskeleton". This is a suit of robot arms and legs which follows your movement. It will 9 the wearer to lift heavy objects, walk a long way and even punch through walls! It is 10 in many ways, especially for people with disabilities. This suit might help people to walk again after 11 or injury(受伤). But the disadvantage at the moment is the 12 . Even a simple suit can cost hundreds of thousands of pounds. Another problem is battery life. A suit like this needs a lot of 13 and batteries only last about 15 minutes at the moment. One other problem is that a badly programmed robot wearer. You wouldn't want your robot leg or arm bending(弯曲) suit could 14 the wrong way car above our heads.
So in the future, 15 we might be able to fly to work and lift a there are plenty of problems to solve before this will be possible.
1. A. suggestions B. instructions C. opinions D. reasons
2. A. past B. yesterday C. present D. tomorrow
3. A. empty B. wide C. busy D. dirty
4. A. Moreover B. Instead C. In fact D. However
5. A. put down B. break down C. write down D. calm down
6. A. they B. you C. we D. I
7. A. And B. But C. So D. or
8. A. gloves B. suit C. helmet D. shoes
9. A. ask B. wish C. invite D. allow
10. A. beautiful B. peaceful C. colorful D. useful
11. A. disease B. holiday C. work D. party
12. A. quality B. price C. need D. number
13. A. chances B. power C. rest D. experience
14. A. hurt B. attract C. protect D. attack
15. A. whether B. unless C. although D. until
(一)(2018-2019学年芜湖市九年级第一学期英语期末试卷)
Colour is a part of life. The whole world is full of colours. Almost 1 has a colour. Some things are yellow like cheese, lemons and bananas. 2 things are red. For example, warning signs are usually red. 3 is the colour of most spring leaves and grass.
4 is blue? Blue is the colour of 5 .We can also see the blue sky, blue eyes, blue birds and blue jeans. There are many 6 colours too, such as orange, brown, purple, white and black.
The world changes its colours with the 7 of the year. Spring is green. Summer is red. It turns gold in autumn and then 8 in winter. When winter is gone and spring is back, the world turns green again. When winter is gone and spring comes back, the world turns green again.
9 a rainstorm you may see something that has many different colours in the sky. It is a rainbow. But 10 different colours, can you imagine what the world looks like?
1. A. none B. nothing C. something D. everything
2. A. Few B. A little C. Lots of D. Little
3. A. Green B. Red C. Yellow D. Blue
4. A. When B. What C. Who D. Why
5. A. the sun B. grass C. sea D. ground
6. A. other B. another C. extra D. else
7. A. months B. seasons C. days D. weeks
8. A. red B. green C. yellow D. white
9. A. Until B. After C. Before D. But
10. A. with B. without C. for D. within
(二)(吉林省长春市朝阳区2018—2019学年度上学期9年级期末考试)
My parents usually celebrate a special day by enjoying a special kind of ice wine called Canadian ice wine.
My mother 1 told me the story of ice wine. To make it, people must freeze grapes on the vine(葡萄树). You might think this is strange, 2 it is true. Sometimes, a great new product is invented by accident. And that’s exactly 3 we got ice wine.
In the 1700s in Germany, a man was away from 4 farm in the autumn. The weather suddenly turned 5 and his grapes froze. When he tasted the grapes, to his 6 , the grapes tasted so sweet. Then, he 7 to use these grapes to make some wine. Guess what? People really liked his wine. For two centuries, 8 was the only place making ice wine. Then a Canadian got the idea that this kind of wine could be 9 in Canada. After all, the winters are cold in Canada and that’s the main 10 for making ice wine. After hard work, some grape farmers 11 the best process, and soon Canadian ice wine began to be sold all over the world.
The story of ice wine got me thinking. What other inventions came about 12 ? It’s really hard to imagine the world 13 penicillin(青霉素) that has saved millions of lives. And the microwave has certainly changed the way we 14 .
Life is sometimes like that. Something even better comes along 15 we keep our eyes and mind open.
1. A. once B. also C. only D. never
2. A. and B. but C. if D. so
3. A. why B. when C. how D. where
4. A. his B. our C. your D. her
5. A. hot B. wet C. dry D. cold
6. A. sadness B. surprise C. worry D. shyness
7. A. refused B. forgot C. decided D. failed
8. A. Canada B. England C. France D. Germany
9. A. found B. produced C. sold D. ordered
10. A. requirement B. achievement C. instrument D. development
11. A. gave up B. made up C. cared about D. found out
12. A. by heart B. in half C. by accident D. in secret
13. A. among B. through C. except D. without
14. A. cook B. sleep C. rest D. exercise
15. A. because B. if C. unless D. though
(一)
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了中国传统的餐桌文化，包括：吃饭用筷子，先让老人开始并向老人祝酒；吃饭时不可大声地吃，嘴里有饭时不可说话；主人谦虚说饭菜不好时，要夸赞他。
1. D 【解析】句意：用筷子吃饭是中国人的传统习俗。A. point要点；B. order秩序；C. method方法；D. custom习俗。根据句意和上下文提示，可知选D。
2. A 【解析】句意：餐桌上的每个人都有一双筷子，另外还有一双供公共使用。A. which那，指前面提到的事物；B. who谁，指人；C. where在哪儿，指地点；D. when在什么时候，表时间。an extra pair是表物的名词，需用which做引导词。根据句意和上下文提示，可知选A。
3. C 【解析】句意：你要记住，你应该让家里的老人先坐下来吃饭。A. allowed允许；B. considered经过仔细考虑的；C. supposed建议；D. invited邀请。be supposed应该。根据句意和上下文提示，可知ABD三项意思都与句意不符，故选C。
4. D 【解析】句意：然后你应该向他们祝酒。A. report报告；B. research研究；C. bow鞠躬；D. toast干杯。make a toast祝酒，敬酒。根据句意和上下文提示，可知选D。
5. C 【解析】句意：吃东西时，发出很大的声音是很不礼貌的。A. voice嗓音；B. smile微笑；C. noise喧闹；D. cry哭喊。be rude to do sth. 粗鲁地做某事。根据句意和上下文提示，可知选C。
6. B 【解析】句意：你最好不要在食物还在嘴里时说话。A. plate盘子；B. mouth嘴；C. hand手；D. bowl碗。根据句意和上下文提示，可知选B。
7. A 【解析】句意：人们通常会外出烹调美味的食物，让你有家的感觉。A. feel感觉；B. arrive到达；C. eat吃；D. aim 对准。根据句意和上下文提示，可知BCD三项都不合句意，故选A。
8. C 【解析】句意：这些菜不好吃。我希望你不介意。A. realize意识到；B. suggest建议；C. expect希望；D. believe相信。mind介意，本句和上一句构成因果关系，根据句意和上下文提示，可知选C。
9. B 【解析】句意：其实，这是一个典型的词，可以显示一个中国的素质——谦虚。A. However然而；B. Actually实际上；C. Instead反而；D. Finally最后。根据句意和建议，联系上下文，可知ACD均不合句意，故选B。
10. C 【解析】句意：其实，这是一个典型的词，可以显示一个中国的素质——谦虚。A. honest诚实；B. proud骄傲；C. modest谦虚；D. serious认真。根据句意和上下文提示，可知选C。
(二)
【文章大意】文章介绍世界上不同的国家的就餐习惯不同。
1. C 【解析】句意：当你去世界不同的地方的餐馆时，知道哪些是正确的哪些是错误的很重要。A. popular 流行的，受欢迎的；B. difficult困难的；C. important重要的；D. enjoyable快乐的；根据句意故选C。
2. D 【解析】句意：比如，在中国吃饭时发出很大声音是可以的。 A. cause造成，引起，强调引起……后果；B. keep 保持；C. hear 听见；D. make制造，make a noise发出噪音；根据句意故选D。
3. A 【解析】句意：事实上，如果一个餐馆没有什么吵闹声不那么活跃，你可能会认为这个餐馆有问题。根据上文it’s OK to ____2____ a lot of noise in a restaurant. 在中国吃饭时发出很大声音是可以的。可知，在餐馆没有噪音，好像就没有生气似的。A. lively活泼的，生气勃勃的；B. friendly 友好的；C. lucky 幸运的；D. polite礼貌的；根据句意故选A。
4. B 【解析】句意：但是在一些西方国家，餐馆都是一些安静的地方。根据后文If people at a table talk too loud, other people who are eating there might even ____5____ to the owner of the restaurant.可知餐馆是个安静的地方；A. noisy吵闹的；B. quiet安静的；C. busy 繁忙的；D. clean干净的；根据句意故选B。
5. C 【解析】句意：如果就餐的人说话声音太大，在那里就餐的其他人会向餐馆老板抱怨。根据上句餐馆都是一些安静的地方。可知客人不满意，向老板抱怨；A. shout 喊，叫；B. explain 解释；C. complain 抱怨；D. speak说；根据句意故选C。
6. A 【解析】句意：在中国，一个人会为一起吃饭的每个人付钱。 根据中国的风俗习惯，通常是一个人为所有的人付钱；A. everybody 每个人；B. nobody 没有人；C. somebody 某人；D. none没有一个；根据句意故选A。
7. B 【解析】句意：但是，当朋友们一起吃饭时，他们会各自付账。A. until直到；B. when 当……时候；C. unless 除非；D. since自从；根据句意故选B。
8. C 【解析】句意：还有，当西方人付账时，他们会留一些小费给服务员。根据文意，一直在讲就餐的情况，所以应是小费给服务员；A. gatekeeper 守门人；B. seller 卖东西的人；C. waiter 服务员；D. visitor参观者；根据句意故选C。
9. B 【解析】句意：在美国，留给服务员账单的10%，15%或20%是很普遍的。 A. terrible 可怕的；B. common 普通的；C. serious 严肃的；D. unusual不寻常的；根据句意故选B。
10. D 【解析】句意：人们吃食物的方式在世界各地都不一样，但是在不同的国家你也会看到相同种类的食物。A. invent 发明；B. discover 发现，指本来存在，以前从未被发现；C. prefer更喜欢；D. find发现，强调结果，又可以表示偶然发现；根据句意故选D。
(一)
16. B【解析】考查上下文语境与副词词义辨析，句意为像许多人一样，我仅仅知道两个中文词汇。only 意为＂仅仅＂。
17. C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析，句意为你能猜到，在我到达之后很长一段时间内，我的生活过得都很艰难。＂difficult＂意为＂困难的；艰难的＂，故用 difficult。easy＂简单的＂，interesting意为＂有趣的＂。
18. B【解析】考查动词词义辨析，句意为我知道我必须学习中文，因此我报了一个中文班。＂attend＂ 意为＂参加＂。＂miss＂意为＂失去；想念＂，＂teach＂意为＂教；教学＂。
19. A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意为尽管我学的词汇还不足以支撑我与人真正的进行交流， 但是我的老师对我的帮助还是很大的。＂helpful＂意为＂有帮助的＂。＂cheerful＂意为 ＂振奋的＂，＂thankful＂意为＂感激的＂。
20. C【解析】考查上下文语境与动词词组词义辨析，根据上下文可知我自己学习中文进度很慢， 我决定放弃了。＂give up＂ 意为＂放弃＂，＂make up＂意为＂编造；弥补＂，＂put up＂意为 ＂举起；支起；提高＂。
21. A【解析】考査上下文语境与名词词义辨析，从上文可知，作者交到一个玩音乐的朋友，他教了作者很多有关音乐的词汇，从下文＂melody＂(旋律)也可推断出是关于音乐的词汇。＂words＂意为＂词汇＂，＂names＂意为＂名字＂，＂jokes＂意为＂玩笑＂。
22. C【解析】考查上下文语境与动词辨析，从上文可知，作者从他朋友那里学到了中文词汇，他也从作者学到了英文词汇，所以是一种语言文化的交流。＂exchange＂意为＂交换，交流＂； ＂change＂意为＂改变＂，＂imagine＂意为＂想象＂。
23. A【解析】考査上下文语境与动词词组词义辨析，句意为我学到了许多中文来解决问题，比如订火车票。＂deal with＂意为＂处理＂，＂look for＂意为＂寻找＂，＂think of＂意为＂思考，想起，认为＂。
24. B【解析】考査上下文语境与动词词义辨析，从上文得知，通过作者的经历，作者逐渐意识到中文这门语言的魅力，故用 realize。
25. A【解析】考查名词词义辨析，根据文意,我们学习一门语言最好的方式就是与本地人交朋友并多和他们接触。
(二)
21. A【解析】结合上下文可推知，此处指＂在下面建议的帮助下，你可以把这段时间享受到极致＂。suggestion意为＂建议＂，是可数名词，class意为＂班级＂，team意为＂团队＂。
22. C【解析】结合语境可知，此处指锻炼是获得能量的最好的方式。danger意为＂危险＂，money意为＂金钱＂，energy意为＂能量＂.
23. B【解析】结合上文可推知，此处指锻炼对你的健康有好处。be good at意为＂擅长……＂，be good for意为＂对……有好处＂，be good with意为＂善于应对……＂。
24. C【解析】结合本段内容可推知，学习一些基本的生活技能，是为了有一天能够独立生活。asleep意为＂睡着的＂，impolite意为＂不礼貌的＂，independent意为＂独立的＂。
25. B【解析】短语help sb. with sth.意为＂在某方面帮助某人＂。
26. C【解析】结合本段内容可推知，旅行是非常有趣的。terrible意为＂糟糕的＂，useless意为＂无用的＂，interesting意为＂有趣的＂。
27. B【解析】此处指如果没做过，那么立刻去做。so far意为＂到目前为止＂，at once意为＂立刻＂，no longer意为＂不再＂。
28. A【解析】祈使句结构＂Don’t +动词原形＂意为＂不要做某事＂。
29. A【解析】短语＂find+it+adj.+to do sth.＂意为＂发现做某事……＂，it在其中作形式宾语，to do作真正的宾语。
30. C【解析】此处指只要你遵守上面提到的(建议)，你就会由一个美好的假期。though意为＂尽管＂，even if意为＂即使＂，as long as意为＂只要＂。
(三)
1. A【解析】考查动词短语. 句意：这个东南亚小国是度假的好地方. take a holiday度假；take the bus坐公交；take risks冒险. 根据 For thousands of tourists from China，成千上万的来此中国游客，可知是来度假. 故选：A。
2. C【解析】考查名词. 句意：曼谷是泰国的首都. world世界；countryside乡下；capital首都. 根据常识可知曼谷是泰国的首都. 故选：C。
3. B【解析】考查动词. 句意：你可以看到一些僧侣在大街上走. hear听到；see看； listen听. 根据 walking along the streets. 在大街上散步应该是看见，故选：B。
4. C【解析】考查形容词. 句意：去泰国旅行的最佳时间是4月13日至15日，因为这是一年的泼水节. most最多；worst最糟；best最好的. 根据to visit Thailand is from April 13th to 15th，可知4月13日至15日是泰国的泼水节，因此应该是去泰国最好的时候，故选：C。
5. A【解析】考查名词. 句意：去泰国旅行的最佳时间是四月13日至15日，因为这是一年的泼水节. the Water Festival泼水节；Christmas圣诞节；Thanksgiving感恩节. 根据The local people think that water can wash away bad things and bring good luck. 当地人认为可以冲走霉运，带来好运. 与水有关的节日应该是泼水节. 故选：A。
6. B【解析】考查动词. 句意：人们走在街上，唱歌，跳舞相互泼水. look看；throw抛，扔； arrive到达. 根据上文it is the time of the Water Festival. 这是一年的泼水节，可知人们相互泼水. 故选：B。
7. A【解析】考查动词. 句意：在这个国家，有许多面朝大海的宾馆，你可以在海滩玩，也可以在海里游泳. swim游泳；walk走； lose失去. 根据in the sea在海里，可知是游泳. 故选：A。
8. C【解析】考查形容词. 句意：另一方面，泰国还是一个品尝美食的地方. terrible糟糕的； sour酸的；delicious可口的. 根据try 品尝可知品尝的当然是美食了. 故选：C。
9. C【解析】考查形容词. 句意：你可以以较低的价格在任何饭店吃到海鲜或买芒果，榴莲之类的热带水果. cheap便宜的；expensive昂贵的；low低的. 根据prices可知，price的修饰语只能是low或high. at high price以低价. 故选：C。
10. B【解析】考查动词. 句意：如果你到泰国去，不要忘了骑大象. hit击打； ride骑；drive驾驶. 根据an elephant可知，是骑大象. 故选：B。
(四)
【文章大意】这篇短文给我们想象了未来世界的样子，文章中主要提到了关于未来世界的两个想象：一个是飞行汽车；另一个是钢铁侠套装。这两种发明都有他们的优点，但同时也有很多的问题需要解决。
1. C【解析】句意：很多人都乐意给出他们的观点。suggestions 建议；instructions指导；opinions观点；reasons理由。根据上句话What will the future world be like?可知，这个问题是“未来的世界会是什么样子的？”关于这个问题，不同的人会有不同的看法，故应选C。
2. D【解析】句意：这里有两个关于明天世界的想象。past 过去；yesterday昨天；present现在；tomorrow明天。根据短文开头第一句话What will the future world be like?可知，这篇短文想象的是未来的世界，故应选D。
3. C【解析】句意：我们每小时能飞480英里，避开交通灯、拥挤的道路和超速罚款单。empty 空的；wide宽的；busy忙的；dirty脏的。根据文意可知，这里介绍的是flying car飞行车，有了它，我们就可以避免路上交通上容易出现的问题，如交通灯、交通拥挤和超速罚款，因此这里应选C，表示道路拥挤。
4. D【解析】句意：然而一些人指出了飞行车的缺点。moreover而且；instead相反；in fact事实上；however然而。上文We would fly at 480 kilometres per hour, avoiding traffic lights, 3 roads and speeding tickets讲述的是飞行车的优点，而这句话中some people point to the disadvantages of flying cars提到的是它的缺点，因此两句话之间是转折关系，故选D。
5. B【解析】句意：一个大问题是：如果飞行车坏掉了会发生什么？put down 记下，镇压；break down坏掉；write down写下；calm down平静下来。根据句意可知，这里说的是flying car的缺点，因此应该是如果飞行车坏了该怎么办，故选B。
6. A【解析】句意：而且如果他们变得受欢迎，那么就一定会有太多的空中交通。They他们； you你，你们；we我们；I我。根据文意可知，这几句话介绍的是都是flying cars，这个空代指的就是flying cars，是复数的，故应选A。
7. C【解析】句意：因此好像如果飞行车想要离开地面，他们将会面对很多的问题。And 和，而且，表示并列；But但是，表示转折；So因此，表示结果；or或者；否则。根据文意可知，上文提到了飞行车的优点和缺点，这句话是对未来世界可能会出现的飞行车做一个总结，表示的是结果，故应选C。
8. B【解析】句意：想象一下你有你自己的钢铁侠套装。gloves 手套；suit套装；helmet头盔；shoes鞋。根据下文This suit might help people to walk again after 11 or injury可知，这里说的是钢铁侠套装，故应选B。
9. D【解析】句意：它能允许佩戴者举起重物、走很长的路，甚至穿过墙。ask 问，请求；wish希望；invite邀请；allow允许。根据上句话This is a suit of robot arms and legs which follows your movement.可知，这种机器人的套装可以跟随你的移动，因此它 可以使你做到空后面列举的这些事情，故应选D。
10. D【解析】句意：它在很多方面都是很有用的，尤其是对于残疾人。beautiful 美丽的；peaceful和平的；平静的；colorful多彩的；useful有用的。根据下句话This suit might help people to walk again after 11 or injury可知，这种套装能帮助人，所以他们是有用的，故选D。
11. A【解析】句意：这个套装可以帮助人们在疾病或受伤之后重新能走路。disease疾病；holiday假日；work工作；party聚会。根据句意可知，人们不能走路，原因可能是受伤了，或者是疾病导致，因应选A。
12. B【解析】句意：但是目前的缺点就是价格。quality 质量；price价格；need 需要；number数字。根据下句话Even a simple suit can cost hundreds of thousands of pounds.可知，一套简单的钢铁侠套装就要花费好几千英镑，所以它的一个缺点就是价格昂贵，故应选B。
13. B 【解析】句意：一个像这样的套装需要很多的电量，电池目前只能持续15分钟。Chances机会；power电力，力量；rest休息；experience经历、经验。根据上句话Another problem is battery life可知，这里说的是这种套装的另外一个缺点就是电池的寿命，因此这里应说的是电池的电量，故选B。
14. A【解析】句意：你不会想让你的机器人的腿或者胳膊弯曲，可能会伤害。hurt伤害；attract吸引；protect保护；attack攻击。根据上句话One other problem is that a badly programmed robot wearer.可知，这种套装的另一个问题是编程不良，这可能会导致一些伤害。故选A。
15. C【解析】句意：因此在未来，虽然我们可能能够飞着去上班，但在此之前还有很多问题要解决。whether是否；unless除非，如果不；although 虽然，尽管；until直到…时候。根据这两句话的意思可知，他们之间的转折的关系，故应选C。
(一)
【文章大意】本篇文章介绍了整个世界充满了色彩。几乎每样东西都有颜色。黄色的柠檬和香蕉，红色的警告标志，绿色的春天叶子和草，蓝色的海洋等等，还有许多其他颜色，如橙色、棕色、紫色、白色和黑色。世界随着一年中的季节颜色的变化而变化。暴风雨过后，你可能会看到天空中的彩虹。
1. D【解析】句意：几乎所有东西都有颜色。考查不定代词。A. none没有人，没有任何东西；B. nothing没有东西，无物；C. something某物，某东西；D. everything一切，所有东西。根据上文The whole world is full of colours.(整个世界充满了色彩。)可知此句是“几乎所有东西都有颜色。”结合句意可知填everything；选D。
2. C【解析】句意：很多东西都是红色的。考查形容词辨析。A. Few很少，几乎没有，修饰可数名词复数；B. A little一点，一些，修饰不可数名词；C. Lots of许多，大量的，修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词；D. Little很少，几乎没有，修饰不可数名词。根据下文For example, warning signs are usually red.(例如，警告标志通常是红色的。)可知“很多东西都是红色的。”选C。
3. A【解析】句意：绿色是大多数春天叶子和草的颜色。考查名词辨析。A. Green绿色；B. Red红色；C. Yellow黄色；D. Blue蓝色。结合句意可知填Green；选A。
4. B【解析】句意：什么是蓝色？考查特殊疑问词。A. When什么时候；B. What什么；C. Who谁；D. Why为什么。根据下文“Blue is the colour of 5 .(蓝色是海洋的颜色。)”可知此句是“什么是蓝色？”结合句意可知填What，选B。
5. C【解析】句意：蓝色是海洋的颜色。考查名词辨析。A. the sun太阳；B. grass草；C. sea海洋；D. ground土地。结合句意可知填sea；选C。
6. A【解析】句意：还有许多其他颜色，如橙色、棕色、紫色、白色和黑色。考查形容词辨析。A. other其他的；B. another又一个，再一个；C. extra额外的，附加的；D. else其他的，一般修饰不定代词或特殊疑问词，且要后置。结合句意填other；选A。
7. B【解析】句意：世界随着一年中的季节颜色的变化而变化。考查名词辨析。A. months月；B. seasons季节；C. days白天；D. weeks星期，周。结合句意可知填season；选B。
8. D【解析】句意：秋天变成金黄色，冬天变成白色。考查形容词辨析。A. red红色；B. green绿色；C. yellow黄色；D. white白色。结合句意可知填white；选D。
9. B【解析】句意：暴风雨过后，你会看到天空中有许多不同颜色的东西。考查连词辨析。A. Until直到；B. After在……以后；C. Before在……以前；D. But但是。结合句意可知填After；选B。
10. B【解析】句意：但是如果没有不同的颜色，你能想象这个世界是什么样子的吗？考查介词辨析。A. with有，和；B. without没有；C. for为了，给；D. within在……的范围内。结合句意可知填without；选B。
(二)
【文章大意】本文通过讲述冰酒的酿酒工艺的偶然发现，告诉我们如果我们保持眼界和思想的开阔，就会有更好的事情发生。
1. A【解析】考查副词及语境的理解。A. once 曾经， B. also 也，C. only 只有，D. never从不；句意：我母亲曾经给我讲过冰酒的故事。此处的动词told是一般过去时，故用once，故选A。
2. B【解析】考查连词及语境的理解。A. and 而且，B. but 但是，C. if 如果， D. so所以。句意：你可能认为这是奇怪的，但是这是真实的。结合句意，前半句表示这是奇怪的，后半句表示这是真实的，前后表示转折关系，故用连词but，故选B。
3. C【解析】考查代词及语境的理解。A. why 为什么，B. when 何时， C. how 如何， D. where哪里。句意：这正是我们如何得到冰酒的。根据前文的Sometimes, a great new product is invented by accident.可知此处表示冰酒是如何产生的，故用疑问词how，故选C。
4. A【解析】考查代词及语境的理解。A. his他的， B. our 我们的， C. your 你的，D. her她的。句意：18世纪，在德国，一个人在秋天离开了他的农场。此处主语是a man，故用his修饰名词farm，故选A。
5. D【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解。A. hot 热的，B. wet 湿的， C. dry 干的，D. cold冷的。句意：天气突然变冷，他的葡萄都冻僵了。根据his grapes froze可知他的葡萄都冻僵了，因此表示天气变冷了，故选D。
6. B【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。A. sadness 悲伤，B. surprise惊讶，C. worry 担心， D. shyness害羞。句意：当他品尝葡萄时，令他感到惊讶的是，那葡萄品尝起来非常甜。结合前后文可知天变冷了，葡萄吃起来很甜，因此这是令他感到惊讶的，故选B。
7. C【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。A. refused 拒绝， B. forgot 忘记， C. decided 决定， D. failed失败。句意：然后，他决定使用这些葡萄来制作一些酒。根据People really liked his wine.可知他喜欢他的酒，因此决定制作酒，decide to do sth决定做某事，故选C。
8. D【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。A. Canada 加拿大， B. England 英国，C. France 法国，D. Germany德国。句意：对于两个国家来说，德国是唯一制作冰酒的地方。根据前文的In the 1700s in Germany, a man was away from _____4_____ farm in the autumn. T和Then, he ____7____ to use these grapes to make some wine.可知此处表示德国制作冰酒，故选D。
9. B【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。A. found 找到， B. produced 生产，C. sold 出售， D. ordered命令。句意：后来一个加拿大人想到这种酒可以在加拿大生产。根据后文的After all, the winters are cold in Canada and that’s the main ____10____ for making ice wine.可知此处指在加拿大生产冰酒，故选B。
10. A【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。A. requirement 要求， B. achievement 成就， C. instrument仪器， D. development发展。句意：毕竟，加拿大的冬天很冷，这是制作冰酒的主要要求。根据前文的To make it, people must freeze grapes on the vine(葡萄树).可知制作冰酒，主要的要求就是天气冷，故选A。
11. D【解析】考查动词短语及语境的理解。A. gave up 放弃，B. made up 化妆， C. cared about 在乎， D. found out查明，发现。句意：经过努力，一些葡萄农发现了最好的酿酒工艺，不久加拿大的冰酒开始销往世界各地。根据宾语the best process可知此处表示发现了最好的酿酒工艺，故选D。
12. C【解析】考查介词短语及语境的理解。A. by heart凭记忆，B. in half 分成两半，C. by accident 偶然，D. in secret秘密地。句意：其他发明有哪些是偶然产生的？根据a great new product is invented by accident.可知新产品是偶然产生的，故选C。
13. D【解析】考查介词及语境的理解。A. among 在……之间，B. through 通过，C. except 除了……之外，D. without没有。句意：真的很难想象没有挽救了数百万人的生命的青霉素的世界。此处表示很难想象没有青霉素的世界会是什么样，故选D。
14. A【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。A. cook煮，B. sleep 睡觉，C. rest 修饰，D. exercise锻炼。句意：微波炉确实改变了我们的烹饪方式。根据主语the microwave可知微波炉是烹饪用的工具，故选A。
15. B【解析】考查连词及语境的理解。A. because因为，B. if 如果，C. unless 除非，D. though尽管。句意：如果我们保持眼界和思想的开阔，就会有更好的事情发生。此处表示条件，故用连词if，故选B。
