【专题讲义】2020年中考英语一轮复习
专题39 完形填空之议论文知识点、考点及考题专题精讲（学生版）
议论文一般缺乏趣味性，所以在中考中出现的频率不是很高，但是也偶有出现，因此对于这类题材的文章的特点及解题的关键考生也应该有适当的了解。
二、解题方法：
1.?完形填空的短文通常没有标题且文章的首句和尾句，一般不设空，要特别注重对首、尾句的理解，因为它们往往提示或点明文章的主题，对理解全文有较大帮助。
?2.?第一遍通读带有空缺单词的短文时可能一时把握不住短文内容，弄不清头绪，这是很正常的。此时要注意克服畏难情绪和急躁心理，应稳定情绪，再将短文读一两遍，直到明确大意为止。
3.?做题时切勿一看到一个空格就急着选出一个答案，这样往往只见树木不见森林。由于缺乏全局观念，极易导致连续选错。
因为完形填空不同于单个句子的选词填空，其空白处是位于一篇文章之中，因此必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。
?4.?每篇完形填空所设的空多以实词为主，所提供的四个备选项中只有一个是正确的，其他三项均为干扰项。而干扰项也多半与前、后的句子或词组可以形成某种搭配，即如单从语法角度判断则无法确定，还必须从语篇意义上加以鉴别。
?5.?动笔时先易后难，先完成容易、有把握的答案，这样可以增强自信心，然后再集中精力解决难点。对于实在无法确定的，可以从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找提示，大胆地作出猜测。
(一)
Not only adults but also teenagers have problems in their life. Here is a survey showing the main problems of ___1___.
They feel stressed because they have ___2___ homework to do both at school and at home. They have lots of exams ___3___. And their parents usually send them ___4___ different classes at weekends. As a result, so many of them almost become bookworms(书呆子) . On holidays, they could hardly have ___5___ time to do what they are interested in. Now more and more teenagers ___6___ short-sighted.
They often read in bed or keep ___7___ for a long time without having a rest. Some of them are crazy about playing computer games. Some ___8___ too much time watching TV. ___9___ serious problem among teenagers is that many of them are becoming fat. They eat too much junk food, but they take little exercise.
I think teenagers should think of ways on how to ___10___ the problems. They should make a plan for study and hobbies and find time to relax as much as possible.
1. A. adult B. adults C. teenager D. teenagers
2. A. too many B. too much C. much too D. many too
3. A. join B. to be taken C. to take D. to join
4. A. to B. for C. of D. in
5. A. our own B. their own C. his own D. they own
6. A. are get B. are getting C. got D. are become
7. A. red B. read C. to read D. reading
8. A. pay B. cost C. spend D. take
9. A. Another B. Other C. Others D. Some
10. A. doing with B. do with C. dealing with D. deal with
(二)
It is reported that over 300 million people in China are suffering(遭受) from nearsightedness(近视). As more children have got eyesight ___1___，their parents hope to solve the problem in some different ways，for example，by correcting the ways when children ___2___ and sit. But in fact，one should start with the exercise from one’s feet. Here are three ___3___to save eyes.
First，don’t tie your shoes too closely. Try to wear comfortable and soft shoes and ___4___or walking without shoes or socks at home. While you are traveling，try to ___5___cloth shoes in order to improve blood circulation(循环).
Second，walking on tiptoes(脚尖) is good ___6___one’s eyesight. It can improve eyesight. Studies show that ___7___of the ballet(芭蕾) performers’ eyesight is good.
Third，rope skipping(跳绳) ___8___good for one’s eyesight. When skipping the rope，one has to move quickly，making both the brain and the eyes excited. It may also ___9___one grow taller.
Besides(除……之外) foot exercises, it is good to pull(拉) one’s ___10___. Pulling the ears 20 times quickly is also a good way. It can keep one’s eyes healthy.
1. A. trouble B. break C. sick D. life
2. A. play B. move C. speak D. read
3. A. messages B. roads C. ways D. ideas
4. A. clothes B. socks C. shirts D. trousers
5. A. put B. in C. dress D. wear
6. A. in B. to C. for D. at
7. A. all B. most C. none D. few
8. A. are B. is C. does D. do
9. A. making B. make C. like D. find
10. A. hair B. ears C. hand D. foot
(一)【2019 ? 四川省自贡市】
How much time do you spend in front of a screen every day? If your answer is about one hour, then maybe you are one of the 1 teenagers in the world.
Scientists did a 2 . They asked students aged 13 to 18 how long it 3 them to have fun on phones and computers. They also asked about 4 feelings of happiness. They found that those who spend more time on their smart phones are unhappier. "Spend no more than two hours a day on digital media(电子产品), 5 try to spend more time with friends and on exercise. These two activities bring greater happiness. " Jean Twenge， the scientist who led the study, said.
1. A. happy B. happier C. happiest
2. A. survey B. discovery C. test
3. A. takes B. spends C. costs
4. A. your B. our C. their
5. A. but B. and C. or
(二)【2019 ? 安徽省中考】
Are you shy? If you are, you are not alone. In fact, nearly 50% of people are shy, and almost 80% feel shy at some point in their lives. Why are people 26 ?
It is found that family size might 27 people to be shy. Children with no brothers and sisters may be shy. Growing up 28 , they often play by themselves. They are not able to develop the same social skills as children from big 29 .
Another cause of shyness could be 30 . As more and more people use the Internet, they 31 less time outside, talking to people. As a result, they lose practice at conversation. 32 to new people face to face can make them feel nervous.
For shy people, it can be 33 to make friends, speak in class, and even get a good job. But scientists say you can 34 your shyness. They suggest trying 35 things and practicing conversation.
Anyway, don’t be afraid of shyness—you are valued for what you are!
26. A. excited B. shy C. happy D. brave
27. A. remind B. teach C. guide D. cause
28. A. quickly B. happily C. alone D. abroad
29. A. countries B. cities C. teams D. families
30. A. duty B. safety C. technology D. education
31. A. design B. spend C. collect D. save
32. A. Nodding B. Running C. Jumping D. Speaking
33. A. difficult B. safe C. harmful D. surprising
34. A. run into B. look for C. get over D. depend on
35. A. new B. private C. awful D. heavy
(三)【2019 ? 四川省成都市】
One day in class, the teacher held up an apple. She stood on the platform(讲台) and said, ＂Please 21 it in the air, and…＂
One student 22 his hand and said, ＂I can smell it. It is the smell of an apple.＂
The teacher stepped 23 the platform, passed by each of the students and said, ＂Smell 24 to see if the smell of the apple is still in the air.＂
Half of the students put up their hands to show that they could smell it. The teacher returned to the 25 of the classroom and asked again who else could smell the apple. The rest raised their hands except one boy. The teacher came to the boy and asked, ＂You really can’t smell the apple?＂
The boy answered, ＂No, I can’t smell it. I don’t think it’s a 26 apple.＂
The teacher 27 at the boy and said to the class, ＂He’s right! It’s not 28 to get the apple smell from this apple.＂
All of the other students had been tricked. Some may have thought that perhaps the apple didn’t have the apple smell, 29 they didn’t dare to speak up. They just 30 the first student blindly and went along with him.
21. A. watch B. feel C. smell
22. A. shook B. raised C. showed
23. A. on B. off C. towards
24. A. later B. once C. again
25. A. front B. middle C. back
26. A. real B. tasty C. nice
27. A. laughed B. smiled C. shouted
28. A. surprising B. possible C. common
29. A. and B. so C. but
30. A. followed B. admired C. preferred
(四)(2018年黑龙江省绥化市中考)
The Shirt of a Happy Man
Once upon a time, in a rich and beautiful country, there lived an unhappy king. He slept 1 and didn’t feel like eating. The queen and his people worried about him very much. One day, a doctor was called in to examine the king. But he couldn’t find 2 with his body. It was all in his mind. He said the king needed the shirt of a happy person to wear. Then the prime minister, the king’s banker and the palace singer were called to the palace. But they all had 3 worries. They weren’t happy, either. The prime minister thought many people were trying to 4 , then he would lose his power. The banker was afraid 5 his money. The singer said he couldn’t get freedom because he always worried about being followed by 6 .
7 , the king’s top general was told to go out and find a happy man in three days’ time.
Two days passed, the general still couldn’t find a happy man. Everyone had their own problems. Just as he was
about to give up, he saw a poor man 8 happily on the street. The general didn’t understand why the poor man was so happy, though he seemed to have 9 power, money or fame. So he went up to the poor man and asked him about the reason. The poor man said he was happy because he had everything he wanted, and he didn’t want to have what he couldn’t have. Hearing this, the general was excited. The poor man was the Happy Man. So he asked the poor man to give his shirt 10 the king. "Shirt?" said the poor man in surprise,＂I don’t own any shirts!＂
1. A. badly B. bad C. worse
2. A. something wrong B. wrong anything C. anything wrong
3. A. much B. a lot of C. lot of
4. A. take his place B. keep his place C. make his place
5. A. losing B. to lose C. lose
6. A. the other B. other C. others
7. A. In the end B. By the end C. At the end
8. A. singing B. sing C. to sing
9. A. never B. not C. no
10. A. / B. to C. for
(一)
(四川省苍溪县2017届九年级第二次模拟)There are many kinds of pollution around us, ___1___ air pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution and light pollution. They are bad ___2___ our health in many ways.
Burning gas, oil and coal creates air pollution. It can cause sore eyes and ___3___ problems.
With the increase of pollution and the ___4___ of industry, litter is everywhere. It makes our environment dirty. People put lots of rubbish in the land. Farmers use too many chemicals in the fields. They destroy the soil. So soil pollution has become serious.
Noise pollution can make people ___5___. For example, people may lose their hearing if they work in a ___6___ place for a long time. Too much noise can cause high blood pressure ___7___.
Working for a long time in strong, changeable light ___8___ cause some kind of illnesses. It makes people feel ___9___ and is especially bad for the eyes.
With ___10___ pollution, our planet will become greener and our health will be better. Let’s be greener people.
1. A. such as B. for example C. such like
2. A. to B. in C. for
3. A. breaths B. breathe C. breathing
4. A. development B. develop C. developed
5. A. blind B. lame C. deaf
6. A. noise B. noisy C. noisily
7. A. as well B. too C. either
8. A. must B. should C. may
9. A. terrible B. comfortable C. terribly
10. A. little B. a little C. less
(二)
(上海市黄浦区2017届九年级4月二模)Technology provides more than a way of communication. However, it is becoming the only way to communicate for our teens. It has made face-to-face interaction ____1____ often and has made a negative effect on the social abilities of the teens.
These days we communicate on websites like Facebook, but I wonder why we have no in-person friendships. I see teens texting ____2____. They text while talking to someone else, at the dinner table, in the car and at the movies. This tiny piece of plastic is distracting teens from the real world.
As you can see, I am very much____3____ technology but there are ways that helps. It helps many people stay in touch with friends that might have moved away. In my life, I will have to move from my friends from time to time. With the help of Wechat, it can be easy to____4____ them and to ask if they would like to do something in person. Staying in touch can be done in person as much as over technology.
Some people have____5____ making new friends and the Internet provides ways to meet new people through chat rooms. I believe relationships built online can be a little eccentric. One study suggests that online relationships simply take longer to develop than those face-to-face.
Online relationships can be____6____ because you never know who’s on the other side of the chat. You can become more open over the Internet if you don’t have a chance to meet others in real life. Meeting people online can give you confidence, but I believe it also tears you down. Online relationships will either build you up or break you down. Most importantly, don’t let keyboards be the key to your heart.
1. A. too B. very C. less D. more
2. A. here B. there C. somewhere D. everywhere
3. A. for B. against C. with D. behind
4. A. reach B. lose C. win D. control
5. A. fun B. time C. trouble D. trust
6. A. convenient B. dangerous C. important D. necessary
(三)
Nowadays many people enjoy ____1____ things, especially young people. In the school, waste can ____2____ everywhere. Some students ask for ____3____ food than they can eat and others often forget to turn off the lights ____4____ they leave the classroom. Waste can bring a lot of problems. Someone ____5____ China is rich in some resources, such as coal, oil, trees and so on.
They even say ＂ ____6____ rich our country is!＂ But actually, we ____7____ no coal or oil to use in 100 years if we go on wasting. We really feel ____8____ about what we can use in the future. I don’t know ____9____ we can go on living without these resources. Think about it ____10____. I think we should say ＂no＂ to the students ____11____ waste things every day. And we should help do something good to the environment.
In our daily life, we can do things ____12____ waste from happening, for example, we should turn off taps after using it. Don’t throw the used paper ____13____ we can recycle it. Let’s start out small from now on. Little ____14____ little, everything will be changed. Waste can be stopped one day if we do ____15____ best. The nature will be more harmonious and our country will become more and more beautiful.
1. A. waste B. wasting C. to waste D. to wasting
2. A. be seeing B. are seen C. see D. be seen
3. A. more B. many C. much D. most
4. A. after B. before C. since D. whether
5. A. say B. be said C. says D. is saying
6. A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
7. A. have B. has C. had D. will have
8. A. worry B. worries C. worried D. worriedly
9. A. what B. when C. that D. how
10. A. care B. carefulness C. carefully D. careful
11. A. who B. what C. where D. which
12. A. stop B. to stop C. stopping D. stopped
13. A. because B. although C. until D. if
14. A. in B. on C. by D. with
15. A. we B. us C. our D. ours
【专题讲义】2020年中考英语一轮复习
专题39 完形填空之议论文知识点、考点及考题专题精讲（解析版）
议论文一般缺乏趣味性，所以在中考中出现的频率不是很高，但是也偶有出现，因此对于这类题材的文章的特点及解题的关键考生也应该有适当的了解。
二、解题方法：
1.?完形填空的短文通常没有标题且文章的首句和尾句，一般不设空，要特别注重对首、尾句的理解，因为它们往往提示或点明文章的主题，对理解全文有较大帮助。
?2.?第一遍通读带有空缺单词的短文时可能一时把握不住短文内容，弄不清头绪，这是很正常的。此时要注意克服畏难情绪和急躁心理，应稳定情绪，再将短文读一两遍，直到明确大意为止。
3.?做题时切勿一看到一个空格就急着选出一个答案，这样往往只见树木不见森林。由于缺乏全局观念，极易导致连续选错。
因为完形填空不同于单个句子的选词填空，其空白处是位于一篇文章之中，因此必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。
?4.?每篇完形填空所设的空多以实词为主，所提供的四个备选项中只有一个是正确的，其他三项均为干扰项。而干扰项也多半与前、后的句子或词组可以形成某种搭配，即如单从语法角度判断则无法确定，还必须从语篇意义上加以鉴别。
?5.?动笔时先易后难，先完成容易、有把握的答案，这样可以增强自信心，然后再集中精力解决难点。对于实在无法确定的，可以从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找提示，大胆地作出猜测。
(一)
Not only adults but also teenagers have problems in their life. Here is a survey showing the main problems of ___1___.
They feel stressed because they have ___2___ homework to do both at school and at home. They have lots of exams ___3___. And their parents usually send them ___4___ different classes at weekends. As a result, so many of them almost become bookworms(书呆子) . On holidays, they could hardly have ___5___ time to do what they are interested in. Now more and more teenagers ___6___ short-sighted.
They often read in bed or keep ___7___ for a long time without having a rest. Some of them are crazy about playing computer games. Some ___8___ too much time watching TV. ___9___ serious problem among teenagers is that many of them are becoming fat. They eat too much junk food, but they take little exercise.
I think teenagers should think of ways on how to ___10___ the problems. They should make a plan for study and hobbies and find time to relax as much as possible.
1. A. adult B. adults C. teenager D. teenagers
2. A. too many B. too much C. much too D. many too
3. A. join B. to be taken C. to take D. to join
4. A. to B. for C. of D. in
5. A. our own B. their own C. his own D. they own
6. A. are get B. are getting C. got D. are become
7. A. red B. read C. to read D. reading
8. A. pay B. cost C. spend D. take
9. A. Another B. Other C. Others D. Some
10. A. doing with B. do with C. dealing with D. deal with
(二)
It is reported that over 300 million people in China are suffering(遭受) from nearsightedness(近视). As more children have got eyesight ___1___，their parents hope to solve the problem in some different ways，for example，by correcting the ways when children ___2___ and sit. But in fact，one should start with the exercise from one’s feet. Here are three ___3___to save eyes.
First，don’t tie your shoes too closely. Try to wear comfortable and soft shoes and ___4___or walking without shoes or socks at home. While you are traveling，try to ___5___cloth shoes in order to improve blood circulation(循环).
Second，walking on tiptoes(脚尖) is good ___6___one’s eyesight. It can improve eyesight. Studies show that ___7___of the ballet(芭蕾) performers’ eyesight is good.
Third，rope skipping(跳绳) ___8___good for one’s eyesight. When skipping the rope，one has to move quickly，making both the brain and the eyes excited. It may also ___9___one grow taller.
Besides(除……之外) foot exercises, it is good to pull(拉) one’s ___10___. Pulling the ears 20 times quickly is also a good way. It can keep one’s eyes healthy.
1. A. trouble B. break C. sick D. life
2. A. play B. move C. speak D. read
3. A. messages B. roads C. ways D. ideas
4. A. clothes B. socks C. shirts D. trousers
5. A. put B. in C. dress D. wear
6. A. in B. to C. for D. at
7. A. all B. most C. none D. few
8. A. are B. is C. does D. do
9. A. making B. make C. like D. find
10. A. hair B. ears C. hand D. foot
(一)【2019 ? 四川省自贡市】
How much time do you spend in front of a screen every day? If your answer is about one hour, then maybe you are one of the 1 teenagers in the world.
Scientists did a 2 . They asked students aged 13 to 18 how long it 3 them to have fun on phones and computers. They also asked about 4 feelings of happiness. They found that those who spend more time on their smart phones are unhappier. "Spend no more than two hours a day on digital media(电子产品), 5 try to spend more time with friends and on exercise. These two activities bring greater happiness. " Jean Twenge， the scientist who led the study, said.
1. A. happy B. happier C. happiest
2. A. survey B. discovery C. test
3. A. takes B. spends C. costs
4. A. your B. our C. their
5. A. but B. and C. or
(二)【2019 ? 安徽省中考】
Are you shy? If you are, you are not alone. In fact, nearly 50% of people are shy, and almost 80% feel shy at some point in their lives. Why are people 26 ?
It is found that family size might 27 people to be shy. Children with no brothers and sisters may be shy. Growing up 28 , they often play by themselves. They are not able to develop the same social skills as children from big 29 .
Another cause of shyness could be 30 . As more and more people use the Internet, they 31 less time outside, talking to people. As a result, they lose practice at conversation. 32 to new people face to face can make them feel nervous.
For shy people, it can be 33 to make friends, speak in class, and even get a good job. But scientists say you can 34 your shyness. They suggest trying 35 things and practicing conversation.
Anyway, don’t be afraid of shyness—you are valued for what you are!
26. A. excited B. shy C. happy D. brave
27. A. remind B. teach C. guide D. cause
28. A. quickly B. happily C. alone D. abroad
29. A. countries B. cities C. teams D. families
30. A. duty B. safety C. technology D. education
31. A. design B. spend C. collect D. save
32. A. Nodding B. Running C. Jumping D. Speaking
33. A. difficult B. safe C. harmful D. surprising
34. A. run into B. look for C. get over D. depend on
35. A. new B. private C. awful D. heavy
(三)【2019 ? 四川省成都市】
One day in class, the teacher held up an apple. She stood on the platform(讲台) and said, ＂Please 21 it in the air, and…＂
One student 22 his hand and said, ＂I can smell it. It is the smell of an apple.＂
The teacher stepped 23 the platform, passed by each of the students and said, ＂Smell 24 to see if the smell of the apple is still in the air.＂
Half of the students put up their hands to show that they could smell it. The teacher returned to the 25 of the classroom and asked again who else could smell the apple. The rest raised their hands except one boy. The teacher came to the boy and asked, ＂You really can’t smell the apple?＂
The boy answered, ＂No, I can’t smell it. I don’t think it’s a 26 apple.＂
The teacher 27 at the boy and said to the class, ＂He’s right! It’s not 28 to get the apple smell from this apple.＂
All of the other students had been tricked. Some may have thought that perhaps the apple didn’t have the apple smell, 29 they didn’t dare to speak up. They just 30 the first student blindly and went along with him.
21. A. watch B. feel C. smell
22. A. shook B. raised C. showed
23. A. on B. off C. towards
24. A. later B. once C. again
25. A. front B. middle C. back
26. A. real B. tasty C. nice
27. A. laughed B. smiled C. shouted
28. A. surprising B. possible C. common
29. A. and B. so C. but
30. A. followed B. admired C. preferred
(四)(2018年黑龙江省绥化市中考)
The Shirt of a Happy Man
Once upon a time, in a rich and beautiful country, there lived an unhappy king. He slept 1 and didn’t feel like eating. The queen and his people worried about him very much. One day, a doctor was called in to examine the king. But he couldn’t find 2 with his body. It was all in his mind. He said the king needed the shirt of a happy person to wear. Then the prime minister, the king’s banker and the palace singer were called to the palace. But they all had 3 worries. They weren’t happy, either. The prime minister thought many people were trying to 4 , then he would lose his power. The banker was afraid 5 his money. The singer said he couldn’t get freedom because he always worried about being followed by 6 .
7 , the king’s top general was told to go out and find a happy man in three days’ time.
Two days passed, the general still couldn’t find a happy man. Everyone had their own problems. Just as he was
about to give up, he saw a poor man 8 happily on the street. The general didn’t understand why the poor man was so happy, though he seemed to have 9 power, money or fame. So he went up to the poor man and asked him about the reason. The poor man said he was happy because he had everything he wanted, and he didn’t want to have what he couldn’t have. Hearing this, the general was excited. The poor man was the Happy Man. So he asked the poor man to give his shirt 10 the king. "Shirt?" said the poor man in surprise,＂I don’t own any shirts!＂
1. A. badly B. bad C. worse
2. A. something wrong B. wrong anything C. anything wrong
3. A. much B. a lot of C. lot of
4. A. take his place B. keep his place C. make his place
5. A. losing B. to lose C. lose
6. A. the other B. other C. others
7. A. In the end B. By the end C. At the end
8. A. singing B. sing C. to sing
9. A. never B. not C. no
10. A. / B. to C. for
(一)
(四川省苍溪县2017届九年级第二次模拟)There are many kinds of pollution around us, ___1___ air pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution and light pollution. They are bad ___2___ our health in many ways.
Burning gas, oil and coal creates air pollution. It can cause sore eyes and ___3___ problems.
With the increase of pollution and the ___4___ of industry, litter is everywhere. It makes our environment dirty. People put lots of rubbish in the land. Farmers use too many chemicals in the fields. They destroy the soil. So soil pollution has become serious.
Noise pollution can make people ___5___. For example, people may lose their hearing if they work in a ___6___ place for a long time. Too much noise can cause high blood pressure ___7___.
Working for a long time in strong, changeable light ___8___ cause some kind of illnesses. It makes people feel ___9___ and is especially bad for the eyes.
With ___10___ pollution, our planet will become greener and our health will be better. Let’s be greener people.
1. A. such as B. for example C. such like
2. A. to B. in C. for
3. A. breaths B. breathe C. breathing
4. A. development B. develop C. developed
5. A. blind B. lame C. deaf
6. A. noise B. noisy C. noisily
7. A. as well B. too C. either
8. A. must B. should C. may
9. A. terrible B. comfortable C. terribly
10. A. little B. a little C. less
(二)
(上海市黄浦区2017届九年级4月二模)Technology provides more than a way of communication. However, it is becoming the only way to communicate for our teens. It has made face-to-face interaction ____1____ often and has made a negative effect on the social abilities of the teens.
These days we communicate on websites like Facebook, but I wonder why we have no in-person friendships. I see teens texting ____2____. They text while talking to someone else, at the dinner table, in the car and at the movies. This tiny piece of plastic is distracting teens from the real world.
As you can see, I am very much____3____ technology but there are ways that helps. It helps many people stay in touch with friends that might have moved away. In my life, I will have to move from my friends from time to time. With the help of Wechat, it can be easy to____4____ them and to ask if they would like to do something in person. Staying in touch can be done in person as much as over technology.
Some people have____5____ making new friends and the Internet provides ways to meet new people through chat rooms. I believe relationships built online can be a little eccentric. One study suggests that online relationships simply take longer to develop than those face-to-face.
Online relationships can be____6____ because you never know who’s on the other side of the chat. You can become more open over the Internet if you don’t have a chance to meet others in real life. Meeting people online can give you confidence, but I believe it also tears you down. Online relationships will either build you up or break you down. Most importantly, don’t let keyboards be the key to your heart.
1. A. too B. very C. less D. more
2. A. here B. there C. somewhere D. everywhere
3. A. for B. against C. with D. behind
4. A. reach B. lose C. win D. control
5. A. fun B. time C. trouble D. trust
6. A. convenient B. dangerous C. important D. necessary
(三)
Nowadays many people enjoy ____1____ things, especially young people. In the school, waste can ____2____ everywhere. Some students ask for ____3____ food than they can eat and others often forget to turn off the lights ____4____ they leave the classroom. Waste can bring a lot of problems. Someone ____5____ China is rich in some resources, such as coal, oil, trees and so on.
They even say ＂ ____6____ rich our country is!＂ But actually, we ____7____ no coal or oil to use in 100 years if we go on wasting. We really feel ____8____ about what we can use in the future. I don’t know ____9____ we can go on living without these resources. Think about it ____10____. I think we should say ＂no＂ to the students ____11____ waste things every day. And we should help do something good to the environment.
In our daily life, we can do things ____12____ waste from happening, for example, we should turn off taps after using it. Don’t throw the used paper ____13____ we can recycle it. Let’s start out small from now on. Little ____14____ little, everything will be changed. Waste can be stopped one day if we do ____15____ best. The nature will be more harmonious and our country will become more and more beautiful.
1. A. waste B. wasting C. to waste D. to wasting
2. A. be seeing B. are seen C. see D. be seen
3. A. more B. many C. much D. most
4. A. after B. before C. since D. whether
5. A. say B. be said C. says D. is saying
6. A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
7. A. have B. has C. had D. will have
8. A. worry B. worries C. worried D. worriedly
9. A. what B. when C. that D. how
10. A. care B. carefulness C. carefully D. careful
11. A. who B. what C. where D. which
12. A. stop B. to stop C. stopping D. stopped
13. A. because B. although C. until D. if
14. A. in B. on C. by D. with
15. A. we B. us C. our D. ours
(一)
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文，提出了当前青少年群体存在的两大问题：压力大和变胖，并重点分析了压力大的原因，建议青少年应该制订学习和业余爱好的计划，并尽可能多地找到时间来放松。
1. D 【解析】句意：这里有一项调查显示出青少年的主要问题。考查名词辨析题。A. adult成年人；B. adults成年人(复数)；C. teenager青少年；D. teenagers青少年(复数)。根据短文内容，谈论的是青少年压力很大的问题，结合首句Not only adults but also teenagers have problems in their life.句意，可知选D。
2. B 【解析】句意：他们感到压力很大，因为他们在学校和家里有太多的家庭作业要做。考查形容词辨析。homework家庭作业，不可数名词，可由much修饰但不可用many修饰，可排除A、D。much许多的，形容词，可由副词too修饰，即too much太多的，再排除C。根据句意和上下文，故选B。
3. C 【解析】句意：他们有许多考试要参加。考查动词和短语辨析题。join和 take part in 二者都有＂参加＂的意思，但用法有所不同。join加入某党派、组织或社会团体，参军等，强调成为其中的一个成员；而take part in指参加活动。根据句意和英文提示，可知本句指参加考试，故选C。
4. A 【解析】句意：他们的父母通常在周末送他们去不同的班级。考查介词辨析题。A. to向，朝着，到；B. for为，为了；C. of……的，表从属；D. in在……里，表地点。send sb./sth. to送某人/物去……，根据句意，可知选A。
5. B 【解析】句意：他们几乎都没有自己的时间做自己感兴趣的事情。考查代词辨析题。hardly几乎不，表否定。根据后半句to do what they are interested in做他们感兴趣的事，＂他们＂当然需要有＂他们自己的＂空闲时间。备选答案中：our own我们自己的，their own他们自己的，his own他自己的，they own表达错误。故选B。
6. B 【解析】句意：现在越来越多的青少年正变得近视。考查动词时态题。根据下文They often read in bed or keep reading for a long time without having a rest. Some of them are crazy about playing computer games. Some spend too much time watching TV.提示，结合句意可知，很多青少年正在变成近视，需用进行时态，故选B。
7. D 【解析】句意：他们经常躺在床上看书或长时间看书而不休息。考查非谓语动词题。keep doing表示不间断地做某事或持续的状态。根据句意，可知选D。
8. C 【解析】句意：有些人花太多时间看电视。考查动词辨析题。A. pay付钱，和介词for连用，即pay for sth.；B. cost价值，后接数字(钱数)；C. spend花费；D. take拿。几个动词都有＂花费＂的含义，但花时间做某事，常用take和spend，可排除A和B。take后面常接不定式，多用于it takes sb. some time to do sth.；spend后接介词on(可省略)，构成固定短语spend...on...。根据句意和结构，可知选C。
9. A 【解析】句意：青少年的另一个严重问题是他们中的许多人变胖了。A. Another又一个，再一个；B. Other(两个中的)另一个；C. Others别的( other的名词复数 )，其他的；D. Some一些，代词。在英语中，介绍两件事常用one... the other(加the，特指两者中的另一个)和one... another结构。根据文意，当前青少年存在两个问题，一是压力大，另一个就是变胖。结合句意和结构，可知选A。
10. D 【解析】句意：我认为青少年应该想办法解决这些问题。考查动词短语和动词形式辨析。how to do怎么做，是固定短语，to do是不定式，可排除A、C选项。deal with解决，固定短语。根据句意，可知选D。
(二)
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文，谈论了青少年的视力下降问题，给出了三种通过足部训练解救视力的方法，分别是：尽量穿舒适柔软的鞋子和袜子；用脚尖走路；跳绳。最后，补充了拉耳朵训练能保持眼睛健康。
1. A 【解析】句意：随着越来越多的孩子有视力问题，他们的父母希望通过一些不同的方法来解决这个问题。考查名词辨析。A. trouble问题/麻烦；B. break破裂；C. sick生病；D. life生活。to solve the problem解决问题。根据句意，可知BCD三个选项都与句意不符，故选A。
2. D 【解析】句意：例如，纠正孩子们读书和坐着的方式。考查动词辨析。A. play玩；B. move挪动；C. speak讲；D. read读。根据句意和语境，结合末段句子Pulling the ears 20 times quickly is also a good way.，可知选D。
3. C 【解析】句意：这里有三种方法可以挽救眼睛。考查名词辨析。A. messages信息；B. roads道路；C. ways方法；D. ideas想法。根据下文内容，作者给出了三种通过足部训练来保护视力的方法，故选C。
4. B 【解析】句意：尽量穿舒适柔软的鞋子和袜子。考查名词辨析。A. clothes衣服；B. socks袜子；C. shirts衬衫；D. trousers裤子。根据句意，结合下文walking without shoes or socks at home.可知选B。
5. D 【解析】句意：旅行时穿布鞋，以改善血液循环。考查动词辨析。cloth shoes布鞋；穿鞋，需用动词wear，根据句意，可知选D。
6. C 【解析】句意：其次，用脚尖走路对一个人的视力有好处。be good for对……有益。考查介词辨析。根据句意，可知选C。
7. B 【解析】句意：研究表明，大多数的芭蕾舞演员的视力都很好。考查代词辨析。A. all全部；B. most大多数；C. none没有一人；D. few极少，表否定。most of大多数。根据句意和生活实际，可知ACD都不合句意，故选B。
8. B 【解析】句意：第三，跳绳对视力有好处。考查系词辨析。be good for对……有益。句子主语rope skipping属于三单人称，系词需用is。根据句意，可知选B。 9. B 【解析】句意：它也可能使人长高。考查动词辨析。A. making动词make的现在分词形式；B. make使成为，使产生；C. like喜欢；D. find发现。may可以，后接原形动词。根据句意，联系上文making both the brain and the eyes excited.所用动词是make，可知选B。
10. B 【解析】句意：拉耳朵也是很好的。考查名词辨析。A. hair头发；B. ears耳朵；C. hand手；D. foot脚。It is good to do sth.做某事是好的(有益的)，动词不定式是真正主语。根据句意，联系下文内容Pulling the ears 20 times quickly is also a good way.可知是拉耳朵，故选B。
(一)
【文章大意】本文主要围绕青少年在电子产品上花费的时间与幸福感的关系展开讨论。
1. C【解析】考查形容词的比较级和最高级。句意：如果你的答案是大约一个小时，那么你可能是这世界上最幸福的青少年了。A幸福的，B更幸福的，C最幸福的. 故选：C
2. A【解析】考查名词。句意：科学家们做了一个调查. B发现，C测试。科学家们应该做的是调查。故选A。
3. A【解析】考查动词。句意：他们问13—18岁的学生玩电脑和手机会花费他们多少时间。三个选项都有花费(时间)的意思，take的用法：It takes sb +时间 to do sth. spend的用法：sb spend +时间+(in)doing sth. cost的用法：(doing) sth. costs (sb. )+时间，故选A。
4. C【解析】考查代词。句意：他们还问他们的幸福感. 此处their指的是前文的students，A你(们)的，B我们的。故选C。
5. B【解析】考查连词。句意：每天在电子产品上花费的时间不要超过两个小时，并且尝试着花费更多的时间在朋友或锻炼上。A但是，C或者。前后两个句子是并列关系。故选B。
(二)
【文章大意】你是一个害羞的人吗？如果你是的话，那么你并不孤独，将近一半的人都比较容易害羞。这篇短文给我们分析了导致人们害羞的原因，以及如何克服它。
26. B【解析】句意：为什么人们会害羞呢？excited兴奋的；激动的；shy害羞的；happy开心的；brave勇敢的。根据第二段第一句话It is found that family size might... people to be shy. 和第三段第一句话Another cause of shyness could be...可知，下面的文章中分析了导致害羞的原因。短文谈论的主题就是害羞，故应选B。
27. D【解析】句意：据发现家庭人数会导致人们害羞。remind提醒，使想起；teach教；guide指导；cause导致。根据上句话Why are people…?可知，这里谈论的是导致害羞的原因，故应选D。
28. C【解析】句意：独自一个人长大，他们经常自己玩。quickly快速地；happily开心地；alone独自的，单独的；abroad去国外的。根据上句话Children with no brothers and sisters may be shy.和句中they often play by themselves可知，这里说的是那些没有兄弟姐妹、独自长大的孩子，故应选C。
29. D【解析】句意：他们不能像来自大家庭的孩子一样发展同样的社交技能。countries国家；cities城市；teams团队；families家庭。根据这一段的开头It is found that family size might... people to be shy可知，这一段讲述了家庭规模对孩子性格的影响，因此这里对比的是来自不同家庭的孩子，故应选D。
30. C【解析】句意：另一个导致害羞的原因可能是科技。duty职责；safety安全；technology科技；education教育。根据下文As more and more people use the Internet, they... less time outside, talking to people. As a result, they lose practice at conversation可知，这一段讲述了互联网技术的发展对人们性格的影响，故应选C。
31. B【解析】句意：因为越来越多的人们使用因特网，他们花费更少的时间出去和人们交流。design设计；spend花费；collect收集；save拯救；节省。根据句意和空后的less time可知，这里表示＂花费更少的时间……＂，故应选B。
32. D【解析】句意：面对面的和一个陌生人说话会使他们感到紧张。Nodding点头；Running跑；Jumping跳；Speaking说。根据上句话As a result, they lose practice at conversation.可知，经常使用网络的人缺少和人练习谈话的机会，所以和陌生人说话时会紧张。因此应选D。
33. A【解析】句意：对于害羞的人来说，交友、在课堂上讲话甚至得到一个好工作都是非常困难的。difficult困难的；safe安全的；harmful有害的；surprising令人吃惊的。根据上文They are not able to develop the same social skills as children from big... 和下文But scientists say you can ... your shyness. They suggest trying ... things and practicing conversation.提出的建议可知，害羞的人由于缺少社交技能，在交友、在公共场合讲话以及找工作时会遇到困难。故应选A。
34. C【解析】句意：但是科学家们说你能克服你的害羞。run into遭遇；撞上；look for寻找；get over克服；depend on依靠，依赖。根据下句话They suggest trying... things and practicing conversation.可知，这里是说如何克服害羞，故应选C。
35. A【解析】句意：他们建议尝试新事物和练习对话。new新的；private私人的；awful可怕的，极坏的；heavy重的。根据文意和常识可知，克服害羞，应尝试新事物，故应选A。
(三)
【文章大意】本文通过让学生闻＂苹果＂的味道，暴露出普遍存在的盲目跟随的问题，说明独立思维和判断的重要性。
21. C【解析】句意：请闻闻它在空气中的味道。考查动词辨析。A. 观看；B. 感受；C. 闻。根据下文学生的话I can smell it. It is the smell of an apple.可知选C。
22. B【解析】句意：一个学生举手说:＂我能闻到。这是苹果的味道。＂考查动词辨析。A. 摇晃；B. 提升，举起；C. 显示。raise hands举手；根据句意语境，可知学生在举手回答问题，故选B。
23. B【解析】句意：老师走下讲台，从每个学生身边走过。考查介词辨析。step on踏上；step off走下；step towards走向。根据下文passed by each of the students可知老师走下来讲台，故选B。
24. C【解析】句意：再闻一闻，看看苹果的味道是否还在。考查副词辨析。A. 稍后；B. 曾经；C. 再次。根据前文She stood on the platform and said, ＂Please smell it in the air, and…＂可知这里是老师要求再闻一次，故选C。
25. A【解析】句意：老师回到教室前面。考查介词辨析。A. 在的……前面；B. 在的……中间；C. 在的……后面。return to返回，根据前文The teacher stepped off the platform, passed by each of the students可知老师刚才在教室的前面，故选A。
26. A【解析】句意：我认为这不是一个真正的苹果。考查形容词辨析。A. 真的；B. 可口的/好吃的；C. 好的。根据下文老师的话He’s right! It’s not possible to get the apple smell from this apple.可知这不是一个真正的苹果，故选A。
27. B【解析】句意：老师微笑着对男孩说:＂他说得对!＂考查动词辨析。A. 嘲笑；B. 微笑；C. 喊。根据老师的肯定He’s right!可知AC不合句意，故选B。
28. B【解析】句意：你不可能从这个苹果身上闻到苹果的味道。考查形容词辨析。A. 令人惊讶的；B. 可能的；C.普通的。根据下文All of the other students had been tricked.，结合上面老师对那个说出真话的男孩的肯定He’s right，可知AC两项意思不合句意，故选B。
29. C【解析】句意：有些人可能认为苹果没有苹果味，但他们不敢说出来。考查连词辨析。and和，表并列；so所以，表结果；but但是，表转折。本句前后是转折关系，需用but连接；根据句意结构和语境，可知选C。
30. A【解析】句意：他们只是盲目地跟着第一个学生，跟着他走。考查动词辨析。A. 跟随；B. 钦佩；C. 较喜欢。blindly盲目地；根据下文and went along with him.可知是盲目跟随，故选A。
(四)
【文章大意】本文主要讲述了一个国王总是不开心。这令王后和他的臣民担心。医生说国王需要穿上一个快乐之人的衬衫才能康复。但是，他们认为快乐的人也不快乐，因为他们总担心失去权利、金钱、自由等。于是国王的大将军被要求三天内去找一个真正快乐的人。
21. A【解析】句意：他睡得不好不喜欢吃东西。A. badly 副词，糟糕地，不好地； B. bad 形容词坏的，糟糕的； C. worse badly和 bad的比较级。该空修饰动词slept，且没有比较的意义，故使用副词，所以答案是A。
22. C【解析】句意：但是他没有发现，他的身体有毛病。something，anything是不定代词，定语后置，所以B选项是错误的；该句是否定句，一般情况下something用于肯定句，anything用于否定句和疑问句，可排除A，所以答案是C。
23. B【解析】句意：但是他们都有很多的忧虑。A. much很多，修饰不可数名词；B. a lot of 很多，即可修饰数名词，也可修饰不可数名词 ；C. lot of不正确。Worries是可数名词，所以选B。
24. A【解析】句意：丞相认为很多人试图取代他的位置，他就会失去权力。本题考查动词短语。A. take his place 代替他的位置； B. keep his place留住自己的位置 ；C. make his place让位。根据句意选A。
25. B【解析】句意：财政大臣害怕失去他的钱。Be afraid to do sth害怕做某事，是固定短语，所以选B to lose
26. C【解析】句意：御用歌手说他不能得到自由因为他总是担心被其他的人超越。. A. the other表示已知的两个(或两部分)人或事物中，特指的＂另一个＂或＂另一些＂，其后可跟单数或复数名词。 B. other 作形容词，通常用在单数或复数名词的前面，意为＂别的；其他的；另外的其余的 C. others (=other+复数名词) 泛指＂部分＂含义，用于已知的一些人或物中，除去某些后余下的人或物中的一部分。根据句意且结合这三个词的用法可知选C。
27. A【解析】句意：最后，国王的最高将军被任命在三天内去外面找到一个快乐的人。A. In the end最后；B. By the end到……为止；C. At the end在……的末尾。结合文章内容：国王的丞相、财政大臣、御用歌手都说自己不快乐，最后决定去宫廷外寻找快乐的人。故选A。
28. A【解析】句意：他看到一个穷人在街上快乐地唱着歌。see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事。see sb. do sth.看见某人做了某事， see sb. to do sth.是错误的，根据句意可知选A。
29. C【解析】句意：尽管他似乎没有权利，没有金钱，没有荣誉。A. never从来不，绝不，是副词 ； B. not不 ，没有， 是副词，表示否定；C. no没有的，可做形容词，副词，名词。因为权利，金钱，荣誉都是名词，不能使用副词修饰，可排除A、B，正确选项是C。
30. B【解析】句意：于是，他叫这个穷人把他的衬衣给国王。ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事，叫某人做某事；give sth to sb把……给……，故选B。
(一)
【文章大意】本文主要讲述了各种各样的污染，如空气污染、土壤污染、噪音污染和光线污染，以及这些污染是怎么造成的，它对我们人类有什么伤害。最后作者呼吁我们要保护环境，做环保人。
1. A 【解析】考查介词短语及语境的理解。 A. such as 例如，举多个例子；B. for example例如，举一个例子；C. such like像这样；句意：在我们的周围有各种各样的污染，例如空气污染、土壤污染、噪音污染和光污染。根据句意可知，这里作者关于污染给我们举了一些例子，故选A。
2. C 【解析】考查介词及语境的理解。A. to 向；B. in 在……里；C. for为了；句意：他们在很多方面对我们的健康有害。be bad for，对……有害。故选C。
3. C 【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。A. breaths 呼吸，是名词；B. breathe 呼吸，是动词；C. breathing呼吸，是动词；句意：燃烧天然气、石油和煤会导致空气污染，它可能导致眼睛痛和呼吸问题。在这里做定语修饰后面的名词problems，故用现在分词breathing。故选C。
4. A 【解析】考查名词和动词及语境的理解。A. development 发展，是名词；B. develop 发展，是动词；C. developed发展，是动词；句意：随着污染的增加和工业的发展，垃圾到处是。With + the +名词+of伴随着……，故此处用名词development，故选A。
5. C 【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解。A. blind 瞎的；B. lame瘸的； C. deaf聋的；句意：噪音污染可能会使人变聋。根据后文的For example, people may lose their hearing if they work in a ___6___ place for a long time.可知噪音影响人的听力，因此会导致聋，故选C。
6. B 【解析】考查名词和形容词及语境的理解。A. noise噪音，是名词；B. noisy 喧嚣的，是形容词；C. noisily吵闹地，是副词；句意：例如，如果人们长时间在吵闹的地方工作，他们可能会失去听力。修饰名词place，故用形容词noisy，故选B。
7. A 【解析】考查副词及语境的理解。A. as well 也，位于肯定句句末，不用逗号隔开；B. too也，位于肯定句句，有逗号隔开； C. either也，位于否定句句末；句意：太多的噪音还能导致高血压。此处是肯定句句末，没有逗号，故用as well，故选A。
8. C 【解析】考查情态动词及语境的理解。A. must 一定，有把握的推测； B. should 应该；C. may可能，没有把握的推测；句意：长时间在强烈的、易变的灯光下工作可能会导致一些疾病。根据句意可知，这里只是一种可能，故选C。
9. A 【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解。A. terrible可怕的，糟糕的；B. comfortable 舒服的；C. terribly非常；句意：它会使人感到难受，尤其是对人的眼睛有害。根据句意可知，it is bad for the eyes，故这里应该表示感觉难受，故选A。
10. C 【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解。A. little 几乎没有；B. a little 一点儿；C. less更少；句意：污染越少，我们的地球就会变得越环保，我们的健康就会变得更好。根据后文的our planet will become greener and our health will be better.可知此处用比较级，故为less。故选C。
(二)
【文章大意】本文主要谈论了技术提供了人们的交流方法的利与弊。
1. C 【解析】句意：它减少了面对面的交流，并对青少年的社交能力产生了负面影响。A. too太；B. very很；C. less较少，较小；D. more更多。less often更少，不经常；more often更经常，更经常地；too often太频繁；very often很经常。根据上文Technology provides more than a way of communication.(技术提供了不止一种交流方法。)结合句意和语境可知选C。
2. D 【解析】句意：我看到青少年到处发短信。A. here这儿；B. there那儿； C. somewhere某处； D. everywhere每个地方，到处。根据下文They text while talking to someone else, at the dinner table, in the car and at the movies.(他们发短信和别人聊天，或在餐桌上、或在汽车里、或在电影院里。)结合句意和选项可知选D。
3. B 【解析】句意：正如你所看到的，我非常反对技术，但它有很多有益的方面。A. for为了，对于；B. against反对，违反；C. with用，随着，支持，和……在一起 ；D. behind落后于，支持。Be against sth.(doing sth.反对做某事；根据句意和语境可知选B。
4. A 【解析】句意：在微信的帮助下，它可以很容易找到他们，问他们是否愿意亲自做的事情。A. reach到达，影响，抵达，伸出； B. lose失去，错过，遗失，耽搁；C. win赢得，在……中获胜；D. control控制，管理，抑制。根据下文Staying in touch can be done in person as much as over technology.(亲自保持联系和通过技术保持联系内容一样多。)结合句意可知选A。
5. C 【解析】句意：有些人结交新朋友有困难，而互联网提供了通过聊天室结识新朋友的途径。A. fun乐趣；B. time时间；时代；次数；倍数； C. trouble麻烦； D. trust信任，信赖；盼望。Have fun doing sth：高兴做某事；have time to do sth.：有时间做某事；have trouble doing sth.：做某事有困难；结合句意和语境可知选C。
6. B 【解析】句意：网上恋情可能很危险，因为你永远不知道聊天的另一边是谁。A. convenient方便；B. dangerous危险的；C. important重要的； D. necessary必要的，必需的，必然的。结合句意和语境可知选B。
(三)
【文章大意】本文介绍了现在的人的浪费现象，他们觉得中国的资源是很丰富的，所以肆无忌惮地使用而不节约，本文呼吁我们要停止浪费，节约资源，保护环境。
1. B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。enjoy doing sth表示喜欢做某事，所以此题要填waste的动名词形式。故选B。
2. D 【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。waste和see间是动宾关系，当waste作主语时要用被动语态，即be+及物动词的过去分词，此题中用在情态动词can后，要用be动词的原形加上see的过去分词seen. 故选D。
3. A 【解析】考查形容词的比较级及语境的理解。A. more比较级；B. many原级；C. much原级；D. most最高级。由than可知此题要用比较级，故选A。
4. B 【解析】考查连词及语境的理解。 A. after在……后；B. before在……前；C. since自从；D. whether 是否。结合语境可知是他们在离开教室前忘记关灯，故选B。
5. C 【解析】考查动词。句意：有人说中国在一些资源上很富有的，如：煤、油、树等等。句子的主语someone与say之间是主动关系，这里指现在的人们经常这样说，所以句子用一般现在时。根据They even say ＂___6___rich our country is!这里可知，这里指人们现在说的情况。故选C。
6. A 【解析】考查感叹句的结构。当修饰形容词时，感叹句要用how来引导，此题中是修饰形容词rich，所以用how即可。故选A。
7. D 【解析】考查动词时态。由in 100 years和if引导的条件状语从句可知，此处是作主句的谓语，从句we go on wasting用的一般现在时，主句要用一般将来时，选D。A和B用于一般现在时，C用于一般过去时。故选D。
8. C 【解析】考查动词短语。be/feel worried about表示担心，故选C。
9. D 【解析】考查宾语从句。A. what什么；B. when什么时候；C. that在宾语从句中没有词义；D. how怎样。分析句子可知空格处引导的宾语从句作know的宾语，且从句中不缺主语，宾语或表语，不能选A；结合语境可知此处意思为如果没有这些资源我们要如何生存，选D。
10. C 【解析】考查副词。A. care名词，关怀；动词，照顾；B. carefulness名词，细心；C. carefully副词，仔细地；D. careful形容词，小心的。此题是修饰动词短语think about，所以要用副词来修饰，故选C。
11. A 【解析】考查定语从句。此句的先行词students指人，且在从句中作主语，所以要用who来引导；B不用于定语从句；C在定语从句中作状语；D可以作主语，但主要用于修饰事物，不用于修饰人，故选A。
12. B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知此题中已经有谓语动词do了，在没有连词的情况下再出现动词要用非谓语动词形式。此题中stop waste是do things是目的，所以用不定式to do sth来作目的状语，故选B。
13. A 【解析】考查连词及语境的理解。A. because因为；B. although虽然；C. until直到；D. if如果。结合语境可知我们可以重复利用纸是不要把纸扔了的原因，故选A。
14. C 【解析】考查固定短语。little by little表示渐渐的，一点一点地，选C，其他介词无此搭配。故选C。
15. C 【解析】考查代词。do one’s best表示尽某人最大的努力，所以要用形容词性物主代词our。故选C。
