【专题讲义】2020年中考英语一轮复习
专题41 阅读理解之说明文知识点、考点及考题专题精讲（学生版）
＂英语说明文＂，顾名思义，就是一种以＂说明、解释＂为主要表达方式的英语文体。它是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等作科学解说的。它既不像故事那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；更不像科幻作品那样富于想象和虚构夸张。说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，使人们增长知识和技能。说明文是高考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，便于高校分层次选拔人才。然而对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度大。高考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。
说明文阅读理解的特征
一般说来，英语说明文与其他文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即who → what → when → where → how → why。
1. who：问的是这篇文章的主体是谁？(即所要说明和描述的人或事物)
2. what：问的是主体做了什么事情？(即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途)
3. when和where：是在何时何地发生的？(即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途)
4. how：通过什么方式表现出来的？
5. why：这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？
做说明文阅读理解题的时候，一定要记住上面的wh-word。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文。
A
Welcome to London! Now let me tell you something about this wonderful city. London, the capital of the United Kingdom, is the biggest city in Western Europe with over 7 million people. It sits by the River Thames. London has a history of more than 2000 years. Because all over the world are familiar with the city’s red double-decker (双层的) buses and black taxis.
People
The British Empire used to rule around the world, so many people from around the world moved to London. They have brought with them their own languages and cultures. More than 300 different languages are spoken in London.
Culture
London is known for its museums. One important museum is British Museum. It is the oldest public museum in the world. There are two main art museums in London: the National Gallery and the Tate Gallery. Besides, London is also home to arts, such as theatre and music. The Globe Theatre, which was popular in the late 16th and 17th centuries, was opened for performances of William Shakespeare’s central London.
Tourist attractions
London has many wonderful places to visit. For example, the well-known Clock Tower, a 320-foot-high tower, was called the Big Ben. Another famous London building is Buckingham Palace. The members of royal (皇家的) family of England live there. Besides, Hyde Park is the largest open area in central London.
1. What’s the population of London?
A. Less than 7 million. B. Only 7 million.
C. More than 7 million. D. Nearly 7 million.
2. How many museums are there in London according to the passage?
A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five
3. The members of royal family of England live in ________.
A. the Big Ben B. Buckingham Palace
C. Hyde Park D. British Museum
4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned (提及) in the passage?
A. The Location of London.
B. The history of London.
C. The interesting places in London.
D. The food in London.
5. From the passage, we can know that ________.
A. more than 300 different languages are spoken in London
B. the Globe Theatre has less than 300 years’ history
C. the Big Ben is a 320-foot-high clock
D. London is the biggest city in Europe
B
Different gestures (手势) mean different things in different countries. Sometimes a gesture that is polite in one country is not polite in another and should not be used. Different meanings of gestures can also cause problems in understanding what another person is trying to say. A gesture that many people do not understand is one that uses the thumb. Most westerners will sometimes show that they like something by holding out a closed hand with the thumb lifting in the air. This is called give someone or something ＂the thumbs up＂. Often, only one thumb is used, so it should be ＂the thumb up＂.
The usual explanation (解释) for the origin of this gesture is not really correct. It says that in ancient Roman times, when people were pleased with the way a gladiator (角斗士) had fought, they showed their thumbs up. When they were not pleased, they gave the thumbs down. When a gladiator was given the thumbs up, the emperor allowed him to live. When a gladiator was given the thumbs down, the emperor ordered him to be killed.
The truth is, however, it was translated into a wrong meaning by mistake. If people wanted to save the gladiator, they put out their hands and hid their thumbs in their hands. If they wanted the gladiator to die, they pointed their thumbs straight at him.
1. Westerners lift their thumbs when they ________.
A. want someone to die B. like something
C. want to go to a playground D. want someone to live
2. Most people think that in ancient Rome, ＂thumbs up＂ meant that ________.
A. the emperor could die
B. the people wanted the gladiator to live
C. the fighting could continue
D. the people were not pleased
3. In fact, if people wanted a gladiator to live, they ________.
A. hid their thumbs B. pointed their thumbs down
C. lifted their thumbs up D. pointed their thumbs at him
4. From the article we know that ________.
A. different gestures have different meanings in different countries
B. a friendly gesture is always the same in different countries
C. the meaning of ＂thumbs up＂ is the same both now and the past
D. we should often use the thumbs
5. The main idea of this article is about ________.
A. gestures around the world
B. closed thumbs
C. gestures in ancient Rome
D. the thumbs-up gesture
(一)【2019 ? 重庆市中考】
Cinyee Chiu, an artist from Taiwan, is always happy to try something new. Her amazing works won lots of prizes. Among them, ＂24 Solar Terms(节气)＂ is the most popular.
Ancient Chinese divided a year into 24 parts according to the changes of the weather. It’s the 24 solar terms. But not everyone knows them well. Cinyee Chiu put the 24 solar terns in pictures to help people understand them better.
Cinyee turned each solar term into an animal. But these animals are not just animals. You can also find seasonal fruits, vegetables or beautiful flowers on them.
When spring comes, water gets warm and fish start to swim around. So Cinyee chose fish as a symbol of Start of Spring. Also, she drew spring vegetables, Chinese chives on the back of the fish.
White Dew falls on about Sept. 8. It shows the beginning of the cool autumn. There are colorful leaves and cooler nights at this time of year. As the temperature falls, white dew(露珠) is often seen on the grass and trees at night. For White Dew, Cinyee chose a raccoon—a small animal with thick hair. She drew white spots(小圆点) on the raccoon to show dew. And she used the dragon fruit to show the rich colors in autumn.
The young artist really gave the ancient Chinese culture a new look.
1. The writer gave ___________ examples to show Cinyee’s ＂24 Solar Terms＂.
A. two B. three C. four D. five
2. From Paragraph 5, we know that ___________.
A. a raccoon likes fish
B. Start of Spring falls on about Dec. 8
C. White Dew shows the end of the autumn
D. Cinyee used white spots to show dew
3. According to the passage, Picture ___________ can’t be from Cinyee’s ＂24 Solar Terms＂.
A. B. C. D.
4. The writer mainly wants to talk about ___________.
A. why Cinyee made herself known
B. who divided a year into 24 parts
C. how Cinyee showed the 24 solar terms
D. what Start of Spring and White Dew mean
(二)【2019 ? 浙江省温州市】
Many objects in the universe are invisible, but they send radio waves. The radio telescope thus appeared, and it is considered one of the greatest inventions in the twentieth century. Reber built the world’s first radio telescope in 1937. Ryle and Hewish developed radio telescope systems for the location of weak radio sources, and they shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974.
A radio telescope is usually made up of:
One or more antennas to collect the radio waves. Most antennas are made in the shape of a dish to collect and reflect, the radio waves to the sub-reflector, in the same way as a curved mirror focuses visible light to one point.
A receiver and amplifier to receive the radio waves from the sub-reflector, and make these weak radio waves strong enough to be recorded and turned into electronic signals. To make an amplifier sensitive enough, it is usually cooled to, very low temperatures (e. g. as low as -270℃).
A recorder to keep a record of the electronic signals. Most: radio telescopes today keep the signals to the computer’s memory disk for astronomers to analyze later.
Radio wavelengths are much longer than those of visible light, and the radio waves from deep space are always weak. To catch Radio wavelengths are much longer than those of visible light, and the radio waves from deep space are always weak. To catch these waves, radio telescopes usually have huge antennas. The sizes of most antennas in use today are around 50 to 300 metres in diameter. The antenna of FAST in Guizhou, China, the latest and largest radio telescope in the world, is 500 metres in diameter, as large as the size of 30 football fields.
To avoid interferences, and keep the telescopes sensitive, radio telescopes are built in places where there are no human radio waves or electronic signals. For example, FAST is 5 kilometres away from the closest village and 25 kilometres away from the nearest town.
Radio telescopes create pictures of the sky, not in visible light, but in radio waves. This is extremely useful, because there are objects that can’t be seen, objects that we wouldn’t even know without radio telescopes.
5. Radio telescopes help collect ___________ from the universe
A. light B. objects C. radio waves D. visible signals
6. Most antennas of radio telescopes are made in the shape of a dish to ___________.
A. make the antennas strong enough
B. increase the number of radio waves
C. turn radio waves into electronic signals
D. focus radio waves on the sub-reflector
7. The underlined word "interferences" in the passage refers to ___________.
A. the noises made by villagers and animals
B. the sounds from the radios and televisions
C. the people who go to Guizhou to watch FAST work
D. the radio waves and electronic signals from humans
8. What have we done with the help of radio telescopes?
A. We have received pictures of deep space.
B. We have discovered unknown lives in the universe.
C. We have found some unknown objects in the universe.
D. We have turned the radio waves from space into light.
(三)【2019 ? 浙江省衢州市】
The world has a plastics problem. And not just with bottles. Straws(吸管), toothbrushes, toys—all kinds of plastics are placed in landfills. There are 5 billion tons of plastic waste in the world. Landfills have a large part of it. By 2050, they could have 13 billion tons.
Much of plastic rubbish finds its way into the ocean. Scientists say 165 million tons of plastic pieces are floating around out there. And most plastic won’t disappear itself. It will remain in the ocean forever. Whales get caught in plastic fishing nets. Birds die because of eating plastic straws and bottle caps. It endangers ocean life. Plastic rubbish even ends up in the food we eat.
Governments are realizing that recycling may not be enough. They are taking more actions. Though it is hard work, it is still a solvable problem. In Britain, people are not allowed to use plastic bags except in hospitals. Scotland and several coastal cities in the US stop people from using plastic straws as well. The US alone throws away some 500 million plastic straws a day. That’s enough to circle the Earth twice. ＂Saying no to a plastic straw is an easy way to make a big difference,＂ Dana Lofflin who started www.strawfree.org said. ＂Do we really want to pass on to our children a world harmed by plastic?＂
People have found some tasty ways to reduce waste. A company in India made the first-ever spoon that people can eat. You don’t have to eat the spoon. You can throw it away. It decomposes(分解) in just a few days. David Edwards, a scientist at Harvard University, designed an eatable bag which can protect the food or drink inside. It is a delicious replacement for plastic ones.
9. According to the write, birds die because they ___________.
A. eat bottle caps and straws B. get caught in fishing nets
C. feed on ocean animals D. have the spoons in India
10. The underlined word "endangers " in Paragraph 2 probably means ___________.
A. brings B. loses C. harms D. saves
11. The purpose of the passage is mainly to ___________.
A. introduce some ways to recycle waste
B. tell readers about the problem with plastics
C. compare air pollution and plastic pollution
D. describe how the US is reducing plastic waste
12. From the passage, we can tell that the plastics problem ___________.
A. is too big for people to solve
B. can be solved by recycling alone
C. can be solved, but it won’t be easy
D. will have to be solved by future scientists
(四)(2018年浙江金华中考)
Teenagers are known for being creative and full of new ideas. Let’s have a look at these teenage inventions that might change the world.
Banana leaves usually go bad in two or three days. Tenith Adithyaa, a teenager from India, used UV to make the leaves stay fresh for a year. Tenith thinks that one day the leaves will be used for making plates, cups and other things.
David Cohen, an American teenager, built an earthworm(蚯蚓) robot. It is able to go into the smallest places, where humans or dogs can’t go. It will be used for finding people in a fire or an earthquake.
Remya Jose, a 14-year-old from India, found it tiring and boring to handwash clothes in the nearby river. She reused some bicycle parts and created a washing machine that saves time, energy and keeps people fit at the same time.
Kenneth Shinozuku, a 15-year-old from New York, noticed that his grandfather who got Alzheimer＇s disease(老年痴呆) would often leave home and get lost. So he invented the wearable sensors(感应器)to help people find their family members like his grandfather.
16. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Popular ads B. Useful machines
C. Strange pictures. D. Teenage inventions
17. The earthworm robot by David Cohen can _________.
A. make things stay fresh B. help people wash clothes
C. go into the smallest places D. take care of the old people
18. Which of the following is TRUE
A. Plates and cups are made of fresh banana leaves.
B. Remya’s washing machine can also keep people fit.
C. David Cohen is a middle school student from India.
D. Kenneth’s wearable sensors will keep old people at home.
A
(2017学年瑞安市玉海实验中学九年级上期中)About 96% of young people in the UK usually use the internet to communicate according to a survey of 24,000 British people aged 9-11. A report shows that only 40% of young people know that personal information shared online stays online forever. There are about 250 million tweets generated every day and around 800 million Facebook users—that means a lot of information is shared online. So are young using the internet safely?
Do you know how to change your privacy settings on social media? For example, you can click the ＂flower’ icon＂or ＂settings＂ on Facebook to get to your privacy settings. Then you can decide who sees your posts and personal information: friends, friends of friends or everyone. Do you want everyone in the world to be able to see your email address or just friends?
The BBC Share Take Care campaign is all about helping everybody, from little kids to the over 55s, to make their online activity safer and protect themselves on the web. The campaign says adults and teenagers need to be more careful with personal information and images online.
Everybody knows that we should be polite and kind to people in real life and online. Unluckily this doesn’t always happen. Where can you report online abuse or unkind messages to yourself or your friends? Do you know how to report such messages online? For example, if you see an unkind tweet on Twitter you can click on＂more＂ and then choose ＂Report tweet＂. You then block all further tweets from that user.
1. How many young people know shared information stays online forever according to the report?
A. Very few. B. Less than a half.
C. More than a half. D. Almost everyone
2. The second paragraph mainly tells us _________.
A. how to use Facebook
B. how to change our email address
C. how to change our privacy settings
D. how to protect our personal information
3. What’s the purpose of the BBC Share Take Care campaign?
A. To help adults to surf the Internet.
B. To help people to stay safe online.
C. To help kids to protect themselves online.
D. To help teenagers to be careful with their information
4. When you see an unkind message, you are advised to ___________.
A. save it B. forget it C. ignore it D. report it
B
The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th of the first month of the lunar calendar. This day is always the first full moon in the New Year. Ancient people also called it Shangyuan Festival. Celebrations and traditions on this day began from the Han Dynasty and became popular in the Tang Dynasty.
Watching the red lanterns is one of the main traditions. Lanterns of different shapes and sizes are usually put on trees, or along river banks on show. It is said that sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Kongming to ask for help when he was in trouble. Today, when the lanterns slowly rise into the air, people make wishes.
Another tradition is guessing lantern riddles. The riddles are usually short, wise, and sometimes humorous. The answer to a riddle can be a Chinese character, a famous person’s name, or a place name.
The most important thing is to eat sweet dumplings with different tastes. In northern China, they are called yuan xiao while in southern part they’re named tang yuan. Because making sweet dumplings is like a game or an activity, they are usually done happily by a group of friends or family members.
In old times, the Lantern Festival was also romantic. Watching lanterns gave young people a chance to meet each other. A line from Xin Qiji a poet during the Song Dynasty, shows this;
Hundreds and thousands of times I searched for her in the crowed. Suddenly I turned，and there she stood，in the dim light.
1. What were sky lanterns first used for by Zhuge Kongming in ancient times?
A. Making wishes. B. Celebrating birthdays.
C. Playing games D. Asking for help.
2. The line from Xin Qiji in the passage shows the Lantern Festival was in old times.
A. boring B. humorous C. romantic D. popular
C
In June, three students from the same high school in Wujiashan High School, Hubei Province each won a gold medal at an important invention trade show in the United States.
One of them is Wang Yujie. Her invention can control the oxygen level itself in pools day and night. Usually, fish keepers increase oxygen in fish pools by hand, and it’s hard work, but now they can save a lot of strength.
Another winner Xue Jigang is also in the first year of high school. Xue’s invention is an in-car system(系统). The third winner’s invention could be used more widely. Zhong Juncheng told the local newspaper that his idea of an automatic(自动的) toilet came from an unpleasant experience at a service center on the expressway(高速路)when his father took him back to his home province Fujian during a summer vacation about a year ago. ＂I found some toilets had no water and had a terrible smell. I thought I should invent something.＂ he said. ＂It’s great to win the medal,＂ he said. ＂I hope one day my invention can develop into a product and serve more people.＂
Wujiashan High School started an inventing program in 2004 and made ＂life and invention＂ a necessary course for its students. Its students have developed more than 4,700 inventions. Nearly 500 have won invention prizes in China. He Jianming, the school head, said. ＂The inventing program helps students become active and creative in thinking.＂
1. The three students who won gold medals are from ___________.
A. the different schools B. the same school
C. the different classes. D. the same class
2. We can learn that the service center on the express way to Zhong Juncheng’s hometown had a really_____ condition.
A. simple B. poor C. comfortable D. excellent
3. ___________ invention is used in a car.
A. Wang Yujie’s B. Xue Jigang’s
C. Zhong Juncheng’s D. He Jianming’s
4. Which of the following is TRUE about the three inventors?
A. Xue Jigang’s invention is useful for fish keepers.
B. Wang Yujie is in Grade Two in Wujiashan High School.
C. Zhong Juncheng’s hometown is in Hubei Province.
D. Zhong Juncheng’s invention helps a lot in the bathroom.
5. We can learn from the last paragraph that the inventing program in the school .
A. is a great success B. is famous in the world now
C. has been on for twenty years D. helps to change students’ life
【专题讲义】2020年中考英语一轮复习
专题41 阅读理解之说明文知识点、考点及考题专题精讲（解析版）
＂英语说明文＂，顾名思义，就是一种以＂说明、解释＂为主要表达方式的英语文体。它是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等作科学解说的。它既不像故事那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；更不像科幻作品那样富于想象和虚构夸张。说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，使人们增长知识和技能。说明文是高考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，便于高校分层次选拔人才。然而对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度大。高考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。
说明文阅读理解的特征
一般说来，英语说明文与其他文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即who → what → when → where → how → why。
1. who：问的是这篇文章的主体是谁？(即所要说明和描述的人或事物)
2. what：问的是主体做了什么事情？(即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途)
3. when和where：是在何时何地发生的？(即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途)
4. how：通过什么方式表现出来的？
5. why：这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？
做说明文阅读理解题的时候，一定要记住上面的wh-word。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文。
A
Welcome to London! Now let me tell you something about this wonderful city. London, the capital of the United Kingdom, is the biggest city in Western Europe with over 7 million people. It sits by the River Thames. London has a history of more than 2000 years. Because all over the world are familiar with the city’s red double-decker (双层的) buses and black taxis.
People
The British Empire used to rule around the world, so many people from around the world moved to London. They have brought with them their own languages and cultures. More than 300 different languages are spoken in London.
Culture
London is known for its museums. One important museum is British Museum. It is the oldest public museum in the world. There are two main art museums in London: the National Gallery and the Tate Gallery. Besides, London is also home to arts, such as theatre and music. The Globe Theatre, which was popular in the late 16th and 17th centuries, was opened for performances of William Shakespeare’s central London.
Tourist attractions
London has many wonderful places to visit. For example, the well-known Clock Tower, a 320-foot-high tower, was called the Big Ben. Another famous London building is Buckingham Palace. The members of royal (皇家的) family of England live there. Besides, Hyde Park is the largest open area in central London.
1. What’s the population of London?
A. Less than 7 million. B. Only 7 million.
C. More than 7 million. D. Nearly 7 million.
2. How many museums are there in London according to the passage?
A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five
3. The members of royal family of England live in ________.
A. the Big Ben B. Buckingham Palace
C. Hyde Park D. British Museum
4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned (提及) in the passage?
A. The Location of London.
B. The history of London.
C. The interesting places in London.
D. The food in London.
5. From the passage, we can know that ________.
A. more than 300 different languages are spoken in London
B. the Globe Theatre has less than 300 years’ history
C. the Big Ben is a 320-foot-high clock
D. London is the biggest city in Europe
B
Different gestures (手势) mean different things in different countries. Sometimes a gesture that is polite in one country is not polite in another and should not be used. Different meanings of gestures can also cause problems in understanding what another person is trying to say. A gesture that many people do not understand is one that uses the thumb. Most westerners will sometimes show that they like something by holding out a closed hand with the thumb lifting in the air. This is called give someone or something ＂the thumbs up＂. Often, only one thumb is used, so it should be ＂the thumb up＂.
The usual explanation (解释) for the origin of this gesture is not really correct. It says that in ancient Roman times, when people were pleased with the way a gladiator (角斗士) had fought, they showed their thumbs up. When they were not pleased, they gave the thumbs down. When a gladiator was given the thumbs up, the emperor allowed him to live. When a gladiator was given the thumbs down, the emperor ordered him to be killed.
The truth is, however, it was translated into a wrong meaning by mistake. If people wanted to save the gladiator, they put out their hands and hid their thumbs in their hands. If they wanted the gladiator to die, they pointed their thumbs straight at him.
1. Westerners lift their thumbs when they ________.
A. want someone to die B. like something
C. want to go to a playground D. want someone to live
2. Most people think that in ancient Rome, ＂thumbs up＂ meant that ________.
A. the emperor could die
B. the people wanted the gladiator to live
C. the fighting could continue
D. the people were not pleased
3. In fact, if people wanted a gladiator to live, they ________.
A. hid their thumbs B. pointed their thumbs down
C. lifted their thumbs up D. pointed their thumbs at him
4. From the article we know that ________.
A. different gestures have different meanings in different countries
B. a friendly gesture is always the same in different countries
C. the meaning of ＂thumbs up＂ is the same both now and the past
D. we should often use the thumbs
5. The main idea of this article is about ________.
A. gestures around the world
B. closed thumbs
C. gestures in ancient Rome
D. the thumbs-up gesture
(一)【2019 ? 重庆市中考】
Cinyee Chiu, an artist from Taiwan, is always happy to try something new. Her amazing works won lots of prizes. Among them, ＂24 Solar Terms(节气)＂ is the most popular.
Ancient Chinese divided a year into 24 parts according to the changes of the weather. It’s the 24 solar terms. But not everyone knows them well. Cinyee Chiu put the 24 solar terns in pictures to help people understand them better.
Cinyee turned each solar term into an animal. But these animals are not just animals. You can also find seasonal fruits, vegetables or beautiful flowers on them.
When spring comes, water gets warm and fish start to swim around. So Cinyee chose fish as a symbol of Start of Spring. Also, she drew spring vegetables, Chinese chives on the back of the fish.
White Dew falls on about Sept. 8. It shows the beginning of the cool autumn. There are colorful leaves and cooler nights at this time of year. As the temperature falls, white dew(露珠) is often seen on the grass and trees at night. For White Dew, Cinyee chose a raccoon—a small animal with thick hair. She drew white spots(小圆点) on the raccoon to show dew. And she used the dragon fruit to show the rich colors in autumn.
The young artist really gave the ancient Chinese culture a new look.
1. The writer gave ___________ examples to show Cinyee’s ＂24 Solar Terms＂.
A. two B. three C. four D. five
2. From Paragraph 5, we know that ___________.
A. a raccoon likes fish
B. Start of Spring falls on about Dec. 8
C. White Dew shows the end of the autumn
D. Cinyee used white spots to show dew
3. According to the passage, Picture ___________ can’t be from Cinyee’s ＂24 Solar Terms＂.
A. B. C. D.
4. The writer mainly wants to talk about ___________.
A. why Cinyee made herself known
B. who divided a year into 24 parts
C. how Cinyee showed the 24 solar terms
D. what Start of Spring and White Dew mean
(二)【2019 ? 浙江省温州市】
Many objects in the universe are invisible, but they send radio waves. The radio telescope thus appeared, and it is considered one of the greatest inventions in the twentieth century. Reber built the world’s first radio telescope in 1937. Ryle and Hewish developed radio telescope systems for the location of weak radio sources, and they shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974.
A radio telescope is usually made up of:
One or more antennas to collect the radio waves. Most antennas are made in the shape of a dish to collect and reflect, the radio waves to the sub-reflector, in the same way as a curved mirror focuses visible light to one point.
A receiver and amplifier to receive the radio waves from the sub-reflector, and make these weak radio waves strong enough to be recorded and turned into electronic signals. To make an amplifier sensitive enough, it is usually cooled to, very low temperatures (e. g. as low as -270℃).
A recorder to keep a record of the electronic signals. Most: radio telescopes today keep the signals to the computer’s memory disk for astronomers to analyze later.
Radio wavelengths are much longer than those of visible light, and the radio waves from deep space are always weak. To catch Radio wavelengths are much longer than those of visible light, and the radio waves from deep space are always weak. To catch these waves, radio telescopes usually have huge antennas. The sizes of most antennas in use today are around 50 to 300 metres in diameter. The antenna of FAST in Guizhou, China, the latest and largest radio telescope in the world, is 500 metres in diameter, as large as the size of 30 football fields.
To avoid interferences, and keep the telescopes sensitive, radio telescopes are built in places where there are no human radio waves or electronic signals. For example, FAST is 5 kilometres away from the closest village and 25 kilometres away from the nearest town.
Radio telescopes create pictures of the sky, not in visible light, but in radio waves. This is extremely useful, because there are objects that can’t be seen, objects that we wouldn’t even know without radio telescopes.
5. Radio telescopes help collect ___________ from the universe
A. light B. objects C. radio waves D. visible signals
6. Most antennas of radio telescopes are made in the shape of a dish to ___________.
A. make the antennas strong enough
B. increase the number of radio waves
C. turn radio waves into electronic signals
D. focus radio waves on the sub-reflector
7. The underlined word "interferences" in the passage refers to ___________.
A. the noises made by villagers and animals
B. the sounds from the radios and televisions
C. the people who go to Guizhou to watch FAST work
D. the radio waves and electronic signals from humans
8. What have we done with the help of radio telescopes?
A. We have received pictures of deep space.
B. We have discovered unknown lives in the universe.
C. We have found some unknown objects in the universe.
D. We have turned the radio waves from space into light.
(三)【2019 ? 浙江省衢州市】
The world has a plastics problem. And not just with bottles. Straws(吸管), toothbrushes, toys—all kinds of plastics are placed in landfills. There are 5 billion tons of plastic waste in the world. Landfills have a large part of it. By 2050, they could have 13 billion tons.
Much of plastic rubbish finds its way into the ocean. Scientists say 165 million tons of plastic pieces are floating around out there. And most plastic won’t disappear itself. It will remain in the ocean forever. Whales get caught in plastic fishing nets. Birds die because of eating plastic straws and bottle caps. It endangers ocean life. Plastic rubbish even ends up in the food we eat.
Governments are realizing that recycling may not be enough. They are taking more actions. Though it is hard work, it is still a solvable problem. In Britain, people are not allowed to use plastic bags except in hospitals. Scotland and several coastal cities in the US stop people from using plastic straws as well. The US alone throws away some 500 million plastic straws a day. That’s enough to circle the Earth twice. ＂Saying no to a plastic straw is an easy way to make a big difference,＂ Dana Lofflin who started www.strawfree.org said. ＂Do we really want to pass on to our children a world harmed by plastic?＂
People have found some tasty ways to reduce waste. A company in India made the first-ever spoon that people can eat. You don’t have to eat the spoon. You can throw it away. It decomposes(分解) in just a few days. David Edwards, a scientist at Harvard University, designed an eatable bag which can protect the food or drink inside. It is a delicious replacement for plastic ones.
9. According to the write, birds die because they ___________.
A. eat bottle caps and straws B. get caught in fishing nets
C. feed on ocean animals D. have the spoons in India
10. The underlined word "endangers " in Paragraph 2 probably means ___________.
A. brings B. loses C. harms D. saves
11. The purpose of the passage is mainly to ___________.
A. introduce some ways to recycle waste
B. tell readers about the problem with plastics
C. compare air pollution and plastic pollution
D. describe how the US is reducing plastic waste
12. From the passage, we can tell that the plastics problem ___________.
A. is too big for people to solve
B. can be solved by recycling alone
C. can be solved, but it won’t be easy
D. will have to be solved by future scientists
(四)(2018年浙江金华中考)
Teenagers are known for being creative and full of new ideas. Let’s have a look at these teenage inventions that might change the world.
Banana leaves usually go bad in two or three days. Tenith Adithyaa, a teenager from India, used UV to make the leaves stay fresh for a year. Tenith thinks that one day the leaves will be used for making plates, cups and other things.
David Cohen, an American teenager, built an earthworm(蚯蚓) robot. It is able to go into the smallest places, where humans or dogs can’t go. It will be used for finding people in a fire or an earthquake.
Remya Jose, a 14-year-old from India, found it tiring and boring to handwash clothes in the nearby river. She reused some bicycle parts and created a washing machine that saves time, energy and keeps people fit at the same time.
Kenneth Shinozuku, a 15-year-old from New York, noticed that his grandfather who got Alzheimer＇s disease(老年痴呆) would often leave home and get lost. So he invented the wearable sensors(感应器)to help people find their family members like his grandfather.
16. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Popular ads B. Useful machines
C. Strange pictures. D. Teenage inventions
17. The earthworm robot by David Cohen can _________.
A. make things stay fresh B. help people wash clothes
C. go into the smallest places D. take care of the old people
18. Which of the following is TRUE
A. Plates and cups are made of fresh banana leaves.
B. Remya’s washing machine can also keep people fit.
C. David Cohen is a middle school student from India.
D. Kenneth’s wearable sensors will keep old people at home.
A
(2017学年瑞安市玉海实验中学九年级上期中)About 96% of young people in the UK usually use the internet to communicate according to a survey of 24,000 British people aged 9-11. A report shows that only 40% of young people know that personal information shared online stays online forever. There are about 250 million tweets generated every day and around 800 million Facebook users—that means a lot of information is shared online. So are young using the internet safely?
Do you know how to change your privacy settings on social media? For example, you can click the ＂flower’ icon＂or ＂settings＂ on Facebook to get to your privacy settings. Then you can decide who sees your posts and personal information: friends, friends of friends or everyone. Do you want everyone in the world to be able to see your email address or just friends?
The BBC Share Take Care campaign is all about helping everybody, from little kids to the over 55s, to make their online activity safer and protect themselves on the web. The campaign says adults and teenagers need to be more careful with personal information and images online.
Everybody knows that we should be polite and kind to people in real life and online. Unluckily this doesn’t always happen. Where can you report online abuse or unkind messages to yourself or your friends? Do you know how to report such messages online? For example, if you see an unkind tweet on Twitter you can click on＂more＂ and then choose ＂Report tweet＂. You then block all further tweets from that user.
1. How many young people know shared information stays online forever according to the report?
A. Very few. B. Less than a half.
C. More than a half. D. Almost everyone
2. The second paragraph mainly tells us _________.
A. how to use Facebook
B. how to change our email address
C. how to change our privacy settings
D. how to protect our personal information
3. What’s the purpose of the BBC Share Take Care campaign?
A. To help adults to surf the Internet.
B. To help people to stay safe online.
C. To help kids to protect themselves online.
D. To help teenagers to be careful with their information
4. When you see an unkind message, you are advised to ___________.
A. save it B. forget it C. ignore it D. report it
B
The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th of the first month of the lunar calendar. This day is always the first full moon in the New Year. Ancient people also called it Shangyuan Festival. Celebrations and traditions on this day began from the Han Dynasty and became popular in the Tang Dynasty.
Watching the red lanterns is one of the main traditions. Lanterns of different shapes and sizes are usually put on trees, or along river banks on show. It is said that sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Kongming to ask for help when he was in trouble. Today, when the lanterns slowly rise into the air, people make wishes.
Another tradition is guessing lantern riddles. The riddles are usually short, wise, and sometimes humorous. The answer to a riddle can be a Chinese character, a famous person’s name, or a place name.
The most important thing is to eat sweet dumplings with different tastes. In northern China, they are called yuan xiao while in southern part they’re named tang yuan. Because making sweet dumplings is like a game or an activity, they are usually done happily by a group of friends or family members.
In old times, the Lantern Festival was also romantic. Watching lanterns gave young people a chance to meet each other. A line from Xin Qiji a poet during the Song Dynasty, shows this;
Hundreds and thousands of times I searched for her in the crowed. Suddenly I turned，and there she stood，in the dim light.
1. What were sky lanterns first used for by Zhuge Kongming in ancient times?
A. Making wishes. B. Celebrating birthdays.
C. Playing games D. Asking for help.
2. The line from Xin Qiji in the passage shows the Lantern Festival was in old times.
A. boring B. humorous C. romantic D. popular
C
In June, three students from the same high school in Wujiashan High School, Hubei Province each won a gold medal at an important invention trade show in the United States.
One of them is Wang Yujie. Her invention can control the oxygen level itself in pools day and night. Usually, fish keepers increase oxygen in fish pools by hand, and it’s hard work, but now they can save a lot of strength.
Another winner Xue Jigang is also in the first year of high school. Xue’s invention is an in-car system(系统). The third winner’s invention could be used more widely. Zhong Juncheng told the local newspaper that his idea of an automatic(自动的) toilet came from an unpleasant experience at a service center on the expressway(高速路)when his father took him back to his home province Fujian during a summer vacation about a year ago. ＂I found some toilets had no water and had a terrible smell. I thought I should invent something.＂ he said. ＂It’s great to win the medal,＂ he said. ＂I hope one day my invention can develop into a product and serve more people.＂
Wujiashan High School started an inventing program in 2004 and made ＂life and invention＂ a necessary course for its students. Its students have developed more than 4,700 inventions. Nearly 500 have won invention prizes in China. He Jianming, the school head, said. ＂The inventing program helps students become active and creative in thinking.＂
1. The three students who won gold medals are from ___________.
A. the different schools B. the same school
C. the different classes. D. the same class
2. We can learn that the service center on the express way to Zhong Juncheng’s hometown had a really_____ condition.
A. simple B. poor C. comfortable D. excellent
3. ___________ invention is used in a car.
A. Wang Yujie’s B. Xue Jigang’s
C. Zhong Juncheng’s D. He Jianming’s
4. Which of the following is TRUE about the three inventors?
A. Xue Jigang’s invention is useful for fish keepers.
B. Wang Yujie is in Grade Two in Wujiashan High School.
C. Zhong Juncheng’s hometown is in Hubei Province.
D. Zhong Juncheng’s invention helps a lot in the bathroom.
5. We can learn from the last paragraph that the inventing program in the school .
A. is a great success B. is famous in the world now
C. has been on for twenty years D. helps to change students’ life
A
【文章大意】文章介绍了伦敦的语言、文化和名胜古迹。
1. C 【解析】句意：伦敦的人口是多少？根据London, the capital of the United Kingdom, is the biggest city in Western Europe with over 7 million people.可知选C。
2. B 【解析】句意：伦敦有多少博物馆？根据One important museum is British Museum.和There are two main art museums in London可知选B。
3. B 【解析】句意：英国的皇室成员住在……。根据Another famous London building is Buckingham Palace. The members of royal (皇家的) family of England live there. 可知选B。
4. D 【解析】句意：哪个没被提到？根据It sits by the River Thames.可知A提到了；London has a history of more than 2, 000 years.可知B提到了；London has many wonderful places to visit. For example, the well-known Clock Tower, a 320-foot-high tower, was called the Big Ben. Another famous London building is Buckingham Palace.可知C提到了，故选D。
5. A 【解析】句意：我们知道……。根据More than 300 different languages are spoken in London.可知选A。
B
【文章大意】文章主要讲述了一个手势在不同的国家有不同的意思。
1. B 【解析】根据Most westerners will sometimes show that they like something by holding out a closed hand with the thumb lifting in the air.大部分西方人握拳并伸出大拇指是为了表达他们喜欢某物，故选B。
2. B 【解析】根据When a gladiator was given the thumbs up, the emperor allowed him to live.当人们对一个角斗士做出大拇指向上的手势时，国王会让他活下去。故选B。
3. A 【解析】根据If people wanted to save the gladiator, they put out their hands and hid their thumbs in their hands.可知，如果人们想让角斗士活下去时，他们伸出手来，将大拇指藏进拳头里。故选A。
4. A 【解析】根据Different gestures (手势) mean different things in different countries.可知A是正确的；Sometimes a gesture that is polite in one country is not polite in another and should not be used.可知B不对；The truth is, however, it was translated into a wrong meaning by mistake.可知C不对；文章只是介绍了大拇指的相关手势，没有要求我们经常使用大拇指，所以D不对；故选A。
5. D 【解析】文章以大拇指的手势为例，告诉我们一个手势在不同的国家有不同的意思，故选D。
(一)
【文章大意】本文介绍了来自台湾的艺术家Cinyee Chiu是如何用动物来展示24节气的。Cinyee把每个节气都变成了一种动物。并且通过两个例子：鱼代表立春；浣熊代表白露。来加以说明。最后说明了这位年轻的艺术家使中国古代文化焕然一新。
1. A【解析】细节理解题。根据句子So Cinyee chose fish as a symbol of Start of Spring. 因此，Cinyee选择鱼作为立春的象征。和句子For White Dew, Cinyee chose a raccoon—a small animal with thick hair. She drew white spots(小圆点) on the raccoon to show dew. 对于白露这一节气，Cinyee Chiu选择了一只浣熊——一种长着浓密毛发的小动物。她在浣熊身上画了白点(小圆点)来表示露水。可知，作者举了两个例子来说明Cinyee的＂24节气＂。故选A。
2. D【解析】细节理解题。根据Cinyee chose a raccoon—a small animal with thick hair. Cinyee选择了一只浣熊——一种长着浓密毛发的小动物。可知，A不对；选项B的句子Start of Spring falls on about Dec. 8. 立春大约在12月8日左右。短文中并没有提到，因此B不正确；根据原文White Dew falls on about Sept. 8. It shows the beginning of the cool autumn.白露在9月8日左右。它显示了凉爽的秋天的开始。因此选项C. White Dew shows the end of the autumn白露表示秋末。是错误的；根据第五段的句子She drew white spots(小圆点) on the raccoon to show dew. 她在浣熊身上画了白点(小圆点)来表示露水。可知，Cinyee使用白点来显示露水。因此本题正确的答案为D。
3. D【解析】细节理解题。题干问哪一幅图不可能来自Cinyee的24 节气。根据Cinyee turned each solar term into an animal. Cinyee可知，Cinyee把每个节气都变成了一种动物。而图片D是＂画了一只鸟的立春图＂，是挂历性质的一幅图片，所以该选项不可能来自于Cinyee的24 节气。故选D。
4. C【解析】主旨大意题。根据Among them, ＂24 Solar Terms(节气)＂ is the most popular. 其中，＂24节气＂最受欢迎。以及下文的两个例子，主要用来说明Cinyee是如何用动物图片来展示24个节气的。所以选C。
(二)
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了无线电天文望远镜，详细介绍了它的发明、构成、工作原理、作用等。
5. C【解析】细节理解题。根据文中的信息A radio telescope is usually made up of：One or more antennas to collect the radio waves.可知，无线天文望远镜帮助收集宇宙中的无线电波，故答案选C。
6. D【解析】细节理解题。根据文中的信息Most antennas are made in the shape of a dish to collect and reflect, the radio waves to the sub-reflector, in the same way as a curved mirror focuses visible light to one point.可知，大多数无线天文望远镜的天线都是碟形的，用来将无线电波聚焦在副反射器上，故答案选D。
7. D【解析】词义猜测题。根据下文and keep the telescopes sensitive, radio telescopes are built in places where there are no human radio waves or electronic signals.可知是为了避免干扰，保持望远镜的灵敏度，无线天文电望远镜建在没有人类无线电波或电子信号的地方。所以"interferences"指的是来自人类的无线电波和电子信号，故答案选D。
8. C【解析】细节理解题。根据文中的信息This is extremely useful, because there are objects that can’t be seen, objects that we wouldn’t even know without radio telescopes.可推知，在无线天文望远镜的帮助下，我们发现了宇宙中一些未知的物体，故答案选C。
(三)
【文章大意】本文讲述了关于塑料问题。塑料废料越来越多。到2050年，他们可能有130亿吨。许多塑料垃圾都能进入海洋。它危及海洋生物。塑料垃圾甚至最终会进入我们吃的食物中。各国政府正正在采取更多的行动。塑料问题是可以解决，但不容易。
9. A【解析】题意：据报道，鸟类死亡是因为__________。考查细节理解。根据第2段第6句Birds die because of eating plastic straws and bottle caps.(鸟死于吃塑料吸管和瓶盖。)可知＂鸟类死亡是因为鸟吃塑料吸管和瓶盖＂；故选A。
10. C【解析】题意：第2段中下画线单词＂endangers＂可能意思是__________。考查词义猜测。A. brings带来；B. loses失去；C. harms伤害；D. saves拯救。根据上文Whales get caught in plastic fishing nets. Birds die because of eating plastic straws and bottle caps.(鲸鱼被塑料渔网捕获。鸟死于吃塑料吸管和瓶盖。)描述可知＂此句It endangers ocean life.句意是：它危害海洋生物。＂根据句意可知＂endangers＂可能意思是＂harms＂；选C。
11. B【解析】题意：这篇文章的目的主要是__________。考查主旨理解。本文讲述了关于塑料问题。根据本文主要内容可知这篇文章的目的主要是告诉读者塑料的问题；故选B。
12. C【解析】题意：从文章中我们可以看出塑料问题__________。考查主旨理解。根据第3段第3句Though it is hard work, it is still a solvable problem.(虽然工作很辛苦，但仍然是一个可以解决的问题。)可知从文章中我们可以看出塑料问题可以解决，但不容易；故选C。
(四)
【文章大意】短文展示了青少年的4项发明创造。如何使树叶保鲜；蚯蚓机器人；自行车部件改装的洗衣机；可穿戴的传感器。
16. D【解析】主旨大意题。根据表格前面的句子“Let’s have a look at these teenage inventions that might change the world.” 让我们来看看这些可能改变世界的青少年的发明。可知短文展示了青少年的一些发明创造，故答案选D。
17. C【解析】细节理解题。根据表格第二栏中的句子“David Cohen, an American teenager, built an earthworm(蚯蚓) robot. It is able to go into the smallest places,”可知，David Cohen的蚯蚓机器人可以进入最小的地方。故答案选C。
18. B【解析】判断正误题。根据表格第三栏中的句子“She reused some bicycle parts and created a washing machine that saves time, energy and keeps people fit at the same time.” 雷米发明的这种洗衣机也能让人们保持健康。故B答案正确。
A
【文章大意】本文介绍了如何在网上保护自己的隐私以及如何安全上网。
1. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据A report shows that only 40% of young people know that personal information shared online stays online forever.可知只有40%也就是不到一半的年轻人知道个人信息在网上共享，永远保持在线，故选B。
2. C 【解析】概括归纳题。根据Do you know how to change your privacy settings on social media?可知第二段主要讲述了如何改变我们的隐私设置，故选C。
3. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据The BBC Share Take Care campaign is all about helping everybody, from little kids to the over 55, to make their online activity safer and protect themselves on the web.可知BBC＂关爱行动＂是为了帮助人们安全上网，故选B。
4. C 【解析】推理判断题。根据For example, if you see an unkind tweet on Twitter you can click on ＂more＂ and then choose ＂Report tweet＂. You then block all further tweets from that user.可知当你看见不友善的短文，你可以选择了解更多，也可以阻止读该短文，也就是忽视它，故选C。
B
【文章大意】短文介绍了我国传统节日——元宵节的风俗习惯：一是观看红灯笼，而是猜灯谜，三是吃汤圆。
1. D 【解析】题意：古代诸葛孔明最初用天灯是做什么的？细节理解题。根据句子It is said that sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Kongming to ask for help when he was in trouble.可知选D。
2. C 【解析】题意：从辛弃疾的文章中可以看出，元宵节在古代是________。综合理解题。A. boring无聊的；B. humorous幽默的；C. romantic浪漫的；D. popular流行的。根据句意和语境，结合辛弃疾的诗作内容，可知A、B、D三个选项意思都与句意不符，故选 C。
C
【文章大意】文章介绍了三个中国学生的发明在美国赢得了金奖。
1. B 【解析】句意：赢得金牌的这三个学生来自 __ 。根据In June, three students from the same high school in Wujiashan High School, Hubei Province each won a gold medal at an important invention trade show in the United States.可知选B。
2. B 【解析】句意：我们了解到在去仲俊成家乡的路上的服务区是 __ 状况。根据＂I found some toilets had no water and had a terrible smell.可知选B。
3. B 【解析】句意：谁的发明被用在汽车上？根据Another winner Xue Jigang is also in the first year of high school. Xue’s invention is an in-car system(系统).可知选B。
4. D 【解析】句意：下面关于这三个发明者的叙述哪一个是正确的？根据Zhong Juncheng told the local newspaper that his idea of an automatic(自动的) toilet came from an unpleasant experience可知选D。
5. A 【解析】句意：从最后一段我们了解到这个学校的发明项目 __。根据Wujiashan High School started an inventing program in 2004 and made ＂life and invention＂ a necessary course for its students. Its students have developed more than 4,700 inventions. Nearly 500 have won invention prizes in China.可知选A。
