牛津译林版 M3 U1 The world of our senses Grammar 复习学案
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| 名称 | 牛津译林版 M3 U1 The world of our senses Grammar 复习学案 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2020-03-03 19:33:44 | ||
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M3 Unit1 Grammar
名词性从句
1.定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为_____从句、______从句、_____从句和_______从句。
主语从句：通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
例：That he is still alive is sheer luck.
他还活着全靠运气。
It is known to us all that his job is important.
众所周知，他的工作很重要。
注：在主语从句中，不能用if来引导，要用whether。
例：Whether he will go is not clear to us. (正)
If he will go is not clear to us. (误)
宾语从句：放在动词或介词之后。有时用it 做形式宾语，宾语从句置于句尾。
例：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.
约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
He feels it necessary that we often practice English.
他觉得我们有必要经常练习英语。
同位语从句：一般放在名词之后，所起到的作用是说明名词的内容。（fact ,hope , idea, word=news, doubt, suggestion, belief, opinion, decision , truth, promise, rule…）若同位语从句 较长，而主句较短时，常会把同位语从句置于句尾。
例：I have no doubt that he will win.
我不怀疑他会赢。
表语从句：放在be/系动词之后。
例：The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.
事实就是大雾太浓，公交车走不了那么远。
巩固练习
划出下面句子中的从句，并说明是什么从句
1. She sensed that she was being watched. ________
2. I’m interested in who that tall man is. ________
3. Whether he’ll be able to come is not yet known. ________
4. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to that far. ________
5. The fact that Polly didn’t ask for the man’s name is a pity. ________
6. The news that you told us is exciting. ________
7. That I can pay back the help that people give me makes me happy. _____
8. It has not been decided who will go with us. _____________
9. That is what we agreed on at the meeting. ________________
10. It is still a mystery whether there are Yetis in the world. _____________
11. We all think it necessary that we should learn a foreign language.
2.语序： 所有的名词性从句都用____________语序。
3.关联词：可分三类
连接词： that(连接作用/无意义,从句结构和意义完整;引导动词宾语从句可省略；当两个that从句并列做宾语从句时，第二个that不能省略。) , whether, if (连接作用/是否，从句结构完整但意义缺少；if 只引导动词宾语从句且不与or not，to do 连用)
连接代词:what , whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which，
whichever(连接作用，有词意，充当句子成分)
连接副词：when, whenever, where ,wherever, how, however, why（连接作用，有词意，充当句子成分）
4.考点 1）区分同位语从句与定语从句 （方法：定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，而同位语从句则解释说明前面名词的具体内容。）
Do you know the fact that he stole the car?
同位语从句（从句结构完整，that只起连接作用）
Do you know the fact that they were talking about? 定语从句(that在从句中作about宾语)
练习：判断是同位语从句还是定语从句
The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year. ____________
The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.___________
2) whether 和 if 的用法
1）yes-no型疑问从句
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同。例如：
主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved.
这一计划是否可行还有等证实。
宾语：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.
请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money.
问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.
他们调查这个男人是否值得信赖。
形容词宾语： She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come.
她怀疑我们是否能够前来。
介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.
我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。
2）选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whether…or not构成。
例如：
Please tell me whether/if they are Swedish or Danish.
请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
I don't care whether you like the plan or not.
我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。
巩固练习：
1. I asked her __________ she had a bike.
2. ________ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
3. We’re worried about ________ he is safe.
4. The question is ________ he should do it.
5. I don’t know ________ or not he is well.
3) that 用法
1) 由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。
That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语（动词宾语从句可省略that）、表语、同位语和形容词宾语。
例如：
主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。
宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.
约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是最近谁也没有见过他。
同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
最近谁也没有见过他，这一情况令办公室所有的人不安。
形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
2）That-从句做主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末。
例如：
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.
很明显，整个计划注定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。
巩固练习：
1. I don’t think ________ she is coming.
2. It is a pity ________ he has made such a mistake.
3. The reason is _________ he is careless.
4. The news ________ our team won the match inspired us.
5. I don’t think it necessary _________ you should read English aloud.
6. He told me ________ his father had died and ______ he had to make a living alone.
参考答案：
1. 定义：
主语 宾语 表语 同位语
巩固练习：1. 宾语2. 宾语 3. 主语 4. 表语 5. 同位语6. 定语 7. 第一个that 从句 主语从句 第二个that 从句 定语从句 8. 主语 9. 表语 10. 主语 11. 宾语
2. 语序： 陈述句
3. 考点：1） 定语 表语 ； 同位语
2）1. if/whether 2-5 全部用whether
3) 1. that或省略 2.that 3. that 4.that 5. that 6. 省略；that
1 / 4
名词性从句
1.定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为_____从句、______从句、_____从句和_______从句。
主语从句：通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
例：That he is still alive is sheer luck.
他还活着全靠运气。
It is known to us all that his job is important.
众所周知，他的工作很重要。
注：在主语从句中，不能用if来引导，要用whether。
例：Whether he will go is not clear to us. (正)
If he will go is not clear to us. (误)
宾语从句：放在动词或介词之后。有时用it 做形式宾语，宾语从句置于句尾。
例：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.
约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
He feels it necessary that we often practice English.
他觉得我们有必要经常练习英语。
同位语从句：一般放在名词之后，所起到的作用是说明名词的内容。（fact ,hope , idea, word=news, doubt, suggestion, belief, opinion, decision , truth, promise, rule…）若同位语从句 较长，而主句较短时，常会把同位语从句置于句尾。
例：I have no doubt that he will win.
我不怀疑他会赢。
表语从句：放在be/系动词之后。
例：The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.
事实就是大雾太浓，公交车走不了那么远。
巩固练习
划出下面句子中的从句，并说明是什么从句
1. She sensed that she was being watched. ________
2. I’m interested in who that tall man is. ________
3. Whether he’ll be able to come is not yet known. ________
4. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to that far. ________
5. The fact that Polly didn’t ask for the man’s name is a pity. ________
6. The news that you told us is exciting. ________
7. That I can pay back the help that people give me makes me happy. _____
8. It has not been decided who will go with us. _____________
9. That is what we agreed on at the meeting. ________________
10. It is still a mystery whether there are Yetis in the world. _____________
11. We all think it necessary that we should learn a foreign language.
2.语序： 所有的名词性从句都用____________语序。
3.关联词：可分三类
连接词： that(连接作用/无意义,从句结构和意义完整;引导动词宾语从句可省略；当两个that从句并列做宾语从句时，第二个that不能省略。) , whether, if (连接作用/是否，从句结构完整但意义缺少；if 只引导动词宾语从句且不与or not，to do 连用)
连接代词:what , whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which，
whichever(连接作用，有词意，充当句子成分)
连接副词：when, whenever, where ,wherever, how, however, why（连接作用，有词意，充当句子成分）
4.考点 1）区分同位语从句与定语从句 （方法：定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，而同位语从句则解释说明前面名词的具体内容。）
Do you know the fact that he stole the car?
同位语从句（从句结构完整，that只起连接作用）
Do you know the fact that they were talking about? 定语从句(that在从句中作about宾语)
练习：判断是同位语从句还是定语从句
The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year. ____________
The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.___________
2) whether 和 if 的用法
1）yes-no型疑问从句
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同。例如：
主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved.
这一计划是否可行还有等证实。
宾语：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.
请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money.
问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.
他们调查这个男人是否值得信赖。
形容词宾语： She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come.
她怀疑我们是否能够前来。
介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.
我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。
2）选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whether…or not构成。
例如：
Please tell me whether/if they are Swedish or Danish.
请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
I don't care whether you like the plan or not.
我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。
巩固练习：
1. I asked her __________ she had a bike.
2. ________ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
3. We’re worried about ________ he is safe.
4. The question is ________ he should do it.
5. I don’t know ________ or not he is well.
3) that 用法
1) 由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。
That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语（动词宾语从句可省略that）、表语、同位语和形容词宾语。
例如：
主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。
宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.
约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是最近谁也没有见过他。
同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
最近谁也没有见过他，这一情况令办公室所有的人不安。
形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
2）That-从句做主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末。
例如：
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.
很明显，整个计划注定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。
巩固练习：
1. I don’t think ________ she is coming.
2. It is a pity ________ he has made such a mistake.
3. The reason is _________ he is careless.
4. The news ________ our team won the match inspired us.
5. I don’t think it necessary _________ you should read English aloud.
6. He told me ________ his father had died and ______ he had to make a living alone.
参考答案：
1. 定义：
主语 宾语 表语 同位语
巩固练习：1. 宾语2. 宾语 3. 主语 4. 表语 5. 同位语6. 定语 7. 第一个that 从句 主语从句 第二个that 从句 定语从句 8. 主语 9. 表语 10. 主语 11. 宾语
2. 语序： 陈述句
3. 考点：1） 定语 表语 ； 同位语
2）1. if/whether 2-5 全部用whether
3) 1. that或省略 2.that 3. that 4.that 5. that 6. 省略；that
1 / 4