牛津译林8下Unit 1 Past and Present 教案

Unit 1 Past and present
Welcome to the unit
Teaching Aims:
Learn some expressions on transport at different times and arouse the Ss’ interest in learning this unit.
Step 1 Warm-up
Talk about the ways of going to school in pairs like this:
A: How do you usually go to school?
B: …
A: How did your parents go to school when they were students?
B: …
Step 2 Transport at different times
Learn some transport at different times by show the pictures, then complete A on page 7.
Step 3 Listen and complete the form.
Listen to the conversation between Millie and Dad, then complete the form.
? Dad Millie
Go to school By ____. By ____.
Why or Why not take a bus? There were ____ ______ people and it took a _____ _____ to wait. It’s _____ and _____.

Step 4 Pair work
Work in pairs and take turns to talk about it. Use the conversation as a model.
? Past Present
go to school on foot, by bike / bus by bike / bus/ underground
go around the city by bus by bus / taxi / car
go to other cities by coach by coach / train / plane
Step 5 Listen and answer
Listen to the conversation between Eddie and Hobo and answer the following questions:
1. Where was Hobo’s food an hour ago?
2. Who has just eaten Hobo’s food?
3. What does Hobo think of Eddie?
Step 6 Read and act
Read and act the conversation.
Step 7 Explanation
Explain the language points in the conversation:
1. Have you seen my food?
解析：此句用的是现在完成时的一般疑问句。现在完成时由“have/has + 动词过去分词形式”构成。现在完成时态主要在以下两种情形下使用:（1）表示过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态；（2）表示过去已完成对现在有一定影响的动作。
否定形式为：主语 + haven’t /hasn’t + 过去分词
疑问形式：Have/ Has + 主语 + 过去分词 …？
肯、否定回答：Yes, 代词 + have/has.
No, 代词 + haven’t/ hasn’t.
e.g.
I’ve just eaten it. 我刚吃了它。
You’ve changed. 你变了。
She has lived here for ten years. 她在这住10年了。
— Have you finished your homework? 你完成家庭作业了吗？
— No, I haven’t. 不，没有完成。
★ haven’t = have not hasn’t = has not
I’ve = I have You’ve = You have
2. 本课中出现的过去分词有：
see — saw — seen
eat — ate — eaten
change — changed — changed
3. You used to share food with me!
解析：used to do sth. 过去（经常）做某事（现在已经不做了）。
e.g. He used to do exercise in the park every morning, but now he stops because of the awful air. 他过去每天早晨在公园锻炼，但现在因为空气质量差而停止了。
Step 8 Exercise
Ⅰ. 根据语境，用括号内所给动词的适当时态或适当形式填空。
1. —Is your father at home now?
—No. He __________(take) a bus to work half an hour ago.
2. —Jim, you are watching TV again! Why not do your homework?
—But I __________(finish) my homework.
3. —I went to the cinema last night, but I didn’t see you there.
—Because I __________(have) no ticket.
4. —Hong Kong was a fishing village over one hundred years ago.
—Oh, really? It __________(change) so much.
5. I used to __________(live) in London.
Ⅱ. 根据各题后括号内的要求，改写下列句子，每空一词（含缩略形式）。
1. We took the bus to Beijing Zoo yesterday. （改为同义句）
We ________ ________ Beijing Zoo ________ ________ yesterday.
2. My mother spent one hour making the birthday cake for me. （改为同义句）
________ ________ my mother one hour ________ ________ the birthday cake for me.
3. Lily goes to school on foot every day.（对划线部分提问）
________ ________ Lily ________ to school every day?
4. I didn’t go to school this morning because I was ill.（对划线部分提问）
________ ________ you ________ to school this morning?
5. I have read this book. （改为一般疑问句）
________ you ________ this book?
Ⅲ. 根据汉语句子意思，完成下列英语句子，每空一词。
1. 这个地区的空气曾经很清新。
The air in this area ________ ________ ________ very fresh.
2. 我对香港的过去和现在感兴趣。
I am interested in Hong Kong’s ________ ________ ________.
3. 我刚刚吃了足够多的食物。
I ________ ________ ________ enough food.
4. 我想和你一起分享这个大蛋糕。
I want to ________ this big cake ________ you.
5. 我想了解不同时代的运输工具。
I want to learn about transport ________ ________ ________.
答案
Ⅰ. 1. took 2. have finished 3. had 4. has changed 5. live
Ⅱ. 1. went to; by bus 2. It took; to make 3. How does; go
4. Why didn’t; go 5. Have; read
Ⅲ. 1. used to be 2. past and present 3. have just eaten / had
4. share; with 5. at different times
Homework
1. Recite the two conversations.
2. Remember the new words and phrases by heart.



Reading I
Teaching Aims:
1. Learn some new words on talking about the changes in past and present.
2. Practise reading skills by learning the conversation.
Step 1 Revision
1. — Have you ________ (看见) my chocolate?
— No, I _________.
2. She has _______ (刚刚) eaten lunch.
3. I used to take the _________ (长途汽车) Nanjing.
4. Where do you work at _________ (目前)？
Discussion: What form of transport would you use to travel to Beijing? Why? Discuss this with your partner.
Step 2 New words
1) Read aloud the new words.
2) Complete the B1.
Step 3 Warming up
Enjoy some pictures about Shanghai’s past and present, then tell us the changes in your hometown to lead in the changes in Sunshine Town.
Step 4 Read and answer
1. Why does Millie want to know the changes in Sunshine Town?
2. Why does she interview Mr Chen?
Step 5 Tasks
Task 1: Read the conversation between Millie and Mr Chen quickly and silently, write a T if a sentence is true or an F if it is false.
Mr. Chen knows little about Sunshine Town.
1) Mr Chen moved away from his parents when he got married.
2) There is a large shopping mall in Sunshine Town now.
3) The steel factory once put its waste into the Sunshine River.
5) It is easy for Mr Chen to see his old friends now.
6) Amazing changes have taken place in Sunshine Town.
Task 2: Read aloud the conversation again. Sandy wants to learn more about the history of Sunshine Town. She is asking Millis some questions. Work in pairs. Complete their conversation.
Sandy: Tell me more about your interview with Mr Chen, Millie. Has he lived in Sunshine Town all his life?
Millie: Yes. He first lived with his parents in the ____________ part of town, and then moved to another flat two _________ away.
Sandy: What was the town like in the past?
Millie: There were some small ____________ and shops.
Sandy: What did Mr Chen say about the town centre?
Millie: Years ago, there was a __________ and a ________. Now there’s a new park, a new ________ and a large ______________.
Sandy: Were there any factories in Sunshine Town?
Millie: Yes. There was once a ___________ near the Sunshine River.
Task 3: Millie is going to write about the changes in Sunshine town for her history project. She has made some notes. Help her complete the sentences with the information.
? Sunshine Town (1)_________________ over the years.
? People now have (2)_________________ town.
? The (3)______ from the steel factory was once a problem. Luckily, the government took action to improve the (4)_________.
? Old people used to (5)__________________________ together.
? Old people sometimes (6)_______________ because they cannot (7)________________ as often as before.
? People think it is good to see (8)_____________________________.
Step 6 Read
Listen to the recording and read the passage following the tape.
? Past Present
What they had\have Some small _______, shops, ____________, a cinema, a _________ factory A park, a theatre, ___________
Pollution Pollution was ____________ then. The factory put ________ into the river. The government _______ the problem and took action to ________.
Mr Chen lives in Sunshine Town. After he got _______, he and his _____ moved to a new flat. In the past, there were small ________, shops, a post office and a ______ in the town. Now the town has _______ a lot. There is a park in the town centre. They also have a _______ and a shopping mall. Many of Mr Chen’s old friends have ______ away. Mr Chen feels a bit _______ from time to time.
学生开展两人小组活动，一位学生扮演Daniel的爷爷，对当地的变化很熟悉；另一位学生扮演一位电视台记者，想通过采访了解阳光镇的变化。学生可以自由设计对话。
A: Good morning, Mr Chen. I’m David from Sunshine TV. I have some questions to ask you about the changes in Sunshine Town.
B: Sure.
A: How long have you lived in Sunshine Town?
B: I have lived here since I was born.
A: Have you ever moved house?
B: Yes, I used to live in the southern part of town.
A: …
B: …
A: Thank you for your time.
B: It’s my pleasure.
Step7 Exercises
Ⅰ. 根据语境和所给汉语提示，写出所缺单词。
1. There is a lot of ________(废品) along the river near my home.
2. When I got to school, I ________(意识到) that I left my English book at home.
3. To make the ________(形势) in this country better, the UN has taken action to offer help.
4. I have visited the Great Wall twice ________(以前).
5. Have you ________(曾经) heard of VOA?
6. Wendy’s ________(丈夫) can drive well.
Ⅱ. 根据语境，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. I have a dream and I hope there will be no air ________(pollute) in the world.
2. If you don’t work hard, it will be ________(possible) to get good grades.
3. Their ________(wife) are doctors. They all work very hard.
4. Jim’s home is only three ________(block) away from his school.
5. I think it is very important for us ________(learn) English well.
6. We are very happy because the river is much ________(clean) than before.
Ⅲ. 根据上句完成下句，使上下两句意思相同或相近，每空一词。
1. The Party has changed a poor China into a rich country.
The Party has ________ a poor China ________ a rich country.
2. Hong Kong has changed a lot in the past century.
Great changes ________ ________ ________ in Hong Kong in the past century.
3. There was once a flower shop next to the post office.
There ________ ________ ________ a flower shop next to the post office.
4. We can do something to improve our English.
We can ________ ________ to ________ our English ________.
5. There is a small garden in the north of our school.
There is a small garden ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ our school.
Ⅳ. 根据汉语句子意思，完成下列英语句子，每空一词。
1. 坐火车旅行在某种程度上不同于坐飞机旅行。
Travelling by train is different from travelling by plane ________ ________ ________.
2. 刚才我感到有点儿孤独。
I ________ ________ ________ ________ just now.
3. 他们是五年前结婚的。
They ________ ________ five years ago.
4. 今天下午我们将采访刘老师。
We will ________ ________ ________ ________ Mr Liu this afternoon.
5. 那位老人过去常在这里散步。
The old man ________ ________ ________ a walk here.
6. 政府应该阻止人们把垃圾倒入河中。
The government should stop people from ________ rubbish ________ the river.
7. 下周陈叔叔将要搬走了，我将不能像以前一样经常和他见面了。
Next week, Uncle Chen will ________ ________ and I won’t see him ________ ________ _______ ________.
8. 现在是春天了，我可以不时地听到鸟儿在窗外歌唱。
It’s spring now and I can hear the birds sing outside the window ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案
Ⅰ. 1. waste 2. realized 3. situation 4. before 5. ever 6. husband
Ⅱ. 1. pollution 2. impossible 3. wives 4. blocks 5. to learn 6. cleaner
Ⅲ. 1. turned; into 2. have taken place 3. used to be
4. take action; make; better 5. in the northern part of
Ⅳ. 1. in some ways 2. felt a bit / little lonely 3. got married 4. have an interview with
5. used to have / take 6. putting / pouring; into 7. move away; as often as before
8. from time to time

Homework
Write down your conversation.

Reading II
Teaching Aims:
1. Learn the language points in this conversation.
2. Do some exercises about the language points.
Step 1 Revision
Work in pairs. Talk about Mr Chen and Sunshine Town with the help of these questions:
About Mr Chen:
1. Where did he live when he was a child?
2. Why did he move to this flat?
3. What did he use to do with his old friends?
About Sunshine Town:
1. What did people in the town have years ago?
2. What has part of the town centre turned into?
3. What did the steel factory put into the river?
4. Do you think Mr Chen lives a better life now?
Step 2 Language points:
1. I’ve lived here since I was born.
主句（用现在完成时）+ since + 从句（一般过去时）。这是现在完成时常用的一种句型结构，如：
He __________ (teach) English at this school since he ______ (come) to China.
自从他来到中国就到这所学校教英语。
2. When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks away and we’ve lived in this area since then.
Has the town changed a lot over the years?
since then 从那时起（一直到现在）
over the years 这几年期间
这两个时间状语都是现在完成时的特征性时间状语。如：
He ________ (be) a policeman since then.
Over the years, I ________ (read) lots of books about animals.
be/get married 结婚
e.g. — How long have you been married?
你结婚多久了？
— We have been married for three years. 我已经结婚有三年了。
3. Now the government has turned part of the town centre into a new park.
turn/change … into… 把……变成……
e.g. The cars blocking the exits could turn this place into a death trap.
那些堵住出口的汽车可能使这地方成为死亡陷阱。
4. Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation.
realize vt. 意识到；实现
e.g. They have realized the problem.
他们已经意识到这个问题。
We must try our best to realize our China dream. 我们必须要尽最大的努力实现我们的中国梦。
take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事
e.g. The government is taking emergency action to deal with a housing crisis. 政府正在采取紧急措施来应对住房危机。
5. Well, in some ways it is.
in some ways 在某种程度上，在某些方面
如：In some ways I agree with you.
在某种程度上我同意你的观点。
6. Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time.
from time to time 不时，偶尔
如：We have not seen each other for a long time, but we send emails from time to time.
我们已经很久没见面了，但偶尔会通邮件。
lonely 孤单的，寂寞的
alone 单独，独自 （= by oneself)
e.g. The old man lives alone, but he never feels lonely.
那个老人独自一个人生活，但他从不感到孤独。
7. Anyway, it’s good to see the amazing changes in the town.
在it is + adjective + to-infinitive 结构中，it 为形式主语，无实际意义，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。如：
It is nice to have a beautiful modern town.
有一座漂亮现代的城镇真好。
Step 3 Exercises
Mr Chen _______ ________ in Sunshine Town since he was born. He _______ the town very well. He first lived with his parents in the ________ part of town. In 1965, he moved two ______ away from his parents because he _______ _______.
The town has changed a lot. They only have some small ___________ and shops, a post office and a _________.
Now they have a new park, a new theatre and a _______ ______ ______, too.
_______ was a serious problem in the past. Now the government has taken action to ________ the _________.
Sunshine Town has turned into a ________ ________ town. Though it has become ___________ for Mr Chen to see his old friends as often as before, he thinks it’s good to see the _________ _________ in the town.
二、翻译句子：
1. 从那以后，她就独自己一人居住。
She _____ ______ _____ _____ ______.
2. 从某种程度上讲，这是项危险的工作。
____ _____ _____, it’s a dangerous job.
3. 她偶尔听听音乐。
She _____ ______ music _____ ____ ____ ______.
4. 目前人类不可能生活在月球上。
At ________, it’s ___________ _____ ________ _______ _______ on the moon.
三、根据中文提示补全句子。
1. I have known him _________________ (从我出生）， because he is my father.
2. Jim lives in the __________________
（小镇北部）.
3. The local government has ________________________ （把这个市场变成了一所学校）.
4. Tom realized his problem and __________________ （采取行动改善）his English.
5. When my parents _________ （打牌）outside, I feel _________________ （有点孤单）from time to time.
Homework
1. Remember the new words and expressions.
2. Finish the exercises on workbook.
3. Preview Grammar.
Grammar
Teaching Aims:
Learn the use of the present perfect tense.
Step 1 Revision
Answer some questions about the conversation between Mr Chen and Millie.
Model 1:
Has Sunshine Town changed a lot?
Yes, it has.
Model 2:
Have Mr Chen and his wife moved out of the town?
No, they haven’t.
Questions
1.How long has Mr Chen lived in Sunshine Town?
2. What has the government done to part of the town centre?
3.Why does Mr Chen think it is impossible to see his old friends as often as before?
Step 2 Grammar: The present perfect tense
1. We use the present perfect tense to talk about actions that started in the past and continue to the present.
e.g. I have lived here since I was born.
She has worked in this factory for nine years.
2. We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that happened in the past and have a connection with the present.
e.g. Eddie has just eaten Hobo’s food.
（Eddie ate the food, and now Hobo has nothing to eat.)
I have already seen the film?
(I saw the film in the past and now I still remember something about the film.)
3. We also use the present perfect tense to talk about how many times an action has happened till now.
e.g. I have already read this book many times.
Mr Chen has been to the USA twice.
4. We make positive statements in the present perfect tense like this:
I / You/ We / They have arrived.
He / She / It has
5. We make negative statements in the present perfect tense like this:
I / You/ We / They have not arrived.
He / She / It has
6. We ask and answer questions using the present perfect tense like this:
Have I / you/ we / they arrived?
Has he / she / it
Yes, I / you/ we / they have.
he / she / it has.
No, I / you/ we / they haven’t.
he / she / it hasn’t.
7. We form the past participles of some regular verbs by adding –ed, just as what we do to form the simple past tense of these verbs:
Most verbs +ed finish → finished
Verbs ending in -e +d change → changed
Verbs ending in a consonant +y -y +ied carry → carried
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant double the consonant +ed stop → stopped
8. We form the past participle of irregular verbs differently. Here are some examples:
No change come→come hurt → hurt
Change the vowel hold → held win → won
Change the consonant lend→lent build → built
Change the vowel(s) and the consonant(s) catch →caught keep→ kept forget→ forgotten tell→ told
Others be→ been have→ had fall→ fallen fly→ flowndraw→ drawn see→ seen
Step 3 A short test
Write the past participles of the verbs below.
borrow plan say
hope cry grow
make send hit
get watch enjoy
Complete the sentences below using the present perfect tense.
1 They ___________ (finish) their homework already.
2 John ____ never ______ (visit) China.
3 Mr Li ___________ (repair) over ten bicycles since Monday.
4 We ____________ (not see) each other for years.
5 My parents ___________ (not come) back yet.
6 Our teacher __________ (teach) us a lot about the history of China.
Complete the conversation. Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Millie: ______ you _____ (see) any films recently, Sandy?
Sandy: No, I haven't. What about you?
Millie: I _____ (see) one last Saturday.
Sandy: What's it about?
Millie: It’s about the changes in Beijing over the past century. From this film, I ____________ (learn) more about Beijing’s past and present.
Sandy: Oh, I think I _________ (hear) about the film. Do you plan to see
it again?
Millie: Yes, I’d like to.
Step 4 Attention
★ 一般过去时只用来表示过去发生了某事，和现在没有联系；现在完成时表示 过去开始、现在还在继续或依然与现在有联系的动作或情况。
e.g. He lost his mobile phone yesterday. 他昨天丢失的手机。
(We don’t know whether he has found it or not.)
He has lost mobile phone already. 他已经把手机丢失了。
（He can’t use it right now.)
判断方法：
1. 依据用法，结合句意判断。如：
他在这所学校教书有三年了。
He has taught at this school for 3 years.
2. 依据一些副词或时间状语判断。
现在完成时常和already, ever, just, never, recently, yet 等副词，以及since, for 引导的时间状语连用。
Have they arrived yet?
★ already “已经”常用于肯定句中，yet “还，仍然，已经”，常用于否定句和疑问句中。
1. —When ________ you ________ here?
—Two days ago. 【2015 天津】
A. did; come?? ???? B. have; come
C. will; come??? ? D. do; come
2. —A nice car! Is it yours?
—No, it isn't. I ________ it from a friend of mine two days ago. 【2015湖北武汉】
A. borrow?? ??????? B. have borrowed
C. will borrow??? D. borrowed
3. —Will you see the film Cinderella with us tonight?
—No, I ________ it last week. 【2015 湖南长沙】
A. see???? B. have seen?? C. saw
4. —How many times ________ Carl ________ to the Great Wall?
—Only once. 【2015 山东青岛】
A. does; go ?? B. did; go??????
C. has; gone?? D. has; been
Ⅰ. 根据语境，用括号内所给动词的适当时态填空。
1. Mr Li __________(fly) to ten countries over the past six months.
2. My mother is a film fan and she __________(see) five films since last month.
3. Is she Lin Feng? I can’t believe my eyes. She __________(grow) into a beautiful girl!
4. Sally __________(draw) two lovely cats already. Look at the pictures!
5. ________ you __________(hear) of Tu Youyou?
6. Dad, you __________(write) the report for two hours. Why not stop to have a rest?
7. Jack, you __________(fall) off your bike twice this week. Be careful next time.
8. —Please remember to call me when you miss me.
—Sure. But I __________(forget) your telephone number. Can you tell me again?
Ⅱ. 根据各题后括号内的要求，改写下列句子，每空一词（含缩略形式）。
1. Li Ming has already cleaned the classroom. （改为否定句）
Li Ming ________ ________ the classroom ________.
2. David got to know his good friend Jack two years ago. （改为同义句）
David and Jack ________ ________ good friends ________ two years.
3. The boy has played computer games for half an hour. （对划线部分提问）
________ ________ ________ the boy ________ computer games?
4. I have bought a new English book. （改为一般疑问句）
________ ________ ________ a new English book?
5. came, Mark, he, since, China, has, interest, visited, of, many, places, to (.) （连词成句）
答案
Ⅰ. 1. has flown 2. has seen 3. has grown
4. has drawn 5. Have; heard 6. have written
7. have fallen 8. have forgotten
Ⅱ1. hasn’t cleaned; yet 2. have been; for
3. How long has; played 4. Have you bought
5. Mark has visited many places of interest since he came to China.

Homework
1. Review the summary on present perfect tense.
2. Finish the exercises on workbook.

Integrated skills
Teaching Aims:
1. Learn some words about describing the changes in Starlight Town.
2. Practice listening skills by listening to the passages about Starlight Town.
Step 1 Revision
Fill the blanks with the right tenses of the verbs:
1. She _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.
2. Both of them ________________ (be) in Hong Kong for ten days.
3. Both of them ____________ (come) to Hong Kong ten days ago.
4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).
5. Mary _______ just ______(lose) her pen. ______ she ______ (see) it anywhere?
6. _________ you ________ (find) your watch yet?
7. ---Are you thirsty? ---No. I _________just _________ (have) some orange.
8. We _______ already ________ (return) the book.
9. ________ they _______ (build) a new school in the village last year?
10. I _______________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?
11. Don’t make noise. My father _________ (sleep) in the room.
12. I _________ (buy) a book just now.
13. My father ___________ (read) books every evening.
11. My father _________ (read) the novel twice.
Step 2 Presentation
Present some pictures to learn the new words
Step 3 Lead-in
Present some pictures about Beijing in the past and at present.
Step 4 Listening
Listen and complete A1and A2, then check the answers.
Past
Environment: green (1) ___________, clean and fresh (2) ___________, wild (3) __________ near the lake. Transport: bus and (4) ____________Living condition: old (5) _________
Present
Environment: smaller (1) ___________, new (2) ___________ station, tall (3) __________ and new roads. Transport: bus, taxi and (4) _________
Living condition: new (5) ________
Step 5 Complete A3.
1. Complete A3 and then check the answers.
2. Read aloud it.
13 February
Dear Diary,
Today I borrowed a book about Starlight Town’s past and present.
Starlight Town was very beautiful years ago. There were green (1) ___________ and wild (2) __________ near the lake. The (3) ________ was clean and fresh then. Now it has become a (4) ________ town. There is a new (5) ________ station.
There are some new roads too. People can now travel to and from the town by bus,
(6) ______ or train, but in the past, people could only travel by bus or (7) _______. Another big change is the many tall
(8) _________ in the town. Local people used to live in old houses in the (9) ________, but now, most of them have moved into new (10) ________.
Starlight Town has changed a lot over the years. I hope I can visit it again.
Step 6 Speak up
1. Listen and answer:
1) When did Millie meet Becky?
2) How long has she leave China?
3) Was Becky alone in the USA?
4) How does Millie communicate with Becky?
2. Work in pairs and tell your partner about the changes in your life. Use the conversation below as a model.
Step 7 Exercises
Ⅰ. 根据语境和所给汉语提示，写出所缺单词。
1. If everyone takes action, the ________(环境) will be better in the future.
2. My mother worried about the ________(状况) of my grandma’s health.
3. After staying in Beijing for three days, Miss Green ________(返回) to New York last Sunday.
4. In some places, even the ________(小学教育的) school students have too much homework.
5. It’s necessary for parents to ________(交流) with their children from time to time.
Ⅱ. 根据汉语句子意思，完成下列英语句子，每空一词（含缩略形式）。
1. 在过去的几年里，我的家乡变化很大。
My hometown ________ ________ ________ ________ over the past few years.
2. 每年，很多中国中学生到国外学习。
A lot of Chinese middle school students ________ ________ to study every year.
3. 你外出时，一定要与我保持联系。
Be sure to ________ ________ ________ ________ me while you are away.
4. 王先生经常乘飞机往返上海。
Mr Wang often travels ________ ________ ________ Shanghai by plane.
5. 自从去年九月，我和我最好的朋友就一直没有见过面。
My best friend and I ________ ________ ________ ________ since last September.
Ⅲ. 根据对话内容及所给的首字母提示，写出所缺单词。
Wang Jun: Hi, Li Hong. It has been several years since I l (1) saw you.
Li Hong: Oh, Wang Jun, nice to meet you here. You have c (2) a lot over the years. How are you these years?
Wang Jun: Not bad. My l (3) conditions are becoming better and better, but ...
Li Hong: But what?
Wang Jun: My parents are also always busy. We have little time to have c (4) with each other.
Li Hong: I think you can try to talk with them at dinner.
Wang Jun: Good idea! I have one more problem. My mother doesn’t want me to play sports at the weekend.
Li Hong: You should have a talk with your mother. Sports make us strong and smart.
Wang Jun: E (5). Thanks for your advice.
答案
Ⅰ. 1. environment 2. condition 3. returned 4. primary 5. communicate
Ⅱ. 1. has changed a lot 2. go abroad 3. keep in touch with
4. to and from 5. haven’t seen each other
Ⅲ. 1. last 2. changed 3. living 4. communication 5. Exactly
Homework
1. Finish the exercises on workbook.
2. Preview the next lesson.

Study skills
Teaching Aims:
1. Learn to talk about an old friend.
2. Learn to use facts and opinions in writing.
Step 1 Warming up
Talk about your friends:
1. Who is your best friend?
2. What is he/she like?
3. Where does he/ she live?
4. What does he/she like?
Step2 Language points
1. She’s just returned from the USA.
这里的she’s 是she has的缩略形式。
return vi. 返回
e.g. return home (adv.) 回家
return to school (n.) 回到学校
2. When did you last see each other?
你们上次见面是什么时候?
last adv. 最近, 上一次; 最后。可位于动词前, 也可位于动词后。
e.g. I last saw him in Shanghai two years ago.
我上一次是两年前在上海见到他的。
= I saw him last in Shanghai two years ago.
3. So how do you keep in touch with each other? 那你们是如何保持联系的呢？
keep in touch with sb. 和某人保持联系, 也可用stay in touch with sb.表示。
e.g. Please keep/stay in touch with me while you are in Beijing.
你在北京的时候, 请和我保持联系。
4. We mainly communicate by email. 我们主要通过电子邮件交流。
communicate vi./vt. 交流, 交际
e.g. She has never communicated with us.
她从未和我们联系过。
Step 4 Study skills
1. Explanation:
Facts and opinions(事实和观点）：
We often use facts and opinions when we write. Facts are true statements. They include names, dates, events and numbers. Opinions tell what we believe, feel or think.
我们在写作时经常会用到陈述事实和表达观点的句子。事实是指客观存在的事物或是事情，通常包括姓名、日期、事件和数字等。观点则是表达我们对于某件事物或事情的感觉、想法等。
Give some examples.
★ Sentences that show opinions often use verbs like feel, believe and think or have adjectives like good, bad and terrible.
e.g. I think it’s important to learn more than one foreign language.
2. Practice
1) Please find some sentences that tell the truth, and some sentences that show the opinions in this unit.
2) Complete Ex. A.
3. Explanation:
★ When we write, we can use facts to support our opinions. We can also give facts first, and then state our opinions.
当我们写作时，我们用事实支持我们的观点。我们可以先给出事实，然后再陈述自己的观点。
Opinion Facts
My hometown is beautiful. There are green hills all around. A river runs through the centre of town.
4. Practice:
Complete Ex. A.
5. 学习短语：be/ get used to sth. / doing sth.
习惯于（适应于）某事/做某事
e.g. He is not used to living in the city. 他不习惯生活在城市。
I got used to the life there. 我很快适应了那里的生活。
used to do sth. 过去（常常）做某事
e.g. He used to live in the country. 他过去常住在农村。
Step 5 Exercises
判断下列句子是Facts(F)还是Opinions(O)。
( )1. Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012.
( )2. Ning Zetao is the best swimmer in the world.
( )3. Nanjing is the capital of Jiangsu Province.
( )4. The sports meeting will take place in our school soon.
( )5. Computer games are interesting but we shouldn’t be crazy about them.
( )6. It’s a beautiful and clean school.
( )7. Our school has two computer rooms and a library.
( )8. Everyone loves our school.
答案
1. F 2. O 3. F 4. F 5. O 6. O 7. F 8. O
Homework
1. Remember the new words and expressions.
2. Preview the next lesson.

Task
Teaching Aims:
1. Complete Amy’s report on the changes in Moonlight Town.
2. Learn to write a similar article about the changes in one’s hometown.
Step 1 Revision
Work in pairs. Talk about the changes in your hometown by asking the following questions:
Where do you live?
What were the roads like in the past?
What are the roads like at present?
How did your father go to school when he was young?
…
Step 2 New words
Present the new words: narrow, open space with some pictures.
Step 3 Read about the changes in Moonlight Town and learn some useful expressions
… has changed a lot over the years.
Many changes have taken place in …
People are enjoying a … life.
There were only … in the past, but now…
People used to …
The government has built …
Many families have their own …
Step 4 Complete C according to Part B.
Many changes have taken place in Moonlight Town over the years. Now people are enjoying a comfortable life. In the past, there were only (1) _______________ roads in the small town. There was (2) _______ everywhere.
But now the streets are (3) ____________ with many (4) _________ on both sides. The government has also built (5) ____________________ in some large open spaces. Years ago, people lived in (6) ______________. Now most of them have moved into (7) ________. They used to (8) _______________ or watch TV in their free time, but now most families have computers and the (9) _______. Moreover, (10) _____________ make communication easier now. In the past, people travelled around the town (11) __________________, but now they can go around (12) ____________. Many families even have their own cars.
Now people are enjoying a comfortable life.
Answers: narrow and dirty, rubbish, wide and clean, green trees, shops and tall buildings, small old houses, new flats, listen to the radio, Internet, mobile phones, on foot or by bicycle, by bus or taxi
Para 1 Introduction(topic) Many changes have taken place in…
Para 2 Environment In the past, there were only…But now…
Para 3 Life Years ago, people lived in…Now most of them have moved into…They used to…, but now…Moreover,…
Para 4 Transport In the past, people travelled around the town by…, but now they can go around by… Many families even have…
Para 5 Conclusion (opinion) Now people are enjoying a … life

Step 5 Talk about the changes in your own hometown.
Sample writing
Many changes have taken place in Nanjing over the years.
In the past, there were green trees on both sides of the narrow roads and the tallest building in the city was Jinling Hotel. But now there are wide roads and tall buildings everywhere. You cannot see Jinling Hotel from a distance now because it is surrounded by much taller buildings.
Years ago, most people lived in buildings with only four or five floors. They used to watch TV in their free time. But now most families have computers. They can surf the internet. Moreover, a lot of people like to go out after dinner and enjoy the latest films in the cinema.
In the past, people usually travelled around the city by bicycle or bus. But now people are richer. A lot of families have their own cars.
In a word, life in Nanjing is better now than before.
Homework
1. Finish Self-assessment on page 19.
2. Finish your report on the changes in your hometown.