2020年中考英语导学案：完形填空讲与练附答案

2020年中考英语导学案：完形填空讲与练附答案
一、【热身练习】
Each one of us shares this planet with seven billion others. And we all need __1__. People and products need to move from city to city and country to country. However, we all know __2__ most cars, motorcycles, boats and planes cause air pollution. They are also __3__. This is a serious problem in many cities. __4__ inventors are coming up with creative ideas to try to reduce the pollution and noise.
In many cities around the world, motorcycles are very __5__. Now Vietnam has around 33 million motorcycles and China has almost 120 million. Motorcycles are a faster and cheaper way to get around a city than __6__. Yet air pollution is a growing problem. In large cities, people __7__ it is difficult to breathe. To solve these problems, a U．S. company designed an environmentally friendly motorcycle. It uses electricity as fuel(燃料). As a result, there is __8__ pollution. It's also quiet and fast. This makes __9__ a good choice for getting around a city.
The Italian city of Venice is a city with only a few __10__. There are no cars in the city center. __11__ cars, water taxis and buses carry people along the city's canals(运河). However, they cause pollution, __12__ to the water. English engineers Dick and Jem designed a solar?powered(太阳能) water taxi. The water taxi __13__ run for a day after being recharged(充电).
Planes also cause air and noise pollution. Designing an environmentally friendly airplane is a real __14__. Some airplane companies have __15__ to solve the problems. Swiss engineers have gone one step further. They developed a solar airplane. This plane holds the world record for the longest solar?powered flight—1，541 kilometers from Arizona to Texas in America.
1. A. air B. food C. transportation D. communication
2. A. how B. why C. when D. that
3. A. noisy B. dirty C. fast D. expensive
4. A. Since B. So C. Because D. Although
5. A. popular B. valuable C. dangerous D. safe
6. A. bikes B. subways C. buses D. cars
7. A. explain B. complain C. doubt D. promise
8. A. much B. some C. no D. more
9. A. them B. you C. us D. it
10. A. rivers B. roads C. tourists D. people
11. A. Instead of B. Thanks to C. Because of D. As for
12. A. probably B. only C. especially D. hardly
13. A. must B. can C. should D. need
14. A. question B. job C. decision D. challenge
15. A. disagreed B. refused C. started D. remembered
1－15、CDABA 　 DBCDB　 ACBDC

二、【考纲要求】
完形填空(Cloze Test)是一种综合性很强的测试题型。它的两空之间一般相隔7—10个词， 短文第一个句子一般不设空，以故事性题材居多，故事往往具有幽默性或哲理性，以外还有科普小品、文化体育、风土人情、人物、史地等题材。它考查学生对词语搭配、近义词辨析、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等知识点的掌握情况，又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。近几年中考题重在考查学生对篇章的整体理解，上下文段落的衔接，逻辑思维与判断推理能力，单纯考查学生对语法掌握情况的题减少了。

三、【试一试】
One thorn(刺) of experience is worth many times of warning.
Ralph Wick was seven years old. In most things he was a fine boy, but he would cry from time to time. When he could not have what he wanted, he would cry for it.__1__he was told that it would hurt him, and he could not__2__it, he would also cry.
One day, he went with his mother into the garden. The sun shone. The grass was cut. The flowers were starting to__3__.
Ralph thought he was, for once, a good boy. A__4__was on his face. He wished to do as he was told. Ralph helped his mother with the farm work and he was very happy.
“Now you must tired and__5__，” said his mother. “Have a good rest here and eat some cookies. I will get a beautiful red rose for you.” So his mother brought the red flower to him. When he saw his mother still had a white rose in her hand, Ralph__6__it.
“No, my dear，” said his mother. “See how many thorns it has. You must not touch it, or you would be sure to hurt your__7__.” When Ralph found that he could not have the white rose, he began to cry, and__8__took it away. But he was soon very sorry. The thorns hurt his hand. It was so__9__that he could not use it for some time.
Ralph would never __10__ this. From then on, when he wanted what he should not have, his mother would point to his hand which had been hurt before. He at last learned to do as he was told.
(　　)1. A. Until B. If
C. Unless D. Since
(　　)2. A. save B. hide
C. have D. lose
(　　)3. A. come in B. come out
C. come over D. come on
(　　)4. A. smile B. sign
C. fear D. mark
(　　)5. A. lazy B. noisy
C. hungry D. sleepy
(　　)6. A. waited for B. asked for
C. cared for D. thanked for
(　　)7. A. arm B. leg
C. hand D. foot
(　　)8. A. quietly B. proudly
C. politely D. suddenly
(　　)9. A. helpful B. harmful
C. peaceful D. painful
(　　)10. A. accept B. refuse
C. forget D. remember
完形填空1～5 B C B A C　6～10 B C D D C

四、【教师点拨】
一、通读全文，了解大意。
完形填空题给的是一篇意思较为完整的短文。做题时，首先应跳过空格通读全文，了解全文大意。由于完形填空题是一种设置障碍的阅读理解，所以通读一遍仍有模糊感，这是很正常的。考生切不可急躁，应尽量稳定自己的情绪，再快速读一至二遍，注意短文中的关键词和中心句。
二、领会句义，斟酌选项。
应以全文为背景，联系句子的上下文进行推理和判断，正确理解每个句子的句义及其相互间的联系。然后，综合运用语言知识，从四个选项中选出一项进行试填。试填时应做到：瞻前顾后、综合分析、多角度思考。考生从词义用法、固定搭配、逻辑推理和上下文的联系等方面去考虑。
三、复读全文，验证答案。
细心检查所选答案能否使短文上下连贯，前后呼应，词句通顺，意思完整。检查时还应从语法、惯用法、逻辑推理和事情发生的情节等方面进行考虑，以达到准确无误之目的。
做题时还应把握先易后难的原则。完形填空题的十个空中，一般难度较大的有两至四个。在答题的过程中也要注意答题的速度，不要为一个小题去冥思苦想，该跳过的先跳过，把有把握的空先填上。随着信息量的增加，思考范围的缩小，剩下的难题便会迎刃而解。

【跟踪练习】
（一）
In the USA，children start school when they are five years old．In some states they must stay in school? 1??they are sixteen．But most students are seventeen or eighteen years old when they? 2??，secondary schools．There are two kinds of schools in the USA：public schools and private schools．? 3??children go to public schools．Their parents do not have to? 4??their education because the schools? 5??money from the government．If a child goes to a private school，his parents have to get enough money for his schooling．Some parents still? 6??private schools
though they are much more expensive．
??? Today about half of the high school students? 7??in universities after they finish secondary schools．A student at a state university does not have to pay very much if his parents? 8??in that state．
??? Many students? 9??while they are studying at?universities．In this way they get into?10??working habits and live by their own hands．
(?? ) 1．A．and?????? B．though?????? C．till????????? D．since
(?? ) 2．A．leave????? B．come??????? C．study ???????D．pass
(?? ) 3．A．Several??? B．Most???????? C．A few?????? D．Few
(?? ) 4．A．worry????? B．pay for?????? C．ask for????? D．make sure
(?? ) 5．A．lend?????? B．spend??????? C．get????????? D．cost
(?? ) 6．A．go???????? B．hate???????? C．1ike???????? D．mind
(?? ) 7．A．play??????? B．miss??????? C．change?????? D．study
(?? ) 8．A．was born??? B．travels?????? C．visit???????? D．live
(?? ) 9．A．work?????? B．study hard??? C．do sports???? D．read books
(?? )10．A．good?????? B．bad????????? C．well??????? D．better
答案：1．C2．A3．B4．B5.C6．C7．D8．D9．A10．A

（二）
I'm sure many people are working hard for a lot of money, a big house, a new car, expensive clothes and so on. Those are considered to be symbols of 1 on the material level. When I was young, I was also 2 reaching for material success. So I chose a job as a salesman and I did make some pretty good money.
But later I realized that was not what I wanted, because I was often forced to sell products that might not be good for customers. I become very unhappy 3 I could make a lot of money. I no longer felt proud of my job and even 4 myself for doing things like that. So I 5 my job and took another job, this time helping people 6 the poor and the weak. The sense of belonging was great and suddenly I felt successful in my life again, I made less money but I was 7 with myself.
For my own past, success comes from the feeling of satisfaction and joy. I feel successful when I love what I do, not caring so much about 8 . And I feel the most successful when I 59 my kindness everywhere I go.
So, be 10 to yourself: learn to listen to the voice from the bottom of your heart. And find your own way with a happy heart to achieve your own success.
(　　)1、A.luck B.success C.safety D.hope
(　　)2、A.sadly B.hardly C.crazily D.honestly
(　　)3、A.if B.since C.until D.also
( )4、A.look down upon B.look up to C.look through D.look into
(　　)5、A.made up B.give up C.set up D.turn up
(　　)6、A.in danger B.in order C.in need D.in surprise
(　　)7、A.strict B.cheerful C.angry D.satisfied
(　　)8、A.trust B.love C.money D.health
(　　)9、A.throw B.spread C.cell D.lend
(　　)10、A.true B.brave C.friendly D.terrible
【答案解析】
1、B　根据上下文意思得知，这些都被认为是物质水平上成功的标志。
2、C　根据上下文意思得知，我也曾疯狂地追求物质上的成功。
3、D　根据上下文意思得知，我也赚了很多钱。
4、A　根据上下文意思得知， 我因为做这个工作而看不起自己。look down upon“看不起，轻视”
5、B　根据上下文意思得知，我辞去了这份工作。give up “放弃”
6、C　根据句子意思可以得知， 帮助有需要的人。in need “处于需要的”。
7、D　根据上下文意思得知， 我虽然赚少了钱，但我感到很满足。
8、C　根据上文意思得知，我感到成功当我热爱我做的事，而并不是过多地关注金钱。
9、B　根据上下文意思，无论走到哪里，当我传播我的善良，我感到自己是最成功的。
10、A　指的是做真实的自己：学会听从来自心底的声音。
（三）
James is a Middle School student. He likes __1__ and hopes to be a pop star. He often __2__ some books about music and wears some strange clothes. And his hair is so __3__ that somebody thinks he’s a girl.
One day the teacher __4__ something on the blackboard. But the young man couldn't __5__ anything. He was afraid and went to a __6__ after school. There were many people in the waiting room. He had to __7__. When it was his turn, he came in the doctor’s __8__.
“What's wrong with you, miss?” asked the doctor.
“Sorry, sir,” James said with a __9__ face. “I’m a boy. I have poor sight(视力) this week.”
“Go to the barber’s(理发店) first, young man,” said the doctor. “I can't find your __10__ at all.”
（ ）1. A. playing B. swimming C. studying D. singing
（ ）2. A. makes B. buys C. shows D. touches
（ ）3. A. long B. short C. nice D. yellow
（ ）4. A. read B. talked C. wrote D. counted
（ ）5. A. hear B. listen to C. see D. look at
（ ）6. A. riverB. cinema C. shop D. hospital
（ ）7. A. wait B. stand C. leave D. finish
（ ）8. A. bedroom B. office C. home D. classroom
（ ）9. A. black B. green C. red D. white
（ ）10. A. ears B. eyes C. nose D. teeth
参考答案1—5 DBACC 6—10 DABCB

（四）
A farmer carelessly lost an expensive gold watch in the house on the farm, where he searched for everywhere but failed. So he put a __1__ on the gate of the farm: whoever finds the gold watch will be __2__ 100 dollars.
People tried their best to __3__. the watch in order to get the reward. However, the house was too large and the straw(稻草) in the barn was too thick. It was getting __4__ and they were still unable to find it. So they __5__ the reward of 100 dollars one by one.
But only a small boy was still not discouraged but __6__ looking for it. He had nothing to eat all the day. In order to solve the family problem, he looked forward to finding the gold watch and let his parents, brothers and sisters have a full meal.
The night was already getting late, the boy was also __7__. He was lying in the straw to have a rest when he __8__ a strange “tick?tick”. He immediately held his breath and listened __9__， and followed the sound. He found the watch and got the __10__.
Like the gold watch in the house, success has been around us and spread in every corner of life. Only when we are calm and firmly look for it, we can find it.
(　　)1. A. notice B. book
C．picture D．newspaper
(　　)2. A. borrowed B. robbed
C. stolen D．rewarded
(　　)3. A. look at B. look for
C. look like D. look after
(　　)4. A. bright B. dark
C. cold D．hot
(　　)5. A. gave back B. gave out
C. gave up D．gave away
(　　)6. A. finished B. practiced
C. kept D．minded
(　　)7. A. bored B. happy
C. excited D. tired
(　　)8. A. heard B. made
C. found D. had
(　　)9. A. carefully B. beautifully
C. usually D. really
(　　)10. A. watch B. money
C. house D. farm
完形填空1～5 A D B B C　6～10 C D A A B

（五）
Venus (金星) has long been one of the most misunderstood planets. Like the Earth, Venus has its 1.______ atmosphere(大气层). However, the atmosphere is much thicker than that of the Earth, which makes it difficult 2.______ modern scientists to study. There is 3.______ we still do not know about what this planet is like. However, with special machines, scientists have 4.______ many of the long?hidden secrets in recent years.
Venus is like the Earth's sister planet. It is 5.______ the same in size and chemical formation(构成) as the Earth. In other words, the materials, even the amounts, on Venus and the Earth are 6.______．
Venus lies much 7.______ to the Sun than our planet. It has made Venus terribly hot. As the planet warms up, water easily evaporates(蒸发) and 8.______ a cycle of global warming.
If you happen to find a way to survive the extreme heat on the surface of Venus, you will quickly notice something strange about the 9.______. Venus rotates(旋转) very slowly, so that a day on Venus actually lasts longer than a year. Instead of the Sun rising in the east and 10.______ in the west, the Sun would appear to be opposite when you are on Venus. That's interesting!
1. A. good B. bad C. real D. own
2. A. with B. for C. of D. in
3. A. much B. some C. each D. all
4. A. lost B. disappeared C. kept D. unlocked
5. A. hardly B. always C. almost D. usually
6. A. different B. equal C. similar D. proper
7. A. farther B. closer C. higher D. lower
8. A. begins B. finishes C. introduces D. refuses
9. A. weeks B. months C. days D. nights
10. A. appearing B. forming C. spending D. setting
【参考答案】
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了地球的姐妹——金星。金星离太阳更近，因此它的表面温度更高，并且它公转的速度比地球慢。更有趣的是在金星上观察，太阳从西方升起，东方落下。
1. D　【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。good好的；bad坏的；real真实的；own自己的。根据前面的“its”，可猜测金星有它自己的大气层。故选D。
2. B　【解析】考查介词词义辨析。with和……一起；for对……来说；of……的；in在……里。根据空后的名词modern scientists可知此处指对于科学家来说，研究金星很困难。故选B。
3. A　【解析】考查不定代词词义辨析。much很多，大量；some一些；each每一个；all所有全部。根据前句的内容可推知此处指关于金星是什么样子的，我们仍然有很多不知道的。故选A。
4. D　【解析】考查动词词义辨析。lost丢失；disappeared消失；kept保持；unlocked开启。根据前面的However, with special machines...可推知最近几年科学家已经开启了很多久封的秘密。故选D。
5. C　【解析】考查副词词义辨析。hardly几乎不；always 总是；almost几乎；usually通常。根据前句可知金星应该和地球几乎一样。故选C。
6. C　【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。different不同的；equal平等的；similar相似的；proper正确的。根据前面的内容可知金星和地球是相似的。故选C。
7. B　【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。farther更远；closer更近的；higher更高的；lower更低的。根据后句It has made Venus terribly hot.可知金星离太阳更近。故选B。
8. A　【解析】考查动词词义辨析。begin开始；finishes结束；introduces介绍；refuses拒绝。根据“water easily evaporated(蒸发)”可知此处指金星上就会开始形成一个热循环。故选A。
9. C　【解析】考查名词词义辨析。weeks星期；months月；days天；nights晚上。根据后句．..so that a day on Venus actually lasts longer...可知上句应该注意到天很奇怪。故选C。
10. D　【解析】考查动词词义辨析。appearing出现；forming形成；spending度过；setting落下。根据常识可知在地球上观察，太阳从东方升起，西方落下。故选D。

（六）
Have you ever seen the advertisement: Learn a foreign language in six weeks, ? 1? give your money back? Of course, it ? 2? happens quite like that. The only language ? 3? to learn is the mother language. And think ? 4? practice is needed for that. Before the Second World War people usually learned a foreign language 5 the literature(文学) of the country. Now most people want to ? 6? a foreign language. Every year millions of people start learning 7 .
How do they do it? Some people try at home 8 books and tapes, others go to evening classes or watch TV programs. 9 they use the language only 2 or 3 times a week, learning it will ? 10? a long time, like language learning at school. A few people try to learn a language fast by studying for 6 or ? 11? hours a day. It's much easier to learn the language in the country where it ?12 ?. But most people are ? 13?? to do this, and many people don't have to do so. Machines and good books will be very ? 14? , but they can not do the students' work. ? 15? the language is learned quickly or slowly, it is hard work.
1. A. so B. or C. and D. but
2. A. can＇t??????? B. impossible??C. never???? D. often
3. A. easily??????? B. difficult?????? C. able????????? D. easy
4. A. how much??? B. how long?? C. how fast? D. how many
5. A. studied??? B. to study?? C. studying?? D. study
6. A. talk???? B. tell????? C. speak???? D. say
7. A. them????? B. this?? C. that? D. it
8. A. without???? B. with??????????? C. in??????????? D. by
9. A. If??????????? B. When????????? C. Since???????? D. Until
10. A. spend???????? B. use??????????? C. take????????? D. cost
11. A. some????????? B. more???????? C. other???????? D. less
12. A. speaks??????? B. is speaking??C. spoke???????? D. is spoken
13. A. able????????? B. possible?????? C. unable??????? D. not possible
14. A. careful?????? B. forgetful???? C. wonderful???? D. helpful
15. A. either??????? B. whether??????C. what??????? D. how
【参考答案】
28. 名师点评
本文主要想告诉读者，学英语是一个长期而艰苦的劳动，没有任何捷径可走。无论你用什么方法学习——用书、机器或在学校，不多实践就无法达到预期的目的。
答案简析
1. B。这里的or是“否则”的意思。
1. C。根据作者的观点，这种事绝对不可能发生。impossible是一个形容词，不符语法，can’t后不可能跟happens，often意思与作者的意图相反。
1. D。唯一容易学的语言是母语。这里需要一个形容词充当后置定语。
1. A。用来修饰不可数名词，只有用how much，全句意为“母语好学，还需要那么多的练习。”何况外语呢？。
1. B。动词不定式充当目的状语。意为“学习外语来研究文学”。
1. C。说某种语言用speak，speak English，speak Chinese。
1. D。用it代指上文所说的a foreign language。
1. B。这里的with是“用”的意思。
1. A。作者在这里提出一种假设。如果他们一星期只有一两次使用外语。
1. C。固定短语，意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。
1. B。后面省略了than 6 hours。意为6个小时或更多的时间。
1. D。it 代指上文所指的foreign language，故用被动被态。
1. C。许多人不可能做到这一点。这里不可以用not possible，因为它的主语不可以用人。
1. D。机器和书对于学习英语来说是很有帮助的。
15. B。whether …or…固定短语。