中考英语复习之名词（教师版）复习学案（无答案）

名词
名词的概念：表示人，动物，地点，物品以及抽象概念的词。
名词的分类：
（一）普通名词：
普通名词是一类人或一类事物的共同名称。普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。
个体名词：表示一类人或一类事物中的个体。
如：She is a teacher. They are all students.
集体名词：表示若干个体的人和事物组成的集合体。
如：How many boys are there in your class?
类似的还有：family, group, army, police等。
3. 物质名词：表示无法分为个体的事物。如：I want to have some water(air, milk, salt, sugar等).
4. 抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质等抽象概念的名词。如：I wish you success(time, happiness, beauty等).、
【火眼金睛】
给下面的名词分类
computer milk water sister sky sadness family class room health duty luck factory dress rice wind snow flower time
个体名词 ________________________________
集体名词 _________________________________
物质名词 _________________________________
抽象名词 _________________________________
（二）专有名词：
专有名词是具体的人和事物等的特有名称。人名、地名、国家、城市、公共节日及月份、星期几的名词等属于专有名词。专有名词的第一个字母要大写。
如：Jenny Black , March三月, the WTO世贸组织, Asia亚洲, Teachers’ Day教师节, the People’s Republic of China中华人名共和国, Disneyland迪斯尼, the Pearl River珠江, Sunday星期日
【想一想】
你的名字属于哪一类名词？

名词的数
可数名词：顾名思义是表示可以用来计数的名词。
可数名词有单数和复数形式。指一个人或者事物时用单数形式，指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。
如：desk-desks,apple-apples.
2.单数可数名词表示泛指时，前面要用不定冠词a（an），表示特指时，前面要用定冠词the. 如：He is a factory worker.他是一名工人。
3. 可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。
如： two apples, four books等。
4.可数名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。
如：This picture is very beautiful. 这幅画很美。
These apples are mine. 这些苹果是我的。
对可数名词前的修饰语提问用how many.
如：How many pears are there in the box? 盒子里有多少个梨子？
可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some,any,a lot of , lots of 等来修饰，表示“一些，许多”
（二）.可数名词单数变复数的规则
1. 一般情况下在词尾加?s. shop --- shops (商店)
2. 以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾的单词在词尾加es。
class --- classes (班级) box --- boxes (盒子)
match --- matches (比赛) brush --- brushes (刷子)
3. 以“辅音字母 +y” 结尾的词， 变y为 i 加es.
story --- stories (故事)
4. 以“元音字母 +y” 结尾的词，在词尾直接加 s
key --- keys monkey --- monkeys
5. 以一个 “o” 结尾的有生命名词， 复数一般在词尾加“es” ，无生命名词加“s”,
hero--heroes (英雄） potato----potatoes (土豆）tomato --- tomatoes (西红柿) mango---mangoes （芒果）
口诀：英雄喜欢吃土豆，西红柿和芒果 （以O结尾加“es”）
zoo --- zoos (动物园) photo --- photos (照片) radio---radios（收音机）
6. 以 f或 fe 结尾的词，多数变f或 fe 为 ves.
leaf --- leaves (树叶) knife --- knives ( 小刀)
*（以f或fe结尾的单词，需把f或fe 变ves的单词）口诀：
妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去宰狼（wolf），小偷（thief）吓得发了慌，躲在架下（shelf）保己（-self）命，半(half)片树叶（leaf）遮目光。
*（以f或fe结尾的单词，直接加 “s”的单词）口诀：
长颈鹿(giraffe)站在屋檐(roof)下，左手拿着手绢(handkerchief)，右手拿着高尔夫球(golf)。
例： roof --- roofs ( 屋顶) golf---golfs 高尔夫球
7. 不规则名词复数的变化
(1）-ren /-en: child-children ox-oxen
(2) a 变e: man-men woman-women
oo变ee: foot-feet goose-geese tooth-teeth
面目全非： mouse-mice child-children
8. 名词单复数同型
（三动物）sheep --- sheep (绵羊) deer --- deer （鹿） fish--- fish （鱼）
（两人）Chinese---Chinese Japanese ---Japanese
国人的变法：
中日人民一致地 Chinese---Chinese Japanese ---Japanese
英法联军a改e Englishman--Englishmen Frenchman--Frenchmen
其它国人加s American--Americans Australian--Australians
小心提防德国人 German-Germans
10.两名词（复合名词）复数前面不变后面变，特例woman/man
apple tree --- apple trees girl student --- girl students
man doctor---men doctors woman teacher---women teachers
【即时演练】
把下面名词的单数变成复数
coat _______ skirt _______ dress _______ tomato________
house _______ watch _______ car _______ brush _______ box _______
toy _______ umbrella _______ ticket _______ classroom _______ teacher _______
son _______ student _______ job _______ woman doctor____________
lemon tree _______baby_________ story_________ life__________ glass_________
不可数名词:顾名思义是不可以直接用来计数的名词。不可数名词没有复数形式,只有单数形式。 其前不用冠词 a/an 或数词，但可以用 some,any,a lot of ,a little 等修饰。
.不可数名词包括 抽象名词（advice, information,price,happiness等）
液体（water, milk, tea,coffee,juice等)
气体（air,smoke,oxygen,wind）
材料（metal,wood,paper,glass等）
学科类（English, mathematics, history,chemistry等）
食物，肉类beef, pork,chicken,meat,bread,rice ，corn,sugar,salt,等 (hair,)
【即时练习】
This table is made of _________
A. many glass B.glasses C.some glasses D.glass
不可数名词前不能用a 或者 an,可以用the.常用some,much,a little,a lot of ,plenty of 表示多少
(3)不可数名词前通常用“单位词+of”来表示数量。
如：a cup of 一杯... a bottle of 一瓶... a piece of 一张...
a basket of 一篮... a can of 一罐... a bag of 一袋...
a pair of shoes 一双鞋 two cups of tea 两杯茶 five pieces of paper.
不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，但是不可数名词前有复数“单位词”时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
如：There are two cups of coffee on the table .
There is some milk in the bottle.
两个及两个以上的并列不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
如:Beef and chicken are on the table.
对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用how much.
【想一想】
萨拉最喜欢周末待在家悠闲的喝咖啡，听音乐，你知道“一杯咖啡”“一段音乐”怎么用英语表达吗？
一杯咖啡 __________________
一段音乐 —————————
五片面包 __________________
一则新闻 ___________________
三条建议 ___________________
名词所有格
定义：意为“......的”，表示所有关系的形式叫做名词所有格
-’s 所有格多表示有生命的事物的名词的所有关系。
一般在名词词尾加 ’s 。
如：father's study(书房)，the children’s computer
以s或es结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加“ ’ ”。
如：the teachers' reading room. Teachers’ Day。
如果一样东西为两人共有，则只在后一个名词的后面加's。如果不是共有的，则两个名词之后都要加's
如：Jane and Helen's room珍妮和海伦的房间(共有)
Bill's and Tom's radios比尔的收音机和汤姆的收音机(不共有)
（三）“of 所有格”形式：
“of + 所有格”多用来表示无生命的事物所构成的所有关系。
a map of China一张中国地图 the walls of the city城墙 the centre of the square广场中心
【大显身手】
This is ________________________________________(我妹妹的语文书)
_________________________(Lucy和Lily的父亲) is a hotel manager.
3. They are ___________________________________(Peter 和Sam的老师).
4.___________________________(教师节) is on September 10th .
5. ___________________________________(学生们的桌椅) are very new.
6. We are very happy on ____________________________________(儿童节).
7. He is in the_________________________________(老师的办公室) now.
8. Please open _________________________________________(教室的门).
9. _____________________________( Alice和Ben的学校) is big and new.
10. ___________________________________(Tony哥哥的电脑) is broken.
11. Are these _____________________________________(男生们的书包) ?
12. That is _____________________________________(Tom和李雷的教室).
【基础练习】
一．将下列名词变成复数形式
watch_________strawberry___________policeman___________child_______
thief_________ mouse___________wife_______ photo___________
student__________knife_________diary________ man doctor_______
Pear tree________deer___________potato___________ peach____________
nurse__________ fish___________ foot_________ zoo________
country__________sheep________ day_________ woman teacher________
单项选择
( ) 1. _________ mothers couldn’t go to the meeting, because they have gone to Chengdu.
Mary's and John's B. Mary's and John
C. Mary and John's D. Li Lei and Lucy
( ) 2. They come from different________
A.Country B.countries C. a country D. countrys
( ) 3. September 10th is ________.
A. May Day B. Teachers’ Day C. Christmas D. Thanksgiving Day
( ) 4. There are ten __________ in our class.
A. boy student B. boys student C. boy students D. boys students
( ) 5. John bought __________ for himself yesterday.
A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe
C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoe
( ) 6. Would you like ________,please?
two glass of water B. two glasses of water
C.two glass of waters D. two glasses of waters
( ) 7. Kate has three _________.
A. knife B. knifes C. knivs D. knives
( ) 8. The______ has two_______
A. boys ,watches B. boy,watch C. boy,watches D. boys,watches
( ) 9. ________ turn yellow in autumn.
A. Leaf B. Leaves C. Leave D. Leafs
( ) 10. I met two _________ in the street yesterday morning.
A. German B. Australian C. American D. Japanese
( ) 11. Rose is an_______ but she is in ______ right now.
Japan girl; American B. English woman; Japanese
C. English girl; Japan D. America; England
( ) 12. ----- Whose ruler is it?
----- Maybe it’s ________.
A. Peter B. Peters C. Mary’s D. Peters’
( ) 13. There __________ a pair of shoes. Whose shoes _________ those?
A. are, are???B. is, are???C. is, is??????? D. are, is
( ) 14. There are twenty ________ in our school.
A. women teachers B. woman teachers C. women teachers D. women teachers
( ) 15. Please give me _________ paper.
one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of
按照例子，根据中文意思，写出英文
一杯水______________________ 2. 两袋米______________
三碗水______________________ 4. 一片面包_______________
六张纸______________________ 6. 一箱苹果________________
两双鞋________________________ 8.一瓶果汁________________
判断下列句子中名词数的变化是否正确，正确的写“T”，错误的写“F”，然后在错误的名词下面画横线，并在后面的横线上写出正确的形式：
1. These are Winnie’s new toys. __________________
2. Look at the deers. They are cute. _________________
3. what’s in the basket？ There are some tomatos in it._____________
4. How many monthes are there in a year? _________________
5. Here are my toy buses. _________________
6. Can you see any foxes in the cage? __________________
7. Here’s some moneys for you. __________________
8. Tigers like meats. __________________
9.Do you like sandwichs? _________________
10. There are many mouses in the hole. _________________
五．用所给单词的正确形式填空：
1. How many ___________________(sheep) are there on the hill?
2. There is some _______________(food) in the basket.
3. The baby has only two __________________(tooth) now.
4. There is a lot of _________________(water) in the bottle.
5. There are five ___________________(people ) in his family.
6. Let's take __________________(photo), OK?
7. I have lots of ____________________(tomato) here.
8. The ____________________(leaf) on the tree turn yellow.
9. Their _________________________(dictionary) look new.
11. There are many _____???????????_____________(fox) in the picture.
12. Different people may have different _________________(idea).
13. Would you like some ____________________(tomato)?
14. Jim has some __________________(knife).
15. The girl under the tree is a friend of ______________(Lucy).
16. My little brother has got two __________________(watch). One ______________ is old, the other is new.
17. This is my ________________(teacher) office. There are seven _________________(teacher) in this office.
18. March 8th is ___________________(woman) Day.
六．用所给词的适当形式填空
1.?March?8th?is?________________Day.?(woman).?
3.The?shop?sells?_______________(妇女)?handbags.?
4.Teachers?in?western?countries?have?a?__________(三个月的)?holiday?in?a?year.?
5.I’ll?give?my?English?teacher?a?card?for?____________Day.?(teacher)?
6.It’s?only?ten______?(minute)walk?from?the?station?to?the?hotel.
7.It’s?an?_____________(hour)?ride?from?here?to?the?museum.?
8.That’s?my?________________(father)?car.?It’s?grey.?
七：按要求改写下列句子。
1. There is an orange tree in the garden. (改为复数句)
____________________________________________________
2. She is a good teacher. (改为复数句)
____________________________________________________
3. I have some interesting story books. (改为单数句)
____________________________________________________
4. There are some women teachers over there. (改为单数句)
_____________________________________________________
5. ----- What is it? ----- It's a box. (改为复数句)
_____________________________________________________