专题二 冠词和数词
考点一 不定冠词
不定冠词包括a, an用在以元音音素开关的词之前，a用在以辅音音素开头的词之前。 不定冠词的用法如下：
表示泛指的某人或某物
She wants to have a child . 她想要个孩子 。
Do you have an email address ?你有电子邮件地址吗？
表示“类别”
些时并不表示具体的某一个人或物， 而是指一类人或物，有时“一” 的概念不必译出。如：
She wants to be a teacher . 她想成为一名老师。
A house is a useful animal. 马是一种很有用的动物 。
表示“一” 的概念，但并不特别强调数量。
There is going to be an English lecture this evening. 今天晚上将会有一场英语讲座。
表示“每一”的概念
此时通常和表示频率、速度或价格的词搭配。
They go swimming twice a week . 他们每周去游泳两次。
She is driving fifty miles an hour. 她正在以每小时50英里的速度开车 。
用在序数词之前，表示“又一；再一”的概念
She hopes to have a second child . 她想再要一个孩子 。
They have been to Beijing twic . They want to go there a third time . 他们去过北京两次了，他们想再去那里一次。
用在上些固定搭配和习惯用语中
have a rest 休息一下
in a hurry 匆忙
make a decision 做决定
a few 有些；一些
once upon a time 从前
a little 少量；一点
a lot of 许多；大量
in a word 总而言之
have a cold 感冒
a bit 稍微；有点儿
make a mistake 犯错
have a good time 玩得开心
例1 （2018山东济南天桥期末26题1分）-Lucy, who’s the man over there ?
-He’s my uncle , ______ English teacher.
A.a B. an C. / D. the
解析 本题考查不定冠词的用法。 答语的含义是“他是我叔叔，一名英语老师”。 表示“一名”要用不定冠词，English 前要用不定冠词an, 故答案为B.
答案 B
即时训练
（2018湖北黄冈期中联考26题1分） -Does your friend Candy want to go to a European country next week ?
-No, she wants to go to __Ａsian country .
A a B. an C. the D. /
在使用不定冠词（a, an ）时，有如下几个易错点。
易错点
举例
有些单词以辅音字母开关，但仍然属于以元音音素开关的词，因为开头的辅音字母不发音。
an hour 一小时
an honest girl 一个诚实的女孩
有些单词以元音字母开头，但发音却不是以元音音素开头，其前要用不定冠词a.
a universit 一所大学
a European country 一个欧洲国家
从26个字母的诗意来看，a, e, f, h, I , l , m, n, o, r, s, x都是以元音音素开头的字母。当这些字母在句中单独使用或它们发字母音时，其前要用不定冠词an。这些字母可巧记为：Mr. Li has one fox. 李先生有一只狐狸。
The word “Father” begins with an F. 单词 “Father”以字母F 开头。
He should see a dentist and get an X-ray . 他应该去看牙医，拍张X 光片。
数词之前的不定冠词要依据数词的读音来决定，如： 8， 11， 18， 80等之前的不定冠词要用an .
His grandfather is an 80-year-old old man . 他的爷爷是一位八十岁的老人。
例2 （2018河南郑州中报附中第一次月老21题1分）This is a story about ____ honest boy . It happened in ______European country .
A a; an B. an; a C. a; the D. the ; an
解析 句意：这是一个关于一个诚实的男孩的故事，它发生在一个欧洲国家。honest前要用不定完词an ; European 前要用不定冠词a, 故答案为B.
即时训练
（2019四川成都七中期中31题1分） Robert is ______eleven-year-old from England . He has studied Chinese for three years.
A . the B. a C. an
考点二 定冠词
表示特指的人或物
Do you know the man over there ?你认识那边的那个男人吗？
I like the red dress on the left . 我喜欢左边的那件红色连衣裙。
用来代指上文提到的人或物 。
There is a painting on the wall . The painting is my sister’s . 墙上有一幅画，那幅画是我姐姐的。
表示一类人或物
The cat , like the dog , is liked by many people . 猫和狗一样受到很多人喜欢 。
表示世界上或宇宙中独一无二的事物。
此类词汇有sun (太阳)、moon (月亮) 和earth (地球)等。
The earth goes around the sun . 地球绕着太阳转。
用在序数词或形容词最高级之前。
He was the first student to get to school this morning . 今天早上他是每一个到校的学生 。
It is the most beautiful picture of them all 它是那些画里最漂亮的。
用在乐器类词汇之前。
常用在 “play the+乐器“结构的短语中，如play the piano “弹钢琴”；play the guitar “弹吉他” ；play the violin “拉小提琴”等 。
She can play the piano very well . 她钢琴弹得很好。
用在一些表示国家、江河或山脉等的专有名词前。
The man comes from the United States . 那个男人来自美国 。
可以和形容词搭配，表示 “某一类人“
The rich shoul try to help the poor . 富人应该尽力帮助穷人。
用在表示时间、地点或方位的固定短语中。
常和定冠词搭配的此类名词有morning , afternoon , evening , middle , center , left , right , east , west , south , north 等。
They have four lessons in the morning . 他们上午四节课。
The teaching building is in the center of the school . 教学楼在学校的中心。
My hometown is in the east of Henan Province . 我的家乡在河南省的东部。
用在姓氏的复数之前
此时表示 “…一家夫妇”的概念
The Greens are going to Mount Tai next week . 格林一家人打算下周去泰山。
用在一些固定搭配和习惯用语中
常见的此类搭配有：
in the end 后来；终于
for the first time第一次
at the same time 同时
by the way 顺便提一下
all the time 直；总是
at the age of …在…岁时
例3 （2018吉林省实验中学一模36题1分）-Who is ____young man with long hair ?
-He’s a friend of mine .
A a B. an C. the D. /
解析 本题考查定冠词the的用法。根据本题语境可知，问句问的是“那个留长发的年轻男人是谁”， 此时要用定冠词the， 故答案为C
即时训练
（2018山东济南长清三月质量检测26题1分） -Do you know __ boy over there ?
-Yes, he likes playing _____basketball very much .
A the; B. a; the C. a; D. the ;a
考点三 零冠词
零冠词指不用冠词的情况。常见的零冠词的情况有：
在物质名词、抽象名词或一些专有名词之前
I had rice and chicken for lunch . 我午饭吃了米饭和鸡肉。
She enjoys listening to music . 她喜欢听音乐 。
Beijing is the capital of China . 北京是中国的首都 。
在表示泛指的复数名词之前。
Dogs and cats belong to animals 狗和猫都属于动物。
在月份、星期、节日或季节类词汇之前。
She was born in January , 2004. 她生于2004年1 月。
We played a jobe on our teacher on April Fools’ Day 我们在愚人节那天和我们的老师开了个玩笑。
They can play with snow in winter . 他们在冬天可以玩雪。
在三餐、棋类或球类名词之前。
Lisa often has bread and milk for breakfast 莉萨早餐经常吃面包、喝牛奶。
Can you play chess ?你会下国际象棋吗？
Mike is going to play basketball tomorrow . 迈克明天打算去打篮球。
【提示】通常情况下，三餐类名词前不必加冠词，但是，如果它们之前有形容词修饰，则其前不能缺少不定冠词。
They had a quick breakfast and went out this morning . 他们今天早上匆匆吃了早饭，然后就出去了。
在表示学科或语言的名词之前
His favorite subject is math . 他最喜欢的学科是数不这。
I can speak English , Japanise and French . 我会说英语、日语和法语。
在表示职位、身份、头衔和家庭成员的名词之前。
Doctor , I’m not feeling well today . 医生， 我今天觉得不太舒服。
President Trump plans to viist that country next month。 特朗普总统计划下个月去访问那个国家。
当名词前已经有指示代词、形容词物主代词或其他限定词时
My pen is much more expensive than yours . 我的钢笔比你的贵得多。
用在一些固定搭配和习惯用语中
常用的此类搭配有：
by bus乘坐公共汽车
by train 乘坐火车
at noon 在中午
at night 在夜晚
in trouble 处于困境中
in front of 在前面
stay in bed 卧床休息
in danger 处于危险中
go to school 去上学
go to bed 上床睡觉
day by day 一天天
face to face 面对面
at first 起初
in future 今后
例4 （2018湖南长沙广益中学每一次月考22题1分）-What’s the matter with you ?
-I caught a bad cold and had to stay in __bed .
A B. the C. a
解析 本题考查零冠词的固定搭配。答语的含义是 “我得了重感冒，不得不卧床休息”。stay in bed 意为 “卧床休息”，故答案为A
答案 A
即时训练
4.（2019山东济南历下期末26题1分） In China , you can see young people playing ____＿basketball everywhere.
A. a B. C. the D. an
考点四 基数词
1.基数词的构成
基数词用来表示精确的数量，100以下的基数词：
1-9
11-19
整十
整十之间
one
eleven
ten
-
two
twelve
twenty
twenty-two
three
thirteen
thirty
thirty-three
four
fourteen
forty
forty-four
five
fifteen
fifty
fifty-five
six
sixteen
sixty
sixty-six
seven
seventeen
seventy
seventy-seven
eight
eighteen
eighty
eighty-eight
nine
nineteen
ninety
ninety-nine
100-999之间的基数词要借助于hundred , 而且百位和十位之间要加and. 如：two hundred二百；six hundred and fifty-five六百万五十五
1000以上的基数词，从后面向后前数，每三位为一段，用逗号分开，所有的数字名称依次为thousand , million , billion , 如：
387，967 读作： three hundred and eighty-seven thousand , nine hundred and sixty-seven
2.基数词的用法
（1）表示时间或时刻。如：
half past five 五点半 two twenty 两点二十分
（2） 表示年龄。如：
The man is thirty-five years old . 那个男人3岁。
（3）表示编号或序号。如：
Class Five五班 Page 50 第五十页
（4） 表示长、宽、高等概念时，要用“基数词+单位词+long/wide/high…”.如：
Two meters long 两米长
（5）当基数词和形容词，名词一起构成复合词时，其中的名词要用单数形式。 如：
a five-hour meeting 一个五个小时的会议 an eight-year-old girl 一个八岁的女孩
（6） 表示 “不确切的年龄或年代”时要用几十的复数形式。 如：
She died of lung cancer in her forties . 她四十多负死于肺癌。
He became famous in the 1980s. 他在二十世纪八十年代变得有名气。
例5 （2018黑龙江哈尔滨风华中不安徽月月考2题1分） -How long is the bridge ?
-It’s _____．
Ａ300-meter-long B. 300-meters long C. 300 meters long
解析 答语的含义是 “它有300米长”， 表示 “300米长” 要用300 meters long . 故答案为C
答案 C
即时训练
5 （2019山东济南南历下期末31题1分）-Do you know that the Fuxing high-speed bullet train can travel at 350 km/h？
-Yes. And it only takes us _____ minutes from Beijng to Jinan now .
A eighth B. eight C. eighty-five D. eighty-fifth
考点五 序数词
1.序数词的构成
（1）第1，第2，第3写法各不相同。它们是：first , second , third .
(2)第4至第19大部分以基数词加-th结尾，少数例外。如：
fourth, fifth, sixth , seventh, eighth, ninth , tenth, eleventh, twelfth …
(3) 第20至第90之间的十位整数的写法是将y改为ie再加-th.如：
twentieth , thirtieth , …ninetieth
(4) 第21至第99（整十除外），十位用基数词，个位用序数词，如：
forty-fourth 第44， eighty-ninth 第89
【巧学妙记】基变序，有规律，词尾要加-th; 一二三，特殊记，词尾字母t, d,d; 八少t, 九去e,ve则以f替；整十变y为ie,后跟-th莫迟疑；要想表达几十几，只将个位变成序。
2.序数词的用法
（1）表示编号或序号 the second lesson the fifth picture
(2) 表示 “…岁生日” his tenth birthday Lisa’s twelfth birthday
(3) 表示 “…世纪” the eighteenth century
We are going to learn th esecond lesson today . 今天我们打算学习第二课。
He got a lot of presents on his eighteenth birthday .他在十八岁生日的时候收到了许多礼物。
This novel was popular in the gighteenth century . 这部小说在十八世纪很受欢迎。
【注意】序数词前还可以用不定冠词，此时表达的是 “又一；再一”的含义。
Please give me a second chance . 请再给我一次机会。
The poor woman had a third baby . 那个可怜的妇女又生了一个宝宝。
例6 （2018山东青岛大学附中十月阶段检测4题1分） My father gave me a bike on my ____birthday .
A ten B. a tenth C. the tenth D. tenth
解析 表示“在我的十岁生日时”要用on my tenth birthday , 其中birthday 之前要用序数词tenth .
即时训练
6 （2019吉林长春绿园期末35题1分）用所给词的适当形式填空
Take the elevator to the _____(three) flor and you can find the bookstore .
考点六 分数的构成和用法
分数的表达
构成：分子：基数词 分母：序数词 分子大于1时，分母要用序数词的复数。
举例： one third 三分之一 two thirds 三分之二 three fifths 五分之三
注意点： 表示“四分之….”时要用quarter 或fourth
表示 “二分之一”时要用a/one half
分数中可以加连字符，也可以不加
【注意】当 “分数+of+名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词要和of后的名词在人称和数上保持一致。如果of后的名词是不可数名词，谓语动词要用单数形式，如果of后的名词是可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：
About three fifths of the workers in the clothes factory are women . 这家服装厂里大约五分之三的工人是女工。
Nearly three fourths of the earth surface is covered by water . 将近四分之三的地球表面被水覆盖。
例7 （2019山东滨州五校每三次月考26题1分）There are fifty students in our class , and _______of us _____football .
two third ; likes B. two three ; like C. two thirds; likes D. two thirds; like
解析 表示“三分之二”要用two thirds , 先排除A 和B；主语是two thirds of us , 和us 搭配的词是like, 故答案D.
答案 D
即时答案
7 （2019四川南充二诊68题）根据句意和汉语意思写出所缺的单词
Three ______(四分之三) of the students have read the book Alice in Wonderland .
考点七 确切和不确切的数字概念
hunndred , thousand , million , billion 可以用来表示确切和不确切的数字概念。 具体如下：
确切的数字概念
基数词+hundred …..百
基数词+thousand ….千
基数词+million…百万
基数词+billion ….十亿
不确切的数字概念
hundreds of 数以百计的
thousands of 数以千计的
millions of 数以百万的
billions of 数以十亿计的
The company employs 30 thousand people . 这家公司雇了三万人。
On Sundays, hundreds of people come from the city to see our town and to walk through the woods . 每逢星期天，有数以百万的人从城里来观赏我们的镇子， 并在树林中散步 。
例8 （2018安徽合肥瑶海一模42题1分）The local government is encouraged to build _____cheap and good houses for the people in China .
hundreds B. thousands C. hundred D. thousands of
解析 thousands of 是固定搭配，意为“成千上万的；数以千计的” ，表示模糊的数字概念，故答案D。
答案 D
即时训练
8 （2019河北石家庄二十二中期中27题1分）The rich man gave away 5 ____＿＿money to the charity to help the poor children in Afria .
A millions B. million C. millions of D. million of
即时训练
B 2. C 3. A 4.B 5. C 6. third 7. quarters/fourth 8. B
专题一 冠词和数词中考全练
考点一 不定冠词
（2019湖南益阳中考21题1分） Mr. Brown has ____eight-year-old daughter . She is very lovely .
a B. an C. the
(2019重庆中考A卷21题1分) One of his daughters became ____English teacher last August .
a B. an C. the D.
(2019湖北孝感中考27题1分) Autumn is _____beautiful season with fresh air and fallen leaves .
/ B. an C. the D. a
(2019黑龙江绥化中考1题1分) “______apple a day keeps the doctor away.” is ______useful saying .
An; an B. An; a C. A; a
(2018云南中考21题1分) There is _____umbrella behind the door .
a B. an C. the D. 不填
（2018吉林中考26题1分）Yesterday’s concert was _____great success . All the people showed interest in it .
the B. an C. a
考点二 定冠词
(2019广东中考31题1分)______Great Wall is one of the seven wonders around the world .
The B. A C. An D.
(2019山东青岛中考2题1分)Qingdao is a beautiful city that lies in _____east of China .
an B. C. the D. a
(2019湖南郴州中考21题1分)-Who is _____woman in red ?
-She’s our chemistry teacher , Miss Li .
A. a B. an C. the
4. (2018山东临沂中考16题1分) The bed piano allows a music lover to play _____piano while he is lying in bed .
A. a B. an C. D. the
5. (2018四川成都中考31题1分) –Who is _____boy playing soccer over there ?
-He is my classmate, Li Ping .
A. a B. 不填 C. the
6. (2018湖南株洲中考26题1分)He likes watching the fifth channel ．____＿＿channel is about sports .
A. An B. The C. A
考点三 零冠词
（2019四川广元中考1题1分）Let’s play _____ volleyball .
B. the C. a
(2019江苏淮安中考1题1分) To save time , many students have _____ lunch at school every day .
a B. an C. D. the
(2018广东中考31题1分) _____new study says that going to ___＿＿＿bed late is harmful to our health .
; B. A; C. A; the D. The; the
(2018吉林长春中考11题1分) I enjoy having _____breakfast with my family at home . It makes me feel relaxed .
a B. an C. the D.
(2018四川凉山州中考28题1分) ____boy in a black hat is my brother . He often plays ____chess with my friends .
A. the B. The; C. The ; a D. A;
考点四 基数词
（2019湖南湘西中考24题1分） -How many books are there in the shelf ?
-Well . I think there are ______books .
A. two hundred and forty-six B. two hundreds and forty
C. two hundred fourteen
2. (2019黑龙江东地区中考3题1分)The apartment has ____floors and Mr. Green lives on the ___floor .
A. twelfth; twelfth B. twelve; twelfth C. twelfth ; twelve
3. (2018山东青岛中考4题1分) It’s my daughter’s birthday today . She’s _______years old .
A. eighteen B. eighteenth C. the eighteen D. the eighteenth
4. (2018湖南湘西中考28题1分) –Excuse me , Mary . Can you read “198” in English ?
-Yes, of course . _____ .
A. One hundred ninety-eight
B. One hundred nine eight
C. One hundred and ninety-eight
考点五 序数词
（2019贵州贵阳中考42题1分）There are 24 solar terms in a year . Grain Rain often starts in April , the ____month of the year.
third B. fourth C. fifth
(2019黑龙江哈尔滨中考7题1分)-We’ll celebrate the __＿＿National Day this year .
-This’s really exciting .
A. seventy B. seventeen C. seventieth .
3. （2019湖北襄阳中考35题1分） -Is Dongjin High-speed Railway Station the ____largest in Hubei Province?
-Yes, of course . It’s just a little smaller than the largest one in Wuhan .
A. first B. second C. third D. fourth
4. (2018湖南邵阳中考22题1分) My daughter is _____years old . Today is her _____ birthday .
A. nine; nineth B. nine ; ninth C. ninth ; nine
5. (2018四川中考22题1分) It’s _____ time that I have visited the Guanyin Lake
A. five B. the five C. fifth D. the fifth
考点六 分数的构成和用法
（2019贵州安顺中考23题1分） Nowadays , _____people like HUAWEI phones better , and about ____of them are adults .
the number of ; four-fifths
a number of ; four-fifth
a number of ; four-fifths
the number of ; four-five
(2018湖北黄冈中考27题1分) –Dad , about ____ of our classmates wear glasses.
-Oh, that’s terrible . You all should take good care of your eyes.
A. three fourth B. third fourth C. third fourths D. three quarters
3. (2018广东中考35题1分)According to a survey , four out of five women do housework at home , but only ____ of men would do it .
A. four fifth B. four fifths C. two fifth D. two fifths
考点七 确切和不确切的数字概念
(2019甘肃兰州中考28题1分)We gave away ____ books to the school library last year .
six thousands B. six thousand
C six thousands of D. six thousand of
2 (2018重庆中考A卷26题1分)______visitors came to take photos of Hongyadoing during the vacation .
Thousand B. Thousand of C. Thousands D. Thousands of
3 (2018黑龙江龙东地区中考3题1分)The ice and snow in Harbin is beautiful , so every winter _____tourists come here.
two million of B. millions of C. million of
参考答案
考点一
1-5 BBDBB 6.C
考点二
1-5 ACCDC 6.B
考点三
1-5 ACBDB
考点四
1-4 ABAC
考点五
1-5 BCBBD
考点六
1-3 CDD
考点七
1-5 BDB
专题二 冠词和数词模拟全练
I 单项选择
-What do you usually have for breakfast ?
-A glass of milk , ______egg and some bread .
A. an B. a C. the
2. –Do you like playing basketball ?
-Yes. It is ______ active sport .
A. a B. an C. the D.
3. Bob can play ____ soccer but he can’t play _____ violin .
A. the; the B. ; C. the ; D. ; the
4. –Look at ____ boy over there.
-He is _____ friendly child . He is warm
A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a
5. –Could you tell me something about France ? I’m interested in the country .
-Sorry , I only know that it’s _____ European country . You can search it on _____ Internet .
A. an ; the B. a; the C. an ; a D. a; an
6. –The Wandering Earth is such _____ wonderful movie that I want to see it ____ second time .
-Me, too. I love the story most .
A. a; a B. a; the C. ; the D. ; a
7. Mrs. Miller has three children . David is her ______ child.
A. four B. seven C. eighth D. second
8. –How many hours do you sleep every night ?
-About _____ hours . From 9:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.
A. nine B. nineteen C. ninth D. ninety
9. –Do you know when Thanksgiving Day is ?
-Yes, it’s on _____Thursday of November.
A. fourteen B. the fourteenth C. the fourth D. four
10. It is said that _____ of the water around the world _____ polluted .
A. two third; has B. two thirds ; have C. two third ; are D. two thirds ; is
11. –Jack , let’s go for a picnic on Sunday .
-That’s ______ good idea .
A. a B. an C. the D.
12. The husband was so happy because his beautiful wife gave birth to _____ 8-pound baby last night .
A. the B. a C. an D.
13. –What do you think of David ?
-He is _____ honest boy and we all like him . He is from _____ European country .
A. a; a B. a; an C. an; a D. an; an
14. –Excuse me , sir . Where’s the bookstore ?Is it on the first floor ?
-No. It’s on the _____ floor .
A. first B. third C. seven D. eight
15. _____ of the hot water has already been used up .
A. Two third B. two thirds C. Two three
16. Everybody should play a part in saving ______ earth .
A. a B. an C. the D.
17. He is ____ unusual writer and he wrote ____ useful book .
A. a; an B. a; a C. an; an D. an; a
18. There is _____ “h” in the world dishonest . Don’t forget the letter when you spell the word .
A. a B. an C.
II. 根据汉语、首字母提示或用所给词的适当形式填空。
April is the _______ (four) month of a year .
–When is your birthday ?
-It’s the n_______ （第九） day of September .
3. Mother’s Day falls on the _______(第二) Sunday of May every year .
4. From now on I’ll live on the _____(fifteen ) floor of this tall building .
参考答案
I 1-5ABDDB 6-10 ADACD 11-15 ACCBB 16-18 CDB
II. 1.fourth 2. ninth 3. second 4. fifteenth
