2020中考英语新话题-新冠状病毒学案
A. Listen and fill in the blanks
In December 2019, there was a cluster of pneumonia cases in China. Investigations found that it was caused by a 1.______ 2._______ virus – now named the 2019 Novel
Coronavirus. In this video, we’ll take a quick look at what’s 3. ________ known about the virus. Keep in mind that this is a new virus and what’s known about the virus now might 4. ________ in the future.
Coronaviruses are a large 5.________of viruses. They 6.________ of a core of genetic material surrounded by an7. __________ with protein spikes. This gives it the
8.______ of a crown. Crown in Latin is called “corona” and that’s how these viruses get their name.
There are different 9._________ of coronaviruses that cause respiratory and sometimes gastrointestinal symptoms. Respiratory disease can range from the common cold to pneumonia. And in most people, the symptoms10. ______to be mild. However, there are some types of coronaviruses that can cause 11._________
12.________. These include the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus first 13.________in China in 2003 and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus that was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012.
The 2019 Novel Coronavirus was first identified in China. It 14._________
15.________ in a group of people with pneumonia who’d been 16._________with a seafood and live animal market in the city of Wuhan. The disease has since17.___________ from those who were sick to others, including family members and health care staff. There are many cases at 18.______________ and the disease has spread within China and also to a number of other countries.
So, where did the virus come from?
It’s known that coronaviruses circulate in a range of animals. Sometimes these viruses can make the jump from animals to humans. This is called a spillover and could be due to a range of factors such as mutations in the virus or increased contact between humans and animals. For example, MERS-CoV is known to be transmitted from camels and SARS-CoV, from civet cats. The animal reservoir of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus is not known yet.
How is it transmitted?
The exact dynamics of how the virus is transmitted is yet to be determined. In general, respiratory viruses are usually transmitted through droplets created when an infected person coughs or sneezes, or through something that has been contaminated with the virus.
People most at risk of infection from the Novel Coronavirus are those in close contact with animals, such as live animal market workers, and those who are caring for people infected with the virus, such as family members or healthcare workers.
So, how does the disease present?
Well, from what is known so far, there can be a number of symptoms ranging from mild to severe. There can be fever and respiratory symptoms such as cough and shortness of breath. In more severe cases, there’s been pneumonia, kidney failure, and death. The mortality rate is not known yet.
How can we tell whether someone is infected?
The infection can be diagnosed by a test called PCR or Polymerase Chain Reaction. This test identifies the virus based on its genetic fingerprint. There is currently no specific medication for the virus and treatment is supportive care. There’s currently no vaccine to protect against the virus. Treatment and vaccines are in development.
B. Describe the pictures in Chinese
infographics: symptoms: transmission pneumonia: prevention: phlegm: risk factor:
C. Answer the questions
This new virus currently has a limited geographic spread. However, there are a number of standard hygiene practices that have been recommended to protect against infection and further spread. These include covering your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing with a medical mask, tissue or flexed elbow; avoiding close contact with those who are unwell; the appropriate use of masks and personal protective equipment, especially in a healthcare setting; washing hands regularly with soap and water, or alcohol-based hand rub. Actions that can be taken to prevent infection from an animal source include: avoiding unnecessary unprotected contact with animals; washing hands after contact with animals or animal products; and ensuring that animal products are cooked thoroughly before they’re consumed.
It’s important to stay home if you’re feeling unwell. But if you have a fever, cough, and difficulty breathing, seek medical care early and share your previous travel history with your healthcare provider.
That’s a quick look at this emerging infectious disease. Given that this outbreak is evolving rapidly, what’s known about this virus can change, please check the websites below for the most up-to-date information.
What are the standard hygiene practices that can protect against infection and further spread of Novel Coronavirus?
What should you do if you’re feeling unwell?
What should you do if you have a fever, cough, and difficulty breathing?
What is the purpose of the passage?
.
What is the style/type of the passage?
2020中考英语新话题-新冠状病毒学案
What you should know about Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)新型冠状病毒
In December 2019, there was a cluster of pneumonia cases in China. Investigations found that it was caused by a previously unknown virus – now named the 2019 Novel Coronavirus. In this video, we’ll take a quick look at what’s currently known about the virus. Keep in mind that this is a new virus and what’s known about the virus now might change in the future.
Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses. They consist of a core of genetic material surrounded by an envelope with protein spikes. This gives it the appearance of a crown. Crown in Latin is called “corona” and that’s how these viruses get their name.
There are different types of coronaviruses that cause respiratory and sometimes gastrointestinal symptoms. Respiratory disease can range from the common cold to pneumonia. And in most people, the symptoms tend to be mild. However, there are some types of coronaviruses that can cause severe disease. These include the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus first identified in China in 2003 and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus that was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012.
The 2019 Novel Coronavirus was first identified in China. It initially occurred in a group of people with pneumonia who’d been associated with a seafood and live animal market in the city of Wuhan. The disease has since spread from those who were sick to others, including family members and health care staff. There are many cases at present and the disease has spread within China and also to a number of other countries.
So, where did the virus come from?
It’s known that coronaviruses circulate in a range of animals. Sometimes these viruses can make the jump from animals to humans. This is called a spillover and could be due to a range of factors such as mutations in the virus or increased contact between humans and animals. For example, MERS-CoV is known to be transmitted from camels and SARS-CoV, from civet cats. The animal reservoir of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus is not known yet.
How is it transmitted?
The exact dynamics of how the virus is transmitted is yet to be determined. In general, respiratory viruses are usually transmitted through droplets created when an infected person coughs or sneezes, or through something that has been contaminated with the virus.
People most at risk of infection from the Novel Coronavirus are those in close contact with animals, such as live animal market workers, and those who are caring for people infected with the virus, such as family members or healthcare workers.
So, how does the disease present?
Well, from what is known so far, there can be a number of symptoms ranging from mild to severe. There can be fever and respiratory symptoms such as cough and shortness of breath. In more severe cases, there’s been pneumonia, kidney failure, and death. The mortality rate is not known yet.
How can we tell whether someone is infected?
The infection can be diagnosed by a test called PCR or Polymerase Chain Reaction. This test identifies the virus based on its genetic fingerprint. There is currently no specific medication for the virus and treatment is supportive care. There’s currently no vaccine to protect against the virus. Treatment and vaccines are in development.
infographics: 信息图 transmission：传播
prevention: 预防
risk factor: 风险因素
symptoms: 症状
pneumonia: 肺炎
phlegm: 痰
C. 回答问题
How do we prevent transmission of the virus? 标题学生版没有，需引导总结主旨
This new virus currently has a limited geographic spread. However, there are a number of standard hygiene practices that have been recommended to protect against infection and further spread. These include covering your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing with a medical mask, tissue or flexed elbow; avoiding close contact with those who are unwell; the appropriate use of masks and personal protective equipment, especially in a healthcare setting; washing hands regularly with soap and water, or alcohol-based hand rub. Actions that can be taken to prevent infection from an animal source include: avoiding unnecessary unprotected contact with animals; washing hands after contact with animals or animal products; and ensuring that animal products are cooked thoroughly before they’re consumed.
It’s important to stay home if you’re feeling unwell. But if you have a fever, cough, and
difficulty breathing, seek medical care early and share your previous travel history with your healthcare provider.
That’s a quick look at this emerging infectious disease. Given that this outbreak is evolving rapidly, what’s known about this virus can change, please check the websites below for the most up-to-date information.
What are the standard hygiene practices that can protect against infection and further spread of Novel Coronavirus?
Covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing with a medical mask,
tissue or flexed elbow; avoiding close contact with those who are unwell; the appropriate use of masks and personal protective equipment, especially in a healthcare setting; washing hands regularly with soap and water, or alcohol- based hand rub.
What should you do if you’re feeling unwell? I should stay at home.
What should you do if you have a fever, cough, and difficulty breathing?
I should seek medical care early and share my previous travel history with my healthcare provider.
What is the purpose of the passage?
To introduce how we prevent transmission of the virus.
What is the style/type of the passage?
New media. （新媒体文章）（因为是出现在网络上、配视频的文章）
重点词汇
novel coronavirus 新型冠状病毒
genetic material 遗传物质
protein spikes 蛋白质长钉
respiratory呼吸道的
gastrointestinal胃肠的
severe acute respiratory syndrome严重急性呼吸道综合症：
spillover 溢出、外泄
kidney failure 肾衰竭
polymerase chain reaction 聚合酶链反应
droplets 滴液；飞沫
hygiene 卫生
病毒测试呈阳性：test positive for the virus
病毒的传染性：infectiousness of the virus
潜伏期：incubation period
疫情：epidemic situation
病毒源头：source of the virus
传播途径：transmission routes
人传人：human-to-human transmission/spread from human to human
确诊肺炎病例：confirmed cases of pneumonia
被诊断出肺炎：be diagnosed with pneumonia
抗体和疫苗研发：develop antibodies and vaccines
发烧、乏力、干咳和呼吸困难等症状：have symptoms such as fever, fatigue, cough
and trouble breathing
严重的呼吸困难：severe breathing difficulties
不去人多的地方：avoid going to crowded spaces
确保室内通风：ensure the shared spaces a good air flow
避免接触有流感或感冒症状的人：avoid close contact with people having flu or cold-
like symptoms
增强免疫系统：strengthen one's immune system
待在家里：stay at home
戴口罩：wear masks
