高中英语人教版必修5Unit5 First aid课件教学案（打包10套）

Section Ⅰ　Pre?reading (Warming Up & Reading)
课前预习自测


烧伤的急救
皮肤是身体必不可少的部分，也是身体的最大器官。皮肤有三层，它们是防病、防毒、抵御太阳有害光线侵害的一道屏障。皮肤的功能十分复杂。皮肤可以保暖或御寒，保持体内水分。正是皮肤使你感到冷热、疼痛，它还使你有触觉。因此，你可以想象到，如果你的皮肤烧伤了，就可能非常严重。在治疗烧伤的过程中，紧急处理是非常重要的第一步。
烧伤的原因：
你可能由于各种原因而烧伤：灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射(由于靠近高温或大火)、阳光、电和化学物品。



烧伤的种类：
烧伤有三类。根据皮肤烧伤的层次分为一度烧伤、二度烧伤和三度烧伤。
·一度烧伤：只损伤皮层的最上层。这些烧伤并不严重，应当在一两天内就有好转。例如轻度的晒伤，由于短暂接触热锅、火炉或熨斗而导致的烫伤。
·二度烧伤：既损伤了皮肤的最上层，又损伤了皮质的第二层。这些烧伤属于严重的烧伤，需几星期才能痊愈。例如严重的晒伤和灼热的液体所造成的烧伤。
·三度烧伤：所有三层皮质以及皮下的组织和器官都受到损害。例如由电击引起的烧伤，因衣服起火引起的烧伤，或因汽油起火引起的烧伤。这些烧伤都属于非常严重的烧伤，受伤者必须立即送往医院。




烧伤的特性：
一度烧伤：?干燥、发红、微肿
?微痛
?受压时变白
二度烧伤：?粗糙、发红、肿胀
?起水泡
?表层渗液
?极其疼痛　
三度烧伤：?黑、白和焦炭色相间
?肿胀，可看到皮下组织
?若损害了神经，则没有疼痛或轻微
疼痛，或者在创面四周有疼感




急救处理：
1．除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把它脱掉(必要时可用剪刀帮助)。靠近创面的其他衣物和首饰也都要取掉。
2．马上用凉水给伤口冲凉，但不能用冰水。最好是把烧伤的部位放在慢速流动的自来水下冲洗大约10分钟。(凉水可以阻止烧伤的进程，可以防止无法忍受的疼痛，还可以减轻肿胀程度)。三度烧伤不可用冷水冲。
3．对于一度烧伤的患者，要把清凉干净的湿布放在烧伤面上，直到疼痛感较轻时为止。对于二度烧伤，要保持湿布清凉，需把湿布放回冷水盆中，拧出水后再放在烧伤面上，这样要反反复复地做一个小时左右，直到不太痛时为止。
4．轻轻地把烧伤面弄干，但不要擦拭，因为这样做可能会擦破水泡，导致伤口感染。
5．用干而清洁又不粘皮肤的绷带盖住烧伤面，用胶布把绷带固定。千万不要在烧伤处涂黄油、油或软膏，因为这会使里面的热散不出去，而且还可能导致感染。
6．如果烧伤的部位在臂部和腿部，尽可能把手臂或腿脚抬高到高于心脏的位置。如果是面部烧伤，伤者则应该坐起来。
7．如果属于二度或三度烧伤，就必须立即把患者送往医院或送去看医生。
课堂合作探究
1.First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found.(教材P33)
急救就是在找到医生之前对突然生病或受伤的人给予临时性的帮助。
?aid n．& vt. 帮助；援助；资助


归纳拓展 (1)first aid (对伤患者的)急救 do/offer/give/perform/carry out first aid to sb. 对某人进行急救 in aid of ... 为了帮助…… with the aid of ... 在……帮助下，借助于…… come to one's aid 来帮助某人 (2)aid v. 帮助；援助 aid ( ... ) in sth./doing sth. 在某事/做某事上帮助…… aid sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 aid sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事

①They pulled the man from the water and gave him first aid.
他们把那个人拉上岸并实施了急救。
②The guide was a great aid to us in our trip.
在我们的旅行中，向导对我们帮助很大。
③With the aid of our teachers, we learned how to perform first aid.
在老师们的帮助下，我们学会了如何进行急救。
④One of the staff saw he was in difficulty and came to his aid.
一名工作人员见他有困难，便过来帮忙。
⑤Calcium may aid in the prevention of cancer.
钙可能有助于预防癌症。

【即景活用1】(1)单句语法填空
①They were accused of aiding him his escape.
②Thank you for aiding me the work.
答案：①in　②with
(2)单句写作
①They collected a lot of money the poor girl.
他们募捐了很多钱以帮助那个可怜的女孩。
②They encouraged him and his scientific studies.
他们鼓励他并协助他进行科学研究。
答案：①in aid of　②aided him in/with
?fall ill 生病

归纳拓展 fall into the habit of ... 形成……的习惯 fall into debt 欠债 fall silent 安静下来 fall asleep 入睡；睡着 fall behind 落后 fall down 跌倒 fall in love with ... 爱上……

①I fell asleep while reading the very dull book.
我在阅读这本很乏味的书的时候睡着了。
②The teacher fell ill suddenly while she was giving class. Since then she has been ill for half a year.
那位老师上课时突然生病。自那时起她已经病了半年了。
③He didn't want to fall behind others in his studies.
他不想在学习上落后于别人。
④(2016·天津高考)I learned that if you fall in love with something and do it all the time, you will get better at it.
我了解到如果你喜欢某件事，并且一直在做，那么你最终会做好的。

【即景活用2】单句写作
①Her husband for a long time and is unable to work.
她丈夫病了很长一段时间，不能去工作了。
②They each other at first sight.
他们一见钟情。
③Don't smoking.
别沾染上吸烟的坏习惯。
④It took him a long time to .
他过了很久才睡着。
答案：①has been ill　②fell in love with　③fall into the bad habit of　④fall asleep
2．Often the illness or injury is not serious, but there are other times when giving first aid quickly can save lives.(教材P33)
通常情况下患者的病情或伤势并不严重，但有些时候，给予迅速急救能挽救人的生命。

?injury n. 损害；损伤；伤害(感情、名誉等)

归纳拓展 (1)receive an injury 受伤 injury to ... 对……的伤害 do an injury to sb./do sb. an injury 伤害某人 (2)injured adj. 受伤的 the injured 伤者(作主语，谓语动词用复数) get injured 受伤 (3)injure vt. 伤害，损害

①The driver of the car received serious injuries to the legs and arms.
那位汽车司机的双腿和双臂严重受伤。
②(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.
这些气味(化学物质)是植物受伤的部分发出来的，好像是一个警报器。
③The moment the terrible accident happened, ambulances rushed the injured to the hospital.
那起可怕的事故一发生，救护车就把受伤的人火速送到医院。
④Don't do that. You'll do yourself an injury/get injured.
别那样做。你会把自己弄伤的。
【即景活用】单句语法填空
①(2018·北京高考)A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles (injure) and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train.
②Many common (injure) happen every day at home.
答案：①was injured　②injuries
课文预学检测
Ⅰ.Fast?reading
Read the text quickly and then try to write down the main idea.
The passage mainly tells us types of burns and for burns.
答案：three; first aid

Ⅱ.Careful?reading
Choose the best answers according to the passage.
1．The largest organ of your body is the .
A．brain B．mouth
C．stomach D．skin
答案：D
2．If someone gets burned and his hands get black and white and charred, the burns belong to .
A．the first degree B．the second degree
C．the third degree D．none of the above
答案：C
3．Why should we dry the burned area gently?
A．Because the person will cry.
B．Because rubbing may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.
C．Because the burns are on the face.
D．Because it will make the person feel good.
答案：B
4．What's the main idea of the text?
A．The burns and the first aid treatment.
B．The characteristics of burns.
C．The function of the skin.
D．How to carry out the first aid for burns.
答案：A



课后演练提能
[基础题]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured (踝) hurt badly.
答案：ankle
2．My little brother walked into my room wearing a (绷带) on his wounded head.
答案：bandage
3．He suffered a (暂时的，临时的) loss of memory.
答案：temporary
4．The Yangtze River is a natural (屏障) to the northeast.
答案：barrier
5．A cold, fever and headache are the usual (症状；征兆) of flu.
答案：symptoms
6．The insect?bite made her finger (肿胀)．
答案：swell
7．(2017·浙江高考)Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a (多样) of answers.
答案：variety
8．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The world is more (复杂的) than it seems.
答案：complex
9．After (挤出) the water out of the shirt, she hung it in the sun.
答案：squeezing
10．Sun creams work by blocking the sun's harmful (辐射)．
答案：radiation
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The attack was a severe (injure) to his reputation.
答案：injury
2．We completed the task the aid of multi?media.
答案：with
3．She almost (choke) to death in the thick smoke.
答案：choked
4．If you stick practising the piano, you can become a good pianist sooner or later.
答案：to
5．The cut on my finger (blood) a lot when I was hurt yesterday.
答案：bled
6．He resigned for a (various) of reasons.
答案：variety
7．“I think you've made a mistake，” he said (mild)．
答案：mildly
8．There are too many big factories blowing out dangerous smoke and letting out (poison) chemicals into rivers.
答案：poisonous
9．Reading over and over again is vital importance to English study.
答案：of
10．I had thought I could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday, but the pain was really (bear)．
答案：unbearable
[能力题]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2017·北京高考)It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball team were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm. Eighth?grader Taylor Bisbee shivered (发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didn't know each other well—Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before.
Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground. “Paris's eyes rolled back，” Taylor says. “She started shaking. I knew it was an emergency.”
It certainly was. Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die. At first, no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR？”
CPR is a life?saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person's chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen, the brain is damaged quickly.
Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn't think she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR. “It was scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death，” says Taylor.
Taylor's swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic device (器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them: Paris's heartbeat returned.
“I know I was really lucky，” Paris says now. “Most people don't survive this. My team saved my life.”
Experts say Paris is right：For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.
Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. “I feel more confident in my actions now，” Taylor says. “I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在寒冷的三月的一天，垒球队的姑娘们在训练时发生的惊心动魄的一幕——Paris突发心力衰竭，生死关头，队友Taylor勇敢地站出来，对她进行心肺复苏，最终使她平安脱险。
1．What happened to Paris on a March day?
A．She caught a bad cold.
B．She had a sudden heart problem.
C．She was knocked down by a ball.
D．She shivered terribly during practice.
答案：B　细节理解题。由第三段第二句可知，Paris突发心脏病。故选B。
2．Why does Paris say she was lucky?
A．She made a worthy friend.
B．She recovered from shock.
C．She received immediate CPR.
D．She came back on the softball team.
答案：C　推理判断题。由倒数第三段Paris的话可知，这种情况下，多数人都很难存活，她是非常幸运的，是团队救了她，故选C项“她得到了及时的心肺复苏术”。
3．Which of the following words can best describe Taylor?
A．Enthusiastic and kind.
B．Courageous and calm.
C．Cooperative and generous.
D．Ambitious and professional.
答案：B　推理判断题。由第五段可知，Taylor虽然对自己的技术不太自信，但在没有其他人站出来的情况下，仍然跑向Paris并开始做心肺复苏术，她心里清楚，这是生与死的区别，由此可以推测Taylor是非常勇敢而且冷静的。故选B。


1．emergency n. 紧急情况；突发事件
2．CPR n. 心肺复苏；人工呼吸
3．survival n. 幸存；继续生存；残存物

1．in shock 震惊/吃惊地；休克
2．under pressure 在压力之下；迫于压力

Ⅱ.完形填空
A Race Against Death
It was a cold January in 1925 in Nome, Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.
On the 20th of that month, Dr Welch 1 a sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly infectious (传染的) disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be 2 if it struck the town. Dr Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. 3 ， the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away, in Anchorage.
How could the medicine get to Nome? The town's 4 was already full of ice, so it couldn't come by ship. Cars and horses couldn't travel on the 5 roads. Jet airplanes and big trucks didn't exist yet.
6 January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twenty more were 7 . Nome's town officials came up with a(n) 8 . They would have the medicine sent by 9 from Anchorage to Nenana. From there, dogsled (狗拉雪橇) drivers—known as “mushers”—would 10 it to Nome in a relay (接力)．
The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night. 11 he handed the medicine to the next musher, Shannon's face was black from the extreme cold.
On January 31, a musher named Seppala had to 12 a frozen body of water called Norton Sound. It was the most 13 part of the journey. Norton Sound was covered with ice, which could sometimes break up without warning. If that happened, Seppala might fall into the icy water below. He would 14 ， and so would the sick children of Nome. But Seppala made it across.
A huge snowstorm hit on February 1. A musher named Kaasen had to brave this storm. At one point, huge piles of snow blocked his 15 . He had to leave the trail (雪橇痕迹) to get around them. Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to 16 the trail again. The only hope was Balto, Kaasen's lead dog. Balto put his nose to the ground, 17 to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail. If Balto failed, it would mean disaster for Nome. The minutes passed by. Suddenly, Balto began to 18 . He had found the trail.
At 5：30 am on February 2, Kaasen and his dogs 19 in Nome. Within minutes, Dr Welch had the medicine. He quickly gave it to the sick children. All of them recovered.
Nome had been 20 .
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。1925年寒冷的一月，阿拉斯加的一个叫Nome的小镇因为大雪而与外界隔绝了，就在这时，该镇上的很多孩子感染上了一种传染性极强的疾病。治疗这种病的药物由于冰雪天气无法送达。最后人们想出办法，用狗拉雪橇接力运送的方法，展开了一场与死神的赛跑，最终将药物及时送达，挽救了孩子们。
1．A.examined B．warned
C．interviewed D．cured
答案：A　根据下文“knew he had diphtheria”可知，医生给小男孩做了检查。故选A。
2．A.harmless B．helpless
C．fearless D．careless
答案：B　根据上文“mainly affecting children”可知，这种传染病如果在整个小镇爆发，很多小孩都会无力抵抗，即没有生还的希望。故选B。
3．A.Moreover B．Therefore
C．Otherwise D．However
答案：D　Welch大夫需要立即得到药品，而最近的药物供应地离这儿有一千多英里。前后两句话之间是转折关系，故答案为D项。moreover “此外，而且”；therefore “因此，所以”；otherwise “否则，不然”；however “然而，可是”。
4．A.airport B．station
C．harbor D．border
答案：C　根据本句中的“it couldn't come by ship”可知药品不能用船运进来，因为这儿停靠船的港口都是冰。
5．A.narrow B．snowy
C．busy D．dirty
答案：B　根据第一段中的“due to heavy snow”可知此处应该是：汽车和马无法在被雪覆盖的路上跑。narrow “狭窄的”；snowy “被雪覆盖的”；busy “繁忙的，忙碌的”；dirty “肮脏的”。
6．A.From B．On
C．By D．After
答案：C　截止到1月26号，Billy和其他三个孩子已经死了。根据谓语动词had died可知此处应该用介词by＋具体时间，表示“到……时”。
7．A.tired B．upset
C．pale D．sick
答案：D　四个孩子已经死了，还有20个孩子正在发病中。根据后文第14空后的“the sick children”可知答案为D项。tired “劳累的，疲劳的”；upset “难过的，心烦意乱的”；pale “苍白的”；sick “生病的”。
8．A.plan B．excuse
C．message D．topic
答案：A　根据下文“They would have the medicine sent ... in a relay (接力)．”可知，此处指官员想出了一个运输药物的方案。故选A。
9．A.air B．rail
C．sea D．road
答案：B　根据第五段第二句中的“from the train at Nenana”可知，此处指通过铁路运输。故选B。
10．A.carry B．return
C．mail D．give
答案：A　根据语境可知，此处应指将药物运到Nome小镇。故选A。
11．A.Though B．Since
C．When D．If
答案：C　当Shannon把药品交到下一个人手里时，他的脸已被严寒冻青了。根据语境可知用when引导时间状语从句。
12．A.enter B．move
C．visit D．cross
答案：D　根据下文“But Seppala made it across.”可知，此处表示穿过。故选D。
13．A.shameful B．boring
C．dangerous D．foolish
答案：C　根据下句的描述冰可能会在毫无征兆的情况下破裂，所以这段路程是最危险的。shameful “可耻的，丢脸的”；boring “无聊的，烦人的”；dangerous “危险的”；foolish “愚蠢的”。
14．A.escape B．bleed
C．swim D．die
答案：D　根据上文“fall into the icy water below”可知，此处指Seppala会有失去生命的危险。故选D。
15．A.memory B．exit
C．way D．destination
答案：C　根据下文“He had to leave the trail (雪橇痕迹) to get around them.”可知，当走到一个地方时，大堆的雪挡住了前进的道路(way)。memory “记忆，记忆力”；exit “出口”；destination “目的地”。
16．A.find B．fix
C．pass D．change
答案：A　当时的情况非常糟糕，他根本不可能找到(find)雪橇痕迹。
17．A.pretending B．trying
C．asking D．learning
答案：B　这只领头的狗把鼻子贴在地面上，努力寻找其他狗拉着雪橇时留下的气味。try to do sth. “努力做某事”。
18．A.run B．leave
C．bite D．play
答案：A　突然这只狗开始奔跑(run)起来，因为它找到了雪橇痕迹。
19．A.gathered B．stayed
C．camped D．arrived
答案：D　根据语境可知，终于在2月2号凌晨5：30，Kaasen和他的狗到达了Nome镇。
20．A.controlled B．saved
C．founded D．developed
答案：B　根据上文“All of them recovered.”可知，此处表示Nome小镇得救了。故选B。
Ⅲ.短文改错
We had a discussion on “overnight?fame” last week. Nowadays, many people were crazy about instant fame and wealthy. To be honest, it is not bad be famous or have a lot of money, but I don't agree with the view which people rise to fame overnight. We all know “easy come, easy go”. Let's take Li An as the example. Only after his hard work did he become successful. Or more similar cases can be listed if need. What I do believe is that the process in which we try your best. It is what we have experienced along the way to success that we treasure and enjoy mostly.
答案：
We had a discussion on “overnight?fame” last week. Nowadays, many people crazy about instant fame and . To be honest, it is not bad be famous or have a lot of money, but I don't agree with the view people rise to fame overnight. We all know “easy come, easy go”. Let's take Li An as example. Only after his hard work did he become successful. more similar cases can be listed if . What I do believe is eq \o(,\s\do15(⑧)) the process in which we try best. It is what we have experienced along the way to success that we treasure and enjoy .
难项分析：
第二处：wealthy→wealth　考查名词。and连接两个名词，由fame为名词可知，此处用wealth。
第六处：Or→And　考查并列连词。根据语境可知，此处是并列关系，并非转折关系。
第七处：need→needed　考查状语从句的省略。if needed＝if they are needed。此处是状语从句的省略用法。当主从句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词的某种形式时，可将从句中的主语和be动词省略。








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(共93张PPT)
Section Ⅰ　Pre?reading (Warming Up & Reading)
课前预习自测
课堂合作探究
课文预学检测
课后演练提能
HJ
目






Section Ⅱ　The Language Points of Reading
课前重点检测
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1．injure (vt.) 损伤；伤害→injury (n.) 损伤；伤害→ injured (adj.) 受伤的
2．blood (n.) 血→bleed (v.) 流血→bled (过去式/过去分词)
3．cupboard (n.) 橱柜；衣柜
4．poisonous (adj.) 有毒的→poison (n.) 毒药；毒害 (vt.) 毒害；使中毒
5．simple (adj.) 简单的→complex (adj.) (反义词)复杂的
6．wild (adj.) 野生的；狂暴的→ mild (adj.) (反义词)轻微的；温和的；温柔的→ mildly (adv.) 轻微地；温和地
7．electricity (n.) 电→ electric (adj.) 生电的；带电的
8．swell (v.) (使)膨胀；隆起→ swollen (adj.) 肿胀的
9．bear (v.) 忍受；容忍→bearable (adj.) 可忍受的；可容忍的→ unbearable (adj.) (反义词)难以忍受的；不能容忍的
10．band (n.) 乐队；一帮人；带；箍 (vt.) 给……分等级→bandage (n.) 绷带
11．vary (vi.) 变化→ variety (n.) 变化；多样(化)→ various (adj.) 各种各样的
12．permanent (adj.) 永久的→temporary (adj.) (反义词)暂时的；临时的
13．symptom (n.) 症状；征兆→symptomatic (adj.) 有症状的
14．squeeze (v.) 挤；榨；压榨→squeezer (n.) 榨汁器
15．choke (v.) (使)噎住；(使)窒息→choked (adj.) 心烦意乱的；生气的→choker (n.) 贴颈项链；项圈
16．liquid (n.) 液体→solid (n.) 固体→gas (n.) 气体
17．first aid 急救
18．a sense of touch 触觉
19．knock over 打翻；撞倒
20．pick off 去除；剪掉
21．over and over again 反复；多次
22．electric shock 触电；电休克
23．squeeze out 榨出；挤出
24．in place 在适当的位置；适当
25．a variety of 各种各样的
26．be close to 靠近
27．fall ill 生病
Ⅱ.教材原句
1．First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls or gets (injure) before a doctor can be found.
答案：ill; injured
2．The skin is an essential part of your body and its (large) organ.
答案：largest
3．You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier disease, poisons and the sun's harmful rays.
答案：against
4．So you can imagine, if your skin gets (burn) it can be very serious.
答案：as; burned
5．Examples include burns caused by (electricity) shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires.
答案：electric
6．Remove clothing using scissors necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.
答案：if
7．The cool water stops the burning process, prevents the pain becoming (bear) and reduces swelling.
答案：unbearable
8．For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, (squeeze) them out and placing them on the burned area over and over for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.
答案：squeezing; again
9．If the injuries are second or third degree burns, is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.
答案：it
10．Sam broke the blisters and (pour) icy water from the fridge onto the skin.
答案：poured
课堂分段精讲
[第1行]
1．You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun's harmful rays.(教材P33)
皮肤有三层，作为屏障可以防病、防毒、抵御太阳有害光线的侵害。
?poison n. 毒药；毒害　vt. 使中毒；下毒于；毒杀



归纳拓展 (1)poison one's mind(s) with ... 用……毒害某人的思想 poison ... with ... 用……污染/毒害……(2)poisonous adj. 有毒的；有害的

①What should you do if a person has drunk poison by mistake?
如果有人误喝了毒药，你该怎么办？

②Teachers are not allowed to poison the children's minds with their own opinions.
不许教师以个人的观点去毒害孩子们的思想。
③This kind of plant has poisonous roots.
这种植物的根有毒。


【即景活用】单句语法填空
①Bitten by a snake, Mary was soon (poison) to death.
②If plastic and rubber are burnt, they'll give off (poison) gases.
答案：①poisoned　②poisonous
[第2行]
2．The functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from losing too much water; it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch.(教材P33)
皮肤的功能也十分复杂：它能保暖或散热，防止体内水分过多流失。正是皮肤让你感到冷热和疼痛，它还使你有触觉。

[剖析]　句中it is where you feel cold，heat or pain是由连接副词where引导的表语从句，where意为“……的地方”，在从句中作地点状语。

归纳拓展 表语从句的连接代词有：what, who, which, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；连接副词有：when, where, why, how等；连词有：that, whether, as if, as though等

①(2018·北京高考)Without his support, we wouldn't be where we are now.
没有他的支持，我们就不会是现在这个样子。
②The question is whether they will be able to help us.
问题是他们是否能帮我们。
③(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non?science articles.
他的早期发现之一是科学领域的文章比非科学领域的更有可能登上排行榜。

【即景活用】单句语法填空
①The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be entirely free from dust.
②(2018·北京高考)This is my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
③A reading room is you can read newspapers and magazines as well as books.
答案：①that　②what　③where
[第4行]
3．So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.(教材P33)
因此，你可以想象到，如果你的皮肤烧伤了，就可能非常严重。
[剖析]　本句的as you can imagine为关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，as代替后面整个句子的内容，as在定语从句中充当imagine的宾语。
归纳拓展 (1)as引导非限制性定语从句的常见用法： ①as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于句首、句中、句末，常常译成“正如”。 ②as是关系代词，在非限制性定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。 (2)as常用于以下结构(引导非限制性定语从句)： as (it) was said earlier正如早先所说 as is known to all＝as we all know 众所周知；正如我们都知道的 as is reported 正如所报道的 as we had expected 正如我们所预料的 as everybody/you can see 正如人们/你所见 as is mentioned above 正如以上提到的 as is often the case 这是常有的事情
①As is known to all, shoes play an important role in our life, for they can protect our feet from being hurt.
众所周知，鞋子在我们的生活中起着非常重要的作用，因为它们能保护我们的脚免受伤害。
②As is often the case, little boys tend to be very active and out of control.
小男孩总是很活泼好动，很难控制，这是常见的情况。
③There was a bank around here, as I remember.
我记得过去这儿附近有一家银行。
辨析：which, as引导非限制性定语从句的区别
①which引导的从句不能放在主句前，而as引导的从句既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后。
②用作关系代词，as和which都可以指代一个句子，但as有“正如”“就像”之意，which则没此含义。
③当从句的谓语动词是be或相当于连系动词的seem, become等时，可用as或which作主语。但当从句的谓语是行为动词时，只能用which作主语。
④当关系代词仅指代主句中的单个名词时，一般只用which。

【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空
①The number of smokers, is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
②(2018·北京高考)She and her family bicycle to work, helps them keep fit.
答案：①as　②which
(2)单句改错
The market, as was founded in 1979, sets up its tents every Saturday from 7 am to 1 pm, rain or shine.

答案：as→which
[第8行]
4．You can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to high heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.(教材P34)
你可能由于各种原因而烧伤：灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射(由于靠近高温或火等)、阳光、电或化学物品。
?variety n. 变化；多样(化)；多变(性)



归纳拓展 (1)a variety of＝varieties of 各种各样的；不同种类的 (2)vary v. 变化；使多样化 (3)various adj. 各种各样的；多样的 variously adv. 不同地；以各种方式

①(2017·浙江高考)Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers.
确保你在进行采访的时候，你可以获得各种各样的答案。
②(2016·四川高考)Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control various body functions.
荷尔蒙是身体产生的能控制多项身体机能的一种化学物质。
③The menu in the restaurant varies with the season.
那家饭店的菜单随季节变化而变化。
④The weather here varies from hour to hour.
这儿的天气时刻在变化。

名师点津
(1)a variety of (＝varieties of) 后接名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据of后的名词单复数而确定(此用法如同a lot of/lots of)，其后接复数名词或不可数名词，variety前可用great, large, wide修饰。
A variety of food is sold at a supermarket.
超级市场各式各样的食物均有出售。
Many varieties of natural soaps are produced in the factory.
这家工厂生产各种各样的天然香皂。
(2)“the variety of＋名词(复数名词/不可数名词)”意为“……的品种”，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
The variety of goods in this shop is rich.
这家商店的货物品种丰富。
(3)There is a wide/large/great variety of＋复数名词 ... “有各种各样的……”，be动词用单数。
There is a large variety of shoes to choose from.
有各种各样的鞋可供选择。


【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空
①Susan's idea of freedom was to have (vary) in her lifestyle.
②(2016·江苏高考)The Internet makes us smarter over (vary) kinds of things.
答案：①variety　②various
(2)单句改错
①A variety of his books has been published in recent years.

②These girls come from variety of different backgrounds.

答案：①has→have　②variety前加a或variety→varieties
[第45行]
5．For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.(教材P34)
对于二度烧伤，要保持湿布清凉，需要把湿布放回冷水盆中，拧出水后再放在烧伤面上，这样反反复复地做一个小时左右，直到不太痛时为止。
?squeeze vt.& vi. 榨；挤；压榨



归纳拓展 squeeze in 挤进 squeeze ... into ... 把……挤入/塞进…… squeeze out 挤出 squeeze ... out of/from ... 从……榨取……；向……勒索/敲诈…… squeeze through 挤着通过

①We managed to squeeze six people into the car.
我们在那辆车上挤进了六个人。
②She managed to squeeze the juice from/out of a lemon.
她设法把柠檬的汁给挤了出来。
③She was so fat that she could only just squeeze through the door.
她太胖了，只能勉强挤过这扇门。

【即景活用1】(1)单句语法填空
①The opening between the rocks was very narrow, but the soldiers managed to squeeze it.
②With more advanced technology, this kind of machine can squeeze more juice .
③—Is there any room in the ship?
—Yes. We can probably squeeze a few more people it.
答案：①through　②out　③into
(2)单句写作
①The man was so overweight that he had difficulty in the armchair.
这个人太胖了，他难以挤进这把扶手椅。
②You should to visit your old friends.
你应该挤出些时间去拜访你的老朋友。
答案：①squeezing into　②squeeze out some time

?over and over again 反复；多次



归纳拓展 一再，多次，反复　时而，有时

①People are really unbearable that TV ads are repeated over and over again.
人们无法忍受电视广告一遍又一遍地播放。
②Time and (time) again the car broke down.
那辆车坏了好多次。
③Let me remind you once again so that you won't forget.
我再提醒你一遍，省得你忘了。

【即景活用2】单句写作
①The journalists asked the woman the same question .
记者们反复询问那个妇女同一个问题。
②Let's go over the draft .
我们把这篇稿子再过一遍。
答案：①over and over again　②once again
[第50～51行]
6．Hold the bandage in place with tape.(教材P35)
用胶布在适当的位置把绷带固定住。
?in place在适当的位置；适当



归纳拓展 (1)in place＝in position 在适当的位置；适当 (2)out of place/position 不在适当的位置；不合适 (3)in the first place 首先，第一点 (be) in place of 代替 take the place of 代替 take one's place 代替 take place 发生；举行

①I'll take the place of my father for a while.
我将暂时代替我父亲。
②Some of these files seemed out of place.
有些文件似乎没有放对地方。
③Her dress was quite in place at the ceremony.
在那个典礼上她的礼服非常得体。
④A number was entered in place of a letter.
输入字母的地方输入了数字。

【即景活用】单句写作
①They used steel pins to hold everything .
他们用钢钉把所有东西都固定住。
②I don't think we should have been there .
我认为我们从一开始就不该在那儿。
③A man is not old until regrets dreams.
直到后悔取代了梦想，那他才真的老了。
答案：①in place　②in the first place　③take the place of
[第55行]
7．If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.(教材P35)
如果是二度或者三度烧伤，把伤者立刻送去看医生或送往医院是至关重要的。
?vital adj. 至关重要的；生死攸关的



归纳拓展 (1)be vital to/for ... 对……是至关重要的 be of vital importance to ... 对……至关重要 It is vital to do ... 做……很重要 It is vital that ... ……是十分重要的(从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略) (2)vitality n. 生命力；活力；生机 vitally adv. 极其；极大地

①Writing is vital to you, but you need to take care of yourself.
写作对你很重要，但你也要保重。
②It was vital to show that he was not afraid.
最重要的是要表现出他毫无畏惧。

【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空
①A balanced diet is vital one's health.
②As for the work, it is vital (keep) accurate records.
答案：①for/to　②to keep
(2)单句改错
It is absolutely vital that we will take good care of the patient.

答案：去掉will或will→should
8．Sam broke the blisters and poured icy water from the fridge onto the skin.(教材P35)
萨姆弄破了水泡，把冰箱里的冰水倒在皮肤上。
?pour vt. & vi. 倒；灌；注；涌；不断涌向；下大雨



归纳拓展 (1) (2)

①He poured some water into a glass.
他往玻璃杯里倒了些水。
②I have poured you a cup of tea.
＝I have poured a cup of tea for you.
我给你倒了一杯茶。
③People poured into the square from all parts of the city.
人们从全市各处涌向广场。
④He poured out his sorrows to me.
他向我倾诉了他的伤心事。
⑤It never rains, but it pours.
[谚语]不下则已，一下倾盆。

【即景活用】单句写作
①People supermarkets when they have sales.
超市大减价的时候人们蜂拥而至。
②The rain continued to .
大雨哗哗地下个不停。
③He his thanks in excited words.
他用许多激动的字眼倾吐感激之情。
答案：①pour into　②pour down　③poured out

课后演练提能
课后演练一
Ⅰ.完形填空
Everyone wants to be healthy and happy. 1 ， illness or accidents may occur without any 2 . Frequently the person who is 3 can be cared for at home if there is someone who can 4 him under the doctor's 5 . Sometimes arrangements can be 6 for a visiting nurse to give the necessary 7 once a day, or often, if necessary. The responsible one at home 8 on with the rest of the care during the interval (间隔) between the nurse's 9 .
The rapid diagnosis (诊断) and 10 treatment on the spot of an accident or sudden illness, 11 waiting for the arrival of doctors, is called first aid and quite 12 from the home nursing.
When illness does come, the 13 family is affected. Many adjustments have to be made 14 the family routine needn't be disturbed (打乱) completely. Often it can be 15 with home duties simplified (简化) to 16 time and energy, thus reducing strain (压力) on the family.
The 17 work for giving nursing care is usually 18 by one person, frequently the mother. 19 ， in order that she may have some rest, or 20 she herself is ill, other members of the family should learn how to help when sickness occurs.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。每个人都想健康、快乐，但疾病或事故难免发生，因此懂得一些家庭护理知识就尤为重要了。

1．A.Sometimes B．Unfortunately
C．Actually D．Naturally
答案：B　sometimes “有时”；unfortunately “不幸地”；actually “事实上”；naturally “自然地”。上文说“人人都想健康快乐”，然后笔锋一转，“ ，疾病或事故可能会没有预兆地降临”，上下文有明显的句意转折，只有unfortunately可以表达出这层意义。
2．A.reason B．notice
C．warning D．signal
答案：C　reason表示“原因”；notice表示“通知”；warning表示“警报”；signal表示“信号”。without warning意为“没有预兆；没有警报”，“疾病或事故可能会没有预兆地降临”，与上文中的“人人都想健康快乐”相对应。
3．A.weak B．patient
C．ill D．healthy
答案：C　weak表示“虚弱的”；patient表示“耐心的”；ill表示“生病的”；healthy表示“健康的”。因前面提到“疾病”，后面又提到cared for，由此可以推知C项正确。
4．A.wait for B．look for
C．look after D．look at
答案：C　wait for “等待”；look for “寻找”；look after “照顾”；look at “看……”。生病的人应是得到家人的照顾，即选择“look after”。
5．A.introduction B．control
C．decision D．direction
答案：D　introduction “介绍”；control “控制”；decision “决定”；direction “指导”。家人对病人的照顾，应在医生的指导(direction)下进行。
6．A.done B．made
C．placed D．supplied
答案：B　make arrangements为固定短语，意思是“作安排”。
7．A.look B．cure
C．treatment D．training
答案：C　look “看”；cure “治愈”；treatment “治疗”；training “训练”。根据上下文意思，此处应指“治疗”。
8．A.works B．carries
C．looks D．depends
答案：B　work on表示“继续工作”；carry on表示“继续开展，继续进行”；look on表示“袖手旁观”；depend on表示“依靠”。由句意可知此处应选B。
9．A.words B．letters
C．visits D．hopes
答案：C　word表示“话语，单词”；letter表示“信件，字母”；visit表示“探望，参观”；hope表示“希望”。家人在家照顾病人，但护士还要按时过来探望，因此C项为正确答案。
10．A.immediate B．quick
C．early D．late
答案：A　immediate表示“即刻的，直接的”；quick表示“迅速的”；early表示“早的”；late表示“晚的，迟到的”。一旦发生事故，我们应该立刻进行急救，因此应用immediate。
11．A.before B．while
C．as D．where
答案：B　before表示“在……之前”；while表示“在……的时候”；as表示“当……的时候”；where表示“到……的地方”。急救应是在等医生到来的过程中进行。
12．A.similar B．different
C．urgent D．separate
答案：B　similar “相似的”，常与to连用；different “不同的”，常与from连用，表示“与……不同”；urgent “紧急的”；separate “单独的，各自的”。此处指“急救和家庭护理有很大不同”。
13．A.big B．half
C．whole D．all
答案：C　big表示“大的”；half表示“一半的”；whole表示“整个的”，位于冠词the的后面；all表示“所有的”，位于冠词the的前面。指整个家庭时要用“the whole family”。
14．A.and B．but
C．unless D．since
答案：B　上下文有明显的转折关系。句意：需要作出许多调整，但正常的家庭常规没有必要被完全打乱。
15．A.learned B．tried
C．solved D．rearranged
答案：D　learn表示“学习”；try表示“尝试”；solve表示“解决”；rearrange表示“重新安排”。既然不想完全打乱家庭常规，就必须对其进行重新安排。
16．A.save B．waste
C．get D．lose
答案：A　save表示“节省，拯救”；waste表示“浪费”；get表示“得到”；lose表示“失去”。将家庭事务简单化，目的是节省(save)时间和精力。
17．A.technical B．entire
C．all D．reasonable
答案：B　technical表示“技术的，工艺的”；entire表示“整个的，完全的”；all表示“所有的”；reasonable表示“合情合理的”。表达一整件事，应用entire。
18．A.got B．done
C．made D．sent
答案：B　do the work表示“做工作”；get the work表示“得到工作”；make和send不与the work连用。
19．A.Consequently B．Moreover
C．Unexpectedly D．However
答案：D　consequently “因此”；moreover “此外”；unexpectedly “出乎意料地”；however “然而”。上下文的意思有着明显的转折关系，应用however。
20．A.in fact B．in case
C．as a result D．on the contrary
答案：B　in fact表示“事实上”，在句子中作状语；in case是连词，表示“万一”；as a result表示“因此”；on the contrary表示“相反”。此处表示万一母亲自己也生病了，故此处应该用in case。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful， or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.
Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.
Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.
Nurses and other care?givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient's silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了沉默在不同文化中所表达的不同意义及其在医疗方面的作用。
1．What does the author say about silence in conversations?
A．It implies anger. B．It promotes friendship.
C．It is culture?specific. D．It is content?based.
答案：C　推理判断题。根据文章前三段可知，沉默在不同文化中所表达的含义不同，由此可判断谈话中的沉默是具有文化特性的。故选C项。
2．Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?
A．The Chinese. B．The French.
C．The Mexicans. D．The Russians.
答案：A　推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知，正如一些传统的中国人和泰国人做的那样，许多印第安人重视沉默，认为沉默是交流的一个基本的部分。在这些文化里，沉默被看作是认真思考的一种需要。根据第二段的“Chinese and Thai persons”可将B、C、D三项排除。
3．What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?
A．Let it continue as the patient pleases.
B．Break it while treating patients.
C．Evaluate its harm to patients.
D．Make use of its healing effects.
答案：D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句可知，护士和其他护理人员要明白沉默的治疗价值，并且使用这种方式帮助来自自己文化的或其他文化的病人。故选D项。其他三项文中未提到。
4．What may be the best title for the text?
A．Sound and Silence
B．What It Means to Be Silent
C．Silence to Native Americans
D．Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold
答案：B　标题判断题。文章主要讲述的是沉默在各个文化中所表达的不同意义及其在医疗方面的作用。故选B项“沉默的意义”。A项“声音和沉默”，文中未提及声音。C项显然只是说美国人，有些片面。D项“说话是银，沉默是金”，与文章内容不符。


1．thoughtful adj. 体贴的；关心别人的
2．reflection n. 深思，仔细考虑
3．conflict n. 冲突
4．authority n. 权威；权力
5．interrupt vt. 打断，干扰

1．under discussion 在讨论中
2．be aware of 意识到；明白
3．assist in 帮助

B
(2019·广东省肇庆市高中毕业班第一次检测)Myles, my four?year?old son, somehow got into an adult pool while we were out swimming. We ran over and pulled him out of the water, only to see his blue face and grey, still body. He was lifeless.
One person immediately contacted the front desk while another called 911. My friend, John Newland, and I began CPR (心肺复苏). But we hadn't received any professional training. Despite our best efforts, we failed to make any important progress in bringing back my son.
Another friend of mine realized two off?duty lifeguards, Liz and Alison Manley, were nearby. The sisters, 15 and 18, recently trained by the Red Cross in CPR, ran to help. Alison took over directly above Myles and Liz near his feet. Alison started chest compressions， and Liz gave instructions. They turned him on his side, and cleared the airway as he expelled water. They continued chest compressions and rescue breathing, staying calm and cooperating as a perfect team.
As the scene unfolded, so many things went through my mind. It seemed that seconds, minutes and hours passed, all at once. I saw his life flash before my eyes, the image of my beloved son wearing his favorite Lightning McQueen jammies (睡衣) and then his t?ball uniform. All at once was filled with both regret and hope. “What kind of a father lets this happen？” “ Stay with me！” “ Come on, Myles” “I don't want to live without you！” and finally “God help, somebody, do anything！” Then it happened. Myles slowly opened one of his eyes and began to cry. I picked him up and held him.
Myles was allowed to leave the hospital the next morning and, despite everything that happened, he asked to go to Worlds of Fun. This was the best Father's Day gift I could have ever received, seeing that my wife, son and daughter were reunited and were all healthy, playing together again! No days are taken for granted any longer！
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了儿子溺水后众人紧急救助，儿子最终脱险。事后作者更珍惜和家人在一起的时光。
5．When the author pulled his son out of the water, he found his son was .
A．still breathing
B．struggling hard
C．crying loud in fear
D．in a very bad situation
答案：D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“... only to see his blue face and grey, still body. He was lifeless”可知，作者把儿子从水中救出来时，他的儿子脸色青灰，已经没有了生命迹象，情况非常糟糕，故选D。
6．How did Liz and Alison Manley react?
A．They called 911 for help immediately.
B．They took immediate action to save the boy.
C．They asked the pool's medical team for aid.
D．They taught the author to perform CPR.
答案：B　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，Liz 和Alison Manley跑来后立刻对Myles开展紧急救治，故选B。
7．What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 4?
A．He was considered a terrible father.
B．He was really worried about his son.
C．He was responsible for the accident.
D．He always believed his son would be fine.
答案：B　推理判断题。第四段中描述了儿子被救助过程中，父亲开始回忆儿子平时的生活点滴，并描写出自己的悔恨。由此可知作者担心儿子，怕儿子醒不过来，故选B。
8．After that accident, the author .
A．decided to learn first aid
B．never let his son swim again
C．allowed his son to do whatever he wanted
D．valued the time spent with his family more
答案：D　推理判断题。根据文章最后两句可知，通过这件事，作者更关心家人的健康和家庭的团聚，更珍惜和家人在一起的时光，故选D。


1．compression n. 按压；压缩
2．expel v. 排出

1．go through 穿过；通过
2．take ... for granted 认为……理所当然

课后演练二
[基础题]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Try to make the hole in a d area to increase the water catcher's productivity.
答案：damp
2．Solids turn to l at certain temperatures.
答案：liquids
3．He cut off the flowers on the stalk with a pair of s .
答案：scissors
4．(2017·北京高考)To do CPR, you press on the sick person's chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to o .
答案：organs
5．Very small toys can c a baby.
答案：choke
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．He got hurt during the football match and the (injure) was serious.
答案：injury
2．The natives use (poison) arrows to kill big animals.
答案：poisoned
3．We (aid) in our investigation by the cooperation of the police.
答案：were aided
4．Her foot was so (swell) that she couldn't walk.
答案：swollen
5．My mother has a habit of having everything place.
答案：in
6．It is essential we should put what we have learned into practice.
答案：that
7．The famous engineer always repairs machines for the factory.(electricity)
答案：electrical; electric
8．The knife cut her finger and made it (blood)．
答案：bleed
9．There is no simple answer, is often the case in science.
答案：as
10．He has become he wanted to be ten years ago.
答案：what
[能力题]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Environmental health is defined as the control of the factors in the environment that may have harmful effects on people's physical, mental, or social well?being (安乐). Because natural disasters expose people to danger by disrupting (扰乱) or threatening their immediate environment, effective management of environmental health after a natural disaster is of great importance.
The environmental health measures that must be considered after a natural disaster include the supply of appropriate shelter for individuals or groups of people left homeless, the distribution (分配) of safe and accessible water, and the protection and distribution of safe food products and so on.
To effectively manage environmental health during and after a disaster, it is important that a state of preparation is in effect before the event actually occurs. During an emergency, success largely depends on making good, rapid judgment and appropriate response measures. High?level decision?makers, therefore, must be familiar with sound measures beforehand and should be given an accurate judgment of the disaster's specific effects as quickly as possible.
This book is intended to serve as a guide for those who may be called upon to make emergency decisions after disaster strikes. The recommended environmental health measures have been listed in the order of priority in which they should be taken during an emergency. However, each natural disaster is unique in the degree or type of emergency. In response to any given disaster, decision?makers may find it necessary to change the priority assigned to any particular measure.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一本书，书中具体指出决策者在灾害发生的紧急情况下如何及时作出判断、采取措施等。
1．Why is it significant to take effective measures after a natural disaster?
A．Victims may be at stake without immediate controls.
B．Victims may be at the risk of losing their properties.
C．Victims may be exposed to poisonous or radioactive minerals.
D．Victims may be threatened by environmental health problems.
答案：D　细节理解题。由第一段第二句中的“Because natural disasters expose people to danger by disrupting or threatening their immediate environment ...”可知，因为自然灾害扰乱或者威胁到人们赖以生存的环境，从而使人们处于危险之中。由此可知，D项“灾害受害者可能受到环境卫生问题威胁”为最佳答案。
2．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A．Good preparation beforehand is vital.
B．Rapid judgment is quite beneficial.
C．Effective measures sound familiar.
D．Slow responses sound ineffective.
答案：A　段落大意题。由第三段中的“... it is important that a state of preparation is in effect before the event actually occurs ... High?level decision?makers, therefore，must be familiar with sound measures beforehand ...”可知，在灾难发生之前做好准备是至关重要的……所以高水平的决策者必须在此之前就熟悉各种有效的措施。由此可知，第三段主要讲的是在灾害来临之前做好准备是至关重要的。故选A。
3．Whom is the book mainly written for?
A．A research quite into environment health.
B．An organizer to handle domestic disastrous situations.
C．A possible decision?maker to handle a disaster emergency.
D．A holidaymaker fond of the topic of effective management.
答案：C　推理判断题。由第四段第一句可知，本书旨在给那些可能需要在灾难来袭后作出紧急决定的人指导。由此可知，C项“(目标读者)是有可能处置灾害紧急情况的决策者”为最佳答案。
4．What does the underlined word “priority” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．Perfection. B．Preference.
C．Possibility. D．Popularity.
答案：B　词义猜测题。由第四段第二句可知，本书根据轻重缓急列举了在危急情况下推荐使用的环境健康措施。由此可知，priority意为“优先权”。故选B。
B
My First Marathon (马拉松)
A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.
I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first PE class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn't do either well. He later informed me that I was “not athletic”．
The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!
The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.
Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces (鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!
At mile 3, I passed a sign: “GO FOR IT, RUNNERS！”
By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.
By mile 21, I was starving!
As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 am or questioned my expenses on running.
I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.
Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels (标签), I can now call myself a “marathon winner”.
篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。参加马拉松比赛前的一个月，作者的脚踝受伤了，但他仍决定参加比赛。在比赛中尽管脚踝伤处疼痛难忍，但作者凭借坚强的毅力坚持跑完全程，获得了一枚奖章。作者通过自身的经历启迪人们：要做自己，并坚持不断前进，不要受限于世俗标签，就会取得成功。
5．A month before the marathon, the author .
A．was well trained
B．felt scared
C．made up his mind to run
D．lost hope
答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，马拉松比赛前一个月，作者脚踝受伤但决心继续参加比赛。故选C。
6．Why did the author mention the PE class in his 7th year?
A．To acknowledge the support of his teacher.
B．To amuse the readers with a funny story.
C．To show he was not talented in sports.
D．To share a precious memory.
答案：C　推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可推知，作者在文中提及七年级时的体育课的经历是为了表明自己确实不够强壮，没有运动天赋。故选C。
7．How was the author's first marathon?
A．He made it.
B．He quit halfway.
C．He got the first prize.
D．He walked to the end.
答案：A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，作者坚持完成了马拉松比赛并获得了一枚奖章，即他成功了。故选A。
8．What does the story mainly tell us?
A．A man owes his success to his family support.
B．A winner is one with a great effort of will.
C．Failure is the mother of success.
D．One is never too old to learn.
答案：B　主旨大意题。作者通过叙述他坚持带伤跑完马拉松并在比赛中获得了奖章来启迪人们：不要受限于世俗标签，坚持下去的人终究会取得成功。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2019·广东省高三“六校联盟”第一次联考)Changing your life can come in small, easy steps. You can transform yourself and live a better life by making positive changes along the way. Here are some choices that will lead to your transformation.
Choose to change bad habits
Some bad habits seem to stick around without us even realizing it. 1 You can overcome them, find better alternatives, and get through your struggle to become a better you! Do it for yourself more than anything.
Choose to grow
It's easy to get stuck in a fixed way of life. 2 In choosing to grow, you build character, develop your strengths, become aware of what needs improvement, and turn into the well?rounded person you need to be to succeed.
Choose to seek a balanced life
Where do you need balance? Are you all work, no play? Or the opposite? 3 If you're spending too much time working or locked away alone, find the time for social interaction and having fun. If you haven't committed to a schedule in a while, make the decision to start following one.
4
This is vital to human existence. We need the loving bonds created by family members and friends. Personal relationships are key to emotional growth and social stability.
Choose to live your passion
Whatever your dream is, you can have it. The person you wish to be and the things you wish to achieve are within you. Make the choice to pursue those passions at whatever cost. It may mean clearing out your schedule or doing something you've never done. 5
A．Choose to spend time with those you love
B．Choose to organize your schedule flexibly
C．Make the choice today that you won't be ruled by them.
D．Neither extremes will lead you to a pleasant life for very long.
E．However, with re?evaluation and growth comes a beautiful freedom.
F．It's good to change, and you've only got so many years to refresh yourself.
G．However, the reward from success and personal accomplishment will be worth it.

1．C　上文提示“一些坏习惯似乎一直存在，我们甚至没有意识到这一点。”再根据下文提示“你可以克服它们，找到更好的选择，并通过你的奋斗成为一个更好的你！”C项“Make the choice today that you won't be ruled by them.(今天就作出选择吧，你就不会被它们所统治。)”符合语境，故选C。
2．E　上文提示“人们很容易陷入固定的生活方式中。”再根据下文提示“在选择成长的过程中，你培养个性，发展自我潜能，意识到什么需要改进，并成为一个为了成功而全面发展的人。”E项“However, with re?evaluation and growth comes a beautiful freedom.(然而，随着重新评价和成长，带来了美好的自由。)”符合语境。该项中的growth与下文的grow相吻合，故选E。
3．D　上文提示“你在哪里需要平衡？你们都在工作，不玩耍吗？或者相反？”下文提示“如果你花太多的时间工作或单独关起来，那就找时间进行社交活动和娱乐。”D项“Neither extremes will lead you to a pleasant life for very long.(这两种极端都不会让你过上长久的幸福生活。)”符合语境。该项中的Neither extremes指的就是上文说的这两种极端做法，故选D。
4．A　此处是一个小标题，根据上下标题可知答案在A/B中选择。本段内容提示“这对人类的生存至关重要。我们需要家庭成员和朋友建立的爱的纽带。”由此推知，A项“Choose to spend time with those you love(选择花时间和你爱的人在一起)”中love是关键词，故选A。
5．G　上文提示“无论付出什么代价，都要选择去追求那些激情。这可能意味着你要清空你的日程表，或者做一些你从未做过的事情。”G项“However, the reward from success and personal accomplishment will be worth it.(然而，成功和个人成就的回报是值得的。)”符合语境。该项中的“the reward”和“be worth”与上文中的whatever cost构成一种转折关系，故答案为G。








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课前重点检测
课堂分段精讲
课后演练提能






Section Ⅲ　Grammar——省略
课前语法感知
Ⅰ.教材语法感知
教材原句
1．(1)First degree burns turn white when (they are) pressed.
(2)If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if (it is) possible.
2．There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills (that/which) he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life.
3．It shows (that) a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.
探究发现
(1)第1组例句为状语从句的省略。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，或当状语从句的主语为it，而且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以把从句的主语和be动词动词一起省略。
(2)例句2为关系代词的省略。当关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。
(3)例句3体现的是当及物动词之后跟由连接词that引导的宾语从句时，that可以省略。
Ⅱ.真题语法感知
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)China's approach to protecting its environment while (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
答案：feeding　此处是句子的省略形式。由“连词＋doing”构成，表示主动的动作。相当于while it is feeding。
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when (attack)．
答案：being attacked　when being attacked＝when they (all kinds of plants) are being attacked，句中省略了时间状语从句中的主语和be动词are。
3．(2015·北京高考)If (accept) for the job, you'll be informed soon.
答案：accepted　If条件状语从句中省略了与主句主语一致的主语you和be动词are，且动词accept与主语you之间是被动关系，应用其过去分词形式。
4．(2015·江苏高考)It is so cold that you can't go outside unless fully (cover) in thick clothes.
答案：covered　句意：天气如此寒冷，你不能到外面去，除非你用厚衣服完全裹起来。unless引导的条件状语从句中省略了you are, cover与you之间为被动关系，故用过去分词covered。
5．(2014·福建高考)In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in ， knives and forks.
答案：others　while后为省略形式，补充完整为“while in others people eat with knives and forks”。


课堂合作探究

省略是将句子中一个或多个成分省去，避免重复，使语言简练、紧凑的一种语法手段。
在英语句子中，常见的省略情况有以下几种：
一、并列句的省略
在由并列连词and, but, while等连接的并列句中，后面的分句中可以省略与前面分句中相同的成分以避免重复。
The news made me angry, while (the news made) my sister happy.
这个消息使我生气，然而却让我妹妹高兴。

【即景活用1】单句写作
①Tom picked up a book on the floor and .
汤姆捡起了地板上的一本书并把它交给了老师。
②His advice made me happy, but .
他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。
③He has a knowledge of first aid but .
他具备急救知识，但他的朋友不具备(急救知识)。
答案：①(Tom) handed it to his teacher　②(his advice made) Jim angry　③his friend doesn't (have a knowledge of first aid)
二、复合句的省略
(一)状语从句中的省略
1．在when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, though, as if/though, as, whether等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又跟主句主语相同或从句主语为it，则从句中主语和be动词常省略。
Wood gives off much smoke while (wood is) burning.
木头燃烧时产生很多烟。
Though (they were) tired, they went on working.
虽然他们累了，但他们仍继续工作。
Trees should be pruned (修剪) when (it is) necessary.
当必要时，应该修剪树木。
Should you change your mind, no one would blame you.
＝If you should change your mind, no one would blame you.
万一你改变主意，谁也不会怨你。
2．在than，as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。
He runs as fast as Bob (runs)．
他和鲍勃跑得一样快。

【即景活用2】单句写作
①Remember to calm down when .
记得有麻烦时要冷静。
②His opinion, whether ， would be considered.
他的意见，无论对错，都会被考虑。
③You shouldn't go to his party unless .
你不应该去他的聚会，除非你被邀请。
④As we all know, Yao Ming is taller .
众所周知，姚明比我们大多数人高。
答案：①(you are) in trouble　②(it is) right or wrong　③(you are) invited　④than most of us
(二)定语从句中的省略
1．在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom，which，that可省略(但whom，which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。
He's the man (who/that/whom) you want to see.
他是你想见的那个人。
2．the way作先行词，关系词that/in which在定语从句中作状语时，关系词可以省略；如果关系词that/which在定语从句中作宾语，则that/which也可省略。
That is the way (in which/that) we solved the problem.
那就是我们解决那个问题的方法。
【即景活用3】单句写作
①We don't like he does the job.
我们不喜欢他工作的方式。
②The computer was sold out.
我想买的那种电脑卖光了。
答案：①the way (that/in which)　②(which/that) I wanted to buy
(三)宾语从句中的省略
1．及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词后接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。
I truly believe (that) beauty comes from within.
我真的相信美丽来自内心。
2．when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。

You were late again, and I hope you will explain why (you were late again)．
你又迟到了，我希望你能解释一下为什么。

【即景活用4】单句写作
①I it will clear up this afternoon and that they will come to say goodbye to us.
我认为今天下午天会放晴，他们会来向我们告别。
②Our teacher will come here, but I don't know .
我们的老师将要来这儿，但是我不知道他什么时候来。
答案：①think (that)　②when (he will come)
课后演练提能
[基础题]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2018·浙江高考改编)While regularly (eat) out seems to have become common for many young people in recent years, it's not without a cost.
答案：eating
2．—Did you tell her the bad news?
—Yes, but I'd rather not .
答案：have
3．—Have you got any particular plans for the coming winter vacation?
—Yes, possible, I'm going to visit my grandparents.
答案：if
4．(2017·天津高考)But that is not what many people have in mind when
(think) of driverless cars.
答案：thinking
5．His job is to take care of the elders and (wash) their clothes.
答案：wash
Ⅱ.单句写作(用省略形式)
1．They attended the meeting on time .
正如计划的一样，他们按时出席了会议。
答案：as planned
2． to the market，these products enjoyed great success.
当这些产品首次投放市场时，获得了巨大的成功。
答案：When first introduced
3．The earth is our only home. If we don't care about it, who else ？
地球是我们唯一的家园。如果我们不关注它，谁关注它？
答案：will
4．He will come back，but we don't know .
他会回来的，可是我们不知道他什么时候回来。
答案：when (he will come back)
5．I must get it done .
无论付出什么代价，我都要把这件事做完。
答案：whatever the cost (may be)
[能力题]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·辽宁省五校协作高三联合模拟)Airbags, now found in almost every vehicle, have saved countless lives and largely reduced the seriousness of injuries in crashes. Similar technology could greatly reduce broken hips (髋部) resulting from a fall, something most seniors fear.
Dr Robert Buckman and his start?up company, ActiveProtective in Allentown, Pennsylvania, has developed a promising solution, a wearable airbag that can protect hip bones in the event of a fall. The idea was the result of Dr Buckman's years as a doctor at Temple University. He noticed how many elderly people were being brought into hospitals with broken hips due to falls, and how they often never completely recovered from the injuries. He started to ask what he could do for these people, and that was when he started trying to figure out whether there was a way of helping people who were at the highest risk of falling and suffering these kinds of injuries.
The device is worn much like a regular belt, but on the outside of the clothing, it includes sensors that monitor the movement of hips. If the device detects that the person is falling, an airbag opens before the person hits the ground, cushioning the fall. When the wearer hits the ground, the bag reduces the force to the hip bones by 90 percent, enough to avoid the majority of hip injuries.
With one out of every three people aged 65 and older suffering serious falls each year, ActiveProtective has a big market for its wearable device. It also has the potential to sizably reduce hip?related health care expenses: Hip injuries among the elderly cost the US health care system in 2012 $ 30 billion, which doesn't include the long?term care expenses associated with the high percentage of patients that can no longer live independently.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了可穿戴安全气囊的发明缘由、工作原理以及可能带来的影响。
1．What is the purpose of the ActiveProtective's airbag?
A．To avoid hip injuries among seniors.
B．To protect seniors from car accidents.
C．To help seniors with their daily nursing.
D．To help doctors deal with serious injuries.
答案：A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Similar technology could greatly reduce broken hips (髋部) resulting from a fall, something most seniors fear.”和第二段中的“a wearable airbag that can protect hip bones in the event of a fall”可知，the ActiveProtective's airbag的目的是避免老年人髋部受伤，故选A。
2．What inspired Dr Robert Buckman to make the device?
A．A report on seniors' health.
B．A serious fall he experienced.
C．His work experiences as a doctor.
D．Suggestions of seniors at Temple University.
答案：C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He noticed how many elderly people were being brought into hospitals with broken hips due to falls, and how they often never completely recovered from the injuries. He started to ask what he could do for these people”可知，当医生时的所见促使Dr Robert Buckman制造这个装置，故选C。
3．How does the device mainly work?
A．By reducing the effects of falling.
B．By speeding up bone recovery.
C．By predicting road conditions.
D．By preventing people from falling.
答案：A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“If the device detects that the person is falling, an airbag opens before the person hits the ground, cushioning the fall. When the wearer hits the ground, the bag reduces the force to the hip bones by 90 percent, enough to avoid the majority of hip injuries.”可知，这个装置在人将要摔倒在地的那一刻，安全气囊自动打开，以减弱身体撞击地面的强度；当穿戴者撞击地面时，安全气囊将髋骨受的冲击力降低了90%，这足以避免大部分的髋部受伤，故选A。
4．What does the author think of the ActiveProtective's airbag?
A．It still needs improving.
B．It has a promising future.
C．It may encourage seniors to do exercise.
D．It may increase America's expenses on seniors.
答案：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“ActiveProtective has a big market for its wearable device. It also has the potential to sizably reduce hip?related health care expenses”可推知，这个装置前景很好，故选B项。
B
In many sports, physical contact is part of the game. But when athletes hit their heads, the hit can cause concussions (脑震荡) .

Concussions have long been a concern for professional athletes, but they've become more common among young players too. Between 2001 and 2009, the number of kids under 19 visiting doctors for concussions each year increased by 62 percent.
Engineers are developing new helmets (头盔), and new rules are limiting physical contact in some sports. But are these efforts enough to protect kids' brains?
Concussions can happen during many types of activities. But sports like football and soccer are especially risky. When you run or jump, your body is moving at an increased speed. A sudden hit causes you to move faster in a different direction.
“It's like when you're on a bus and it makes a sudden stop，” says Dr Kevin Crutchfield, an expert at a sports concussion center in Baltimore, Maryland. “You hit the inside of the bus.”
This hit damages the brain. It affects the way the brain functions. So some sports require athletes to wear helmets. Helmets help reduce the force of a hit. The hard outer shell spreads the force over a larger area. Inside a helmet, a plastic or air?filled lining also helps soften the blow.
Steve Rowson is an engineer at Virginia Tech. In his lab, he tests how helmets hold up against different types of hits. No helmet can prevent concussions completely, says Rowson. But he's found that when wearing a newer football helmet, the player's head doesn't gain speed as much after a hit. That lowers the risk of concussions.
Many youth sports teams have set limits on physical contact to reduce the risk of concussions. In soccer, most concussions happen as a result of headers—shots or passes made with the head. That's why many people think kids shouldn't head the ball until high school.
These efforts should help, says Crutchfield. But the best way to prevent long?term brain injuries, he says, is to stop playing immediately if you suffer concussion. “Protect yourself today so you can play again tomorrow.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。青少年在运动中因头部撞击导致脑震荡的比例在逐年增高，工程师、医生和教练正采取措施预防脑震荡的发生。
5．Concussions among young players .
A．are rare before 2001
B．seem extremely worrying
C．cause kids to lose interest in sports
D．are mostly caused by wearing no helmets
答案：B　推理判断题。由第二段中的“more common”和“each year increased by 62 percent”可知，青少年因体育运动导致脑震荡的情况越来越严重，令人担忧。
6．The author mentions the sudden stop of the bus to .
A．stress it's dangerous to ride buses
B．show human brains are easily damaged
C．give a better explanation of concussions
D．remind people to wear helmets while playing sports
答案：C　推理判断题。作者在第五段中提到公共汽车急刹车时人们会受到撞击，将之与人们在运动时发生脑震荡的情况相比较，使这一概念更容易被理解。
7．What does Steve Rowson think of the newer football helmets?
A．They vary a lot in size.
B．They work better than the old ones.
C．They slow down the players' running speed.
D．They allow the players to move their heads more freely.
答案：B　细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的“But he's found that ... lowers the risk of concussions.”可知，新款头盔效果更好些，可以更好地保护运动员的头部免受伤害。
8．Dr Crutchfield suggests that after receiving a concussion, young players should .
A．never head the ball
B．avoid dangerous sports
C．play other kinds of sports
D．stop playing the sport for a while
答案：D　细节理解题。由最后一段中的“stop playing immediately if you suffer concussion”可知，Crutchfield建议年轻的运动员在运动中发生脑震荡时，一定要及时停止运动，这样才能避免给大脑造成长期的损伤，才有利于今后更好地进行这项运动。
Ⅱ.语法填空
David will never forget what happened to him the day before yesterday. He 1 (eat) something at home when he received a strange phone call from a hospital. The caller said his son 2 (fall) to the ground unconscious on the way to school and 3 it was he who took him to hospital. David hung up and rushed to his son's classroom, only 4 (find) him listening to the teacher attentively. He suddenly realized that he 5 (cheat), but he felt relieved. Just at that time the phone rang again, saying, “Your son is in great danger and he needs an immediate operation which costs 48,000 yuan. The doctors here say they will not operate on your son until they are paid.” When 6 (ask) from where the caller had taken his son to hospital, the caller rang off. David gave a big smile and said, “What a pity it is！”
The cheater might have thought he could get money from David. If 7 ， he was wrong. Such phone calls are common these days, and many of David's 8 (colleague) have received similar calls recently. Therefore, all parents should be sensitive 9 such tricks so as not to 10 (cheat).
1． 　2. 　3. 　4.
5． 　6. 　7. 　8.
9． 　10.
答案：1.was eating　2.had fallen　3.that　4.to find　5.had been cheated　6.asked　7.so　8.colleagues　9.to
10．be cheated








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课前语法感知
课堂合作探究
课后演练提能






Section Ⅳ　Learning about Language & Using Language
课前预习检测
单词识记
1.ceremony (n.) 典礼；仪式
2．ambulance (n.) 救护车
3．throat (n.) 咽喉；喉咙
4．scheme (n.) 方案；计划→schemer (n.) 谋士；计划者
5．tight (adj.) 牢的；紧的；紧密的→ tightly (adv.) 紧地；牢牢地
6．firm (adj.) (动作)稳定有力的；坚定的→ firmly (adv.) 坚固地；稳定地
7．bravery (n.) 勇敢；勇气→brave (adj.) 勇敢的
8．treat (vt.& vi.) 治疗；对待；款待 (n.)款待；招待→treatment (n.) 对待；治疗
9．apply (vt.) 涂；敷；搽；应用；运用 (vi.)申请；请求；使用；有效→application (n.) 申请→applicant (n.) 申请人
10．pressure (n.) 压力；挤压；压迫(感)→press (v.) 挤；压
短语完形
1.put one's hands on　　　　　找到
2．make a difference 有影响；起作用
3．a number of 许多
4．get involved in 卷入，介入
5．be proud of 为……感到骄傲
6．on fire 着火
7．be presented with 被授予
8．run out 跑出来；用完
9．a knowledge of ... ……的知识
10．cut off 切断，中断
语篇理解
根据课文内容填空
Seventeen?year?old teenager, John Janson, 1 (honour) at the Lifesaver Awards last night in Rivertown for giving lifesaving first aid on his neighbour after a shocking knife attack.
John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the 2 (brave) of ten people who had saved the life of another.
John 3 (study) in his room when he heard screaming. When he and his father rushed outside, a man ran from the scene. They discovered 4 Anne Slade, mother of three, had been stabbed 5 (repeat) with a knife. She was lying in her front garden 6 (bleed) very heavily. Her hands had almost been cut off.
It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid 7 saved Ms Slade'd life. He immediately asked a number of nearby people 8 bandages, but when nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house. John used 9 to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade's hands. He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance 10 (arrive)．
1． 　2. 　3. 　4.
5． 　6. 　7. 　8.
9． 　10.
答案：1.was honoured　2.bravery　3.was studying　4.that
5．repeatedly　6.bleeding　7.that　8.for　9.them/these
10．arrived
课堂合作探究
The Language Points of Using Language
[第3段]
1．John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.(教材P38)
(那天)约翰正在房间里学习，突然听到一声尖叫。
[剖析]　本句使用了“be doing ... when ...”句式。此句式的意思为“正在做……突然……”，句中的when相当于and then/and at that time，连接两个并列分句。when在本句中是并列连词，意为“这时”。


归纳拓展 类似的结构还有： (1)be about to do ... when ... 正打算做……这时…… (2)be on the point of doing ... when ... 正要……这时…… (3)had just done ... when ... 刚做了……这时…… 注意：此结构中when不可以换为while或as

①They were having classes when the earthquake happened.
他们正在上课，这时突然发生了地震。
②He had just drifted off to sleep when the phone rang.
他刚睡着电话铃就响了。
③I was about to go swimming when our guide saw me and shouted at me.
我正要去游泳，这时向导看见了我并对我喊叫。


【即景活用】单句语法填空
①(2017·天津高考)I (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
②I had just sat down the light went out.
答案：①was driving　②when
[第4段]
2．It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade's life.(教材P38)
正是约翰快捷的动作和急救知识挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。
[剖析]　此句为强调句型。在此强调句中，强调了句子的主语。强调句型的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子的其他成分。


归纳拓展 (1)it强调句型中的be动词只有时态变化，没有数的变化，不管被强调的部分是单数还是复数均用is或was。 (2)强调人时，that也可以换为who。如果强调地点或时间等，一律用that。 (3)被强调的部分如果是原句的主语，who或that后面的谓语动词在人称和数上应和原句的主语保持一致。 (4)强调句型的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was it ... that/who ...？ 特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词＋is/was it that ...？ (5)not ... until ...结构的强调句型为：It is/was not until ... that ...

①It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
正是当汽车停在我们家门口时，我们才看到莉莉坐在乘客席上。
②It was not until he lost what he had that he realized they were very precious.
直到失去他所拥有的一切后，他才意识到这一切很珍贵。
③What is it that you want me to say?
你到底想让我说什么呢？
名师点津
判断强调句型的方法：若去掉it is/was及that/who后，原句成分仍然齐全，意思完整，则是强调句，否则就不是；强调谓语动词时，要借助于do, does或did。

【即景活用】单句语法填空
①(2017·天津高考)It was when I got back to my apartment I first came across my new neighbors.
②It was when we were returning home I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
③Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century his musical gift was fully recognized.
答案：①that　②that　③that
3．He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, but when nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house.(教材P38)
他立即向附近的一些人要绷带，但当他们都找不到绷带的时候，他的父亲从屋里拿出一些擦杯盘的布和胶带来。
?a number of 若干；许多


归纳拓展 表示“许多，大量”的短语：＋可数名词＋不可数名词＋可数名词或不可数名词

①(2017·江苏高考)The increase in the box?office income can be attributed to a number of factors.
票房的增加可归因于很多因素。
②They spent a great deal of money on this project.
他们花了很多钱在这个项目上。
③(2016·天津高考)I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra help.
我去了一家特殊学校，在那儿我得到诸多额外的帮助。

名师点津
(1)a number of修饰可数名词的复数形式，表示“许多，大量”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
(2)a number of中的number前可用large, great, small等形容词来修饰。
(3)the number of后接可数名词的复数形式，表示“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
(4)many a/more than one＋单数名词＋单数谓语动词。

【即景活用1】(1)单句语法填空
①(2017·江苏高考)Since 1992 the number of people dying (be) bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%.
②A great number of people (injure) in the earthquake.
③Up to now large quantities of vehicles (have) to stop running because of the heavy snow.
答案：①has been　②were injured　③have had
(2)单句改错
①Many a student find it hard to land an acceptable job after graduation.

②The number of students in this school are increasing.

答案：①find→finds　②are→is
?put one's hands on 找到


归纳拓展 give/lend sb. a hand 帮忙/支援某人 in the hands of sb.＝in sb.'s hands 在某人的控制之下 have a hand in 插手；参与 at hand (在时间或距离上)接近 by hand 手工 on the one hand ... on the other hand ... 一方面……，另一方面…… hand in hand 手拉手；关系密切

①She can't put her hands on the ring from her husband.
她找不到丈夫送给她的戒指了。
②On the one hand I want to sell the house, but on the other hand I can't bear the thought of moving.
一方面我想把房子卖了，但另一方面，我又不想搬家。


【即景活用2】(1)单句语法填空
①I'm afraid I can't put my hands the book you want.
②The sweater is made hand.
③Soon school will end and the summer vacation will be hand.
答案：①on　②by　③at
(2)单句写作
①I'm afraid I (找不到) the watch you sent me.
②The neighbours are always willing to (帮忙)．
答案：①can't put my hands on　②lend a hand
4．John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade's hands.(教材P38)
约翰用这些东西处理斯莱德女士手上最严重的伤口。
?treat vt. & vi. 治疗；对待；款待　n. 款待；招待



归纳拓展 (1)treat ... with ... 以……态度对待…… treat sb. for ... 为某人治疗…… treat ... as/like ... 把……当作；像……一样对待/处理/看待 treat sb./oneself to sth. 用某物款待/招待某人/自己 (2)treat n. 款待；招待；对待 This is/It's one's treat. 某人请客。 (3)treatment n. 对待；治疗 under treatment 在接受治疗

①(2017·天津高考)The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here.
认为政府会接管无人驾驶汽车，并接受它们作为公共交通工具的想法在这里根本就不现实。
②I am now in my twenties, but my parents still treat me like/as a child.
我现在20多岁了，但父母仍然把我当成孩子一样对待。
③A day in the country is a real treat for a city person.
对一个生活在城市的人来说，在乡下待上一天真是一件乐事。

【即景活用】单句语法填空
①She treated each of the children an ice cream.
②The patient is under (treat) now, so you'd better wait for a minute.
③All visitors to this village (treat) with kindness.
答案：①to　②treatment　③are treated
5．He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.(教材P38)
他按住伤口，使血流得慢些，一直等到警察和救护车的到来。
?apply vt. 涂；敷；搽；应用；运用　vi.申请；请求；使用；有效



归纳拓展 (1)apply to 适用于；应用于 apply sth. to 把某物应用于；给……涂某物 apply oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于(做)某事 apply (to ...) for ... (向……)申请…… apply to do sth. 申请做某事 (2)applicant n. 申请人 application n. 应用；申请

①(2017·北京高考)Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon.
现在帕里斯回到了垒球队。泰勒很快就会向大学提出入学申请。
②The rules of safe driving apply to everyone.
安全驾驶规则适用于每个人。
③The nurse applied some medicine to the arm which was swollen.
护士把一些药涂到肿胀的胳膊上。
④We applied ourselves to finding a solution to our problem.
我们努力寻求解决问题的办法。

【即景活用】单句语法填空
①He wants to apply the company a job as a salesman.
②He applied (send) to the northwest of China.
③She was picked out from hundreds of (apply) for the job.
答案：①to; for　②to be sent　③applicants
[第6段]
6．There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life.(教材P38)
毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技能，挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。
[剖析]　There is no doubt that ... 是个固定句式，意思是“毫无疑问……”，that引导同位语从句。


归纳拓展 (1)doubt作为名词，用于肯定句时用whether来引导同位语从句。 There is no doubt about/of＋名词 ……毫无疑问 There is (some) doubt whether ... ……尚有疑问 have no doubt＋对……毫不怀疑 (2)doubt作为动词，若用于否定句或疑问句中，后接that引导的宾语从句；若用在肯定句中，后接whether或if引导的宾语从句。 (3)beyond/without doubt 毫无疑问/的确

①There is some doubt whether he is suitable for the job.
对于他是否适合做这项工作还有些疑问。
②There is no doubt that we'll make great progress if we work hard.
毫无疑问，如果我们努力学习，我们将会取得巨大进步。
③(2017·天津高考)It is without doubt the most annoying of all.
毫无疑问，它是所有的(等待)当中最烦人的。

【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空
①There's some doubt the meeting will be held as planned.
②His ability is any doubt.
答案：①whether　②beyond/without
(2)单句写作
① at all that we did the right thing.
毫无疑问我们做得对。
②I his work since he joined the firm.
自从他加入公司以来，我对他的工作一直持有怀疑。
③This meeting has been, ， one of the most useful we have had so far.
这无疑是我们迄今为止最有用的一次会议。
答案：①There is no doubt　②have had my doubts about　③without doubt
7．It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.(教材P38)
这表明懂得急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用。
?make a difference 有影响；起(重要)作用；区别对待

归纳拓展 make a big/a great deal of/a lot of difference (to sb./sth.) (对某人/某事)有很大的影响(作用)；很重要 make no difference (to sb./sth.) (对某人/某事)没有影响/没有作用 tell the difference between ... and ... 辨别……与……的差别

①As teachers, you must believe that you can make a great deal of difference to the lives of your students.
身为教师，你们必须坚信你们能够极大地影响学生的一生。
②A false step will make a great difference.
失之毫厘，谬以千里。
③(2017·江苏高考)Before birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices.
出生前，婴儿能分辨出很大的声响和人的声音。

名师点津
(1)make a difference中difference前可以加上big, great等形容词；a可以变成no/some/much等。
(2)注意在不同搭配中difference前面使用冠词a和the的情况。

【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空
①She thought it was worthwhile for her to teach in the small village to make a to the life of the children.
②It's easy to the difference between butter and margarine.
答案：①difference　②tell
(2)单句写作
①A little perseverance (有很大影响) between success and failure.
②The rain (没有影响) the game.
③You can complain, but I doubt whether it'll (有什么作用)．
答案：①makes a big difference　②made no difference to
③make any difference

英雄青年获奖记
17岁的青年约翰·詹森昨晚在里弗镇的救生员颁奖大会上领奖，因为他在一次骇人听闻的持刀袭击案件发生后，为邻居实施了紧急抢救。
在颁奖大会上，约翰被授予奖赏。大会共表彰了抢救他人生命的十个人的勇敢行为。
(那天)约翰正在房里学习，突然听到一声尖叫，他和父亲赶紧冲出去，发现一名男子从现场逃跑，而三个孩子的母亲安·斯莱德被人连捅了数刀。她躺在前花园的地上，流血不止。她的双手几乎被砍断了。
正是约翰快捷的动作和急救知识救了斯莱德女士的命。他立即向附近的一些人要绷带，当他们都找不到绷带的时候，他的父亲就从屋里拿出一些擦杯盘的布和胶带来。约翰就用这些东西把斯莱德手上最严重的伤口包扎起来。他使劲地按住伤口，使血流得慢些，一直等到警察和救护车的到来。
约翰说：“我为自己所做的事感到自豪，不过，我所做的都是以前别人教会我做的事。”
约翰在读高中时就参加了青年救生员组织。该组织的主任艾伦·萨瑟顿先生在向约翰表示祝贺时说：“毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技术，挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。这表明懂得急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用。”
约翰和其他九位救生员在昨晚领奖前，还出席了由首相主持的特殊的招待会。

课后演练提能
[基础题]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Our headmaster made a wonderful speech at the graduation c .
答案：ceremony
2．All the a have been sent out to save people in the earthquake.
答案：ambulances
3．The bandage must be t enough to stop the bleeding.
答案：tight
4．—What got stuck in his t ？
—A fish bone.
答案：throat
5．(2017·天津高考)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing more patients to be t .
答案：treated
Ⅱ.选词填空
make a difference, a number of, cut off, put one's hands on, apply to, treat ... for, not until, on fire, present ... with, proud of
1．(2017·北京高考)Hannah is one of many examples of young people who in the world.
答案：are making a difference
2．Sometimes it's very difficult to the things that he is looking for.
答案：put his hands on
3． guests who came from home and abroad attended the Shanghai Expo.
答案：A number of
4．He two universities and was accepted by one of them.
答案：applied to
5．He couldn't have written the letter because his hands were in the accident.
答案：cut off
6．Many of the survivors are being burns and other injuries at local hospitals.
答案：treated for
7．It was eleven o'clock that he went to bed.
答案：not until
8．The mayor him a gold medal at an official city reception.
答案：presented; with
9．He was grateful and his son's remarkable performance.
答案：proud of
10．Look at the smoke, and that building must be .
答案：on fire
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．It was hard work rather than luck determined his success.
答案：that
2．It has also required considerable (brave)．
答案：bravery
3． number of books published on the subject is simply amazing.
答案：The
4．I myself will (firm) carry out the plan.
答案：firmly
5．We are likely to fall ill under great (press)．
答案：pressure
6．There can be little doubt he will offend again.
答案：that
7．New technology is (apply) to almost every industrial process.
答案：being applied
8．It doesn't make any (different) to me whether you come here or not.
答案：difference
9．He took us to the cinema as treat.
答案：a
10．On a rainy day I was driving north through Vermont I noticed a young man holding up a sign reading “Boston”．
答案：when
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．Light and water in embassy buildings (被切断了)．
答案：were cut off
2．It was with the help of the local guide
(那位登山者才获救)．
答案：that the mountaineer was rescued
3．All visitors to that village (受到了友好招待)．
答案：are treated with kindness
4．Many people agree that (掌握英语) is a must in international trade now.
答案：a knowledge of English
5． (的数量) people at this meeting now is 300.
答案：The number of
[能力题]
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2019·云南省玉溪一中高三第二次调研考试)
The Gift at the Parking Lot
I never thought I would be writing about a trip to the convenience store. It was just a month after my grandmother had 1 and I did useless things hoping to fill the hole in my heart and make me forget the pain.
In the store, I was upset because I couldn't even remember 2 I went there to buy so I ended up buying something 3 . As I walked out of the store to get my car, I was 4 angry at everything that was going on around me, which was a very 5 feeling at that time. Feeling 6 ， my belief in God was beginning to fade.
Suddenly, a woman driving right by my side rolled down her 7 .“Excuse me, excuse me，” she said loudly. 8 she was going to ask for my parking spot, I 9 pointed to my car. “No, excuse me，” she said again.
At this point, I felt I had no 10 but to see what this 11 lady wanted. As I got closer, I realized that she was 12 something in her bag. Surprisingly, I was overcome with a sense of relief while others would be 13 in this situation. Finally, she 14 me a booklet (小册子), which read “What Hope for Dead Loved Ones？” “Maybe you need this，” she said calmly 15 a warm smile on her face. However, 16 I could thank her, she was gone.
I felt a sense of 17 as I opened the first page. It 18 how people pass on, but their spirit 19 with us. This was the first time since my grandma had died that I had felt her with me and I began to feel hope again. It was a unique 20 . And, I'll remember it for the rest of my life.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在失去亲人后的悲痛之时，一位好心的女士送给他一本小册子，这本小册子帮助作者忘掉了痛苦，重新感受到了生命的希望。
1．A.come back B．passed away
C．broken down D．fallen over
答案：B　根据下句“... fill the hole in my heart and make me forget the pain”可知祖母刚去世，作者想忘掉痛苦。下文“my grandma had died”也给了提示，故选B。pass away “去世”。
2．A.what B．why
C．how D．when
答案：A　根据上句中的“I did useless things hoping to fill the hole in my heart and make me forget the pain”可知，作者无目的闲逛只是为了忘掉祖母去世的痛苦，所以走进商店根本不知道要买什么，故选A。
3．A.by chance B．in hand
C．at random D．on purpose
答案：C　by chance “偶然，碰巧”；in hand “在手头，在进行中”；at random “随意地”；on purpose “故意”。因为来商店并没有目的，所以就随意买了些东西。at random符合语境，故选C。
4．A.still B．even
C．yet D．also
答案：B　由于作者当时心情很糟，购物出来后心情更坏，甚至对周围的一切都生气。even “甚至”，表示程度递进，故选B。
5．A.common B．unbearable
C．curious D．awkward
答案：A　common “常见的”；unbearable “难以忍受的”；curious “好奇的”；awkward “尴尬的”。此处指心情很糟，看周围的一切都不顺眼是一种很常见的感觉，故选A。
6．A.breathless B．hopeless
C．aimless D．helpless
答案：B　失去亲人后心情糟糕，作者感到绝望。表示心情绝望，应选hopeless “无望的”，故选B。
7．A.car B．door
C．window D．hand
答案：C　根据7空前的“a woman driving right by my side”可知是右侧开车的女士摇下车窗向我求助，指摇下车窗，故选C。
8．A.Recognizing B．Worrying
C．Assuming D．Upsetting
答案：C　根据下文的“As I got closer, I realized that”可知距离远，噪音大，作者只是假设女士的意图，故选C。
9．A.cautiously B．exactly
C．clumsily D．simply
答案：D　作者认为对方是问停车地点，所以就简单地指了一下自己的车，故选D。
10．A.choice B．reason
C．destination D．prejudice
答案：A　作者看到女士的举动，知道交流有误，所以别无选择只能看看她究竟要干什么。“别无选择”是have no choice，故选A。
11．A.outgoing B．energetic
C．determined D．annoying
答案：D　根据上文的“she said loudly”，“‘No, excuse me，’ she said again.”和当时作者的心情可知，作者对求助的女士没有好感，认为她很令人恼怒，故选D。
12．A.putting away B．looking into
C．searching for D．going over
答案：C　根据下文的“Finally, she 14 me a booklet (小册子)”可知，作者走近后发现女士是从包里找东西，故选C。
13．A.excited B．nervous
C．comfortable D．moved
答案：B　根据上文的“Surprisingly”可知作者此刻很放松，与一般人不同。由此可推知别人在这种情况下会紧张，与“a sense of relief”意思相反，故选B。
14．A.offered B．showed
C．brought D．handed
答案：D　根据下文的“Maybe you need this”可知，女士从包里找出一本小册子，递给作者。hand表示“递给”，故选D。
15．A.with B．in
C．on D．of
答案：A　表示“她脸上带着温暖的微笑”是with a warm smile on her face，介词用with，故选A。
16．A.after B．once
C．as D．before
答案：D　此处指“我”还没来得及感谢她，她就走了。根据句意可知选D。
17．A.comfort B．satisfaction
C．inspiration D．surprise
答案：A　女士给作者的小册子是“What Hope for Dead Loved Ones？”，因为作者的祖母刚去世，显然这是作者当时最需要的。所以作者打开第一页时内心感到安慰，故选A。
18．A.implied B．explained
C．instructed D．directed
答案：B　此处指书中解释了人们怎样传承，描述书中的内容，故选B。
19．A.catches up B．fits in
C．sticks D．remains
答案：D　此处指人虽然去世了，但他们的精神仍然和我们同在，故选D。
20．A.lesson B．memory
C．gift D．reward
答案：C　这本小册子让作者又点燃了希望，这是一个独特的礼物，值得作者铭记一生。指小册子是女士送给我的礼物，故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2019·辽宁沈阳高二期中)The term “first aid” is now an accepted part of everyday language, and there is no doubt that it's about the help given to sick and injured people. 1
The first recorded history of first aid dates back to 1099, when religious knights (骑士) decided to train for medical care. The Order of St John, which was the predecessor (前身) of St John Ambulance organisation, only worked on the treatment of battlefield injuries. 2
In the mid?19th century the first Geneva Convention and the International Red Cross were created to protect and deal with sick and injured soldiers on the battlefields. 3 He suggested training ordinary people in what was called “pre?medical treatment”．
4 Surgeon Major Peter Shepherd and a doctor Coleman ran the first public first aid course at Woolwich Presbyterian Church, London in January 1878.
During the First and Second World Wars, the British Red Cross and St John Ambulance joined forces to form the Joint War Organisation and played a major role in support of the medical services, both on the battlefields abroad and in Britain.
Modern?day pre?hospital treatment of the sick and injured has advanced rapidly in recent years due to the latest medical research and equipment such as high?tech ambulances. 5
A．No one knows when the words “first aid” came into use.
B．A short time later, an army surgeon first came up with an idea.
C．Many lives will be saved if first aid is given immediately.
D．They are the first recorded examples of people trained to do first aid.
E．However, where did “first aid” originate from and who were the “first aiders”？
F．But the basic aim of first aid today is exactly the same as that of the 11th century's medical knights.
G．In 1878, the term “first aid” first appeared in Britain and is thought to be from “first treatment” and “National Aid”．
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“first aid”这个短语的起源及发展过程。
1．E　根据下文的介绍可知，作者开始讲述“first aid”这个短语的起源和发展过程。E项内容承上启下，符合题意。故选E项。
2．D　根据上文中的“The first recorded history of first aid dates back to 1099 ...”可知，本段举例说明了“first aid”这个短语的起源。所以，D项是对本段的总结。故选D项。
3．B　根据后面一句“He suggested training ordinary people in what was called ‘pre?medical treatment’．”可知，此处要说明谁提出来“first aid”的想法。关键词He与B项中的an army surgeon相呼应。故选B项。]
4．G　本段讲述的是在1878年伦敦开始出现“first aid”，所以G项符合语境。故选G项。
5．F　根据本段第一句“Modern?day pre?hospital treatment of the sick and injured ...”可知，现代急救发展迅速，此处点明其基本目的与11世纪时还是一样的。故选F项。









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(共111张PPT)
课前预习检测
课堂合作探究
课后演练提能






Section Ⅴ　Writing急救
[技法指导]
本单元的写作任务为介绍急救措施，为指导性说明文，该类说明文旨在为读者提供解决问题的方法及具体步骤。
这类写作的特点是：目的明确、简洁明了、步骤清晰、操作性强。
基本结构是：
第一部分：对要说明的现象或事物作简单介绍，引出主题。
第二部分：按照一定的顺序对要说明的现象或事物进行客观描述。
第三部分：简要总结全文。
要写好这一类文章，应注意以下几点：
1．按照时间顺序或空间顺序描述，要条理清楚、详略得当。
2．注意句式的灵活使用，避免句式单一。
3．时态多选用一般现在时，人称宜用第一人称复数或第二人称。
[黄金表达]
1．过程说明常用表达
①When you find/see ..., what should you do?
②Be careful (not) to ...
③If the injuries are ... , it is vital to ...
④In addition/Then/Next/Also/At the same time, you must/should ...
⑤Firstly/First of all/To begin with, ... Secondly, ... Besides/In addition/What's more, ... At last/Finally, ...
2．结尾常用表达
①Last but not least, you'd better ...
②More importantly, you should ...
③The last but most important step is ...
④In a word, as long as you ... you can ...
[典题演练]
流鼻血是人们在日常生活中经常遇到的小问题。请结合下面的要点，写一篇短文，介绍针对流鼻血应该采取的一些措施。
1．流鼻血时，应坐着或者站着，勿平躺，因为平躺会使头部血压升高，更易出血。
2．可用拇指和食指捏住鼻翼两侧，暂时用嘴呼吸；同时，在前额敷上一块凉毛巾，一般冷敷10～30分钟。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头已给出(不计入总词数)。
A nosebleed is a common accident 　



谋篇布局
1．体裁：说明文
2．话题：急救知识
3．时态：一般现在时
4．人称：第二人称
5．结构
联想词汇
1．采取措施
答案：take measures　
2．平躺
答案：lie down　
3．如果必要的话
答案：if necessary
4．同时
答案：meanwhile
5．牢记
答案：keep sth. in mind
连词成句
1．流鼻血时，应坐着或者站着，勿平躺。
When you are bleeding, never lie down, you'd better sit up or stand.
→While bleeding, never lie down, you're supposed to sit up or stand straight.(升级句)
2．同时，在前额敷上一块凉毛巾，一般冷敷10～30分钟。
At the same time, put a cold towel on your forehead, and do this for 10～30 minutes.
→Meanwhile, put a cold towel on your forehead, which lasts for about ten to thirty minutes.(升级句)
3．牢记这些建议，会大有益处。
Remember these suggestions, and they will do you good.
→Keep these suggestions in mind and they are of great value.(升级句)
连句成篇
A nosebleed is a common accident that often happens in our daily life, so knowing how to stop it is necessary. Now we are going to learn something about what we can do to stop it.
First of all, while bleeding, never lie down, you're supposed to sit up or stand straight, or your nose will bleed worse because of the increased blood pressure in your head. Then, pinch both sides of your nose together with your thumb and forefinger and breathe through your mouth. Meanwhile, put a cold towel on your forehead, which lasts for about ten to thirty minutes.
All the above are my suggestions. Keep these suggestions in mind and they are of great value.
[跟踪训练]
请根据以下提示写一篇100词左右的短文，简要介绍一下对遇到心脏病等疾病突发(seizure)病人应该采取什么样的措施。
题目：First Aid for Seizures
急救过程中的注意事项：
1．把附近的危险物体移开以免病人受到伤害；不要移动病人，除非他们处于危险中。
2．把病人的头部用垫子垫起来，等病发结束后帮助病人呼吸。
3．在病人没有完全恢复之前不要给他任何吃的或喝的东西；等病人完全恢复以后再离开。
4．如果病情发作持续5分钟以上，打电话叫救护车。
First Aid for Seizures




　
[精彩范文]

[名师点评]
①There is no doubt that ... 固定句式，意为“毫无疑问……”。
②unless引导条件状语从句，描述一个相反的情况。
③once引导时间状语从句。
④until引导时间状语从句。
⑤if necessary条件状语从句的省略，相当于if it is necessary。
[总评]　文章开头结尾相互呼应，中间有关急救过程的注意事项用Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly, Then表示时间顺序，结构合理，行文流畅。

课外拓展阅读——中国优秀传统文化专题练
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
If you speak to a local about your stay in Chengdu, they'll probably ask if you've tried hotpot. Everyone 1 (live) here seems to love it, and trying it should be a 2 (fix) part of everyone's culinary tour of Sichuan.
Hotpot restaurants can 3 (find) on pretty much every street in Chengdu, but the quality and taste can vary hugely.
When you do go for hotpot, you will often be asked to make a 4 (choose) of broth in which you cook your raw ingredients (食材). If you're 5 (adventure) and up for a challenge, the traditional oily spicy broth might be just the thing you're after. But 6 you haven't yet fully adapted to the local taste, you'd better choose a non?spicy broth, or 7 (go) for a less spicy option. Bear 8 mind that some broths like the tomato, mushroom or northern style will not be on offer at every restaurant.
Half spicy and half clear broth is 9 (ready) available at most restaurants; these pots either come divided down the middle like a giant yin and yang, or with 10 separate smaller pot of clear broth in the middle. If you can't bear too much chili and oil, but want to have a try, ask for yuanyangguo.
1． 　2. 　3. 　4.
5． 　6. 　7. 　8.
9． 　10.
答案：1.living　2.fixed　3.be found　4.choice　5.adventurous　6.if/when　7.go　8.in　9.readily　10.a








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(共23张PPT)