1．Cherish life, treat others kindly and serve sincerely.
珍惜生命，善待他人，真诚服务。
2．Snow-like clothes, with snow-like gentle heart.
雪一般的衣裳，有着雪一般温柔的内心。
3．Respecting patients means respecting oneself, and loving patients means loving hospitals.
尊重病人就是尊重自己，爱护病人就是爱护医院。
4．Treat patients in pain with sincerity.
用真诚的心，去善待痛苦中的病人。
5．A kind heart lives long.豁达者长寿。
6．Leave the pain, tiredness and complaint to yourself, and give the patients happiness and well-being.
把苦累怨留给自己，将乐安康送给病人。
To be a Giant
This has forever been our passion, this desire to be a Giant.
Not to stand on one's shoulders or have one for a friend.
For these may be fortunate things.
But to be one Giants step over barriers that seem never ending.
They conquer mountains that appear insurmountable.
Giant rise above fear.
Triumph over pain.
Push themselves and inspire others.
To be a Giant.
To do Giant things.
To take Giant steps.
To move the world forward.
Tu Youyou is the first Chinese scientist to win a Nobel Prize for work carried out within China.The last time a Chinese national won a Nobel Prize was in 2012, when Mo Yan got the literature award.
Tu Youyou is a Chinese medical scientist, pharmaceutical(制药的，药品的) chemist, and educator. She was awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine for discovering artemisinin, known as “Qinghaosu” in Chinese. It's a drug that has greatly reduced the mortality (死亡率) rate for patients suffering from malaria (疟疾)．
Tu was born in Ningbo in east China on December 30, 1930. She studied at the Peking University School of Medicine.
Tu also studied traditional Chinese medicine for two and a half years. She started her research on anti-malaria medicine at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. She led a team that selected 640 different types of Traditional Chinese Medicines from over 2，000 candidate prescriptions, ancient texts, and folk remedies (救济方法) for possible leads of her research.
She conducted experiments in over 200 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines and experienced over 380 failures. She finally discovered the artemisinin in 1971. In 1972, she and her colleagues obtained the pure substance, and named it Qinghaosu or artemisinin，as now commonly called in the west.
[探索发现]
1．What is the main idea of the passage?
[答案] Tu Youyou and her finding and achievements.
2．As Chinese people who have won the Nobel Prize in 21st century according to the passage?
[答案] Tu Youyou and Mo Yan.
3．Qinghaosu reduced the mortality rate for patients who suffered from ．
[答案] malaria
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking &Reading and Thinking——Comprehending
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a．给下列单词选择正确的汉语意思
( )1.moral A．n.保险；保险业
( )2.virtue B．adj.遥远的
( )3.dilemma C．vt.任命；委派
( )4.faint D．adj.道德的；道义上的
n．品行；道德；寓意
( )5.tuition E．n.高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质
( )6.union F．n.进退两难的境地；困境
( )7.colleague G．n.协会；联合会；工会
( )8.appoint H．n.同事；同僚
( )9.faraway I．vi.昏倒；晕厥 adj.不清楚的；微弱的
( )10.insurance J．n.(小组)教学；讲课
[答案] 1－5 DEFIJ 6－10 GHCBA
b．给下列短语选择正确的汉语意思
( )11.moral dilemma A．易于做某事；往往会发生某事
( )12.carry sb.through sth. B．道德困境
( )13.tuition fees C．帮助某人渡过难关
( )14.resident physician D．学费
( )15.tend to do sth. E．住院医师
( )16.be affected by F．被……影响
( )17.respond to G．对……作出回应/回答
( )18.play a role in H．在……起作用/扮演角色
( )19.be responsible for I．对……负责
( )20.care for J．关心；照顾；喜欢
[答案] 11－15 BCDEA 16－20 FGHIJ
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．illustrate vt. (举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图
2．precious n. 珍稀的；宝贵的
3．entrust vt. 委托；交付
4．complain vt.&vi. 抱怨；发牢骚
5．decade n. 十年；十年期
6．elsewhere adj. 在别处；去别处
7．publish vt. 发表(作品)；出版
8．retire vi.&vt. 退休；退职；退出
9．principle n. 道德原则；法则；原则
10．replace vt. 接替；取代；更换
Ⅰ.语境填空
illustrate；precious；entrust；hire；decade；elsewhere；retire；principle；passive；sharp
1．The president of the company want to illustrate the problem according to the plan.
2．As is known to all，nothing is more precious than health in the daily life.
3．We have decided to entrust you with the sole agence(独家代理)for cars.
4．Yuan Longping has worked the land for his research in the past five decades．
5．She was hired as a resident physician the moment she graduated from the medical college.
6．What is the main principle leading you to helping those in trouble?
7．Those students who are shy and passive are likely to be played jokes on by their classmates.
8．He stared at me with sharp eyes.
9．They are coming back to us，which means that they have been refused elsewhere．
10．I have so much to do after I retire from the work.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．The most energetic(energy) and significant festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and the coming of spring.
2．If you cannot accept our suggestion，we will return the goods for replacement(replace)．
3．I was so scared(scare) that I could hardly think clearly after that.
4．If I am lucky enough to win the election(elect)，the first thing I will do is to enrich our students' after-class activities.
5．The majority(major) of young people in the city take subway to work every day.
6．The product was developed in response(respond) to customer demand in the company.
7．He couldn't stand the painful feelings of rejection(reject) by his girlfriend.So he went abroad to have a holiday.
8．She made an appointment(appoint) for her son to see the doctor.
9．I'd like to make a complaint(complain) about the noise from the upstairs.
10．A good marriage(marry) is beneficial to their children.
1．...and what carried her through a life of hard choices.
……是什么支撑她度过充满艰难选择的一生。
2．Dr Lin，however，rejected the offer.
然而，林博士拒绝了他们的邀请。
3．She charged very low fees to treat patients...
治疗病人时她收费很低……
4．The new people's Republic of China saw Dr.Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.
新的中华人民共和国见证了林巧稚博士所起的关键作用。
5．She held many important positions.
她担任了很多重要职务。
6．Her heart，however，was elsewhere.
然而，她的心思在别处。
词语助读
①precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的
②entrust vt.委托；交付
③carry sb.through sth.帮助某人渡过难关
④marriage n．结婚；婚姻
⑤majority n．大部分；大多数
⑥complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚
⑦tuition n．(小组)教学；讲课
⑧fee n．专业服务费；报酬
⑨respond vt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应
⑩union n．协会；联合会；工会
?scholarship n．奖学金
?hire vt.聘任；雇用；租用 n．租借；租用
?physician n．医师；(尤指)内科医生
?resident physician住院医师
?colleague n．同事；同僚
?reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用
?appoint vt.任命；委派
?clinic n．诊所；门诊部
?at times 有时
?faraway adj.遥远的
elect vt.选举；推选
decade n．十年；十年期
elsewhere adv.在别处；去别处
tend vt.照顾；照料vi.倾向；趋于
publish vt.发表(作品)；出版
staff n．员工；全体职员
be responsible for对……负责
retire vi.& vt.退休；退职；退出
saving n．节省物；节省；节约[pl.]储蓄金；存款
kindergarten n．学前班；幼儿园
[1]nothing is more precious than...句型是否定词与比较级连用表示最高级。
[2]if引导条件状语从句。
[3]what引导名词性从句。
[4]Finding a good...是动名词作主语。
[5]thinking of...是现在分词作状语。
[6]I'd rather do sth. 宁愿做……。
[7]the first woman ever to be hired不定式作后置定语。
[8]After working...中的working是现在分词作状语。
[9]who引导非限制性定语从句。
[10]saw在本句中是拟人的手法意为“见证……”。
[11]though引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。
[12]having delivered是现在分词的完成时。
[13]not...until直到……才。
[14]as she lay...是as引导的时间状语从句。
[15]not...any more不再……。
课本原文
MOTHER OF TEN THOUSAND BABIES
“Life is precious. ... To a person [1]nothing is more precious① than their life，and [2]if they entrust② me with that life，how could I refuse that trust，saying I'm cold，hungry，or tired？”These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman，and [3]what carried her through③ a life of hard choices.
As a five-year-old girl，Lin Qiaozhi was deeply affected by her mother's death.At age 18，instead of following the traditional path of marriage④ like the majority⑤ of girls，she chose to study medicine.“Why should girls learn so much？[4]Finding a good husband should be their final goal！”her brother complained⑥，[5]thinking of the high tuition⑦ fees⑧.She responded⑨，“[6]I'd rather stay single to study all my life！”
Eight years later，Lin graduated from Peking Union Medical College(PUMC) with the Wenhai Scholarship?，the highest prize given to graduates.She immediately became [7]the first woman ever to be hired? as a resident physician? in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.Within six months，she was named a chief resident physician?，a position that usually took four years to achieve.[8]After working for a few years，she was sent to study in Europe and then，in 1939，in the US.She greatly impressed her American colleagues?，[9]who invited her to stay.Dr Lin，however rejected? the offer.She wanted to serve the women and children at home.
In 1941，Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed? director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital，but just a few months later，the department was closed because of the war.Thinking of all the people still in need of help，Dr Lin opened a private clinic?.She charged very low fees to treat patients and often reduced costs for poor patients.At times? she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway? villages to provide medical care.
The new People's Republic of China [10]saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.In 1954，she was elected to the first National People's Congress and，over the next several decades，she held many important positions.Her heart，however，was elsewhere.She was more interested in tending patients，publishing medical research on care for women and children，and training the next generation of doctors.“The OB-GYN department cares for two lives，”she told new staff in her department.“As doctors，we should be responsible for the patients and treat them as our sisters.”
[11]Though Lin Qiaozhi never married，she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”，[12]having delivered over 50，000 babies in her lifetime.Dr Lin did [13]not retire until the day she died，22 April 1983.Since she had no children of her own，she left her savings to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors.And even [14]as she lay dying，her final thoughts were for others：“I'm ready to go，”she said.[15]“Don't try to rescue me any more.Don't waste the medicine any more.”
译文参考
万名婴儿的母亲
“生命是珍贵的……，对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了，如果他们把生命托付给我，我怎么能拒绝他们的信任，说我冷、饿或累呢”？林巧稚这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界，并了解是什么支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。
在她五岁时，母亲就去世了这对林巧稚影响很大。于是在十八岁时她选择了学医而不是像大多数女孩那样走传统的婚姻之路。一想到高昂的学费，她的哥哥就抱怨说：“女孩子为什么学这么多？找个好丈夫应该是她们的最终目标啊！”她回答说“我宁愿为终身学习而保持单身。”
八年后，林女士毕业于北京协和医学院并拿到了“文海”奖学金，这是发给毕业生的最高奖金，她立刻成为被协和医院妇产科雇用为住院医师的第一位女性。在六个月内，她被任命为主治住院医师，这是一个一般人要花四年时间才能获取的职位。工作了几年之后，她被派去欧洲深造。然后在1939年在美国深造，她给她的美国同事留下了深刻印象，他们邀请她留在美国。然而，林博士拒绝了他们的邀请。她想为国内的妇女和孩子服务。
在1941年，林博士成为第一位曾被任命为协和医院妇产科主任的中国女性，但是仅仅在几个月后，因为战争这个科室被关闭了。当她想到那些依然需要帮助的人时，林博士成立了一个私人诊所，治疗病人时她收费很低且常常减掉穷人的诊金。有时人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴到遥远的村庄给人看病。
新的中华人民共和国见证了林巧稚博士所起的关键作用。1954年她第一次被选为人大代表，而且在接下来的几十年里，她担任了很多重要职务，然而她志不在此。她更感兴趣的是照顾病人，出版对妇女和儿童护理的医学调查和训练下一代的医生，她告诉她科室的新的工作人员“妇产科关爱两种生命。”“作为医生，我们应该对病人负责，把她们当作姐妹来对待。”
虽然林巧稚终身未婚，她却是众所周知的“万名婴儿的母亲。”一生中接生了五万多名婴儿。林博士直到去世的1983年4月22日那天还没有退休。因为她没有自己的孩子，她把自己的积蓄留给了一家幼儿园和一家培养新医生的基金会。即使在她弥留之际，她最后惦念的仍是他人。“我准备走了”，她说“不要再竭力救我，不要再浪费医药。”
速读课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断下列句子提供的信息是正确，错误，还是没有提及
1．Lin Qiaozhi was born in a poor family，so she decided to help the poor since she was young.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
2．We know Lin Qiaozhi's brother support her to study medicine according to Para.2.
A．Wrong. B．Right. C．Not mentioned.
3．How old was Li Qiaozhi when she graduated from Peking Union Medical College?
A．18. B．26. C．Not mentioned.
4．In 1941 Lin Qiaozhi was appointed as the ．
A．resident physician
B．director of the OB-GYN department
C．National People's Congress
5．Lin Qiaozhi was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”，because she ．
A．never married all her life
B．did not retired until the day she died
C．had delivered over 50，000 babies
[答案] 1－5 CABBC
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息
A.to study all her life B．to follow the traditional path C．to deliver babies D．to serve the women and children in China E．to win the Wenhai Scholarship F．to study in Europe
1．Lin Qiaozhi would rather stay single ．
2．Lin Qiaozhi rejected the offer from her American colleagues because she wanted ．
3．Lin Qiaozhi didn't want of marriage at age of 18.
4．Lin Qiaozhi was known as a famous doctor ．
5．Lin Qiaozhi was sent after working for a few years.
6．Lin Qiaozhi studied hard in Peking Union Medical College ．
[答案] 1－6 ADBCFE
Ⅲ.表格填空
Name：Li Qiaozhi；Nationality：China；Occupation：1.doctor
Time
Events
at age 5
Her mother died，which affected her deeply.
at age 18
She chose to study 2.medicine.
at age 26
She 3.graduated from Peking Union Medical College and became a resident 4.physician in it.
after a few years
She was sent to study in 5.Europe.
in 1939
She 6.rejected the offer from her American 7.colleagues and returned to China.
in 1941
She was 8.appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital，but a few months later，she opened a 9.clinic.
in 1954
She was 10.elected to the first National People's Congress.
in 1983
She died.
细读课文完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Para.1 A．Summary of Lin Qiaozhi's life and achievements.
2．Para.2 B．The role Lin played in new China.
3．Para.3 C．Lin opened a private clinic to help the people.
4．Para.4 D．Lin Qiaozhi's learning experiences.
5．Para.5 E．Lead in the passage using Lin Qiaozhi's words.
6．Para.6 F．Lin chose to study medicine.
[答案] 1－6 EFDCBA
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．Why was Lin Qiaozhi known as the“mother of ten thousand babies”？
A．She didn't retire until the day she died.
B．She had delivered over 50，000 babies in her lifetime.
C．She left her savings to a kindergarten.
D．She thought nothing was more precious than life.
2．Why did Lin open a private clinic according to Para.4?
A．She was appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.
B．The OB-GYN department of PUMC Hospital was closed.
C．She thought of all the people still in need of help.
D．She wanted to charge more fees to treat patients.
3．Which of the following description about Lin Qiaozhi's personality is NOT true?
A．She was more interested in the positions she held.
B．She would tend patients rather than hold positions.
C．She could not refuse the trust when others retrusted her.
D．Her brother expected her to follow the traditional path of marriage.
[答案] 1－3 BCA
Ⅲ.读后续写/概要写作微技能
读后续写微技能(二)——心理活动
A．找出下列含有心理活动的语句
1．She didn't want to spend her holiday helping her friend with the project.
2．He insists that he should take part in the game.
3．I think you just think about yourself.
4．I understand what he says.
5．He was worried about what's wrong with you.
6．As she was looking at some old pictures，he found one.
7．The next morning he noticed that Mark was acting differently.
8．Special with him and his friend.
[答案] 1、2、3、4、5
B．判断下列语句中哪个不是表示心理活动的？
1．He hoped that the family would come before his granny came.
2．The son began to think back to the day when he used to sit together with his father.
3．The son thought to himself.
4．Feeling ashamed，the boy got down on his knees before his father.
5．He said loudly，“I promise to make you happy forever”．
[答案] 4、5
Section Ⅱ Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking——Language Points
1．illustrate vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图→illustration n．插图；图示；解释→illustrative adj.解释的；说明的
2．precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的→preciousness n．宝贵；可贵
3．marriage n．结婚；婚姻→marry vt.(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶→married adj.已婚的
4．major adj.主要的；重要的→majority n．大部分；大多数
5．complain vt.&vi.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n．抱怨；埋怨；投诉；控告
6．respond vt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应→response n．反应；回答；回复
7．reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用→rejection n．拒绝接受；否决
8．appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．约会；预约；约定
9．elect vt.选举；推选→election n．选举；推选；当选
10．scare vt.惊吓；使害怕vi.受惊吓→scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
11．energy n．精力；活动→energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的
1．moral adj.道德的；道义上的n.品行；道德；寓意
①You should follow the traditional moral standards.道德的
②Young people have no morals these days.品行；道德
③The moral is that crime doesn't pay.寓意，教益
2．faint vi. 昏倒；晕厥 adj.不清楚的；微弱的
①We could hear their voices growing fainter as they walked down the road.微弱的
②The woman in front of me fainted suddenly.昏倒
3．tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于；常常就；往往会
①Women tend to live longer than men.往往会
②Prices have tended downwards over recent years.倾向；趋于
③The nurse is tending the injured.照顾
Words And Phrases
知识要点1 carry sb.through sth.帮助某人度过难关
(教材P16)These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman，and what carried her through a life of hard choices.
林巧稚这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界，并了解是什么支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。
[例1] His determination carried him through the hard time.
他靠坚强的信心度过了这段艰难的岁月。
[例2] It was your help that carried them through the hardest time in the foreign country.
就是你的帮助帮她们度过了在国外的艰难的日子。
[造句] 就是对医学的热爱支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。
It was the love to medicine that carried her through a life of hard choices.
[知识拓展]
carry sb.back to sth. 使回想起；使回忆
carry off 赢得；获得；成功的对付
carry on 继续移动
carry out 实施；执行；落实
carry sth. through 成功完成；顺利实现
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It's a difficult job but she's the person to carry it through．
②They are carrying out the plan now.
③Please carry on with your work while I'm away.
④He carried off most of the prizes.
知识要点2 majority大部分；大多数
(教材P16)At age 18，instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls，she chose to study medicine.
在十八岁时她选择了学医而不是像大多数女孩那样走传统的婚姻之路。
[例1] Boys are very much in the minority at the dancing class.舞蹈班里男生占极少数。
[例2] Our country is a traditional agricultural society，with a majority of farming population.我们的国家是一个传统的农业社会，农村人口占绝大多数。
[例3] For example，if you look at the audience at a classical concert，the majority are over the age of fifty.
例如，你看一看听古典音乐会的观众，大部分是五十岁以上的。
[造句] (2015·浙江卷)当我有不同的观点时，我可能会选择放弃并尊重大多数人的观点。
When I have a different opinion，I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority.
[知识拓展]
(1)a/the majority of... 大多数……
be in the/a majority 占大部分/大多数
(2)minority n. 少数
be in the minority 占少数
(3)major n．& v. 主修；专业
major in 主修……；以……为专业
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Only a small number of people in that city do not have a car while the people taking subway to work are in the majority.
②The majority of the land has been destroyed(destroy) so far.
③Some of the plays told sad stories，but the majority of the plays were(be) really funny.
[提示] (1)the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。
(2)the majority of＋
知识要点3 respond vt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应
(教材P16)She responded，“I'd rather stay single to study all my life！”
她回答说“我宁愿为终身学习而保持单身”。
[例1] Clive responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
克利夫对我提的建议报以一笑。
[例2] The director responded that he remained optimistic when asked about the company's future.
问到公司的未来的时候，经理回答说他依然乐观。
[造句] 你可以相信他迎接挑战的能力。
You can rely on him to respond to a challenge.
[知识拓展]
(1)respond to sth. 对……做出反应/回答
(2)response n. 回答；反应
in response to 对……做出反应
make (a) response to 回答/响应……；对……做出反应
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The disease quickly responded to the treatment.
②In response to the audience's great demand，the play will/would be put on in the theatre twice a week.
③He made no response(respond) to my suggestion，which made me very disappointed.
[小片段助记]
He came up with the suggestion on the question at the meet last night.Some people quickly responded to the suggestion while the majority of them present at the meet made no response to it.So they decided to have another meet in response to the question.
知识要点4 reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用
(教材P16)Dr Lin，however，rejected the offer.
然而，林博士拒绝了他们的邀请。
[例1] The prime minister rejected any idea of reforming the system.
首相对任何改革体制的想法都不予考虑。
[例2] Seventeen publishers rejected the manuscript before Jenks saw its potential.
17家出版社回绝了这部手稿，直到詹克斯看到了它的潜在价值。
[造句] 所有我申请的大学都没有录取我。
I've been rejected by all the universities I applied to.
[知识拓展]
(1)reject sth. 拒绝接受某事；不予考虑某事
(2)rejection n. 拒绝接受；否决
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The new manager's proposal met with firm rejection(reject)．
②He said that he had been rejected (reject) by the university he had been dreaming of.
[小片段助记]
John has been dreaming of working in the company.He insists on applying for a job in the company though，he has been rejected(reject) many times.Once he even said their rejection(reject) made him more eager to want a job in it.
知识要点5 appoint vt.任命；委派
(教材P16)In 1941，Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital，...
在1941年，林博士成为第一位曾被任命为协和医院妇产科主任的中国女性，……
[例1] Do they appoint him as the secretary?
他们任命他为秘书了吗？
[例2] They have a new headteacher at my son's school.
我儿子读书的学校任命了一位新校长。
[例3] I have an appointment with Dr Smith，but I need to change it.
我与史密斯医生有约，但是我需要改约。
[造句] 他们任命他为英格兰队队长。
They appointed him as captain of the English team.
[知识拓展]
(1)appoint sb.to a post 派某人任某职
appoint sb.as/to be... 任命某人为……
appoint sb.to do sth. 委派某人做某事
(2)make/have an appointment with sb.
与某人约会/预约
keep/break an appointment 守/违约
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He was appointed(appoint) general manager for his rich experience.
②They appoint Tom to take(take) charge of all the activities on that day.
③If you want to see the doctor，you'd better have an appointment (appoint) with him in advance.
知识要点6 elect vt.选举；推选
(教材P17)In 1954，she was elected to the first National People's Congress and，...
1954年，她第一次被选为人大代表，……
[例1] He is elected to be the leadership of the party.
他被推举为党的领导人。
[例2] You can elect to stay here till 5 o'clock or leave at once.
你可以选择在这里待到5点或者马上离开。
[造句] 购买者可选择逐月分期付款。
Purchasers can elect to pay in monthly installment.
[知识拓展]
(1)elect to do sth. 选择做某事
elect sb.to... 选举某人进入……
elect sb.(as)... 选举某人担任……
elect sb.to do sth. 选举某人做某事
(2)election n. 选举
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He was elected as our monitor at the beginning of the term.
②If I am lucky to be elected(elect)，I will make every effort to serve for the benefits of students and our club.
③The low level of interest in the election(elect) has been reflected in the unwillingness of the citizens to vote.
[小片段助记]
He was elected as our monitor in the election of our class yesterday.As our monitor，he can elect to manage our class by himself，and he can also elect some classmates to help him to manage it.
知识要点7 tend vt.照顾；照料vi.倾向；趋于
(教材P17)She was more interested in tending patients，...
她更感兴趣的是照顾病人，……
[例1] The old tend to be cheated easily.
老年人更容易被欺骗。
[例2] She tended(to) her husband carefully during his illness.
丈夫生病期间，她无微不至地照顾他。
[造句] 这就意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。
It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.
[知识拓展]
(1)tend to do... 往往会/易于做某事……
tend (to) sb./sth. 照顾/护理/看护……
(2)tendency n. 倾向
There is a tendency(for sb.)to do sth.
＝(sb.) have/has a tendency towards sth./to do sth.
倾向于(做)……
[提示] “照料，护理”的多种表达法：
look after/take care of/keep an eye on/attend(to)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The boy tends(tend) to like playing football.
②He tended(tend) my dog while I was away.
[小片段助记]
Now there is a tendency for more and more young people to take exercise in the gym.Because there are some trainers tending to you when you are in trouble there.You'd better not go there at about 6：00，since it tends to get very crowded then.
知识要点8 scare adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌和恐惧的
(教材P17)She was so scared during the interview that she completely forgot how she should respond to the questions.
在面试时，她太害怕了以至完全忘了如何回答问题。
[例1] She is scared of going out alone.
她不敢一个人外出。
[例2] It scared me to think I was alone in the building.
想到楼里只有我一个人我挺害怕的。
[造句] 我告诉自己它们并不危险，但是这样一点儿也不能抑制我那怕的要死的心情！
I told myself they weren't dangerous but that didn't stop me from feeling scared to death for a moment!
[知识拓展]
(1)scare...away... 把……吓跑
(2)be scared of(doing) sth. 害怕(做)某事
(3)scaring adj. 令人害怕的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Most of us are eager for success and scared of failure.
②The poor girl was so scared(scare) that she nearly burst into tears.
③He was scared to death(die) on seeing the terrifying scene.
④That scaring(scare) movie was so terrifying that Mark felt frightened at the thought of it.
知识要点9 replace vt.接替；取代；更换
(教材P17)The student union will hold a special meeting in January to elect someone to replace the secretary.
学生会将在一月召开一个特别会议，来选举一个人接替这位秘书。
[例1] John is ill and I want to know who is going to take the place of(＝replace) him.
约翰病了，我想知道谁将代替他。
[例2] They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars.
他们用昂贵的新跑车取代了心爱的旧车。
[造句] 有一类密码用符号来代替单词、短语或句子。
A code uses symbols to replace words，phrases，or sentences.
[知识拓展]
(1)replace A with/by B 用B取代A
replace sb.as... 取代某人成为……
(2)take the place of sb.＝take sb.'s place
代替某人
in place of 代替
in place 在适当的位置，恰当的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It is generally believed that teachers will never be replaced by/with computers in class.
②She can't attend the meeting，so her assistant will take the place of her.
③Now that these basics were in place，I was ready to go all out to carry out the plan.
Sentence Patterns
重点句式1 否定词与比较级连用表示最高级句式
(教材P16)To a person nothing is more precious than their life...
对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了……
句式分析：否定词＋比较级“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等。
[例1] Mr.Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn't ask for a better boss.
为史蒂文森先生工作真好——我实在找不到比他更好的老板了。
[例2] As far as I'm concerned，nothing is more important than hard study.
就我个人而言，没有什么比努力学习更重要的了。
[造句] 没有比时间更贵重的东西，但其他东西也同样宝贵。
Nothing is more valuable than time，but nothing is less valued.
[知识拓展]
(1)比较级＋than＋
(2)can/could＋never/not＋be＋
[即学即练]
(1)单句语法填空
①I enjoyed myself at the party last night because I had never been to a more exciting(exciting) one before.
②Tom is more intelligent(intelligent) than any other student in his class.
③Remember，no one is better(good) than you and no one is smarter (smart) than you.
(2)完成句子
①你的故事太完美了；我之前从来没有听过比这更好的故事。
Your story is perfect；I've never heard a bette one before．
②汤姆是我们班最高的学生。
Tom is taller than any other student in our class.
③过马路时，你越小心越好。
You can never be too careful while crossing the street.
重点句式2 would rather do sth.宁愿做某事
(教材P16)She responded，“I'd rather stay single to study all my life！”
她回答说：“我宁愿为终生学习而保持单身！”
句式分析：句中would rather(not) do sth.意为“宁愿(不)做某事”。
[例1] He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.
他更愿意把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。
[例2] Nowadays more and more people would rather not live in big cities.
现在越来越多的人宁愿不住在大城市里。
[造句] 为了过低碳生活，有些人宁愿骑车而不是开车去上班。
To live a low carbon life，some people would rather ride a bike than drive a car to work.
[知识拓展]
(1)
(2)would rather that＋主语＋did sth.表示对现在或将来的虚拟
(3)would rather that＋主语＋had done sth.表示对过去的虚拟
[提示] ①使用would rather...than...句型时要注意平行结构，即than的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个介词短语等。
②would rather后跟that从句要用虚拟语气。
[即学即练]
(1)一句多译
简是一个文静的女孩，她宁愿待在图书馆也不愿去看电影。
①Jane is a quiet girl，who would rather stay in the library than go to see a movie.
②Jane is a quiet girl，who prefers to stay in the library rather than go to see a movie.
③Jane is a quiet girl，who prefers staying in the library to going to see a movie.
(2)单句语法填空
①She would rather you came(come) tomorrow than today.
②I would rather you had finished(finish) your homework yesterday.
重点句式3 see表“见证；目睹；经历”时的用法
(教材P17)The new People's Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.
新生的中华人民共和国见证了林巧稚博士所起的关键作用。
句式分析：see意为“见证；目睹；经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。
[例1] National Day saw people singing and dancing happily in the street.They were all very cheerful.
国庆节人们在大街上高兴地又唱又跳。他们都兴高采烈。
[例2] The old temple has seen great changes of the village in the past two hundred years.
这座古庙见证了过去二百年里这个村庄的巨大变迁。
[造句] 过去40年来见证了我国各个领域的巨大变化。
The last forty years have seen the greatest changes in many fields of our country.
[知识拓展]
与see用法相同的动词有find，witness，say，experience等，这些词在句中作谓语，用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的手法，以增添语言色彩，使表达更形象。
[即学即练]
(1)单句语法填空
①The city saw(see) a series of fierce fights between blacks and whites in the 1960s and Dr.King was shot to death in 1968.
②The year 1949 witnessed(witness) the founding of the People's Republic of China.
③With economy developing at great speed，our city has witnessed (witness) quite a few changes in recent years.
(2)完成句子
①过去的三十年里制定了大量保障我们权利的法律。
The last thirty years have witnessed a large number of laws guaranteeing us our rights.
②黄昏时，一个小女孩在街上哭。
The dusk found a little girl crying in the street.
1．To a person nothing is more precious than their life，and if they entrust me with that life，how could I refuse that trust，saying I'm cold，hungry or tired?
[分析] 本句为并列句，由and连接，在后一个句子中，有if引导的条件状语从句，并且saying在后一句中作伴随状语。
[译文] 对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了，如果他们把生命托付给我，我怎么能拒绝他们的信任，说我冷、饿或累呢？
2．She greatly impressed her American colleagues，who invited her to stay，Dr Lin，however，rejected the offer.
[分析] 本句为并列句，由however引导表示转折。在前一个句子中有一个由who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰colleagues。
[译文] 她给她的美国同事留下了深刻印象，他们邀请她留在美国。然而，林博士拒绝了他们的邀请。
教材
高考
1.To a person nothing is more precious than their life...
(2015·湖南卷)As a student，I can tell you that there is nothing better than being praised by my teacher before my classmates.
2.Dr Lin didn't retire until the day she died.
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)...She had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
3.She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician...
(2019·北京卷)The students who he's driven have gone on to become physicians...
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．As we all know，nothing is more precious(precious) than health.
2．She responded(respond) to my question after a while.
3．The majority of the people were/are(be) in favour of the suggestion at the meeting.
4．He rejected(reject) the offer of studying in America and settled down to his work at home.
5．At last he was appointed(appoint) as manager of the company.
6．He has worked the land for about 4 decades(decade) since he graduated from the college.
7．The old and the young tend to be cheated(cheat) more easily than others.
8．After retirement(retire)，I intend to learn cooking and French.
9．It gives the old man great pleasure to meet these energetic(energy) young people.
10．It is generally believed that teachers will never be replaced (replace) with computers in class.
Ⅱ.语境填空
moral dilemma；carry sb.through sth.；in the majority；tuition fees；respond to；in response to；resident physician；tend to；replace...with；be scared of
1．When he met with the moral dilemma，he didn't know how to deal with it.
2．The little girl was scared of staying at home alone at night.
3．We decided to replace Li Lei with Tom as our monitor.
4．Girls tend to like playing dolls while boys like playing guns.
5．The government quickly responded to the accident that happened in the school.
6．They took immediate action in response to the students' great demand.
7．The Chinese people are in the majority in the sport meet held in Wuhan.
8．He took a part-time job to afford the high tuition fees while studying in England.
9．It was your generous help that carried me through the hardest time of my life.
10．She was hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department after she graduated from the medical college.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
As Dr Lin Qiaozhi said “To a person nothing is 1.________(precious) than their life.”These words of her give us a look into the heart of the amazing woman and 2.________ carried her through a life of hard choices.
At age 18，she chose to study medicine instead of following the traditional path of 3.________(marry) like the majority of girls.Once she 4.________(respond) to her brother's complaint.“I would rather 5.________(stay) single to study all my life.”At age 26，she 6.________(hire) as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital immediately when she graduated.After 7.________(work) for a few years，she was sent to study abroad，where she 8.________(reject) the offer from her foreign colleagues.She wanted to serve the women and children at home.In 1941，she was appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital，9.________ later，the department was closed because of the war.So she 10.________(open) a private clinic to help the people in need.
[答案] 1.more precious 2.what 3.marriage 4.responded 5.stay 6.was hired 7.working 8.rejected 9.but 10.opened
Section Ⅲ Grammar——v.-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语
v．-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语
v．-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语是本单元的语法内容，也是v.-ing的重点和难点。希望同学们认真学习掌握他们的用法。
[观察例句]
1....her brother complained，thinking of the high tuition fees.
2．Thinking of all the people still in need of help，Dr Lin opened a private clinic.
3．The new People's Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.
[归纳用法]
一、v.-ing形式作宾语补足语
1．(1)v.-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。
When we returned to the school，we found a stranger standing at the entrance.当我们回到学校时，发现一个陌生人站在大门口。
I found a bag lying on the ground.
我发现地板上放着一个包。
(2)当主句转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足语的v.-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。
They found the result very satisfying.
＝The result is found very satisfying.
这个结果很令人满意。
They heard him singing in the next room.
＝He was heard singing in the next room.
有人听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。
2．能用v.-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词：
(1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see，hear，feel，smell，find，notice，observe，look at，listen to等。
We saw a light burning in the window.
我们看见窗户里有一盏灯在亮着。
Can you smell anything burning?
你闻见有东西烧着了吗？
(2)表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have，set，keep，get，catch，leave等。
I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.
让你一直等着我感觉很抱歉。
I can't get the clock going again.
我不能让钟表再次转动。
二、v.-ing形式作状语
1．现在分词或分词短语作状语时，可以在句中充当让步、时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、伴随或补充说明等状语。与句子的主语有逻辑上的主谓关系(是主动的)。
Not coming on time, he was punished.＝ Because he didn't come on time，he was punished.(原因)
因为没有按时来，他受到了惩罚。
Reading the book, he nodded from time to time.＝While he was reading the book，he nodded from time to time.(时间)
读书的时候，他不时地点头。
Working hard，you will succeed.＝If you work hard，you will succeed.(条件)
努力，你就会成功。
Having failed many times，he didn't lose heart.
＝Though he had failed many times，he didn't lose heart.(让步)
尽管失败了许多次，他仍然没有丧失信心。
The teacher stood there，reading a newspaper.
＝The teacher stood there，and read a newspaper.
(伴随，可以转化为一个并列句)
老师站在那儿，读着报纸。
Please answer the question using another way.(方式)
请用另外一种方式回答问题。
The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks，adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.(补充说明)
来访的部长表达了对谈判的认可，他还补充说他此次来访很愉快。
His father died，leaving him a lot of money.(结果)
他爸爸去世了，留给他许多钱。
2．现在分词的否定结构
现在分词的否定式由“not＋现在分词”构成。
Not knowing where to go，she went to the police for help.
不知道要去哪儿，她向警察寻求帮助。
Not being seen by anyone，the thief escaped.
趁着没被任何人看见，小偷逃跑了。
Not having done it right，I tried again.
第一次没做对，我又尝试了一次。
3．现在分词的时态
(1)一般式：现在分词的一般式通常表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
She sat there，reading a novel.
她坐在那里看小说。
A little child learning to walk often falls.
学走路的小孩常常跌倒。
(2)现在分词的完成式所表示的动作通常在谓语动词的动作之前发生。
Having finished her homework，the little girl began to watch TV.
做完作业后，这个小女孩开始看电视。
Having lived in Beijing for many years，Carter knew the city well.
因为在北京住了多年，卡特对这个城市很熟悉。
4．现在分词的被动式
现在分词的被动式表示其逻辑主语与现在分词动作是被动关系。
(1)现在分词的一般被动式。
The building being built is our library.
正在建的那栋楼是我们的图书馆。
Being repaired，the swimming pool won't open until next month.
由于正在被修理，直到下个月游泳池才会开放。
[提示] being done常作定语，表示被动的动作正在发生。
(2)现在分词的完成被动式。
Having been warned by the teacher，the students didn't make such mistakes.
被老师警告之后，学生们不再犯这样的错误了。
Having been told many times，he still did not know how to do it.
被教授好多次了，他还是不知道怎么做。
[提示] 现在分词的完成被动式常作状语。
5．一般说来，分词作状语，它的逻辑主语应与句子主语一致，但事实上有少数例外的情况，少部分动词ing形式可以充当独立成分，这时句子主语与其无任何语法关系，为固定形式。常见的有：
generally/strictly/exactly/honestly speaking 大体上/严格/准确/老实地说；judging from/by根据……判断；considering考虑到；concerning关于。
Generally speaking，women are more patient than men.一般来说，女性比男性更有耐心。
[即学即练] 完成句子
1．因为不理解这个问题，他问了老师。
Not understanding this problem，he asked the teacher about it.
2．中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。
More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
3．有人看见嫌疑犯进入了这座大楼。
The suspect was seen entering the building.
4．他让灯着了一整晚，这使他父母很生气。
He had the light burning all night，which made his parents very angry.
5．我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话。
I won't have you speaking to your dad like that.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I can't imagine Billy riding(ride) a motorbike.
2．Did you hear the dog downstairs barking(bark) for most of the night?
3．When I came out of the theatre，I noticed a group of children playing(play) musical instruments across the street.
4．She sat at the desk doing(do) her homework.
5．Coming(come) from Jordan，he moves close to ask you a question.
6．(2019·烟台一模)I got to the office earlier that day，having caught(catch) the 7：30 train from Paddington.
7．(2016·天津卷)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，making(make) air conditioning unnecessary.
8．(2016·北京卷)Newly-built wooden cottages line the street，turning(turn) the old town into a dreamland.
9．(2017·天津卷)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，allowing(allow) more patients to be treated.
10．Judging(judge) from his accent，he is from the south of China.
11．Having struggled(struggle) with depression，eating disorders and alcohol abuse for years，he now understands how important being healthy is.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
(2019·威海高三模拟)Each year 1.thousands(thousand) of tourists visit the polar regions of the Arctic and Antarctica.But the increasing number of people 2.travelling(travel) to the ends of the Earth can have 3.a negative effect on fragile ecosystems. Should tourists 4.be allowed (allow)to visit polar regions?
About 40，000 tourists visit Antarctica each year. More than five million travel to the Arctic and sub-Arctic.5.Transporting(transport) tourists to the regions increases ship and airplane traffic，6.adding(add) to the risk of pollution, oil spoils, and other environmental damage.Because the places where wildlife accessible 7.are(be) few in number, tourist traffic can become concentrated in specific areas，8.putting(put) Arctic vegetation at risk.
Others say that the access to these very special parts of the world should not be restricted to only researchers and scientists. Polar tourism allows people to develop deep 9.personal (person) connections with polar regions.“Those 10.who travel to the Arctic or Antarctica often become cheerleaders for supporting those places.” Jim Sano, vice president for travel and conservation at World Wildlife Fund, told TFK.
Section Ⅳ Listening and Talking &Reading for Writing
阅读Reading 2中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．What's the response of the milkman to the large stone on the road？He ．
A．picked it up
B．went away leaving the stone unmoved
C．moved it out of the road
D．crashed into the stone
2．How did the king teach an important lesson to his people?
A．By giving them some gold coins.
B．By telling them an interesting story.
C．By testing his people's response to his idea.
D．By helping his people clean the road.
3．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A．The woman cried because she did not find the gold coins.
B．The king wanted to hide his gold coins under the stone.
C．Some women made an attempt to move the stone，but failed.
D．The girl managed to move the stone to the side of the street.
[答案] 1－3 BCD
Words And Phrases
知识要点1 assist vt.帮助；协助；援助
(教材P18)Despite the difficult situation，Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people.
不顾局势艰难，白求恩博士竭尽所能地来帮助中国人。
[例1] You'll find your colleagues very eager to assist you.
你将发现你的同事们会热情地帮助你。
[例2] We will have handy robots and computers to assist us with the things that are boring.
我们将会有便捷的机器人和电脑来帮助我们处理那些枯燥无味的事情。
[知识拓展]
(1)assist sb.to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb.with sth. 帮助某人某事
assist sb.in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事
(2)assistance n. 帮助；协助
come to one's assistance 援助某人
(3)assistant n. 助手；助理；售货员
[提示] assist只是表示辅助性的帮助；aid多指经济上或其他方面急需的援助；help用法则比较广泛，常用于日常谈话中，表示任何形式的帮助。
[即学即练]
(1)单句语法填空
①The guide managed to assist the tourists to find(find) somewhere to live during the Russia World Cup.
②With the assistance(assist) of his teacher, he gradually adjusted to the school life.
③We're looking for volunteers who would be willing to assist us with the group's work.
④Mary was chosen as an assistant(assist) to help Mr. Brown finish his research.
(2)一句多译
在我的日常生活中，我认为帮助母亲做家务是我的责任。
①In my daily life，I think it is my duty to assist my mother with the housework.
②In my daily life，I think it is my duty to assist my mother to do the housework.
③In my daily life，I think it is my duty to assist my mother in doing the housework.
知识要点2 harm n．& vt.伤害；损害
(教材P20)Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm?
难道这个村子里就没有主动承担保护邻居避免受伤害的责任吗？
[例1] Modern farming methods have done considerable harm to the countryside.
现代的耕作方式已经对乡村造成了很大的损害。
[例2] Staying up too late harms our health.
熬夜太晚伤害我们的身体。
[知识拓展]
(1)do sb./sth.harm(＝do harm to sb./sth.)
对……造成伤害
there is no harm in doing sth. 做某事无害处
(2)harmful adj. 有害的
be harmful to 对……有害
harmless adj. 无害的
[即学即练]
(1)单句语法填空
①As we all know，smoking is harmful(harm) to health.
②Staring at the screen of the computer will do harm to your eyes.
③There is no harm in giving gifts to children，but they should not be rewards.
(2)一句多译
众所周知，吃太多垃圾食品对你的健康有害。
①What is known to us is that eating too much junk food is harmful to your health．(harmful)
②It is known to us that eating too much junk food does harm to your health．(harm n．)
知识要点3 a great deal(of)大量；许多
(教材P20)After a great deal of effort，she finally succeeded in moving it to the side of the street.
经过一番努力之后，她终于成功地把石头搬到大路边上了。
[例1] Joan passed her exam，which surprised me a great deal.
琼通过了考试，这让我很惊讶。
[例2] The police gained a great deal of useful information about the organization.
警方收集到了大量关于该组织的有用信息。
[造句] 19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从一个以农业为主的社会变成了以工业为主的社会
In the late 19th century，Europe changed a great deal，from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one.
[知识拓展]
(1)
(2)the number of＋可数名词复数＋单数谓语
(3)＋不可数名词
(4)＋
[提示] (1)a great deal“大量；许多”，是一个名词短语。a great deal of后接不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
(2)a great/good deal也可以作副词短语，可用于修饰形容词、副词比较级，还可以修饰动词作状语。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The changes this time may be limited，but they are a great deal better(good) than no movement at all.
②In the past five years a great deal of money has been spent(spend) improving the environment of the school.
Sentence Patterns
重点句式 neither...nor既不……也不……
(教材P20)Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.
她和她的朋友们都没有想过把石头从大路上挪开。
句式分析：neither...or...“既不……也不……”，连接句中两个相同的句子成分。连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则。
[例1] To be honest，I have neither time nor money for the ball.
诚实地说，我既没有时间也没有金钱参加舞会。
[例2] Last night neither my wife nor my parents were able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.
昨天晚上我妻子和我父母都没能说服我女儿改变主意。
[造句] 人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
[知识拓展]
遵循“就近原则”的其他并列连词：
either...or... 不是……就是……
not only...but also... 不仅……而且……
not...but... 不是……而是……
[例3] As is known to all，not only the nurses but also the doctor is very kind to the patients.
众所周知，护士和医生都对病人非常和蔼。
[例4] Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Not you but the scientist is(be) to attend the ceremony to be held in our school.
②Neither the father nor the children were(be) interested in the film.
应用文之人物介绍——抓主题析人物特征，比对定答案
不同的几个人物，依靠某一个特定的主题放置在一起，考查考生读文的各种技巧，这是高考语篇中人物介绍类应用文的命题特点。此类文章的破解关键在于：首先要抓住把几位人物链接在一起的纽带，即文章主题；其次要抓住每个人物自身的特点；然后迅速浏览题干，依据题干中的关键词到文中寻找与之相关的“信息区间”，比对即可得出答案。
[高考典例]2016·全国卷Ⅰ·A篇
[抓文章主题，析不同人物特征]
首段点明主题。
You probably know who Marie Curie was，but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below，who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?
人物1
职业
成就
Jane Addams(1860-1935)
Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize．
人物2
成就
Rachel Carson (1907-1964)
If it weren't for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans.
人物3
事件
成就
Sandra Day O'Connor (1930-present)
When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman．She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and，in 1981, the first woman to join the U．S.Supreme Court.O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.
人物4
事件
成就
Rosa Parks (1913-2005)
On December 1，1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger．Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement.“The only tired I was，was tired of giving in，” said Parks.
[读文解题技法]
1.读首段，明主题
通读第一段，可知本文主题应是介绍几位优秀女性。
2．关注不同人物特征
从下面4位人物介绍中知晓发生在她们身上的事及她们取得的成就。
3．题文比对得出答案
抓住题干中的关键词，然后到文中寻找相应人物的特征，比对即可得出答案。
[由不同人物特征，定位比对归纳出答案]
21．What is noted for in history?
A．Her social work.
B．Her teaching skills.
C．Her efforts to win a prize.
D．Her community background.
22．What was the reason for being rejected by the law firm?
A．Her lack of proper training in law.
B．Her little work experience in court.
C．The discrimination against women.
D．The poor financial conditions.
23．Who made a great contribution to in the U．S.?
A．Jane Addams.
B．Rachel Carson.
C．Sandra Day O'Connor.
D．Rosa Parks.
24．What can we infer about in the text?
A．They are highly educated.
B．They are truly creative.
C．They are pioneers.
D．They are peace-lovers.
[答案] 21.A 22.C 23.D 24.C
21.题中人物文中人物1的“职业”及“成就”，得出答案
22．题中人物文中人物3的“事件”，得出答案
23．题中事件文中人物4的“成就”，得出答案
24．总结特征得出4位人物的共性
Section Ⅴ Writing——如何写寓言评论
写一篇寓言评论
寓言评论就是在读者读完寓言后的所感所想。从体裁上看，寓言评论属于夹叙夹议的议论文。这种文章主要是以一般现在时介绍故事情节内容并对自己感兴趣的某些地方发表观点，表达自己的想法、感受，并且把故事推荐给他人等。文章可以分为三个部分。
[基本框架]
第一部分：寓言故事简介。对故事做个简单的归纳介绍。
第二部分：分析寓言情节。包括分析作者的写作目的，故事的详细情节和作者最后要求完成的目标等。
第三部分：发表评论。对寓言故事中你所喜欢的和不喜欢的部分发表看法，也可以对整个故事进行总体评价。最后也可以把故事推荐给他人等。
[常用词汇]
1．be one of the most popular fables
是最受欢迎的寓言之一
2．be intended to tell people...试图告诉人们……
3．The most moving part is that...
最让人感动的部分是……
4．reflect the life conditions of those poor people
反映了那些贫穷人民的生活现状
5．have chance to introduce my favourite...
有机会介绍我最喜欢的……
6．insist on doing sth.坚持做……
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．A Little Horse Crosses the River is one of the most popular fables I have ever read，which impressed me a lot then.
《小马过河》是我曾经读过的最流行的寓言之一，当时它给我留下很深的印象。
2．The fable is intended to tell people that there is a way where there is a will.
这则寓言试图告诉人们：有志者事竟成。
3．I'm more than delighted to introduce my favourite fable to you，whose name is The Stone On The Road.
我非常高兴地把我最喜欢的寓言故事介绍给你们，它的名字为《路上的石头》。
★正文佳句
1．Not knowing much about the reality，the little boy is convinced that he lives in a world without any violence and crimes.
由于对现实了解不多，这个小男孩相信他生活在一个没有暴力和犯罪的世界里。
2．Having saved up a lot of money after five years of hard work，he is going back to his hometown to build a house and marry a girl.
经过五年的努力，他已经攒了一大笔钱，因此他打算回老家盖房娶妻。
3．The fable is also sending such a message to us：do well what we should do，and life will return us well.
这则寓言也向我们传达了这样一个信息：做好我们该做的每一件事，生活就会给我们一个好的回馈。
★余味结尾
1．We hold the strong belief that failure is the mother of success.
我们坚信失败是成功之母。
2．The fable tells us that hard work never fails to pay off.We should be diligent in order to have a better future.
这则寓言告诉我们：努力工作终会获得回报。我们应该勤奋努力以期待更加美好的未来。
3．The fable I read was so educational/instructive that I planned to recommend it to all my friends.
我读的这则寓言如此有教育意义，因此我打算把它推荐给我所有的朋友们。
4．I think the fable is well worth reading，which mirrors the life conditions of those young people.
我认为这则寓言非常值得一读，它反映了那些年轻人的生活现状。
最近你在《伊索寓言》读了《狐狸和葡萄》的故事。故事中狐狸因为摘不到葡萄而故意说葡萄是酸的。这个故事告诉我们：在现实生活中，我们有时也会和狐狸一样，在面对错误或问题时，不是勇敢地去解决，而是不断为自己找借口，现在请你根据故事内容并结合自己的情况或某些社会现象写一篇评论。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节以使行为连贯。
【参考范文】
Recently I read a small story from Aesop's Fables，whose name is The Fox and The Grapes.What the story tells us is as follows：
On a hot summer day，there was an extremely hungry fox seeing a lot of grapes in the garden.He wanted very much to pick them down to eat，but he couldn't pick them at all.The frustrated fox didn't come up with an idea to get the grapes but to go away！And as he was walking away he still comforted himself with that these grapes must be acid！It is very clear that he was looking for an excuse for his not being able to pick them.
After reading the fable I realize that when we are wrong we should not find an excuse，to cover up our own problems，instead we should bravely admit the mistakes and try to correct them.Only in this way might we succeed someday，otherwise，we may also become the sour grape fox.
单元综合检测(二)
(时间：100分钟；满分：120分)
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
A
(2019·安徽江淮名校期中)Peggy Whitson's job demands a daily two-hour workout in a gym where weight has no meaning and the view changes at 17，000 miles an hour.
Whitson makes it look easy. At 57, she is the oldest woman to fly in space, breaking the record last November when she began her third long-term stay at the International Space Station. After returning home in September, 2017, the NASA astronaut felt matter-of-fact about the age milestone(里程碑)．
“It wasn't a record I was seeking for，”Whitson said.“I was 42 and 48 for my first two space flights. I feel lucky that I was able to get to do another one in my 50s. I don't think people should let age discourage them, even on those jobs that require some amount of physical fitness. The oldest man is John Glenn (at 77), and we've had male astronauts in their 60s before, so it's just a matter of time before women start flying in space at this age”．
On the earth, she stays fit by weightlifting, biking, playing basketball and water skiing. She shared what it's like to live in microgravity：“It's like you're in a swimming pool, but you don't have to worry about breathing.If I push off from one side, I'm going to float to the other side.Every direction feels exactly the same, which is really hard for your brain to grasp, but it's amazing how fast you adapt.
It's a big shock for the body to come back to Earth—everything is so heavy. We spend a lot of time getting used to being back in gravity again. Back pain was really the most dramatic for me this time. For me, coming home is harder than going up into space.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了最年长的女宇航员纪录保持者Peggy Whitson在太空的体验以及她积极向上的心态。
1．What does the underlined word probably mean in the passage?
A．Amazing. B．Natural.
C．Enthusiastic. D．Unbelievable.
B [词义猜测题。根据第三段中Whitson的话可知，她认为人们不应该被年龄所击败，以57岁“高龄”进行太空飞行是一件很正常的事情，因此她对自己创下纪录并不感到惊讶。由此可知画线词意为“平常的”。故选B。]
2．How many days did Peggy Whitson spend for her third stay in the International Space Station?
A．About 300 days. B．About 708 days.
C．About 107 days. D．About 57 days.
A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“breaking the record last November when she began her third long-term stay at the International Space Station.After returning home in September，2017”可知，从2016年11月到2017年9月，Peggy Whitson在国际空间站待了300天左右的时间。故选A。]
3．According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A．Peggy Whitson is the oldest person to fly in space, breaking the record.
B．There had been female astronauts flying in space in their 60s before.
C．Peggy Whitson likes swimming most to stay fit on the earth.
D．Peggy Whitson had been in space in 2002 and 2008.
D [细节理解题。根据第二、三段内容可知，2017年Peggy Whitson 57岁，她在42岁和48岁时也进行过太空飞行，由此可知这两次飞行分别发生在2002年和2008年。故选D。]
4．Which of the following will Peggy Whitson probably say?
A．You can still be successful and do physical things when you get old.
B．I spent quite a lot of time getting used to the life in space.
C．The moment we reached the earth, we felt so relaxed.
D．I feel lucky that I am physically all right after the whole journey.
A [推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I don't think people should let age discourage them，even on those jobs that require some amount of physical fitness.”可知，Peggy Whitson认为人们不应被年龄所击败，即使是从事那些对身体健康状况有一定要求的工作。由此可知她会说当你老了的时候，你也可以做一些需要体力的事情。故选A。]
B
There is a lot to learn about the creations of Beatrix Potter—not only is she the author and illustrator of one of the world's most famous children's books, The Tale of Peter Rabbit, but also a pioneering conservationist with the spirit of a scientist.
“Potter grew up as the daughter of a wealthy Victorian family，but along with her brother who filled an entire floor of their large house in London with all sorts of animals，” said Anne Lundin, a retired professor for the UW-Madison School of Library and Information Studies.
“As an adult，she was a frustrated botanical illustrator and scientist. That field was not open to her because she was female，” Lundin said.Potter was urged to turn the charming illustrations and stories she wrote in letters to children into books. She wrote 23 books in all—a body of work that has inspired plays, ballets, films and an astonishing amount of merchandise.
“The Tale of Peter Rabbit is probably the most famous children's book in the world，which was published in 1902 and has really stood the test of time.It's been translated into 36 languages. The parents and grandparents will share it with the next generation，” said Lundin.
Potter also made a mark on the world through her land conservation. “In many ways, she was like Peter Rabbit，venturing into a world of adventure and risk. She withdrew from London as soon as she started making some money on her books to the Lake District and became an extremely important farmer and conservationist. She preserved and passed on 15 farms and over 4，000 acres, which were given back to the country as gifts in the 20th century，” said Lundin.
“Even though she was born 150 years ago, she was amazingly modern—her embracing of the natural world，” commented Jennifer Blatchley Smith, an artistic director of the show Peter Rabbit Tales to celebrate the 150th anniversary of Potter's birth.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇人物介绍类文章。主要讲述了Beatrix Potter的故事，Beatrix Potter不仅是一位著名的作家、插图画家，还是自然环境保护的先驱者和植物学家。由于Potter对世界的贡献，人们至今都在铭记她。
5．What helped Beatrix Potter to write The Tale of Peter Rabbit successfully?
A．Her life and work experiences.
B．Her specialty in animated(动画) pictures.
C．Her success in becoming a botanical scientist.
D．Her interest in animals in childhood alone.
A [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“she was like Peter Rabbit，venturing into a world of adventure and risk”，她像兔子彼得一样，在一个充满冒险和危险的世界中探险，可知，Beatrix Potter是以自己在现实中的生活和工作经历为基础来创作这本书的。故选A。]
6．What is Beatrix Potter?
A．A botanist and artist.
B．An extremely important farmer and successful scientist.
C．A writer，conservationist and farmer.
D．An artistic director.
C [细节理解题。根据第一段中“not only is she the author and illustrator of one of the world's most famous children's books，The Tale of Peter Rabbit，but also a pioneering conservationist with the spirit of a scientist”，以及倒数第二段中“became an extremely important farmer and conservationist”可知，Beatrix Potter是作家、插图画家、自然环境保护者和农民。故选C。]
7．Why does the author write the article?
A．In celebration of Potter's 150th birthday.
B．In honour of Potter's new contributions.
C．In praise of Potter's spirit of selflessness.
D．In support of Potter's book promotions.
A [写作意图题。纵览全文，全篇都在讲述主人公的生平事迹，再根据最后一段中的“Even though she was born 150 years ago，she was amazingly modern”及“an artistic director of the show Peter Rabbit Tales to celebrate the 150th anniversary of Potter's birth”可知，这篇文章是为了怀念Potter，为庆祝她150岁诞辰而写的。故选A。]
C
(2019·辽宁沈阳交联体期中)My husband and I had been married nearly twenty-two years when I acquired Stevens-Johnson syndrome, a disorder where my immune system(免疫系统) responded to a virus by producing painful blisters(水疱). Although my long-term evaluation was good, I, who had been so fiercely independent, rapidly became absolutely helpless.
My husband, Scott, stepped up to the plate, taking care of kids and cooking dinners. He also became my personal caretaker, applying the medicine to all of my blisters because my hands couldn't do the job.Needless to say，I had negative emotions, bouncing from embarrassment to shame caused by total reliance on someone other than myself.
At one point when I had mentally and physically hit bottoms I remember thinking that Scott must somehow love me more than I could ever love him. With my illness，he had become the stronger one, and I the weaker one.And this disturbed me.
I recovered from my illness, but I couldn't seem to recover from the thought that I loved my husband less than he loved me.This seeming distinction in our love continued to annoy me for the year following my illness.
Then recently Scott and I went on a long bike ride.He's an experienced cyclist; I'm quite the green hand.At one point with a strong headwind and sharp pain building in my tired legs, I really thought I couldn't go any further. Seeing me struggle, Scott pulled in front of me and yelled over his shoulder，“Stay close behind me.”As I fell into the draft of his six-foot-three-inch frame and followed his steps, I discovered that my legs quit burning and I was able to catch my breath. My husband was pulling me along again. At this very moment I woke up to what I now believe: during these and other tough times，love has the opportunity to become stronger when one partner learns to lean on the other.
I pray my husband will always be strong and healthy.But if he should ever become the struggling one, whether on a bike ride or with an illness, I trust I'll be ready to call out to him: Stay close behind me—my turn to pull you along.
【语篇解读】 作者生病后，她的丈夫一直照顾、鼓励和支持她，给她帮助和力量；作者最后也发出感慨：倘若有一天角色互换，她也会同样给她的丈夫支持和力量。
8．What made the author feel helpless?
A．Her treatment's failure.
B．Her husband's caring for her too much.
C．Her losing the previous independence.
D．Her suffering from illness and mental disorder.
C [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Although my long-term evaluation was good，I，who had been so fiercely independent，rapidly became absolutely helpless.”和第二段中的“Needless to say，I had negative emotions，bouncing from embarrassment to shame caused by total reliance on someone other than myself.”可知作者曾经非常独立，但得病后完全依赖丈夫而变得很无助，感到尴尬和羞愧。故选C。]
9．Which of the following can best describe the author's husband?
A．Family-centered.
B．Not good at taking action.
C．Career-centered.
D．Independent but tired of negative emotions.
A [推理判断题。根据第二段前两句可知丈夫在作者得病后照顾家庭，看护生病的作者。故选A。]
10．What did the author's husband do when going on the long bike ride?
A．Followed her closely.
B．Gave in to her depression.
C．Backed her up all the way.
D．Stopped to take care of her.
C [推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Seeing me struggle，Scott pulled in front of me and yelled over his shoulder，‘Stay close behind me.’”和“My husband was pulling me along again.”可知作者进行长途的骑车运动时，她的丈夫一路上给她支持和鼓励，C选项Backed her up all the way意为“一路上支持她”，符合文章。故选C。]
11．Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “stepped up to the plate” in Paragraph 2?
A．Moved into batting position.
B．Began to take the responsibility.
C．Walked to the kitchen.
D．Began to wash the plates.
B [词义猜测题。此处指我生病后丈夫开始行动，履行自己的责任，照顾家庭，看护生病的作者。stepped up to the plate指“开始行动，接受挑战”。故选B。]
D
Scientists think they have answered a mystery：How some ocean creatures got so huge so quickly.
A few million years ago, the largest whales，averaged about 15 feet long.Then seemingly overnight, one type of whale, the toothless baleen whale (须鲸类) became huge.Modern blue whales get as big as 100 feet. Nicholas Pyenson of the Smithsonian Natural History Museum said，“Why is that？”“It happened in the glance of an evolutionary eye, which makes it harder to figure out what happened，” said Graham Slater，lead author of the study. Their study has suggested an answer：Ice ages in the last 3 to 5 million years started it, changing the oceans and food supply for whales.
The researchers used fossil records of the smaller whales to create a family tree for baleen whales which include blue whales, humpbacks and right whales. Using computer simulations (模拟) and knowledge about how evolution works，they concluded that when the size changes started, the poles got colder, ice expanded and the water circulation in the oceans changed and winds shifted.Slater and Pyenson said cold water went deep and moved closer to the equator (赤道) and then eventually moved back up with small fish and other small animals that whales eat.
Baleen whales, which have no teeth, feed by eating huge amounts of fish they capture.Toothed whales, like sperm whales (抹香鲸), hunt individual fish, so the ocean changes that made food less evenly spread out didn't affect them as much. But baleen whales hunt schools of fish.
Olivier Lambert at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences calls it “a really convincing situation”．But he said the lack of fossils in certain time periods is an issue.As oceans warm from man-made climate change，the seas will be more like it was when the whales were smaller and they will have a more difficult time surviving.
【语篇解读】 文章以鲸鱼为例分析了一些海洋动物快速变大的原因，提出了气候变化引起海洋变化，造成鲸鱼生存困难的现状，呼吁人们保护环境和动物。
12．What does the author mean by “It happened in the glance of an evolutionary eye” in the second paragraph?
A．The change of baleen whales happened too quickly.
B．The change of baleen whales was too difficult to explore.
C．Researchers paid little attention to the change of baleen whales.
D．Researchers thought the change of baleen whales was unimportant.
A [句意理解题。根据下句“which makes it harder to figure out what happened”可知画线句子指这种变化在进化的发展中只是匆匆一瞥，形容其速度之快。A项正好表达了此意。]
13．What played the key role in baleen whales' becoming huge?
A．Man-made climate change.
B．Its eating a huge amount of fish.
C．The water circulation in the oceans.
D．The increase of food supply for whales.
D [推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句、第三段最后一句和第四段中“But baleen whales hunt schools of fish.”可知由于海水流向和鲸鱼食物来源的变化，须鲸能捕获到鱼群，食物增多，体积变大。故选D。]
14．What do we know about sperm whales and blue whales according to the text?
A．Sperm whales eat more food.
B．Blue whales live much longer.
C．Sperm whales prefer to hunt schools of fish.
D．Blue whales usually swallow schools of fish.
D [推理判断题。根据第二段中“the toothless baleen whale(须鲸类)became huge.Modern blue whales get as big as 100 feet.”和第四段中“Toothed whales，like sperm whales(抹香鲸)，hunt individual fish...But baleen whales hunt schools of fish.”可知sperm whales和blue whales的情况，blue whales属于baleen whales，能捕获鱼群。故选D。]
15．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．There are no whale fossils now.
B．The whales may become even bigger.
C．Global warming has threatened the whales.
D．Olivier Lamber thinks the study is perfect.
C [推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知由于气候变暖引起海洋变化，威胁鲸鱼的生存。故选C。]
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Choosing the Right Path to Be a “Better” Person
Life is a constant exercise in self-improvement. In the rush to achieve, the idea of being “better” can become lost sometimes. You may always wonder how to improve yourself and fulfill your dreams in an easier way. 16
Explore your talents.
Everybody has some outstanding skills or interests. So it's often necessary to be patient and try many things before you find one that suits you.
17 For example, people loving adventure may not be interested in the quiet chess club, but someone who enjoys other quiet activities might be.Determining who you enjoy being around may help you know what you'll enjoy.
18
No matter how much money you make, you will not be happy if you spend your entire life doing something you hate.It's important to at least devote some of your time to what makes you happy.
If you're particularly unhappy at your job, consider why. 19 If you feel your job isn't meaningful，or isn't in line with your values, consider finding another job.
Experience something new.
Research has shown that when we're in our comfort zone，we aren't as productive as we are when we step just beyond it. 20 Because of that, we may react slowly to our own positive experiences. It's important to have new experiences and interactions with others, even when those are a little scary. Doing so can help you achieve more.
A．Do what you love.
B．Here are some tips for you.
C．Register in a class you're interested in.
D．Humans adapt very quickly to positive events.
E．It's possible that some changes may change your feeling.
F．Similar types of people may be attracted to the same activities.
G．Try not to allow yourself to focus so much on a certain aspect of your life.
【语篇解读】 人生就是不断提升自我的过程，有时我们急于取得成功，却迷失了自我。本文就如何提升自己给出了一些建议。
16．B [上文提到你可能想知道如何用更简单的方式提升自己，下文则给出了一些建议。由此可知，设空处承上启下。故B项符合语境。]
17．F [本段最后一句提到，判断你喜欢跟谁在一起有助于你了解自己喜欢什么。由此可知，F项符合语境。故选F项。]
18．A [本题考查标题句。根据该标题下的“It's important to at least devote some of your time to what makes you happy.”可知，花时间做自己喜欢的事很重要。由此可知，A项(做你喜欢的事)符合语境。]
19．E [上文提出如果特别不喜欢现在的工作，考虑一下原因，下文则提出考虑换一份工作。 由此可知，E项(有时候作出一些改变也可以改变你的心情)符合语境。]
20．D [本段主题是体验新事物。空格后说，正因为如此，我们可能对自己的积极的体验反应迟钝。D项(人类对积极的事件适应很快)正好解释了下文的现象。故选D项。]
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
My two kids and I were at Dunkin' Donuts, meeting my grandfather for a cup of coffee.My boys were 2 and 4 then. When the naughty little kid 21 his icecream in the middle of the store, I turned to my grandfather for 22 . I was surprised to find him laughing. When I tried to talk to him about how 23 life with two young boys is, his reply was short, “Little kids， 24 problems.”
At the time, I felt a little angry. The 25 of raising my two boys didn't feel little.I sometimes felt overwhelmed (不知所措的) by their problems and needs. Still, I knew how to 26 them. I could calm my elder son down with his favourite CD and smiled at him in the rear-view mirror (后视镜). Back then, “fixing their problems” seemed like my 27 . I did it every day. And, in general, I could fix most things that annoy them.
Those boys are 24 and 22 now. And, 28 my grandfather said, their problems are bigger than they were 20 years ago. And one thing I'm 29 at this stage of parenting is how to be a mom who doesn't help them. Worried about my elder son recently, I repeated my 30 to him, but he told me to stop—told me that I wasn't being 31 and that I needed to let him be.
Honestly, I miss the days when I felt so helpful. But I also feel 32 that I've raised an adult healthy enough to 33 his own life.And so, in a 34 reversal(互换), it is my son who now calms me down， 35 me and then smiles at me from his rear-view mirror.
【语篇解读】 本文语篇类型是记叙文，主题语境是生活。文章讲述了父母与孩子之间在不同阶段所扮演的角色不同。
21．A.bought B．opened
C．sat on D．looked for
C [根据空前naughty可知，儿子是淘气的，sat on符合语境。当儿子坐到冰淇淋上，“我”向祖父寻求支持与帮助。]
22．A.care B．support
C．attention D．explanation
B [参考上题解析。]
23．A.exciting B．encouraging
C．challenging D．embarrassing
C [根据下文关于照顾孩子的描述可知，“我”觉得和两个小男孩一起生活是很大的挑战。]
24．A.serious B．common
C．complex D．little
D [根据第二段第一句中的angry以及第三段中their problems are bigger可知，此处祖父是说小孩子都是小问题。]
25．A.value B．difficulty
C．advantage D．responsibility
B [“我”当时听了祖父的话有点生气，因为养育两个男孩并不是小困难。]
26．A.ignore B．fix
C．organize D．share
B [根据空后内容可知，不过“我”还是知道怎样应对它们。]
27．A.dream B．lesson
C．choice D．job
D [那个时候，“我”每天都在做这些，所以应对这些问题似乎成了“我”的工作。而且“我”基本上可以处理困扰他们的大部分事情。]
28．A.once B．if
C．as D．while
C [根据下文内容可知，正如祖父所说的那样，他们的问题随着年龄的增长也比20年前大了。]
29．A.imagining B．experiencing
C．improving D．learning
D [根据空后的how to be a mom可知，这个阶段“我”需要学习的便是如何做一个不去帮助他们的妈妈。]
30．A.warnings B．excuses
C．memories D．theories
A [根据空前Worried about可知，最近因为担心大儿子，所以“我”一直给他重复一些注意事项。]
31．A.helpful B．young
C．intelligent D．powerful
A [根据最后一段的helpful可知，此空指“我”已经帮不上忙了。]
32．A.happy B．different
C．shocked D．regretful
A [但是看到他可以很好地处理自己的生活，“我”也感到很高兴。]
33．A.judge B．manage
C．save D．change
B [参考上题解析。]
34．A.job B．history
C．role D．time
C [根据空后内容可知，我们的角色互换后，如今是儿子安抚“我”，然后在自己的后视镜中冲“我”微笑。与第二段中“我”对儿子的做法形成对比。]
35．A.accepts B．controls
C．invites D．comforts
D [参考上题解析。]
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Venice is an attractive city between the sea and the sky. The city 36.________ (consist) of over 100 islands and there aren't any cars or buses. All the islands 37.________(link) by canals and bridges, making it 38.________(convenience) for people to travel around the city. The best-known of the canals, the Grand Canal, serves 39.________ the main street in the part of the city.
Venice has a lot of world-famous tourist 40._______(attraction), including Saint Mark's Square, the Doge's Palace and Saint Mark's Basilica，41.________ is the city's most famous church. Every year thousands 42.________ tourists visit this beautiful city.They always find themselves 43.________(impress) by the city's cultural treasures.
Sadly, the Italian city has been regularly flooded by rising sea water over the years. From November to February, sea level rises up to one and a half meters，44.________(cover) many of Venice's famous areas. But people in Venice still love their city. They are unwilling 45.________(leave). Instead, they want to stay there to save Venice from the sea.
【语篇解读】 本文语篇类型是说明文。主题语境是文化。威尼斯是一座海天相连的迷人城市，每年吸引了成千上万的游客来此地旅游观光。
36．consists [这里说的是客观事实，用一般现在时；consist of不能用于被动语态。]
37．are linked [这些岛屿是被连接起来，故用被动语态；这里说的是一般情况，用一般现在时。]
38．convenient [空白处所填词在句中作宾语补足语，需用convenience的形容词形式。]
39．as [serve as是固定短语，意为“充当；担任”。]
40．attractions [空前有a lot of修饰，故用其复数形式。]
41．which [关系代词which引导定语从句，修饰先行词Saint Mark's Basilica，并在从句中作主语。]
42．of [thousands of...意为“成千上万的……”。]
43．impressed [过去分词impressed by...作宾语补足语，宾语与宾补动作之间是被动关系。]
44．covering [covering many of Venice's famous areas是现在分词短语作结果状语(分词动作cover与逻辑主语之间是主动关系。)]
45．to leave [be unwilling to do sth.意为“不愿做某事”。]
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华。你在英国参加国际交流活动期间，打算参观大英博物馆。你在网上看到一则相关的广告，但有一些信息不明确。请给大英博物馆的负责人发一封邮件，询问有关情况。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Dear Sir / Madam，
Your advertisement on the Internet has caught my attention. I am planning to visit the British Museum. Now I am writing to find out more information about it.
Firstly, I am just wondering whether it is open on the weekend and when it is open on Fridays.Secondly, could you tell me how much the visitor has to pay for the admission? Besides, I want to know how long it takes to visit the museum.
I would be grateful if you could provide more information for me.I am looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
I should have been born with my fingers permanently glued to a keyboard.Since I was five, I've known that I want to be a professional writer: a journalist, a novelist, a modernday Shakespeare, maybe.In my freshman year I tried to figure out what A Midsummer Night's Dream and The Tragedy of Julius Caesar were about. Macbeth was much easier to understand in my sophomore year (大二年级)．
However, I'm practically addicted to books, whether I'm reading or writing them. I can't go a single day without writing something.I have made it a rule to pick up a pen and just let my thoughts out every day.
I can be inspired by anything: an expression, a song and a movie.Once I get inspired, it's like the wheels turning faster and faster as I think out one possible story after another.
My family is so widespread that whenever I meet with a cousin or an aunt I only vaguely (模糊地) remember; I tell him or her I'm a writer because I know it will distinguish me from all the other kids in the family and make me memorable.I told my relatives about the stories I used to write as a child，the projects I'm working on now, and why I'm working so hard to make a breakthrough in the competitive world of publishing.One aunt hugged me and told me，“Just don't forget about the rest of us when you become the next J. K. Rowling.”
Smiling, I replied, “Don't worry, I won't.” I am confident that I will become the next J. K. Rowling.I have the ambition, the means, and the talent. My English and history teachers don't praise my writing and tell me I have an innate (与生俱来的) writing talent even though they know how passionate I am about writing, and how that passion slips through my fingertips to the paper.
Paragraph 1：
I don't really know why I love writing so much.__________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
Maybe I just want to leave my mark on the world since I can't sing to create a great work of art. ______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Paragraph 1：
I don't really know why I love writing so much. I just do. I always feel that there is something in my mind about putting a story down on paper for friends across the globe to read and understand, and about finding just the right words to describe what I can see so clearly in my head, which attracts me like a beautiful song. Writing makes me who I am.Through writing I have found true happiness.
Paragraph 2：
Maybe I just want to leave my mark on the world since I can't sing to create a great work of art. Although I am a pretty good actor, acting doesn't seem like the right path for me, so I've chosen writing to make a breakthrough in this world. I am a novelist，journalist and graduate of Columbia University. How nice it sounds!
课时分层作业(四)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示写出下列单词。
1．What will you do if you find someone fainted(昏倒了) on the street?
2．The author wanted to illustrate(说明) the question by showing us some pictures.
3．If you entrust(委托) me with your life，I'll do my best to protect you.
4．One-third of the country is covered with trees and the majority(大多数) of the citizens are black people.
5．The low level of interest in the election(选举) has been reflected in the unwillingness of the citizens to vote.
6．I regret to inform you we'll replace you with the young man to take the job.
7．Mr.Smith was appointed as the director of the department of the university at the meeting last week.
8．He rejected the invitation from the foreign company and decided to serve the people at home.
9．She was so scared during the speech that she completely forget what she should say.
10．The young men tend to be more active and more eager to learn something new in their work.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
Marie Curies, born in Sklodovka, Poland in 1876，led a hard life as a girl. Her parents, both teachers，had small salaries and were quite poor, especially after her mother stopped teaching to raise five children and take care of her poor health. Marie's mother suffered from tuberculosis (肺结核) and died of it when Marie was ten.
When Marie was small, she showed great interest in science.She loved to study and hoped to become a scientist when she grew up. Her parents encouraged her interest in science.Excellent as she was in her studies，she couldn't go on with the advanced education she needed because Poland was then ruled by Russia and women were not permitted to go to college.
In order to continue her education, she smoothed away many difficulties and entered Paris University，where she lived a simple life and studied hard, so she graduated with the highest grades in her class.
After graduation she was engaged in scientific research in Paris University. There she met Pierre Curie, whom she married.Pierre joined her in her research into an unknown phenomenon “radiation”，which a certain scientist had declared that uranium gave off.The Curies spent several years trying their best to find the element that produced radiation. Finally they succeeded in 1902.
Marie Curie won two Nobel Prizes, one for physics in 1906, together with her husband and another scientist; the other for chemistry herself in 1911.Madame Curie was a scientist of great achievement，and the first woman ever to be honored in the Nobel Prize history.
1．When Marie was young, her family became poorer because ．
A．the family had five children
B．Marie's father had a small salary
C．Marie's mother gave up her job
D．the family was cruelly taxed by the Russians
C [细节理解题。 由第一段第二句可知，玛丽的妈妈放弃了工作来抚养五个孩子和照顾自己身体的时候家里更贫穷了。]
2．Marie couldn't continue the advanced education because ．
A．she wanted to help her father to support the family
B．her father couldn't afford to send her to college
C．her grades were very poor
D．colleges in Poland would not take women as students then
D [细节理解题。由第二段最后一句可以得出答案。]
3．The fact that proves Marie was the best student in her class is that ．
A．she smoothed away many difficulties and entered Paris University
B．her grades were the highest in her class
C．she did research work after her graduation
D．she won the Nobel Prize finally
B [推理判断题。由第三段最后一句可知，她毕业时的分数是班上最高的，由此可知，这个事实可以表明她是班上最棒的学生。]
4．The best title for this passage is ．
A．A Brief (简短的) Account (叙述) of Madame Curie's Life
B．Madame Curie and Radium
C．Marie Curie's Childhood
D．Madame Curie's Interest Science
A [主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了居里夫人的人生中一些重要的事情。]
B
Robert Michael Lipsyte is an American sports journalist and author. He was born on January 16，1938 in New York. Lipsyte's father was a school head teacher, his mother a teacher. Instead of sharing a game of catch with his father，the two often visited the library and read books. One of Lipsyte's children，Sam Lipsyte，is also an author and teacher at Columbia University in New York.
In the first chapter of his book SportsWorld，Lipsyte points out that he did not even attend his first Major League Baseball game until he was thirteen years old.Lipsyte says he was very disappointed with his experience at the game and went to only one more game “as a paying customer”. His third Major League Baseball game was as a sports reporter for The New York Times.
As a boy，Lipsyte did play sports, but he felt acute pressure to do better than others at sports which discouraged his interest. This experience later developed into a major theme in some of Lipsyte's non-fiction works such as SportsWorld and novels like Jock and Jill and One Fat Summer. The main character of One Fat Summer, Bobby Marks, is an adolescent in the 1950s. He is overweight and does something about it. In 1952，Lipsyte took a summer job as a lawn(草坪) boy and lost forty pounds, ridding himself of the youthful reputation for being fat.
In 1978，Robert Lipsyte was diagnosed(诊断) with cancer. His experience with the illness led to another novel for young adults, The Chemo Kid. Fred Bauer, the main character, is an ordinary high school junior and discovers he has cancer. Amazingly, Fred acquires superpowers, apparently due to the treatments, and becomes “The Chemo Kid”， fighting for the environment and against drug dealers.
Lipsyte was given a position in the New Jersey Literary Hall of Fame(名人堂) in 1993. The Margaret A．Edwards Award is an American Library Association literary award that annually recognizes an author and a specific body of his or her work for “significant and lasting contribution to young adult literature”. Lipsyte won the award in 2001, citing (表彰) four books published from 1967 to 1993. According to the citation, “Lipsyte's books focus on the search for self-definition by young adults.”
5．What can we learn about Lipsyte?
A．He devoted his childhood to sports.
B．He taught at Columbia University.
C．He came from an educated family.
D．He has only one child in his life.
C [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Lipsyte's father was a school head teacher，his mother a teacher”可知，利普斯特来自书香门第。]
6．What did Lipsyte do the second time he went to a Major League Baseball game?
A．He watched the game.
B．He reported the game.
C．He played the game and lost it.
D．He collected material for his book.
A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“went to only one more game‘as a paying customer’”可知，利普斯特第二次参与美国职业棒球大联盟比赛是作为观众，买票观赛。]
7．What do Bobby Marks and young Lipsyte have in common?
A．They didn't play sports.
B．They didn't like summer.
C．They dealt with their weight problem.
D．They reached adulthood in the 1950s.
C [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Bobby Marks...is overweight and does something about it.In 1952，Lipsyte...lost forty pounds，ridding himself of the youthful reputation for being fat.”可知，鲍比·马克斯和青少年时期的利普斯特都受肥胖困扰并积极解决这个问题。]
8．Why was Lipsyte given the Margaret A．Edwards Award in 2001?
A．Because he has achieved widespread fame.
B．Because he has written good books for teens.
C．Because he has talked about hot topics in his books.
D．Because he has published a significant number of books.
B [细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The Margaret A．Edwards Award...recognizes an author and a specific body of his or her work for‘significant and lasting contribution to young adult literature’．”及利普斯特的表彰词“Lipsyte's books focus on the search for self-definition by young adults”可知，利普斯特获奖是因为他写的青少年读物对青少年产生了深远影响。]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Most people are always trying to get more and more but never really enjoy life. 1 And we can do some simple things to appreciate the great life we already lead.
2 You really need to say thanks sincerely to those who take great trouble to help you. Make sure that you appreciate the small things that people do for you. And you are going to find that people will love you for the respect that you are showing.
Be thankful for all the things you have.Wake up every morning and start being thankful. You must do this with proper feeling and just love the things you have.Do this in your mind and just be really thankful. 3
Enjoy the moment. Don't be worried about everything all the time. 4 Just appreciate the present instead.You're going to find that this is a very hard thing to do, but with practice you'll find you're going to live an amazing life if you can do this effectively.
Go outside. 5 Just walk along the beach and watch the waves coming and going, climb mountains and watch the views, go fishing with your family, or watch the sunrise or the sunset. This world is beautiful and so is life!
A．Don't focus on the past or the future.
B．Life is full of so many wonderful things.
C．Appreciate all people who have helped you.
D．It is often hard to really notice how great life actually is.
E．The best way to find beauties is to spend time with nature.
F．You'll feel amazed because you have everything you want.
G．In fact, we need to appreciate everything we have in our life.
【语篇解读】 本文语篇类型是说明文，主题语境是生活。文章主要介绍了如何享受生活的美好。
1．G [空白处前提到大多数人都是在试图得到更多的东西却从来没有真正地享受生活，空白处后提到我们可以做一些简单的事去享受我们拥有的生活，所以本空承上启下，G项“实际上，我们需要欣赏我们现在生活中的一切”符合语境。]
2．C [本段主要讲要感谢那些帮助过你的人，感激他们帮你做的所有事，C项与本段内容吻合，总领该段。]
3．F [本段讲了要感激你拥有的东西，因为这样你会发现你拥有你想要的一切东西。]
4．A [本段主旨为享受当下，A项“不要关注过去或将来”与主旨吻合，并与空前句子构成并列关系。]
5．E [空白处前提到到户外，空白处后提到关于户外活动的例子，E项“发现美好事物最好的方法是与大自然相处”与本段内容吻合，符合语境。]
课时分层作业(五)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．John caught his sister reading(read) his private letters.
2．He received an invitation to dinner，and with his work finished(finish)，he gladly accepted it.
3．I won't have you speaking(speak) to your dad like that.
4．It's wrong to leave the machine running(run)．
5．When I passed by his office，I heard my teacher singing(sing) a song.
6．The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，making(make) air conditioning unnecessary.
7．There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland，staring(stare) at the night sky.
8．Finally I refused to attend classes, shutting(shut) myself in my room for hours.
9．Judging(judge) from the name, it is easy to guess that players can only join if they are fat.
10．I believe she lay awake at night thinking(think) up mean things to do.
Ⅱ.完形填空
Carl didn't talk much, but would always greet everyone with a big smile.He was a 1 man. No one really knew him, 2 he had lived in our neighborhood for over 50 years.
Carl had a slight limp (跛行) from the wound in a 3 . Watching him，we worried that although he had survived World War Ⅱ， he might not make it through the increasing 4 ．
When our local church advertised a volunteer job of 5 a garden, Carl got the job.Later, the very thing we had always 6 finally happened.
Carl was just finishing his 7 when three young people approached him. Ignoring their bad attempt (企图), he simply asked, “Would you like a drink from the hose (软管)？” The tallest said “Yeah, sure” with a(n) 8 smile.As Carl offered the hose to him, the other two knocked him down and the tallest 9 his watch and money.
Carl tried to stand up but failed until someone came to help him. A few weeks later the three 10 . Carl again offered them a drink and they treated Carl as before.
And one day, Carl was 11 by the sudden approach of someone—one of the three guys! Carl prepared himself for the expected 12 . “Don't worry. I'm not going to hurt you，” the young man spoke 13 ， offering the watch and money to Carl.Confused, Carl asked, “Why would you help me now？” The man said, “I 14 something from you. Every time we did something bad to you，you kept showing your 15 ．”
After Carl was dead, another advertisement showed, “A person needed to take care of a garden”， and the young man took the job.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，主题语境是生活。Carl照看当地的一个花园期间被三个人多次欺负，然而他每次都会以善待人，从而感动和教化了其中一个人。
1．A.popular B．wise
C．quiet D．handsome
C [根据第一句中didn't talk much以及空后No one really knew him可知，Carl是个非常安静的人。]
2．A.as though B．even though
C．since D．if
B [根据空前没有人真正了解他可知，此空表转折，虽然他在这住了五十多年。]
3．A.battle B．fight
C．game D．match
A [根据下文World WarⅡ可知，Carl参加过二战，在战斗中受了伤。]
4．A.demand B．difficulty
C．happiness D．violence
D [根据下文那三个人的行为可知，此空指当地越来越多的暴力事件。]
5．A.building B．designing
C．looking for D．looking after
D [根据最后一段中take care of可知，此空指照看花园。]
6．A.feared B．expected
C．regretted D．experienced
A [根据第3空后的we worried以及下文内容可知，作者担心害怕的事情还是发生了。]
7．A.sleeping B．watering
C．washing D．drinking
B [根据下文hose可知，Carl刚给花园浇完水。]
8．A.warm B．bright
C．forced D．unfriendly
D [根据下文那三个人的行为可知，他的笑应该是不友善的。]
9．A.bought B．checked
C．stole D．ruined
C [根据第13空后的offering the watch and money可知，个子最高的那个人偷走了Carl的手表与钱。]
10．A.responded B．returned
C．disappeared D．apologized
B [根据下文内容可知，那三个人几周后又回来了，并且还是像上次那样对待Carl。]
11．A.harmed B．excited
C．shocked D．disturbed
C [根据空后的sudden可知，突然有人接近Carl，所以他感到震惊。]
12．A.sadness B．attack
C．change D．respect
B [根据上文内容可知，这个人是伤害他的三个人之一，Carl预料到这个人又会像以前那样对他，所以他准备好了去面对攻击。]
13．A.briefly B．angrily
C．softly D．quickly
C [根据这位年轻人的话可知，他语气温和。]
14．A.saved B．took
C．borrowed D．learned
D [根据空后内容可知，这位年轻人之所以这样做是因为他从Carl身上学到了一些东西。]
15．A.pain B．concern
C．kindness D．attention
C [根据上文Carl的做法可知，这三个人如此对待Carl，但他仍然保持他的善良。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
Who is smarter? A human being or artificial intelligence (AI)? The question 1. (sweep) across the world a few weeks ago when a Google-developed program called AlphaGo defeated the best player in the world.So，what comes next?
Some people are worried, saying that the rapid development of artificial intelligence could mean the end 2. the human race.So are we really about to live in the world 3. (show) in the movies?
“Not quite，” answered John Markoff of The New York Times，4. is optimistic about the future.“We think that, for the human being, things like sight and balance are natural 5. ordinary in our life.Also, we humans are better at making 6. (adjust) to the surroundings. We have a long way to go before AI can 7. (true) begin to be similar to the human brain, even though the technology can be great.”
“Our fate (命运) is in our own 8. (hand)，” he added.“Since technology depends on the value of 9. (it) creators, we can use technology 10. (improve) the world.”
【语篇解读】 本文语篇类型是说明文，主题语境是科学与技术。谁更聪明？人类还是人工智能？人工智能在许多领域击败了人类，但这能说明人工智能可以取代人类大脑吗？
1．swept [时间状语a few weeks ago常与过去时连用。]
2．of [the end of...意为“……的终结”。]
3．shown [过去分词短语shown in the movies作定语，修饰world(分词动作show与被修饰词之间是被动关系)。]
4．who [关系代词who指代先行词John Markoff，引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。]
5．and [natural与ordinary为并列关系，故用and连接。]
6．adjustments [空白处所填词在句中作make的宾语，故用adjust的名词形式；adjustment 常用复数形式。]
7．truly [空白处所填词在句中修饰谓语动词，故用true的副词形式。]
8．hands [根据句意“我们的命运掌握在我们自己的手里”可知，此处用hand的复数形式。]
9．its [空白处所填词在句中作定语，修饰名词creators，故用形容词性物主代词its。]
10．to improve [根据句意可知，此处用动词不定式表目的。]
课时分层作业(六)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Friends should always be honest with you, right? So when they lie, it can be really hard to take.But a friend who lies isn't always trying to hurt you. Why does this happen?
They want to protect your feelings.
One of the biggest reasons friends lie is simply to avoid hurting your feelings.
Some people don't understand the difference between being gently honest with a friend and being so straightforward that they leave a verbal wound.They choose to avoid these in the form of a lie.
What you can do: Encourage your friends to be straight with you. No matter what their answer is, let them know you value it. If you get angry with them, they won't feel comfortable when telling you the truth again.
They feel embarrassed.
Sometimes friends will lie about things in their life because they are too embarrassed to admit the truth. Maybe they are going through a rough time and they just don't want you to know about it.
What you can do: Avoid trying to badger your friend to tell you what's wrong.Instead, make it clear that you are there for them when and if they are ready to talk.
They just don't want an argument with you.
Perhaps your friends know that if they tell you the truth, you'll get angry with them. Avoiding conflict is not always healthy for a friendship because it allows problems to grow over time.If you have a bad temper (脾气), your friends might try and avoid getting into an argument with you and instead just tell you what you want to hear.
What you can do: Make sure that if a friend tells you something unpleasant, you don't overreact. Consider what's being said and why your friend is telling you this. If you do end up arguing, do it in a respectable way.
【语篇解读】 本文语篇类型是说明文，主题语境是做人与做事。主要介绍了朋友说谎的原因以及应对措施。
1．Why do friends lie according to the text?
A．Because the truth hurts.
B．Because they feel unconfident.
C．Because it is hard to make friends.
D．Because they avoid losing your friendship.
A [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But a friend who lies isn't always trying to hurt you”及文中小标题可知，有时朋友说谎并不是意在伤害对方，恰恰是因为讲真话伤人，为了不伤害对方，不让自己难堪，或是为了避免冲突才说谎。]
2．What are you advised to do when your friends lie to you?
A．Let it go.
B．Handle it respectably.
C．Blame them for it.
D．Break up with them.
B [推理判断题。根据文中小标题下方的“What you can do”部分可知，当我们发现朋友撒谎的时候，我们应该以一种体面的方式去处理，这样可以避免冲突，进而维护了与朋友的关系。]
3．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “badger” in Para.6?
A．Warn. B．Allow.
C．Persuade. D．Teach.
C [词义猜测题。根据上下文语境可知，作者建议不要试图劝朋友告诉你怎么了，而是要让朋友明白他们随时都可以向你敞开心扉。]
4．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Why your friends lie to you?
B．Why you should tell the truth?
C．How you make friends with others?
D．How you improve your friendships?
A [标题判断题。根据第一段中的“But a friend who lies isn't always trying to hurt you.Why does this happen？”和文中的小标题可知，文章主要分析了朋友撒谎并非意在伤害对方的原因，故A项做标题最合适。]
B
Back to the Future Part Ⅱ， which came out in 1989, made a series of predictions (预言) about 2015. However, the world of 2015 didn't see flying cars and power clothing as predicted, and instead we got Snapchat, selfies and man buns. Recently, Richard Watson, futurist, writer and founder of online magazine What's Next, gives his ideas about the world of 2045：
By 2045 machines can sense human feelings. This can be done by “harvesting” facial expressions, body language, heart rates, voice and so on.If you are typing text into a computer, the computer might consider the speed you are typing, decide you are stressed and conclude that this isn't the best time to allow you to read depressing e-mails. If you are driving a car, the car might consider how you are driving and come to certain conclusions. If the car decides you are angry and in danger of driving unsafely it might adapt (使适应) itself to make things safer.
By 2045 we should see insect-sized robotic insects. They might be used for crop pollination (授粉) purposes or as crowd control cameras. These flying robots could be used to test air quality, search for pollution or give early warning about biological or gas attacks.
By 2045 many kitchens will feature a 3-D printer that can turn out a printed pizza, biscuits, cakes and so on. Unlikely to put any restaurants out of business, a 3-D printer does make your life more convenient.
【语篇解读】 本文语篇类型是说明文，主题语境是未来生活。2045年人们的生活会怎么样呢？让我们来看看一位未来学家的预测吧。
5．What can we learn about Back to the Future Part Ⅱ？
A．It is based on ideas of many futurists.
B．It shows deep concern for power clothing.
C．It is right about Snapchat, selfies and man buns.
D．It makes some wrong predictions about the year 2015.
D [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However，the world of 2015 didn't see flying cars and power clothing as predicted”可知，2015年并没有像电影里预言的那样出现flying cars和power clothing，说明这部电影对2015年的预言有一些是错误的。]
6．What does Para.2 tell us about the machines in 2045?
A．They will take over our jobs.
B．They will be everywhere in our lives.
C．They will make it hard for us to hide our feelings.
D．They will read our feelings and adapt accordingly.
D [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“By 2045 machines can sense human feelings... this isn't the best time to allow you to read depressing e-mails... it might adapt(使适应) itself to make things safer.”可知，到2045年机器可以感知我们的情绪并作出相应调整。]
7．According to Richard Watson, which of the following will be a reality in 2045?
A．Air pollution has been controlled.
B．Robots are used to benefit agriculture.
C．Printed food is available on the market.
D．Driverless cars can reduce traffic problems.
B [推理判断题。根据第三段中的“By 2045 we should see insect-sized robotic insects.They might be used for crop pollination(授粉) purposes...”可推知B项正确。]
8．The author develops the ideas of the text by ．
A．listing examples
B．following time order
C．making comparisons
D．describing processes
A [推理判断题。作者在第一段提出文章主题，第二、三、四段从不同方面举例说明Richard Watson对2045年的预测。]
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I just finished reading a story about a school administrator who was once a middle school teacher in a large American city.She had a life-changing experience that I can identify with.
After dinner one evening, she was waiting to get on the elevator and when the doors opened, she was face to face with a former student who she had made leave school. The student was not allowed to return and now, several years later, she was faced with the same student.
He had brought a BB gun to school. There were zero tolerance rules in places such as the school. A BB gun, though not a deadly weapon, could still do a lot of bodily harm and perhaps it could be dangerous. The fact is, the school was not a place for it to be brought. The student was expelled (开除) and told not to come back.
She and the student, immediately recognized each other and he offered a pleasant greeting to her as he stepped out of the elevator. He had in fact joined the military academy and was about to take the SAT to enter college.She was thankful that his life had not gone in a different direction and that he wasn't in jail. He had a positive outlook on his life and a plan to pursue something good in his future.
Yesterday, I was in a grade 1 high school class teaching TOEFL Speaking.Tony was sitting in the first row. I noticed before class that Tony had slightly kicked a desk and was obviously upset about something.I also know that he has a girlfriend in the class and I quickly concluded that they'd had an argument. I know that it is silly of him to act that way or perhaps even have a girlfriend at that age. Nevertheless, he did so and this little drama was unfolding even before class began.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
I was also sensitive to the fact that he possibly wasn't ready to stand up and answer the TOEFL questions I'd posed to the class.
Paragraph 2：
I've been a teacher long enough to be able to read the students in the classroom so I knew he needed some time to relax and cool down before I called on him.
【参考范文】
Paragraph 1：
I was also sensitive to the fact that he likely wasn't ready to stand up and answer the TOEFL questions I'd posed to the class. So I thought I should give him a few minutes to calm down. If I didn't feel that he had recovered from his anger and being upset，I might even skip him yesterday. There were two voices in my head when faced with such a situation. One said, “Make him do it！” The other said, “Listen to your heart.” Thankfully, I listened to my heart.
Paragraph 2：
I've been a teacher long enough to be able to read the students in the classroom and knew he needed some time to relax and cool down before I called on him. I left him almost to the last one and he surprised me and did better than expected. Listening to my heart instead of making it hard on him, proved to be the right thing to do. Not only did Tony get the opportunity to receive some grace and understanding, but I also concluded that a teacher needs to be strong and demanding sometimes.Nevertheless, there are also times that the teacher needs to be in touch with the emotional needs of the students and listen to the voice of the heart.
