1．Courage is the light of adversity.
勇气是处于逆境时的光芒。
2．Heroes give courage to mortals, and courage makes them heroes.
英雄给予凡人勇气，勇气使凡人成为英雄。
3．A large number of people can be lost in the world because they lack a little courage.
很多人会在尘世间迷茫，只因缺少一点儿勇气。
4．If you don't even have the courage to face the loss, then you don't deserve anything.
如果，你连面对失去的勇气都没有，那么，你不配得到什么。
5．If you have the courage to start, you will have the pride of success.
如果你具备了开始的勇气，就有了成功的豪情。
6．A man's courage can bear all the burdens; his patience can bear most of the pain.
人的勇气能承担一切重负；人的耐心能忍受大部分痛苦。
I Look Up At The Starry Sky
I look up at the starry sky
Which is so deep and vast.
The never-ending truth
Makes me struggle to follow and quest it.
I look up at the starry sky
Which is so solemn(庄严的), holy and pure.
The severe and awe-inspiring justice
Makes me filled with deep love and in awe of it.
I look up at the starry sky
Which is so free and serene(平静的)．
The broad bosom
Provides the place where my soul rests and nestles to.
I look up at the starry sky
Which is so marvelous and glorious.
The eternal(不朽的) blaze
Kindles the flame of hope in my heart
Which resounds with spring thunder.
The oddness of life in space never quite goes away. Here are some examples.
First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own challenges. The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.If you leave your arms out，they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet(芭蕾)dancer. “I'm an inside guy，”Mike Hopkins says，who returned from a six-month tour on the International Space Station.“I like to be wrapped up.”
On the station, the ordinary becomes strange.The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars. It also has no seat. With no gravity，it's just as easy to pedal violently. You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long.Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale(呼气)has a tendency to form an invisible(隐形的) cloud around your head.You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.
Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat. “Your inner ear thinks you're falling.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you're standing straight. That can be annoying—that's why some people feel sick.”Within a couple of days—truly terrible days for some astronauts' brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.
[探索发现]
1．The major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space is deciding on a proper sleep position．
2．The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when they exercise in one place for a long time．
3．Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because their brains receive contradictory messages.
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking &Reading and Thinking——Comprehending
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a．给下列单词选择正确的汉语意思
( )1.astronaut A．n.码头；船坞
vt.&vi.(两架航天器)对接；(使)……进港
( )2.procedure B．n.宇航员；太空人
( )3.rocket C．n.程序；步骤；手续
( )4.vehicle D．n.玉；翡翠；玉器
( )5.satellite E．n.太空行走；太空行走的时间
( )6.mankind F．n.航天器；宇宙飞船
( )7.spacecraft G．n.火箭；火箭弹
( )8.spacewalk H．n.人造卫星；卫星
( )9.jade I．n.交通工具；车辆
( )10.dock J．n.人类
[答案] 1－5 BCGIH 6－10 JFEDA
b．给下列短语选择正确的汉语意思
( )11.be determined to do sth. A．继续做，坚持干
( )12.find out B．在宇宙飞船上；在船上；
在飞机上
( )13.focus on C．抱着……的希望
( )14.for example D．查明；找出
( )15.believe in E．下决心做某事
( )16.carry on F．关注……，集中做……
( )17.on board G．例如
( )18.in the hope of doing sth. H．相信，信仰
( )19.so as to I．为了；以便
[答案] 11－15 EDFGH 16－19 ABCI
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．mental adj. 精神的；思想的
2．intelligent adj. 有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的
3．universe n. 宇宙；天地万物
4．determine vt. 查明；确定；决定
5．launch vt.&n. 发射；发起；上市
6．transmit vt.&vi. 传输；发送
7．disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的
8．desire n. 渴望；欲望
vt. 渴望；期望
9．independent adj. 独立的；自立的
10．signal vt.&vi. 标志着；标明；发信号
n. 信号；标志
Ⅰ.语境填空
astronaut；procedure；gravity；launch；orbit；giant；leap；mankind；agency；data
1．He was writing the selection procedure when I paid a visit to him this morning.
2．Yang Liwei was the first astronaut in China who successfully orbited Earth.
3．The space craft can fly into the space only when it can escape Earth's gravity．
4．Afterwards，Tiangong 2 space lab was launched into space.
5．Mankind believes in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
6．When travelling，we leapt(leap) over the stream.
7．Recently，America's NASA space agency has launched another space craft to research the problem.
8．The accident should not happen according to my data．
9．The big stones over there looked like giant monsters at night.
10．They changed their orbit while flying in space.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．It must be the first duty of us to perform physical and mental(mentally) work.
2．She solved the problem in an intelligent(intelligence) way.
3．If you do，you'll have the force of the universe(universal) behind you.
4．He has been determined(determine) to learn English well.
5．To his great disappointment(disappoint)，he failed again in the driving test.
6．As a teacher，I want my students to be independent (independently) learners.
7．I have to find a way to transmit(transmit) the objects.
8．Whether you are married or single，we all want to feel desired(desire)．
9．It is universally(universe) acknowledged that the earth goes around the sun.
10．He leapt/leaped(leap) on me without a word.
1．Over eight years later，on 20 July 1969，American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon，...
八年之后，也就是在1969年7月20日，美国宇航员，尼尔·阿姆斯特朗登上月球……
2....famously saying“That's one small step for [a] man，one giant leap for mankind”．
一句著名的话，“对一个人来说，这是一小步；对人类来说，这是一大步”。
3．Following this，many more goals were achieved.
随之而来的是，许多目标都实现了。
词语助读
①frontier n．边境；国界；边远地区
②vehicle n．交通工具；车辆
③universe n．宇宙；天地万物
④determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的
⑤rocket n．火箭；火箭弹
⑥gravity n．重力；引力
⑦satellite n．人造卫星；卫星
⑧launch vt.&n.发射；发起；上市
⑨orbit n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围vt.&vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
⑩giant adj.巨大的；伟大的n.巨人；巨兽；伟人
?leap n．跳跃；剧增；剧变(leapt，leapt/leaped，leaped)vi.&vt.跳过；跃过
?mankind n．人类
?agency n．(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处
?transmit vt.&vi.传输；发送
?data n．资料；数据
?astronaut n．宇航员；太空人
?disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的
?desire n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望
?carry on继续做；坚持干
?ongoing adj.持续存在的；仍在进行的；不断发展的
on board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
independently adv.独立地；自立地
spacecraft n．航天器；宇宙飞船
spacewalk n．太空行走；太空行走的时间
jade n．玉；翡翠；玉器
dock vi.&vt.(两架航天器)对接；(使)……进港n.码头；船坞
signal vt.&vi. 标志着；标明；发信号n.信号；标志
[1]Looking up at the stars是现在分词作状语
[2]本句中的that引导定语从句，修饰先行词planets
[3]succeed in doing sth.成功做某事，另外本句中的that引导定语从句，修饰rockets
[4]the first person...to go into space当名词被序数词或最高级修饰时，常用不定式作定语
[5]Following...是分词作状语
[6]Although引导让步状语从句
[7]在made everyone sad and disappointed中sad and disappointed作宾语补足语
[8]but引导并列句
[9]This is because...，because引导表语从句
[10]providing...分词短语作状语
[11]than引导比较级
[12]when引导非限制性定语从句
[13]followed...分词作状语
[14]not only...but also连接两个并列成分，意为“不但……而且”
课本原文
SPACE：THE FINAL FRONTIER①
“Are we alone? What's out there？”[1]Looking up at the stars，people have always wanted to learn more about space，and scientists work hard to find answers.They make vehicles② to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe③.They also really wish to discover other planets [2]that are suitable enough to support life.
Before the mid-20th century，most people felt travelling into space was an impossible dream.However，some scientists were determined④ to help humans realise their dream to explore space.After many experiments，they [3]succeeded in making rockets⑤ that could escape Earth's gravity⑥.On 4 October 1957，the Sputnik 1 satellite⑦ was launched⑧ by the USSR and successfully orbited⑨ around Earth.Afterwards，the USSR focused on sending people into space，and on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became [4]the first person in the world to go into space.Over eight years later，on 20 July 1969，American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon，famously saying，“That's one small step for [a] man，one giantB10 leap? for mankind?.” [5]Following this，many more goals were achieved.For example，America's NASA space agency? launched Voyager 1 on 5 September 1977 to study deep space，and it still transmits? data? today.
[6]Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong，accidents can still happen.All the astronauts? on the USSR's Soyuz 11 and America's Challenger died during their missions.These disasters [7]made everyone sad and disappointed?，[8]but the desire? to explore the universe never died.[9]This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on? space exploration despite the huge risks.An example of this ongoing? work is the International Space Station.It orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on boardB21，[10]providing a continuous human presence in space.
China's space programme started late [11]than those of Russia and the US，but it has made great progress in a short time.China became the third country in the world to independentlyB22 send humans into space in 2003，[12]when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraftB23.Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalkB24，[13]followed by the vehicle JadeB25 Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.After that，China launched the Tiangong 2 space lab into space and Tianzhou 1 to dockB26 with it.This signalledB27 one step further in China's plan to establish a space station in the future.More recently，China has sent Chang'e 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurements and observations.
The future of space exploration remains bright.Europe，the US，and China all have plans to further study and explore planets like Mars and Jupiter.Despite the difficulties，scientists hope future discoveries will [14]not only enable us to understand how the universe began，but also help us survive well into the future.
译文参考
太空：最后的边境
仰望星空，(人们)不禁要问：“我们是孤独的吗？那里是什么？”，人们一直想更多地了解太空，而且科学家在努力工作寻求答案，为了查明宇宙的秘密他们制做了交通工具把那些勇敢的人带到太空。他们也真地希望能发现其他适合生命生存的行星。
在二十世纪中期以后，绝大多数人认为太空旅行是不可能的。然而，一些科学家决意要帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。经过多次实验之后，他们成功地造出了能够逃脱地球引力的火箭。在1957年10月4日，苏联成功发射了Sputnik 1号卫星，且卫星成功地绕地球运转。后来苏联专注于研究送人类进入太空(这个问题)并且在1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。八年之后，也就是在1969年7月20日，美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗登上月球，说了一句著名的话，“对一个人来说，这是一小步；对人类来说，这是一大步。”随之而来的是，许多目标都实现了。例如，为了研究外层空间，美国航空航天局在1977年9月5日发射了航行者1号，时至今日它仍然能传送一些数据。
虽然科学家竭力确保不出任何错误，但事故仍然可能发生。在执行任务期间，在苏联的联盟者11号和美国的挑战者(飞船上)的所有宇航员全部遇难。这些灾难让每个人感到悲伤和失望，但是(人们)探索宇宙的渴望从未泯灭。这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。这种继续努力的一个例子就是国际太空站。它绕地球运行，允许来自不同国家的宇航员搭乘，让人类持续不断地出现在太空中。
中国的太空计划开始的比俄国和美国都晚。但是在短时间内取得了很大进步，在2003年，中国成为世界上第三个独自把人类送入太空的国家，当时杨利伟在神舟五号宇宙飞船里成功地绕地球运行。此后神舟六号和七号分别完成了第二次载人飞行以及中国人的第一次太空行走，紧接着月球探测车玉兔也被发射到月球去研究其表面。之后中国把天宫二号太空实验室送入太空，并且与天舟一号实现对接。这标志着中国未来建立空间站的计划又前进了一步。最近，为了做好测量和观测，中国已经发射了嫦娥四号去探测月球离我们较远的那一边的表面。
宇航探索的未来充满光明，欧洲、美国和中国都有计划要进一步研究和探索像火星和木星这样的行星。尽管困难重重，科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能够使我们了解宇宙的起源，而且还帮助我们更好地进入未来。
速读课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.单项选择
阅读P40－41课文内容，选择最佳选项
1．What does the scientist do to find out the secrets of the universe?
A．Look up at the stars.
B．Make vehicles to carry people into space.
C．Want to learn more about space.
2． was launched on 4 October 1957.
A．The Sputnik 1 B．The Voyager 1
C．The Challenger 1
3．In 2003 Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in ．
A．Shenzhou 6 B．Shenzhou 7
C．Shenzhou 5
4．Tiangong 2 space lab was launched into space to dock with ．
A．Tianzhou 1 B．Chang'e 4
C．Shenzhou 5
[答案] 1－4 BACA
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息
A.to look up at the stars B．to learn more about space C．to find out the secrets of the universe D．to understand the origin of universe E．to orbit Earth independently
1．The scientists make vehicles to carry people into space ．
2．The scientists hope future discoveries will enable us ．
3．Now many scientists work hard ．
4．Scientists wish and further study and explore the space.
5．The Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR on 4 October 1957.
[答案] 1－5 CDBAE
Ⅲ.表格填空
time
events
On 4 October 1957
the Sputnik 1 satellite was 1.launched by the USSR and successfully 2.orbited around Earth.
On 12 April 1961
Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world 3.to go(go) into space.
On 20 July 4.1969
Armstrong stepped onto the moon，saying，“That's one small step for a man，one giant 5.leap for mankind.”
On 5 September 1977
America launched Voyager 1 to study 6.deep space，and it still 7.transmits data today.
In 8.2003
China became the third country in the world to 9.independently send humans into space and Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.
细读课文完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Para.1 A．China has made great progress in exploring space.
2．Para.2 B．The future of space exploration remains bright.
3．Para.3 C．The achievements that the USSR and America made.
4．Para.4 D．People have always wanted to explore space.
5．Para.5 E．The desire of people to explore the universe never died.
[答案] 1－5 DCEAB
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．The main idea of the passage is ．
A．the space exploration of mankind
B．the great achievements the USA has made
C．Yuri Gagarin's travel to space
D．Accidents that happened in space
2．Which of the follow statements is true according to Para.2?
A．Travelling into space was an impossible dream in the mid-20th century.
B．The USSR was the first country to launch satellite into space.
C．Gagarin was the first man to step onto the moon.
D．America launched Voyager 1 to orbit the Earth.
3．What is the fun_ction of the International Space Station?
A．Telling us the huge risks of space exploration.
B．Having astronauts from different countries on board.
C．Letting us believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration.
D．Welcoming the brave people to pay a visit to it.
4．We can infer from Para.4 ．
A．Yang Liwei orbited Earth in Shenzhou 5 spacecraft
B．Tiangong 2 space lab docked with Tianzhou 1 successfully in space
C．the main aim of Chang'e 4 is to make measurements
D．China has made great achievements in exploring space
[答案] 1－4 ABBD
Ⅲ.读后续写/概要写作微技能
概要写作微技能(一)——归纳主旨大意(含段落大意)
1．概要写作的第一步便是阅读短文并抓取主题，进而提取主旨大意，即提取有关该主题的主要内容或作者在该主题上的观点或主张。归纳主旨大意，是为了整体上把握语篇要义，有利于区分主次、剔除细节信息。
2．确定段落主旨句时，要兼顾语篇大背景，即在全文主旨大意的统领下归纳段落主旨，将段落主旨纳入语篇主旨的架构中。不是所有的段落都有现成的段落主旨句，有的段落主旨句需要考生根据段落内容予以归纳和概括。
阅读语篇时，根据不同的文体可采取以下方法归纳主旨大意：
记叙文
圈出记叙文的六要素(who，when，where，what，how，why)；如果是夹叙夹议文，还要写出故事给读者带来的启示或寓意。
说明文
找出文章要说明的对象、观点或建议。
议论文
提取议论文的三要素(论点、论据、结论)。
Section Ⅱ Listening and Speaking &Reading and Thinking——Language Points
1．mental adj.精神的；思想的→mentally adv.精神地；思想地
2．intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．智力；智慧；才智
3．universe n．宇宙；天地万物→universal adj.普遍的；全体的；全世界的→universally adv.全体地，一致地
4．determine vt.查明；确定；决定→determined adj.意志坚定的；有决心的→determination n．决心；果断
5．agency→n.(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处→agent n．代理人；经纪人
6．transmit vt.&vi.传输；发送→transmission n．传送；传递；发送；发射→transmitter n．发射机；发射台；传播者，传输者
7．disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望；使沮丧→disappointment n．失望；沮丧
8．desire n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望→desirable adj.合意的；可取的；值得拥有的
9．independent adj.独立的；自立的→independently adv.独立地；自立地
1．launch vt.&n.发射；发起；上市
①The enemy launched an attack again.发起
②The new model will be launched in July.上市
③China will launch another satellite into space.发射
④The official launch date is in May.上市，发行
2．orbit n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围
vt.&vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
①A new satellite has been put into orbit around the earth.轨道
②You should come within his orbit.势力范围
③The earth take a year to orbit the sun.环绕……运行
3．signal vt.&vi标志者；标明；发信号n.信号；标志
①At an agreed signal they left the room.信号
②Don't fire until I signal.发信号
③The announcement signalled a clear change of policy.标明
Words And Phrases
知识要点1 determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的
(教材P40)However，some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.
然而，一些科学家决意要帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。
[例1] She was determined to lose weight successfully this time.
这一次，她下定决心一定要减肥成功。
[例2] His father made a determined effort to quit smoking.
他爸爸戒烟是意志坚定的。
[造句] (2015·福建卷)决心努力学习后，他在墙上挖了洞从邻居家“偷”光以便晚上读书。
Determined to study hard，he bored a hole in the wall to “steal” light from his neighbor to read at night.
[知识拓展]
(1)determine＋从句 决定……
determine to do sth. 决定做某事(强调动作)
determine on/upon(doing) sth. 就(做)某事做出决定
(2)determined adj. 有决心的；坚决的
be determined to do sth. 决心做某事(强调状态)
(3)determination n. 决心
[提示] be determined(not) to do sth.表示状态，是一种延续状态，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用，而determine to do sth.表示动作，不能与表时间段的状语连用。
类似用法的单词还有，
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She determined to work(work) twice as hard as before to make up for the lost time.
②I have determined on/upon working as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation.
③With determination(determine)，I'm sure I can overcome whatever hardships and dangers I may meet with.
④The determined(determine) look in their eyes told us that nothing could make them change their minds.
[小片段助记]
He has been determined to learn English well.So he determined on/upon reading English every morning with this great determination.I'm sure he will succeed in learning it well one day.
知识要点2 transmit vt.&vi.传输；发送
(教材P40)...and it still transmits data today
……时至今日它仍然能传送数据。
[例1] The ceremony was transmitted live by satellite to over 50 countries.
典礼通过卫星向50多个国家进行了实况转播。
[例2] We can receive the signals transmitted from a satellite in space.
我们可以接收通过太空的卫星传送的信号。
[造句] 为什么我们要把数据传到学校的电脑中？
Why do we have to transmit the data to the computer of our school?
[知识拓展]
(1)transmit sth.(from)...to 把某物(从……)传到……
(2)transmitter n. 发射台；传播者
(3)transmission n. 传播；发射
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The message was transmitted from a radio station to audience.
②It's generally believed that school are transmitters(transmitter) or moral values.
③The transmission(transmit) of the disease has been controlled now.
知识要点3 disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的
(教材P41)These disasters make everyone sad and disappointed...
这些灾难让每个人感到伤心和失望……
[例1] She was deeply disappointed at losing the race.
比赛输了，她很沮丧。
[例2] These jobs didn't pay well，and the people felt lonely and disappointed at their new life in the city.
这些工作报酬不高，而且人们感到孤独，对城市的新生活感到失望。
[造句] 这部影片被吹捧为杰作，可是我觉得令人失望。
The film was built up to be a masterpiece，but I found it very disappointing.
[知识拓展]
(1)be disappointed about/at/in... 对……感到失望
be disappointed to do sth. 做某事失望
be disappointed that... 感到失望……
(2)disappointing adj. 令人失望的
disappoint sb. 使某人失望
to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The next day，we got a disappointing(disappoint) message that another buyer had offered a much higher price.
②There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed(disappoint)．
③To my great disappointment(disappoint)，the council refused to consider my proposal.
[小片段助记]
Much to my disappointment，he was also disappointed at the disappointing news that he was refused by the company.
知识要点4 desire n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望
(教材P41)...but the desire to explore the universe never died.
……但是(人们)探索宇宙的渴望从未泯灭。
[例1] Even so，she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed.
即使如此，她的勇气和对成功的强烈渴望令世人印象深刻。
[例2] I desire that these letters should be burned after I leave.
我期望我走了以后把这些信件都烧掉。
[造句] 他总是强烈渴望着学习飞行。
He always had a strong desire to learn how to fly.
[知识拓展]
(1)have a strong desire
(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb.to do sth. 想要某人做某事
desire that...(should) do sth. 渴望……
(3)desirable adj. 想要的；可取的；值得拥有的
[提示] desire不用于进行时态。意为“期望”时，后接宾语从句，宾语从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。另外，含desire的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We always desire to live(live) in peace with all the other countries in the world.
②She has a strong desire for knowledge and wants to go to college very much.
③He had a strong desire to free(free) her family from trouble.
④She had a strong desire for fame.
[小片段助记]
He has a strong desire to get his desirable things，he also desired that his son be admitted by a key university，so he desired his son to work hard at school.
知识要点5 carry on继续做，坚持干
(教材P41)This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
这是因为人们仍然坚信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。
[例1] Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work?
为什么不像林巧稚那样去读医学院，继续她的伟大事业呢？
[例2] Don't stop.Please carry on.别停。请继续。
[例3] She threw the ball back to the boy and then carried on reading her book.
她把球扔回给男孩，然后继续看她的书。
[例4] Can you carry on with your work while I am away？我不在的时候你能继续干你的活吗？
[造句] ①他离开后，我只管尽力像往常一样继续干。
After he left I just tried to carry on as usual.
②尽管条件极其困难，我们仍必须坚持下去，直到成功。
We must carry on till success in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
[知识拓展]
carry on with... 继续……
carry on a conversation 继续对话
carry out 完成；实行；执行
carry out the plan 实施计划
carry out an experiment 做试验
carry through 帮……渡过(难关等)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①If you carry on working(work) like that，you will break down sooner or later.
②I hate it when she calls me at work—I'm always too busy to carry on a conversation with her.
③They carry on with their experiment despite strong opposition.
[小片段助记]
You should carry out the order and carry on with the task until it is carried through.
知识要点6 on board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
(教材P41)It orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on board...
它绕地球运行，上面搭乘着不同国家的宇航员……
[例1] Have all the passengers gone on board yet?
所有乘客都登机了吗？
[例2] They have gone on board.
他们已经上船了。
[造句] 飞机上所有的参观者都被要求出示护照。
All the visitors on board were asked to show their passports.
[知识拓展]
(1)board vt.&vi. 上船/车/飞机等
(2)aboard adv.&prep. 上船/飞机/车；在船/飞机/车上
go aboard the ship/the plane/the train
＝board the ship/the plane/the train
上船/飞机/火车等
(3)abroad adj. 国外的
go abroad 出国
home and abroad 国内外
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①That afternoon aboard the train，the cousins settled down in their seats.
②Please board the train immediately.
＝Please go aboard the train right away.
③Please pay attention to the news from home and abroad．
知识要点7 independently adv.独立地；自立地
(教材P41)China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003...
在2003年，中国成为世界上第三个独立把人类送入太空的国家……
[例1] The two departments work independently of each other.
这两个部门独立运作。
[例2] It was the first time that he had lived independently.
那是她第一次独立生活。
[造句] 警方应该不受政府的直接控制。
The police force should be independent of direct government control.
[知识拓展]
(1)be independent of 独立于；不受……约束
(2)independence n. 独立；自主
gain independence(from) (脱离……)获得独立
(3)dependent adj. 依靠的，依赖的
be dependent on 依靠，依赖
depend on(＝rely on) 依靠，依赖
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The country gained full independence from Britain in 1960，when people couldn't hide their excitement.
②As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent(depend)．
③When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
知识要点8 signal vt.&vi.标志着；标明；发信号n.信号；标志
(教材P41)This signalled one step further in China's plan to establish a space station in the future.
这标志着中国未来建立空间站的计划又前进了一步。
[例1] As soon as it was dark，Mrs Evans gave the signal.天一黑，埃文斯夫人就发出了信号。
[例2] You mustn't fire without my signal.
没有我的信号不许开枪。
[造句] 为了不让别人听到自己的声音，她竖起手指示意有人正在楼上走动。
In order not to be heard，she pointed her finger upwards to signal that someone was moving about upstairs.
[知识拓展]
(1)signal to sb.to do sth. 示意某人做某事
signal (to sb.) that... 示意(某人)……
(2)a traffic signal 交通信号
send out a signal 发出信号
[明辨异同]
signal/symbol/sign/mark
signal
指为某一目的而有意发出的信号
symbol
指象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物
sign
普通用词，指人们公认的事物的标志，也可指某种情况的征兆
mark
普通用词，含义广泛。既可指为便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①As soon as he sat down at the table, he signalled to the waiter to bring the menu.
②The policeman signalled the driver to stop(stop) his car by raising his hand.
③He stood up，signalling(signal) to the police officer that he had finished talking with his client.
[小片段助记]
Something was wrong with the traffic signal in the street，so the policeman signalled to the pedestrians to come cross the street.He stood there with his right hand raised，signalling to us to stop.
Sentence Patterns
重点句式1 不定式作后置定语
(教材P40)...on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
……在1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。
句式分析：to go into space 是不定式作后置定语，修饰the first person。
[例1] She was the first athlete to win the gold medal in the 29th Olympic Games.
她是在第29届奥运会上第一位获得金牌的运动员。
[例2] The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia，closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.
第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。
[知识拓展]
(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级、the next，the only，the last等修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。
(2)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability，chance，ambition，offer，anxiety，answer，reply，attempt，belief等。
[造句] ①他是一个总是吃苦在前、享乐在后的人。
He is always the first to bear hardships and the last to enjoy comforts.
②远处的村子里没有信号，所有联系你的尝试也失败了。
There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts to contract you failed.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He is always the first to come(come) and the last to leave(leave)．
②She was the first woman to win(win) the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
③Thank you for giving me the chance to make(make) the speech.
重点句式2 This is because...句型
(教材P41)This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。
句式分析：此句为主从复合句，because引导表语从句，句式结构为This/That was/is because...
[例1] This is because in the early days of radio，those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.
这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。
[例2] He was late for school.This was because his bike was broken.
他上学迟到是因为自行车坏了。
[造句] 他没有赶上早班车，那是因为他今天早上起晚了。
He missed the first bus and that was because he got up late this morning.
[知识拓展]
(1)This/That is because...意为“这/那是因为……”，用来表示原因
(2)This/That is why...意为“这/那是为什么……”，用来表示结果
(3)The reason why...is that....意为“……的原因就是……”，why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句
[即学即练]
(1)单句语法填空
①He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.
②The reason why we have to study computer is that it becomes more and more useful in our daily life.
③He and I have worked together for a couple of years；that's why I know him pretty well.
(2)完成句子
①他失望的原因是他考试失败。
The reason why he was disappointed was that he failed in the exam.
②他起晚了，这就是他为什么没赶上第一班车的原因。
He got up late，and this is why he missed the first bus this morning.
重点句式3 not only...but also句型
(教材P41)Despite the difficulties，scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began，but also help us survive well into the future.
尽管困难重重，科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能够使我们了解宇宙的起源，而且帮助我们更好地进入未来。
句式分析：not only...but also...用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其意为“不仅……而且……”；其中的also有时可以省略。
[例1] He works not only on weekdays but also on weekends as well.
他不仅平时工作，周末也工作。
[例2] Franklin was considered not only an inventor，but also a statesman.
富兰克林不仅被看作发明家而且也是一名政治家。
[造句] 太阳不仅给我们光还给我们热。
Not only does the sun give us light but it also gives us heat.
[知识拓展]
not only...but also...结构表示“不但/仅……而且……”，通常可以连接两个并列的谓语、宾语、表语、状语等，还可以连接两个并列的句子
(1)not only A but also B＝B as well as A
(2)not only...but also...连接两个分句时，若not only位于句首，not only所在的分句要部分倒装，but also后面的分句不倒装
(3)not only...but also...连接并列主语时，遵守“就近原则”
(4)not only只能连用，而but also既可连用，也可分开用，also也可省略
[即学即练]
(1)单句语法填空
①To achieve“Chinese dream” will benefit not only Chinese people but also people across the world.
②Not only did we forget to turn off the light in the kitchen，but we also failed to lock the front door.
③Not only the children but also their coach likes(like) playing football.
(2)完成句子
①古典名著不仅带给你快乐和刺激，还鼓励你批判性地思考。
Classic works not only offer you joy and excitement，but also encourage you to think critically.
②观测未来主题公园不仅仅适合个人(旅游)，也适合学生全班出游，因为它是娱乐与学习的完美结合。
Futuroscope is not only for individuals，but is also the perfect mix of fun and learning for class outings.
1．After many experiments，they succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earth's gravity.
[分析] 本句为复合句，after引导的短语作时间状语，that引导的定语从句修饰先行词rockets。
[译文] 经过多次实验之后，他们成功地造出了能够逃脱地球引力的火箭。
2．China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003，when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.
[分析] 本句为复合句，when引导一个非限制性定语从句，对2003年进行补充说明，to independently send humans into space是不定式作后置定语修饰country。
[译文] 在2003年，中国成为世界上第三个独立把人类送入太空的国家，当时杨利伟乘着神舟五号宇宙飞船成功地进行了绕地飞行。
3．Despite the difficulties，scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began，but also help us survive well into the future.
[分析] 本句为复合句。hope后跟一个宾语从句，从句中两个动词enable和help由not only...but also连接起来；另外how又引导一个宾语从句作understand的宾语。
[译文] 尽管困难重重，科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能够使我们了解宇宙的起源，而且还帮助我们更好地走向未来。
教材
高考
1....and it still transmits data today.
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)As data and identity theft becomes more and more common...
2.Despite the difficulties，scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began，but also help us survive well into the future.
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes，but it is also responsible for those outcomes，too.
3.Listen to two interviews with astronauts and learn to talk about astronauts' life in space.
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts.
4.Space：The Final Frontier
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Space：the Final Homework Frontier
5.It orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on board...
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question...
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．They are talking about astronauts'(astronaut) life in space.
2．He desired all the students (should)wear(wear) the school uniform to attend the party.
3．Much to her disappointment(disappoint)，he was refused by the company.
4．The transmission(transmit) of the satellite cost the countries a lot of money.
5．With great determination(determine)，he overcame all the difficulty he met in climbing the high mountain.
6．After having a short rest，he carried on with his work.
7．He desired to live independently(independent) after graduating from college.
8．The teacher signalled(signal) to the boy to stop in front of classmates.
9．He was the first person to arrive(arrive) at the airport yesterday afternoon.
10．He didn't come to school this morning and that is because he was ill.
Ⅱ.语境填空
carry on；on board；in the hope of；so as to；find out；focus on；be determined to do；for example；believe in；lead to
1．As we all know，careless driving will lead to accident.
2．Now mankind are focusing on sending people into Mars.
3．He has been determined to give up smoking，so he threw away his remaining cigarettes.
4．It is unbelievable that so many people believe in good in such a little country.
5．He carried on until success despite the difficulties.
6．They did the research in the hope of finding the real murderer of the accident.
7．People will always continue to explore space so as to learn its secrets.
8．To find out the secrets of the universe，we constantly send brave people into space.
9．The passengers on board are asked not to use their phones when the plane takes off.
10．For example，some students should study in group，while some should study alone.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Mankind is exploring space in the hope of 1.finding(find) out more secrets of the universe.Exploring space is both dangerous 2.and challenging，but the desire 3.to explore(explore) the universe never died.
On 4 October 1957，the Sputnik 1 satellite 4.was launched(launch) by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth.Afterwards，Yuri Gagarin became the first person 5.to go(go) into space in the world.On 20 July，1969，American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon，6.famously(famous) saying，“That's one small step for a man，one giant leap for mankind.”
China has made great progress in exploring space in 2003，and has successfully sent Yang Liwei into space and orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft，7.becoming(become) the third country in the world to 8.independently(independent) send humans into space.
People will continue to explore this final frontier，and this is 9.because they believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration 10.despite the huge risk.
Section Ⅲ Grammar——不定式作定语和状语
不定式作定语和状语
不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成，有时to可以省略，其否定形式是“not to do”。不定式没有人称和数的变化，但有时态、语态的变化。不定式不能作谓语，但可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语、定语和补语。本单元主要讲述不定式作定语和状语的用法。
[观察例句]
1．I trained for a long time to fly airplane as a fighter pilot.
2．As we all know，an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.
3．First of all，you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.
4．Some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.
5．On 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
[归纳用法]
1．动词不定式的形式
形式
主动
被动
一般式
to do
to be done
进行式
to be doing
完成式
to have done
to have been done
完成进行式
to have been doing
2.句式功能
(1)动词不定式作定语：当不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，要用主动表被动。
[提示] (1)不定式作定语需要后置。
(2)作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词或代词存在着三种主要的逻辑关系，即被修饰的名词和代词是不定式的逻辑主语(逻辑上的主谓关系)或逻辑宾语(逻辑上的动宾关系)或修饰性关系(同位关系)。
①动宾关系：
I have a lot of work to do(要做)．
Give me a piece of paper to write on(写)．
②主谓关系：
Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboat(登上救生艇)．
③修饰性关系：不定式前的名词是它修饰的对象，它所修饰的词多为抽象名词。
need, time, way, right, chance, courage, reason, wish, movement...
There is no need for him to come.
He has no time to read the book.
[提示] 为动宾关系的不定式，必须是及物动词或不及物动词加介词；如果不定式所修饰的词是way或place，介词可省略。
It is a comfortable sofa to sit on.
He has no way to go.
This is the best place to work
(2)不定式作状语：不定式作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示目的、原因、结果、条件等，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
①To learn a foreign language well，you must try your best.
[提示] 不定式的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。
②He searched the whole room only to find nothing.
他搜遍了整个房间结果什么也没找到。
[提示] 不定式作状语与only连用放句尾常表出乎意料的结果。
③I'm glad to see you.见到你我很高兴。
[提示] 在表示“高兴、愉快、生气、遗憾”等表感情的形容词后，常用不定式作原因状语。
[即学即练] 完成句子
1．Jessie有了一个可以玩的新玩具。
Jessie got a new toy to play with．
2．她没有可以依赖的朋友。
She has no friend to depend on．
3．为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。
To pass the college entrance examination，we must work hard.
4．公共汽车停下来以便接载乘客。
The bus stopped in order to/so as to pick up passengers．
5．令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。
We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.
6．我匆忙赶到机场，结果发现John已经走了。
I rushed to the airport，only to find that John had gone.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He liked nothing but to watch(watch) TV.
2．To find(find) out more about the computer course，visit this website.
3. He is always the first to come (come) to school.
4．To tell(tell) the truth, I am not happy at the moment.
5．The meeting to be held(hold) tomorrow is important.
6．We didn't expect there to be(be) so many people.
7．I tried to persuade him to agree(agree) to your proposal.
8．They don't allow these books to be taken (take)out of the reading room.
9．They did all they could to save(save) the child.
10．I am glad to be working(work) with you now.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
Recently in the US，more students prefer 1.________(leave) the campus and study in a foreign country for half 2.________ one year.
Some people may be 3.________(frighten)：communicating in a foreign language，leaving friends and adjusting to a new environment are very difficult for students 4.________(study) abroad.However，the experience students have abroad is often impossible to gain at their home universities.
“Globally，there is so much 5.________(do)．I'm hoping 6.________(go) somewhere and experience something I wouldn't get at home，”a student who intended 7.________(study) abroad said.
It was said that the increase had something to do with the universities' promise that they encourage students to study overseas.The universities have been 8.________(real) good about saying that students need 9.________(go) abroad.
For many American students，some of the most important lessons abroad are those 10.________(experience) outside the classroom. Students can have deep opinions.Even very small cultural difference can surprise the students.
[答案] 1.to leave 2.or 3.frightened 4.to study 5.to do 6.to go 7.to study 8.really 9.to go 10.experienced
Section Ⅳ Listening and Talking &Reading for Writing
阅读Reading 2 中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．Why are some people against space exploration according to the passage？Because they think ．
A．it cost too much time and money
B．it might feed the world's poor
C．it may result in pollution and fatal diseases
D．it fails to realise the importance of space exploration
2．Which of the following is NOT the benefit of exploring space?
A．Fighting against world hunger.
B．Helping farming to grow more food.
C．Changing the data on land and weather patterns.
D．Promoting technological improvements around the world.
3．What did the picture of Earth from space make people realise?
A．We are living on a island.
B．Our earth's resources are limited.
C．We can find ways in the black sea.
D．Mars is the best planet to live on.
[答案] 1－3 ACB
Words And Phrases
知识要点1 lack n．缺乏；短缺 vt.没有；缺乏
(教材P42)Astronauts' bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity，so they need to exercise every day，which will help them stay healthy.
在太空中由于缺乏引力，宇航员的骨骼和肌肉可能会变得很弱，因此他们需要每天进行锻炼，这有助于他们保持健康。
[例1] She showed a lack of humour.她缺乏幽默感。
[例2] The crops all died for lack of water.
庄稼因为缺水都死了。
[例3] He didn't go there because he lacked courage.
他没去那里，因为他缺乏勇气。
[造句] 他们缺乏身体锻炼，也没有面对面与朋友交际的能力。
They lack physical exercise and the skill to communicate with their friends face to face.
[知识拓展]
(1)lack sth. 缺少某物
(2)a lack of... ……的缺乏
for lack of... 因缺乏……
have no lack of... 不缺乏……
(3)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的
be lacking in 缺乏；缺少
[提示] lack作名词时常与介词of连用；作动词时可用作及物动词直接加宾语(不用被动语态)，也可用作不及物动词；形容词lacking常与in连用。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space.
②Though lacking(lack) money，he sent his son to college.
知识要点2 argue vi.&vt.论证；争辩；争论
(教材P44)Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.
有些人主张我们应该停止浪费时间和钱财来探索太空。
[例1] She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.
她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。
[例2] He argued with Mary about the best place for a holiday.
他和玛丽为最好的度假地点而争吵。
[例3] The workers argued for their right to strike.
工人们为他们罢工的权力而辩护。
[造句] 我主张我们人人都应该尽力帮助需要帮助的人。
I argue that every one of us (should) try our best to help those in need.
[知识拓展]
(1)argue for... 为……而争论；为……而辩护
argue against 争辩(反对……)
argue that...(should) do sth. 主张……
argue with sb.on/about/over sth. 与某人争辩某事
argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
(2)argument n. 争论；争辩；论点
[拓展延伸]
表示“说服……做……”的其他表达：
①persuade sb.to do sth.
②persuade sb.into doing sth.
③convince sb.to do sth.
④talk sb.into doing sth.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①How I regretted arguing with her about the important question, which made us all unhappy.
②We tried many ways to argue him into following our advice, but in vain.
③It is beyond argument(argue) that Diaoyu Islands belong to China.
知识要点3 result in导致；造成
(教材P44)It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth.
它已经直接制造了很多现在绕地球运行的卫星。
[例1] They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.
他们还赞同正是由于越来越多燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。
[例2] It had rained heavily for weeks，which resulted in severe flood in this area.
大雨已下了几周，造成了这个地区的严重水灾。
[造句] 她努力的结果是成功了，而她弟弟的失败源自他的懒惰。
Her efforts resulted in her success while her brother's failure resulted from his laziness.
[知识拓展]
(1)result in为及物动词短语，表示“导致”的意思，其同义词有cause(引起)，bring about(引起；导致；致使)；lead to(导致)；contribute to(有助于；向……投稿)等。
(2)result from 由……产生
as a result of 由于……的原因
as a result 结果
without result 毫无结果
[即学即练]
(1)单句语法填空
①As we all know，his hard work resulted in his success.
②As we all know，his success resulted from his hard work.
(2)完成句子
①由于辛勤的工作，她成功了。
She succeeded as a result of her hard work.
②他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。
He made a big mistake，and as a result，he lost his job.
知识要点4 run out用完；耗尽
(教材P45)It is necessary to find a new home for people in space，as the resources on Earth will run out.
在太空中找到新家园对人类来说是很有必要的，因为地球的资源会耗尽。
[例1] Food supplies had run out towards the end of the trip.
在旅行快结束时，食物已经吃完了。
[例2] Our time is running out.
我们的时间快没了。
[造句] 汽油用光了，汽车动不了了。
The petrol has run out；the car can't move.
[知识拓展]
(1)run out of 用完；用光；用尽
give out 耗尽；筋疲力尽
use up 用完；耗尽
(2)run for 竞选；匆匆去取
run across 偶然遇到
run into 撞上；遇到；邂逅
run through 浏览；跑着穿过
[明辨异同]
run out of/run out/give out/use up
run out of
是及物动词短语，通常以人作主语，相当于use up，表示“用完；用尽”
run out
是不及物动词短语，通常以物作主语，相当于give out
give out
可表示物“用完”或人“筋疲力尽”；还表示“发出；分发；宣布”等
use up
是及物动词短语，表示“用完；用尽”，相当于run out of
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running out．We must act immediately before there's none left.
②The taxi ran into the bike and the man on the bike was thrown off.
③She ran across an old friend of hers on the way to the station.
[小片段助记]
Worse luck！First, food and drinking water had been used up before we reached the destination.Then, my husband was speeding up the car when it suddenly broke down. It turned out that the gas had run out.So we had to walk ahead along the road until my strength give out.We finally made our way to a small hotel but to our despair, we found we had used up/run out of our money.
知识要点5 attach vt.系；绑；贴
(教材P46)While sleeping，they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around.
在睡觉的时候，他们必须把自己系在某个东西上以防止到处飘浮。
[例1] Please attach labels to the luggage.
请把行李贴上标签。
[例2] That middle school is attached to a university.
这所中学附属于一所大学。
[例3] In the new century，we still should attach importance to the development of economy.
在新世纪，我们仍然要重视经济发展。
[造句] 很多青少年认为手机要比朋友重要得多。
Many teenagers attach much more importance to their phones than to their friends.
[知识拓展]
(1)attach...to... 把……固定/附在……上
attach great importance/significance to sth.
认为……非常/很有意义
(2)attached adj. 依恋；附属于
be attached to 附属于；依恋
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①My parents always attach importance to my getting a good education.
②This hospital attached(attach) to the medical college nearby was destroyed in the flood.
③This hospital is attached(attach) to the medical college nearby.
记叙文之时间顺序——情节线是关键
以时间为顺序的记叙文是高考试题中较为简单的一种文体。在该类文体中往往含有两条重要线索：一个是时间的先后关联；另一个是在时间变化中的情节变化。高考试题往往以这些情节变化作为命题点。因此，在解答此类文体时要注意时间线是理解文章的助手，而情节线是解题的关键。
[高考典例]2017·浙江卷·A篇(节选)
[时间线→读文助手] [情节线→解题关键]
开端：
时间1
↓
[1]Benjamin West，the father of American painting，showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age．But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one.In those days，a brush was made from camel's hair.There were no camels nearby.Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead.He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush．
情节1：初见端倪
本杰明在6岁时就展现出艺术天赋:用猫毛自制画笔作画。
承接：时间2
↓
[2]The brush did not last long.Soon Benjamin needed more fur.Before long，the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱)．His father said that the cat must be sick.Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.
情节2：新荷初见
本段承接上文，讲述了本杰明用猫毛制作画笔的事被父亲发现。
发展：时间3
↓
[3]The cat's lot was about to improve. That year，one of Benjamin's cousins，Mr.Pennington，came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin's drawings. When he went home，he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.He also sent six engravings(版画)by an artist.These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.
情节3——艺术启蒙
本杰明的天赋引起了堂兄Mr.Pennington的注意，并得到帮助。
(可解第22题)
发展：时间4
↓
[4]In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr.Pennington returned for another visit.He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.He asked Benjamin's parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.
情节4——技艺提高
本杰明9岁时被堂兄Mr.Pennington带到了费城。
高潮：地点转换
↓
结局
[5]In the city，Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.The boy began a landscape(风景)painting.William Williams，a well-known painter，came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home.The books were long and dull.Benjamin could read only a little，having been a poor student.But he later said，“Those two books were my companions by day，and under my pillow at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.
情节5——技惊名人
在费城，本杰明开始叩响艺术殿堂的大门，并立志成为艺术家。
(可解第23、24题)
[定区间·细比对]
22．What does the underlined sentence suggest?
A．The cat would be closely watched.
B．The cat would get some medical care.
C．Benjamin would leave his home shortly.
D．Benjamin would have real brushes soon.
23．What did Pennington do to help Benjamin ？
A．He took him to see painting exhibitions.
B．He provided him with painting materials.
C．He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.
D．He taught him how to make engravings.
24．Williams' helped Benjamin to ．
A．master the use of paints
B．appreciate landscape paintings
C．get to know other painters
D．make up his mind to be a painter
[答案] 22－24 DBD
22．由题眼第3段，由“情节1＋情节3”得出答案。
23．由题眼第5段，由“情节5”并结合此段首句得出答案。
24．由题眼第5段，由“情节5”并结合结局可推知答案。
Section Ⅴ Writing——如何写出对太空探索的看法
写出你对太空探索的看法
本单元的写作项目是议论文，议论文的写作就是对某一方面的问题，通过列举事实、讲道理的方法来表达自己的看法。一般来说，议论文由论点、论据、论证三部分组成，通常按提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的逻辑顺序来安排写作。
[基本框架]
1．开头(beginning)——交代或提出问题
2．主体(body)——介绍或从几个方面来分析问题
3．结尾(ending)——写出解决问题的方法或思路
[常用词汇]
1．argure with sb.about sth.与某人争论某事
2．with the development of science and technology
随着科技的进步
3．My reasons are as follows...我的理由如下
4．I don't agree with the idea that...我反对……
5．exploring space has promoted the development of...
宇宙探索促进了……的发生
6．space exploration benefits farming宇宙探索惠及农业
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．Different people have different ideas about space exploration.
对于探索宇宙不同的人有不同的观点。
2．I hold the view that mankind should explore space.
我认为人类应该探索宇宙。
3．Different people look at the question in different way.
不同的人对这个问题有不同的看法。
★正文佳句
1．60% of the people hold the view that exploring space will benefit us, on the other hand, 40% think it wastes lots of time and money.
百分之六十的人认为探索太空会对我们有益，然而另一方面，百分之四十的人认为它浪费了大量的时间和金钱。
2．I think there are many advantages in exploring space.First，it has made a difference in the fight against world hunger.Second, it made us realize that our earth's resources are limited.
我认为探索宇宙有很多优点，第一，它在抗击世界性饥饿的战斗中发挥了作用。第二，它让我们认识到地球的资源有限的。
3．On the other hand，the rest of the people are agaist the plan because it may result in some bad effect.
另一方面，其余的人反对这个计划，因为它可能会导致一些不好的影响。
★余味结尾
1．I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.
我坚信探索太空不仅能够使我们了解宇宙的起源而且能够帮助我们更好地走进未来。
2．I think we should spend more time and money to explore space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's short-term and long-term problems.
为了给人类的短期和长期问题提供更新和更好的解决方法，我认为我们应该花更多的时间和金钱来探索太空。
3．From my point of view，it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much，which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.
在我看来，年轻人过度依赖手机是不对的，因为它们可能会对他们的身心健康都有害。
最近你班同学就“人类是否应该进行宇宙探索”这个问题进行了激烈的讨论。有人认为，探索宇宙不仅让人类更好地了解宇宙的发展，还可以用来指导农业生产，以及把一些探索太空的高新技术用于现实生活；也有一些人认为探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力；影响了人们的生活水平。请你根据以下情况写一篇报告并发表自己的观点。
注意：1.写作内容应包括以上全部要点，可适当发挥，使上下文连贯；
2．词数80左右。
【参考范文】
Recently we have held a heated discussion about the problem whether mankind should explore space or not.Different people about it has different opinions.
Some people hold the view that space exploration will not only enable us to understand how the universe develop but also help farming to grow more food and apply the new technology to our life.While other people argue that we should stop exploring space because it costs too much time and money.
From my point of view，it is very necessary for human to explore space.Because it not only can provide the world with many different benefits，but also can solve people's short-term and long-term problems.
单元综合检测(四)
(时间：100分钟；满分：120分)
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
A
It's 2035. You have a job，a family and you're about 40 years old! Welcome to your future life.
Getting ready for work, you pause in front of the mirror. “Turn red，” you say. Your shirt changes from sky blue to deep red.Tiny preprogrammed electronics (智能电子元件) are rearranged in your shirt to change its color. Looking into the mirror, you find it hard to believe you're 40. You look much younger. With amazing advances in medicine, people in your generation may live to be 150 years old.You're not even middle-aged!
As you go into the kitchen and prepare to pour your breakfast cereal into a bowl, you hear, “To lose weight, you shouldn't eat that！”from your shoes. They read the tiny electronic code(电子源码)on the cereal box to find out the nutrition details. You decide to listen to your shoes. “Kitchen，what can I have for breakfast？”A list of possible foods appears on the counter as the kitchen checks its food supplies.
“Ready for your trip to space？” you ask your son and daughter. In 2015 only specially trained astronauts went into space—and very few of them. Today anyone can go to space for day trips or longer vacations. Your best friend even works in space.Handing your children three strawberries each, you add, “The doctor says you need these for space travel.” Thanks to medical advances, vaccination shots (防疫针) are a thing of the past. Ordinary foods contain special vaccines. With the strawberries in their mouths，the kids head for the front door.
It's time for you to go to work. Your car checks your fingerprints and unlocks the doors. “My office.Autopilot，”you command.Your car drives itself down the road and moves smoothly into traffic on the highway.You sit back and unroll your e-newspaper. The latest news downloads and fills the viewer. Looking through the pages, you watch the news as video film rather than read it.
1．What changes the color of your shirt?
A．The mirror.
B．The preprogrammed electronics.
C．The sunlight.
D．The medicine.
B [细节理解题。 由第二段第三、四句可知，你的衬衫里面安装了智能电子元件，它可以使你的衬衫改变颜色。]
2．How do the shoes know that you shouldn't eat the breakfast cereal?
A．By pouring the breakfast into a bowl.
B．By getting the doctor's advice.
C．By testing the food supplies in the kitchen.
D．By checking the nutrition details of the food.
D [细节理解题。由第三段第二句可知，你的鞋子会读出你要吃的食物中的营养成分，然后告诉你是否该吃。]
3．The strawberries the children eat serve as ________．
A．breakfast B．lunch
C．vaccines D．nutrition
C [推理判断题。由第四段的描述可知，孩子们不用再打防疫针了，孩子们嘴里吃的草莓实际上就是包含特殊疫苗的水果。]
4．How is the text organized?
A．In order of time.
B．In order of space.
C．In order of preference.
D．In order of importance.
A [推理判断题。 由第二段至最后一段的第一句可以看出，本文是按照时间顺序进行组织的。]
B
“Siri，what's the weather like in San Francisco？”
“Today's forecast for San Antonio is...”
“No. San FRAN-CIS-CO ！！ ”
“The tapper Sisqo was born in Baltimore, Maryland.”
Sometimes, talking to an artificially intelligent robot is，well，not so intelligent.
Yohav Shoham, the Stanford computer science professor, said, “AI has made truly amazing progress in the past decade, but computers still can't exhibit the common sense or the general intelligence of even a 5-year-old.” Yann LeCun, a French scientist, put it more simply. “We're very far from having machines that can learn the most basic things about the world in the way humans and animals can do. In particular areas machines have superhuman performance, but in terms of general intelligence they're not even close to a rat，” he explained.
Oren Etzioni, an Israeli scientist, said, “There's a brand of science fiction(小说) that's very dystopian (反面乌托邦的). These works of fiction talk about how the world is going to get much worse.I'm too much of an optimist (乐观者)to get a lot of pleasure out of reading such stories.”
However, robots are becoming smarter. Indeed, our homes are becoming more intelligent when we place devices (设备) like the Amazon Echo and Google Home on our kitchen counter.But，at least for the moment anyway，we shouldn't feel intimidated by this artificial intelligence.
There are robots that move like animals and robots that offer guidance.There's even a robot that can paint a picture of Einstein and a robot that can fold your laundry. Robots are not taking over the world yet. So for now, we can simply sit back and relax. And have a robot waiter pour us a drink.
【语篇解读】 本文语篇类型是说明文，主题语境是科学与技术。科学家表明目前机器人并没有人们所想象的那样聪明，它们的一般智力和常识还不及5岁的孩子。
5．What does the dialogue at the beginning of the text tell us?
A．Robots aren't as smart as we expect.
B．It isn't easy to forecast the weather correctly.
C．A speaker may be misunderstood by another.
D．Weather is a good subject to start a conversation.
A [推理判断题。根据“Sometimes，talking to an artificially intelligent robot is，well，not so intelligent”可推知，Siri是一个机器人的名字，而这场人机对话可谓是答非所问，由此可知，这场对话反映出目前机器人并不像人们想象的那样聪明。]
6．What do the scientists think about the artificially intelligent robots now?
A．They have superhuman performance in kitchen tasks.
B．They have the common sense of a 5-year-old.
C．They can only learn the basic things of humans.
D．They are still poor at general intelligence.
D [细节理解题。根据第二段中Yohav Shoham和Yann LeCun的观点可知，科学家认为机器人的一般智力还很差。]
7．How did Oren find the dystopian science fiction?
A．Pleasant. B．Typical.
C．Realistic. D．Controversial.
A [推理判断题。根据Oren说的话“I'm too much of an optimist(乐观者) to get a lot of pleasure out of reading such stories.”可知，他从这些科幻小说中获得了很多乐趣。]
8．What does the underlined word “intimidated” mean?
A．Comforted. B．Astonished.
C．Threatened D．Disappointed.
C [词义猜测题。虽然Oren说到一些科幻小说描述了未来世界将会变得很糟，但是目前机器人并没有那么智能，不会威胁到我们的生活。]
C
My husband and I recently went to Disney World with our children and grandchildren. Our grandchildren were excited about the attraction where they can drive the cars. Since our party was uneven in numbers and two people fit in each car, I sat out that one and headed down to take pictures of them.
As I waited for them to drive by, I noticed a car with a father and his son who looked to be about 7. They rolled down the hill, and then as they neared where I sat, the car shook a few times and then stopped.
The young driver looked frightened, “I can't do it.”
His father quietly said, “Yes, you can.”
“No, I can't！”
“Yes, you can.”
The little boy was almost in tears, “I CAN'T！”
With deep patience, the father said, “Son, you can do this. I'm going to help you.”
Then he talked him through starting the car. And moments later with the father helping his son, the two went smoothly on their way down the track.
The scene brought tears to my eyes because I couldn't imagine how many times my father had to do that with me.Every time things got hard or when I had failures along the way, I'd say, “I can't do it.” He'd reply, “You can.” Time and time again he patiently encouraged me on the journey. And just like that little boy's dad, my sweet father would say, “Michelle, you can do this. I'm going to help you.”
That's where the true strength comes in. I can't do things under my own power, but when my father comes beside me and provides wisdom (智慧) and strength, there's no way I can fail.
【语篇解读】 本文语篇类型是记叙文，主题语境是生活。一个小男孩在父亲的鼓励下最终取得成功的场景，让作者想起了自己的父亲。
9．Why didn't the author join others in driving the cars?
A．Her family could drive except her.
B．Her family fit in the cars without her.
C．She was attracted by something else.
D．She wanted to take photos of her family.
B [细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，作者一行人的总人数为奇数，而每辆车可坐两个人，所以最终会余一个人。正因为这个原因作者决定不参加了。]
10．What made the 7-year-old son frightened?
A．He got the car to leave the track.
B．He failed to drive the car well.
C．He rolled too fast down the way.
D．He just couldn't get the car started.
B [细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，小男孩驾驶的车摇晃了几次停了下来，即：他无法很好地驾驶车辆让他感到惊慌。]
11．How did the father help his son?
A．By forcing him to drive bravely.
B．By praising him for his efforts.
C．By encouraging him patiently.
D．By starting the car himself.
C [细节理解题。根据文中那位父亲对儿子说的话“Yes，you can.”以及由此引发的作者对自己父亲的回忆“Time and time again he patiently encouraged me on the journey.”可知，是这位父亲耐心的鼓励帮助儿子完成了这项活动。]
12．What's the author's tone in writing the text?
A．Confused. B．Humorous.
C．Concerned. D．Grateful.
D [推理判断题。通读全文可知，迪士尼乐园一对父子的经历让作者想起了父亲曾经对自己的鼓励和帮助。回忆之处字里行间充满了对父亲的感激之情。]
D
Every year you collect a large amount of junk. Think about Christmas presents, birthday presents and holiday souvenirs, and the list goes on. Where does it all end up? Well, if you don't throw it out, it goes to the basement (地下室)．
However, things with huge amounts of value might be buried in those unwanted gifts. Perhaps there's a beautiful crystal boat in a bottle that was made just long enough ago to be worth a large amount of money. Or, maybe it's an old board game that was never used and has now become a collectable.Yes, these items can be your ticket to a hidden treasure, and all you need to do is go hunting.
Once you find the items, you'll probably be wondering how to sell them. Most people choose the standard yard sale and this, of course, is a mistake. You won't find the collectors by this type of sale.Instead, you need to reach the widest audience possible.The answer? eBay.
With eBay, you can gain a large amount of attention, start an auction(拍卖) and get selling.Of course, before you can do this, you have to set yourself up as a trusted seller. You can do that quite simply by buying a few small, cheap items first. This will raise the rating(等级) of your little online shop. After that, you should have no trouble at all attracting buyers.
Of course, this can just be the beginning.Once you know how to sell things online, you can start making a lot more money by investing and reselling.It's a great choice for a second income.
【语篇解读】 本文语篇类型是说明文，主题语境是生活。你是否有很多不想要的礼物呢？拿到eBay网上销售吧，这可以为自己挣得一笔收入哦。
13．According to the text, the gifts we get every year ________．
A．are a waste of money
B．can be valuable sometimes
C．should go to yard sales
D．should be kept in a safe place
B [推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在你那些不想要的礼物中，很可能会有一些值钱的或是值得收藏的东西。]
14．Why does the author suggest selling your things on eBay?
A．It's designed for collectors.
B．It follows official standards.
C．It has a much larger audience.
D．It seldom makes any mistakes.
C [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Instead，you need to reach the widest audience possible.The answer？eBay.”可知，eBay网用户多，在这个网上卖东西更容易找到买主。]
15．What do you have to do before selling things on eBay?
A．Gain public attention.
B．Buy some expensive things.
C．Attend several local auctions.
D．Raise your shop's credit rating.
D [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Of course，before you can do this，you have to set yourself up as a trusted seller...This will raise the rating(等级) of your little online shop.”可知，要想在eBay网上开设网站销售自己的物品，首先要通过购买小件商品来提升自己的信誉度。]
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Ways to impress your teacher
Being successful in high school can be difficult and requires great effort. One of the most important ways to achieve success in your academic career is making sure your teacher has a good impression of you. 16
Ask questions in class. 17 The questions will vary widely depending on the class you're in. Consider your teacher's lecture or the material you were assigned, and then identify information that was not explained well.
18 Although doing your homework will not be marked, doing it well and handing it in on time will earn you the respect of your teacher, and will make you be prepared for class discussions. If you forget to do your homework，don't make up an excuse.Take responsibility and tell the truth.
Pay attention to details. If your teacher asks you to bring a specific book to class, bring it. Hand in your assignments on time, and be prepared for tests.Take a few minutes each evening to study what you've learned in class. 19
Offer to help your teacher in class. If your teacher is rearranging the desks or hanging posters up, ask him if he needs help. 20 Encourage your friends to help your teacher, too.
A．Be attentive in class.
B．Do your homework.
C．Learn to help each other at school.
D．Doing these shows that you are paying attention.
E．Your thoughtfulness and generosity will impress him.
F．Below are some of the best ways to impress your teacher.
G．Your teacher will be very impressed if you ask thoughtful questions.
【语篇解读】 本文语篇类型是说明文，主题语境是生活。在学校给老师好的印象非常重要，那么如何才能做到这一点呢？
16．F [根据空前内容提到给老师留下好的印象的重要性，空后列举了几种方法可知，该空为主旨句，引出下文，F项符合逻辑。]
17．G [本段主旨为在课上问问题，G项“你的老师会对你提出的深刻的问题留下印象”与该段主旨吻合。]
18．B [本段主要讲了要完成作业的好处，B项“做作业”与本段内容吻合，总领该段。]
19．D [根据空前提到要注意的细节以及注意细节的具体方法可知，如果你做了这些就会显示出你的关注力。]
20．E [本段提到要给老师提供帮助，因为你的体贴和慷慨会让他们印象深刻。]
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
During the winter of 1986 I was working at a construction site near Oakland, California.It is not 21 for construction workers' hands to become very painful. My hands were no 22 that year. They were bleeding at the joints of the fingers and thumbs.
23 work because of hurting hands is simply not a good choice in the construction industry. You grit your teeth (咬紧牙关), keep working, and finish the job.One morning I left for work at 5 a．m. and arrived at a 24 . As I got out of my truck, I saw a newspaper delivery car and the driver struggling with newspapers. I took a second look， 25 that the man had no forearms. I was 26 to see him doing a job that would require a(n) physically gifted person. Still, he was somewhat having 27 with the larger bundles (捆) because his arms weren't long enough.
On my way to pay for the gas, I stopped and asked him if I could 28 him.He politely 29 my offer. A few minutes later while I was refueling, he said，“Hey buddy, would you mind tying (系) my 30 for me？” As I was tying his shoes, he went on to explain that tying his shoes was the only thing he couldn't do for 31 ．
I stopped and looked back at him as he was getting into his car. I looked down at my 32 . Suddenly it hit me: I had been complaining about my hurting hands for weeks. That experience made a difference to my hurting hands. Every 33 when my hands start cracking and bleeding, I think back to that 34 in 1986. And just like magic, my hands don't 35 ．
【语篇解读】 本文语篇类型是夹叙夹议文，主题语境是生活。作者在建筑工地干活，到了冬天，手经常被冻得裂开口子流血，因此常常抱怨。可当他看到没有小臂的送报工人时，他的抱怨全无。
21．A.easy B．fair
C．unusual D．certain
C [因为是建筑工人，所以手疼对于建筑工人来说是常有的事。]
22．A.exception B．problem
C．wonder D．sense
A [根据空后的“They were... joints of the fingers and thumbs.”可知，此处是指“我”的手也不例外。]
23．A.Beginning B．Stopping
C．Getting D．Finishing
B [根据下文“You grit your teeth(咬紧牙关)．..finish the job.”可知，在建筑行业因为手疼而停止工作不是一种选择。]
24．A.factory B．company
C．gas station D．police station
C [根据第三段开头的pay for the gas可知，此处是指到加油站加油。]
25．A.suggesting B．ignoring
C．thinking D．noticing
D [根据空前的took a second look可知，此处是指“我”又看了一眼，注意到他没有小臂。]
26．A.nervous B．afraid
C．happy D．amazed
D [根据上下文内容可知，没有小臂却做如此需要体力的工作，“我”对此感到吃惊。]
27．A.difficulty B．fun
C．words D．relations
A [根据空后his arms weren't long enough可知，此处是指困难。]
28．A.disturb B．approach
C．help D．teach
C [根据第29空后的offer可知，此处是指“我”询问是否需要帮忙。]
29．A.examined B．accepted
C．considered D．refused
D [根据空后的A few minutes later可知，他刚开始拒绝了“我”的请求。]
30．A.shoes B．scarf
C．feet D．tie
A [空后的I was tying his shoes有提示。]
31．A.others B．himself
C．work D．me
B [此处是指他在解释系鞋带是他唯一一件他不能为自己做的事。]
32. A．legs B．arms
C．shoes D．hands
D [根据空后的感悟可知，此处是指“我”低头看了下“我”的手。]
33. A．week B．night
C．month D．winter
D [根据上文内容可知，此处是指每到冬天手开始疼时，“我”就会想到那次偶遇。]
34. A．encounter B．incident
C．trip D．party
A [参考上题解析。]
35. A．bleed B．change
C．hurt D．talk
C [根据空前的magic可知，此处是指手不疼了。]
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Louvre is the world's largest museum and houses one of the most 36.________(impress) art collections in history.37.________(sit) along the banks of the Seine River in Paris，it is one of the city's 38.________(big) tourist attractions.
The Louvre was 39.________(original) built as a fortress(堡垒) in 1190, but was reconstructed in the 16th century to serve as a royal palace.In 1793, the Louvre became 40.________ art museum, exhibiting the royal collections and artifacts(艺术品)．
The Louvre has more than 35，000 works 41.________(display) in it, of which the one that appeals 42.______ people most is without question Leonardo da Vinci's masterpiece—Mona Lisa. This painting is covered with special glass and protected by guards.
There are three entrances to the Louvre, but the most famous is the Pyramid, 43.________ is a large glass building designed by Chinese-American architect I．M. Pei.The Louvre Pyramid 44.________(complete) in 1989 and is now a landmark of Paris.
The museum reported about 8.8 million 45.______(visitor) in 2017—so prepare for large crowds, especially around the most popular works, if you plan to visit it.
【语篇解读】 本文语篇类型是说明文，主题语境是文化。本文介绍了卢浮宫的基本情况。
36．impressive [空白处所填词在句中修饰art collections，故用impress的形容词形式。]
37．Sitting [Sitting along the banks of the Seine River in Paris是现在分词短语作状语(sit与逻辑主语之间是主动关系)。]
38．biggest [这里意思是“卢浮宫是巴黎最大的旅游景点之一”，故用big的最高级。]
39．originally [空白处所填词在句中修饰built，故用original的副词形式。]
40．an [这里意思是“卢浮宫成为一个博物馆”，故用不定冠词；又因art是以元音音素开头的单词，故填an。]
41．displayed [displayed in it是过去分词短语作后置定语(display与逻辑主语之间是被动关系)。]
42．to [appeal to sb.意为“对某人有吸引力”。]
43．which [空白处所填词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Pyramid，并在从句中作主语。]
44．was completed [主语是谓语动词complete的承受者，需用被动语态；这里说的是过去发生的事，用一般过去时。]
45．visitors [由空前的8.8 million可知，此处用visitor的复数形式。]
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
穷游目前是一种很时尚的旅游方式。它让很多经济不宽裕的人也能享受旅游的乐趣，因此它受到越来越多人的喜爱。请根据下列表格中的提示，就“穷游”这一现象用英语写一篇短文。
1.描述这一社会现象
2.分析穷游的优缺点
自由安排旅程，节省开支……
食宿条件艰苦，不安全……
3.阐述你的看法
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：穷游travel on a budget；穷旅者budget travellers
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【参考范文】
Travelling on a budget is a fashionable form of travel nowadays. It enables more poor travel lovers to enjoy travelling.
Compared with traditional travel，travelling on a budget is more convenient and cheaper. That means travellers can arrange the schedule freely and enjoy the journey at a lower cost. Inviting as it seems to be, accommodation conditions are often far from satisfactory. What's worse, people worry about budget travellers' safety. But I still like it very much. It can provide travellers with chances to develop their problem-solving ability in unexpected situations.
Please remember that safety is the first concern when you go out for travel!
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
I talk a lot to myself.It helps me to keep my concentration on the activity in hand, makes me focus more on my studies, and gives me some pretty brilliant ideas while talking to myself; more importantly，I produce better works. Do you talk to yourself? Don't get embarrassed at admitting it because science has discovered that those who talk to themselves are actually geniuses but not crazies!
Psychologist Gary Lupyan conducted an experiment in a supermarket where 20 volunteers were shown objects, and were asked to remember them. Half of them were told to repeat the objects, for example, bananas, and the other half remained silent. In the end, the result showed that self-directed speech aided people to find the objects faster, compared with the silent ones.
“I often talk to myself when searching for something in the refrigerator or on the supermarket shelves，” said Gary Lupyan. This personal experience actually made him conduct this experiment. Lupyan, together with another psychologist，Daniel Swigley, came up with the outcome that those who talk to themselves are geniuses. Here are the reasons：
When you are talking to yourself your sensory mechanism gets activated. It gets easier on your memory since you can visualise (使……具体化) the word, and you can act accordingly.
Every one of us tends to have various types of thoughts.Most make sense, while the others don't. Suppose you are furious at someone and you feel like killing that person. Now for this issue you won't run to a doctor, will you? No, what you do is lock yourself in a room and mutter to yourself. You are letting go off the anger by talking to yourself about the pros and cons of killing that person, and eventually you calm down.This is a silly thought that you have and are unable to share it with any other person. Psychologist Linda Sapadin said, “It helps you clarify your thoughts, tend to what's important and firm up any decision you are thinking about.”
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【参考范文】
Talking a lot to oneself helps one focus on what he is doing and people who have this habit are actually geniuses. (要点1) Psychologist Gary Lupyan conducted an experiment about it and he and psychologist Daniel Swigley concluded it's true. (要点2) The experiment showed that talking to yourself does good to people.On the one hand, it stimulates your memory; on the other hand, it helps you clarify your thoughts. (要点3)
课时分层作业(十)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示写出下列单词
1．As the saying goes“Mystery creates wonder and wonder is basis of man's desire(渴望) to understand it.”
2．He put down the election procedure(程序) for astronauts on the blackboard.
3．It is known that Yang Liwei is a famous astronaut(宇航员) in China.
4．They had to do a lot of mental and physical training before being sent into space.
5．He must be intelligent enough to be admitted into the key university.
6．Now the country has succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earth's gravity．
7．Unfortunately astronauts on America's Challenger died during the launch(发射)．
8．He was very disappointed at the news that his parents can't see him off at the airport.
9．He reads English words every morning since he has been determined to learn English well.
10．He has lived and learned independently(独立地) at abroad since he was 16 years old.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
With today's pressures, play is one of the most ignored privileges (特权) of a child, and for this reason, there is a special day devoted to play—World Play Day. It is celebrated on 28 May each year in over 40 countries around the world.
Nationally, World Play Day has been celebrated at various Toy Libraries，ECD Centers and Government Departments for the past five years. Each year has seen a new theme and a new focus, although the aim is always the same—for children to let go of the stresses of daily life and play.
The theme of the inaugural World Play Day in 2014 was “we create time to play”. In 2015 it was “play is fun”； 2016 focused on “play for all ages”； 2017 saw the theme “sustainable (可持续的) play” take to the stage; at the theme of 2018 is “free play”．
Vanessa Mentor, the Early Childhood Development expert at Afrika Tikkun, says, “Play is of the greatest importance for the developing child.It is through play at an early age that children learn to connect with the world around them and interact with the people in their lives. Play allows them to explore the world，develop new abilities, overcome fears and increase their confidence.It allows children to use their imagination and creativity. Physical play also leads to active lifestyles and healthy bodies.This year's ‘free play’ is held in a perfect time when children feel themselves most free.Play time is their time.”
So, whether you have children, play with them, by considering yourself as“a big kid”. Anyone can celebrate World Play Day on 28 May.
【语篇解读】 本文语篇类型是说明文，主题语境是节日。目前，世界上有四十多个国家在五月二十八日这一天庆祝世界玩耍日。
1．Which of the following is the reason why World Play Day is created?
A．There is little attention paid to play.
B．Play is important to children's development.
C．Children connect with the world through play.
D．Modern children badly need a day of their own.
A [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“With today's pressures，play is one of the most ignored privileges(特权) of a child，and for this reason，there is a special day devoted to play—World Play Day.”可知，由于当今各种压力，玩耍作为孩子的一项特权遭到了忽视，为此，世界玩耍日被创建。]
2．What is the aim of World Play Day?
A．To increase children's confidence.
B．To help children ease their stress and play.
C．To encourage children to lead an active lifestyle.
D．To improve children's imagination and creativity.
B [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Each year has seen a new theme and a new focus，although the aim is always the same—for children to let go of the stresses of daily life and play.”可知，世界玩耍日的目的是让孩子释放压力去玩耍。]
3．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “inaugural” in Paragraph 3?
A．Previous. B．Following.
C．Special. D．First.
D [词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“World Play Day has been celebrated...for the past five years”和本段描述可知，2014年举办了首届世界玩耍日。]
4．Why does the author quote Vanessa Mentor?
A．To introduce the theme of the 2018 World Play Day.
B．To encourage us to celebrate World Play Day.
C．To stress the importance of play to children.
D．To advise children to play freely.
C [推理判断题。根据Vanessa Mentor 所说的“Play is of the greatest importance for the developing child...”可知，玩耍对于孩子的成长具有重要的作用，作者通过引用她的话旨在强调玩耍对于孩子的重要性。]
B
I've always believed that sharing a meal together is important, whether it's with family or friends. It creates community, and community gives you a sense of belonging.Now, I can add another reason to my list: eating together is good for your well-being.A recent study of 8，250 British adults found that people who always eat alone scored 7.9 points lower in happiness than those who eat regularly with others. The only other thing more likely to make you unhappy than eating alone is mental (心理的) illness.
More happiness is a good motivator for you to eat together with your family or friends. Remember, it's the dining together that's important, not necessarily the food you eat. You can connect with people over pizza as easily as you can over roast beef.I'd encourage you to make that connection last as long as possible, too. Take your time.Practice what the Italians call conviviality(欢宴)．
For the Italians, conviviality involves friendliness, conversation and sharing food and drink while focusing on the people you're with. Everyone sits at a table.Meals can take hours and come out in various courses. Electronic devices (设备) are rarely pulled out. The meal, along with the company it creates, is the entertainment for the evening.Once dinner is on the table, eat slowly and keep the conversations flowing.
One of the authors of the British study, Psychology Professor Robin Dunbar of Oxford University, said they “simply don't know” why people who eat together are happier.Maybe they haven't scientifically been able to reach a conclusion, but I'm willing to guess it has to do with being in a community and making connections. Either way, it's a good excuse to try this approach the next time you find yourself eating alone.
【语篇解读】 本文语篇类型是说明文，主题语境是社会行为。研究表明与他人一起进餐我们会感到更快乐，因此作者向我们推荐被称作“意大利欢宴”的用餐模式。
5．What does the study show according to Paragraph 1?
A．We should not eat out too often.
B．Eating together makes people happier.
C．We should eat together with people we like.
D．Eating alone is likely to cause mental illness.
B [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A recent study of 8，250 British adults found that people who always eat alone scored 7.9 points lower in happiness than those who eat regularly with others”和最后一段中的“...they‘simply don't know’why people who eat together are happier”可知，研究表明与他人一起进餐会让人更快乐。]
6．According to the text, what is relatively important to a meal?
A．Food you eat.
B．Eating with others.
C．People you are with.
D．Conversations you have.
B [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Remember，it's the dining together that's important，not necessarily the food you eat”可知，作者认为对于用餐这件事情来说重要的是和他人一起吃饭这个行为，而不是食物或其他因素。]
7．Which of the following is TRUE about the Italian conviviality?
A．It has a special theme.
B．Pizza is the best choice.
C．Its aim is to share information.
D．People eat slowly and talk freely during it.
D [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Once dinner is on the table，eat slowly and keep the conversations flowing”可知，意大利欢宴时刻，人们通常慢慢用餐，无拘无束地交谈。]
8．What can be concluded from the text?
A．Connection with others is good for our mental health.
B．It is difficult to decide on people's level of happiness.
C．It is clear why eating together makes people happier.
D．Choosing what to eat is no longer as easy as before.
A [推理判断题。结合全文并根据最后一段中的“I'm willing to guess it has to do with being in a community and making connections”可推知，作者认为和他人一起进餐会使我们有归属感，而与他人的这种接触正是共同进餐会使我们更快乐的原因，即，与他人的接触对我们的心理健康有好处。]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Life is so much better when we are happy. It just seems to be easier to get through the day when you feel good. 1 If you try to do these things in your daily life, you will be a happier person.
They spend time with other happy people. 2 There are even studies conducted to prove that if you stay with happy people, you will feel happier，too. By surrounding yourself with happy and positive people, you will be happier，too.
3 Happy people enjoy and appreciate little things in life, like a beautiful day, the flowers in the park, or even a cup of tea.You will feel a lot better when you are happy with all the little things around you. Be grateful for what you have, even if it isn't much.
They listen. 4 However, happy people always listen to others. When you listen, you can get to really know what they think, and how they feel. You can also gain more knowledge and enjoy their experiences. Listening is also a key to good relationships.
They give.Good deeds contribute to a happy life.Happy people will want to help other people. 5
A．They forget about time.
B．They are grateful for little things.
C．Naturally, we all want to talk and be heard.
D．There are some simple habits that happy people have.
E．The people you hang out with have a big influence on your life.
F．To be happy, find yourself a hobby which you can give your full attention to.
G．Helping others by giving will make you happier and more satisfied with your life.
【语篇解读】 本文语篇类型是说明文，主题语境是生活。文章介绍了快乐的人的一些习惯。
1．D [根据空后内容如果你做这些事，你将会变得快乐可知，D项“快乐的人的一些简单的习惯”符合语境。]
2．E [空前提到他们会和快乐的人待在一起，因为和你一起出去的人会对你的生活有影响，故选E项。]
3．B [本段主要讲快乐的人会欣赏和感恩于生活中的小事情，B项与本段内容吻合，总领该段。]
4．C [根据空后的转折快乐的人总是倾听别人可知，C项“当然，我们都喜欢说和被倾听”符合逻辑。]
5．G [空前提到快乐的人会想要帮助别人，因为帮助别人会让你更开心和对生活更满意，故选G项。]
课时分层作业(十一)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something to eat(eat)!
2．He was the right person to do(do) the job.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You don't have to run fast or for long to see (see) the benefit.
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve (improve) water quality.
5．(2017·浙江6月卷)Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook (cook) a meal.
6．She is always the first to come and the last to leave(leave)．
7．Have you got a letter to write(write)?
8．Do you have the ability to read(read) and write in English?
9．(2018·浙江6月高考)The easiest way to accomplish(accomplish) this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should.
10．The tunnels provide a place for the turtles to slip(slip) into and protect them.
Ⅱ.完形填空
Costello was afraid of homeless people.“I was so 1 when I saw a homeless person walking along the street，” he said.But that changed seven years ago after his wife, a volunteer at a(n) 2 shelter, persuaded him to help with a holiday dinner for shelter people.Costello went to a store and bought 3 for the residents (居民). At the shelter，Costello gave a pair of socks to a woman. She asked him if she could have a pair of socks for a friend who wasn't with her that day. He 4 her another pair. “She started to cry and told me that 5 had ever given her socks before，” Costello said.“Then she gave me a hug.” That experience at the shelter helped Costello 6 his fear of the homeless. It also led him to set up a group called “The Joy of Sox”. “The Joy of Sox” collects socks from donors and gives them mostly to 7 in the area, where Costello and his wife Nancy live.But the group has been 8 its reach. It now provides socks to homeless shelters in 21 states and three countries.
Why socks? Costello explained that some Americans gave food or coats to shelters. 9 donating socks was not something most people thought about. Socks are very helpful in keeping people 10 in cold weather. Most of the time shelters can find enough food, but socks are much more 11 to get.
Costello said his hope for “The Joy of Sox” is that it is to be the best sock 12 in the world.He said, “We're starting a new tradition to break a new record every year, but it really isn't about us. It's about whom we are 13 ．” Costello expected 14 as many as 250，000 pairs of socks to be 15 by the end of the year.
【语篇解读】 本文语篇类型是记叙文，主题语境是社会。Costello曾经害怕流浪者，但是在妻子引导他帮助这些人后，他开始喜欢帮助这些人，并且成立了The Joy of Sox，用来给无家可归的人提供袜子。
1．A.excited B．upset
C．annoyed D．scared
D [根据空前Costello was afraid of homeless people可知，此处是指害怕。]
2．A.homeless B．animal
C．local D．temporary
A [根据上下文内容可知，此处是指流浪者庇护所。]
3．A.food B．socks
C．fruit D．clothes
B [根据空后Costello gave a pair of socks to a woman可知答案。]
4．A.refused B．invited
C．showed D．gave
D [由前一句中的gave a pair of socks to a woman可知选D。]
5．A.nobody B．somebody
C．anyone D．everyone
A [因为从没有人给过她袜子，所以她收到袜子后很激动。]
6．A.express B．hate
C．feel D．end
D [由上文内容可知，送袜子的经历帮Costello消除了对流浪者的恐惧心理。]
7．A.shelters B．homes
C．farms D．factories
A [根据第8空后provides socks to homeless shelter有提示。]
8．A.controlling B．expanding
C．choosing D．creating
B [空前提到The Joy of Sox的袜子给了Costello和他妻子所住地区的流浪者庇护所，空后提到这个组织将袜子提供给了21个州和3个国家的流浪者庇护所可知，此处是指这个组织正在扩大范围。]
9．A.Because B．Therefore
C．And D．But
D [空前提到一些人会捐给食物或外套，空后提到捐袜子是大部分人不会想到的东西，故该处为转折关系。]
10．A.warm B．active
C．different D．pleasant
A [袜子在天气寒冷的时候，有助于让人保暖。]
11．A.comfortable B．important
C．difficult D．interesting
C [根据空前的转折but可知，袜子是更难得到的。]
12．A.store B．company
C．design D．charity
D [根据上文内容可知，The Joy of Sox是一个慈善组织。]
13．A.knowing B．helping
C．playing with D．laughing at
B [根据上文内容可知，该组织的成立不是为了自己，而是为了他们帮助的人。]
14．A.hopefully B．certainly
C．gratefully D．seriously
A [Costello希望到了年底可以有25万双袜子被捐出去。]
15．A.sold B．made
C．donated D．worn
C [参考上题解析。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Reading aloud is a good habit for children. Some parents may ask their children to read aloud at 1. early age, which may help them become more focused, according to a new study 2. (publish) in the journal Pediatrics. These children trained to read aloud are not only better able to sit still but also better able to get along 3. (good) with their friends and teachers.
The research 4. (do) by a team led by Dr. Alan Mendelsohn of NYU Langone Medical Center. The researchers studied how children's 5. (program) that promote (促进) positive parenting activities, such as reading out loud and playing pretend, affect children's 6. (develop)．
Researchers performed a test after some children took part 7. their Video Interaction Project from birth to age 3. At every visit, the families in the program were filmed reading or 8. (play) with their children. The film was then reviewed by a coach 9. helped parents learn more about their own powerful role in their children's growth. Results showed that these children could do things more carefully and had 10. (few) attention problems by the time they started school.
【语篇解读】 本文语篇类型是说明文，主题语境是社会。研究显示给孩子大声朗读能提高他们的注意力。
1．an [at an early age意为“早年；年轻时；在很小的时候”。]
2．published [published in the journal Pediatrics是过去分词短语作定语，修饰study(publish与逻辑主语之间是被动关系)。]
3．well [get along well with sb.意为“与某人相处融洽”。]
4．was done [主语是谓语动词do的承受者，需用被动语态；此处描述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。]
5．programs [由空后的that promote...可知，此处用program的复数形式。]
6．development [这里意思是“影响孩子们的发展”，此处填develop的名词形式。]
7．in [take part in意为“参加；参与”。]
8．playing [空白处所填词与reading为并列关系，故填playing。]
9．who/that [空白处所填词引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。]
10．fewer [根据空前的do things more carefully可知，此处应填比较级形式。]
课时分层作业(十二)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·陕西宝鸡中学一调)Are you interested in movie musicals? Here are some best movie musicals you need to watch.
Singin' in the Rain (1952)
Debbie Reynolds (the heroine) is ultra-charming in this time-honored classic musical about the coming of the talking pictures in movie history. She plays a winning showgirl with a golden singing voice designed for Holly-wood stars. You can also see how Gene Kelly (the hero) made a hit in the timeless “Singin' in the Rain”．
The Sound of Music (1965)
It hit the big screen in 1965 and became an early blockbuster. It's one of those movies that everybody watches again and again. Whether you're singing along to “Do-Re-Mi” or “ My Favorite Things”， you'll still think of the cute Von Trapp children and the beautiful Austrian setting.Christopher Plummer (the hero) is wonderful as the serious captain melts into gentleness when singing “Edelweiss”. And Julie Andrews (the heroine) shows her addictive voice in such songs as “I Have Confidence”．
Chicago (2002)
Renee Zellweger and Catherine Zeta-Jones sing and dance as criminals in this musical about fame, envy, and murderous love.Famous songs include “Cell Block Tango”， where female criminals sing about how they ended up in jail. It won Best Picture, Best Actress in a Supporting Role, Best Art Direction—Set Decoration, Best Costume Design，Best Film Editing，and Best Sound in Oscar 2003.
La La Land (2016)
Struggling actress Mia (Emma Stone) and ambitious jazz pianist Sebastian (Ryan Gosling) begin a romance as they both follow their heart in the path of their dreams in Los Angeles. It won Best Performance by an Actress in a leading role，Best Achievement in Directing, Best Achievement in Cinematography，Best Achievement in Music Written for Motion Pictures, and Best Achievement in Production Design in Oscar 2017.
1．Which movie musical marks a change in the movie history?
A．Chicago. B．La La Land.
C．Singin' in the Rain. D．The Sound of Music.
2．In which song will you feel gentleness from a serious man?
A．“Do-Re-Mi”. B．“Edelweiss”．
C．“Singin' in the Rain”. D．“Cell Block Tango”．
3．What do Chicago and La La Land have in common?
A．They both won Best Picture.
B．They both talk about crimes.
C．They both talk about dreams.
D．They both won some Oscar Awards.
4．If you are interested in jazz music, whose role will be your favorite?
A．Ryan Gosling's.
B．Renee Zellweger's.
C．Catherine Zeta-Jones'.
D．Christopher Plummer's.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了四部备受好评的电影音乐剧。
1．C [细节理解题。根据Singin' in the Rain部分中的第一句“Debbie Reynolds (the heroine) is ultra-charming in this time-honored classic musical about the coming of the talking pictures in movie history.”可知，电影Singin' in the Rain开启了电影历史上有声电影的新篇章。故选C。]
2．B [细节理解题。根据The Sound of Music部分中的第四句“Christopher Plummer (the hero) is wonderful as the serious captain melts into gentleness when singing ‘Edelweiss’．”可知，主人公在唱Edelweiss这首歌时极尽温柔。故选B。]
3．D [细节理解题。根据Chicago部分中的最后一句“It won Best Picture, Best Actress in a Supporting Role, Best Art Direction—Set Decoration, Best Costume Design，Best Film Editing，and Best Sound in Oscar 2003.”以及La La Land部分中的最后一句“It won Best Performance by an Actress in a leading role，Best achievement in Directing, Best Achievement in Cinematography，Best Achievement in Music Written for Motion Pictures, and Best Achievement in Production Design in Oscar 2017.”可知，两者的共同之处在于都赢得了奥斯卡奖。故选D。]
4．A [推理判断题。根据La La Land部分中的第一句“Struggling actress Mia (Emma Stone) and ambitious jazz pianist Sebastian (Ryan Gosling) begin a romance as they both follow their heart in the path of their dreams in Los Angeles.”可知，Ryan Gosling扮演的Sebastian是一名爵士乐钢琴家。故选A。]
B
(2019·山东省实验中学一模)Recently，I had lunch with a young Chinese student who studies at a college in New York. He is very bright and aspiring and I enjoyed our conversation. Still I felt frustrated and useless afterwards because I was not able to provide him with any good news. Graduating at the end of this year, he asked me how he could find a job in this country and fulfill his career dreams.
In recent years, students who found a job here after graduation have had to go through a cruel lottery system to obtain their H1B working visa.And the success rates have been declining year after year because of the ever growing number of applicants. Last year, there were 233，000 applicants, and only 30 percent of them were lucky，less than half of the rate in 2013.
And it can only become worse.US President Donald Trump's immigration policies in this country are tightening up and this trend will continue for at least the next few years. In this case, foreign students studying social sciences, a field in which starting salaries are rarely above the required amount, can kiss their visa hopes goodbye.
Compared to the older generation of Chinese students，today's young people no longer consider the US as the only option. Many start to think China offers better opportunities in the longer term.
This is not to say that Chinese students in the US are not interested in job opportunities here any more.A few years of work experience in the US can give them leverage when they finally land back in their home country. But if the job opportunities are largely reduced by the tightening of immigration policy，I expect there will be a decline.And if that happens，it is the American economy that will suffer from the loss of those educated, hard-working and talented immigrants.
5．The author felt frustrated because ．
A．he was not interested in the talk
B．he didn't fulfill his career dreams
C．he couldn't provide helpful advice
D．he thought the student was useless
6．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A．The lottery system for H1B working visa is too tough.
B．Chinese students have no choice but to return to China.
C．President Trump is tightening up the immigration policies.
D．More and more students are applying for the working visa.
7．What does the word “leverage” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Advantage. B．Language.
C．Ability. D．Education.
8．What is the author's attitude to the tightening of immigration policy?
A．Doubtful. B．Supportive.
C．Indifferent. D．Worried.
【语篇解读】 本文为夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己和一名在纽约求学的中国大学生的交流过程意识到总统特朗普收紧移民政策使得中国学生在美国择业出现困难，同时也会使美国经济遭受很大损失。
5．C [细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，作者之所以感到沮丧是因为他不能给那个中国大学生提供有益的建议，故答案为C项。]
6．B [细节理解题。第二段与A项相对应，故排除A项；第三段第一、二句与C项相对应，故排除C项；第二段中的“the ever growing number of applicants”与D项相对应，故排除D项。只有B项(中国学生别无选择只得回中国)在文中未被提及，故为答案。]
7．A [词义猜测题。根据第五段前两句可知leverage的意思是“优势”，故答案为A项。]
8．D [观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句可推知，作者对收紧的移民政策感到担心，故答案为D项。]
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
John Blanchard stood up, straightened his army uniform (制服), and studied the crowd making their way through the station. He looked for the girl whose heart he knew, but whose face he had never seen, the girl with a rose.
His interest in her began thirteen months ago in a library. Taking a book off the shelf, he found himself fascinated, not with the words of the book, but with the notes penciled in the margin (页边的空白). The soft handwriting showed a thoughtful soul and brilliant mind.In the front of the book, he discovered the owner's name, Miss Hollis Maynell. With time and effort he found her address. She lived in New York City. He wrote her a letter introducing himself and inviting her to correspond (通信). The next day he was shipped overseas for military service.
During the next year and one month, the two begun to know each other by mail. Each letter was a seed falling on both hearts. A romance was budding.Blanchard asked for a photograph, but she refused.She felt that if he really cared, it wouldn't matter what she looked like.
When the day finally came for him to return from Europe, they scheduled their first meeting－7 pm at the Grand Central Station in New York. “You'll recognize me，” she wrote.“By the red rose I'll wear my dress. ” So at 7：00 he was in the station looking for a girl whose heart he loved, but whose face he'd never seen.
A young lady was coming toward him. Her figure was long and slim; her blonde hair lay back from her ears; her eyes were blue as flowers; her lips and chin had a gentle firmness, and in her pale green suit she was like springtime coming alive.He went toward her, entirely forgetting to notice that she was not wearing a rose. As he moved, a middle-aged woman whispered, “Going my way, Sir？”
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
Almost uncontrollably he made his way to the woman, and then he noticed that she was wearing a red rose.
Paragraph 2：
The woman's face broadened into a big smile.
【参考答案】
Paragraph 1：
Almost uncontrollably he made his way to the woman, and then he noticed that she was wearing a red rose. John Blanchard was disappointed to see the woman, who was over 40 years old.Exactly, she was the girl he was waiting for. Though he would like to follow the young lady，he stopped and walked toward the woman, greeted her and held out the book he found in the library. “I'm John Blanchard, and you must be Miss Hollis Maynell. I am more than glad you could meet me; may I take you to dinner？”
Paragraph 2：
The woman's face broadened into a big smile. “I don't know what this is about，”she answered, “but the young lady in her pale green suit who just went by begged me to wear the red rose on my coat. And she said if you were going to invite me to dinner, I should tell you that she is waiting for you in the restaurant across the street. She said it was a test！”
