人教版高一英语必修四 unit1 Women of achievement grammar 主谓一致 （共55张PPT）
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| 名称 | 人教版高一英语必修四 unit1 Women of achievement grammar 主谓一致 （共55张PPT） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（新课程标准） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2020-03-05 22:34:41 | ||
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(共55张PPT)
Subject – verb agreement
主 谓 一 致
主谓一致
主谓一致就是指主语和谓语动词在人称、数等方面保持一致。主要包括三大原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
注意：
1. 结合时态和语态。
2. 名词关注复数形式；动词关注一般时态下的单数形式。
3. 既要关注主语的形式，还要关注主语的意义！
4. 关注倒装句：There is a pen.
Here comes a bus.
二、主谓一致
(一)主谓一致三原则
1．语法一致的原则。即主语是单数，谓语为单数；主语若为复数，谓语亦为复数。例如：
He does well in maths.
2．意义一致的原则。根据主语的意义，而不是形式，决定谓语的数。整体概念或个体概念？表示一个集体或许多个体？表示同一概念或不同概念？例如：
The teacher and writer is going to give us a lecture on writing.
那位做老师的作者准备给我们讲讲如何写作。
3．就近一致的原则。即与靠近谓语的那个主语一致。例如：
Either he or I am right.
特别提醒：①三个原则虽然不同，但在具体运用中，它们往往是协调的，并不矛盾。例如：
More than ten students have passed the driving test.(形式和意义都是复数)
②当语法一致的原则与意义一致的原则发生冲突时，一般坚持语法一致的原则。例如：
More than one student has passed the driving test.(形式是单数，意义是复数)
主谓一致详解
一、谓语动词用单数：
1. 第三人称单数、单数名词和不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
注意：如果有pair, glass, kind, type等量词，则由量词的单复数决定。
Two glasses of milk are on the table.
一、谓语动词用单数：
2.不定式to do，动词ing形式，主语从句和非限制性定语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
注意：what引导的主语从句有时候需要参照后面的表语。
Collecting stamps gives me pleasure.
To collect stamps gives me pleasure.
集邮带给我乐趣。
That she will come here tomorrow is certain.
What they want is nothing but a rest. What he wants are two books.
What he said has left us much to think about.
一、谓语动词用单数：
3.主语中出现：each, every （每一）
no（没有）
many a…, more than one…（许多）
谓语动词用单数。
注意：each放在名词或代词后面时则由该名词或代词的单复数决定。
Each of the boys has a pencil box.
Here every student is good at drawing.
Many a boy learns to swim before he can read.
More than one student has passed the exam.
(单数形式表复数概念：许多)
They each have finished their exercises.
一、谓语动词用单数：
4.主语中出现：either （一个）
neither（没有）
the other（另一个）
谓语动词用单数。
Either of the answers is correct.
Neither answer proves to be correct.
一、谓语动词用单数：
5.不定代词作主语时谓语动词用单数。
不定代词：something, anything, everything, nothing, someone, anyone, everyone, no one, somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody
一、谓语动词用单数：
6.主语为形复意单的名词，如国家名，学科名，谓语动词用单数。
注意：不是所有s或者es结尾的名词都是复数名词。
7. one and a half + 复数名词作主语
One and a half days is all I can spare.
二、谓语动词用复数：
1. 第一人称，第二人称，复数名词和复数代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
二、谓语动词用复数：
2. 形单意复的名词，如集体名词：people, police作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
3. the + 国籍或民族，表示全体人民时，谓语动词用复数。
The Chinese are brave people.
二、谓语动词用复数：
4. one or two + 复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
There are one or two tickets left.
二、谓语动词用复数：
5. 由两部分组成的东西，如glasses眼镜，shoes, trousers裤子，scissors剪刀作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
My trousers are worn out.
注意：如果有pair, glass, kind, type等量词，则由量词的单复数决定。
There are two pairs of glasses needing to be repaired.
三、就近或就远原则：
参照物为谓语动词
1. 就近原则：
…or…, either…or…, neither…or…
not only…but also…, not…but…
There be句型
状语提前的倒装句
Either you or I am wrong. Are neither you nor he for the plan?
三、就近或就远原则：
参照物为谓语动词
2. 就远原则：
名词 + as well as
with, together with, along with
not, besides, except, but, like(如)
in addition to, including, rather than + 短语
由前面的名词决定
The teacher as well as his students is playing football.
Tea together with milk or sugar is served in some parts of the world.
1>.The teacher as well as her students ________fond of popular music very much.
2>. All but Tom _______________(know) the truth so far.
is
have known
四、需要根据实际意义判断单复数：
1. the + 形容词：
表示一类人：用复数
表示抽象事物：用单数
The injured were taken good care of.
The beautiful gives pleasure to people.
四、需要根据实际意义判断单复数：
2. 时间，金钱，距离，重量等：
表示整体：用单数
表示一个一个的个体：用复数
Ten dollars is what he needs.
Twenty kilometres is not a short distance.
Five years have passed since I graduated.
四、需要根据实际意义判断单复数：
3. and连接两个名词：
表示同一概念：用单数
表示不同概念：用复数
Reading and writing are both very important.
The English teacher and class teacher(班主任兼英语老师) is very strict with us.
Bread and butter is their daily food.
四、需要根据实际意义判断单复数：
4. 集体名词：family, class, group, team, crowd(人群), population
表示集体：用单数
表示个体：用复数
The population of China is large.
Nearly 80% of the population of China are farmers.
四、需要根据实际意义判断单复数：
5. some, any, more, most, all, what(什么), which(哪个，哪些), who(谁)作主语时，要根据实际意义判断单复数。
四、需要根据实际意义判断单复数：
6. 有of的短语：half of, part of, the rest of, most of,
80% of the…, one third of the…
由of后面的名词单复数决定
注意：要结合实际意义
Most of the people agree with us.
Most of the money is spent on clothes.
Over 50% of the land has been covered with forest.
Two?thirds of the students in our class are fond of English.
四、需要根据实际意义判断单复数：
7. 单复数同形的名词，要根据实际意义判断单复数。
means
五、特殊情况：
1. 强调句：由被强调的部分决定单复数
It is I who am to answer for her safety.
五、特殊情况：
2. 定于从句：由先行词决定从句谓语动词的单复数
注意：
the only one of…that/who…:用单数
one of…that/who…:用复数
Do you know the girls who are soldiers?
She is the only one of the girls who has passed the exam.
She is one of the girls who have passed the exam.
五、特殊情况：
3. the number of:用单数
a number of:用复数
a large amount of:用单数
large amounts of:用复数
a quantity of:用单数
quantities of:用复数
主谓一致易混点巩固
填上适当的be动词，并找一找共同点：
1>. What we need _______ hard work.
What we need ______ suitable
materials.
2>. Such ________ what he told me.
Such _________ his words.
3>. The following ______ his advice
on learning English.
The following _______ some tips
to learn English.
is
are
was
were
is
are
1. Our class _______ a big one.（be)
Our class ______ fond of music.
2. 1>.The trousers _________ mine. (be)
2>.This pair of trousers ____ mine.
类似地:
Apples of this kind ______ (sell) well.
This kind of apples _______(sell) well.
is
are
四、易错点汇总
are
is
sell
sells
比一比
3. The population of China _______
far larger than that of Japan.(be)
Eighty percent of the population
in China ________ farmers.
4.
1>.Every means ______ been tried
to solve the problem.(have) All means _______ been tried
to solve the problem.
is
are
has
have
5. 1>.The aged ______ being cared for
in the community. (be)
2>.The beautiful ______ not always
good.
6. 1>. A singer and dancer ______ been
invited to the party. （have)
2>. A singer and a dancer ________
been invited to the party.
are
is
has
have
7. Tom is one of the workers who ______ fired by the company last week. ( be)
Tom is the only one of the workers who ____ fired by the company last week.
8. A large quantity of water ________wasted every year. ( be)
Large quantities of water _______wasted every year.
were
was
is
are
主谓一致练习实战演练
Dear Mary,
Your letter ______ received, and not only I but also my students ______reading your letter. In our opinions, what you said about Jane Goodall ______ really inspiring. Therefore, I, as well as the whole class, ______ going to help you to write something about her. However, some information and writing skills ______ needed if we want to make a better description of her, and we will give you a good description after our class!
is
are
is
am
are
1.More than one person here ____ with the disease.
A. has been infected B. have been infected
C. has been infecting D. have been infecting
由more than one 修饰单数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数
语法一致原则
2. One or perhaps more pages ___ missing.
A. is B. are
C. has been D. have been
由or连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与靠近它的主语一致。
就近一致原则
3.The police ____ the black in winter.
A. wears B. wear
C. put on D. puts on
英语中，一些表示总称意义的名词，如：police，people，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
意义一致原则
4.The number of students that you have met ____ the life of the team.
A. are B. is C. were D. be
the number of＋复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。
a number of＋复数名词作主语时，谓语用复数。
语法一致原则
5. To get up early and to go to sleep early ____ good for your health.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
由and连接两个名词，包括两个不定式、两个动名词作主语，若指同一件事或一个概念事，谓语动词用单数形式。
语法一致原则
6. More students than one _______.
A. were punished B. is punished
C. was punished D. will punish
more ＋复数名词 ＋than one
more than one ＋单数名词
意义相同，均表示“不只一个”，但前者用作复数，后者用作单数。
语法一致原则
7. What they need _____ more people.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
名词从句作主语时，通常表示单数概念，谓语动词常用单数，但所指内容是复数意义时，谓语动词用复数。本句从表语more people 可以得知主语what they need指复数内容。
语法一致原则
8.An expert, together with some assistants, ____ to help in this work.
A. was sent B. were sent
C. is sending D. are sending
由 with，together with，along with，rather than，no less than ， but， besides，except等连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与前一个相一致。
就远一致原则
Fill in the blanks by using the correct form of the words.
1.The rest of magazines _____________ (sell) out within half an hour.
2.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _______ (be) tired of having one examination after another.
3.Nodding head __________ (mean) agreement.
4.The Times ________________ (publish) in USA, which _____ (be) one of the most developed countries in the world.
were sold
are
means
is published
is
5.My brother is one of the students who ____________________ (choose) to join the army.
6.My brother is the only one of the students who ____________________ (choose) to join the army.
7.A great number of students in this school __________ (be) League members.
8.The total number of the population in China __________ (be) about 1,320 million.
have been chosen
has been chosen
are
is
9.Between the two rows of trees __________ (stand) the teaching building.
10.Mary, as well as her sisters, ________________ (study) Chinese in China now.
stands
is studying
短文翻译
Tom是一个在中国学习的美国学生。不仅他的班主任，而且他的同学们都很喜欢他。因为他既聪明又幽默(humorous)。他有一个幸福的家庭。他和他父母计划在暑假时回美国度假。但是，他们还没有决定坐什么交通工具回去。Tom的每一个同学都希望他的一家能有一个愉快的假期。
Tom是一个在中国学习的美国学生。
不仅他的班主任，而且他的同学们都很喜欢他。因为他既聪明又幽默(humorous)。
他有一个幸福的家庭。
Tom is an American student studying in China.
Not only his head teacher but also his classmates like him very much, because he is both clever and humorous.
He has a happy family.
他和他父母计划在暑假时回美国度假。
但是，他们还没有决定坐什么交通工具回去。
Tom的每一个同学都希望他的一家能有一个愉快的假期。
He, together with his parents, plans to go back to America in the summer vacation.
However, how they will go there has not been decided.
Each of his classmates wishes his family will have a happy vacation.
Tom is an American student studying in China. Not only his head teacher but also his classmates like him very much, because he is both clever and humorous. He has a happy family. He, together with his parents, plans to go back to America in the summer vacation. However, how they will go there has not been decided. Each of his classmates wishes his family will have a happy vacation.
Subject – verb agreement
主 谓 一 致
主谓一致
主谓一致就是指主语和谓语动词在人称、数等方面保持一致。主要包括三大原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
注意：
1. 结合时态和语态。
2. 名词关注复数形式；动词关注一般时态下的单数形式。
3. 既要关注主语的形式，还要关注主语的意义！
4. 关注倒装句：There is a pen.
Here comes a bus.
二、主谓一致
(一)主谓一致三原则
1．语法一致的原则。即主语是单数，谓语为单数；主语若为复数，谓语亦为复数。例如：
He does well in maths.
2．意义一致的原则。根据主语的意义，而不是形式，决定谓语的数。整体概念或个体概念？表示一个集体或许多个体？表示同一概念或不同概念？例如：
The teacher and writer is going to give us a lecture on writing.
那位做老师的作者准备给我们讲讲如何写作。
3．就近一致的原则。即与靠近谓语的那个主语一致。例如：
Either he or I am right.
特别提醒：①三个原则虽然不同，但在具体运用中，它们往往是协调的，并不矛盾。例如：
More than ten students have passed the driving test.(形式和意义都是复数)
②当语法一致的原则与意义一致的原则发生冲突时，一般坚持语法一致的原则。例如：
More than one student has passed the driving test.(形式是单数，意义是复数)
主谓一致详解
一、谓语动词用单数：
1. 第三人称单数、单数名词和不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
注意：如果有pair, glass, kind, type等量词，则由量词的单复数决定。
Two glasses of milk are on the table.
一、谓语动词用单数：
2.不定式to do，动词ing形式，主语从句和非限制性定语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
注意：what引导的主语从句有时候需要参照后面的表语。
Collecting stamps gives me pleasure.
To collect stamps gives me pleasure.
集邮带给我乐趣。
That she will come here tomorrow is certain.
What they want is nothing but a rest. What he wants are two books.
What he said has left us much to think about.
一、谓语动词用单数：
3.主语中出现：each, every （每一）
no（没有）
many a…, more than one…（许多）
谓语动词用单数。
注意：each放在名词或代词后面时则由该名词或代词的单复数决定。
Each of the boys has a pencil box.
Here every student is good at drawing.
Many a boy learns to swim before he can read.
More than one student has passed the exam.
(单数形式表复数概念：许多)
They each have finished their exercises.
一、谓语动词用单数：
4.主语中出现：either （一个）
neither（没有）
the other（另一个）
谓语动词用单数。
Either of the answers is correct.
Neither answer proves to be correct.
一、谓语动词用单数：
5.不定代词作主语时谓语动词用单数。
不定代词：something, anything, everything, nothing, someone, anyone, everyone, no one, somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody
一、谓语动词用单数：
6.主语为形复意单的名词，如国家名，学科名，谓语动词用单数。
注意：不是所有s或者es结尾的名词都是复数名词。
7. one and a half + 复数名词作主语
One and a half days is all I can spare.
二、谓语动词用复数：
1. 第一人称，第二人称，复数名词和复数代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
二、谓语动词用复数：
2. 形单意复的名词，如集体名词：people, police作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
3. the + 国籍或民族，表示全体人民时，谓语动词用复数。
The Chinese are brave people.
二、谓语动词用复数：
4. one or two + 复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
There are one or two tickets left.
二、谓语动词用复数：
5. 由两部分组成的东西，如glasses眼镜，shoes, trousers裤子，scissors剪刀作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
My trousers are worn out.
注意：如果有pair, glass, kind, type等量词，则由量词的单复数决定。
There are two pairs of glasses needing to be repaired.
三、就近或就远原则：
参照物为谓语动词
1. 就近原则：
…or…, either…or…, neither…or…
not only…but also…, not…but…
There be句型
状语提前的倒装句
Either you or I am wrong. Are neither you nor he for the plan?
三、就近或就远原则：
参照物为谓语动词
2. 就远原则：
名词 + as well as
with, together with, along with
not, besides, except, but, like(如)
in addition to, including, rather than + 短语
由前面的名词决定
The teacher as well as his students is playing football.
Tea together with milk or sugar is served in some parts of the world.
1>.The teacher as well as her students ________fond of popular music very much.
2>. All but Tom _______________(know) the truth so far.
is
have known
四、需要根据实际意义判断单复数：
1. the + 形容词：
表示一类人：用复数
表示抽象事物：用单数
The injured were taken good care of.
The beautiful gives pleasure to people.
四、需要根据实际意义判断单复数：
2. 时间，金钱，距离，重量等：
表示整体：用单数
表示一个一个的个体：用复数
Ten dollars is what he needs.
Twenty kilometres is not a short distance.
Five years have passed since I graduated.
四、需要根据实际意义判断单复数：
3. and连接两个名词：
表示同一概念：用单数
表示不同概念：用复数
Reading and writing are both very important.
The English teacher and class teacher(班主任兼英语老师) is very strict with us.
Bread and butter is their daily food.
四、需要根据实际意义判断单复数：
4. 集体名词：family, class, group, team, crowd(人群), population
表示集体：用单数
表示个体：用复数
The population of China is large.
Nearly 80% of the population of China are farmers.
四、需要根据实际意义判断单复数：
5. some, any, more, most, all, what(什么), which(哪个，哪些), who(谁)作主语时，要根据实际意义判断单复数。
四、需要根据实际意义判断单复数：
6. 有of的短语：half of, part of, the rest of, most of,
80% of the…, one third of the…
由of后面的名词单复数决定
注意：要结合实际意义
Most of the people agree with us.
Most of the money is spent on clothes.
Over 50% of the land has been covered with forest.
Two?thirds of the students in our class are fond of English.
四、需要根据实际意义判断单复数：
7. 单复数同形的名词，要根据实际意义判断单复数。
means
五、特殊情况：
1. 强调句：由被强调的部分决定单复数
It is I who am to answer for her safety.
五、特殊情况：
2. 定于从句：由先行词决定从句谓语动词的单复数
注意：
the only one of…that/who…:用单数
one of…that/who…:用复数
Do you know the girls who are soldiers?
She is the only one of the girls who has passed the exam.
She is one of the girls who have passed the exam.
五、特殊情况：
3. the number of:用单数
a number of:用复数
a large amount of:用单数
large amounts of:用复数
a quantity of:用单数
quantities of:用复数
主谓一致易混点巩固
填上适当的be动词，并找一找共同点：
1>. What we need _______ hard work.
What we need ______ suitable
materials.
2>. Such ________ what he told me.
Such _________ his words.
3>. The following ______ his advice
on learning English.
The following _______ some tips
to learn English.
is
are
was
were
is
are
1. Our class _______ a big one.（be)
Our class ______ fond of music.
2. 1>.The trousers _________ mine. (be)
2>.This pair of trousers ____ mine.
类似地:
Apples of this kind ______ (sell) well.
This kind of apples _______(sell) well.
is
are
四、易错点汇总
are
is
sell
sells
比一比
3. The population of China _______
far larger than that of Japan.(be)
Eighty percent of the population
in China ________ farmers.
4.
1>.Every means ______ been tried
to solve the problem.(have) All means _______ been tried
to solve the problem.
is
are
has
have
5. 1>.The aged ______ being cared for
in the community. (be)
2>.The beautiful ______ not always
good.
6. 1>. A singer and dancer ______ been
invited to the party. （have)
2>. A singer and a dancer ________
been invited to the party.
are
is
has
have
7. Tom is one of the workers who ______ fired by the company last week. ( be)
Tom is the only one of the workers who ____ fired by the company last week.
8. A large quantity of water ________wasted every year. ( be)
Large quantities of water _______wasted every year.
were
was
is
are
主谓一致练习实战演练
Dear Mary,
Your letter ______ received, and not only I but also my students ______reading your letter. In our opinions, what you said about Jane Goodall ______ really inspiring. Therefore, I, as well as the whole class, ______ going to help you to write something about her. However, some information and writing skills ______ needed if we want to make a better description of her, and we will give you a good description after our class!
is
are
is
am
are
1.More than one person here ____ with the disease.
A. has been infected B. have been infected
C. has been infecting D. have been infecting
由more than one 修饰单数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数
语法一致原则
2. One or perhaps more pages ___ missing.
A. is B. are
C. has been D. have been
由or连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与靠近它的主语一致。
就近一致原则
3.The police ____ the black in winter.
A. wears B. wear
C. put on D. puts on
英语中，一些表示总称意义的名词，如：police，people，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
意义一致原则
4.The number of students that you have met ____ the life of the team.
A. are B. is C. were D. be
the number of＋复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。
a number of＋复数名词作主语时，谓语用复数。
语法一致原则
5. To get up early and to go to sleep early ____ good for your health.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
由and连接两个名词，包括两个不定式、两个动名词作主语，若指同一件事或一个概念事，谓语动词用单数形式。
语法一致原则
6. More students than one _______.
A. were punished B. is punished
C. was punished D. will punish
more ＋复数名词 ＋than one
more than one ＋单数名词
意义相同，均表示“不只一个”，但前者用作复数，后者用作单数。
语法一致原则
7. What they need _____ more people.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
名词从句作主语时，通常表示单数概念，谓语动词常用单数，但所指内容是复数意义时，谓语动词用复数。本句从表语more people 可以得知主语what they need指复数内容。
语法一致原则
8.An expert, together with some assistants, ____ to help in this work.
A. was sent B. were sent
C. is sending D. are sending
由 with，together with，along with，rather than，no less than ， but， besides，except等连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与前一个相一致。
就远一致原则
Fill in the blanks by using the correct form of the words.
1.The rest of magazines _____________ (sell) out within half an hour.
2.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _______ (be) tired of having one examination after another.
3.Nodding head __________ (mean) agreement.
4.The Times ________________ (publish) in USA, which _____ (be) one of the most developed countries in the world.
were sold
are
means
is published
is
5.My brother is one of the students who ____________________ (choose) to join the army.
6.My brother is the only one of the students who ____________________ (choose) to join the army.
7.A great number of students in this school __________ (be) League members.
8.The total number of the population in China __________ (be) about 1,320 million.
have been chosen
has been chosen
are
is
9.Between the two rows of trees __________ (stand) the teaching building.
10.Mary, as well as her sisters, ________________ (study) Chinese in China now.
stands
is studying
短文翻译
Tom是一个在中国学习的美国学生。不仅他的班主任，而且他的同学们都很喜欢他。因为他既聪明又幽默(humorous)。他有一个幸福的家庭。他和他父母计划在暑假时回美国度假。但是，他们还没有决定坐什么交通工具回去。Tom的每一个同学都希望他的一家能有一个愉快的假期。
Tom是一个在中国学习的美国学生。
不仅他的班主任，而且他的同学们都很喜欢他。因为他既聪明又幽默(humorous)。
他有一个幸福的家庭。
Tom is an American student studying in China.
Not only his head teacher but also his classmates like him very much, because he is both clever and humorous.
He has a happy family.
他和他父母计划在暑假时回美国度假。
但是，他们还没有决定坐什么交通工具回去。
Tom的每一个同学都希望他的一家能有一个愉快的假期。
He, together with his parents, plans to go back to America in the summer vacation.
However, how they will go there has not been decided.
Each of his classmates wishes his family will have a happy vacation.
Tom is an American student studying in China. Not only his head teacher but also his classmates like him very much, because he is both clever and humorous. He has a happy family. He, together with his parents, plans to go back to America in the summer vacation. However, how they will go there has not been decided. Each of his classmates wishes his family will have a happy vacation.
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