Section Ⅰ Pre?reading (Warming Up & Reading)
课前预习自测
约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”
约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成为照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。但他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，他就感到很振奋。霍乱在当时是最致命的疾病，人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。每次暴发霍乱时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。约翰·斯诺想面对这个挑战，解决这个问题。他知道，在找到病源之前，霍乱疫情是无法控制的。
斯诺对霍乱致人死地的两种推测都很感兴趣。一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖着，像一股危险的气体到处漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害者为止。第二种看法是人们在吃饭的时候把这种病毒引入体内的。病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身，患者就会很快地死去。
斯诺推测第二种说法是正确的，但是他需要证据。因此，在1854年伦敦再次暴发霍乱的时候，约翰·斯诺着手准备对此进行调研。当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延的时候，约翰·斯洛就开始收集资料。他发现特别在两条街道上霍乱流行得很严重，在10天之内就死去了500多人。他决心要查明其原因。
首先，他在一张地图上标明了所有死者住过的地方。这提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。许多死者是住在宽街的水泵附近(特别是这条街上16、37、38、40号)。他发现有些住宅(如宽街上20号和21号以及剑桥街上的8号和9号)却无人死亡。他以前没预料到这种情况，所有他决定深入调查。他发现，这些人都在剑桥街7号的酒馆里打工，而酒馆为他们免费提供啤酒喝，因此他们没有喝从宽街水泵抽上来的水。看来水是罪魁祸首。
接下来，约翰·斯诺调查了这两条街的水源情况。他发现，水是从河里来的，而河水被伦敦排出的脏水污染了。他马上叫宽街上惊慌失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手。这样，水泵就用不成了。不久，疫情就开始得到缓解。他证明了，霍乱是由病菌而不是由气团传播的。
在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街暴发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中发现了有力的证据。有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里来。她和她的女儿喝了这种水，都得了霍乱而死去。有了这个特别的证据，约翰·斯诺就能够肯定地宣布，这种被污染了的水携带着病菌。
为了防止这种情况的再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。自来水公司也接到指令，不能再让人们接触被污染的水了。最终，“霍乱王”被击败了。
课堂合作探究
1.What do you know_about infectious diseases？(教材P1)
你对传染性疾病了解多少？
?know about/of 了解……情况(消息)
①I strongly recommend Peking University to you because it_is_well_known_for its Department of Chinese.
我强烈向你推荐北京大学，因为它以中文系出名。
②It_is_widely_known_that smoking can do great harm to our lungs.
众所周知吸烟对肺危害极大。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①There is still one thing I'd like to know more ________.
②There is no ________ (know) how he will react.
③________ is known that the Great Wall is one of the world's miracles.
④He is known ________ a successful architect.
答案：①about ②knowing ③It ④as
2．Who put_forward a theory about black holes？(教材P1)
谁提出了关于黑洞的理论？
?put forward 提出(意见、建议、观点等)；推荐；提名；提前；把(时钟)往前拨
图记put forward
①Chinese President Xi Jinping put_forward the Belt and Road construction for the first time in 2013.
习近平主席于2013年首次提出“一带一路”建设。
②The men's final has been put_forward to 2：30 pm.
男子决赛已提前到下午2点半。
③Put_out all fires before leaving the camping ground.
离开宿营地以前要熄灭所有的火。
④Put_away the tools after work, will you?
工作结束后请把工具收拾好，可以吗？
【即景活用】
(1)写出下列句中put forward的含义
①They've put the date of their wedding forward by one week.________
②She put forward a good suggestion at the meeting.________
③Put your watch forward; it's five minutes slow.________
④Can I put you forward as our club secretary？________
答案：①提前 ②提出 ③拨快 ④提名；推荐
(2)用put的相关短语完成句子
①The meeting has been ________ to next week.
②He has ________ a plan for improving education.
③The notice was ________ yesterday.
④I'm not going to ________ their smoking any longer.
⑤They had to call the police in order to ________ the riot (骚乱)．
答案：①put off ②put forward ③put up ④put up with ⑤put down
3．Draw_a_conclusion.(教材P1)
得出结论。
?draw a conclusion得出结论
①We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion.
我们将作进一步的讨论，然后再作出最终结论。
②Each chapter concludes_with a brief summary.
每一章节都以一个简短的总结作为结束。
③I concluded_from his words that he was not in favour of the plan.
我从他的话语中推断出他不赞同此项计划。
④In_conclusion,_the government should take measures to prevent the trees from being cut down.
总之，政府应该采取措施防止树木被砍伐。
【即景活用】
(1)单句语法填空
①What ________ (conclude) can you draw from the facts?
②________ conclusion, the ceremony is a great success.
答案：①conclusions ②In
(2)单句写作
①We ________________ that the room must have been empty then.
我们得出结论：房间那时一定是空的。
②________________， I'd like to express my thanks to my family.
最后，我要对我的家人表示感谢。
③He ________ his speech ________ a famous saying: where there is a will, there is a way.
他以一句名言“有志者，事竟成”结束他的演讲。
答案：①reached/came to/arrived at/drew a conclusion ②To conclude ③concluded; with
课文预学检测
Ⅰ.Fast?reading
Find out the main idea (or topic sentence) of each paragraph.
Para. 1 A．Polluted water carried the disease.
Para. 2 B．“King Cholera” was defeated at last.
Para. 3 C．John Snow wanted to use his knowledge to solve cholera.
Para. 4&5 D．He got interested in two theories explaining the cause of cholera.
Para. 6 E．He needed evidence to prove the second theory was correct.
Para. 7 F．He found out that dirty water was the cause of cholera.
答案：Para. 1—C Para. 2—D Para. 3—E
Para. 4&5—F Para. 6—A Para. 7—B
Ⅱ.Careful?reading
Choose the best answers according to the text.
1．The passage mainly tells us that ________.
A．the cause of cholera was polluted water
B．John Snow was a well?known doctor in London
C．the source of all the water supplies should be examined
D．John Snow did some research and helped to solve “King Cholera”
答案：D
2．Which of the following theories did John Snow believe?
A．Cholera multiplied in the air without any reason.
B．People spread the disease when speaking to each other.
C．People absorbed the disease into their bodies with their meals.
D．People were too dirty.
答案：C
3．What does the word “this” in the sentence “He had not foreseen this” in the 23rd line refer to?
A．The outbreak of cholera.
B．No deaths in some areas.
C．The cause of the disease.
D．The water pump in Broad Street.
答案：B
4．What was the key help for John Snow's discovery?
A．The government.
B．The woman moving away from Broad Street.
C．The water company.
D．The map made by himself.
答案：D
5．At last, “King Cholera” was controlled by ________.
A．dealing with the polluted water
B．driving patients out of the country
C．using medicines in hospitals
D．getting rid of all kinds of pollution
答案：A
课后演练提能
[基础题]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The two groups of children have quite different ________ (特点)．
答案：characteristics
2．I feel it is your hushand who is to ________ (责备；谴责) for the spoiled child.
答案：blame
3．If you ________ (分析) something, you should consider it carefully.
答案：analyse
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the ________ (挑战) of her new A?level course.
答案：challenge
5．We could ________ (预见) that we would die if we could not reach land soon.
答案：foresee
6．Everyone was silent as he ________ (宣布) the winner of the competition.
答案：announced
7．He ________ (击败) the champion in three sets.
答案：defeated
8．He is famous in this field, and tens of thousands of fans will ________ (参加) his lecture this evening.
答案：attend
9．They have the confidence and ability to ________ (处理) the important matter well.
答案：handle
10．He ________ (命令) that a wall should be built around the city.
答案：instructed
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Thomas' Magens Bay is widely ________ (know) for its white?sand beach and blue waters.
答案：known
2．It's not a ________ (science) way to test their opinions.
答案：scientific
3．He came to my class every week, but his attitude suggested he ________ (be) not really interested in the subject.
答案：was
4．Don't jump to the ________ (conclude) before you make a careful investigation.
答案：conclusion
5．Picasso, a famous ________ (paint), was born in 1881.
答案：painter
6．When entering the room, we found the girl _______ (absorb) in reading a novel.
答案：absorbed
7．He is expert ________ repairing vehicles ranging from bicycles to cars.
答案：at/on/in
8．According to the drivers' explanation, it was not his carelessness but the bad weather that was ________ (blame) for the accident.
答案：to blame
9．Damaged but not ________ (defeat), he was still head of me.
答案：defeated
10．The patient is seriously ill. We'd better have him ________ (operate) on in no time.
答案：operated
[能力题]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Scientists study the natural world by using “scientific method”. When a scientist observes some phenomenon in nature, he develops an idea, called a theory or hypothesis， about what is happening. Then he does an experiment to test his theory. If the results are as expected, then the experiment proves the hypothesis which makes it more likely that the theory is correct. If the experiment fails and the results are not as expected, then the scientist must come up with a new theory that he can test.
In ancient times great thinkers came up with complicated theories to explain nature, but they did not always prove them by experiment. For example, the great Greek thinker Aristotle, had a theory that heavy objects would fall faster than light objects. People believed this until the scientist Galileo performed an experiment and found it was wrong.
Here's an experiment that you can use to prove or disprove a common?sense theory：
Step 1: Get an empty bottle with a small neck. A diameter of 1/2 inch should be ideal.
Step 2: Cut a sheet of paper to a square 5 inches on each side.
Step 3: Crumple the paper into a tight wad.
Step 4: Lay the bottle on its side and place the paper so it lies loosely in the neck of the bottle.
Construct a theory about what will happen if you put your mouth about a half inch from the neck of the bottle and blow hard towards it. A common?sense theory might be that the wad would be blown into the bottle by the force of the breath. Now do your experiment to see what really happens.
If your theory was that the wad would be blown by the force of the air into the bottle, the experiment gave you unexpected results. In most cases the wad is blown out of the neck of the bottle in the opposite direction. A new theory might be that the air being blown into the bottle creates a whirlwind of air currents in the closed space which push the wad out.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了怎样用简单的四步实验法来验证一个常识理论是否正确。
1．The writer mentions Aristotle's theory to show ________.
A．he was a great thinker in ancient times
B．he was less successful than Galileo
C．objects of different weights fall at the same speed
D．experiments are necessary to support theories
答案：D 推理判断题。根据第二段的内容，特别是“... Aristotle, had a theory that heavy objects would fall faster than light objects. People believed this until the scientist Galileo performed an experiment and found it was wrong”可知，亚里士多德认为重的物体比轻的物体先落地，但这种理论被伽利略用实验证明是错误的，这说明，用实验来证明理论是必要的，故选D项。
2．According to the passage, what is not required in the four?step experiment?
A．A pair of scissors. B．A piece of paper.
C．A bottle. D．A strong breath.
答案：A 细节理解题。文中提及了an empty bottle, a sheet of paper和blow hard，即做该实验需要B、C、D三项。
3．What's the best title for the passage?
A．Come to Nature with Scientists
B．Make up a New Theory
C．Experiment with Breath in a Bottle
D．Watch Out for Common Sense
答案：C 标题判断题。本文主要介绍一个四步实验的操作步骤，概括来说就是一个用力吹瓶子的实验，故选C项。
温馨提示：阅读理解中标注的W部分为重点单词，标注的P部分为重点短语，旨在通过此栏目的练习，帮助学生夯实基础，做到厚积薄发。
1．hypothesis v. 假设 2.diameter n. 直径
3．crumple v. 压皱 4.wad n. 填充物
5．current n. 气流
1．come up with 想出，提出 2.push ... out 将……推出
Ⅱ.完形填空
A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full __1__ of the facts he observes. He doesn't accept ideas which are not__2__on obvious facts, and therefore refuses to accept authority (权威) as the only__3__for truth. He always __4__ ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them.
The rise of__5__science may be considered to__6__as far back as the__7__of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher (哲学家) of Oxford, who lived__8__the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the middle__9__ to suggest that we must learn science__10__observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself__11__many important discoveries.
Galileo, however, who lived more than 300 years later, was the greatest of several great men,__12__in Italy, France, Germany, or England, began by__13__to show how many important__14__could be discovered by observation. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more__15__towards the earth than small ones,__16__Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the__17__of the leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two__18__stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It was Galileo's__19__of going direct to Nature, and proving our__20__and theories by experiment, that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。说明一个成功的科学家必须首先是一个好的观察者，其次还需要具备一些基本素养。
1．A.use B．time
C．speed D．trust
答案：A make full use of ... “充分利用……”。一个成功的科学家一般都充分利用他所观察到的事实。
2．A.worked B．lived
C．based D．written
答案：C be based on ... “以……为根据”。
3．A.reason B．cause
C．advice D．result
答案：A 正因为世人随便接受没有事实根据的观点，所以他不认为权威就是真理的理由。
4．A.thinks B．checks
C．has D．learn
答案：B think是不及物动词，所以排除A。他总是谨慎地核查(check)各种观点并做实验来证实它们。
5．A.natural B．physical
C．ancient D．modern
答案：D 从此段的后文可看出应是指现代科学，而不是指古代科学。第20空所在句子对伽利略的总评中的核心信息“led to all the discoveries of modern science”亦是提示。
6．A.date B．keep
C．look D．take
答案：A date back to “追溯到……”。
7．A.study B．time
C．year D．birth
答案：B time此处指“时代，时期”。
8．A.both B．each
C．between D．among
答案：C 此句应指生活在这1214年和1292年之间的，而不是生活在这两年。
9．A.schools B．ages
C．days D．countries
答案：B ages “时代”，the middle ages指“中世纪”。
10．A.in B．with
C．on D．by
答案：D 通过观察，做实验来学科学。by可表示通过某种手段。
11．A.did B．made
C．took D．gave
答案：B make a discovery “做出发现”。
12．A.that B．when
C．who D．where
答案：C 此句是一个定语从句，修饰前面的great men。
13．A.ways B．degrees
C．levels D．chance
答案：B by degrees＝gradually “逐渐地”。
14．A.truths B．problems
C．people D．subjects
答案：A 通过观察、实验来发现真理(truth)，而不是问题。
15．A.heavily B．slowly
C．lightly D．rapidly
答案：D 伽利略之前的科学家认为大物体总比小物体下落快，而这后来被伽利略证明是错误的观点。
16．A.although B．because
C．when D．if
答案：B 大物体总比小物体下落快，这是亚里士多德的观点，亚里士多德是伽利略之前的一位伟大的科学家，当时人们都把他当作权威。
17．A.place B．foot
C．top D．ceiling
答案：C 根据关键信息“going to”，“let fall”及科学常识可知，伽利略爬到斜塔的顶端。
18．A.big B．small
C．equal D．unequal
答案：D 为了做实验来验证亚里士多德的观点，伽利略到比萨斜塔的顶部，抛下两个体积不等的石块。
19．A.spirits B．skill
C．theory D．discovery
答案：A 正是伽利略这种直接走向大自然的精神，通过实验来证明我们的观点和理论，才促成了现代科学的重大发现。
20．A.plans B．world
C．opinions D．ability
答案：C 通过实验来证明观点和理论。
Ⅲ.短文改错
It was a brightly Sunday morning. Jim and Lily were excited so their father had bought a new house in the city center. After three months of decorate, the family was ready to move out the new house. The family was satisfying with the design of it. The walls painted blue. When Jim saw his new bed, he couldn't help shout with joy and started to jump on it. Lily put her books in the order when her mother was carefully cleaning the house. After dinner, the family go to bed, tired and content.
答案：
It was a Sunday morning. Jim and Lily were excited their father had bought a new house in the city center. After three months of ， the family was ready to move the new house. The family was with the design of it. The walls painted blue. When Jim saw his new bed, he couldn't help with joy and started to jump on it. Lily put her books in eq \o(,\s\do14(⑧)) order when her mother was carefully cleaning the house. After dinner, the family to bed, tired content.
难项分析：
第二处：so→because 考查连词。由句意可知此句应表原因而非结果，因此用because。
第五处：satisfying→satisfied 考查固定短语。be satisfied with为固定短语，意为“对……感到满意”。
第十处：and→but 考查连词。tired but content “很累但是心满意足”，此处表转折，因此用but，不用and。
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Section Ⅰ Pre?reading (Warming Up & Reading)
课前预习自测
课堂合作探究
课文预学检测
课后演练提能
HJ
目
Section Ⅱ The Language Points of Reading
课前重点检测
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1．defeat (vt.) 打败；战胜；使受挫 (n.) 失败
2．handle (n.) 柄；把手 (vt.) 处理；操纵
3．blame (vt.) 责备；谴责 (n.) 过失；责备
4．suspect (vt.) 认为；怀疑 (n.) 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯
5．conclude (vt.& vi.) 结束；推断出→ conclusion (n.) 结论；结束
6．attend (vt.) 照顾；护理；出席；参加→attendance (n.) 出席；到场；看护；照料
7．expose (vt.) 暴露；揭露；使曝光→exposure (n.) 暴露；关注；体验；揭发
8．announce (vt.) 宣布；通告→announcement (n.) 宣布；通告
9．instruct (vt.) 命令；指示；教导→instruction (n.) 命令；指示
10．expert (n.) 专家；行家 (adj.) 熟练的；经验或知识丰富的
11．pollute (vt.) 污染；弄脏→pollution (n.) 污染
12．challenge (n.) 挑战→challenging (adj.) 富有/具有挑战性的
13．physician (n.) 医生；内科医师→physics (n.) 物理→ physicist (n.) 物理学家→ physical (adj.) 身体的；肉体的
14．absorb (vt.) 吸收；吸引；使专心→ absorbed (adj.) 专心致志的
15．put_forward 提出
16．draw_a_conclusion 得出结论
17．expose ... to 暴露于；使处于……的影响之下；使受到……
18．be_to_blame 应受责备；应负责
19．link ... to 将……和……联系
20．look_into 调查；审查
Ⅱ.教材原句
1．Neither its cause ________ its cure was understood.
答案：nor
2．It seemed that the water __________ (blame)．
答案：was to blame
3．He found that it came from the river ________ (pollute) by the dirty water from London.
答案：polluted
4．A woman, ________ had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it ________ (deliver) to her house every day.
答案：who; delivered
5．________ (prevent) this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies __________ (examine)．
答案：To prevent; be examined
6．The water companies were instructed not to expose people ________ polluted water any more.
答案：to
课堂分段精讲
[第1段]
1．John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”(教材P2)
约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”
?defeat vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫 n. 失败
①He defeated his competitor with difficulty and won the champion at the school sports meet.
在校运会上，他艰难地战胜了他的对手，获得了冠军。
②We didn't consider the possibility of defeat.
我们没有考虑失败的可能性。
辨析：defeat, beat, win
③He has been soundly defeated at chess.
他在国际象棋比赛中一败涂地。
④If we don't prepare for the speech contest, they will beat us.
如果这场演讲比赛我们不做好准备的话，他们就会打败我们。
⑤Hemingway once won the Nobel Prize for literature.
海明威曾获得诺贝尔文学奖。
【即景活用】
(1)单句改错
How will you win him in such a close game?
__________________________________________________________________
答案：win→beat/defeat
(2)选词填空(win, beat, defeat)
①—Did he ________ the match?
—Certainly. No one can ________ him.
②At the school sports meet, my class ________ Class 3 and ________ the basketball match.
答案：①win; defeat/beat ②beat/defeated; won
2．John Snow was a famous doctor in London—so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.(教材P2)
约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。
?so ... that ... “如此……以至于……”
[剖析] so ... that ... 意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，此结构中so为副词，后面跟形容词或副词。
①Usually, it's so crowded on the bus that I can't find anywhere to sit.
通常，公共汽车上太拥挤，我找不到坐的地方。
②This is so_interesting_a_book/such_an_interesting_book_that we all enjoy reading it.
这本书非常有趣，我们都喜欢看。
③He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him.
他取得了如此大的进步，以至于老师们对他很满意。
④So good a teacher/Such a good teacher is she that we all love her.
她是一位如此好的老师，以致我们都很爱她。
【即景活用1】
(1)选词填空(so ... that, such ... that)
①I was ________ sleepy ________ I could hardly keep my eyes open.
②It was ________ a hot day ________ nobody wanted to go out.
③You can't imagine ________ little birds can eat ________ many insects in ________ a short time.
答案：①so; that ②such; that ③such; so; such
(2)句型转换
①He was so smart that he thought of a way to solve the problem.(改为倒装句)
________ smart __________ that he thought of a way to solve the problem.
②So good a house is it that we have decided to buy it.(改为同义句)
________________ a good house that we have decided to buy it.
答案：①So; was he ②It is such
?attend vt. 照顾；护理；出席；参加
①The patients are well attended in the hospital.
病人在医院被照顾得很好。
②Attend_to your study and stop talking.
专心学习，不要说话。
③She was invited to the party but she didn't attend it.
她被邀请参加那次聚会，但她没参加。
④(2017·北京高考)Later, when Hannah attended school, she saw another homeless person.
后来当Hannah上学时，她看到了另一个无家可归的人。
【即景活用2】
单句写作
①He offered to go and ________________________.
他主动提出来去处理这件事。
②(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I have just found that I have to ________________________ that afternoon.
我刚发现那天下午我必须出席一个重要的班会。
答案：①attend to the matter ②attend an important class meeting
3．But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.(教材P2)
但当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，就感到很受鼓舞。
?expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光
①We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible.
我们想让孩子们受到尽可能多的艺术和文化熏陶。
②Being_exposed_to strong sunlight will do harm to your skin.
暴露在强烈日光下会对你的皮肤有害。
③The merchant was_exposed as a liar.
这个商人说谎的真面目被揭穿了。
【即景活用】
(1)单句语法填空
①Keep indoors and don't expose your skin ________ the sun.
②Children, when ________ (expose) to an English?speaking atmosphere, will pick up the language much more easily.
答案：①to ②exposed
(2)单句写作
①Young people may risk going deaf if they ____________________ (接触) very loud music every day.
②Travelling abroad ____________________ (使孩子们接触到) different languages and cultures.
答案：①are exposed to ②exposes children to
4．Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.(教材P2)
人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
?neither ... nor ... “既不……也不……”
[剖析] 此处neither ... nor ... 连接并列主语。
①He did his job neither_well_nor_quickly.
他工作做得既不好也不快。
②Neither Ann nor I am interested in high finance.
安娜和我对巨额融资都不感兴趣。
③Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。
名师点津
neither ... nor ... 连接两个分句且neither和nor皆位于句首时，neither和nor引导的分句均需倒装。
④Neither has he watched this film, nor will he read the review about it.
他不但没看过这部电影，而且也不会读关于这部电影的评论。
【即景活用1】
单句语法填空
①Neither his parents nor he ________ (visit) his grandparents so far this month.
②Not only the students but also the teacher ________ (be) interested in playing football.
③Not I but my brother ________ (be) there already.
④Either the principal or his assistants ________ (be) to attend the meeting.
答案：①has visited ②is ③has been ④are
?cure n. [C] 治愈；痊愈；疗法 vt. 治愈；治疗；改掉(坏习惯)
①Is there a certain cure_for cancer yet?
癌症迄今有有效的治疗方法吗？
②She tried every means to cure_her_child_of_the_bad_habit.
她想尽一切办法试图改掉她孩子的这个恶习。
【即景活用2】
单句写作
①The fresh air and exercise __________________ (治好了) his sleeplessness, which made him feel relief.
②Scientists have been searching for ____________ (治疗……的方法) cancers, but none has worked well.
答案：①cured him of ②cures for
5．So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak.(教材P2)
每次霍乱暴发时，就有成千上万惊恐的老百姓病死。
?every time 每次
[剖析] 本句中的名词短语every time用作连词，引导时间状语从句，其作用相当于从属连词引导的状语从句。
①(2016·浙江高考)Every_time he arrived home at the end of the day, we'd greet him at the door.
每次他傍晚回到家，我们都会在门口迎接他。
②You will see your brother next_time you come.
你下次来时就会见到你兄弟。
③I recognized you the_instant/moment/minute I saw you.
我一见到你就认出了你。
④The_winter Betty was at the age of 12, her family moved to the new city.
贝蒂12岁那年的冬天，她家搬迁到了这座新城市。
名师点津
副词immediately, instantly, directly，也可在句中起连词作用，引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”。
⑤You must show the gentleman in immediately he comes.
这位绅士一来，你就带他进来。
【即景活用】
单句写作
① ______________ I ring her, the phone is engaged.
我每次给她打电话，电话都占线。
② ______________ I left for Shanghai, they all went to see me off at the airport.
我去上海的那天，他们都去机场送我了。
③_________________ you take part in a race, it is very normal to feel tense.
第一次参加比赛时，你感到紧张是很正常的。
答案：①Every/Each time ②The day ③The first time
6．John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem.(教材P2)
约翰·斯诺想面对这个挑战，解决这个问题。
?challenge n. 挑战 vt. 向……挑战
①Exploring outer space is a_challenge_to mankind.
探索外太空对人类来说是一项挑战。
②I want to challenge_him to have a game of basketball.
我想向他挑战打一场篮球赛。
③He threw a challenging glance around the table.
他用挑战的目光向桌子四周扫视了一圈。
名师点津
向某人挑战
【即景活用】
单句写作
①He himself says he will ________________ bravely.
他自己说他会勇敢地面对挑战。
②(2017·江苏高考)Many Chinese brands, having developed their reputations over centuries, ____________________ from the modern market.
很多享有几百年盛誉的中国品牌，现在正面临着来自现代市场的新挑战。
答案：①face the challenge ②are facing new challenges
[第2段]
7．The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.(教材P2)
第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。
?absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心
①This storybook absorbed the little girl's attention.
这本故事书吸引了那个小女孩的注意力。
②The policeman sat on the ground and was_absorbed_in reading the newspapers.
那个警察坐在地上专心看报纸。
③The surrounding towns have_been_absorbed_by/into the city.
周围各镇已并入该市。
名师点津
be absorbed in (doing) sth. 结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式absorbed in ...。类似的结构还有：
be lost in ... 陷入……；专心致志于……
be caught in ... 被困在……
be buried in ... 埋头于……
be devoted to ... 致力于……；专心于……
【即景活用】
单句写作
①The girl ____________________ (全神贯注于) analysing data when the manager entered the office.
②________________________ (专注于她的小说), she didn't notice it was already dark.
答案：①absorbed herself in/was absorbed in ②Absorbed in her novel
[第3段]
8．John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.(教材P2)
约翰·斯诺认为第二种理论是正确的，但他需要证据。
?suspect vt. 怀疑；认为 n．被怀疑者；嫌疑犯
①The police took the suspect to the police station.
警察把这个嫌疑犯带到了警察局。
②I suspect him of_stealing the money.
我怀疑他偷了那笔钱。
③The policeman suspected the thief of lying.
那个警察怀疑小偷撒谎。
④I suspect him to_be a pickpocket.
我怀疑他是个扒手。
名师点津
与suspect相关的单词有：
①criminal 罪犯 ②murderer 杀人犯
③robber 劫匪；强盗 ④thief 小偷
⑤kidnapper 绑匪
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①Nobody wants to make friends with the boy ________ (suspect) of having stolen the money.
②The police suspected ________ the witness had given false evidence.
③From the look on his face, I suspect him ________ (be) ill.
答案：①suspected ②that ③to be
[第4段]
9．It seemed that the water was to blame.(教材P2)
看来水是罪魁祸首。
?blame vt. 责备；谴责；把……归咎于
①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put_the_blame_on the alarm clock.
很多人发现早上起来很难，把责任推到闹钟上。
②She didn't blame_anyone_for her father's death.
她没把她父亲的死归罪于任何人。
③You shouldn't blame the failure of their marriage on him.
你们不应该把他们失败的婚姻怪在他头上。
④The team was defeated last Sunday. The fans thought the coach was_to_blame.
上周日这个队被击败了，球迷们认为都是教练的过错。
【即景活用】
单句改错
①It is he not you that is to be blame.
__________________________________________________________________
②The police blamed the traffic accident for Jack's careless driving.
__________________________________________________________________
答案：①删去be ②for→on
[第6段]
10．In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.(教材P3)
在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街爆发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中又发现了有力证据。
?link vt.& n. 连接；联系
①The new tunnel links Britain to France.
新的隧道把英法两国连接起来。
②If the “Belt and Road” are_linked_to the two wings of a soaring Asia, then connectivity is like their arteries and veins.
如果将“一带一路”比喻为亚洲腾飞的两只翅膀，那么互联互通就是两只翅膀的血脉经络。
③One link broken, the whole chain is broken.
[谚语]一环脱，全链断。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①The highway links Tianjin ________ Beijing.
②These two accidents are closely ________ (link)．
答案：①to/with ②linked
11．With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the germs.(教材P3)
有了这个额外的证据，约翰·斯诺就能够肯定地宣布，这种被污染了的水携带着病菌。
?announce vt. 宣布；宣告(决定、计划等)；(尤指通过广播)通知
①It is wise to announce the news to the public.
把这则消息告知公众是明智的。
②Many video websites announced_that viewers can see movies for free in exchange for watching advertisements.
很多视频网站宣称观众可以免费看电影作为看广告的交换。
③It_was_announced_that Huawei 5G transport network key technologies have passed EANTC testing.
据宣布华为5G网络传输关键技术通过EANTC测试。
名师点津
动词announce后不跟双宾语，表示“向某人宣布某事”时应该说announce sth. to sb.或announce to sb. sth.。类似用法的单词还有：suggest, explain, report等。
【即景活用】
单句写作
①____________________ new speed restrictions would be introduced.
据宣布，即将推出新的车速限制。
②The ________ made an ________ that all the details should be ________ through the broadcast.
广播员宣布所有的消息都应通过广播公布出来。
答案：①It was announced that ②announcer; announcement; announced
[第7段]
12．To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.(教材P3)
为了防止这种情况的再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。
[剖析] suggest表示“建议”，后面跟的宾语从句的谓语需用“(should＋)动词原形”，表示虚拟。有此用法的动词还有：order, insist, demand, require, desire, command, propose, request等。
①I suggest_our_buying Huawei smartphones.
我建议我们买华为智能手机。
②She suggested a new teaching method to us.
她向我们建议了一种新的教学方法。
③She suggested_that we (should) have lunch at the new restaurant.
她建议我们在那家新开的餐馆吃午餐。
④It_is_suggested_that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.
有人建议把会议推迟到下个星期。
名师点津
(1)suggest后不接双宾语，可表达为suggest sth. to sb.或suggest to sb. that ...。
(2)suggest后接动词时，要用动词的?ing形式，不接不定式。
(3)suggestion表示“建议”时，其后的表语从句、同位语从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①—How do you suggest we ________ (go) to Beijing for our holidays?
—I think we'd better fly there. It's much more comfortable.
②Jane's pale face suggested that she ________ (be) ill, and her parents suggested that she ________ (have) a medical examination.
③The parents suggested ________ (sleep) in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.
答案：①(should) go ②was; (should) have ③sleeping
课后演练提能
课后演练一
Ⅰ.完形填空
When Heather McHugh, a poet, won a $500,000 “genius grant” from the MacArthur Foundation, she didn't buy a luxurious car or fly to Paris. __1__， she put the money in the bank and __2__ writing poems.
In 2011, she finally __3__ what to do with it. That year, Heather's godson and his wife __4__ their first child, a beautiful baby girl but severely disabled. “I saw how people's __5__ can change overnight. I started thinking about people in a __6__ situation，” says Heather.
She __7__ there were millions of caregivers taking care of the chronically (慢性地) ill or disabled. So in 2012, Heather __8__ a non?profit organization offering a seven?day vacation, with all __9__ paid, to people who have been caregivers for at least ten years.
Tricia was one of the first caregivers to go on vacation. When Tricia got a call saying she was offered a __10__ vacation, she couldn't __11__ it; disbelief even __12__ her concern about leaving her two kids.
Tricia went, and her favorite parts of the trip were to enjoy his __13__ things. “I got to eat hot food hot and cold food cold. I could go to bed when I wanted to and wake up whenever I chose to，” says Tricia. She was afraid the __14__ would return when the __15__ was over, but to her surprise, it hasn't been back since.
Heather says Tricia's __16__ resembles those of the other ten caregivers she helps every year. “Before the vacation they are so __17__， but the __18__ is so amazing. They reflect and relax. It feels __19__ like another world and gives them a chance to see their lives from another __20__，” she adds.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。Heather McHugh利用自己的五十万美元奖金建立非营利组织，为照顾慢性病患者和残疾人的护理员提供免费休假，让他们到新的环境中，从不一样的角度来看待他们的人生。
1．A.However B．Therefore
C．Instead D．Besides
答案：C 根据空处前一句中的“she didn't buy a luxurious car or fly to Paris”可知，在获得了五十万美元的奖金后，她并没有购买汽车或去旅游；结合该句中的“she put the money in the bank”可知，反而，她将这些钱存入银行。C项意为“而是，反而”，符合语境。
2．A.continued B．quitted
C．practiced D．started
答案：A 根据前一句中的“a poet”，再结合该句中的“she put the money in the bank and __2__ writing poems”可知，她(这位诗人)获奖后，将奖金存进银行，继续(continued)写作。
3．A.thought over B．wondered
C．talked about D．decided
答案：D 根据下文中的“Heather __8__ a non?profit organization offering a seven?day vacation”可知，此处表示在2011年，她终于决定如何使用这笔钱。decide “决定”符合语境。
4．A.held B．welcomed
C．lost D．saved
答案：B Heather的教子和他的妻子迎来了他们的第一个孩子，那是一个漂亮的女婴，但是有严重的残疾。welcome “迎接”符合语境。
5．A.feelings B．future
C．lives D．routine
答案：C 根据语境，并结合上文中提到的Heather的教子和他的妻子生下了一个残疾的女婴可知，Heather看到了人的生活(lives)是如何在一夜之间发生改变的。
6．A.different B．similar
C．worse D．better
答案：B 根据上文提到的Heather的教子和他的妻子生下了一个残疾女婴并且Heather看到了人的生活是如何在一夜之间发生改变的可知，Heather开始关注那些有相似(similar)境遇的人。
7．A.discovered B．claimed
C．admitted D．felt
答案：A 她发现有数百万照顾慢性病患者和残疾人的护理员。discover “发现”符合语境。
8．A.donated B．found
C．visited D．formed
答案：D 因此Heather在2012年建立了一个非营利组织，为那些成为护理员至少十年的人提供七天免费休假。form “建立，组成”符合语境。
9．A.taxes B．salary
C．expenses D．rent
答案：C 该组织是非营利性质的，为护理员们提供免费假期，故护理员们不需要承担任何费用(expenses)。tax “税”；salary “薪水”；rent “租金”；expense “花费”符合语境。
10．A.free B．caring
C．short D．long
答案：A 由上文所述该组织可知，这个假期是免费的。free “免费的”。
11．A.believe B．take
C．refuse D．enjoy
答案：A 根据空后的“disbelief”可知，Tricia不相信她获得了免费休假。A项意为“相信”，符合语境。
12．A.woke B．defeated
C．showed D．moved
答案：B 根据下一段中的“Tricia went, and her favorite parts of the trip were to enjoy”可知，Tricia接受了免费休假这件事情，由此可知，她对免费休假的向往打败(defeated)了对于留下孩子们的担忧。
13．A.wonderful B．delicious
C．peaceful D．simple
答案：D 根据空后的“I got to eat hot food hot and cold food cold. I could go to bed when I wanted to and wake up whenever I chose to”可知，Tricia在度假时所做的事情都是很普通、很简单的(simple)事情。
14．A.heaviness B．pain
C．sadness D．disbelief
答案：A 她担心度假结束后，自己的生活会回归以前的沉闷，但出乎她意料的是后来的生活并没有回到从前。根据上文可知，Tricia是一个护理员，平时的工作都是照顾病人，生活少有放松的时候，故heaviness “沉闷”符合语境。
15．A.entertainment B．dream
C．vacation D．freedom
答案：C 根据第四段第一句“Tricia was one of the first caregivers to go on vacation.”可知选C。
16．A.comment B．story
C．surprise D．fortune
答案：B 上文讲述的是Tricia享受免费休假的故事，故B项story “故事”符合语境。
17．A.worried B．confused
C．unexpected D．stressed
答案：D 根据上文提到的Tricia担心度假结束后自己的生活会回归以前的沉闷可知，D项“stressed”符合语境。
18．A.award B．change
C．scenery D．accommodation
答案：B 根据上文可知，其他看护人员和Tricia一样，在度假前他们的生活较为沉闷；结合后一句“They reflect and relax.”可知，在度假之后，他们变得很放松。据此可知，这样的改变令人惊讶。change意为“改变”，符合语境，故B项正确。
19．A.slightly B．interestingly
C．magically D．mostly
答案：C 这神奇地(magically)像是另外一个世界，并且给了他们一个从另一个角度看待他们的生活的机会。magically “魔法般地”符合语境。
20．A.place B．situation
C．height D．angle
答案：D 由第17空所在的句子可知，护理员们免费度假后，对生活的看法有了明显的改变，即他们都能从另一个角度(angle)来看待自己的人生。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
Albert Einstein was probably the most famous scientist of the twentieth century. He changed scientific thinking in the modern world. He is generally considered as the greatest physicist who ever lived. What's more, he devoted a lot of his time and energy to working for human rights and progress.
In 1933, while Einstein was visiting England and the United States, the Nazi government of Germany took all his things away, including his position and his citizenship. Einstein then settled down in the United States. In 1939, Einstein, who loved peace—afraid of a world in which only Hitler would have an atomic bomb—tried hard to persuade President Franklin D．Roosevelt in a famous letter to have the United States start uranium research. That Germany, after all， had no bomb, and that the first bomb would fall on Japan, could not have been expected. After the war, Einstein never stopped working for peace and reducing the number of soldiers in the world.
Although he wasn't connected with any accepted religion， Einstein felt that trust in a personal God was too special an idea to be suitable to the God at work in this universe, but he never believed that the universe was one of chance or disorder. The universe to him was one of pure law and order.He once said, “God may know everything，but he is not hateful.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇人物介绍。Albert Einstein不仅是一位伟大的科学家，他还致力于为人权和进步而工作。
1．From the passage we know that ________.
A．no scientist is as great as Albert Einstein during this century
B．Albert Einstein was likely to be the greatest scientist of his time
C．Albert Einstein made the first atomic bomb for the United States of America
D．Albert Einstein gave up his German citizenship for political reasons
答案：B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句话可知，B项正确；A项过于绝对；根据文章第二段中的“In 1939, Einstein, who loved peace ... States start uranium research.”可知，Einstein只是建议美国研究原子弹，并没有帮美国制造；D项文中未提到。
2．If Einstein had known that Hitler had no atomic bomb and that the first atomic bomb would fall on Japan, he would ________.
A．have continued his scientific research
B．have won another Nobel Prize for physics
C．not have advised starting uranium research in the USA
D．not have moved to the USA
答案：C 推理判断题。文章中讲到Einstein是一位热爱和平的科学家，所以，如果他知道当时的纳粹德国没有原子弹，且第一颗原子弹会投向日本的话，一定不会建议美国开始原子武器的研究。
3．Einstein ________ in 1933.
A．visited England and the USA
B．lost everything
C．became a man without a country
D．both A and C
答案：D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句话可知答案选D。
4．Einstein believed that everything in the universe ________.
A．was kept in order by its own law
B．had nothing to do with each other
C．happened in an irregular way
D．was made by the personal God
答案：A 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“The universe to him was one of pure law and order.”可知，他认为宇宙并不是杂乱无序的，而是有自己的法则的。
1．citizenship n. 公民身份 2.uranium n. 铀
3．religion n. 宗教信仰
4．disorder n. 无秩序 vt. 使混乱
1．be considered as 被认为/看作是……
2．devote ... to doing ... 致力于做……
3．after all 毕竟
B
Sir John Gurdon, a British scientist, who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012, said he had predicted at the time of his frog experiments that the successful cloning of a mammal would happen within 50 years, and that “maybe the same answer is appropriate” for the step to human cloning. Parents who lose children in accidents may be able to clone “copies” to replace them then.
Although any attempt to clone an entire human would raise complex moral issues, the biologist claimed people would soon overcome their concerns if the technique became medically useful. Cloning was regarded with extreme doubts when it was first developed but became widely accepted after the birth of Louise Brown, the first “test?tube baby”. He said, “When my first frog experiments were done, an American reporter asked how long it would be before these things could be done in mammals or humans. I said, ‘Well, it could be anytime between 10 years and 100 years—how about 50 years？’ It turned out that it wasn't far off the mark as far as Dolly was concerned. Maybe the same answer is appropriate.” Sir John added that cloning a human effectively means making an identical twin, and doctors would therefore simply be “copying what nature has already produced”．
The average vote on allowing parents of deceased children, who are no longer fertile (能生育的), to create another by using the mother's eggs and skin cells from the first child, thinking the technique was safe and effective, is 60 percent in favor. The reasons for “no” are usually that the new children would feel they are some sort of replacements for something.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主、英国科学家约翰·格登爵士称，那些在事故中失去子女的父母将能在未来50年内借助克隆技术，让他们的子女得到“重生”。
5．Sir John predicted the human cloning would be a reality in ________ at most.
A．about 100 years B．about 60 years
C．about 50 years D．about 10 years
答案：C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段可知，格登爵士预测，在未来50年内，那些在事故中失去孩子的父母将有可能通过克隆技术得到孩子的“复制品”。故选C项。
6．Which statement can't be concluded from the text?
A．Louise Brown is the first “test?tube baby”．
B．Human cloning is still a controversial topic.
C．Sir John is positive about the future of human cloning.
D．Human cloning is creating something that didn't exist before.
答案：D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“after the birth of Louise Brown, the first ‘test?tube baby’”可排除A项；文章尾段说明赞成者占6成，故排除B项；根据第二段中格登爵士的话可知，他对克隆人充满了希望，故排除C项；根据第二段的尾句可知，D项切题。
7．The underlined word “identical” probably means “________”．
A．same B．special
C．new D．clear
答案：A 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“twin”和文中的“doctors would therefore simply be ‘copying what nature has already produced’”可知，画线词意为“相同的，相似的”，故A项正确。
8．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A．most people cast doubt on John's experiments
B．human cloning is and will be only a dream
C．few children love to be cloned in the future
D．human cloning may be realized someday
答案：D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段的第一句可知，虽然克隆人类的尝试将引起复杂的道德问题，但是生物学家声称如果克隆技术变得有医学价值，人们很快就会消除他们的担心，因此可推断D项正确。
1．cloning n. 克隆，无性繁殖
2．mammal n. 哺乳动物
3．appropriate adj. 合适的，恰当的
4．complex adj. 复杂的
1．turn out 证明是；结果是
2．as far as sb./sth. be concerned 就某人/某事物而言
3．in favour 赞成
课后演练二
[基础题]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We were d________ 0?1 in the football game, which made us very upset.
答案：defeated
2．As one of China's most famous p________， Mr Zhong was strongly against the idea.
答案：physicians
3．I think you are too s________ on the students.
答案：severe
4．I turned the h________ and found the door was open.
答案：handle
5．We couldn't f________ what would happen in the future.
答案：foresee
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．(2017·天津高考)That year, I ________ (attend) a seminar where we were asked to create a project that would touch the world.
答案：attended
2．Studies show that students often ________ (expose) to too much pressure tend to develop mental problems.
答案：exposed
3．________ (suspect) the traveller of carrying drugs, the Customs official stopped him and went through his suitcase.
答案：Suspecting
4．Try tennis, badminton, or windsurfing. In short, anything ________ (challenge)．
答案：challenging
5．It ________ (announce) that there'll be a celebration on the National Day.
答案：is announced
6．I tried to follow the ________ (instruct), but I got confused.
答案：instruction
7．Many children fell ill because of having drunk the water ________ (pollute) by the chemical factory.
答案：polluted
8．The doctor always tries his best to cure his patients ________ the diseases so that he is respected.
答案：of
9．________ (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.
答案：Blamed
10．The aircraft was so ________ (severe) damaged that no passengers aboard survived.
答案：severely
[能力题]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Imagine you're standing in line to buy an after?school snack at a store. You step up to the counter and the cashier scans your food. Next, you have to pay. But instead of scanning a QR code (二维码) with your smartphone, you just hold out your hand so the cashier can scan your fingerprint. Or, a camera scans your face, your eyes or even your ears.
Now, this type of technology might not be far away. As technology companies move away from the traditional password, biometric (生物特征识别的) security, which includes fingerprint, face and voice ID, is becoming increasingly popular.
In 2013, Apple introduced the iPhone 5s, one of the first smartphones with a fingerprint scanner. Since then, using one's fingerprint to unlock a phone and make mobile payments has become commonplace, bringing convenience to our lives. And since last year, Samsung has featured eye scanning technology in its top smartphones, while Apple's new iPhone X can even scan a user's face. But despite its popularity, experts warn that biometrics might not be as secure as we'd imagined. “Biometrics are ideally good, but in practice, not so much，” said John Michener, a biometrics expert.
When introducing the new iPhone's Face ID feature, Phil Schiller, Apple's senior vice president, said, “The chance that a random person in the population could look at your iPhone X and unlock it with their face is about one in a million.” But it's already been done. In a video posted on community website Reddi, two brothers showed how they were each able to unlock the same iPhone X using their own face. And they aren't even twins.
“We may expect too much from biometrics，” Anil K. Jain, a computer science professor at Michigan State University, told CBS News. “No security systems are perfect.”
Earlier this year, Jain found a way to trick biometric security. Using a printed copy of a thumbprint, he was able to unlock a dead person's smartphone for the police. “It's good to see biometrics being used more，” Jain told CBS News, “because it adds another factor for security. But using multiple security measures is the best defense.”
1．What is the latest technology to unlock a smartphone according to the article?
A．QR code scanning. B．Face scanning.
C．Fingerprint scanning. D．Eye scanning.
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“And since last year, Samsung has featured eye scanning technology in its top smartphones, while Apple's new iPhone X can even scan a suer's face.”可知，最新的手机解锁技术是人脸识别。
2．What does Anil K. Jain think of biometric security?
A．It's as secure as traditional measures.
B．It has caused much trouble for the police.
C．It should be used with other security measures.
D．It is perfect without any room for improvement.
答案：C 推理判断题。根据第六段中的“‘It's good to see biometrics being used more，’ Jain told CBS News, ‘because it adds another factor for security. But using multiple security measures is the best defense.’”可推知，Anil K. Jain认为生物识别安全系统应该与其他安全措施一起使用。
3．The author wrote this article mainly to ________.
A．describe the popularity of biometrics
B．show how biometrics has changed our lives
C．point out various problems with biometrics
D．discuss the security problems of biometrics
答案：D 推理判断题。通读全文，结合文章给出的人脸识别系统的安全问题及最后一段“Earlier this year, Jain found a way to trick biometric security ... ‘because it adds another factor for security. But using multiple security measures is the best defense.’”可知，本文主要讨论的是生物识别的安全问题。
B
John von Neumann was the oldest of 3 children of an banker, and his speed of learning new ideas and solving problems stood out early. At 17, his father tried to persuade him not to become a mathematician because he may lead a poor life being a mathematician, and so von Neumann agreed to study chemistry as well. In 1926, at 23, he received a degree in chemical engineering and a PhD in mathematics. From then on, mathematics provided well enough for him, and he never had to turn to chemistry.
In 1930, von Neumann visited Princeton University for a year and then became a professor there. His first book was published in 1932. In 1933, the Institute for Advanced Study was formed, and he became one of the 6 full?time people in the School of Mathematics(Einstein was one of the others)．
World War Ⅱ hugely changed von Neumann's areas of interest. Until 1940 he had been a great pure mathematician. During and after the war, he became one of the best mathematicians who put mathematics theories into practice. During the last part of the war he became interested in computing machines and made several fundamental contributions. After the war, von Neumann continued his work with computers, and was generally very active in government service. He received many awards, was president of the American Mathematical Society and was a member of the Atomic Energy Commission. He died in 1957 of cancer.
Von Neumann made several great contributions and any one of them would have been enough to earn him a firm place in history. He will be remembered as one of the greatest minds of the 20th century.
Von Neumann really was a legend in his own time, and there are a number of stories about him. His driving ability is a part of his legend. He reported one accident this way: “I was driving down the road. The trees on the right were passing me in an orderly fashion at 60 miles per hour. Suddenly one of them stepped in my path.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇人物介绍。文章介绍了美籍匈牙利人，物理学家、数学家、发明家、现代电子计算机之父——约翰·冯·诺依曼。他对人类社会作出了重大的贡献，而且他制定的计算机工作原理直到现在还被各种电脑使用着。
4．According to the text, von Neumann's father believed that ________.
A．a mathematician couldn't earn a lot of money
B．a mathematician needed a good memory
C．von Neumann had the ability to learn two subjects at the same time
D．von Neumann had the gift for solving problems at a high speed
答案：A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“his father tried to persuade him not to become a mathematician because he may lead a poor life being a mathematician”可知，他父亲认为做数学家会生活得很贫穷，所以A项正确。
5．Von Neumann published his first book at the age of ________.
A．23 B．26 C．29 D．32
答案：C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“In 1926, at 23, he received a degree in chemical engineering”可知他出生在1903年，然后由第二段中的“His first book was published in 1932.”可以计算出他第一本书出版时是在他29岁时，所以答案选C。
6．How did World War Ⅱ affect John von Neumann?
A．He realized the importance of engineering.
B．He began to research how to put mathematics into practice.
C．He left college and served at the government department.
D．He lost interest in chemistry.
答案：B 细节理解题。由文章第三段中的“During and after the war, he became one of the best mathematicians who put mathematics theories into practice.”可知在战争期间他开始把数学理论应用于实践，所以B项正确。
7．What can we conclude about von Neumann based on the text?
A．He had three children.
B．He died from an accident.
C．He received many rewards in his life.
D．He and Einstein were classmates in Princeton University.
答案：C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“He received many awards”可知C项正确。
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2019·甘肃省静宁一中高三一模)While your teen may get by OK by waiting until the last possible second to complete his high school science experiment or his math project, procrastination (拖延症) can be a big problem later in life. Your teen's future boss or college professors aren't likely to accept late work—or the excuses that accompany delayed projects. __1__ That means managing his time wisely without requiring constant reminders of assistance from you to get his work done. Here are some steps you can take to teach your teen essential time management skills：
__2__ If you're always running late or you miss a lot of deadlines, your teen will follow suit. Practice managing your own time wisely and show your teen that you can accomplish the most important tasks in any given day.
Encourage your teen to write down his schedule. Your teen's time may easily get taken up with video games or social media if he's not careful. Teach him to schedule his day so he can set aside time for chores, homework, and other responsibilities. __3__ Then, time doesn't idly pass without feeling like he hasn't done anything fun.
Help your teen prioritize (为……确定优先顺序) activities. __4__A basketball game and birthday party may coincide. Talk to your teen about how to prioritize activities, based on his values and commitments.
Avoid nagging (唠叨). It can be annoying to nag your teen or offer repeat reminders __5__ Set rules about your expectations and follow through with consequences when necessary. Then, your teen will learn to manage his time better in the future.
A．Model good time management habits.
B．Encourage him to schedule free time as well.
C．Encourage your teen to establish healthy habits.
D．It's common for teens to have conflicts in their schedules.
E．It's important to teach your teen how to behave responsibly.
F．As a result, many of them have to learn how to manage their time repeatedly.
G．and telling your teen to do his work over and over again reduces his responsibility.
1．E 根据下句“That means managing his time wisely without requiring constant reminders of assistance from you to get his work done.”可知，那就意味着不需要父母的经常提醒就能够很好地管理好时间，从而完成任务，E选项(教会孩子对自己的行为负责很重要。)与下句中的That呼应，故选E。
2．A 观察本文结构可知，本空为本段的小标题，根据本段中“If you're always running late or you miss a lot of deadlines, your teen will follow suit.”可知，本段主要讲述父母要为孩子树立榜样，故A选项符合语境。
3．B 根据本空下一句“Then, time doesn't idly pass without feeling like he hasn't done anything fun.”可知，不会让孩子感觉自己没有做一些有趣的事情，所以B选项(鼓励孩子也要安排空闲时间。)与之呼应，故选B。
4．D 根据本空后一句“A basketball game and birthday party may coincide.”可知，在孩子们的计划中，时间冲突很常见，所以D项符合语境，故选D。
5．G 根据本段小标题Avoid nagging (唠叨)．可知，本段主要阐述父母唠叨对孩子有效地管理时间和培养责任意识的不利影响，故选G项。
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课前重点检测
课堂分段精讲
课后演练提能
Section Ⅲ Grammar——过去分词作定语和表语
课前语法感知
Ⅰ.教材语法感知
教材原句
①With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the germs.
②From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.
③So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
④He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.
⑤But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
⑥Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused.
探究发现
(1)例句①②③④中的过去分词(短语)在句中作定语。
(2)例句①②③中为单个的过去分词作定语，常常放于被修饰名词的前面；例句④中过去分词短语作定语，常常放于被修饰名词的后面。
(3)例句⑤⑥中的过去分词在句中作表语。
Ⅱ.真题语法感知
1．(2017·北京高考)Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ________ (spend) with his students.
答案：spent time和spend之间存在被动关系，故此处用过去分词作time的后置定语。
2．(2016·浙江高考)To return to the problem of water pollution, I'd like you to look at a study ________ (conduct) in Australia in 2012.
答案：conducted study与conduct之间为被动关系，且设空处表示动作已完成，故用过去分词作后置定语。句意：回到水污染问题，我想让你们看一下2012年在澳大利亚进行的研究。
3．(2016·江苏高考)In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message ________ (hide) within the work.
答案：hidden 设空处在句中作定语，message与hide之间为被动关系，且设空处表示动作已完成，故用过去分词形式。句意：在艺术评论中，你必须假定艺术家在作品中有一定的隐含信息。
4．(2014·安徽高考)While waiting for the opportunity to get ________ (promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.
答案：promoted 逻辑主语Henry和promote之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词。句意：亨利在等待获得升职机会的同时，尽力做好自己的本职工作。
课堂合作探究
过去分词是非谓语动词的一种。从语法功能分析，过去分词兼有动词、形容词或副词的特性，可在句中充当定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。通常逻辑主语与过去分词所表示的动作之间存在被动关系，表示被动或完成。
一、过去分词作定语
1．过去分词作定语的位置
(1)前置定语：单个过去分词作定语时，一般放在所修饰词语之前。
The recovered animals will be released soon.
痊愈的动物会很快被释放。
(2)后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
The film Wolf Warriors Ⅱ directed by the action star Wu Jing is now China's top grossing film.
＝The film Wolf Warriors Ⅱ which is directed by the action star Wu Jing is now China's top grossing film.
由功夫明星吴京导演的《战狼2》现在成了中国票房收入最高的电影。
名师点津
(1)有些单个的过去分词，像left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等作定语时，放在所修饰的名词后面。如：money left(剩余的钱)，the people concerned(有关人士)，the book given(所给书籍)。
(2)如果被修饰的词是由“every/some/any/no＋thing/body/one”所构成的复合代词或指示代词those，these等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。
There is something unsolved before we carry out the plan.
我们执行这个计划前，还有一些没有解决的事情。
2．过去分词作定语的功能和作用
不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示动作已完成，不表示被动意义；及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表示被动意义又表示完成意义，有时只表示被动意义。
(1)只表示完成，不表示被动
developed countries 发达国家
fallen leaves 落叶
(2)只表示被动，不表示完成
an honoured general 一位受尊重的将军
deeply moved people 深受感动的人们
(3)既表示被动，又表示完成
the plan supported by most people 多数人支持的计划
the broken glass 碎了的玻璃杯
名师点津
现在分词作定语和过去分词作定语的不同：
(1)现在分词多表示主动，而过去分词多表示被动。
(2)现在分词表示动作正在进行，而过去分词通常表示动作已经完成。
【即景活用1】
(1)单句语法填空
①There is little time ________ (leave). Let's hurry up.
②Mr Smith has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ________ (spend) with his students.
③People shouldn't be exposed to ________ (pollute) water.
答案：①left ②spent ③polluted
(2)单句写作
①________________________ needs repairing.
上个月建造的那座桥需要修理。
②This novel was once the ____________________ book in high schools in the United States.
这部小说曾经是美国高中阅读最广泛的书。
答案：①The bridge built last month ②most widely?read
二、过去分词作表语
1．过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的状态和特征，而被动语态则表示动作。
“be＋过去分词”表示状态时，是系表结构，此时分词通常已形容词化；表示动作时，是被动语态，且绝大多数被动结构中的动作执行者由介词by引出。
The cup is broken.(系表结构，强调主语所处的状态)
杯子碎了。
The cup was broken by my little sister.(被动语态，强调主语所承受的动作)
这个杯子是我小妹妹打碎的。
2．过去分词作表语与动词?ing形式作表语的区别：过去分词作表语表示被动或完成，即主语所处的状态；动词?ing形式作表语表示主动或进行，或者说表示主语的特征。
She was embarrassed because she didn't know the answer.
她很尴尬因为她不知道答案。
Today's meeting was boring.
今天的会很无聊。
The book is interesting and I'm interested in it.
这本书非常有趣，我对它非常感兴趣。
名师点津
(1)过去分词作表语时，其连系动词不仅仅是be动词，get, remain, stay, seem 等连系动词也可以后接过去分词(短语)作表语。
He seemed quite delighted at the news.
他似乎对这则消息感到很高兴。
(2)过去分词作表语时所体现的是形容词的特性。
Finally the baby felt tired of playing with those toys.
最后那名婴儿厌倦了玩那些玩具。
(3)注意下列每组词在作定语和表语时的区别：
exciting/excited, interesting/interested, disappoin?
ting/disappointed, encouraging/encouraged, puzzling/
puzzled, surprising/surprised, pleasing/pleased, confusing/confused, moving/moved, terrifying/terrified
【即景活用2】
(1)单句语法填空
①I don't really like the author, although I have to admit his books are very ________ (excite)．
②Those poor and needy teenagers were ________ (excite) to find a shop at the corner where they could buy affordably priced bikes.
③It's ________ (surprise) that your brother picked up Russian so quickly—he hasn't lived there very long.
④She was ________ (surprise) to find the fridge empty：the children had eaten everything.
答案：①exciting ②excited ③surprising ④surprised
(2)单句写作
①He was __________________________ that they asked him.
他被他们问的问题弄糊涂了。
②The woman ________________ at the news.
那个女人对这个消息感到失望。
③The novel ____________________ Han Han.
这本小说是韩寒写的。
答案：①confused by the questions ②was disappointed
③was written by
课后演练提能
[基础题]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The salesgirl at last handled the difficult customer and gave a ________ (satisfy) smile.
答案：satisfied
2．She felt sure the letter had some ________ (hide) meaning.
答案：hidden
3．To return to the problem of water pollution, I'd like you to look at a study ________ (conduct) in Australia in 2012.
答案：conducted
4．(2017·浙江高考)Students, parents and teachers are ________ (please) with the results.
答案：pleased
5．The telegram __________ (send) by my sister brought the news of my dear grandma's death.
答案：sent
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．It is very encouraged to find so many people attending the meeting.
__________________________________________________________________
答案：encouraged→encouraging
2．The window being broken in the storm has now been repaired.
__________________________________________________________________
答案：去掉being
3．There is nothing writing on it.
__________________________________________________________________
答案：writing→written
4．She listened with a puzzling expression on her face.
__________________________________________________________________
答案：puzzling→puzzled
5．Many using computers will be sold in this market.
__________________________________________________________________
答案：using→used
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．____________________________ (他脸上兴奋的表情) suggested that he had known the truth.
答案：The excited look on his face
2．Please get ____________________ (那个摔坏了的时钟) repaired as soon as possible.
答案：the broken clock
3．The computer center ____________________ (去年开放的), is very popular among the students in this area.
答案：opened last year
4．His book ______________________ (上个月出版) is based on a true story.
答案：published last month
5．From the date______________ (标记在……上的) the gold coin, it is confirmed that it was made five hundred years ago.
答案：marked on
[能力题]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2018·北京高考)
Plastic?Eating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills， and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass—apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms' stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.
Federica Bertocchini, co?author of the study, says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food—beeswax—also allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon?carbon bond, is there as well，” she explains. “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”
Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes (肠道微生物)?
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。最新科学研究发现大蜡螟幼虫能利用体内的酶来分解塑料，这是一种分解塑料的新方法。
1．What can we learn about the worms in the study?
A．They take plastics as their everyday food.
B．They are newly evolved creatures.
C．They can consume plastics.
D．They wind up in landfills.
答案：C 细节理解题。根据第二段前两句可知，蠕虫能消耗塑料。故选C。
2．According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to ________.
A．identify other means of the breakdown
B．find out the source of the enzyme
C．confirm the research findings
D．increase the breakdown speed
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句可知，DeBruyn说，下一步将找出分解的原因。这种酶是蠕虫自身产生的，还是肠道微生物产生的？即根据Jennifer DeBruyn的说法，下一步将找出这种酶的来源。故选B。
3．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might ________.
A．help to raise worms
B．help make plastic bags
C．be used to clean the oceans
D．be produced in factories in future
答案：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可知，她希望通过某种工业生产程序使用这种化学物质，而不是简单地“把数百万条虫子扔在塑料上”。由此可推知，将来这种化学制品可能由工厂生产。故选D。
4．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To explain a study method on worms.
B．To introduce the diet of a special worm.
C．To present a way to break down plastics.
D．To propose new means to keep eco?balance.
答案：C 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了研究发现蠕虫能分解塑料，即一种分解塑料的新方法。故选C。
1．landfills n. 垃圾填埋场 2.paste n. 糊状物
1．break down 分解 2.be involved in 投身于，致力于
B
Could cities that float on the sea solve the problems caused by floods and provide food for the world?
Some scientists think so. The idea is already being tested and they believe that floating cities will provide more homes for a growing population, without having to use land to grow food. And they believe floating areas will allow more food to be provided, so that no one in the world is hungry.
In some places cities that float on the sea are already being planned. A company in the Netherlands called DeltaSync thinks that the sea cities will save the world, with more than one in ten people living in them.
They say sea cities solve many problems the world faces in the 21st century, like not having enough land, more and more people needing homes, fossil fuels (化石燃料) running low and the increasingly serious problems caused by floods.
DeltaSync says building cities in the desert is not possible because there is not enough water and developing ways for people to live in space is still too expensive. So they believe the answer is our ocean, which covers over two thirds of the Earth's surface. Their plans for floating areas include using algae to produce fuel and food.
More than a quarter of the land in the Netherlands already lies underwater and scientists there have spent years trying to find ways to deal with it. In the city of Rotterdam they already have floating homes.
Bart Roeffen from DeltaSync says, “We have plans for neighbourhoods including roads and, in the end, I believe we can build floating cities on the sea.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人们想要在海上建造城市的计划，并且在某些地方，漂浮城市的计划已经在进行。科学家们认为这能为不断增长的人口提供更多居住地，荷兰的一家公司也提出了这种做法的诸多好处。
5．What can we learn about the Netherlands?
A．There are floating homes in one of its cities.
B．It has found many fossil fuels recently.
C．Two thirds of its land is covered by water.
D．Its population is increasing quickly.
答案：A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“In the city of Rotterdam they already have floating homes.”可知选A。
6．Which of the following is the advantage of the cities that DeltaSync wants to build?
A．Providing more jobs for people.
B．Satisfying more people's housing needs.
C．Supplying enough water to people.
D．Making travel in space possible.
答案：B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“They say sea cities solve many problems the world faces in the 21st century, like not having enough land, more and more people needing homes”可知，这家公司认为建造海上房屋可以解决更多人的住房问题，故选B。
7．What does Bart Roeffen think of his company's future plans?
A．He doubts them.
B．He has no idea about them.
C．He is uncertain about them.
D．He is hopeful about them.
答案：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段可以看出Bart Roeffen对公司未来的计划非常有信心，故选D。
8．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Will there be enough water?
B．Is it possible to live in the desert?
C．Will sea cities save the world?
D．Is it expensive to build floating cities?
答案：C 标题判断题。本文主要介绍了人们想要在海上建造城市的计划以及这一计划的诸多好处，故选C。
1．float v. 浮动 2.neighbourhood n. 社区；街坊
1．provide ... for ... 为……提供……
2．deal with 处理
Ⅱ.语法填空
You may like reading novels for fun. But you need to get __1__ (organize) if you are reading a novel for school. Here __2__ (be) a few tips.
First, pay attention to characters. What do they do in the novel? What do they want? Everything __3__ is about a character can help us to understand him, from his __4__ (appear) to the kind of food he eats.
Besides, the order of the story and the plot are __5__ (equal) important. Make sure that as you read, you make __6__ quick note of what happens in each chapter. This will help you bring the things you have noticed about the characters, setting, language and so on together. It's also an enormous help for you to retell the story after you have read it.
Next, themes. They are ideas that a novel explores. __7__ is a must to get the hang of the theme if you want to fully appreciate the novel. Perhaps love is a major theme, or justice, or __8__ (survive)．
Furthermore, novels are made up __9__ language. Writers use language in a special way __10__ (make) their novels work. They may use metaphors, invent symbols, or show different characters' personalities through their speech styles.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
答案：1.organized 2.are 3.that 4.appearance 5.equally
6．a 7.It 8.survival 9.of 10.to make
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课前语法感知
课堂合作探究
课后演练提能
Section Ⅳ Learning about Language & Using Language
课前预习检测
单词识记
1.construct (vt.) 建设；修建→construction (n.) 建设；建筑物
2．contribute (vt.& vi.) 捐献；贡献→contribution (n.) 贡献
3．positive (adj.) 积极的；肯定的→positively (adv.) 积极地
4．spin (vi.& vt.) (使)旋转；纺(线或纱)
5．move (v.) 移动；搬动→movement (n.) 移动
6．enthusiastic (adj.) 热情的；热心的→enthusiasm (n.) 热心；热情
7．cautious (adj.) 小心的；谨慎的→cautiously (adv.) 小心地→ caution (n.) 谨慎
8．reject (v.) 拒绝→rejection (n.) 拒绝
9．universe (n.) 宇宙；世界→universal (adj.) 宇宙的；全世界的；普遍的
10．responsible (adj.) 有责任的→responsibility (n.) 责任心；责任
短语完形
1.apart_from 除……之外；此外
2．be_strict_with 对……严格的
3．come_to_an_end 结束
4．be_enthusiastic_about 对……热心/充满热情
5．lead_to 导致；通向
6．make_sense 讲得通；有意义
7．take_in 吸收；理解；欺骗
8．work_on 从事；致力于；努力提高
9．at_times 有时；偶尔
10．contribute__to 有助于；对……做出贡献；捐助
语篇理解
根据课文内容填空
Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was __1__ (confuse) when all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion __2__ the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there __3__ the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. Yet he didn't tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would __4__ (punish) him. They believed God had made the world __5__ the earth was special and must be the center of the solar system. In 1514 he showed it __6__ (private) to his friends. But he didn't want __7__ (attack) by the Christian Church, so he only published it as he lay __8__ (die) in 1543. Now Copernicus' theory is the basis __9__ which all our ideas of the universe are built. People can see that there is __10__ direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
答案：1.confused 2.that 3.did 4.have punished 5.and
6．privately 7.to be attacked 8.dying 9.on 10.a
课堂合作探究
The Language Points of Learning about Language
1．Look at these simple verbs and make another construction using make＋a＋noun.(教材P4)
看这些简单动词并用“make＋a＋noun”构成另一个结构。
?construction n. [U]建设；[C]建筑物
①China and ASEAN are_constructing a 21st Century Maritime Silk Road to promote maritime cooperation.
中国与东盟正在构建一条21世纪的海上丝绸之路以便促进海上合作。
②The government announced that a large number of low?rent houses were_under_construction.
政府宣布大量的廉租房正在建设中。
③The skyscraper was_constructed entirely from concrete and glass.
这座摩天大楼全是由混凝土和玻璃构成的。
【即景活用】
(1)单句语法填空
The local government raised a large sum of money for highway ________ (construct)．
答案：construction
(2)单句写作
Most of the factories __________________ have been ________ by the Chinese designers.
这些建设中的工厂大多数都是由中国设计师设计的。
答案：under construction; designed
2．contribute (教材P4)
?contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助；有助于
①She would try to persuade local business leaders to contribute_to the cause.
她会竭力说服当地的商界领袖们捐助这项事业。
②Medical negligence was said to have contributed_to her death.
据说医护人员的玩忽职守导致了她的死亡。
③This book contributes little to our understanding of this subject.
本书对我们了解这门课程助益甚小。
④Those who have made_great_contributions_to human beings and society will never be forgotten.
那些为人类和社会做出巨大贡献的人将永垂不朽。
【即景活用】
单句写作
①This company ________ ￡100,000 ________ the charity.
这家公司向这个慈善机构捐赠了100,000英镑。
②Fresh air and exercise ______________ good health.
新鲜的空气和锻炼有益于健康。
③He made a great ______________ the success of the project.
他为这个项目的成功作出了很大的贡献。
答案：①contributed; to ②contribute to ③contribution to
The Language Points of Using Language
1．I will need to be/become_strict_with ... (教材P6)
我需要对……严格。
?be/become strict with sb. 对某人严格/严厉
①Be_strict_with oneself and lenient towards others.
[谚语]严以律己，宽以待人。
②My mathematics teacher is very strict_in grading.
我的数学老师对评分很严格。
【即景活用】
(1)用恰当介词填空
Our parents are very strict ________ us, but never too hard ________ us.
答案：(1)with; on
(2)单句写作
①Tomatoes are not, ________ speaking, vegetables.
严格来说，西红柿并不是蔬菜。
②She is very strict not only __________ all of us, but ________ all her own work.
她不仅对我们所有人都很严格，对她自己的工作要求也很严格。
答案：①strictly ②with; about/in
[第1段]
2．Only_if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make_sense.(教材P7)
只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
?Only＋if从句
[剖析] (1)此句为主从复合句。only if引导的条件状语从句置于句首，主句用倒装。
(2)“only＋副词/介词短语/状语从句”置于句首时，句子/主句需用部分倒装。
名师点津
(1)若only修饰的是主语，即使放在句首句子也不用倒装。
(2)“only＋状语从句”放句首，注意是倒装主句，而不是状语从句。
①Only one student is in the classroom.
只有一个学生在教室里。
②Only_then did she realize how much damage had been caused.
只有在那时她才意识到造成了多么大的损失。
③Only_if a teacher gives permission is a student allowed to enter the room.
只有得到老师的允许，学生才能进入这个房间。
辨析：only if, if only
【即景活用1】
(1)单句语法填空
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Only after a year of friendly discussion ________ Ms Garza finally say yes.
答案：did
(2)单句写作
①________________ link the disease to drinking water will we draw such a conclusion.
只有我们把这种疾病与饮用水联系起来，我们才能得出这样的结论。
②______________ had another chance.
要是我再有一次机会就好了。
答案：①Only if we ②If only I
?make sense 讲得通；有道理；有意义
①This sentence doesn't make_any_sense.
＝This sentence makes_no_sense.
这个句子完全讲不通。
②He doesn't talk much, but what he says makes_sense.
他话不多，但言之有理。
③Can you make_sense_of what this author says?
你能弄懂这位作家讲的话吗？
【即景活用2】
单句写作
①See, your computer has broken down again! ____________________________ (……没有意义) to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
②Planning so far ahead ____________________ (没有意义)—so many things will have changed by next year.
③Not until the teacher explained it again ____________________________ (我们才理解) the sentence.
④___________________ (做……没意义) regretting what happened yesterday.
答案：①It doesn't make sense ②makes no sense ③did we make sense of ④There is no sense in
[第4段]
3．He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with_the_planets_going_round_it_and_only_the_moon_still_going_round_the_earth.(教材P7)
他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。
[剖析] 此句为复杂的简单句。“with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth”为with复合结构，即“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”，在句中作伴随状语。
①He left the classroom with the windows open.(形容词)
他离开了教室，窗户还开着。
②The teacher came in, with a big smile on_his_face.(介词短语)
老师满脸笑容地走了进来。
③He is fat, with thick glasses on.(副词)
他胖胖的，戴着厚厚的眼镜。
④All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.(过去分词)
整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。
⑤With his eyes looking_into the sky, he lay on the grass.(现在分词)
他躺在草地上，眼睛看着天空。
⑥With so much work to_do,_he could not go home.(不定式)
有那么多工作要做，他还不能回家。
⑦He died with his daughter yet a_schoolgirl.(名词)
他去世时，女儿还是个学生。
【即景活用】
句型转换(用with复合结构)
①Spring is approaching, and everything comes to life.
→____________________， everything comes to life.
②The girl sat there quite silent and still and her eyes were fixed on the wall.
→The girl sat there quite silent and still ____________________.
答案：①With spring approaching ②with her eyes fixed on the wall
4．His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious.(教材P7)
他的朋友都热情地鼓励他把他的想法公之于世，而哥白尼却小心谨慎。
?enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的
①Mary seems very enthusiastic_about pop music.
玛丽似乎很热衷于流行音乐。
②She's very enthusiastic_to read the novels written by Mo Yan.
她非常喜欢读莫言的小说。
【即景活用1】
(1)单句语法填空
Although she's a beginner, she played with great ________ (enthusiastic)．
答案：enthusiasm
(2)单句写作
①I'm sure it will appeal to you, for you've been ________________ sports.
我确信它会吸引你，因为你一直热衷于体育运动。
②Although she's a beginner, she played ______________________.
虽然她是个新手，但演奏时却充满了激情。
答案：①enthusiastic about ②with great enthusiasm
?cautious adj. 小心的；谨慎的；细心的
①He was_cautious_about committing himself to anything.
他很谨慎，不轻易表态。
②She is_cautious_not_to_offend him.
她小心不去得罪他。
③The old man stepped down the stairs with_caution.
这位老人谨慎地下着楼梯。
④The teacher cautioned Tom never to_do it again.
老师警告汤姆再也不要做那件事情。
【即景活用2】
单句语法填空
①People might be cautious ________ believing this statement.
②She ________ (cautious) closed the door in order not to be heard by others.
③Dad always drives with ________ (cautious)．
④Mother cautioned me ________ the icy road.
答案：①about ②cautiously ③caution ④about
[第5段]
5．The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God's idea and people who supported it would be attacked.(教材P7)
基督教教会拒绝接受他的理论，说这种理论违背了上帝的旨意，而支持这一理论的人都将受到攻击。
?reject vt. 拒绝(雇用、录取等)；不接受(提议、建议等)；抛弃；(因质量不好而)废弃
①The prime minister rejected any idea of reforming the system.
首相对任何改革体制的想法都不予考虑。
②He has_been_rejected_by all the universities he applied to.
他申请的所有大学都没有录取他。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①Mary ________ (reject) Jack's request of cooperation, for he was greedy and dishonest.
②Be prepared for lots of ________ (reject) before you land a job.
答案：①rejected ②rejections
哥白尼的革命性理论
尼古拉·哥白尼被吓得心烦意乱的。虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数字，然而他所有的数学计算都得出了一个相同的结论：地球不是太阳系的中心。只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。他的这个理论可不能告诉任何人，因为即使他只暗示有这种想法，他都会受到强大的基督教教会势力的惩罚。教会认为世界是上帝创造的，正因为如此，地球就具有特殊的意义，它必定要成为太阳系的中心。
这样，问题就来了，因为天文学家以前发现过，天上有些行星停顿下来，往后移动，然后再成环状向前移动，而其他行星看上去有时亮些，有时又不怎么亮。如果地球是太阳系的中心，而所有行星环绕着地球转的话，那么这种现象就很奇怪了。
哥白尼对这些问题曾经苦苦思索过很久，试图找出问题的答案。他曾经收集过观测星球的数据，并且利用他的全部数学知识来解释这些数据。但是只有他的新理论才能作出解释。于是，他在1510至1514年期间从事这项研究，逐步修改他的理论，直到他感到完善时为止。
1514年，他把他的新理论私下里给他的朋友们看。他对旧理论的修改是具有革命性的。他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。他还提出地球在围绕太阳转的同时，它本身还自转，这样就说明了行星运动的变化情况以及星球的亮度问题。他的朋友都热情地鼓励他把他的想法公之于世，而他却小心谨慎，他不想遭到基督教教会势力的攻击，所以他只是在1543年临终之前才把它公布出来。
当然，他小心谨慎是对的。基督教教会拒绝接受他的理论，说这种理论违背了上帝的旨意，而支持这种理论的人都会受到攻击。然而哥白尼的理论却是我们宇宙观赖以建立的基础。他的理论还改变了基督教对地心引力的看法，他们认为物体往地球上掉落是因为上帝创造了地球，而地球正是宇宙的中心。哥白尼表明这是明显错误的。如今人们可以看到，他的这些想法与艾萨克·牛顿、阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦以及斯蒂芬·霍金等人的研究都有着直接的联系。
课后演练提能
[基础题]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Be p________ about your future and get on with living a normal life.
答案：positive
2．The earth moves every day, but we can't feel its m________ because we are living on it.
答案：movement
3．In the past, cotton was usually s________ to make thread by hand.
答案：spun
4．On the night of the f________ we had a really good spot.
答案：fireworks
5．She walked past him without a b________ glance.
答案：backward
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．As she ________ her children, they develop a good study habit.
答案：is strict with
2．This test is obviously bad because it will ________incorrect learning.
答案：lead to
3．Read the sentence and tell me if it ________.
答案：makes sense
4．________ you work hard can you expect to get a pay rise.
答案：Only if
5．Tom ________ making promises to us.
答案：is cautious about
6．The fair weather ________ the success of the voyage.
答案：contributed to
7．________ the small cat, the poor boy had no one to talk with.
答案：Apart from
8．Statement should be made ________ facts.
答案：on the basis of
9．The match took nearly three hours and was interrupted ________ by rains.
答案：at times
10．She tries to ________ more ________ her new job.
答案：be; enthusiastic about
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．With a lot of work ________ (do), I won't be able to go on holiday.
答案：to do
2．He set free the birds happily, ________ was a celebration for his success.
答案：which
3．Martha told me that the ________ (reject) plan was put forward by Mr Zhang at yesterday's meeting.
答案：rejected
4．Only if you eat the correct food ________ you be able to stay healthy.
答案：will
5．She never lost her ________ (enthusiastic) for teaching.
答案：enthusiasm
6．You have every reason to be positive ________ the future.
答案：about
7．Prices of daily goods ________ (buy) through a computer can be lower than those in a store.
答案：bought
8．We think the film ________ (set) in the Middle Ages In Europe is worth seeing a second time.
答案：set
9．Nobody wants to make friends with the boy ________ (suspect) of having stolen money.
答案：suspected
10．The music of the film ________ (play) by him sounds so ________ (excite)．
答案：played; exciting
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．The new railway is still ____________.
新铁路仍在修建之中。
答案：under construction
2．____________ their house in Beijing, they also have a villa in their hometown.
他们在北京有一座房子，此外在故乡还有一座别墅。
答案：Apart from
3．Is this the reason ____________ you ________ our offer of help?
这就是你拒绝我们帮助你的理由吗？
答案：for which; rejected
4．Failure can ____________________ your life once you learn to use it.
一旦学会了利用失败，那么失败就能为你的人生作出积极的贡献。
答案：make a positive contribution to
5．Only when he got home ________________ that his keys had been left on his working desk.
只有当他到家时，他才意识到钥匙忘在了办公桌上。
答案：did he realize
[能力题]
Ⅰ.完形填空
As a child, Bill was untidy. It has been said that in order to __1__ this, his mum drew up __2__ clothing plans for him. On Mondays he might go to school in blue ... on Thursdays in black, and so on. Weekend meal __3__ might also be planned in detail.
People around Bill __4__ that he was exceptional. One of his friends recalled, “He was __5__ the kind of kid you didn't want __6__ our team. We all knew Bill was __7__ than us. Even back then, when he was nine or ten years old, he talked like a(n) __8__ and could express himself in ways that none of us understood.”
Bill was also well __9__ his classmates in mathematics and science. He needed to go to a school that __10__ him, Lakeside, an all?boys' school for __11__ students.
Lakeside allowed students to go after their own __12__， to whatever extent they wished. The school __13__ itself on helping all its students to reach their __14__ potential. It was the ideal environment for someone like Bill Gates.
During his time at Lakeside, Bill scored a(n) __15__ eight hundred on a mathematics test. It was extremely important for him to get this grade—he had to take the __16__ more than once in order to do it.
Computer time was expensive and, because he was anxious to get more __17__ and because Bill already had an understanding __18__ what he could achieve __19__， he decided to __20__ a company: The Lakeside Programmers Group. “Let's call the real world and try to sell something to it！” Bill announced.
篇章导读：本文是一篇人物介绍，主要介绍比尔·盖茨在求学期间展示出来的独特的聪明和与众不同的特质，这正好成就了他的传奇互联网事业。
1．A.balance B．keep
C．watch D．control
答案：A balance “平衡”；keep “保持”；watch “观看”；control “控制”。句意：为了平衡这一点，他的妈妈为他起草了每周的穿衣计划。故选A。
2．A.certain B．strict
C．weekly D．timely
答案：C certain “肯定的”；strict “严格的”；weekly “每周的”；timely “及时的”。根据下一句“On Mondays he might go to school in blue ... on Thursdays in black”可知，是每周的穿衣计划，故答案为C。
3．A.dishes B．conferences
C．places D．schedules
答案：D dish “菜”；conference “会议”；place “地方”；schedule “安排，日程表”。句意：周末的饭餐安排也都是详细计划好的。故答案为D。
4．A.saw B．discussed
C．confused D．recognized
答案：D saw “看见”；discussed “讨论”； confused “使困惑”；recognized “认识，认出”。句意：Bill周围的人开始认识到他不同寻常了。故选D。
5．A.ever B．never
C．seldom D．always
答案：B ever “曾经”；never “永不”；seldom “很少”；always “总是”。由第8空所在句子可知Bill是一个具有特殊才能的孩子，故此处表示他绝不是那种你不想让他成为我们团队一员的孩子。故选B。
6．A.for B．on
C．among D．against
答案：B 此处为固定用法：on the team “成为团队的一员”。故选B。
7．A.smarter B．older
C．stronger D．braver
答案：A smarter “更聪明”；older “更老”；stronger “更强壮”；braver “更勇敢”。句意：我们都知道Bill比我们更聪明。根据后一句“... could express himself in ways that none of us understood”可知，此处是描述Bill很聪明。故选A。
8．A.child B．teacher
C．adult D．man
答案：C child “孩子”；teacher “老师”；adult “成年人”；man “男人”。句意：他八九岁的时候就像个成年人一样，并能以我们不理解的方式去表达自己。故选C。
9．A.back off B．far from
C．ahead of D．more than
答案：C back off “后退”；far from “远离”；ahead of “在……之前，比……超前”；more than “超过”。句意：Bill也在数学和科学方面远超他的同学。故选C。
10．A.defeated B．challenged
C．entertained D．monitored
答案：B defeated “打败”；challenged “挑战”；entertained “娱乐”；monitored “监视”。句意：他需要去一个能够挑战他的学校，Lakeside，一个全是杰出超常学生的男校。故选B。
11．A.exceptional B．rich
C．ordinary D．special
答案：A exceptional “例外的；杰出的”；rich “富裕的”；ordinary “普通的”；special “特别的”。由下一段对Lakeside学校的描述可知，该校的学生均是杰出的、智力超群的孩子，故答案为A。
12．A.friends B．values
C．careers D．interests
答案：D friends “朋友”；values “价值”；careers “职业”；interests “兴趣”。句意：Lakeside学校允许学生追随他们自己的兴趣。故答案为D。
13．A.looked B．opened
C．prided D．tricked
答案：C looked “看”；opened “打开”；prided “以……为傲”；tricked “欺骗”。句意：学校以帮助所有学生来充分发挥他们的潜力为傲。故选C。
14．A.deep B．sacred
C．full D．rich
答案：C deep “深的”；sacred “害怕的”；full “满的，充分的”；rich “富有的”。根据上题题意可知，答案为C。
15．A.logical B．tough
C．imaginary D．perfect
答案：D logical “逻辑的”；tough “艰难的”；imaginary “想象的”；perfect “完美的”。Bill在一次数学考试中获得了一个完美的八百分。故选D。
16．A.test B．lesson
C．task D．measure
答案：A test “考试”；lesson “课程”；task “任务”；measure “措施”。句意：这样的考试他必须要参加多次才能有这样一个结果。故选A。
17．A.time B．fund
C．help D．grade
答案：A time “时间”；fund “资金”；help “帮助”；grade “分数”。根据前一句的提示“Computer time”可知，此处填time。句意：他急切地想获得更多的时间。故选A。
18．A.to B．of
C．from D．behind
答案：B to “对于”；of “的”；from “从”；behind “后面”。句意：因为Bill已经对他经济上能获得的东西有了理解，也就是他洞察到学电脑在经济上会有所收益。故选B。
19．A.psychologically B．financially
C．wisely D．universally
答案：B psychologically “心理学上地”；financially “经济地”；wisely “明智地”；universally “普遍地”。根据后面说他决定成立公司可知，应该是经济上会有所收益，故答案为B。
20．A.pick up B．take up
C．send up D．set up
答案：D pick up “捡起”；take up “从事”；send up “发送”；set up “建立”。句意：他决定建立一个公司。故选D。
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2019·兰州一中高三月考)Before going outside in the morning, many of us check a window thermometer (温度计) for the temperature. This helps us decide what to wear. __1__ We want our food to be a certain coldness in the refrigerator. We want it a certain hotness in the oven. If we don't feel well, we use a thermometer to see if we have a fever. We keep our rooms a certain warmth in the winter and a certain coolness in the summer.
Not all the thermometers use the same system to measure temperature. We use a system called the Fahrenheit scale. But most other countries use the Centigrade scale.
Both systems use the freezing and boiling points of water as their guide. __2__
The most common kind of thermometer is made with mercury (水银) inside a clear glass tube. As mercury (or any other liquid) becomes hot, it expands. As it gets colder, it contracts (收缩). That is why on hot days the mercury line is high in the glass tube. __3__
First. Take a clear glass juice bottle that has a cap; fill the bottle with coloured water. Tap a hole in the center of the cap using a hammer and thick nail. Put the cap on the jar. Then stick a plastic straw through the nail hole.__4__
Finally. Place a white card on the outside of the bottle and behind the straw. Now you can see the water level easily.__5__
As the temperature goes down, the water will contract, and the level in the straw will come down. Perhaps you will want to keep a record of the water level in the straw each morning for a week.
A．We use and depend on thermometers to measure the temperature of many other things in our daily lives.
B．Thermometers measure temperature, by using materials that change in the same way when they are heated or cooled.
C．Now that you know this rule you can make a thermometer of your own that will work.
D．The water will rise in the straw. As the temperature of the air goes up, the water will expand and rise even higher.
E．They label these in different ways. On the Fahrenheit scale water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees. On the Celsius scale water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees.
F．Take wax (you may use an old candle if you have one) and melt some of it right where the straw is struck into the cap to seal (把……粘住) them together.
G．People use thermometers which are made by themselves when travelling around the world.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了温度计在人们日常生活中的应用及如何自制简易温度计。
1．A 由上下文可知，此处陈述我们日常生活中很多其他情况下也需要用温度计来测量温度，故A正确。
2．E 从上文可知，温度计分华氏温标和摄氏温标两种方式计量温度，选项E进一步介绍了这两种温度计量方式冰点和沸点的不同，故正确答案是E。
3．C 本段前一部分介绍了温度计的设计和工作原理，下文“First ... Finally ...”详细描述了制造一个能够起到计量温度作用的温度计的步骤，所以C符合文意。
4．F 根据设空处前一句的内容可推断此处应说明如何把吸管粘到瓶盖上，故F符合语境。
5．D 由设空处上一句尤其是下一句内容可判断此处说明水位在吸管中上升的情况，故选D。
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课前预习检测
课堂合作探究
课后演练提能
Section Ⅴ Writing劝说性书信
[技法指导]
劝说性书信是我们日常工作和生活中常用的一种应用文体。它以书信的形式劝说收信人接受或放弃某一想法、观点、提议或行动，有时还提出自己的建议并让对方采取进一步的行动。接着给出充足的理由劝说对方接受你的建议。提出的理由要合情合理，用词要恰当，既要委婉礼貌，又要有说服力。
我们可以通过以下三个部分来进行写作：
第一部分：引入。写信人首先需要简要说明写信的主要目的。
第二部分：阐述。这是劝说性书信的主体和核心部分。
写信人需要在这个部分有条理地列出自己的理由。理由要力求客观、真实、有说服力，要重点突出、层次分明。同时，要注意适当提高语言的力度，提升语言的张力，以更好地展现自己的立场。
第三部分：总结。写信人可以用生动的语言重申自己的核心观点，或以情动人、引起共鸣，或升华延伸、画龙点睛。这部分应该注意语言要简练且具有冲击力。
学生在写此类信件的时候应注意以下几点：
1．形式规范，引题自然
劝说性书信主要由信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、结束语和签名等部分组成。写作时在正文的开头就要做到有的放矢，找准劝说内容的切入点，从而自然地引入自己要谈论的话题和观点。
2．切中要害，直击主题
在劝说的过程中要抓住问题的关键，一定要围绕收信人关心的问题展开写作，切忌眉毛胡子一把抓，脱离主题。
3．动之以情，晓之以理
要想达到劝说的目的，“以情感人”是保证，“以理服人”是关键。因此，在阐述自己的看法时语气要委婉、中肯，说明看法时要有理有据、令人信服。有时还要提出自己的合理建议，从而让对方可以明确进一步行动的方向。
4．劝说性书信的结构
首段：点明写信的目的，即向对方提出建议或提出对方面临的问题。通常用过渡句引出建议。
主体段：建议的具体内容。一般来说，建议的内容要分条列出，这样可以更加醒目。通常围绕对方的困惑、烦恼等问题，委婉地提出自己的建议和想法。注意要充分考虑对方的实际问题，表达时应选择得体的语言。切忌用语生硬，泛泛而谈。结尾段：一般是表示敬意或祝愿的话。同时希望自己的建议能对对方有所帮助。
[黄金表达]
1．首段
①After I read your letter, I am sorry to know that ...
②I know you have trouble in ... after reading your letter.
③I am writing to you for the purpose of ...
④I'm writing to persuade you (not) to ...
⑤In my opinion, it would be wise of you to take the following measures.
2．主体段
①Here are my reasons. First of all, I think it would be better if ... Second, ... Third, ...
②Personally speaking, I really hope ...
③In my opinion, you should ...
④Here I'd like to give my advice on ...
⑤I would like to suggest that ...
3．结尾段
①All things considered, ...
②In brief/In short/To sum up, ...
③I believe you will take my advice into consideration.
④I hope you will find these suggestions practical/useful/helpful.
⑤Please take my advice into consideration and make a final decision.
[典题演练]
假如你是李华，你的加拿大朋友Mike在与你同一城市的国际学校读书。你收到他的e?mail了解到他最近因为一次考试没有考好而烦恼，请按照以下内容给Mike写一封回信。
1．宽慰；
2．给予改进学习的建议(查找失败原因；向老师求助；劳逸结合)；
3．邀请周末去打篮球。
谋篇布局
1．体裁：劝说信
2．话题：劝说朋友端正心态、查找原因并阐释具体做法
3．时态：一般过去时和一般将来时为主
4．人称：第二人称
5．结构
联想词汇
1．总是，一直 __________________
答案：all the time
2．关注 __________________
答案：focus on
3．面对 __________________
答案：in face of
4．向……寻求帮助 __________________
答案：turn to
5．使……成为可能 __________________
答案：make it possible
连词成句
1．我必须要提醒你没有人能够总是获胜。
I must remind you that no one always wins.
→I have to remind you that nobody can win all the time. (升级句)
2．为了下次考试考好，你应按照我说的去做。
To get a good result in the next exam, you should do as I tell you.
→To guarantee success in the next exam, you are advised to do as you are told. (升级句)
3．另外，有困难时可以去向老师求助。
When you have difficulty you can ask the teachers for help.
→Besides, in face of difficulty, you'd better turn to the teachers for help.(升级句)
4．充足的睡眠和合适的锻炼，一定会使你精力充沛。
Enough sleep and exercise will certainly make you energetic.
→Adequate sleep and proper exercise will certainly make it possible for you to keep energetic.(升级句)
连句成篇
Dear Mike，
I'm sorry to hear that you failed the last exam. But I have to remind you that nobody can win all the time. So you had better forget the unchangeable fact and focus more energy on future studies.
To guarantee success in the next exam, you are advised to do as you are told. First, find out the real reasons why you failed the exam. Only when you know where your mistakes are, will you know how to correct them. Besides, in face of difficult, you'd better turn to your teachers for help. After all, they are experienced. Meanwhile, remember to strike a balance between study and rest. Adequate sleep and proper exercise will certainly make it possible for you to keep energetic.
How about playing basketball together this weekend? Surely we will have fun.
Yours,
Li Hua
[跟踪训练]
假设你是李华，你的美国朋友 Jack 因两次考试成绩不理想而苦恼，故写信向你倾诉，请根据以下内容，给他写一封回信。
1．认真分析出错的原因，避免以后犯同样的错误。
2．考试之前做好准备工作。
3．失败是成功之母，只要努力并且不放弃，你一定会取得理想的成绩。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．信的格式已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jack，
Yours，
Li Hua
[精彩范文]
[名师点评]
①I don't think it necessary for you to ... ，it作形式宾语的结构运用得当。
②can be of help to you中be of后接抽象名词，表主语的性质或特征。
③Failure is the mother of success.俗语的运用增强说服力。
[总评] 本文是一封回信，形式上结构层次明晰，内容上覆盖所有要点，常用句式结构运用准确，语气诚恳，说理透彻，具有说服力。
课外拓展阅读——中国优秀传统文化专题练
对应学生用书P018 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Since childhood, I __1__ (see) action movies starring Bruce Lee and Jackie Chan, and I was always curious to learn the martial arts (武术). __2__ there is China, there is kung fu. Once I arrived in China, my dream was __3__ (learn) Tai'Chi and kung fu and master the techniques of martial arts.
After my arrival on campus on the first day, I went for a walk in the early morning. I saw some elderly people __4__ (practise) Tai'Chi slowly. I stopped and watched their movements closely. They attracted me, and the very next day at registration time, I rushed to the teachers' office to choose Tai'Chi as my __5__ (option) course. The following week I was on the grounds early in the morning with my classmates. The teacher told us that Tai'Chi __6__ (favor) for its health benefits. The movement of the body is related __7__ the yin and yang forces.
The main __8__ (rule) that the teacher taught us were attitude, discipline (自律) and balance. I was taking every bit of the training __9__ (serious) and trying to maintain my balance, which was a difficult job. However, as the teacher puts __10__， our attitude, our willingness and our action will make the impossible possible. And I will do.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
答案：1.have seen 2.Where 3.to learn 4.practising
5．optional 6.is favored 7.to 8.rules 9.seriously 10.it
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