(共24张PPT)
宾语从句
初中英语
考点聚焦
What should you know about the object clauses?
考点聚焦
考点聚焦
He is a teacher.
火眼金睛
?
考点聚焦
When I came in, he was going to have breakfast.
火眼金睛
?
考点聚焦
The boy who is sitting under the tree is Tom.
火眼金睛
?
考点聚焦
I wondered where Tom attended a meeting.
火眼金睛
?
考点聚焦
I wondered where Tom attended the meeting.
wondered
及物动词
where
连接词（不作主语）
Tom attended the meeting
主谓宾
+
+
主系表
谓宾
系表
连接词（作主语）
Do you know who helped us?
who
Do you know what happened to him?
what
主
语
名师点拨
（1）语序：________
陈述语序
Do you know what Deng Chao is?
你知道邓超是干什么的吗？
名师点拨
（2）连接词
① that—不译，不充当任何成分，可省略;
I think that the girl likes playing the piano.
我认为这个女孩喜欢弹钢琴。
名师点拨
（2）连接词
Can you tell me if Huang Hua will give us a speech this afternoon?
②___________—“是否”，表疑问,回答用Yes或No;
if 或whether
名师点拨
（2）连接词
What a nice paper fish! Can you show us how you make it?
③特殊疑问词— _____________________。
在句中充当一定的成分
名师点拨
（3）时态
①主过从过：主句是过去时，从句必须为过去的某种时态。
He wondered if they would meet at the school gate the next morning.
名师点拨
（3）时态
②主现从需：主句是一般现在时，从句可根据需要为各种时态。
Alice, do you know who will come tomorrow?
爱丽丝，你知道明天谁会来吗？
Alice, do you know what they are doing now?
爱丽丝，你知道他们正在做什么吗？
名师点拨
（3）时态
③从事从现：从句是客观事实，用一般现在时。
The teacher asked the students why the earth goes around the sun.
名师点拨
（4）宾语从句变简单句
需要变成：
I wonder when we will go to London tomorrow.
I wonder when to go to London tomorrow.
名师点拨
1. I want to know if he ____ tomorrow. If he ____, I will call you.
A. comes; comes B. will come; comes
C. will come; will come D. comes; will come
【点拨】if引导宾语从句时，意为“是否”，从句时态的确定依据：主过从过、主现从需、从事从现；if引导状语从句时，意为“如果”，表条件，从句时态依据：主将从现、主情从现、主祈从现。tomorrow是一般将来时的时间状语标志。
【答案】B
归纳拓展
2. I don’t know _________.
A. what happened to him B. what did he happen
C. what he happened D. what happened him
【点拨】happen“发生”是不及物动词，其用法是sth. happen to sb.相当于sb. have sth.,对sth.提问应用what，疑问句的语序不变。类似用法的除了what之外，还有Which is the way to school? Who helped us?等。
【答案】A
归纳拓展
3. I want to know _________next.
A. what to do B. where to do
C. how to do D. when to do
【点拨】what to do是宾语从句变来的简单句，相当于“what+主语+情态动词或助动词+do”。do是及物动词，后边必须加宾语。how to do it才是正确的，相当于“how +主语+情态动词或助动词+do it”；when to do 和how to do 用法同理。
【答案】A
归纳拓展
—Wow, your dress is really nice. Could you tell me ？
—In Beauty Clothes Store.
A. when you bought it B. how much you spent on it
C. where you bought it D. how long you have had it
（抚顺中考）
解析：考查宾语从句连接词。由答语In Beauty Clothes Store“在美丽服装店”可知，上句询问地点，连接词应用where。
答案： C
强化训练
There is so much noise in the next room. I wonder____________.
A. what are they doing B what were they doing
C. what they are doing D. what they were doing
（日照中考）
解析：考查宾语从句语序。句意：隔壁的房间如此吵闹，我想知道他们正在做什么。宾语从句使用陈述句语序，排除选项A、B；根据第一句及主句的时态可知宾语从句使用现在时态，排除选项D。
答案： C
强化训练
—Tom, I went to the party yesterday evening.
—Oh, I want to know at the party.
A. who do you meet B. who you meet
C. who did you meet D. who you met
（沈阳中考）
解析：考查宾语从句的时态和语序。宾语从句要注意引导词、陈述语序、时态。 由上文yesterday evening可以判断下文谈论的是昨天晚上的晚会，故要用过去时，且宾语从句用陈述语序。
答案： D
强化训练
我不知道这位作家将捐赠多少本书。
_____________________________________________________
（本溪中考）
解析：考查宾语从句。根据句意可以看出这是一个陈述句。主语是“我”，谓语是“不知道”，宾语“这位作家将捐赠多少本书”是how many引导的主谓宾结构的句子，即宾语从句；主句用一般现在时，根据从句中的“将”可知从句需用一般将来时。
答案： I don't know how many books the writer is going to donate.
I don't know how many books the writer is going to donate.
强化训练
(共23张PPT)
定语从句
初中英语
什么是定语从句？
考点聚焦
考点聚焦
1
2
3
考点聚焦
The noodles that I cooked were delicious.
She is a teacher who is a woman.
关系词
定语从句
先行词
名师点拨
1.如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词，关系代词应用that、which。
（1）which / that 作主语(不能省)
This is a dream.
The dream will never come true.
This is a dream that/which will never come true.
that/which
先行词
关系词
定语从句
名师点拨
（2）which / that 作宾语 （可省略）
This is the card.
I`ve just received the card.
This is the card ( which / th) I’ve just received.
that/which
先行词
关系词
定语从句
名师点拨
2.如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系词应用who, that 或 whom。
（1）who / that 作主语. (不能省)
This is the film star.
The film star is very popular in China.
This is the film star who is very popular in China.
who/that
先行词
关系词
定语从句
名师点拨
（2）who / whom / that 作宾语( 可省略)
The man is a famous writer.
He described the man just now.
The man ( who/ whom/ that ) he described just now is a famous writer.
( who/ whom/ that )
先行词
关系词
定语从句
名师点拨
3. whose 作定语,表示所属关系。既可以指人，也可以指物。
The boy is my classmate.
The boy’s father is a policeman.
The boy whose father is a policeman is my classmate.
先行词
关系词
定语从句
名师点拨
4.如果先行词是表示地点的名词，关系词应用where（作状语）。
I want to know the place.
I was born there.
I want to know the place where I was born.
where
先行词
关系词
定语从句
名师点拨
This is the only one of the best books that has ever been written on the subject.
【点拨】在“the only one of the +复数名词+定语从句”中，one 是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，谓语动词用单数。
归纳拓展
This is the most exciting match _____ I have ever watched.
A. who B. which C. that D.whom
【点拨】考查定语从句关系代词的选择。句意：这是我曾经看过的最令人兴奋的比赛。先行词是match，排除A、D，先行词由形容词最高级修饰的时候，关系代词必须是that。
归纳拓展
The boy who is standing at the door is my son.
归纳拓展
This is one of the best books that have ever been written on the subject.
归纳拓展
关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语，用关系代词引导从句。
This is the school where Mr. Cheng works.
This is the school that Mr. Cheng set up ten years ago.
关系词在从句中充当状语，用关系副词引导定语从句；
归纳拓展
The?school?(that/which)?he?once?studied?in?is?very?famous.
The?school?in?which?he?once?studied?is?very?famous.
归纳拓展
We'll?go?to?hear?the?famous?singer?(whom/that/who)?we?have?often?talked?about.
We'll?go?to?hear?the?famous?singer?about?whom?we?
have?often?talked.
归纳拓展
I?won’t?forget?the?date on?which?I?was?born.
I?won’t?forget?the?date?when I?was?born.
归纳拓展
This?is?the?room in?which?I?lived.
This?is?the?room?where?I?lived.
归纳拓展
This is the reason why he came late.
This is the reason for which he came late.
归纳拓展
I like the city the people are really kind and friendly.
A. that B. which C. where D. who
（兰州中考）
解析：考查定语从句关系词的选择。句意：我喜欢这座城市，这儿的人们很善良、友好。先行词the city表示地点，在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词选where。
答案： C
强化训练
那位老师给的建议是多么有价值啊！
_________________________________________________
（常州中考）
What valuable advice/suggestions the teacher gave you!
解析：考查定语从句和感叹句。 “建议”，指事物，有两种表达：advice和suggestion。advice是不可数名词，suggestion是可数名词，且在句中是先行词，故关系词用that或which，不作主语，可省略；感叹句结构：What+形容词+名词复数/不可数名词+句子！
答案： What valuable advice/suggestions the teacher gave you!
强化训练
(共23张PPT)
状语从句
初中英语
状语从句
考点聚焦
时间
地点
原因/让步
目的
结果/比较
条件
方式
考点聚焦
常用引导词有when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since, till, until等；特殊引导词有the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when等。如：
He was reading when I came in. 当我进来的时候，他在读书。
名师点拨
常用引导词有where；特殊引导词有wherever, anywhere, everywhere。如：
Wherever you go, I will go with you. 无论你去哪儿，我都跟着。
名师点拨
常用引导词有so that, in order that；特殊引导词有lest, in case, for fear that, in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that。如：
I work hard so that I can go to college in the future.
我努力学习是为了将来能上大学。
名师点拨
He got up so early that he didn’t miss the first bus.
他早早起来，没有错过首班车。
常用引导词有so… that, such … that；特殊引导词有such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that。如：
名师点拨
常用引导词有if, unless；特殊引导词有as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that。如：
I will go fishing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
如果明天不下雨，我就去钓鱼。
名师点拨
My friends dislike me because I’m quiet.
我的朋友们因为我很内向而不喜欢我。
常用引导词有because, since, as, for；特殊引导词有seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that。如：
名师点拨
常用引导词有though, although, even if, even though；特殊引导词有as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装), while ( 一般用在句首 ), no matter …, in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever。如：
Though he is only a child, he knows a lot.
虽然他只是个孩子，但是他懂得很多。
名师点拨
常用引导词有as, as if, how；特殊引导词有the way。如：
When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。
名师点拨
常用引导词有as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)；特殊引导词有the more … the more … , just as …, so…, A is to B what /as X is to Y, no … more than, not A so much as B。如：
I am as tall as he. 我和他一样高。
名师点拨
【点拨】考查while引导的时间状语从句。when和while都有“当……的时候”之意。但while只能表示某一段时间，不能表示某一点时间。在while引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词只能是延续性的，而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在。且while引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态，而when引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态。
【答案】A
_______they were talking, the bell rang.
A. While B. When C. What time D. By
归纳拓展
—The pollution in the sea is terrible!
—I believe the sea will be cleaner we take action now.
A. though B. if C. unless D. until
【点拨】考查连词词义辨析。句意：海里的污染很糟糕！我相信海洋将会变得更加干净，如果我们现在采取行动。根据上句“我相信海洋将会变得更加干净”和下句“我们现在采取行动”可知，上下句是互为条件的。if意为“如果”，引导从句，表条件。
【答案】B
归纳拓展
—What’s your opinion on friends?
—They are like books. We don’t need a lot of them ____ they’re good.
A. as long as B. as soon as C. so that D. as if
（曲靖中考）
解析：考查引导条件状语从句的连接词。句意：—你对朋友的观点如何？—他们就像书一样。只要他们够好，我们就不需要很多。上句“我们就不需要很多”和下句“他们够好”是互为条件的。as long as 意为“只要”，引导条件状语从句。
答案： A
强化训练
直到他露面我才离开。
______________________________
（铁岭中考）
解析：考查until引导的时间状语从句。 not…until…“直到……才……”引导时间状语从句，一般主句是将来时，从句是一般现在时；主句是过去时，从句是过去时；show up“露面；出现”，show的过去式是showed。
答案： I didn’t leave until he showed up.
I didn’t leave until he showed up.
强化训练
_______ Wu Lan is still young, she can help her mother do some housework on weekends.
A. So B. Until C. Though D. Unless
（百色中考）
解析：考查引导让步状语从句的连接词。句意：虽然吴兰还很小，但是在周末她能帮助妈妈做家务。根据she can help her mother do some housework on weekends“在周末她能帮助妈妈做家务”和Wu Lan is still young“吴兰还很小”可知，此题考查though引导的让步状语从句。
答案： C
强化训练
The doctor looks tired and sleepy he stayed up late to look after his patients yesterday.
A. because B. if C. unless D.until
（贵阳中考改编）
解析：考查引导原因状语从句的连接词。句意：这位医生看起来又困又累，他昨天因照顾病人而熬夜了。根据looks tired and sleepy “看起来又累又困”可猜测出，是由于昨天熬夜照顾病人了。because引导原因状语从句。
答案： A
强化训练
—Harry Potter is ____ an interesting novel ____ I want to read it again.
— I agree with you.
A. so; that B. too; to C. such; that D. as; as
（咸宁中考）
解析：考查引导结果状语从句的连接词。句意：—《哈利波特》是一本如此有趣的小说，我想再看一遍。—我同意你的说法。I want to read it again“我想再看一遍”是个句子，故排除B和D；an interesting novel “一本有趣的小说”是名词短语，需用形容词修饰。so是副词。
答案： C
强化训练
他闭上眼睛，仿佛很疲倦的样子。
He closed his eyes, ____________ he were very tired.
as if/ though
解析：考查引导方式状语从句的连接词。as if/ though“仿佛；好像”，在句中引导方式状语从句。
答案： as if/ though
强化训练
We will go ___________（无论在哪儿）the motherland needs us most.
wherever
解析：考查地点状语从句的引导词。句意：我们要到祖国最需要的地方去。go是不及物动词，在句中作谓语，wherever是副词，引导the motherland needs us most这个句子，修饰go，作状语。
答案： wherever
强化训练
—Many boy students think physics is________geography．
—I agree. I’ m weak in geography．
A. much difficult than B. as difficult as
C. less difficult than D. more difficult than
（呼和浩特中考）
解析：考查比较状语从句。句意：—许多男学生认为物理不如地理难。—我同意。我不擅长地理。根据I agree. I’ m weak in geography. “我同意。我不擅长地理” 可推知，许多男学生认为物理不如地理难。 less…than “不如；不及”，than引导的比较状语从句。
答案： C
强化训练
—What a mess! The sharing bikes are thrown everywhere.
—Let’s collect and put them in the right place _____ they can be used
conveniently.
A. unless B. so that C. because D. so long as
（东营中考）
解析：考查引导目的状语从句的连接词。句意：—太乱了！共享单车被扔的到处都是。—为了我们可以很便利地使用它们，让我们把它们整理一下放到合适的地方。由What a mess“太乱了”可推知，把单车整理一下放到合适的地方是为了方便使用。so that“为了；以便于”引导目的状语从句。
答案： B
强化训练
