人教高中英语必修3 Unit3 Grammar Noun clause课件 （共44张PPT）

(共44张PPT)
语法复习
----名词性从句

语法学习
---------名词性从句
句子分为三类：
简单句，并列句和复合句。

概念：
定语从句（adj.)
主语从句，
宾语从句，
表语从句，
同位语从句，
状语从句(adv.)
名词性从句
(n.)
复合句是由从属连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而组成的句子，连词后的句子叫从句。造句或断句时要关注连词。
学习名词性从句的目的：
1.阅读中遇到长句要找连词去 断句，从而更好理解文章。
2.作文中要尽量去用复合句，他们会为你的文章增色不少，具有画龙点睛之奇效。
定义 : “连词+从句”在主句中充当名词，担任主语、宾语、表语以及同位语，从而构成主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，这样的从句叫名词性从句。
. When they will start is not known yet.
. I don’t know when they will start.
. My question is when they will start.
. He asked me the question when we would
start.
Tell the type of each Noun Clouse: 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句
1. What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict.

2. It is certain that things will change.

3. They are careful about what they eat and exercise regularly..

4.The discussion topic for today is what schools will be like
in the future.


5. The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.　


表语从句
主语从句
同位语从句
主语从句
宾语从句
二. 引导词：that, what, whatever, whichever, whoever, if ,whether 以及所有的特殊疑问词,。
注意：that，if 以及whether在引导名词性从句时只起引导作用，不在从句中充当任何成分，而其他的引导词都要做成分。
1.that 用于引导陈述句，没有实际意义，只起引导作用，不在句中做任何成分。只有宾语从句紧挨动词的时候that 可以省略，其他名词性从句中的that绝不可以省略。
1. He said (that) he would set up his own business.
2. The fact is that I have not got a million pound bank note.
3. That he always makes fun of me makes
me angry.
4. The idea that he will take effective measures to protect the ocean is praised
by many people.
2. what ，引导名词性从句的同时，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。从意思上来看，what可以表示“什么”， “所谓的…”和“….的内容”。
Please tell me what I can do for you .
This is what we call “jiaozi”.
What the teacher said in class was written
down by his students.
3. whatever，whoever以及whichever引导名词性从句都具有双重作用：即引导j句子的同时还在所引导的句子中做主语、宾语或表语，意思为”无论什么“， ”无论是谁“， ”无论哪一个“。
You can do whatever you like to relax yourself.
You can choose whichever book you like .
Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
注意： whatever, whoever, whichever 除了可以引导名词性从句以外还可以引导状语从句，相当于“no matter+特殊疑问词+句子”。
Whatever you do, I will support you forever.
Whoever breaks the law, he will be punished.
Whichever book you choose, I will send it to you.
3. if, whether（在句中不做成分，只引导）
只有宾语从句中，if 、whether可以互换使用，表“是否”，但是以下情况只用whether：
和or 、or not连用时
B. 与不定式连用时。
C. 介词后面的宾语从句
在主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句中，只用whether，不用if
表是否时，只要填whether，准确率100%，
所以尽量填whether。
4. 其他引导词要根据句子意思，适当选用，使句子意思完整，结构完整。（除that、if、 whether以外，每一个疑问词都在句中做一定成分，具体看句子的意思来决定）
三. 语序：名词性从句必须用陈述语序
（what’s the matter?
What’s wrong?)
宾语从句：(谓语动词或介词后面）
连词，语序
两个并列的that从句做同一个动词的宾语时，紧挨动词的that可以省略，后面的that绝不可以省略。
He told me that ………..and that ……………
3. Sure， happy，glad，certain
等表语形容词后也可以跟宾语从句。
I am sure that …………
2. 宾语从句的时态要随主句而走，规则如下：
A. 如果主句是一般现在时，从句可以用任何时态。
B. 如果主句是一般过去式，从句要用过去范围内的时态。
C，从句如果是客观真理，格言，谚语， 其时态不受主句限制，只用一般现在时。
4. Make ,find, see, hear等后可以跟形式宾语it，而真正的宾语从句放在句子后面。
I find It necessary that we practise
spoken English every day.
1. That he will come is certain.
2. Whether it will please them is not easy to say.
3. What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.
4. Which side will win is not clear.
5. Why he did it remains a mystery.
6. When they will start is not known yet.
7. How he became a great scientist is known to us all.
8. Who will take part in the meeting has not been decided.
9. Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
10. Where she is from is unknown.
主语从句（谓语动词之前或句子后面）：


1. _____ you don’t like him is none of my business.

2. ________ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

3. _______ he came from still puzzles all of us.

That
Whether
考考你：. Fill in the blanks with proper
Introductory words
Where
4. _____ was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.

5. ______the headmaster said today was quite right.? .

6.________ of them escaped from the prison is still a mystery.

7._______ the plane is to take off has not been announced.

Who
What
Which
When
It is certain that he will win the match.
That he will win the match is certain.
注解：一般来说主语从句都是放在 ,
但有时为了使句子 ,避免”头重脚轻”,
常用 作 ，从而把主语从句放在
．

句首
保持平衡
it
形式主语
后面
Note：
这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:
1) It is + n. +that
　 It is a pity/shame that... 可惜的是……
　 It is a surprise that… 令人吃惊的是…
　 It is a fact that… 事实是…
It is common knowledge that … …是常识

*_______________(很可惜)we lost the match.
*______________(这是事实)he cheated in the exam.
It is a pity that
It is a fact that
1. 令人吃惊的是他改变了主意。
It is a surprise that he changed his mind.
2. 真可惜你错过了这么一个好机会。
It is a pity that you missed such a good chance.
3. 事实是我们周围的污染正变得越来越严重。
It is a fact that the pollution around us is becoming more and more serious.
2) It is + adj. +that
　 It’s certain that… 肯定…
　 It is possible/likely that... 很可能……
It is obvious/clear that… 很明显…
It is true that…的确…
It is necessary \important \natural\... that…

*_______________(很可能)she will come back tomorrow.
*_______________(很明显) he is an English.
+(should) +do…
It is possible that
It is obvious that
1. 很可能他会申请这项工作的。
It is likely that he will apply for the job.
2. 的确我犯了个错误。
It is true that I made a mistake.
3. 有必要我们要学习英语。
It is necessary that we should learn English.
3) It +不及物动词+that
It happened that... 碰巧……
It occurred to me that…我突然想起…
It appears/seems that… 似乎，好像…
It turned out that… 原来…
*________________(刚好)I was out yesterday.
*____________________(我突然想起)I forgot to sent the letter.
It happened that
It occurred to me that
1. 好像是我错了。
It appears that I am wrong.
2. 碰巧他得去参加一个会议。
It happened that he had to attend a meeting.
3. 我突然想起他会说英语。
It occurs to me that he can speak English.
4. 原来他是Mary的朋友。
It turned out that he was Mary’s friend.
4) It + be +过去分词+从句
It is said that... 据说……
It is known to all that... 众所周知……
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is believed that...据相信……;人们相信……
It is suggested that + (should）do... 建议……

*_________________(据报道)20 people were killed in the accident.
*__________________(建议)we should eat more vegetable and do more exercise.
It is reported that
It is suggested that
1.据说他已经去了上海。
It’s said that he has gone to Shanghai.
2. 众所周知台湾是中国的一部分.
It is known to all that Taiwan is part of China.
3. 有人建议我们应该多做运动。
It is suggested that we should take more exercise.

例1.When will he come is not known.
规律一、主语从句一律用陈述语序，
即主语在前，谓语在后。
正：When he will come is not known.
找出下列句子中的错误并总结规律
例2. He will not come to the meeting
this evening is true.
正：That he will not come to the
meeting this evening is true.
规律二、连词that 在从句中无实际意义，
但不能省略。
例3. If the meeting will be put off
has not been decided yet.
正： Whether the meeting will be put
off has not been decided yet.
规律三、whether 可以引导主语从句，
放在句首，但if不能
例4. When he will come are a puzzle.
正：When he will come is a puzzle.
规律四：句子作主语，谓语动词往往
用单数。
When the meeting will begin _____ (have) not been decided yet .
has
When and where the meeting will begin _____ (have) not been decided yet .
has
考考你：
但what引导的句子作主语时，
谓语动词要看情况而定
例5 1. What he needs ___ that book.
2. What he needs ____some books.
what 引导的主语从句，可根据
表语决定主句动词的单复数形式。
is
are
例6 : That whether he will help others is a fact.
正： That he will help others is a fact
规律六：主语从句的连词不能重叠使用
表语从句：（跟在系动词之后）
表语从句易错点：
造句时不要把表语从句的引导词漏掉。
The reason why ……..is that………..
表语从句还可以用 as if、because,why 引导。
It looks as if…………
It is because…….. This is why……..
同位语从句:（位置，引导词，作用）
连词加从句跟在名词后，用以解释说明前面名词
所表示的具体内容,这样的从句叫同位语从句。
The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.
2. Some people have the idea that you can cross
Canada in less than five days, but they forget the
fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometers from coast
to coast.
3. The news that our football team lost the match again made us upset.
同位语从句一般跟在抽象名词news ;
idea; word（消息）; fact; hope; doubt; belief; possibility; problem; question; thought; promise; information; message; decision ; answer; reply， sign, reality等后面，但有时被其它词隔开，称分隔式同位语从句。
A report goes that WenZhang has made
a mistake recently.
The news surprised everyone
that our football team lost the match again.
位置：
同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
一.相似处：都跟在名词后面。
二.区别：1. 从句功能不一样.定语从句修饰限定
名词,相当于一个形容词，而同位语从句对名词进
行解释说明，相当于一个名词。
2. 引导词不一样，that的功能不一样.定语从句
中that既起引导作用,又在从句中担当主语或宾
语,且作宾语时可以省略,但是同位语从句中的
that 只起引导从句的作用，不在从句中担当任
何成分,且永不可以省略。
比较：
15.We expressed the hope that they had expressed.

We expressed the hope that they would come to visit
China again.
16.The news that he told me just now is true.

The news that I have passed the exam is true.

17.The advice that he gave was supported by us all.

The advice that we should set out at once was supported
by us all.
（定语从句）
（同位语从句）
（定语从句）
（同位语从句）
（定语从句）
（同位语从句）
注意：表示请求，建议，命令，要求的动词、名词如果用于名词性从句，该名词性从句要用should+动词原形。
He suggested that we should adopt his advice.
It is suggested that we should adopt his advice.
My suggestion is that we should adopt his advice.
He doesn’t agree to my suggestion that we should
adopt his advice.
如何处理阅读中的长难句：
找连词！！！！！！！！
辩从句！！！！！！！！
再看意思！！！！！！！