高考英语二轮专题复习：短文改错 课件（37张PPT）
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| 名称 | 高考英语二轮专题复习：短文改错 课件（37张PPT） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2020-03-08 23:54:34 | ||
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文档简介
(共37张PPT)
教 学 目 标
1）了解高考短文改错题的错误设置规律
2）掌握短文改错的改正方法
3）提高篇章结构分析和语言纠错的能力
4）培养学生的规范答题习惯
短文改错的常见错误
1、冠词的多用、少用、混用。
2、名词的数与格的误用。
3、主谓不一致的错误。
4、代词的指代不一致的错误。
5、动词的时态、语态和语气的误用。
6、非谓语动词的误用。
7、形容词、副词的混用及其比较等级的误用。
8、关联词语的误用。
9、成分的多与少——多一词或少一词。
10、固定搭配、习惯用法和介词的误用。
课前导学---find the mistakes
[例1] I look forward to see her again in the near future.
[例2] After hear your sad stories, he will say some words that is nice and warm.
[例3]I find that the neighborhood which I used to living in has changed a lot.
[例4]So I helped them going to the nearest hospital.
[例5] I was at the Shanhai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hangzhou.
seeing
hearing
live
go
buying
(例6）He was tall, with broad shoulder
（例7） since then---for all these year---we
have been allowing tomatoes to self seed
where they please
（例8）The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.
shoulders
years
air
What’s the main trouble when correcting a passage?
1. 看不出句子有错，感觉越读越对。
2. 看出句子错误, 但无法改正。
3. 不能从篇章角度考虑问题。
学生的困惑
看了答案什么都明白，做题时想不到，
因为：这些错误也是我常犯的
找到思路最重要！思路在哪里？命题规律…
Any rules？
Any skills？
How to complete Proof-reading
如何做改错题？
The steps of correcting
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除 或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（＾)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线〔\〕划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
What is the proof reading ？
高考短文改错的设错方式
1. 缺词补漏
I like playing piano.
the
2. 多词删除
I’m more taller than him.
3. 错词更正
I am fond at English.
of
答 题 原 则 严 遵 守
1.添词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
2.删词：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。?
3.修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。?
4.注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词。?
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
规
范
性
原 则
“ 四不改原则”
⑴ 单词拼写不改
⑵ 大小写不改
如： Much rare animals are dying out.
⑶ 词序错误不改﹙应从错词或少词方面考虑﹚
⑷ 标点符号不改
Many
“五不动原则 ”
（1）忠实原文原则（不改原文的原意）
（2）一对一原则（一错一词）
（3）错误以改动最少原则
（4）虚词以添加或者删除为原则
（5）实词以改变形式为原则
常考的考点
一、冠词
二、谓语动词形
三、非谓语
四、名词数
五、形容词、副词
六、代词
七、介词和固定搭配
八、复合句连词、疑问词
九、逻辑关系
短文改错解题思路和检查原则
1）句中各部分的结构是否完整，特别是每个句子要有动词；
2）谓语动词的时态、语态；
3）非谓语动词的用法；
4）名词的单、复数，格的使用是否正确；
5）定冠词和不定冠词是否正确；
6）代词的格式和词性的使用是否有误；
7）定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误；
8）并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。
分析语境逻辑看有关名词表示特指还是泛指，表示特指时用the修饰，表示泛指且有“一……”之意时，元音发音开头的单词前用an 修饰，辅音发音开头的单词前用a修饰。同时还应注意习惯表达中冠词的使用情况。
1. We may be one family and live under a same roof.
2. What a fun it is to go swimming in summer.
3.The driver put the window down and offered us a umbrella.
the
1冠词
an
1.名词单、复数形式误用
注意可数名词与不可数名词
1. …so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject.
2. He collected some informations about computers.
subjects
information
2名 词 数
I hold my lunch-box in my hand when I was going to
school. The smell from it was very good.(2011.江苏)
3.Katia, like many other Russian girls, are nice
and lovely. （2011?重庆卷）
2.It was a wonderful surprise as nothing like that had ever been happened to us. (2012·浙江)
3动 词 形
held
is
1.动词的时态和语态错误. 2. 主、谓不一致的错误。因此看到动词时，一定要根据上下文和时间状语检查动词的时态和语态的运用及谓语的单复数是否正确。
动词形
1. When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there.
. 2. We must found ways to protect your environment.
3.If they will give me some information I will tell you.
thought
find
提醒：在含有时间、条件状语从句的复合句中，
主句用将来时态，从句中则用一般现在时态
【2014新课标全国II】
My dream school look like a big garden.
【2014全国卷大纲版】
The understanding between two friends mean both of them have similar ideas and trusting each other.
looks
means
动名词，不定式或从句做主语谓语动词用单数。
1.分清形容词和副词用法
2.正确使用比较级和最高级
3.形容词的ed形式与ing形式
1. He asked angry if we had finished the work. (2005)
2. His father looks much more happier today.
angrily
修饰名词
作定语或表语
修饰动词,形容词,副词,
作状语
4 还要注意形和副
2010 全国卷：
My friend Nick told me a story which
was interested.
interesting
5、代词
错误类型： ①人称代词主格和宾格的误用；
②代词前后指代的误用；
③不定代词的误用；
④反身代词的误用。
改正方法： ①分析上下文弄清人称代词的正确指代；
②主格人称代词作主语，宾格人称代词作宾语，形容词性物主代词作定语，名词性物主代词作主语、宾语和表语，反身代词作宾语或同位语。
③分析句子成分可以发现并改正缺少的人称代词。
[1] I was happy when the toys worked, but when things went wrong, I got angry and broke it.
[2] After we left, I said, “That was very nice of you , Mother. But I didn’t think she looked like Grandma.” “Neither did me,” said Mother cheerfully.
3] For a while parents bought me new toys.
代词当堂练
∧
them
I
my
6、介词
错误类型：多用、少用与误用介词。
改正方法：分析语境逻辑及检查介词与动词、 名词、 形容词、副词等的搭配。常考查含有介词的固定短语，因此要加强对短语的积累。
6.介词也需谨慎看，搭配错误较常见。
?1.Because the help you gave me that summer ,my life changed.
2. When a young man starts to earn his own living ,he can no longer expect others to pay his food .
3. At Christmas Eve, Jim went with his father to choose a Christmas tree.
4.After five years away in my hometown, I find that …
5. …so that we can help each other on the course work.
of
for
On
from
with
这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现在分词、过去分词.动名词和不定式错误。现在分词和过去分词的区别为：前者表示“动作主动和进行”，后者表示“动作被动和完成”。考生要加强对含to短语的积累和总结，注意to何时能够省略，何时为介词，何时为不定式。 ②要牢记make、have、let后跟动词作宾补时不加to，作主补时要加to； ③介词后作宾语的动词形态用动名词形式；
非谓语， 细辨别
1.On the box was a card say: “25 cents each” .
saying
2..Play basketball makes us grow up tall
and strong.
3..Giving more time, we could do it
much better.
playing
Given
1. Everybody sleeps in tents, that is very interesting.
2. Although it is raining heavily, but I decided to go out.
which
(一) 注意定语从句中关系代词和关系副词正确用法
名词性从句（连接代词/副词/从属连词的混用）
(二) 注意连词and/ but, and/ or, but/ however之间错用
(三) 注意从属连词如because与so, though /although与but, if与and / or 等不能同时使用.
连 词
1.Before her leaving, I prepared a gift to show my
best wishes to him. She …
逻辑错误需关注
2.I opened the wallet, tying to find out whose it was. Therefore, I found nothing but 300 yuan in it.
However
her
1.在整句理解的基础上，理清前后句的逻辑关系，特别注意and、 or、 but、 after、before、 however、 therefore、 besides、 unless 、if等词的使用是否正确。2.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的误用，特别是which与that的误用；3.名词性从句中连接词的误用，特别是what和that的误用。
in hurry
in Sunday afternoon
such many people
a
on
∨
so
习惯用法要记住
（改错）One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. It was very crowded. Tony saw a toy on a shop window. He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. Tony was scared and begun to cry. A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop. Five minutes later. Tony saw parents. Mom said, “How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried.” Tony promised her that this would never happen again.
parents
his
in
looking
that
the
began
terribly
told
动词形，名词数
还要注意形和副
非谓语，细辨别
习惯用法要记住
句子成分多分析
冠词连词常光顾
逻辑错误须关注
A Limerick(打油诗）
应试策略小结
1、步骤：1）. 通读全文, 理解文章.
2）. 先易后难, 找出明错.
3）. 对照考点, 深入审读.
2、原则：尊重原文；实词变形；虚词删增换.
3、提示：标点符号不改；大小写不改；次
序错误不改；单词无拼写错误.
Practice makes perfect.
Long long ago, there lived the man who was so lazy that no job was fit of him . In order to make a living he one day went to a neighbor of him for help. The neighbor advised him work as a cemetery（公墓） caretaker as it was the most easiest job one could find in the world. The lazy man is delighted and soon became a cemetery caretaker. But to everybody’s surprising he resigned his job three days before he got it . “It’s unfair. ” He said to the neighbor angry. “In the cemetery all others are lying still while I am the only one who have to stand.
Practice makes perfect
Have a nice day!
教 学 目 标
1）了解高考短文改错题的错误设置规律
2）掌握短文改错的改正方法
3）提高篇章结构分析和语言纠错的能力
4）培养学生的规范答题习惯
短文改错的常见错误
1、冠词的多用、少用、混用。
2、名词的数与格的误用。
3、主谓不一致的错误。
4、代词的指代不一致的错误。
5、动词的时态、语态和语气的误用。
6、非谓语动词的误用。
7、形容词、副词的混用及其比较等级的误用。
8、关联词语的误用。
9、成分的多与少——多一词或少一词。
10、固定搭配、习惯用法和介词的误用。
课前导学---find the mistakes
[例1] I look forward to see her again in the near future.
[例2] After hear your sad stories, he will say some words that is nice and warm.
[例3]I find that the neighborhood which I used to living in has changed a lot.
[例4]So I helped them going to the nearest hospital.
[例5] I was at the Shanhai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hangzhou.
seeing
hearing
live
go
buying
(例6）He was tall, with broad shoulder
（例7） since then---for all these year---we
have been allowing tomatoes to self seed
where they please
（例8）The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.
shoulders
years
air
What’s the main trouble when correcting a passage?
1. 看不出句子有错，感觉越读越对。
2. 看出句子错误, 但无法改正。
3. 不能从篇章角度考虑问题。
学生的困惑
看了答案什么都明白，做题时想不到，
因为：这些错误也是我常犯的
找到思路最重要！思路在哪里？命题规律…
Any rules？
Any skills？
How to complete Proof-reading
如何做改错题？
The steps of correcting
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除 或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（＾)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线〔\〕划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
What is the proof reading ？
高考短文改错的设错方式
1. 缺词补漏
I like playing piano.
the
2. 多词删除
I’m more taller than him.
3. 错词更正
I am fond at English.
of
答 题 原 则 严 遵 守
1.添词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
2.删词：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。?
3.修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。?
4.注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词。?
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
规
范
性
原 则
“ 四不改原则”
⑴ 单词拼写不改
⑵ 大小写不改
如： Much rare animals are dying out.
⑶ 词序错误不改﹙应从错词或少词方面考虑﹚
⑷ 标点符号不改
Many
“五不动原则 ”
（1）忠实原文原则（不改原文的原意）
（2）一对一原则（一错一词）
（3）错误以改动最少原则
（4）虚词以添加或者删除为原则
（5）实词以改变形式为原则
常考的考点
一、冠词
二、谓语动词形
三、非谓语
四、名词数
五、形容词、副词
六、代词
七、介词和固定搭配
八、复合句连词、疑问词
九、逻辑关系
短文改错解题思路和检查原则
1）句中各部分的结构是否完整，特别是每个句子要有动词；
2）谓语动词的时态、语态；
3）非谓语动词的用法；
4）名词的单、复数，格的使用是否正确；
5）定冠词和不定冠词是否正确；
6）代词的格式和词性的使用是否有误；
7）定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误；
8）并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。
分析语境逻辑看有关名词表示特指还是泛指，表示特指时用the修饰，表示泛指且有“一……”之意时，元音发音开头的单词前用an 修饰，辅音发音开头的单词前用a修饰。同时还应注意习惯表达中冠词的使用情况。
1. We may be one family and live under a same roof.
2. What a fun it is to go swimming in summer.
3.The driver put the window down and offered us a umbrella.
the
1冠词
an
1.名词单、复数形式误用
注意可数名词与不可数名词
1. …so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject.
2. He collected some informations about computers.
subjects
information
2名 词 数
I hold my lunch-box in my hand when I was going to
school. The smell from it was very good.(2011.江苏)
3.Katia, like many other Russian girls, are nice
and lovely. （2011?重庆卷）
2.It was a wonderful surprise as nothing like that had ever been happened to us. (2012·浙江)
3动 词 形
held
is
1.动词的时态和语态错误. 2. 主、谓不一致的错误。因此看到动词时，一定要根据上下文和时间状语检查动词的时态和语态的运用及谓语的单复数是否正确。
动词形
1. When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there.
. 2. We must found ways to protect your environment.
3.If they will give me some information I will tell you.
thought
find
提醒：在含有时间、条件状语从句的复合句中，
主句用将来时态，从句中则用一般现在时态
【2014新课标全国II】
My dream school look like a big garden.
【2014全国卷大纲版】
The understanding between two friends mean both of them have similar ideas and trusting each other.
looks
means
动名词，不定式或从句做主语谓语动词用单数。
1.分清形容词和副词用法
2.正确使用比较级和最高级
3.形容词的ed形式与ing形式
1. He asked angry if we had finished the work. (2005)
2. His father looks much more happier today.
angrily
修饰名词
作定语或表语
修饰动词,形容词,副词,
作状语
4 还要注意形和副
2010 全国卷：
My friend Nick told me a story which
was interested.
interesting
5、代词
错误类型： ①人称代词主格和宾格的误用；
②代词前后指代的误用；
③不定代词的误用；
④反身代词的误用。
改正方法： ①分析上下文弄清人称代词的正确指代；
②主格人称代词作主语，宾格人称代词作宾语，形容词性物主代词作定语，名词性物主代词作主语、宾语和表语，反身代词作宾语或同位语。
③分析句子成分可以发现并改正缺少的人称代词。
[1] I was happy when the toys worked, but when things went wrong, I got angry and broke it.
[2] After we left, I said, “That was very nice of you , Mother. But I didn’t think she looked like Grandma.” “Neither did me,” said Mother cheerfully.
3] For a while parents bought me new toys.
代词当堂练
∧
them
I
my
6、介词
错误类型：多用、少用与误用介词。
改正方法：分析语境逻辑及检查介词与动词、 名词、 形容词、副词等的搭配。常考查含有介词的固定短语，因此要加强对短语的积累。
6.介词也需谨慎看，搭配错误较常见。
?1.Because the help you gave me that summer ,my life changed.
2. When a young man starts to earn his own living ,he can no longer expect others to pay his food .
3. At Christmas Eve, Jim went with his father to choose a Christmas tree.
4.After five years away in my hometown, I find that …
5. …so that we can help each other on the course work.
of
for
On
from
with
这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现在分词、过去分词.动名词和不定式错误。现在分词和过去分词的区别为：前者表示“动作主动和进行”，后者表示“动作被动和完成”。考生要加强对含to短语的积累和总结，注意to何时能够省略，何时为介词，何时为不定式。 ②要牢记make、have、let后跟动词作宾补时不加to，作主补时要加to； ③介词后作宾语的动词形态用动名词形式；
非谓语， 细辨别
1.On the box was a card say: “25 cents each” .
saying
2..Play basketball makes us grow up tall
and strong.
3..Giving more time, we could do it
much better.
playing
Given
1. Everybody sleeps in tents, that is very interesting.
2. Although it is raining heavily, but I decided to go out.
which
(一) 注意定语从句中关系代词和关系副词正确用法
名词性从句（连接代词/副词/从属连词的混用）
(二) 注意连词and/ but, and/ or, but/ however之间错用
(三) 注意从属连词如because与so, though /although与but, if与and / or 等不能同时使用.
连 词
1.Before her leaving, I prepared a gift to show my
best wishes to him. She …
逻辑错误需关注
2.I opened the wallet, tying to find out whose it was. Therefore, I found nothing but 300 yuan in it.
However
her
1.在整句理解的基础上，理清前后句的逻辑关系，特别注意and、 or、 but、 after、before、 however、 therefore、 besides、 unless 、if等词的使用是否正确。2.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的误用，特别是which与that的误用；3.名词性从句中连接词的误用，特别是what和that的误用。
in hurry
in Sunday afternoon
such many people
a
on
∨
so
习惯用法要记住
（改错）One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. It was very crowded. Tony saw a toy on a shop window. He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. Tony was scared and begun to cry. A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop. Five minutes later. Tony saw parents. Mom said, “How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried.” Tony promised her that this would never happen again.
parents
his
in
looking
that
the
began
terribly
told
动词形，名词数
还要注意形和副
非谓语，细辨别
习惯用法要记住
句子成分多分析
冠词连词常光顾
逻辑错误须关注
A Limerick(打油诗）
应试策略小结
1、步骤：1）. 通读全文, 理解文章.
2）. 先易后难, 找出明错.
3）. 对照考点, 深入审读.
2、原则：尊重原文；实词变形；虚词删增换.
3、提示：标点符号不改；大小写不改；次
序错误不改；单词无拼写错误.
Practice makes perfect.
Long long ago, there lived the man who was so lazy that no job was fit of him . In order to make a living he one day went to a neighbor of him for help. The neighbor advised him work as a cemetery（公墓） caretaker as it was the most easiest job one could find in the world. The lazy man is delighted and soon became a cemetery caretaker. But to everybody’s surprising he resigned his job three days before he got it . “It’s unfair. ” He said to the neighbor angry. “In the cemetery all others are lying still while I am the only one who have to stand.
Practice makes perfect
Have a nice day!