高考英语二轮专题复习：构词法 课件（35张PPT）
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| 名称 | 高考英语二轮专题复习：构词法 课件（35张PPT） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2020-03-09 08:50:37 | ||
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(共35张PPT)
构词法
(Word Formation)
If you meet the new words while reading, what will you do ?
Guess the meaning!
When we deal with the problems in reading comprehension, we can use Word Formation to help us, but the context(上下文，语境) is also very important.
合成词 Compounding
pain-killer
＋
＝
＋
＝
color- blind
＋
＝
sleep-walk
sleep-walker
一.合成名词
pain-killer supermarket
bookstore snowstorm
二.合成动词
overwork
underline
三.合成形容词
warm-hearted
hard-working
well-known
四.合成副词
however
whatever
五.合成代词
something anybody
合成:把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词。
1) The fire lasted about 4 hours before the ______ could control it.
2) At school she formed a close _________ with several other girls.
3) They decide to spend their holiday at the _______.
4) He put on his ________ before he went out.
firefighters
friendship
seaside
overcoat
Make compound words and fill in the blanks.
A: sea, over, fire, friend
B: ship, fighter, coat, ship
…Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them. …
What does the word “shoplifter” mean? (10高考)
A. 商店里的小偷
B. 商店里的推销员
C. 商店里的老客户
D. 商店里的搬运工
A
For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs.
生死攸关的
Down-to-earth spirit is a necessity. Sharp words from a teacher can usually bring a day-dreaming student down-to-earth.
honest or practical
实事求是，脚踏实地
?Some fat people have a large stomach and no waist-line which makes them look round, rather like apples.
腰线、腰围
注意: 复合词的词义并不总是构成它的各部分简单相加的和, 有时会发生转义, 例如, restroom 的意思不是休息室, 而是公共厕所!
For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs.
生死攸关的
Never trouble trouble until
trouble troubles you.
二.转化法（Conversion）
转化法（Conversion）
He has a good taste.
The cake tastes good.
clean
adj. 干净
v.清扫
Please keep our classroom clean.
You have to clean the table after lunch.
派
生
法
前缀
后缀
否定前缀
其他前缀
名词后缀
形容词后缀
副词后缀
动词后缀
否定前缀
其他前缀
派生词（derivation）
1) 前缀:
(1) dis-: disagree, dislike, disappear
(2) in-/ im-: incorrect, impossible
(3) un-: unhappy, uncertain,
(4) non-: nonstop, nonsmoker
(5) re-: rewrite, rebuild
(6) inter: internet, interaction,
(7) sub: subway, subtitle
(8) over: overweight, overgrown
2) 后缀:
(1) 构成名词：
(2) 构成形容词:
(3) 构成动词:
(4) 构成副词:
(5) 构成数词:
-er, -ese, -ist, -ian,
-ment, -tion, -ness, -th.
musician, agreement
-al, -ful, -y, -less
national, careful, cloudy
-fy: beautify, simplify
-ly: badly
-teen, -ty, -th thirteen, sixty
1.With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.(2013NMET)
unconditional:
nonjudgmental:
无条件的，绝对的
没有判断力的
2….The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full. And a special piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables.
recycle v. 使再循环，回收利用
recyclable adj. 可回收利用的
nonrecyclable n. 不能回收利用的东西
3…. Another myth about eyes is that they can be transplanted. It is quite difficult to connect an eyeball to a new brain…
trans- change
transplant 移植
transport 运输，交通
注意:
前缀改变词义,不改变词性; 后缀改变词性,不改变词义.
请做下列高考真题。
1. (2013) That would be a very _______(reason) thing to do in a big city.
思路点拨：reasonable 在名词前作定语要用形容词。
真题重现
2. (2011) He must be ________(mental) disabled.
思路点拨：mentally 修饰分词形容词作状语，用副词。
3. (2010) His teacher took a deep drink，smiled _________ (warm)，and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.
思路点拨：warmly 修饰动词smiled作状语，用副词形式。
4. He failed his math examination because of his_________ (care) work.
解析：在形容词性物主代词与名词之间必定是填形容词作定语，如填careful(细心的)，句子的逻辑意义不通，要填careless(粗心的)才通顺。
注意：
有时不但要注意词性转换，而且还要考虑用表示相反意义的前缀或后缀，其逻辑意义才通顺。
1. I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time. ______________ (fortunate), I was held up by the heavy traffic jam.
2. I won’t do the purchase because the price of this dress is_______________ (reason).
3. However, most __________ (science) agree that EQ has a lot to do with_________ (educate).
unreasonable
scientists
education
Unfortunately
实战演习
4.Excellent_______________ (communicate) skills in Chinese and English are of great ___________ (important).
5. He devoted much money to building schools in ___________ (mountain) areas.
6. As is known to us all, the Entrance Exam is a great ____________ , and the students are ____________. (compete)
communication
importance
competition
competitors
mountainous
I hated__1__ (wait) for her for hours without__2__ (know) when she would come. On her__3__ (arrive),she would always hugged me, promising never to be late again. I used to stare at her in__4__ (angry),telling her that her arrival late made me __5__ (extreme) angry and that I wanted to end our__6__ (friend). __7__ , she never seemed to be care. She told me that she always thought of me as one of her __8__ (close) friends and if I left her, that would be a severe__9__(punish)to her. Finally we reached an__10__(agree)that we would still be good friends, but she mustn’t be late again.
Keys：(1)waiting (2)knowing
(3)arrival (4)anger (5) extremely
(6)friendship (7)However (8)close
(9)punishment (10)agreement
correct
correction
incorrect
independent
depend
dependable
disable
disability
impossible
possible
possibility
expression
education
wrong
mistaken
mistake
misunderstand
understand
underground
undergraduate
graduate
graduation
underway
subway
n
O
独立的
adj
n
S
S
n
大学生
root
n
地下的
地下通道
地铁
四、缩略法（ Abbreviation ）
VIP
WWW
DIY
Very Important Person
World Wide Web
Do it yourself.
派生法（Derivation）
合成法(Compounding)
转化法（Conversion）
缩略法（Abbreviation）
1. He was one of the best _______ in the football match. (play)
2. It snowed _______ last night and now the streets are covered with snow. (heavy)
3. Edison was a great ________.During his life he had many __________. (invent)
players
heavily
inventor
inventions
Use the appropriate form of the words to fill in the blanks.
4. The mother didn’t know why her daughter was crying _______. (noise)
5. Please give me some reference work. It will ________ my task. (simple)
6. The doctor said that Mary’s mother needed an _________.(operate)
noisily
simplify
operation
构词法
(Word Formation)
If you meet the new words while reading, what will you do ?
Guess the meaning!
When we deal with the problems in reading comprehension, we can use Word Formation to help us, but the context(上下文，语境) is also very important.
合成词 Compounding
pain-killer
＋
＝
＋
＝
color- blind
＋
＝
sleep-walk
sleep-walker
一.合成名词
pain-killer supermarket
bookstore snowstorm
二.合成动词
overwork
underline
三.合成形容词
warm-hearted
hard-working
well-known
四.合成副词
however
whatever
五.合成代词
something anybody
合成:把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词。
1) The fire lasted about 4 hours before the ______ could control it.
2) At school she formed a close _________ with several other girls.
3) They decide to spend their holiday at the _______.
4) He put on his ________ before he went out.
firefighters
friendship
seaside
overcoat
Make compound words and fill in the blanks.
A: sea, over, fire, friend
B: ship, fighter, coat, ship
…Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them. …
What does the word “shoplifter” mean? (10高考)
A. 商店里的小偷
B. 商店里的推销员
C. 商店里的老客户
D. 商店里的搬运工
A
For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs.
生死攸关的
Down-to-earth spirit is a necessity. Sharp words from a teacher can usually bring a day-dreaming student down-to-earth.
honest or practical
实事求是，脚踏实地
?Some fat people have a large stomach and no waist-line which makes them look round, rather like apples.
腰线、腰围
注意: 复合词的词义并不总是构成它的各部分简单相加的和, 有时会发生转义, 例如, restroom 的意思不是休息室, 而是公共厕所!
For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs.
生死攸关的
Never trouble trouble until
trouble troubles you.
二.转化法（Conversion）
转化法（Conversion）
He has a good taste.
The cake tastes good.
clean
adj. 干净
v.清扫
Please keep our classroom clean.
You have to clean the table after lunch.
派
生
法
前缀
后缀
否定前缀
其他前缀
名词后缀
形容词后缀
副词后缀
动词后缀
否定前缀
其他前缀
派生词（derivation）
1) 前缀:
(1) dis-: disagree, dislike, disappear
(2) in-/ im-: incorrect, impossible
(3) un-: unhappy, uncertain,
(4) non-: nonstop, nonsmoker
(5) re-: rewrite, rebuild
(6) inter: internet, interaction,
(7) sub: subway, subtitle
(8) over: overweight, overgrown
2) 后缀:
(1) 构成名词：
(2) 构成形容词:
(3) 构成动词:
(4) 构成副词:
(5) 构成数词:
-er, -ese, -ist, -ian,
-ment, -tion, -ness, -th.
musician, agreement
-al, -ful, -y, -less
national, careful, cloudy
-fy: beautify, simplify
-ly: badly
-teen, -ty, -th thirteen, sixty
1.With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.(2013NMET)
unconditional:
nonjudgmental:
无条件的，绝对的
没有判断力的
2….The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full. And a special piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables.
recycle v. 使再循环，回收利用
recyclable adj. 可回收利用的
nonrecyclable n. 不能回收利用的东西
3…. Another myth about eyes is that they can be transplanted. It is quite difficult to connect an eyeball to a new brain…
trans- change
transplant 移植
transport 运输，交通
注意:
前缀改变词义,不改变词性; 后缀改变词性,不改变词义.
请做下列高考真题。
1. (2013) That would be a very _______(reason) thing to do in a big city.
思路点拨：reasonable 在名词前作定语要用形容词。
真题重现
2. (2011) He must be ________(mental) disabled.
思路点拨：mentally 修饰分词形容词作状语，用副词。
3. (2010) His teacher took a deep drink，smiled _________ (warm)，and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.
思路点拨：warmly 修饰动词smiled作状语，用副词形式。
4. He failed his math examination because of his_________ (care) work.
解析：在形容词性物主代词与名词之间必定是填形容词作定语，如填careful(细心的)，句子的逻辑意义不通，要填careless(粗心的)才通顺。
注意：
有时不但要注意词性转换，而且还要考虑用表示相反意义的前缀或后缀，其逻辑意义才通顺。
1. I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time. ______________ (fortunate), I was held up by the heavy traffic jam.
2. I won’t do the purchase because the price of this dress is_______________ (reason).
3. However, most __________ (science) agree that EQ has a lot to do with_________ (educate).
unreasonable
scientists
education
Unfortunately
实战演习
4.Excellent_______________ (communicate) skills in Chinese and English are of great ___________ (important).
5. He devoted much money to building schools in ___________ (mountain) areas.
6. As is known to us all, the Entrance Exam is a great ____________ , and the students are ____________. (compete)
communication
importance
competition
competitors
mountainous
I hated__1__ (wait) for her for hours without__2__ (know) when she would come. On her__3__ (arrive),she would always hugged me, promising never to be late again. I used to stare at her in__4__ (angry),telling her that her arrival late made me __5__ (extreme) angry and that I wanted to end our__6__ (friend). __7__ , she never seemed to be care. She told me that she always thought of me as one of her __8__ (close) friends and if I left her, that would be a severe__9__(punish)to her. Finally we reached an__10__(agree)that we would still be good friends, but she mustn’t be late again.
Keys：(1)waiting (2)knowing
(3)arrival (4)anger (5) extremely
(6)friendship (7)However (8)close
(9)punishment (10)agreement
correct
correction
incorrect
independent
depend
dependable
disable
disability
impossible
possible
possibility
expression
education
wrong
mistaken
mistake
misunderstand
understand
underground
undergraduate
graduate
graduation
underway
subway
n
O
独立的
adj
n
S
S
n
大学生
root
n
地下的
地下通道
地铁
四、缩略法（ Abbreviation ）
VIP
WWW
DIY
Very Important Person
World Wide Web
Do it yourself.
派生法（Derivation）
合成法(Compounding)
转化法（Conversion）
缩略法（Abbreviation）
1. He was one of the best _______ in the football match. (play)
2. It snowed _______ last night and now the streets are covered with snow. (heavy)
3. Edison was a great ________.During his life he had many __________. (invent)
players
heavily
inventor
inventions
Use the appropriate form of the words to fill in the blanks.
4. The mother didn’t know why her daughter was crying _______. (noise)
5. Please give me some reference work. It will ________ my task. (simple)
6. The doctor said that Mary’s mother needed an _________.(operate)
noisily
simplify
operation