人教高中英语必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars Grammar 课件（共61张PPT）

(共61张PPT)
Grammar
1.Many people wondered ____________
__________________________. (attract)
很多人想知道为什么迪玛希（Dimash）吸引了那么多粉丝。
OC宾语从句
attracted so many fans
Why Dimash
2.Maybe the reason is ____________
________________________________. 理由可能是他拥有帅气的外表和过人的天赋。
PC表语从句
and gifted


that he is handsome
3.________________________is a truth.
这个节目很受欢迎是一个事实。
SC主语从句
That the program is popular
1. A tree has fallen across the road.
2. You are a student.
3. To find your way can be a problem.
4. Smoking is harmful.
5. What she said is known.
6. That we shall be late is certain.
7. It is certain that we shall be late.
Revision
Find the subjects in the following sentences.
一、 定义
在主从复合句中，充当主语的从句叫主语从句。
e.g.
What he did in the earthquake moved everybody.

主语
谓语
宾语
That China will become more powerful is certain.
主语
系动词
表语
从句
从句
1That he will come is certain.
2Whether it will please them is not easy to say.
3What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.
4Which side will win is not clear.
5Why he did it remains a mystery.
6When they will start is not known yet.
7How he became a great scientist is known to us all.
8Who will take part in the meeting has not been decided.
9Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
10Where she is from is unknown.
Find the subject clauses in the following sentences,
and translate them.
思考：主语从句有哪些引导词，这些引导词如何选用？
what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+ever
that, whether
when, where, how, why，
(不作成分）
（作成分）
（作状语）
二、引导主语从句三大连接词：
从属连词
(不作成分）
连接代词
（作成分）
连接副词
（作状语）
主语从句考点：
1. 连接词
2. 主谓一致
3. It作形式主语
一、引导主语从句三大连接词：
1、 从属连词：that , whether
that 无词义,在从句中不作成分， 但不能省略
whether 意为“是否”，表示不确定，在从句中不作成分， 但不可省略
e.g.1. she got the first prize made her
parents very happy.
2. she will come or not is still a question.
无义
是否
That
Whether
known to all. (地球是圆的)
3.
练一练
1、_________ we go there by train or by air is not clear.
2、______ she left him made him very sad.
Whether
That
3. is certain.（我们将迟到了）
4. ________________________ is known to all. (地球是圆的)
5. is a pity(你错过了这次机会) 6. is not easy to say.
(他是否会来这）
That we will be late
That the earth is round
That you missed the chance
Whether he will come here

2、连接代词/副词：
what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+ever，when, where…
what 在从句中作宾语
is more practice.(我们所需要的）
What we need
做成分（主、宾、表、定）
is under discussion. (我们何时开会）
When we will begin the meeting
When 在从句中作状语
区分who和whoever; what和whatever
______ makes this shop different is that it
offers more personal services.

2. _________ he said was right.

3. _______wants to see the film may get a free ticket.

4. ___ will be elected the monitor remains unknown.
Whoever
Who
Whatever
What
一般来说，what/who等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”
1. _____ you don’t like him is none of my business.
2. _____ he said at the meeting surprised everybody present
3. ________ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
4. ________car runs faster should be tested.
5. ________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
That
What
Whether
Whose
Whoever
练一练
翻译练习
1.(谁将去见他)________________ is not decided.
2.(哪个班级会赢得这场足球赛)_________________ ______________________is not clear so far.
3.(他能否买到飞机票)________________________
doesn’t matter much.
4.(我们如何去那里)_______________________ is a
question.
5.(你刚才告诉我的)__________________________
was really a surprise.
6.(他什么时候出国)_________________________ is being discussed
7.(他为什么哭)____________________ is not clear.
Who will meet him
which class will
win the football game
Whether he can get the plane ticket
How we will go there
What you told me just now
When he will go abroad
Why he is crying
主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Conclusion:
That we shall be late is certain.

1. That the earth is round is known to all.
--
2. That you missed the chance is a pity.
--
It is a pity that you missed the chance.
It’s known to all that the earth is round.
-- It’s certain that we shall be late.
It is +adj/n that……(strange/a pity…)
It is + v –ed that…..(…said/reported….)
为了避免主语冗长,句子“头重脚轻”,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.
It +vi that……(happen…)
二、用it 作形式主语的主语从句
这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:
1) It is + n. +从句
　 It is a pity/shame that... 遗憾的是……
　 It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是…
　 It is a fact that… …是事实
It is common knowledge that… …是常识

*_______________(很遗憾)we lost the match.

*______________(这是事实)he cheated in the exam.
It is a pity that
It is a fact that
2) It is + adj. +从句
　 It’s certain that… 肯定…
　 It is possible that... 很可能……
　 It is unlikely that... 不可能……
It is obvious that… 很明显…
It is necessary \important \natural\... that…


*_________________(很可能)she will come back tomorrow.
*_________________(很明显)this measure is effective.
+(should) +do…
It is possible that
It is obvious that
表示理应如此，惊奇, 不相信,惋惜等
3) It +不及物动词+从句
It happened that... 碰巧……
It occurred to me that…我突然想起…


*________________(刚好)I came into the office at that time.

*____________________(我突然想起)I forget to sent the letter.
It happened that
It occurred to me that
4) It + be +过去分词+从句
It is said that... 据说……
It is known to all that... 众所周知……
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is believed that...据信……;人们相信……
It is suggested that + (should）do... 建议……

*___________________(据报道)20 people were killed in the accident.
*______________________(建议)we should eat more vegetable and do more exercise.
It is reported that
It is suggested that
? 主语从句与强调句型的区别:
1)It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film._______________
2)It is at dawn that the murder took place._______________
1．主语从句中的it可以用that从句代替，强调句型不可以。
2．强调句型中It is/was和that之间的部分叫被强调部分, 当把It is/was和that三个单词去掉时，若句子是完整的，则是强调句。
强调句
主语从句
①单个主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数
e.g. When we shall have our sports meeting
not been decided yet. (has/have)


②由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，
谓语动词也用单数
e.g. When and where we shall have our sports
meeting not been decided yet.
(has/have)

has
has
三、 主语从句中的主谓一致
③如果用and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句
做主语时，谓语动词用复数
e.g. When they will start and where they
will go not been decided yet.
have
注意
what 和who 引导主语从句时，主句谓语
的数应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。
What I need ______ money.
What I need ______ books. (be)
is
are
Who you will go with ______ Lucy. (be)
Who you will go with ______ the twins.
is
are
What you left at school are two old books.
What you said to him is of great importance.
3.主语从句的 “that” 一般不能省。
4.“主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定
主语从句需注意的问题
2.主语从句中用陈述语序
Whether?he’ll?come?here?is not?clear.?
That the earth is round ?is a widely accepted fact.?
5.有时为了使句子结构平衡, 避免 “头重脚轻”, 常用 it 作形式主语,而把从句放在后面. 4种句型
注 意：
1.引导主语从句在句首只能用 “whether”引导， 有it作形式主语的whether/if都可以.。
主语从句的规律：

找出下列句子中的错误，并总结规律
例1.When will he come is not clear.
规律一、主语从句一律用陈述语序，
即主语在前，谓语在后。
正：When he will come is not clear.
主语从句的规律：
例2. He will not come to the meeting
this evening is true.
正：That he will not come to the
meeting this evening is true.
规律二、连词that 在从句中无实际意义，
但不能省略。
主语从句的规律：
例3. If the meeting will be put off
has not been decided yet.
正： Whether the meeting will be put off
has not been decided yet.
规律三、whether 可以引导主语从句，
放在句首，但if不能
主语从句的规律：
例4. That whether he will help others
is a fact.
正：That he will help others is a fact.
规律四、主语从句中的连词不能重叠使用。

例. It was requested that everyone
made a speech at the meeting.
(should) make
规律四、“It is requested /commanded
/insisted/ ordered / suggested/advised
+ that从句”中，从句要用虚拟语气，
即谓语用“should + 动词原形”，should可
省略。
主语从句的规律：
例5. When he will come are a puzzle.
正：When he will come is a puzzle.
规律五、含主语从句的主句谓语动词多用
单数第三人称形式。
主语从句的规律：
1. What he needs is that book.

2. What he needs are some books.
规律六、what 引导的主语从句，可根据
表语决定主句动词的单复数形式。
规律七、主语从句为了避免头重脚轻现
象，用 it 做形式主语，而
把从 句放在后面。

That the earth turns around the sun is known to all.

It is known to all that the earth turns
around the sun.
Task 1
Pick out one number and finish the task in it.
Scores(分数):
(5 points each)
(10 points each)
(20 points each)
1
6
7
8
10
11
12
14
13
15
16
9
2
3
4
5

20
这只猫所做的使得这个婴儿哭了。
_________________________made the baby cry.
What this cat did
★ If we will have a meeting hasn’t

been decided yet.
×
True or False?
放在主语从句句首, 用whether, 不能用if。
10
Whether
we will have a meeting
是否他是我的孩子仍然是个问题。
____________________ remains a question.
20
Whether he is my child


the cat do
made
What the cat did made the baby cry.
What
cry
Make a sentence
20
___________is rest.
我需要的就是休息。
20
What I need
20
小孩子不知道答案使得老师很生气。
It makes teacher angry
_________________________________________________.
that the child doesn’t know the answer

×
True or False?
主语从句缺少成分-宾语，
用what来引导。
*That she wants to know is when

the party will be held .
10
What
she wants to know

×
True or False?
that引导主语从句，that 不能省略。
★ He will give up his job

surprises all of us.
10
That
he will give up his job
It is common knowledge（常识）______________________________________.
我们雨天要穿雨鞋（rain shoes）是常识。
20

that we wear rain shoes in rainy days.
5
用适当的连接词填空：
_______ he came from still puzzles all of us.

(2) ________he jumped off the high building last night was still unknown.
Where
Why
用适当的连接词填空：
__________and __________they will meet has not been decided yet. Shall we decide the time and place for them?
5
When
Where
用适当的连接词填空：
_____ you don’t like him is none of my business.

______ is important that we keep the balance of nature.
That
It
5
1._____ he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.


2. ________ she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.
用适当的连接词填空：
5
What
Whether
用适当的连接词填空：
1._______was responsible (负责) for the accident is not yet clear.

2. _______kind of food is the best is still not certain.
5
Who
Which
True or False:
That is certain that we can win.
10
(×)
It
主语从句中，形式主语用“it”。
找出错误，并给出理由：
1.Where shall we spend the holiday isn’t decided.
2.You have made a mistake is a fact.

3. If the policeman will come is not certain.

4. That is certain that we can win.

we shall
Whether
It
That you have
5. It is ordered we should leave at once.
6. Where he comes from are a mystery.
7. What whether he likes the job is not clear.
8. Who he is and where he is from is important.
9.What he saw is the stars in the sky.
that
is

x
are
are

Writing Task：
Mike 做了决定想要去潮南上高中。很显然，他想要去一所比较不错的学校，但它不知道选择哪所学校。此时，有消息传来说， 砺青中学是一所不仅学生学习认真，老师严格负责的学校，所以，他决定去看一看。当他到达学校时，令他惊讶的是该学校环境优美，食堂食物相当可口。所以，Mike 的愿望是被砺青中学录取，可是事实是他成绩一般。他是否能实现他的愿望取决于他是否能通过考试。他选择这所学校的原因是该校历史悠久及很受学生欢迎。
（写作要求：每句话都要用到名词性从句或定语从句。）
练习
___ leaves the room last ought to turn off the light.
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Which
2. ___ he has become a rich man is known to all in our town.
A. Because B. That C. / D. What
3. ___ I need is more time.
A. That B. What C. / D. Which
4. ____ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether
C. That D. Where
5. ___ Jack looked so excited is not clear.
A. That B. Where C. when D. why
6. ____ that we will go shopping this afternoon.
A. It is a good idea
B. It is a pity
C. That is a good idea
D. That is a pity
7. It was requested that everyone
_______ a speech at the meeting.
A. made B. makes
C. be made D. make
名词性从句试题集锦
1.I ask her _______ come with me.
A. if she will B. if will she C. whether will she D. will she
2._______ he said is true.
A. What B. That C. Which D. Whether
3.Can you tell me ________?
A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who
C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman
4.He didn't know which room _______.
A. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in

6.I have no idea _______ far the railway station is from here.
A. what B. how C. it's D. that
7.Can you tell me _______ the railway station?
A. how I can get to B. what can I get to
C. where I can got to D. where can I get to
8.Do you know _______?
A. what is his name B. how is his name
C. what his name is D. how his name is
9._______ you have done might do harm to other people.
A. That B. What C. Which D. This
10.They have no idea at all ________.
A. where he has gone B. where did he go
C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone
11.They want to know _________ do to help us.
A. what can they B. what they can
C. how they can D. how can they
12.These photographs will show you _______.
A. what our village looks like B. what does our village look like
C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like
13.Can you make sure ________ the gold ring?
A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put
C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put
14.No one can be sure ________ in a million years.
A. what man will look like B. what will man look like
C. man will look like D. what look man like
15.________ the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That
16.Go and get your coat. It's ________ you left it.
A. there B. where C. there where D. where there
17.It worried her a bit _______ her hair was turning gray.
A. while B. that C. if D. for
18._______ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter
19. — Do you remember ________ he came?
— Yes, I do. He came by car.
A. how B. when C. that D. if
20._________ we can't get seems better than _________ we have.
A. What ; what B. What ; that C. That ; that D. That ; what
21.________ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
22.It is generally considered unwise to give a child ________ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
23. — I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
— Is that _________ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. what D. where
24.These wild flowers are so special that I would do ________ I can to save them.
A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever
25.________ you don't like him is none of my business.
A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether
26.You can't imagine ________ when they received these nice Christmas presents.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
27.________ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
28.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. _________ I got wet through.
A. It's the reason B. That's why
C. There's why D. It's how