2020中考重点核心词汇详解-E字部
1. environment
n.环境
用法小结:
关联词组:
natural environment自然环境;
living/working/social environment生活/工作/社会环境;
protect the environment保护环境
词性转换:
environmental? adj.环境的:
environmentally friendly环保的
(2019,北京卷,阅读C)
One basic law of psychological time is that time seems to slow down when we’re exposed(接触)to new?environments?and experiences.
2. especially
adv.特别,尤其
1.especially在句中可修饰名词、动词、形容词、介词短语等,一般放在被修饰词的前面:
It's very cold in winter, especially in Beijing.
冬天很冷,尤其是在北京。
2.especially在句中还可用来修饰状语从句:
Sunglasses are very useful especially when the sun is strong.
太阳镜非常有用,尤其是阳光很强的时候。
3.especially在逻辑上已有极限意义,故无比较等级。
易混单词:specially? adv.特别地;特意,专门:
He bought the flower specially for her.
他特意为她买了鲜花。
(2019,山东卷,阅读表达)The audience found this announcement?especially____13____ and started to throw even more money onto the stage.
A. funny? ? ??B. lucky? ?????????
C. helpful? ? ? ? ? D.painful
3. every
adj.每一,每个的
用法:every表示“每个”,其后通常接可数名词单数,一般不接名词复数或不可数名词。
every和each的区别:
1.every只能做形容词,而且each还可以用作代词,直接充当主语或者宾语。
2.二者均指“每个”,但every侧重全体;而each侧重各个个体,比较:
I know every member of the class.
全班的人我都认识。(概括全体)
I know each member of the class.
这个班的每个人我都认识。(“个别”意义更重。)
3.every指三个或以上的“每个”,不能指两者中的“每个”;each则可以,如:
误:There are trees on every side of the road.
正:There are trees on each side of the road.
关联单词:
everybody/everyone? pron.每人,人人;
everyday? adj.每日的,日常的;
everything? pron.每件事,事事;
everywhere? adv.到处
(2019,北京卷,单项填空)
7.Sam????????????with his friends?every?weekend.
A.skates??????B.is skating??? ?????????
C. has skated? ?D. was skating
(2019,浙江卷,单项填空)
7.The instructions tell us?everything?____________ about how to make the model ship.
A.by hand?????? B. by chance?? ?????????
C.in detail?????? ???????? D. in person
4. examine
v.检查,调查
用法小结:
近义词:check? v.检查,核对
词性转换:
examination? n.检查,调查;(=exam)考试:
final examination期末考试;
examination paper考试卷;
entrance examination入学考试;
take an examination参加考试
(2019,山东卷,阅读B)The students took a science?exam?before the study.After the six-week study, they took another.
5. example
n.例子,榜样
用法小结:
关联词组:
for example例如;
give an example举例;
take…for example以……为例子;
set an example (for…)(为……)树立榜样
for example和such as的区别:
1for example是列举整体之中的一个为例,常用作插入语,用逗号与主句隔开,example之后也需要逗号;其位置常常在句首,也可以置于句中、句末。如:
Noise, for example, is a kind of pollution as well.
噪音,打个比方,也是一种污染。
2such as用来列举整体之中的部分同类人或事物作为例子,一般用逗号和主句隔开,但such as之后无逗号,直接跟名词或名词性短语。如:
Some classmates of mine, such as Lucy, Lily, Jim are very generous.
我的一些同学,如露西,李丽,吉姆都是很慷慨的人。
(2019,北京卷,阅读C)For?example, on the way home, focus your attention outside of yourself, instead of thinking about the problems you have to deal with.
6. excite
v.使兴奋,使激动
用法小结:
常用语be excited doing/to do sth.,或者be excited about/at…,表示“兴奋”、“激动”的原因。
词性转换:
exciting? adj.令人激动的:通常是指某物令人兴奋激动,对应副词是excitingly
excited? adj.兴奋的,激动的:指的是某人感觉到兴奋或激动,对应副词是excitedly
excitement? n.兴奋,刺激,令人兴奋的事物
(2019,山东卷,阅读D)
My grandmother is going to be 100 years old in June.She’s very?excited?because she’s going to get a special letter from the Queen.
7. exercise
v.锻炼,运动;n.运动;练习;体操
用法小结:
1名词exercise表示“锻炼,运动”时,为不可数名词:
do/take exercise做运动/锻炼身体
2名词exercise表示“体操,练习”时,为可数名词,常用复数形式:
do morning/eye exercises做早操/眼保健操
(2019,山东卷,单项填空)
21. Tennis can?exercise?all of our muscles (肌肉) . And it requires _________to spend time with others.This is good for our health too.
A. ours? ? ? ?B.us? ? ? C. we
8. expect
v.期望;预料,预期
用法小结:
1expect to do sth.期望做某事;
expect sb./sth. to do sth.期望……做某事
2expect+ that从句,或者常用作:
It is expected that…预计……:
It is expected that the weather will be good soon.
估计天气很快会好起来。
词性转换:
expectation? n.期待,指望;
expected? adj.预期的,预料的:
as expected不出所料,正如预期;
unexpected? adj.出乎意外的(副词unexpectedly)
(2019年,北京卷,完形)I don’t regret putting time and energy into the election because I’ve learned that things aren’t always going the way I?expect.
9. expensive
adj.昂贵的,价格高的
用法小结:
用法:expensive表示“贵”时,主要用于说明具体的事物,而不能用来形容price。试比较:
误:The price of the coat is too expensive.
正:The price of the coat is too high.
正:The coat is too expensive.
词性转换:
expensively? adv.昂贵地;
expense? n.花费,费用
近义词:dear=costly=pricey
反义词:cheap=inexpensive??
adj.便宜的,廉价的;
(2019年,浙江卷,阅读B)
30.How can we do trampolining safely?
A.Buy an?expensive?trampoline.?? ?????????????????
B.Jump in the center of a trampoline.
C.Choose a trampoline without a net.??? ?????????
D.Lose weight before starting trampolining.
10. experience
n.经验;经历;v.经历
用法小结:
关联词组:
by experience凭经验;
working experience工作经验;
rich experience丰富的经验;
past experience过去的经验
用法:
1experience表示“经验,体验”时,为不可数名词:
She had no experience of life at all.
她毫无生活经验。
2experience表示“经历,阅历”时,为可数名词:
Tell us about your experiences in Africa.
给我们讲讲你在非洲的经历。
(2019年,北京卷,阅读A)
It was a lifetime?experience. I was able to experience Chinese living and culture from basic Tai Chi to Beijing Opera.
21.explain
v.解释,说明
用法小结:
常用句式为explain sth.to sb.向某人解释某事;
explain+that从句;
explain后面也可以接反身代词,即explain oneself,表示“把自己的意思表达清楚”或“解释自己的行为”。
词性转换:
explanation? n.解释,说明(注意:explain变名词,并不是直接加-ation)
(2019年,山东卷,完形)
To show the respect, it may be ____12____ to?explain?what the gift is.
A. necessary????? ?????????
B. careful?????????????????
C. comfortable
12. express
v.表达,表述?
用法小结:
关联词组:
express oneself表达自己的思想;
express thanks to sb.向某人表达感谢
熟词僻义:n.快递;快速:
express way快车道,高速路;
express train快速列车;
by express通过快递邮寄
词性转换:expression? n.表达;表情
facial expression面部表情;
beyond expression无法表达,形容不出
(2019年,浙江卷,阅读B)
21.Why does the writer quote(引用) a story in Paragraph 3?
A.To explain Africans like sweets.???????? ??????????????????????????
B. To show examples are not enough-
C.To make the writer's opinion clearer.?????????????????
D. To?express?happiness is from children.