2020中考重点核心词汇详解-F字部
1. fact
n.事实,实际
关联词组:
in fact事实上,实际上;
as a matter of fact确切地讲,事实上
用法:The fact is (that)+从句,表示“事实是……”;fact后面还可以接that引导的同位语从句,表示fact的具体内容,例如:
Don’t forget the fact that they are only children.
别忘了他们只是孩子的事实。
同义词:truth=reality? n.事实,真相
(2019,北京卷,阅读D)
Most said students should spend less time memorizing?facts?and have more space for creative activities.
2. fail
v.失败;不及格?
用法小结:
1表示“失败,没有成功”,常用句式有fail in sth.或者fail to do sth.
2表示“未做某事,未履行某事”,也可用于fail to do sth.句式
3表示“不及格,未通过(考试,测验)”,可以接宾语,也可不接:fail the test考试不及格
词性转换:failure? n.失败;(机器)故障;未做
反义词:succeed? v.成功;pass?v.通过(测试)
(2019,浙江卷,完形)
This time it became so profound. Then and there I ___20___ to find myself back. That was exactly-what I did.
20. A.?failed??? B.forgot? ?????????
C.decided?????? D. continued
3. fair
adj.公平的,合理的?
用法小结:
关联词组:
to be fair公平地说;
fair enough有道理,说得对;
fair play/competition公平竞争,公平比赛
熟词僻义:fair还可以当名词(n.)使用,表示:游乐场:
Let’s take the kids to the fair.?
咱们带孩子们到游乐场吧。
交易会,展览会:
world’s fair世界博览会;
international fair国际博览会;
job fair招聘会
词性转换:
fairly? adv.公正地;相当地;
fairness? n.公正性,公平合理性
同义词:just? adj.公平的
反义词:unfair? adj.不公平的
(2019,北京卷,阅读D)This doesn’t just happen in China, but it’s?fair?to say the Chinese people show more love to their country.
4. famous
adj.著名的,出名的?
用法小结:
关联词组:be famous for因……而闻名
词性转换:fame? n.名声,名誉
同义词:well-known? adj.著名的,有名气的
反义词:infamous? adj.臭名昭著的
(2019,浙江卷,阅读D)
38.Which of the following statements is TRUE about the passage?
A.The writer lives a busy life in Men tone.
B.Millet was finally made a?famous?artist.
C.Millet painted best among the four friends.
D.The story was written in memory of Millet.
5. far
adj.远的,较远的;
adv.远地;很,非常?
用法小结:
词形变化:
比较级farther/further,
最高级the farthest/the furthest
关联词组:
so far到目前为止;
as far as I know据我所知
1far作形容词时,表示距离远的,通常用于befar from结构,但不与具体的数字连用。例如:
误:The station is two kilometers far (away) from here.
正:The station is two kilometers away from here.
2far更多用作副词,尤其是修饰形容词或副词的比较级,或与too连用,表示程度,译为“……得多,远远……,大大……;太……”:
Heis far more careful than me.
他比我仔细得多。
He was at the station far too early.
他去车站去得太早。
反义词:near? adj.附近的
(2019,北京卷,短文阅读)The?farther?in they went, he thought,the harder the ice would become.
6. farm
n.农场,农庄;v.种田,务农
用法小结:
关联词组:
on a farm在农场(不用in);
a pig/cattle/chicken farm养猪/牛/鸡场;
farm land农业用地
词性转换:farmer? n.农民;farming?n.农业;耕作
(2019,山东卷,阅读B)
Because working with horses has helped Rowan, Rupert set up The Horse Boy Foundation on his?farm?in Texas.
7. favourite
adj.最喜爱的;
n.最受喜爱的人或物
用法小结:
美式拼写:favorite
1作形容词时,favorite前面要加形容词性物主代词或者名词所有格:his favorite movie;Jim’s favorite sport;
2favorite可以换成like…best结构:
My favorite subject is science=I like science best.
3作名词时,favorite后面不再跟名词:
Sunday is my favorite.
词性转换:
favor? v.更喜欢,偏袒;n.恩惠;支持;
favorable? adj.赞成的,有利的
(2019,江苏卷,完形)
When I'm asked to name my?favourite?place to eat in Suzhou, I will reply ___13___.
13. A. right away???? ??????
B. in surprise? ?????????
C.at most???????? ?????????
D. over there
8. feed
v.喂养,饲养;养活
用法小结:
词形变化:过去式fed,过去分词fed
关联词组:
Feed on sth.以……为食;
Feed sb. up(用大量食物)养肥,养壮;
Feed sb. sth.=feed sth. to sb.给某人喂……吃;
be fed up with厌烦了……,厌倦了……
(2019,山东卷,阅读C)
As we all know, China has the largest population all over the world. It was difficult to feed?the largest population in the past.
9. field
n.田地,场地;实地,现场;领域
用法小结:
关联词组:
corn/rice/wheat field棉花/水稻/小麦田;
football/baseball field足球/棒球场;
track and field田径(赛)
filed study/research实地研究
用法:可以作为“量词”,用于afield of…结构,表示“一片……田”。
熟词僻义:field的引申意义表示“领域”、“界”,相当于area,常用结构为
in the field of…在……领域,在……界:
She is famous in the field of music.
她在音乐界很出名。
(2019,浙江卷,阅读C)
The antenna of FAST in Guizhou, China, the latest and largest radio telescope in the world, is 500 metres in diameter, as large as the size of 30 football?fields.
10. fight
v.&n.打架,打仗;争论;竞争,争取
用法小结:
词形变化:
过去式fought,过去分词fought
动词词组:
fight for为……而战(奋斗);
fight against反对,对抗,与……作斗争;
fight with与……并肩战斗;与……打架;
fight back回击;
fight on继续战斗;
fight off击退
名词词组:
Be in/get into a fight (with sb.) (over/about sth.)(因某事)(同某人)打起来了;
a street/gang fight街头/帮派打斗
近义词:war? n.战争,斗争
(2019,浙江卷,阅读C)
The year was 1859. America and England had already?fought?two wars. Now,they were at peace. But one day a pig got hungry. And it nearly caused another war between the two countries.