(共29张PPT)
Unit 4 History and Traditions
Discovering Useful Structures
过去分词作定语和宾语补足语
【情境探究】
用所给词的适当形式填空, 并指出其在句中充当的成
分。
1. So many hundreds of ________(terrify) people died
every time there was a tornado. (定语)
terrified
2. He found that it came from the river ________ (pollute)
by the dirty water from London. (定语)
3. They had castles _____(build) all around England,
and made changes to the legal system. (宾语补足语)
4. We could get our car battery _______ (charge) in the
square. (宾语补足语)
polluted
built
charged
5. We heard it __________ (announce) that there were
no audio guides left. (宾语补足语)
announced
【要义详析】
一、过去分词作定语
1. 过去分词作定语时的位置。
(1)一般情况下, 单个过去分词作前置定语, 即放在被修饰词之前。有时为了表示强调, 也可放在被修饰词之后。
* The polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera. (前置定语)
污染了的水造成了霍乱的传播。
*Many used cars are on sale now, and you can go to find a good one. (前置定语)
很多二手车现在正在甩卖, 你可以去找一辆好车。
(2)过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语, 即放在被修饰词之后。
*The river polluted by daily waste is now dirty and smelly. (后置定语)
被日常废物污染的河水现在脏且难闻。
*His novels loved by many readers are well worth reading. (后置定语)
他的小说受很多读者欢迎, 很值得读。
2. 过去分词作定语的时态和语态意义。
(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成, 即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者, 且该动作已经完成。
*I don’t like the book written by Martin(=which was written by Martin). 我不喜欢马丁写的这部书。
*Our class went on a trip organized by our school
(=which was organized by our school) last Monday.
上周一我们班参加了一次学校组织的旅行。
(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成, 不表示被动。
*The fallen leaves of the wood cover the ground when in fall.
秋天时, 小树林的落叶覆盖着地面。
*The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning.
早上已升起的太阳正明亮地闪耀着。
3. 过去分词(短语)作非限制性定语, 相当于非限制性的定语从句, 用来补充说明被修饰词的情况, 通常用逗号与主句隔开。
*The bridge, built last year(=which was built last year), is in use now. 这座桥, 去年建成, 现在已通行。
*Paper cuts, used for religious purposes(=which are used for religious purposes), can be bought in the store.
用于宗教目的的剪纸可以在这家商店里买到。
【知识延伸】
现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别。
(1)语态上不同: 现在分词表示主动意义, 过去分词多表示被动意义。
*The running water (=The water which runs)in the river is very clear. 河里的流水很清澈。
*Nine out of ten women interviewed (=who were interviewed)about the product said they liked it.
就这个产品被采访的十位妇女中有九位说她们喜欢这个产品。
(2)时间关系上不同: 现在分词表示正在进行的动作, 而
过去分词表示已经完成的动作。
*We are all living in a changing world(=a world
which/that is changing). 我们都生活在正在发生变化的
世界里。
*The changed world (=The world which had
changed) surprised him. 已经变化了的世界令他吃惊。
二、过去分词作宾语补足语
1. 用于feel, find, hear, notice, see, smell, observe, watch, think等表示感觉或心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。
*Many passers-by saw a tree beside the street knocked down by a car yesterday.
昨天很多路人看见路边的一棵树被一辆小汽车撞倒了。
*When he woke up in the hospital, he found himself surrounded by doctors and nurses.
当他在医院醒来时, 他发现自己被医生和护士包围着。
2. 用于get, have, make, keep, leave等使役动词后作宾语补足语。
*He spoke English slowly, and tried to make himself understood while traveling abroad.
在国外旅行期间, 他说英语的语速很慢, 尽力让人们理解自己的意思。
*When he was working, he liked keeping the door of his room closed. 当他工作时, 他喜欢关着房间的门。
*He wants to have/get his eyes examined tomorrow.
他明天想去检查眼睛。
*He narrowly had his legs broken while he was riding a horse the other day.
几天前当他骑马时, 他的腿差点摔断。
【易错精点】
“have/get+宾语+过去分词”结构的含义:
(1)表示主语请别人做某事;
(2)表示主语遭受、遭遇某一不愉快的事情;
(3)表示普通的被动含义, 意为“使得……”。
3. 用于with复合结构中作宾语补足语。
*With his speech finished, he sat down and went on to listen to the others’ speeches.
结束了自己的演讲后, 他坐下继续听其他人的演讲。
*The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了, 他的双手被绑在背后。
【易错精点】
“with+宾语+过去分词”结构在句中作状语, 表示伴随、原因、方式、时间、条件等。
4. 用于wish, want, would like, expect, order等表示“意欲”“命令”的动词后面作宾语补足语。
*The father wants his daughter taught the piano.
这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。
*The boss ordered the plan carried out as soon as possible.
老板命令计划尽可能快地被执行。
*She expected a necklace bought as a gift for her birthday.
她希望有人买一条项链送给她作为生日礼物。
【即学活用】
(1)Suddenly he ______ ___ _____ _____ by someone.
突然他听到有人在叫他的名字。
(2)She has had ___ _________ ________.
她已让人修好了电脑。
(3)With ___ _____ _____, he began to plan a holiday.
所有的工作都做完以后, 他开始计划假期。
heard
his
name
called
her
computer
repaired
all
work
done
【知识延伸】
过去分词、现在分词与不定式作宾语补足语的区别
非谓语动词 作宾语补足语时的意义
过去分词 表示被动(宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者)和动作已完成
现在分词 表示主动(宾语为现在分词所表示的动作的执行者)和动作正在进行
不定式 表示动作还未发生
*With what he wanted to say said, he hung off before the other side gave any response.
说完了他想说的话, 未等到电话的另一端给出任何回应他就挂了电话。(此处强调话是被说的且话已说完)
*When I came here, I saw Li Lei reading an English book.
当我来到这儿时, 我看到李蕾正在读一本英文书。(“读书”这一动作正在进行)
*With a lot of difficult problems to deal with, the newly-elected president was in a dilemma.
有很多棘手的问题要解决, 这位新当选的总统处于进退两难的境地。(不定式表示动作将要发生)
Unit 4 History and Traditions
课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ. 将下列句子改为非谓语动词形式作定语
1. The student who is dressed in white is her daughter.
→The student dressed in white is her daughter. ?
2. I have read plenty of books which were written by Lu Xun.
→I have read plenty of books written by Lu Xun. ?
3. His nephew, who was lost at sea when he was fifteen, had been his only relative.
→His nephew, lost at sea when he was fifteen, had been his only relative. ?
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1. It was so noisy in the room that he realized it was impossible to make himself heard(hear).
2. At that moment, I saw him crossing(cross) the road.
3. I was glad to see the children well taken(take) care of.
4. I was surprised to find my hometown changed(change) so much.
5. He got his tooth pulled(pull) out yesterday.
6. I got the story written(write) in French. Mr White did it.
7. While walking along the street, I heard my name called(call).
8. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost(lose) for words.
9. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep him reminded(remind) of his own dreams.
10. After having her luggage checked(check), she boarded the plane.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. When he woke up, he found himself surrounded by a group of children(surround). ?
醒来时, 他发现自己被一群孩子围着。
2. Where did you have your book printed? (have)?
你的书在哪里印刷的?
3. With all the work finished, I feel very relaxed now. (with)?
所有的工作都做完了, 我觉得现在很轻松。
4. They have their classroom cleaned after school every day. (have)?
他们每天放学后打扫教室。
5. While you were out, you should keep your doors and windows closed. (keep)?
外出时, 你应关着门和窗子。
6. We had better work harder to get our homework finished on time. (get)?
我们最好努力一点以便按时做完作业。
7. They knew her very well. They watched her grow up from childhood. (grow)?
他们对她很了解。他们看着她从小长大的。
8. With the wall painted white, the room seems larger. (paint)?
墙刷成白色的了, 房间看上去大了。
9. With his money stolen, the man can’t afford a ticket. (steal)?
钱被偷了, 那个人买不起票了。
10. When his wife returned, the husband noticed her hair cut short. (cut)?
妻子回来时, 丈夫注意到她的头发剪短了。
李华和同学刘青谈论他的英国之行, 请根据语境和提示完成对话。
Liu Qing: Welcome back. 1. Did you have a good trip? (旅行快乐吗)?
Li Hua: Wonderful. Everything in England 2. made me excited(使我兴奋). There were lots of tourist attractions such as Big Ben and Tower of London. ?
Liu Qing: What else kept you impressed?
Li Hua: On my arrival, 3. I found myself lost in the way(我发现自己迷路了). What’s more, I can’t make myself understood. ?
Liu Qing: What did you do then?
Li Hua: When I was at a loss, 4. I noticed a Chinese cross the street(注意到一个中国人过马路). So, I turned to her for help. ?
Liu Qing: You are so lucky.
PAGE
- 3 -
(共36张PPT)
Unit 4 History and Traditions
Listening and Speaking
【导语】泰坦尼克号的沉船是英国历史上
非常有名的事件。《泰坦尼克号》电影主
题曲My Heart Will Go On荣获第七十届奥
斯卡最佳电影歌曲, 演唱者是席琳·迪翁。?
注: 听音填空
My Heart Will Go On
Every night in my dreams
I see you, I feel you
That is how I know you go on.
①____________________?
and spaces between us
Far across the distance
You have come to show you go on.
Near, far, wherever you are
I believe that the heart does go on
②__________, you opened the door?
And you’re here in my heart,
and my heart will go on and on.
Love can touch us one time
Once more
and last for a lifetime
And never let go till we’ve gone.
Love was when I loved you,
one true time to ③_________?
In my life we’ll always go on.
Near, far, wherever you are
I believe that the heart does go on
hold on to
Once more, you opened the door
And you’re here in my heart,
and my heart will go on
and on.
You’re here, there’s nothing I fear
And I know that my heart will go on.
We’ll stay, forever this way
You are safe in my heart
and my heart will go on and on.
【词海拾贝】
【话题点拨】
读万卷书行万里路。寒暑假期间, 越来越多学生都主动走出去, 选择一些有文化内涵与底蕴的地方去参观学习, 以此来开拓视野提高自己的文化素养。
【话题词汇】
①be located in 坐落于
②be known as. . . 作为……而出名
③date back to(date from) 追溯到……
④be surrounded by/with 被……包围
⑤have a history of 有……的历史
⑥places of interest 名胜古迹
⑦have a good view of. . . 一览无余
⑧have a good trip 旅行顺利
⑨broaden one’s horizons 开阔某人的视野
⑩show sb. around sp. 带领某人参观某个地方
【话题句式】
1. We will try some famous local snacks and experience the local history.
我们将去吃一些地方特色小吃, 体验当地历史。
2. On our arrival, we were warmly welcomed by the local people. 我们一到达, 就受到了当地人的热烈欢迎。
3. Located in a hill, this beautiful and old city has become a popular tourist attraction now. 这座坐落在小山上的美丽古城现在成了一个受欢迎的旅游胜地。
4. I feel proud of knowing your interest in Chinese history.
知道你对中国历史感兴趣, 我感到自豪。
5. Confucius is considered as the greatest of the ancient Chinese sages. 孔子被认为是古代中国最伟大的圣人。
6. There are lots of places of interest in Xi’an, such as The Terracotta Warriors and Horses, the Old City Wall.
西安有很多名胜古迹, 例如兵马俑、古城墙等。
7. That is really a feast for eyes and makes your journey worthwhile. 那真的是视觉盛宴, 并且让你的旅程变得值得。
【发音技巧】
连读的条件: 相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相关, 同属一个意群。连读所构成的音节一般都不重读, 只需顺其自然地一带而过, 不可读得太重。
1. “辅音+元音”型连读
连读在同一个意群里, 如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾, 后一个词是以元音开头, 这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。
eg. Let me have～a look～at～it.
Put～it～on, please.
Not～at～all.
2. “r/re+元音”型连读
如果前一个词是以-r或者-re结尾, 后一个词是以元音开头, 这时的r或re不但要发/r/, 而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。
eg. They’re my father～and mother.
There～are some books on the desk.
Here～is a letter for you.
3. “辅音+半元音”型连读
英语语音中的/j/和/w/是半元音, 如果前一个词是以辅音结尾, 后一个词是以半元音, 特别是/j/开头, 此时也要连读。
eg. Thank～you.
Nice to meet～you.
Could～you help me, please?
4. “元音+元音”型连读
如果前一个词以元音结尾, 后一个词以元音开头, 这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。
eg. She wants to study～English.
How～and why did you come here?
She can’t carry～it.
【对点演练】
1. What is the backyard being used as now?
A. A garden. B. A storage place.
C. A swimming pool.
2. What is the woman probably?
A. A reporter. B. A teacher. C. A student.
3. When does the conversation take place?
A. At 8: 45. B. At 9: 00. C. At 9: 30.
4. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Forest fires. B. Human activities.
C. Natural mysteries.
5. How does the man feel about the woman’s proposal?
A. Worried. B. Interested. C. Puzzled.
答案: 1～5. BACAB
【情境交际】
Scene One
美国留学生Jack想趁寒假期间通过旅游来加深对中国
的了解, 正向中国好友李华寻求建议。
请根据提示完成对话。
Jack: The winter holiday is approaching. I want to
travel around in China. Can you give me some advice?
Li Hua: Of course. As you know, there are lots of
1. _______________(名胜) in China. Do you have any
plans? ?
Jack: I’m not sure. In fact, I want to visit some places
in Shandong.
Li Hua: Good idea. 2. ______________________(就我而
言)going to Mountain Tai is a good choice. ?
places of interest
As far as I am concerned
Jack: Why?
Li Hua: Because Mountain Tai has a long history and
wonderful sights. In addition, climbing the mountain is
3. _______(不但) good for your physical health 4. ___
____(而且) brings you lots of courage. ?
not only
but
also
Jack: That sounds great. Maybe I can enjoy the
fantastic sunrise in the morning, which is really
5. _____________(视觉盛宴). ?
Li Hua: Wish you a good journey.
a feast for eyes
Scene Two
两名英国留学生正在谈论他们在历史课上学到的中国历史。
请选择恰当选项完成对话。
Sally: From the course I know China has a history of more than 5, 000 years, which really surprised me.
Bush: Me too. 1 ?
Sally: In my opinion, some famous places of interest leave me a deep impression. For example, the Summer Palace, the Forbidden City.
Bush: 2 . It is a feast for eyes. ?
Sally: Really? 3 . I’d like to travel there one day. ?
Bush: Of course. As well as the long and interesting history, there are some great people in China like Confucius.
Sally: Indeed. 4 . His ideas on education have a great influence on Chinese education. ?
A. You must have a good trip there.
B. What impressed you most about China?
C. I had been there last summer.
D. Confucius is considered as the greatest person in the history.
答案: 1～4. BCAD
【听力原文】
Text 1
M: Our backyard is such a waste to be used as a storage place. I was thinking of turning it into a garden. What do you think about that?
W: How about a swimming pool? I do enjoy swimming in summer.
Text 2
W: Good morning, Professor Wang. My name is Susan Gray. I’m with the local newspaper. Do you mind if I ask you a few questions?
M: Not at all. Go ahead, please.
Text 3
W: I got to work right on time, and Jason has been here since a quarter to nine. So there were two people here doing nothing waiting for you to come.
M: I’m sorry for being late for half an hour. I know it’s my job to open the doors at nine.
Text 4
W: Every year, there are a large number of forest fires, and the causes are not mysterious.
M: Yeah. Most of them are caused by human activities, like people throwing away burning cigarettes.
Text 5
W: There is a traditional lion dance performance tonight. Do you want to watch it?
M: I’ve been wanting to see one for a long time.
(共65张PPT)
Unit 4 History and Traditions
Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1. _______(军事的) defence
2. share the same ________(货币)
3. have different ____(法律的) systems
4. be ___________(包围) by flowers
5. a __________(迷人的) mix of history and culture
military
currency
legal
surrounded
fascinating
6. their great ____________(成就)
7. the names of many ________(地方)
8. ________(征服) the England?
9. the well-known ______(战役) of Hastings?
10. an ancient ____(港口) city
11. two _____(主要的) advantages
12. scientific ________(证据)
achievements
locations
conquer
Battle
port
chief
evidence
Ⅱ. 选词填空
break away from, keep your eyes open, add to, date
back to, join to, as well as, belong to
1. __________________for opportunities. ?
2. Having nothing to ______the list, he gave it back to
his assistant. ?
Keep your eyes open
add to
3. In the 16th century, the Wales ____________the
UK. ?
4. Part of East Africa will _______________the rest of
Africa. ?
5. Many foreigners are fond of the local snacks ______
_______Qing dynasty. ?
was joined to
break away from
dating
back to
6. Children should be educated not to touch anything
___________others without permission. ?
7. Many graduates ________their beloved professor
have attended the graduation ceremony. ?
belonging to
as well as
Ⅰ. 文本整体理解: 理清文章架构
Ⅱ. 文本细节理解: 探寻语篇细节信息
1. What is the main idea of the text?
A. The history of the United Kingdom.
B. The geography of the United Kingdom.
C. The politics of the United Kingdom.
D. The climate of the United Kingdom.
2. What happened in the 19th century?
A. The nearby country of Wales was joined to the
Kingdom of England.
B. The Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of
Great Britain.
C. The Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
D. The southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK.
3. Which of the following is the different area of the four countries?
A. Flag. B. Currency.
C. Military defence. D. Legal system.
4. Who conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings?
A. The Romans. B. The Anglo-Saxons.
C. The Normans. D. The Vikings.
5. What’s the author’s attitude towards studying the history?
A. Neutral. B. Indifferent.
C. Supportive. D. Doubtful.
答案: 1～5. ACDCC
Ⅲ. 文本素养提升: 阅读技能综合运用
1. 根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句
译文: 首都伦敦是一个非常好的开始参观的地方, _____
_______________________, 它的历史可以___________
_____。
因为
它是一个古老的港口城市
追溯到罗马
时期
2. 根据课文完成短文 .
The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain,
England—many people are confused by (1)_____ these
different names mean. In the 16th century, the nearby
country of Wales (2) __________(join) to the Kingdom
of England. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of
Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of
what
was joined
Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, the southern part
of Ireland (3) ______ (break) away from the UK, which
resulted in the full name we have today. However,
most people just use the (4)_________(shorten) name:
the UK. The four countries (5)__________ belong to
the United Kingdom work together in some areas.
There were four sets of invaders and the last group
broke
shortened
that/which
were the Normans. They had castles (6)_____(build)
all around England and made changes (7)__ the legal
system. Studying the history of the country will make
your visit much more (8)_________(enjoy). The capital
city London is (9)___ ancient port city that has a history
(10)______(date) back to Roman times. ?
built
to
enjoyable
an
dating
3. 阅读主题活动
(1)Why is it important to study the history and
culture of a country before visiting it?
_____________________________________________?
(2)How do you prepare a trip?
______________________________________________
________________________
To make your visit much more enjoyable and joyful.
A detailed plan, necessary objects and learning about
local culture and tradition. ?
【阅读微技巧】
迅速浏
览文章
按照时
间顺序
理清文
章思路 找出段落中的时间标志词, 理清文章的脉络, 如: 11th century, 16th century, 18th century, 19th century
关注作者对参观某个地方提前了解当地历史的一些好处的表述。如: enjoyable, great, surprised等
1. surround vt. 围绕; 包围
*The general sent a large force to surround the airport.
将军派遣一支大部队去包围机场。
*That old professor loved to surround himself with young people. 那位老教授非常喜欢年轻人围在他左右。
*The lake is surrounded by/with trees.
湖边树木环绕。
【语块积累】
(1)surround. . . with. . . 用……包围……
be surrounded with/by. . . 被……包围/环绕
(2)surrounding adj. 周围的, 附近的
(3)surroundings n. 环境, 周围的事物
【名师点津】
surroundings指周围具体的、物质性的环境, 而environment指对人的发展产生影响的自然环境或生活的环境条件。
【巧学助记】 一言助记surround
The lake is surrounded with trees and so its surrounding area looks beautiful. And I’d like to bring up my children in such healthy surroundings. 那个湖被树木环绕着, 因此它周围的地区看上去很漂亮。我乐意在这样健康的环境中抚养我的孩子们。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空
①What do you think about the ___________(surround)
ecosystem?
②He became accustomed to the new ____________
(surround).
③They’ve surrounded the building ____ the police.
surrounding
surroundings
with
(2)(2019?江苏高考)We ___ ___________ ___ a natural
playground just perfect for walking, caving, climbing
and cycling.
我们周围是一个天然的操场, 非常适合散步、洞穴探
索、攀岩和骑车。
are
surrounded
by
(3)(2019?江苏高考)Steve arrived and sat in the front
row, ___________ ___ ___ family.
史蒂夫来了, 坐在第一排, 周围都是他的家人。
surrounded
by
his
2. evidence n. 证据; 证明
*(2019?江苏高考)Scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way into the human body.
科学家已经获得更多证据表明塑料正在进入人们的体内。
*All of the evidence suggests we have reasons to be positive.
所有的证据都表明, 我们是有理由积极的。
*It is evident that you have made great progress.
=Evidently, you have made great progress.
很明显你取得了巨大的进步。
【语块积累】
(1)evident adj. 明显的; 明白的
It is evident that. . . 显然(很明显)……
(2)evidently adv. 显然, 明显地; 清楚地
【知识延伸】
(1)proof 指足以直接证明某事为某事实的依据, 侧重作为充分证据所导致的结果, 用于证明某件事是真实的, 即“证明”。
I believe what you say; I don’t need any proof.
我相信你所说的话; 我不需要任何证明。
(2)evidence 是普通用词, 在法律上指能起证明作用的, 如证明、公证书以及所有的实物东西等。在生活中指任何一样可证明某一件事的真实性的东西。 另外还表示迹象 (sign, indication), 这时常用于there is (some) evidence that. . . 的结构。
When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence of his guilt.
警察到的时候他已经把他的罪证销毁了。
【即学活用】
(1)用evidence的适当形式填空
①He ________ hated maths at school, so it’s amazing
he became an accountant!
②It must be _______ to all of you that he has made a
mistake.
evidently
evident
③A new study has found no ________ that sunscreen
actually increases the risk of skin cancer.
(2)__ __ _______ ____ education of the young is vital to
the future of a country.
很明显, 年轻人的教育对一个国家的未来是至关重要
的。
evidence
It
is
evident
that
3. break away (from sb. /sth. ) 脱离; 背叛; 逃脱
*With so many problems unsettled, a few countries wanted to break away from the Union. 因为有这么多问题尚未解决, 所以有些国家想要脱离联邦。
*The boy broke away from his father and ran away.
那个男孩挣脱了他父亲, 跑掉了。
③A new study has found no evidence that sunscreen *He loses his way; furthermore, his car breaks down.
他不仅迷了路, 而且汽车也坏了。
*My colleague has broken off the habit of smoking.
我的同事已经戒掉了吸烟的习惯。
【名师点津】
break away中的away是副词而非介词, 如果后接宾语则要再加介词from, 构成短语 break away from(sb. /sth. )
【语块积累】
break down (机器)出故障, 损坏; 化学物质分解; 垮掉; 和谈失败
break in 闯入, 破门而入; 打断, 插嘴
break into 破门而入; 闯入
break off 打断, 折断
break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生; 爆发
break up 分解; 打碎, 解体, 分手
【即学活用】
用恰当的介、副词填空
(1)It is said that several states wanted to break _____
_____ the Union. ?
(2)His car broke _____ on the way to work this morning.
(3)The fire broke ___ during the day and thus no one
was injured.
away
from
down
out
(4)Did you know that Kate broke ___ with her boyfriend?
.
up
4. belong to 属于
*(2019?浙江高考)The students feel that they belong to a
particular group.
学生们觉得他们属于一个特殊的群体。
*Cultural relics and natural scenery belong to everyone,
including the generations to come.
文化遗产和自然风景属于每一个人, 包括我们的后代。
*The spare time belonging to the children should be returned to them by the teachers.
老师应归还属于孩子们的课余时间。
*(2017·全国卷Ⅰ) Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit.
在你参观期间有存储柜来储存你的东西。
【名师点津】妙用belong to
(1)belong to不用于进行时与被动语态。
(2)belong to的-ing形式可作后置定语。
(3)belongings n. 财产; 所有物; 相关事物
【即学活用】
(1)I realized that he and I ________ __ ________ ______.
我意识到我和他不是一路人。
(2)Pratt has forgotten something _________ __ ___ _____.
普拉特忘记带他孩子的东西。
belonged
to
different
worlds
belonging
to
his
baby
(3)语法填空
①The ink brush Song Dynasty painting called Six
Dragons once belonged __ Emperor Qianlong of the
Qing Dynasty.
②For two years, the doctor with his assistants did the
research on top of Changbai Mountain _________
(belong) to Jilin Province.
to
belonging
5. as well as 同(一样也); 和; 还
*I will be able to improve my organizational ability, communication skills as well as my confidence in speaking English in public. 我不仅能提高在公共场合说英语的自信心, 还能提高我的组织能力和交际技巧。
*The captain, as well as the other players, was tired.
队长和队员们都累了。
【名师点津】巧辨as well as与as well
(1)as well as 相当于 in addition to, 是一个连词结构, 通常连接两个词性、结构对等的词或短语。当连接两个主语时, 谓语动词的数和第一个主语保持一致。
(2)as well表示“也”, 相当于too, 常放在句子末尾, 作为副词短语使用。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空
①(2018·江苏高考)All special exhibitions, as well as
films, lectures, guided tours, concerts, gallery talks,
and family/children’s programs ___ (be) free with
admission.
are
②I am skilled at organizing activities as well as
______________ (communicate) with others.
communicating
(2)She had all her homework to do, as well as looking
after her sick father.
译: ____________________________________________
_____
她除了要照顾生病的父亲之外, 还要完成所有的作
业。
(3)(2019?北京高考)An A-team may require a balance—
not just A players, but a few generous B players as well.
译: ____________________________________________
_____________________________
一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是A级
球员, 还有一些慷慨的B级球员。
6. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable. ?
研究这个国家的历史会使你的访问更加愉快。
【句式解构】
(1)“Studying the history of the country”, 是动名词短语作主语, 谓语动词要用单数。
(2)make your visit much more enjoyable, 是make的复合结构: make+宾语+宾语补足语, 其中形容词enjoyable作宾语补足语。make的复合结构如下:
①make sb. do sth. 使/让某人做某事
*Our English teacher often makes us retell the texts.
英语老师经常让我们复述课文。
当把这样的句子变为被动语态时, 原句中省略的动词不定式符号to必须要还原。
*We are often made to retell the texts by our English teacher.
②make sb. /sth. done(过去分词) 使某人或某事被……
常用于make oneself known/heard/understood. . .
*It’s too noisy. I can’t make my voice heard.
太吵了。别人听不见我的声音。
③make +sb. /sth. +adj. 使某人或某事(变得)……
*The news made him happy. 这个消息使他很高兴。
④make +sb. /sth. +n. 让某人或某物成为……
*They all want to make Jim their monitor.
他们都想让吉姆当班长。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空
①(2019·江苏高考)Walking upright ______ it easy to
find food or guard against enemies. ?
直立行走更容易找到食物提防敌人。
②It’s an opportunity to make the Chinese culture
better ______(know) to international students.
makes
known
③(2019?北京高考)These developments are likely to
make our current problems with robocalls much
_____ (bad).
worse
(2)(2019·江苏高考)Whatever your age or interests,
Buxton has something to see or do to make your visit
truly memorable.
译: ____________________________________________
_______________________________________________
(3) She wanted to make her father a professional.
译: _______________________________
无论你是什么年龄、有什么兴趣, Buxton总有一些
值得看或者做的事情让你的旅行变得真正令人难忘。
她想让她父亲成为一名专业人员。
【一语闻天下】
1. Presidents of China and the United States agreed to the resumption of trade talks, which made people more confident in world market. 中美两国元首同意恢复贸易谈判, 为世界市场注入了更多的信心。
2. An 85-year-old man from Huainan, East China’s Anhui province, as well as other 10 million applicants sat the national college entrance examination on June 7 this year.
今年6月7日, 来自中国东部安徽省淮南的一名85岁男子和其他一千万名申请者一起参加了全国高考。
3. We are surrounded by different kinds of waste in our life, so Shanghai is ready with its new domestic garbage-sorting regulations, effective from July 1.
在我们的日常生活中有各种各样的垃圾, 上海已准备好从7月1日起实行新的生活垃圾分类规定。
4. There has been a revival of Confucianism in China over the past decade. Heightened attention paid to the protection of Confucian sites have made the Confucius legacy relevant again. 在过去的十年里, 儒学在中国复兴。对儒学遗址保护的高度重视, 使孔子的遗产再次变得重要起来。
Unit 4 History and Traditions
课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1. We are waiting for the group to decide rather than making individual(个人的) decisions.
2. He is the chief(最重要的) test pilot.
3. Judging from his puzzled (迷惑的) expressions, we can tell that this question must be puzzling (迷惑的).
4. He might easily have been seen by someone who lived nearby(附近).
5. Not all people can make this achievement(成就).
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. Keep your eyes open for opportunities while looking for a job. ?
找工作时随时留意你身边的机会。
2. The southern part doesn’t belong to the country. ?
南部不再属于这个国家。
3. The rural area was joined to the urban area. ?
乡村和城镇被连接起来。
4. The poet’s coming made the location more attractive. ?
诗人的到来使得这个地方更有吸引力。
Ⅲ. 结合课文主题, 使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇50词左右的短文
1. 随着高考的结束, 有很多同学想去旅游来开拓自己的视野(broaden one’s horizons)。
2. 如果想玩得更好(have a better trip), 旅行顺利(make your trip smooth), 你最好提前(ahead of time)做好准备。
3. 可以上网(surf the Internet)查阅当地的历史传统和风俗习惯( local history and custom), 以及(as well as)当地有名的小吃。
As the end of the college entrance examination is approaching, more and more students want to travel in order to broaden their horizons. If you want to have a better trip and make your trip smooth, you’d better make preparations ahead of time. You can surf the Internet to study the local history and custom as well as famous snacks. ?
The topic: Whether the respect for history is important
Pros:
History is a mirror, from which we can see not only the history itself, but also the future.
Cons:
The society is developing so quickly that we should spend our limited time looking forward instead of looking back.
Which opinion do you agree with? Why?
Your opinion and the reason: ?
【参考答案】
I support the idea of respecting history. Below are the reasons.
Firstly, history tells us who we are and where we are from. Without history, human could not enjoy the present happy life. Secondly, history reflects the future. The world goes forward on its own principle, and we can gain wisdom from history. All in all, just as Marcus Garvey said, a people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots.
PAGE
- 1 -
(共88张PPT)
Unit 4 History and Traditions
Reading for Writing
【文本研读】
Ⅰ. 文本整体理解: 快速浏览文章
What’s the main idea of the text?
A. Introduce Ireland and its traditions.
B. Introduce Ireland’s snacks.
C. Introduce Ireland’s history.
D. Introduce Ireland’s scenery.
答案: A
Ⅱ. 文本细节理解: 关注特色表达
1. Which of the following can not be seen in the “Emerald Isle”?
A. Many green counties.
B. Rolling green hills.
C. Sheep and cattle.
D. Beautiful lakes.
2. What should you do if you want to experience local culture and customs first-hand?
A. Meet a local guide.
B. Introduce yourself to a friendly face.
C. Surf the Internet.
D. Have a trip with your parents.
答案: 1、2. DB
Ⅲ. 文本梳理
【写作指导】
【文体剖析】
建议信是常考作文形式之一, 作者需要就别人的问题给出合理的建议。在行文的时候, 尤其要将理由部分作为重点来写, 语气要委婉。
【话题词汇】
1. have a great influence on 对……有巨大的影响
2. has a history of 有……的历史
3. enjoy a delicious snack 享受美味的小吃
4. be likely to do sth. 可能做某事
5. experience local culture and customs
体验当地的文化和风俗习惯
6. not only. . . but also. . . 不但……而且……
7. with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle
绿油油的山上分布着牛羊
8. with the beautiful scenery and fresh air
美丽的风景和新鲜的空气
9. feel the sun on your skin 感受太阳照到皮肤上
10. in conclusion 总之
【话题句式】
1. I am more than delighted to know that you are going to pay a visit to China.
得知你要来中国参观, 我非常高兴。
2. As far as I’m concerned, Xi’an is a good choice.
据我所知西安是一个好的选择。
3. If you are lucky, you might be able to enjoy some
traditional music and dancing, too.
如果你幸运的话, 你也可以欣赏一些传统音乐和舞蹈。
4. With all this beauty, it is not surprising that Ireland
has developed strong traditions.
有着如此的美景难怪爱尔兰形成了一些浓厚的传统。
5. I am writing to express my warm welcome and strongly recommend that you pay a visit to Xi’an.
我正在写信表示我的热烈欢迎并且强烈推荐你去西安。
6. Hope you’ll have a good time in China.
希望你在中国玩得愉快。
7. First, as a world-famous scenic spot, the Great Wall attracts millions of travelers every day.
首先, 作为一个世界文明的景点, 长城每天吸引了数百万人。
8. As you enter the Forbidden City, you may be amazed at the grand halls and marvelous architecture rich in historical and cultural meaning.
当你进入紫禁城, 看到宏伟的大厅和富有历史和文化内涵的奇妙的建筑的时候, 你会非常震惊。
【典题演练】
假定你是李华, 你的澳大利亚朋友 Martin想来中国旅游, 希望你推荐一个合适的城市。你向他推荐了西安市。请根据以下提示写一封邮件。
内容包括:
1. 推荐理由; 2. 你的祝愿。
注意: 1. 词数100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
参考词汇: 兵马俑 terracotta warriors and horses
【谋篇】
【遣词】
1. 渴望去中国旅游 _______________________?
2. 表达我的热烈欢迎 _______________________?
3. 拜访西安 _________________?
4. 作为……而出名 _______________?
5. 旅游景点 ________________?
6. 愿意提供帮助 ____________________?
be eager to travel to China
express my warm welcome
pay a visit to Xi’an
be well-known as
tourist attractions
be willing to offer help
7. 在困难中的人们 _____________?
8. 使你的旅行舒服愉悦
____________________________________?
people in need
make your visit comfortable and pleasant
【造句】
1. 完成句子
(1)西安作为历史名城而出名。
________________________________________?
(2)它是一个理想的目的地。
___________________________?
Xi’an is well-known as a historic city in China.
It is really an ideal destination.
(3)首先, 西安是一个历史悠久的城市。
________________________________________?
(4)它也是一个有很多旅游景点的地方。
________________________________________?
(5)西安人们友好、善良并且乐于助人。
______________________________________________
__________________?
First of all, Xi’an is a city with a long history.
It is also a place with many tourist attractions.
People in Xi’an are friendly, kind and willing to offer
anyone in need help.
(6)这会使你的旅行舒服愉悦。
_________________________________________
________?
This can really make your visit comfortable and
pleasant.
2. 句式升级
(7)使用过去分词作状语, 将(1)(2)句连接起来
_______________________________________________
__________________?
(8)用表示递进意义的并列结构连接(3)(4)句
_______________________________________________
_________________________________________
Well-known as a historic city in China, Xi’an is really
an ideal destination.
First of all, Xi’an is not only a city with a long history
but also a place with many tourist attractions. ?
(9)用非限制性定语从句连接(5)(6)句
______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________?
People in Xi’an are friendly, kind and willing to offer
anyone in need help, which can really make your visit
comfortable and pleasant.
【成篇】
____________?
__________________________________________
_______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________?
Dear Martin,
I’m glad to receive your letter and know that you
are eager to travel to China. I’m writing to express my
warm welcome and strongly recommend that you pay
a visit to Xi’an.
_________________________________________
___________________________________________
____________________________________________
______________________________________________
___________________________________________
______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
Well-known as a historic city in China, Xi’ an is
really an ideal destination. First of all, Xi’an is not
only a city with a long history but also a place with
many tourist attractions, among which the terracotta
warriors and horses are what you can never miss.
People in Xi’an are friendly, kind and willing to offer
anyone in need help, which can really make your visit
___________________________________________
_____________________________________________
___________________?
__________________________________________
_________________________________________
______
_______?
comfortable and pleasant. Talking about the local
food, Xi’an enjoys a great reputation for its various
snacks all over China.
I do hope you can come and enjoy yourself to the
fullest here! Looking forward to your coming. ?
Yours,
Li Hua
1. charge n. 收费; 指控; 主管
*What needs to be specifically noted is that the activity is free of charge.
尤其需要指出的是这项活动是免费的。
*The company is in the charge of Tom while the boss is away.
→Tom is in charge of the company while the boss is away.
→Tom takes charge of the company while the boss is away. 汤姆在老板不在时负责这家公司。
*(2017·江苏高考)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of what it used to charge.
我们选择这家宾馆, 因为一晚的价格下降到20美元, 是它以前收取价格的一半。
【语块积累】
(1)in charge (of. . . ) 主管/看管/负责(……)
take charge of. . . 负责/看管……
in/under the charge of. . . =in one’s charge
在……的掌管之下
free of charge 免费
(2)charge v. 收费; 控诉
charge(sb. )for sth. 为……(向某人)收费/要价
【熟词生义】
1. Before use, the battery must be charged.
( )
2. Police have charged Mr Bell with murder. ( )
v. 给……充电
v. 指控
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空
①I’m not going there again, because they charged me 1
pound ___ a cup of coffee!
②She takes charge __ the day-to-day running of the
business.
③You’re responsible to whoever is __ charge of sales.
for
of
in
(2)We need someone to ____ ______ __ our physical
training. 我们需要选一位负责体育训练的人。
(3)Our class is __ ___ ______ __ our class teacher.
我们班由班主任管理。
take
charge
of
in
the
charge
of
2. approach n. 方法; 途径; 接近vt. 接近; 接洽; 着手处理 vi. 靠近
*The path serves as an approach to the boathouse.
这条小路是通向那个船库的一条路径。
*(2019?天津高考) If a child approaches him, he will
pause to give that child his undivided attention.
如果有孩子找到他, 他将暂停下来把注意力放到孩子身
上。
*(2018·北京高考)As I approached mile 23, I could see
my wife waving a sign.
当我接近23英里时, 我能看到我的妻子挥舞着牌子。
*All the approaches to the palace were guarded by troops.
通往宫殿的所有道路都有军队守卫。
【易混辨析】
approach 指待人接物或思考问题的方式、方法、态度。常用approach to sth.
means 指实现目的的任何手段, 或使用某种交通工具的方式。常用by means of
method 指有条理的、系统的办法, 特别指新的办法。常用method of
way 使用范围很广, 但较多地用在具体的事情上或口语中。常用way of doing/way to do
【熟词生义】
*It might be possible to approach the problem in a
different way.
处理这个问题也许可以用一种不同的方法。
( )
vt. 处理, 对付
*The charity approached several stores about giving
food aid.
慈善机构找了几家商店, 请求他们给予食品援助。
( )
vt. 向……提出要求, 与……接洽
【即学活用】
(1)用approach的适当形式填空
①The thief froze when he heard the footsteps
___________.
②All __________ to the city were blocked.
③(2018·天津高考)Unfortunately, just as I took out
my camera, a woman ___________ from behind.
approaching
approaches
approached
(2)_____ _______ ___________, it is becoming cooler and
cooler.
随着秋季的到来, 天气越来越凉爽了。
With
autumn
approaching
3. eager adj. 渴望的; 热切的; 热心的
*Compared with adults, children are more eager to explore the world around them.
和成年人比起来, 孩子们更渴望探索周围的世界。
*Please go on with your enthusiasm, your eagerness, and your high spirit.
请保持你的激情, 热心和昂扬的士气。
*Children in the village are eager for knowledge.
村里的孩子渴求知识。
【语块积累】
(1)be eager for. . . 渴望……
be eager to do. . . 渴望做某事
(2)eagerly adv. 急切地; 渴望地; 热心地
(3)eagerness n. 渴望; 热心
【名师点津】
be eager for=long for渴望……
be eager to do sth. =long to do sth. 渴望做某事
【即学活用】
(1)He ____ _____ __ take up some job.
他热切地要开始从事某种工作。
(2)He __ really _____ ___ success.
他渴望成功。
(3)I was deeply touched by their _________(eager) to
learn.
was
eager
to
is
eager
for
eagerness
4. roll vi. &vt. (使) 翻滚; (使)滚动
n. 卷(轴); 翻滚; 面包圈; 名单
*(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it.
我们传着球, 他努力把球放到嘴里, 他试着弹起球, 滚动它, 坐在上面或者扔球。
*She looked at Ginny and tears rolled down her cheeks.
她看着金尼, 泪珠顺着脸颊淌下。
*In mid-afternoon, shopkeepers began to roll down their shutters.
下午三点钟左右, 店主们开始摇下百叶窗。
*People may roll their eyes and talk about overprotective grandmothers.
*人们可能会翻着白眼讨论过分呵护的祖母们。
*He sipped at his coffee and spread butter on a roll.
他抿了一口咖啡, 将黄油涂在了面包卷上。
【语块积累】
roll out 铺开; 滚出
roll in 蜂拥而来
roll up 卷起; 滚滚上升
roll down 摇下; 滚下
roll one’s eyes 翻白眼
rock and roll 摇滚乐
【熟词生义】
Pro-democracy activists say a new electoral roll should
be drawn up. ( )
亲民主派活动分子们说应当起草一份新的候选人名
单。
n. 名单
【即学活用】
(1)(2019?全国卷Ⅲ)It took a few youthful and daring
businessmen to ___ ___ ____ ______.
几位年轻而勇敢的商人才开始行动。
get
the
ball
rolling
(2)(2019?浙江高考)Their victory in America was still
remembered as a major turning point in the history of
____ ____ ___.
他们在美国的胜利仍然被认为是摇滚乐历史上的一个
重大转折点。
(3)____ ___ your sleeves.
把你的袖子挽起来。
rock
and
roll
Roll
up
(4)Offers of help are still ______ __.
帮助正在大量涌入。
(5)He _____ _____ his car window and started shouting
at them.
他摇下车窗, 朝他们大声喊起来。
rolling
in
rolled
down
5. crowd n. 人群; 一群人; 民众 vt. 挤满; 使……拥挤
*(2019?全国卷Ⅰ)Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace?
乞力马扎罗山是一座拥挤的山, 挤满了成群的游客, 破坏了它宁静的气氛, 它应得这样的声誉吗?
*It took some two hours before the crowd was fully dispersed.
用了大约两个小时才把人群完全驱散。
*Hundreds of thousands of people have crowded into the centre of the city.
几十万人涌进了市中心。
【语块积累】
(1)a crowd of 一大群; 许多的
(2)crowd into 涌入; 挤入
(3)crowded adj. 拥挤的; 塞满的
be crowded with 挤满了; 充满
【即学活用】
(1)We all ________ _______ the stove to keep warm.
我们都挤在炉子边取暖。
(2)We have __ ________ ________.
我们的日程排得满满的。
crowded
around
a
crowded
schedule
(3)(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The city ____ ________ ____
disappointed people with no interest in settling down.
城市里挤满了失望的人们, 他们不想在这里定居。
was
crowded
with
(4)(2019·浙江高考)Aggressive wildfire control has
left California forests ________ ____ small trees that
compete with big trees for resources.
声势浩大的对野火的控制, 使得加利福尼亚的森林, 长
满了一些小树, 它们和大树竞争资源。
crowded
with
6. With all this beauty, it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and dining. ?
有了这些美景, 爱尔兰发展出包括音乐、舞蹈和餐饮在内的强大传统也就不足为奇了。
【句式解构】
句中it为形式主语, that引导主语从句, that仅起连接作用。英语中用it作形式主语的常见句型有:
(1)It+ be +adj. +主语从句
*It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny’s birthday party or not.
他是否会来珍妮的生日派对还不确定。
【名师点津】
如若形容词为 important / necessary, good/wrong, natural. . . 表达一种要求, 命令或者责备时, 多使用虚拟语气(should +v. )。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情, 完全可以用一般的陈述语气。
*It is important that we (should) learn English well.
我们学好英语是非常重要的。
(2)It + be + 过去分词 + 主语从句
这类过去分词有: announced, believed, expected, hoped, decided, reported, said, shown等。
*It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.
据报道在这次地震中死了16人。
*It is not decided who will give the operation to the patient.
还没有决定谁给病人做手术。
*It is said that he has come to Beijing.
据说他去北京了。
【名师点津】
如果主句中的过去分词是表示请求, 建议, 命令等词, 如suggested/ordered/demanded/insisted/commanded等时, that后的从句要用虚拟语气(should + 动词原形), should 可以省略。
*It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off.
有人建议推迟会议。
*It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours.
有人命令我们两小时内到达那里。
(3)It + be + 名词词组 + 主语从句
这类名词有: a fact, a pity, a shame, an honour, a question等。
*It’s a pity that you missed the exciting football match.
很遗憾你错过了那场刺激的足球比赛。
*It remains a question whether he will come or not.
他是否来依然是个问题。
(4)It + 不及物动词 + 主语从句
这类不及物动词有: appear, seem, happen, matter等。译为“好像……/碰巧……”。例如:
*It seemed that he didn’t tell the truth.
他似乎没有说实话。
*It happened that I was out when he called.
他打电话的时候我碰巧出去了。
【名师点津】
当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某个句子中作主语时, 为保持句子结构前后平衡, 避免头重脚轻, 因此常用it作形式主语置于句首, 而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用, 本身无词义。
【即学活用】
(1)__ _______ _______ ____ the man who had developed
communism should have lived and died in London.
这似乎是一件怪事: 这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在
伦敦生活过, 并且在伦敦去世。
(2)__ __ ______ ____ she will do well in her exam.
她在考试中会做得好, 这是确定无疑的。
It
seemed
strange
that
It
is
certain
that
(3) 句型转换
He is reported to have won the game.
→ ________________he has won the game. ?
It is reported that
【导语】爱旅行爱自由的你, 愿意因等待他人而耗费时间浪费掉假期不去出游吗? 让我们爱上独自旅行, 练就强大的内心吧!
Travel to Meet the Most Real yourself
“Joe, did you book your ticket yet? ” I asked.
“No. I changed my mind. I’m not going to go. ”
“What? You aren’t going to Australia? We’ve been planning this vacation for months! ”
“Yeah, I don’t feel like it. We’ll go some other time. ”
Over the coming weeks, I attempted to get my friend to reconsider, but to no avail. When Joe changed his mind, he changed his mind. Our trip to Australia—our big post-college adventure—was off. And none of my friends wanted to replace him. If I wanted to travel, it would have to be on my own.
It’s a pattern that has repeated itself over the years. While a few people have joined me along the way. But when it comes down to the wire, something always comes up, they’re suddenly too busy, or they get cold feet and change their mind.
It’s taught me that if I wait for others, I’ll never go anywhere.
But there are places I want to go, people to see, experiences to have, and food to try — and only so much time to accomplish it all.
So I refuse to wait—I won’t let others keep me from realizing my dreams. It can be scary traveling alone—especially when you’ve never done it before. But, to me, growing old without experiencing everything you want from life is scarier.
If you’ve been putting off a trip because you’re waiting for someone to go with—stop. Just go. Don’t let others hold you back from your dreams. Trust me, along the way you’ll make plenty of friends—from other solo travelers who thought “Screw it, if I don’t go, I’ll never go” to locals interested in meeting new people. You’re never alone when you travel.
More than that, solo travel gives you ultimate
freedom. You wake up and it’s just you—what you
want, where you want, when you want. In that
freedom and infinite space of possibility, you meet
yourself. You hit the limits of what you like and don’t
like. There’s no one to pull you in any one direction or
override your reasons. Want sushi? Get sushi. Want
to leave? Leave. Want to try bungee jumping? Go for it.
It’s sink or swim and you have to learn how to survive—who to trust, how to make friends, how to find your way around alone. That’s the greatest reward of solo travel— the personal growth. Each time you go away, you learn to become a little more independent, confident, and in tune with your emotions and desires.
Solo travel is not for everyone. Some people return home soon after departing, others cry for weeks before embracing it, and some just embrace it right away. But you’ll never learn that if you don’t travel once by yourself. Whether a weekend away, a two—week vacation or trip around the world, try it at least once.
Don’t wait for people or hold back from living your dreams. You could be waiting a long time until someone finally says “yes. ” There’s only now and if you don’t go, you’ll regret it.
Because if I hadn’t stopped waiting, I’d still be in my cubicle, trying to convince Joe to go to Australia, and wondering if I’d ever get to see the world.
Unit 4 History and Traditions
课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1. He was rolling(滚动) a pencil between his fingers.
2. The countryside was dotted (遍布)with small villages. ?
3. She greeted(迎接) us with a smile.
4. It is a local custom(风俗习惯).
5. I roared(咆哮) loudly in the quiet of the classroom.
6. This is one of the most striking(显著的)findings in the report.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ)They are eager to have a shopping center. ?
他们渴望有一个购物中心。
2. Parents have a great influence on their children. ?
父母对孩子有巨大的影响。
3. Chinese has a long history of five thousand years! ?
中国有着五千年历史!
4. Women officers make up 13 percent of the police force. ?
女警察占警力的13%。
5. If you work there, you will have a chance of meeting the film star. ?
如果你在那里工作, 你将有机会遇见电影明星。
Ⅲ. 书面表达
(2017·北京高考)
你的英国朋友Jim所在的学校要组织学生来中国旅行, 有两条线路可以选择: “长江之行”或者“泰山之旅”。Jim来信希望你能给些建议。请你给他回信, 内容包括:
1. 你建议的线路;
2. 你的理由;
3. 你的祝愿。
注意: 1. 词数不少于100;
2. 开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Jim,
I’m happy to receive your letter and know you’re coming to China.
Of the two trips to the Yangtze River and Mount Tai, both are highly recommended. Personally, I prefer the tour along the Yangtze River, the longest river and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization. You can learn a lot about the history of China and Chinese people. Moreover, the scenery along the river is amazing, with many well-known sightseeing spots. That’s why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.
Hope you’ll have a good time in China.
Yours,
Li Hua
PAGE
- 1 -
课时素养评价 十
Unit 4 Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. It is only the achievement(achieve) of these goals that will finally bring lasting peace.
2. His footprints were clearly evident(evidence) in the heavy dust.
3. There are lots of cemeteries(cemetery) outside the country.
4. They climbed upward along the steep cliffs surrounding(surround) the village.
5. Confucius is a great philosopher(philosophy) and educator in our country.
6. A must is a visit to the fascinating(fascinate) Motor Museum.
7. When chiefs(chief) of other tribes (部落) heard about this, they were all moved.
8. His letter poses a number of puzzling(puzzle) questions.
9. The immune system (免疫系统) is our main defence(defend) against disease.
10. I have to find a convenient location(locate) for the shelves.
Ⅱ. 根据提示完成句子
1. What can we do to help them to break away from(摆脱) the difficult position?
2. The British and Dutch belong to(属于) the same race.
3. The result depends on conditions as well as(也) how events developed.
4. Studying philosophy(研究哲学) will open another window to our lives.
5. Regular cleaning will make your room look cleaner(使你的房间看起来更加整洁).
6. The island is joined to(与……相连接) the mainland by a subsea tunnel.
7. Remember: keep your eyes open for(留意) all good things.
8. There is a hut surrounded with/by(围绕) colorful flowers blooming.
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
Help Hermit Crabs
(2019·北京高一检测)
Hermit crabs are nature’s recyclers. They eat waste and help keep oceans and shores clean. Unlike other crabs, the hermit crab has a thin outer shell over its soft tail. This makes the hermit crab easy prey for hungry predators(天敌). Hermit crabs stay safe by living in old seashells. A hermit crab is picky(狡猾); it tries on many shells until it finds one that fits just right. In recent years, however, many hermit crabs have had trouble finding their perfect homes. What is the problems? There are not enough shells to go around!
One reason for the seashell shortage is that ocean water is not as clean as it once was. This has caused chemical changes to sea water. Some sea animals, like snails, are affected by these changes. Now there are fewer snails making shells. People visiting the beach often take shells home as souvenirs(纪念品). This is another problem. Other people even take shells for their own pet hermit crabs! They do not realize that hermit crabs in the wild need those shells too.
Now people are working to solve this hermit crab housing shortage. They are teaching beach-Boers to leave seashells where they belong—at the seashore! Some people even make fake seashells that they hope the hermit crabs will like. For example, a group called Project Shelter invited people who visited their website to create different designs for hermit crab shells.
These designers had a lot to consider. What kind of material should be used to build seashells. The material must be light enough for the hermit crab to carry, but strong enough to protect the crab from predators. The man-made shells could not contain glue or any other substance(物质)that might harm a hermit crab. Another challenge with building a hermit crab home was the opening to the shell. Too big would mean the crab would not feel safe. Too small would be uncomfortable, and the crab would not want to move in.
The Project Shelter shells are placed in the wild for hermit crabs to find. Lucky hermit crabs can move into these new dream homes.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是寄居蟹生存的贝壳越来越少的现状及人类努力为它们建的新家。
1. Where can hermit crabs stay safe?
A. In different old seashells.
B. Behind the waste they’ll eat.
C. In their own thin outer shells.
D. Under the stones at the seashore.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段中Hermit crabs stay safe by living in old seashells. 可知, 寄居蟹在不同的古老贝壳中安身。故选A。
2. What does the underlined word “fake” in Para. 3 mean?
A. man-made B. perfect
C. hard D. comfortable
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第三段中For example, a group called Project Shelter invited people who visited their website to create different designs for hermit crab shells. “例如, 一个叫做Project Shelter的组织邀请访问过他们网站的人们为寄居蟹住的蟹壳创建不同的设计。”由此推知Some people even make fake seashells that they hope the hermit crabs will like. “有些人甚至制作假贝壳, 希望寄居蟹会喜欢。”“fake”的意思是“假的, 人造的”。故选A。
3. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The Project Shelter Group.
B. The shortage of the seashell.
C. New homes for hermit crabs.
D. The recyclers of the nature.
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据最后一段The Project Shelter shells are placed in the wild for hermit crabs to find. Lucky hermit crabs can move into these new dream homes. 可知, 本文讲述的是寄居蟹的新家。故选C。
B
(2019·北京高一检测)
Benito Juarez, a poor Indian boy, was twelve years old when he left his village home in December 1818. Benito walked forty-one miles to the city of Oaxaca, high in the mountains of Mexico. When he heard the Spanish spoken by the city people, Benito didn’t know what they were saying.
First, Benito became a servant for a wealthy gentleman, Serer Maza. Soon, he went to work for Antonio Salanueva , a church(教会) librarian. Antonio repaired and copied the library books, keeping them in good shape. Benito became his helper and his housekeeper. Antonio loved to teach. Benito soon became his student as well as his servant. With the help of Antonio, Benito learned to speak, read, and write Spanish.
At that time in Mexico, many people believed that Indians were not smart enough to read or learn. Antonio knew that was not true. Indians had been prevented from learning by a lack of schools. The first Spanish missionaries(传教士)who came to Mexico had educated the native people. In fact, churches from Spain had built the first college on the North American continent(大陆)for the Indians. As more Spanish came to Mexico, however, the Indian children were crowded out of the schools.
Benito was a good and bright student, so Antonio developed a plan for him. In 1821, when Benito was fifteen, Antonio decided to enroll him in a school for boys. Antonio taught Benito what he needed to pass the entrance test for the school.
Benito became a student at the college. His studies were difficult, and he was teased because he was the only Indian student there. He succeeded in spite of these challenges. Later, as the laws changed, Benito was able to attend a public college with other Indians.
Benito Juarez continued his education and became a lawyer and, much later, the President of Mexico from 1861 to 1872. He led the Mexican people to victory over the French, who tried to rule Mexico, and fought for the rights of Indians. He is one of the great heroes in Mexican history.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Benito在墨西哥求学, 上大学, 成为墨西哥总统的经历。
4. When Benito first arrived in the city of Oaxaca, he . ?
A. lost touch with his family
B. got the language problem
C. studied in a church library
D. lived in the mountain
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句When he heard the Spanish spoken by the city people, Benito didn’t know what they were saying. 可知, 当贝尼托第一次抵达城市瓦哈卡时, 他遇到了语言问题。故选B。
5. According to the passage, Antonio was a . ?
A. good teacher B. rich gentleman
C. strict housekeeper D. helpful villager
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段中Antonio repaired and copied the library books, keeping them in good shape. With the help of Antonio, Benito learned to speak, read, and write Spanish. 和第四段Antonio decided to enroll him in a school for boys. Antonio taught Benito what he needed to pass the entrance test for the school. 可知, 安东尼奥是一个好老师。故选A。
6. In Mexico, many Indian children couldn’t get an education, because . ?
A. they were less smart
B. there were not enough schools
C. there were too many native people
D. they were too poor to go to school
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段中Indians had been prevented from learning by a lack of schools. 可知, 在墨西哥, 印度许多孩子不能接受教育, 因为没有足够的学校。故选B。
7. What is probably the best title of the passage?
A. A young student in Mexico.
B. Fighting for the rights.
C. A bright Mexican educator.
D. Born to be a servant.
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句Benito Juarez, a poor Indian boy, was twelve years old when he left his village home in December 1818. 倒数第二段Benito became a student at the college. His studies were difficult, and he was teased because he was the only Indian student there. He succeeded in spite of these challenges. Later, as the laws changed, Benito was able to attend a public college with other Indians. 以及最后一段中Benito Juarez continued his education and became a lawyer and, much later, the President of Mexico from 1861 to 1872. 可知, 本文讲述了一个印第安学生在墨西哥求学的经历。故选A。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2019?全国卷Ⅱ)
Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: “Should I jump? ”This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin. 1 Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided. ?
2 More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. Only then should you set your goals. ?
You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. 3 So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward. ?
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible. 4 They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals. ?
Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 5 You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal. ?
You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.
A. This can affect your work.
B. So how should you motivate yourself?
C. However, this should not discourage you.
D. So why should we try to set specific goals?
E. They can change according to circumstances.
F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G. Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it.
【文章大意】本文讲了动机和目标之间的关系。二者相辅相成。
1. 【解析】选G。前面的句子说到“动机和目标的设置是一个问题的两个方面”, 后一句话说到前面的实例: 跳台上的孩子由于缺少动机无法决定跳还是不跳。可推知中间的句子会提到没有了动机会出现的结果。故选G项。
2. 【解析】选B。根据more than that以及后面的问句“我们如何保持动力来实现目标”可推知前面应该是一个关于如何让我们有动力这样的问题。故选B项。
3. 【解析】选A。前面提到“你的心不在你的工作上”以及So后提出的解决方法, 可推知中间应该提到前面问题带来的不好的影响这样的内容。故选A项。
4. 【解析】选E。根据前面的句子“目标是灵活的”可知它是可以变化的。故选E项。
5. 【解析】选C。前面提到“由于视力不好, 原来的当飞行员的目标实现不了”这样的令人沮丧的情况, 后面又提到重新评估你的目标, 可推知中间一句应该提到前面的情况不应该使你灰心丧气。故选C项。
PAGE
- 1 -
课时素养评价 十二
Unit 4 Reading for Writing
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. It is no good crying(cry)over spilt milk.
2. It’s necessary for the young to master two foreign languages. ?
3. It’s very kind of you to help me with the work.
4. We should learn from those who are always ready to help others.
5. Please pass me the dictionary whose cover is black.
6. The first place that we were taken to see was their workshop.
7. It is well known that China has successfully won the right to host the event.
8. It is amazing(amaze) that at my age I am still fit.
9. I saw her taken(take)out of the classroom.
10. With many problems to settle(settle), he felt worried. ?
Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示用短语完成句子
1. I think I should introduce myself to you. ?
我想我应该向你做个自我介绍。
2. He is likely to be admitted to the Beijing University. ?
他可能被北京大学录取。
3. The mother is more than satisfied with her kid’s behaviour. ?
这个母亲对她孩子的行为很满意。
4. A crowd of women from the village wait to cheer their boys and men on. ?
村里的一群妇女等待着为她们的孩子和丈夫欢呼喝彩。
5. Lots of great sights along the way are a true feast for the eyes. ?
沿途的美丽风景真是一场视觉盛宴。
6. It seems that your mother won’t allow you to swim in this river. ?
似乎你妈妈不会让你在这条河里游泳。
7. It is a pity that you can’t go with us to enjoy the concert. ?
你不能跟我们一块儿去欣赏音乐会真是可惜啊。
8. It is reported that the film star will come to our city to publicize her new film. ?
据报道那位电影明星将来我们市宣传她的新电影。
9. It is easy to become addicted to smoking. ?
对吸烟上瘾是很容易的。
10. It took the workers almost three years to finish building the dam. ?
建完大坝花了工人们几乎三年的时间。
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
Welcome to Cape Town — the city that has everything!
(2019·佛山高一检测)
About two million tourists visit Cape Town every year. It isn’t the capital city (that’s Pretoria), and it isn’t the biggest city either (that’s Johannesburg), but Cape Town is South Africa’s most popular city with tourists for its many attractions and activities. From the beautiful views and sunny beaches to great shopping, Cape Town has something for everyone. In fact, a vacation in Cape Town is unforgettable!
Adventure (冒险) & outdoors
For the outdoor adventurer or sports fan, Cape Town has a lot of activities from climbing to diving — all combined with fantastic settings and sunny skies.
Water sports & diving
Cape Town’s beaches are perfect for water sports. Scuba diving is also popular. The many shipwrecks (失事船只) along the coastline offer some excellent dives. The more adventurous diver can even try shark cage (鲨鱼笼) diving to get eye-to-eye with a great white! If you aren’t so adventurous, try a visit to Boulders Beach. It’s part of a protected area for the African penguin. You can walk around on wooden roads and watch the penguins in their natural environment. It’s great for swimming too, if you don’t mind coming face-to-face with a penguin or two!
Cape Town’s weather is pleasant. In summer, it’s about 26℃ (and remember, mid-summer here is January! ), and the winter temperatures don’t usually fall below 10℃. The local money is the rand. There are one hundred cents to every rand. The three main languages are Xhosa, English and Afrikaans. The population of Cape Town is about 3. 5 million.
【文章大意】本文是应用文。文章是一则介绍开普敦旅游项目的广告。
1. What can we learn about Cape Town?
A. It is underdeveloped.
B. It is a well-visited city.
C. It is less famous than Pretoria.
D. It is bigger than Johannesburg.
【解析】选 B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的Cape Town is South Africa’s most popular city with tourists for its many attractions and activities及In fact, a vacation in Cape Town is unforgettable可知, 开普敦是一个热门旅游城市。
2. Which of the following is a special sight at Boulders Beach?
A. Shipwrecks. B. Penguins.
C. Sharks. D. Shops.
【解析】选 B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的try a visit to Boulders Beach. It’s part of a protected area for the African penguin可知, 在Boulders Beach游客可以看到企鹅。
3. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A. A few facts about Cape Town.
B. Some suggestions for tourists.
C. The best time to go to Cape Town.
D. The reasons for visiting Cape Town.
【解析】选 A。段落大意题。根据最后一段中对开普敦天气、货币、语言、人口的介绍可知, 该段主要介绍了开普敦的基本情况。
B
Students at St. Peter’s Lutheran School are helping fight hunger in Guatemala by volunteering (自愿参加) with Love the Hungry, a non-profit (非营利的) organization.
The school’s student body helped package 20, 000 meals for the organization based in Louisville, Kentucky.
St. Peter’s Lutheran has worked with the organization over the last few years. But this year it provided more help by asking a larger part of its students to take part, said Scott Krueger, a parent of three daughters who attend the school.
Students wearing gloves lined up on both sides of tables set up in the school’s gym as part of the packaging step. The job required scooping (舀取) food such as rice and other food from a large box that were provided by Love the Hungry.
Krueger, who also was volunteering for Love the Hungry, said he felt it was important for students to take part in it and see the importance of their work during the Sept. 13 event.
“This is one way to try to give back, ” Krueger said.
Love the Hungry, which was created in 2012, gives great attention to packaging healthy meals that can prevent malnutrition (营养不良) in young children, said Dale Oelker, the director.
Other than Guatemala, Love the Hungry also offers food to Nicaragua, El Salvador, Haiti and countries in West Africa such as Sierra Leone, Mali and Sudan.
Fifth-grader Sydney Johnson was among the hundreds of students who helped and said she felt it was important to make a difference for the hungry people.
“It makes me feel good how we all helped out, ” Johnson said.
Love the Hungry plans to offer 100, 000 to 150, 000 meals to Guatemala before the end of the year, Oelker said.
“It’s a part of the world that this type of meal can really help, ” said Oelker. “We are glad to work with St. Peter’s Lutheran School and it proves how volunteers of all ages can make a difference. ”
【文章大意】本文是新闻报道。美国一所学校的学生帮助一个慈善组织包装食物, 旨在解决危地马拉的饥饿问题。
4. What can we learn from Krueger’s words?
A. The job of the students was a bit difficult.
B. The event attracted more volunteers from the school.
C. The students realized the importance of giving back.
D. Love the Hungry has a long history of helping the poor.
【解析】选 B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的But this year it provided more help by asking a larger part of its students to take part可知, 今年来自St. Peter’s Lutheran School的志愿者比往年多。
5. How does Love the Hungry help fight hunger in Guatemala?
A. By offering food to the country’s kids.
B. By giving money to the country’s people.
C. By teaching the locals how to grow rice.
D. By providing packaged meals to the country.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第七段中的Love the Hungry, which was created in 2012, gives great attention to packaging healthy meals that can prevent malnutrition in young children可知, Love the Hungry组织通过向危地马拉提供包装好的食物的方式帮助该国解决饥饿问题。
6. What did Oelker express in the last paragraph?
A. His worries about the problem of hunger.
B. His thanks to the school and its students.
C. His pity for poor people around the world.
D. His pride in working for Love the Hungry.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。由最后一段可知, Oelker实际上表达了对这所学校和该校学生的感谢。
7. What is the purpose of the text?
A. To call on people to fight hunger.
B. To report a school’s volunteer work.
C. To introduce a non-profit organization.
D. To discuss the problem of malnutrition.
【解析】选B。写作目的题。通读全文可知, 本文报道了美国一所学校的志愿者活动, 学生帮助一个慈善组织包装食物, 致力于解决危地马拉的饥饿问题。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2017·浙江高考)
How to Do Man-on-the-Street Interviews
The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. 1 But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy. ?
?When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story, think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about environmental problems in America, you might ask, “Why do you think environmental protection is important in America? ” 2 ?
?Hit the streets with confidence. 3 Say, “Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic. ”This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you. ?
?Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera. Don’t get discouraged.
4 Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer, you won’t be able to use it. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. 5 ?
?If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air, don’t leave work without them.
A. Limit your time.
B. As you approach people, be polite.
C. If you don’t own a camera, you can buy one.
D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.
E. To get good and useful results, ask them the same question.
F. That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.
G. With a question like this, you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是如何进行街头采访。涉及采访前多准备一些问题, 满怀信心地走上街头, 限制采访时间等。
1. 【解析】选D。根据后面的But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy可知, D项“对于新记者来说, 这似乎是一项具有挑战性的任务”符合语境。
2. 【解析】选G。根据前面的develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it和you might ask. . . 可知, G项“问这样的问题, 你将会得到的不再仅仅是‘是’或‘否’的回答”符合语境。
3. 【解析】选B。根据后面的Excuse me, . . . and I was wondering if. . . 和get people to warm up to you可知, B项“当你接近别人时, 要有礼貌”符合语境。
4. 【解析】选A。此处是段落主题句。根据后面的Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes可知, 本段主要谈论的是“限制你的采访时间”。
5. 【解析】选F。根据前面的A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten可知, F项“这种采访的次数会给你所有你需要的答案”符合语境。
PAGE
- 1 -
课时素养评价 十一
Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structures
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. Critics remain puzzled(puzzle) by the election results.
2. Those woods gave us all a sense of belonging(belong).
3. He realized no one was in defence(defend)of his interest.
4. It could be a bit problematic, legally(legal)speaking.
5. He reads newspapers every day to keep himself informed(inform) about what’s going on in the world.
6. She wonders how many times she has to come here and gets her false teeth fixed (fix). ?
7. Mother had me go(go) to the shop and buy some salt.
8. With his homework finished(finish), he went out to play football.
9. We found the eggs eaten ( eat) by the snake. ?
10. I had my left arm broken(break) yesterday.
Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示用短语完成句子
1. He studied philosophy, psychology as well as(和) computer at Yale.
2. They share the same currency(有相同的货币) in those countries.
3. Military action(军事行动) may become necessary.
4. So, whatever I meet, I have confidence to conquer any difficulty(战胜任何困难).
5. It’s time to get your clothes washed(把你的衣服洗洗了).
6. I want the house painted white(想把房子粉刷成白色).
7. You’d better have yourself examined when you are free(把身体检查一下).
8. The book written by a farmer(农民写的) is very popular.
9. The building built last year(去年建的) now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake.
10. The problem discussed at the meeting (在会议上讨论的)yesterday was very difficult to solve.
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
Fishy Weather Conditions
(2019·北京高一检测)
Laj amanu, Australia, is a dry little town, sitting right on the edge of the Tanami desert. Can you imagine how surprised people were when live fish rained down on them from a dark gray cloud. It happens that there are similar cases in England and Honduras.
How do clouds make fish? The simple answer is that they don’t. There is a particular weather phenomenon(现象)called a waterspout. A waterspout is just like a tornado, only it forms above oceans, lakes, or rivers. Like a tornado, a waterspout moves in a circle at high speeds. When it moves above the water, it tends to carry the fish with it, as well as frogs or other small plants or animals.
Scientists couldn’t work it out at first. To make matters stranger still, the fish in Honduras were very much alive when they rained down to the ground, but they were all blind. In England and Australia, it rained fish and snakes, and none were blind. It was difficult to puzzle out, but the blind fish gave them a place to start.
Scientists knew that some fish that lived in deep, underground caves with no light sources often lost their eyesight. So when blind fish rained down on Honduras, scientists began to connect some dots. Clearly, these particular fish were pulled from an underground water source by force.
It has rained fish on every continent, and each time, people have tried in various ways to explain this strange phenomenon. Historically, villagers thought the“fishes from the heavens”might be answers to prayers for food. Others suggested that floods overran river banks and oceans, leaving the fish on the city streets. No scientist had actually seen the rain as it occurred, only the fish left on the ground. But in 1990, a National Geographic team happened to be in Honduras when the Rain of Fishes began. They recorded what was happening and made history by finally proving that the fish really did fall from the sky.
This huge breakthrough wasn’t just a spot of good luck. It changed thousands of years of myths and legends into true stories and provided scientific explanations for how fish came to live in deep caves. It explained ancient cave paintings and shed new light on how species have spread over time. It turned out to be a lot more than just a little fishy weather.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了可疑的天气状况, “为什么会出现这种雨中下活鱼的天气”。 盲鱼让科学家们开始认为龙卷风理论似乎更有可能。这个巨大的突破不仅仅是运气好, 而且它把几千年的神话传说变成了真实的故事, 为鱼是如何生活在深深的洞穴里提供了科学的解释。
1. According to the passage, a waterspout . ?
A. can make animals blind
B. is difficult to catch on film
C. can carry items with it
D. is a dangerous sea creature
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段中When it moves above the water, it tends to carry the fish with it, as well as frogs or other small plants or animals. 可知, 水上龙卷风可能携带水里的一些生物。故选C。
2. The blind fish made the scientists start to think that . ?
A. raining fish was a warning of natural disasters
B. animals changed to match their environments
C. the weather system differed from place to place
D. the waterspout theory seemed more possible
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句It was difficult to puzzle out, but the blind fish gave them a place to start. 可知, 盲鱼让科学家们开始认为龙卷风理论似乎更有可能。故选D。
3. From Paras. 5 and 6, we can learn . ?
A. how species in the area changed over time
B. the importance of finding the truth behind the event
C. that the discovery cleared up many different scientific theories
D. how the understanding of waterspouts affected other areas of science
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句They recorded what was happening and made history by finally proving that the fish really did fall from the sky. 和第六段倒数一、二句It explained ancient cave paintings and shed new light on how species have spread over time. It turned out to be a lot more than just a little fishy weather. 可知, 从第五段和第六段我们可以了解到事件背后真相的重要性。故选B。
4. The author writes the passage to . ?
A. describe the magic phenomenon
B. explain what caused the fishy weather
C. persuade people to protect the environment
D. encourage people to do scientific research
【解析】选B。写作意图题。纵观全文, 特别是第一段中how surprised people were when live fish rained down on them from a dark gray cloud. 和最后一段中It turned out to be a lot more than just a little fishy weather. 及本文的研究和结论可知, 作者写这篇文章是为了解释为什么会出现这种雨中下活鱼的天气。故选B。
B
If you’re a cycling lover, you will have to pay a lot of attention to your bicycle and maintain it well, for bicycle parts are exposed to wear and tear (磨损) over time and you have to examine the bicycle to see if there are any signs of wearing such as scratches, dents (凹陷), etc. Sometimes, a part may not work because it has exceeded its life expectancy. Sometimes, you will need to find replacement parts for it to keep up the performance of the bicycle.
Different parts of a bicycle will wear at different rates so it is very important that you have a basic understanding about the role played by each part. One of the most important parts of the bicycle is the frame, You will need to choose a frame that lasts for a very long time. Of course, you will see some paint scratches after some time. When you’re selecting a frame, you have to think about the material. Aluminium (铝) frames will not rust easily, but they have a higher chance to dent. Steel frames will be hard to dent, but you will need to make sure they get a good paint job so that they won’t rust.
Wheels also experience a lot of wear and tear and you should go for a professional seller when you want to buy wheels. There are different types of wheels that you can buy, like Zipp wheels that provide more aerodynamic efficiency (空气动力学效能). Investing in new tyres instead of going for used is a good idea because you will be able to get more use out of it. The same goes for chain as there’s a higher chance of a used chain breaking. You may also experience shifting problems. However, some parts of bicycles such as pedals can be used for a long time and you can find different styles.
Other parts that you can buy used are seats, handlebars and the stem. When you are buying handlebars, you have to see if there are any dents or if they have been bent out of shape. There shouldn’t be any cracks in the seat post or the handlebars. There are many shops where you can buy parts, so you will have to check the references to see how customers respond to them before you buy anything.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。对于自行车爱好者而言, 了解自行车的各个部分是如何工作的非常重要。文章针对自行车各个部分, 如: 车架该如何选择、对于车轮和链条的选择等等提出了详细的建议作为参考。
5. According to the passage, cycling lovers should . ?
A. buy a new bicycle to keep up the performance
B. replace the bicycle parts with signs of wearing
C. choose aluminium frames rather than steel ones
D. learn how each part of the bicycle basically works
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Different parts of a bicycle will wear at different rates so it is very important that you have a basic understanding about the role played by each part. 可知自行车的不同部件磨损速度不同, 所以对每个部件的作用有一个基本的了解是非常重要的。即自行车爱好者应该了解自行车的各个部分是如何工作的, 故选D。
6. Which parts may be replaced by the used ones?
A. Wheels and chains.
B. Tyres and seats.
C. Handlebars and stems.
D. Frames and pedals.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段第一句Other parts that you can buy used are seats, handlebars and the stem. 可知座椅、车把和把立可以用二手的替代, 故选C。
7. The underlined word “references” in the last paragraph probably means “ ”. ?
A. materials B. prices
C. introductions D. comments
【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据后文to see how customers respond to them before you buy anything可知你在买任何东西之前, 看看顾客的反应如何, 即对这些零件的“评价”, 故可推测划线单词意思为“评价”, 故选D。
8. This passage is most likely to be found in . ?
A. a research report
B. a popular magazine
C. a tourist guide book
D. a product advertisement
【解析】选B。推理判断题。文章内容主要是给自行车爱好者说明自行车各个部分的作用和注意事项, 此类文章最有可能出自一份流行杂志。故选B。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句世纪金榜导学号
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2019?全国卷Ⅲ)
In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. 1 While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic(逻辑)of each to their particular circumstance. ?
Do’s
? 2 Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus(教学大纲)and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn’t hiding in plain sight. ?
? Participate in discussion forums(论坛), blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. 3 Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same. ?
Don’ts
?Don’t share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. 4 ?
? Don’t openly express annoyance at a professor or class. 5 When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professor’s professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments. ?
A. That’s what they are for.
B. Turn to an online instructor for help.
C. If more information is needed, they will ask.
D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.
E. Below are some common do’s and don’ts for online learners.
F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.
G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.
【文章大意】本文为说明文, 主要讲述了在网络课堂上, 如何与教授建立健康的交流模式。
1. 【解析】选E。空前一句提到, 在网络课堂上, 与教授建立健康的交流模式非常重要。E项句意为: 以下是一些网上学习者常见的注意事项。该选项承上启下, 符合题意, 故选E。
2. 【解析】选G。本段内容是围绕提问题展开的, 与提问有关的选项只有G项, 句意为: 提出问题, 但要确保你提出的是经过深思熟虑的有价值的问题。故选G。
3. 【解析】选A。空前一句意思为: 参加讨论论坛、博客和其他开放式对话论坛。选项A提到: 这正是教授们所需要的。根据常识可知, 教授们需要学生进行讨论, 以提高思辨能力。故选A。
4. 【解析】选C。本段提到, 教授不是你的私人护士、理财顾问, 也不是你最好的朋友, 所以不要谈论太多私人话题。假如你需要把提交论文的最后期限延后, 只要解释一下你目前的处境就够了。C选项句意为: 如果教授们需要更详细的信息, 他们会问你的。该选项符合题意, 故选C。
5. 【解析】选F。空前句意: 不要公开表达对某一个教授或某一堂课的不满。空后句意: 当一个学生在社交媒体上攻击教授时, 他所使用的语言实际上暴露了他的人品。选项F意思是: 每个人都曾遇到过不太满意的课堂。该选项承上启下, 符合题意。故选F。
PAGE
- 1 -
