(共28张PPT)
Unit 1 Cultural Heritage
Discovering Useful Structures
限制性定语从句(Restrictive relative clauses (3))
【情境探究】
观察上面对话, 并类比填空:
1. Do you know the man ____ spoke at the meeting just
now?
2. The train __________ has just left is for Shenzhen.
who
which/that
【要义详析】
一、定语从句的概述
定语从句 可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
关
系
词 关系代词 who; whom; whose; which; that; as
关系副词 when; where; why
*Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge which is the world’s longest cross-sea bridge opened to public traffic at 9 am Wednesday. (which引导的定语从句)
世界上最长的跨海大桥港珠澳大桥, 在星期三的九点开始通车。
*I grew up in a small village where everybody knew me. (where引导的定语从句)
我在一个小镇上长大, 那里的每一个人都认识我。
【名师点津】 先行词与关系词
1. 先行词: 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
2. 关系词: 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
3. 关系词通常有下列三个作用: (1)引导定语从句; (2)代替先行词; (3)在定语从句中担当一个成分。
4. 关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语; 关系副词在从句中作状语。
【即学活用】
语法填空
(1)(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They were well trained by their
masters ____ had great experience with caring for these
animals.
(2)(2019·浙江高考)On the edge of the jacket, there is a
piece of cloth __________ gives off light in the dark.
who
that/which
(3)(2019·北京高考)The students benefitting most from
college are those ________ are totally engaged(参与)in
academic life.
(4)(2018·天津高考)Kate, ______ sister I shared a room
with when we were at college, has gone to work in
Australia.
who/that
whose
(5)(2019·江苏高考)We have entered into an age _____
dreams have the best chance of coming true.
(6)(2019·天津高考)Their child is at the stage ______ she
can say individual words but not full sentences. ?
when
where
二、关系代词和关系副词的区别
定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的判断方法:
用法 依据
根据从句的谓语动词 若是及物动词, 后面若无宾语, 用关系代词; 若是不及物动词, 则用关系副词
根据关系词在从句中作的成分 把关系词放进定语从句中, 若作主语或宾语用关系代词; 若作状语用关系副词
*I visited the village where many children couldn’t go to school because of poverty. (作状语)
我参观了因为贫困很多孩子不能上学的村庄。
*I visited the village which/that is famous for its beautiful scenery. (作主语)
我参观了因美丽的景色而闻名的村庄。
【即学活用】
语法填空
(1)(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)One afternoon _____ I was in
primary school, I was walking by the school
playground.
when
(2)(2017·北京高考)The little problems __________ we
meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great
inventions. ?
(3) The reason ____he resigned was that he didn’t get
on well with the boss.
that/which
why
(4) (2018·全国卷Ⅱ) Thursday sees us make the short
journey to Paris ______ we will visit Disneyland Paris
park. 世纪金榜导学号
(5)Picasso painted many pictures ______ the main colors
are blue and pink.
(6)Her children have come to a stage ______ they can
speak out single words instead of sentences.
where
where
where
三、介词+关系代词
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时, 我们通常用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。关系代词只能用which或whom。先行词指物时, 用which; 先行词指人时, 用whom。在这个结构中, 介词的确定的原则是:
(1)依据定语从句中动词或形容词等所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。
*He is the man on whom you can rely.
他是你可以信赖的人。
*Jack introduced to me his friend with whom I was not very familiar.
杰克向我介绍了我不很熟悉的那个朋友。
(2)依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定。
*I’ll never forget the day on which we worked together in the countryside.
我不会忘记我们一起在乡下工作的日子。
(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。
*The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through which we could see what was happening inside the house.
这个聪明的孩子在墙上挖了一个洞, 透过它我们可以看到屋里发生的事情。
(4)表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时, 通常用介词of。
*Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of which she spoke fluently.
茱莉亚擅长德语、法语和俄语, 这三样她都说得流利。
【易错精点】
在定语从句中, 有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用, 如look after, look for等。
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy. (正确)
The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy. (错误)
四、定语从句中关系词的省略
关系词可以省略的几种情况
(1)定语从句的先行词在定语从句中作宾语时, 关系词通常省略。
*I have taken with me the two books (that/which) you asked me to return to the City Library.
我把你要我送还给市图书馆的那两本书带走了。
(2)先行词是way, reason, time, place等且它们在定语从句中分别作方式、原因、时间和地点状语时, 其后定语从句的相应关系词that/in which, why/that, when, where等可以省略。
*The way (that/in which) you look at the problem is wrong.
你看待问题的方式是错误的。
(3)由and, but, or等并列连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰同一个先行词时, 第一个关系词可以省略, 但第二、三个一般不可以省略
*The reason (why/that) he wanted to sell his house was that he needed a lot of money for his operation.
他想卖掉房子的原因是他的手术需要很多钱。
【名师点津】介词+关系代词的常见句型
(1)“代词+ of + which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句
这个结构中, 代词常常为all, each, one, many, much, most, some, none, both等, “代词+ of + which/whom”通常在定语从句中作主语, 说明整体中的一部分。有时候也可把“of+which/whom”置于代词前。
*It is reported that two schools, both of which are being built in my hometown, will open next year.
据报道, 在我的家乡两所学校都正在建设中, 将于明年投入使用。
(2)“数词+of+which/whom”引导定语从句
这种结构常用来引导非限制性定语从句, 有时候也可以把“of+which/whom”置于数词前。数词包括百分数和基数词。
(3)“the+名词+ of which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句
这个结构中, of which/whom充当定语, 修饰前面的名词, 整个结构相当于“whose+名词”引导的定语从句。
(4)“the+形容词比较级(最高级)+of+which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句
There are two buildings, the larger of which stands nearly a hundred feet hight.
这儿有两座建筑物, 较大的那座几乎有100英尺高。
Unit 1 Cultural Heritage
课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ. 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1. Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week?
2. I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. ?
3. The plan (that/which) they argued about was settled at last.
4. This is the new secretary (who/whom/that) I would like to introduce to you.
5. She was probably the hardest working student (that) I have ever taught. ?
6. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness.
7. Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
8. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent.
9. Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
10. The reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.
Ⅱ. 用定语从句合并句子
1. The man lives opposite our house. He is a miner.
→The man who/that lives opposite our house is a miner. ?
2. He will visit the famous dam in 2019. It was built in 1900.
→He will visit the famous dam in 2019 which/that was built in 1900. ?
3. The student will organize the party of our school. We saw him at the school gate.
→The student (who/whom/that) we saw at the school gate will organize the party of our school. ?
4. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework hasn’t been handed in.
→I want to talk to the boys whose homework hasn’t been handed in. ?
5. I still remember the day. On the day I first came to Beijing.
→I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. ?
6. The chemist often does experiments in the lab. The lab is not far from here.
→The lab where the chemist often does experiments is not far from here. ?
7. He grew up in the small town. After graduation, he returned to the small town.
→After graduation, he returned to the small town where he grew up. ?
8. You’re focused on the reason. You’re doing it in the first place for the reason.
→You’re focused on the reason why you’re doing it in the first place. ?
9. Many things are done on computers these days. We live in the days.
→We live in the days when many things are done on computers. ?
用本单元的语法点(限制性定语从句)翻译下面句子, 并组成一段连贯的短文。
1. 建在山顶上的寺庙可追溯到(date back to) 600年前。(which)
2. 它是一所需要好好保护(preserve)的最著名文化遗迹之一。(which)
3. 这所寺庙所在的山也因它而出名。(where)
4. 古人在这里建造它的原因还不清楚。(why)
5. 但是, 人们依然高度赞扬创造性地建造它的古人们。(who/that)
6. 目前, 由当地文化部分建立(established)的委员会正在努力防止它遭到破坏。(which/that)
The temple which was built on a high mount dates back to 600 years ago. It is one of the most famous cultural relics which should be preserved well. The mount where the temple stands is also famous for it. The reason why ancient people built here isn’t clear. People still think highly of the people who built it creatively. The committee which was established by the cultural department is trying to prevent it from being destroyed. ?
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(共36张PPT)
Unit 1 Cultural Heritage
Listening and Speaking
【导语】娜塔莎·贝丁菲尔德(Natasha
Bedingfield), 曾获全美流行单曲榜冠
军曲, 英国金榜冠军曲, 格莱美奖与全英音乐奖的提名,
全球超过600万张的唱片销售, Natasha Bedingfield无
疑是21世纪英国流行乐坛的骄傲。?
注: 听音填空
Let Go
by __________________
Yeah Yeah Yeah
Hey!
Foggy mornings, weekday grind
Natasha Bedingfield?
Take a minute to ①______________
Monday madness, Sunday’s best
Let’s go take a walk and catch our breath
Can’t let the little things, get you down
②________________, let’s enjoy right now?
No matter where we go, when we close our eyes
free your mind?
The sun is shining
Know it’ll be alright
Well dive through the ocean
And soar through the skies
Let go and ③____________?
Hey!
La La La La La La La La La La
La La La La La La
enjoy the ride
La La La La La La La La La La
Let go and enjoy the ride
Waves are crashing
Sandy feet
Let our troubles wash out to sea
④________________, name a star?
Climb a mountain
We are free to be who we are
You know it doesn’t get better than this
No matter where we go, when we close our eyes
Know it’ll be alright
We’ll dive through the ocean
And soar through the skies
Let go and enjoy the ride (enjoy the ride)
Yeah!
La La La La La La La La La La
La La La La La La
La La La La La La La La La La
Let go and enjoy the ride
Just let it go
Just let it go
Just let it go
Just let it go, oh, oh
Oh!
Oh!
No matter where we go, when we got our eyes closed
We know we’ll be alright, hey hey!
No matter where we go, when we got our eyes closed
We know we’ll be alright (we know we’ll be alright)
No matter where we go, when we got our eyes closed
We know we’ll be alright
La La La La La La La La La La
La La La La La La
La La La La La La La La La La
Let go and enjoy the ride
【词海拾贝】
【话题点拨】
文化遗产主要涉及文化遗产的含义、特点以及其重要的意义, 还涉及了国内外著名的文化遗迹和文化遗产的保护等方面的知识。
【话题词汇】
1. dynasty 朝代; 王朝
2. historic 历史的
3. ancient 古代的
4. typical 典型的
5. cultural relics 文化遗迹
6. rare and valuable 罕见且贵重的
7. artistic treasure 艺术的瑰宝
8. delicate handicraft 精美的手工艺品
9. intangible cultural heritage 非物质文化遗产
10. preserve major cultural heritage 保护重要的文化遗产
【话题句式】
1. Cultural heritage is a very important resource.
文化遗产是很重要的资源。
2. Cultural heritage is an important way to know more about ancient civilizations.
文化遗产是认识古文明的一条重要的途径。
3. Historical sites are the memory of our country’s glorious past.
历史遗迹承载着我们国家光辉的过去。
4. Cultural heritage is an important indicator of national development.
文化遗产是一个国家发展的重要标志。
5. In short, cultural heritage has a great influence on human development.
总之, 文化遗产对人类的发展有着巨大的影响。
6. We should protect the cultural heritage, and actively repair the damaged heritage of human civilization.
我们应该保护文化遗产, 积极修复受损的人类文明遗产。
7. Kunming has a history of 800 years so the cultural relics can be found everywhere.
昆明有着800年的历史, 因此文化遗迹到处可见。
【发音技巧】
巧辨连读
听力中有很多连读现象。如果不知道这方面的知识, 很容易听不清或者听错。所谓连读, 指的是词与词之间交界的两个音会经常连在一起, 发音时好像连成了一个较长的单词。听力中常见的连读形式:
(1)辅元连读: 在一个句子或短语中, 前一个单词以辅音结尾, 后一个单词以元音开头时, 需要将辅音和元音拼在一起连读。如: if I, for a walk, on a winter’s day。
(2)元元连读: 第一种, 在一个句子或短语中, 前一个单词的发音以/i/或/aI/结尾, 后一个单词以元音开头时, 中间加一个半元音/j/, 如I am. . . ; 第二种, 在一个句子或短语中, 前一个单词的发音以/?/或/u: /结尾, 后一个单词以元音开头时, 加一个半元音/w/, 如you are, who are。
【对点演练】
听音频回答问题, 并辨别对话中的连读。
(2019·台州高一检测)
1. What will the man probably do?
A. Ask Linda for advice.
B. Tell his sister the truth.
C. Lend some money to his sister.
2. What does the man suggest the woman do tomorrow night?
A. Stay at the party for a while.
B. Study at school.
C. Do her work.
3. What band did the woman see?
A. The one with a dancer.
B. The one with a pianist.
C. The one with three guitarists.
4. Why does the man prefer magazines?
A. They are cheaper.
B. They are more interesting.
C. They can be finished more quickly.
5. Where does this conversation probably take place?
A. At the woman’s home.
B. At a hotel.
C. At a hospital.
答案: 1～5. CACCB
【情境交际】
游客和当地人正在交流关于长城的一些情况。
(T: Traveler L: Local)
T: Hi, do you speak English?
L: Yes, I do! What can I do to help you?
T: Well. I know very little about the Great Wall. Do you know anything about its history?
L: Of course!
T: Could you tell me when it was built?
L: It 1. ______________(有……的历史) more than
2, 000 years in the dynasties of Qin, Han and Ming. ?
T: 2, 000 years ! That’s a long time !
has a history of
L: Yes. Some civilisations have long histories, especially
China.
T: OK, how long is it exactly?
L: It’s 6, 700 kilometres long. But, unfortunately some
sections are 2. _______(成为废墟) or lost forever. ?
T: It 3. ______________(听起来很令人吃惊). Do you
know who built the wall? ?
in ruins
sounds amazing
L: It was a team effort of soldiers, prisoners and locals. We believe it shows the hard work and wisdom of the Chinese people.
T: Wow! Exactly!
L: It’s quite difficult to get to, but I can help you to find a way to get there.
T: Thank you so much. You have taught me so much already, but I can’t wait to find out more.
【听力原文】
Text 1
M: My sister wanted me to lend her some money. But I’m short of money myself. I don’t know what I should do.
W: Just tell her the truth.
M: I’m afraid I can’t. Maybe I’ll ask Linda to give me some money.
Text 2
W: I’m afraid I can’t come to the party tomorrow night. I have to work on a report for school.
M: Well, why don’t you at least try to stop by for a little while?
W: OK, then.
Text 3
W: I saw a good band at last Saturday’s rock festival. The singer was great!
M: The band with the piano player?
W: I didn’t see anything with a piano. The singer was called Queen Cat. She could really dance, too.
M: Oh, I know what you mean—the band had three guitarists.
Text 4
W: Which do you prefer, magazines or books?
M: Um, I prefer reading magazines. Because I like a quick reading.
W: Yeah, you can pick them up and put them down just after a short reading. And they’re cheaper than books. And sometimes they have interesting ads.
Text 5
M: Can we have a double room, please?
W: Certainly. With a bath or a shower?
M: We prefer the room which has a shower.
(共115张PPT)
Unit 1 Cultural Heritage
Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1. cultural _______(遗产)
2. work _________(创造性地)
3. protect a ______(寺庙)
4. protect cultural _____(遗迹)
heritage
creatively
temple
relics
5. the ______(前者) palace
6. discover a ____(线索)
7. ________(保护) the forest
8. ________(促进) economic growth
9. a job __________(申请) letter
10. a good sense of _______(平衡)
former
clue
preserve
promote
application
balance
11. build a new ____(大坝)
12. the ________(提议) led to a _______(抗议)
13. ________(建立) a _________(委员会)
14. _____(限制) the damage to the buildings
15. _______(阻止) the ____(损失) of cultural relics?
dam
proposal
protest
establish
committee
limit
prevent
loss
16. make a ___________(贡献) to the country
17. the marketing ___________ (部门)?
18. raise _____(资金) for the poor
19. ______(在……之内) the reach of
20. __________ (调查)the _____(议题)
21. _______(管理) several tests
contribution
department
fund
within
investigate
issue
conduct
22. sign a _________(文件)
23. _________(消失) in a hurry
24. _______(企图) to escape
25. a __________(值得做的) cause
document
disappear
attempt
worthwhile
Ⅱ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的短语
1. He _________(可能) come tonight. ?
2. Some experts and writers also ___________(参加) the discussion. ?
3. Excuse me, please __________(让路) the passengers behind you. ?
4. You should ____________(保持平衡) when riding a bike. ?
is likely to
took part in
give way to
keep balance
5. Eating too much sugar can ______(导致) health problems. ?
6. He _______________(提议) that the injured boy
should be sent to the hospital quickly. ?
7. He often ________(求助) his teacher for help when
he met difficult problems. ?
8. Nothing can _______ us _____ (阻止)reaching our aim.
lead to
made a proposal
turned to
prevent
from
9. I want to ______ money __ (捐赠) World Wide Fund
for Nature because I love animals. ?
10. __________(确保) you join the queue inside the
bank. ?
11. All of us will struggle fairly hard to survive if we
are _________(处于危险中). ?
12. He _________(传递) the good news to his friends. ?
donate
to
Make sure
in danger
passed on
【构词规律】
根据给出的构词规则完成下面空格。
1. 动词+后缀-al构成其同源名词
propose→proposal n. 提议 arrive→______ n. 到达
approve→________ n. 同意 survive→_______ n. 幸存?
arrival
approval
survival
2. give+介词构成动词短语
give in 屈服; 让步
give ___ 分发; 用光
give ___ 放弃
give _____ 泄露; 捐赠
give _____ 归还
out
up
away
back
Ⅰ. 文本整体理解: 理清文章架构
Ⅱ. 文本细节理解: 探寻语篇细节信息
1. 根据文章细节信息完成下列问题。
(1)Why did the Egyptian government want to build a new dam in the 1950s?
A. To improve the economy.
B. To improve transportation.
C. To built a tourist attraction.
D. To benefit the area.
(2)Why did the building of the dam lead to protests?
A. It will damage the fields.
B. It will cost a lot of money.
C. It will damage the cultural relics.
D. It will damage natural environment.
(3)How did the government save the cultural relics?
A. By stopping the project.
B. By moving them to a safe place.
C. By repairing cultural relics.
D. By calling for donation.
(4)Which one can describe the project?
A. Successful. B. Negative.
C. Useless. D. Doubtful.
(5)What can be learned from the Aswan Dam project?
A. It is not suitable for the present time.
B. The protection of cultural sites is easy.
C. The cooperation can solve difficult problems.
D. The cultural heritages are disappearing because of construction.
答案: (1)～(5)DCBAC
2. 根据文章内容完成空格。
protection
Title: From problems to solutions
Part 1
(paragraph 1)
The introduction of the topic Keeping the right balance between progress and the
(2)_________ of cultural sites is a big challenge.
saving
solutions
damage
turned to
proposal
taken down
success
provide
nation
Title: From problems to solutions
Part 2
(paragraphs 2-5)
The process of (1)______ cultural relics ·Big challenges can sometimes lead to great (3)________.
·The Egyptian government wanted to build a new dam, which would (4)_______ many cultural relics.
·The government (5) ________the UN for help.
·Experts made a (6)________ for how to save cultural relics after a lot of efforts and the work began.
·Cultural relics were (7) __________and moved to a safe place.
·Countless cultural relics were rescued.
·The project was a (8)_______.
Part 3
(paragraph 6)
The summary of the text The global community can sometimes (9)_______ a solution to a difficult problem for a single (10)______.
Ⅲ. 文本素养提升: 阅读技能综合运用
1. 根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句。
译文: _______________________, 在走向未来的过程中,
我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。
新旧更替的时代已经到来
译文: 在征集研究该问题的科学家和住在大坝附近居
民的意见后, 在1959年_____________________。
政府向联合国寻求帮助
译文: 寺庙和其他的文化遗址被一点点地拆掉、然后
运走, _______________________________。
在一个没水的地方重新组装在一起
2. 结合课文主题回答下列问题。
(1)How to deal with the construction and the protection of cultural relics?
___________________________________________
______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
___________________. ?
I think although the construction is important, the
government should also make an effort to protect the
cultural relics. When they disappear, they won’t come
back and will lose its value. The government should
keep the right balance between the construction and
the protection of them
(2)As students, what should we do to protect our
cultural relics?
________________________________________
_____________________________________________
________________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________. ?
We should know more about cultural relics in
our country and do something we can to protect the
cultural relics. For example, we can spread the
knowledge of cultural relics and promote the
awareness of the protection of them
3. 课文语法填空
FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS
Keeping the right balance between progress and
the protection of cultural relics can be (1)__________
(challenge) because there comes a time (2)_____ the
old must give way to the new.
challenging
when
However, big challenges can sometimes lead
(3)__ great solutions. In the 1950s, the Egyptian
government wanted to build a new dam, which would
be likely (4) _________(damage) a number of cultural
relics. In 1959, the government turned to the UN for
help. A committee (5) ______________(establish) to
limit damage to the old buildings and prevent the loss
to
to damage
was established
of cultural relics. In 1960, the work began. Temples
and other cultural (6)____ (site) were taken down
piece by piece, and then put back together again in a
place (7)______ they were safe from the water. In 1961, German engineers moved the first temple and over
the next 20 years, countless cultural relics were
rescued. The project ended in 1980, which was
(8)__ great success. ?
sites
where
a
The spirit of Aswan Dam project is still alive today.
The (9)______ (globe) community can sometimes
provide a (10)_______ (solve) to the problems which
seem too difficult for a single nation.
global
solution
【阅读微技巧】
条目 描述 文章关联词
文章
体裁 议论文 论点: From problems to solutions
论据: The Aswan Dam project
结论: The global community can sometimes provide a solution
文章
线索 建设阿斯旺大坝时, 如何保护了文化遗迹 damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics; limit damage to; prevent the loss of cultural relics
条目 描述 文章关联词
环境
描写 时代发展, 新旧交替保护文化遗迹是一个挑战 the old must give way to the new;
preserve everything;
keeping the right balance;
a big challenge
阅读
技巧 注意文章的层次; 以及文章中的时间顺序 in the 1950s
in 1960
in 1961
over the next 20 years
1. creative adj. 创造性的; 有创造力的; 有创意的
*(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
对西方设计者来说, 中国和其丰富的文化给了西方的很多创作提供了启发。
*(2019·江苏高考)A city is the product of the human hand and mind, reflecting man’s intelligence and creativity.
城市是人类的(双手)和思想的产物, 反映了人的智慧和创造力。
【语块积累】
create vt. 创造; 创作; 造成
creation n. 创造
creativity n. 创造力; 创造性
【即学活用】用create的适当形式填空
(1)The bathroom is entirely my own _______.
(2)Like so many _______ people he was never satisfied.
(3)The department of education shouldn’t limit the
imagination and _________ of students.
creation
creative
creativity
2. preserve vt. 保存; 保护; 维持 n. 保护区
*(2019·江苏高考)His music deserved to be preserved in the family. 他的音乐值得家庭收藏。
*Many people are working hard to preserve these cultural relics.
很多人努力工作来保护这些文化遗迹。
*Pantanal is one of the world’s great wildlife preserves.
潘塔纳尔是世界上最大的野生动物保护区之一。
【语块积累】
preserve. . . from. . . 保护……免受……
preservation n. 保护
preserved adj. 保藏的; 腌制的
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)This is a perfectly _________ (preserve)14th century
house.
(2) The society was set up to preserve endangered
species _____ extinction.
(3) The central issue in the strike was the ___________
(preserve) of jobs.
preserved
from
preservation
3. application n. 申请(表); 用途; 运用; 应用(程序)
*His application for membership of the organisation was rejected.
他想要加入该组织的申请遭到了拒绝。
*He was informed that his application had been taken into consideration.
他被通知说他的申请已经被考虑。
*My proposal applies only to some of you. 词汇复现
我的提议只适用于你们当中的一部分人。
【语块积累】
(1)apply vt. 申请; 应用; 涂, 敷用; 专心于
apply to 应用; 适用
apply to. . . for . . . 向……申请
apply oneself to 努力/专注于
(2)be applied to 致力于
applicant n. 申请人
【知识延伸】
apply oneself to“专注于”, to为介词后面要跟名词或动名词。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)The new technology was applied __ farming.
(2)Many people have applied ___ the job.
(3) The __________ (apply) form is important. Sit
down and write it out properly.
(4)He was applied to ___________ (investigate) the issue.
to
for
application
investigating
4. take part in 参与(某事); 参加(某活动)
*They returned to take part in the season’s opening game.
他们回来参加本赛季的开幕赛。
*You should take an active part in social activities.
你应该积极参加社会活动。
【语块积累】
take an active part in 积极参加
play a part in 在……扮演角色; 起作用
【即学活用】
(1)You don’t need strength to ____ ____ __ ____ _____.
参加这项运动不需要太多体力。
(2)5G will ____ ___ _________ ____ __ our life in the
near future.
在不久的将来, 5G将在我们的生活中起着重要作用。
take
part
in
this
sport
play
an
important
part
in
5. give way to 让步; 屈服
*The driver may not see you or give way to you.
驾驶人可能看不见你, 或不会让路给你。
*The manager of this department say they won’t give in to the workers’ demands. 词汇复现
部门经理表示不会向工人的要求让步。
*He was giving his collection away for nothing.
他将收藏品无偿捐献出来。
【导图理词】
【即学活用】用give的短语填空
(1)After a long argument, we didn’t __________each
other. ?
(2) He is thinking of ________the promotion. ?
(3) You can help us to _______the newspapers. ?
(4) She _________all her furniture when she went
abroad. ?
give way to
giving up
give out
gave away
6. balance n. 平衡; 均匀 vt. 使平衡
*(2019·天津高考)These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.
这些行为极大地影响了生态平衡。
*He cut down on coffee and cigarettes, and ate a balanced diet.
他喝咖啡和吸烟都比以前少了, 饮食也均衡了。
*You have to balance the advantages of living in a big city against the disadvantages.
你必须权衡住在大城市的利与弊。
【语块积累】
(1)keep/lose balance 保持/失去平衡
the balance of nature 自然平衡
(2)balanced adj. 平衡的
a balanced diet 均衡饮食
【即学活用】
(1)The state has got to ____ _____ ____ __ _______ these
two needs.
国家必须找到平衡这两种需求的方法。
(2)It is believed that _______ __ ________ ____ is
beneficial to our health.
大家都认为保持均衡的饮食对健康很有好处。
find
some
way
to
balance
keeping
a
balanced
diet
(3)______ ______ _____ _______ of your study and
relaxation. 你最好是保持学习和放松的均衡。
You’d
better
keep
balance
7. lead to 导致
*(2019·北京高考)Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.
气候的变化会加速一些地区浮游生物的生长, 而在其他一些地区却减少了, 导致了海洋面貌的变化。
*(2018·天津高考) False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment.
虚报火警是违法的, 可能会因此而入狱。
*He attempted to lead a peaceful life, but in vain.
他企图过平静的生活, 但是这是徒劳的。
【语块积累】
(1)lead sb. to do sth. 使得某人做某事
lead a. . . life 过……的生活
(2)leading adj. 主要的, 领导的
(3)leader n. 领导
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)We firmly believe that war never settles anything but
lead __ violence.
(2)His carelessness led to ______ (fail) in the driving test.
(3)The new clue led the police ______(find) the thief
and arrest him. ?
to
failing
to find
(4)She prefers to lead __ happy life at home rather than
to be a career woman. ?
a
8. proposal n. 提议; 建议
*In four months, he put forward a proposal to set up China’s Aerospace Industry.
4个月后, 他就提出了建设中国航天工业的建议。
*His proposal that the system should be changed was accepted.
他提的关于修改制度的建议被接受了。
*We propose that changes (should) be made in the arrangements.
我们建议对安排做些变动。
【语块积累】
(1)make a proposal 提出建议
(2)propose vt. 提议; 提出; 建议
propose doing sth. 提议做某事
propose that. . . (should)+do 提议
【即学活用】
语法填空
(1)The Security Council has rejected the latest peace
________ (propose).
(2) I propose that we __________(hold) a meeting to
discuss this. ?
proposal
should hold
(3)People proposed ___________ (investigate) the case
carefully.
investigating
9. likely adj. 可能的 adv. 可能地
*(2019·北京高考)These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse.
这些发展很可能使得当前语音电话的问题更加糟糕。
*(2018·全国卷Ⅱ) It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging.
很可能因为太尴尬、太难了, 我们很可能不主动开始交谈。
*The former headmaster concluded that the project seemed unlikely to succeed.
前任校长推断说这个项目似乎难以成功。
【语块积累】
(1)be likely to do 可能做某事
It’s likely that 很可能
(2)alike adj. 相似的
(3)unlikely adj. 不可能的
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空
①Unemployment is likely _____(go) on rising this year. ?
②__ is likely that investors will face losses.
to go
It
(2)一句多译
他可能很快为这个项目筹集足够的资金。
→He __ _____ __ raise enough funds for this project
soon.
→___ _____ ____ he will raise enough funds for this
project soon.
is
likely
to
It’s
likely
that
10. turn to 向……求助
*Please turn to the police for help when you are in trouble. 当你遇到困难时请向警察求助。
*(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. 为了将注意力集中在她的学习上, 她拒绝了几个演出的邀请。
*The fact turns out that he is a creative expert, who is devoted to preserving cultural heritage.
事实证明他是一个有创造力的专家, 他致力于保护文化遗产。
【导图理词】
【即学活用】用turn的短语填空
(1)He is the guy you can ______for help when you are
in trouble. ?
(2)Some impractical suggestions were ___________
by the committee. ?
turn to
turned down
(3)The person I spoke to __________to be our new
teacher. ?
(4)To hear clearly, I _________the volume. ?
turned out
turned up
11. limit n. 限度; 限制 vt. 限制; 限定
*There is a limit to the amount of pain we can bear.
我们能忍受的疼痛是有限度的。
*The protests were not limited to New York.
抗议活动不限于纽约。词汇复现
【句式解构】
(1)without limit 无限制地
(2)limit. . . to 将……限制在
(3)limited adj. 有限的
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)The teacher limited her __ 80 words for her
composition.
(2) The uses of coal are by no means _______ (limit) to
heating.
(3) They had planned to turn the club into a _______
(limit) company. ?
to
limited
limited
12. prevent. . . from. . . 阻止; 不准
*(2017·天津高考)Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so.
当然, 我本可以问她, 但有些事阻止了我这样做。
*His family members attempted to prevent him donating money to that cheat. 词汇复现
他的家人试图阻止他向那个骗子捐钱。
*What can stop them from doing so without complaining?
什么可以阻止他们这样做而不抱怨?
【语块积累】
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空
①Too many negative thoughts prevent him from _____
(live) a positive life.
②This plan will ____________(prevent) from being
carried out. ?
living
be prevented
(2)His back injury may _______ ____ _____ _______ in
tomorrow’s game. 背上的伤可能让他明天不能参赛。
prevent
him
from
playing
13. loss n. 丧失; 损失
*(2019·浙江高考)The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. 在缺水最严重的地区, 损失的大树最多。
*I was at a loss for what to do next.
下一步该怎么做, 我完全没谱。
*We took a wrong turn and we got lost in the mountains.
我们拐错了弯, 我们便在山里迷了路。
【语块积累】
(1)at a loss 不知所措
suffer a great loss 遭受重大损失
(2)lost adj. 丢失的; 迷离的;
be lost in 专注于; 迷失于
be lost in thought 陷入沉思
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)My throat was dry. I was __ a loss for words.
(2) He sat there, ____(lose) in thought.
(3) He was not brave enough to report the ____(lose)
of the documents.
at
lost
loss
14. contribution n. 捐款; 贡献; 捐赠
*How much did he offer to contribute to the Red Cross?
他主动给红十字会捐了多少钱?
*(2018·江苏高考)No doubt the theater has contributed to the area’s development and economic growth.
毫无疑问, 剧院有助于地区的发展和经济的增长。
*China ought to make a greater contribution to humanity. 中国应当对人类做出较大贡献。
*He contributes regularly to the magazine to express his opinions about hot issues. 词汇复现
他定期给这个杂志投稿, 来表达他对热点问题的看法。
【语块积累】
【即学活用】 语法填空
(1)Tu Youyou has made great ____________
(contribute) to the people infected with malaria(疟疾).
(2) We made __ contribution to the famine relief fund.
(3)He contributed a number of articles __ the magazine.
contributions
a
to
15. conduct n. 行为; 举止; 管理办法 vt. 组织; 安排; 带领
*Are you ashamed of your conduct?
你对自己的行为感到羞愧吗?
*I decided to conduct an experiment.
我决定进行一次实验。
*The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city. 导游带领我们游览了古城遗迹。
【语块积累】
conduct an experiment/a survey 做实验/展开调查
conductor n. 指挥; 售票员
【即学活用】语法填空
(1) A lot of research is being _________(conduct) in
this area.
(2) The police officers decided _________(conduct) a
thorough and comprehensive review of the case. ?
conducted
to conduct
(3) To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like
you to look at a study _________ (conduct) in Australia
in 2012.
conducted
16. donate vt. 捐赠; 赠送; 献(血)
*(2019·北京高考)She donates 10% of AilicCandy’s profits to Big Smiles.
她捐赠了10%的AilicCandy的利润给Big Smiles.
*Employees make regular donations to charity.
员工定期向慈善机构捐赠。
【语块积累】
donate. . . to 向……捐赠
donation n. 捐赠
donated adj. 捐赠的
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)He donated thousands of pounds __ charity.
(2) All _______ (donate) blood is tested for HIV and
other infections.
(3) You can of course help by giving them a ________
(donate) directly. ?
to
donated
donation
17. attempt n. &vt. 企图; 试图; 尝试
*(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Every year about 40, 000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.
每年大约有4万人试图攀登非洲最高的乞力马扎罗山。
*The enemy made no attempt to defend, but ran around.
敌人没有试图防御, 而是四处逃窜。
【语块积累】
attempt to do 企图做某事
make (no) attempt to do (不)尝试做……
attempted adj. 企图的; 未遂的
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)Police say they’re treating it as a case of _________
(attempt) murder.
(2) He has attempted ______(find) a peaceful solution
to the conflict. ?
(3) They made no attempt ________(escape). ?
attempted
to find
to escape
18. worthwhile adj. 值得做的; 值得花时间的
*Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music.
他的女儿Melissa觉得保存他的音乐很有价值。
*It is worthwhile to discuss the problem further.
进一步讨论这个问题是值得的。
*This valuable picture is worthy of being preserved/to be preserved. 这幅珍贵的画值得保存。
【语块积累】
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)It is worthwhile to ____(send) him abroad for
further education.
(2) The book is worthy ___________________
_______(study) carefully. ?
(3) This idea is well worth __________ (consider).
send
of being studied/to be
studied
considering
19. Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow. 这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路, 而且明白了多个国家合作创造美好未来的可能性。?
【句式解构】
not only. . . but also 用于连接两个并列结构。
(1)连接并列主语时, 谓语动词的数与后面的主语保持一致, 即遵循“就近原则”。
*Not only you but also I am to blame.
不仅仅你, 我也应受到责备。
(2)not only. . . but also连接两个并列分句时, not only 置
于句首时, 从句要倒装。but also引导的分句不用倒
装。
*Not only did they lose their way, but also they had no
money.
他们不但迷路了, 而且还没有钱。
【即学活用】
(1)____ ____ ___ ___ _____ _______ correctly, but also
he spoke it fluently.
他不仅英语说得正确, 还说得流利。
(2)Not only the students but also the teacher ____
_______ ___ ____.
不仅学生们, 还有那位老师都反对该项计划。
Not
only
did
he
speak
English
was
against
the
plan
【一语闻天下】
1. President Xi Jinping called on the two countries to promote cultural and people-to-people exchanges.
习近平主席号召两国要促进文化和人文交流。
2. The decrease in fireflies will influence the food chain and further destroy the balance of ecological system.
萤火虫数量的下降会影响食物链, 进而破坏生态系统的平衡。
3. Hong Kong made an artistic contribution to the development of Cantonese opera.
香港对粤剧的发展做出了巨大的贡献。
4. Yang offered to donate 200, 000 yuan to Jiangsu University to establish a scholarship to assist students from poor families.
杨愿意向江苏大学捐赠200 000元建立奖学金来帮助来自贫困家庭的学生。
Unit 1 Cultural Heritage
课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ. 语段填词
1. A former (以前的) member of committee(委员会) who investigated (调查) the issue (问题)found a new clue (线索).
2. We should do our best to preserve(保护) cultural heritage(遗产) and relics(遗迹). For example, we can raise funds(资金) to repair this old temple(寺庙) on the mount(山峰).
3. The manager of this department(部门) is creative(有创造力的). He established(创立) a new way to promote(促进) sales.
4. Your application(申请表) and document (文件) should be handed in to the manager who conducted (管理) the project within(在……之内) ten days.
5. He was likely(可能) to protest(反对) this proposal(提议) and attempted(试图) to donate(捐款) money directly to the poor.
6. It is worthwhile(值得的) and essential to keep the balance(平衡) of nature. Otherwise, many animals will disappear(消失) and this area will suffer a great loss(损失).
Ⅱ. 选词填空
take part in, give way to, keep balance, make a proposal,
lead to, turn to, prevent. . . from, donate. . . to, make sure,
in danger
1. He always takes part in politics. ?
2. You’d better keep balance of your diet. ?
3. Just make sure you shut the gate after you. ?
4. They turn to you because they trust you. ?
5. We refused to give way to their demands. ?
6. The dam was in danger because of the rising flood. ?
7. This suggestion will certainly lead to an argument. ?
8. Further treatment will prevent cancer from developing.
9. How much on average do you donate to charity per year? ?
10. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week. ?
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. There was a time when I thought my dad didn’t know a thing about being a good father. 曾经有一段时间我认为我的父亲不知道如何做一个好父亲。
2. Fighting broke out between the South and the North.
南方与北方开战了。
3. These apple trees, which I planted three years ago, have not borne any fruit.
这些苹果树是我三年前栽的, 还没有结过果实。
4. I remember the place where you left your overcoat.
我想起了你落下大衣的地方。
5. Not only does the sun give us light but also it gives us heat.
太阳不仅给了我们光, 也给了我们热量。
Ⅳ. 结合课文主题使用本单元词汇与句型, 根据提示写一篇50词左右的短文
人们应该努力阻止(prevent)文化遗产(relics)的消失(disappearing)。措施如下:
1. 首先, 保持建设(construction)和文化遗产保护的平衡。
2. 应该建立相应的委员会(committee)和部门(department)来管理(conduct)这件事。
3. 通过筹款(funds)和捐(donate)钱来保护(preserve)文化遗产(heritage)。
4. 提高(promote)保护文化遗产的意识。
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
People should make every effort to prevent cultural relics from disappearing. The steps are as follows:
Firstly, the government should keep the balance between construction and the protection of cultural relics.
Secondly, a committee and department should be set up to conduct this. Thirdly, raise funds and donate money to preserve cultural heritage. Finally, people should promote the awareness of the protection of them.
The topic: Whether the protection of cultural heritage is important
Pros:
represent the ancient civilization
To respect the cultural heritage is to respect ancestors
make people proud of their own culture and country
Cons:
waste a lot of money; make no great sense to the development of economy
Which opinion do you agree with? Why?
Your opinion: _______________________________________________________
The reason: _______________________________________________________
【参考答案】
I am in favor of the protection of cultural heritage. The reason is as follows: Cultural heritage is a very important resource. They represent ancient civilization, so they are treasures of one country. They have survived for a long time and they are usually very rare and valuable. Once they are destroyed or disappear, they will never come back.
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(共74张PPT)
Unit 1 Cultural Heritage
Reading for Writing
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1. _________(下载)an English song
2. a ___________(专业的) ____________ (考古学家)
3. at the ________(入口) to the Great Pyramid?
4. the _______(过程) of building such a difficult structure
download
professional
archaeologist
entrance
process
5. at home and ________ (海外的)
6. a fire ____ (通道)
7. a _____ (一张) of paper
8. look at himself in the ______(镜子)
9. on the ____ (屋顶) of the building?
10. the _______(龙) Boat Festival holiday
11. ______(原谅) his mistakes
overseas
exi
sheet
mirror
roof
Dragon
forgive
t
12. high _______(质量) ______(数码的) ______(形象)
13. the Mogao ______(山洞)
14. __________(遍及) China’s ancient history
15. cultural _________(传统)
16. _______(进一步) education?
17. a _______(历史的) building
quality
digital
image
Caves
throughout
traditions
further
historic
18. the research’s _______(意见)
19. direct _____(引用)
20. words to show ___________(比较) and
________(对比)
21. _______ (识别) her attacker
opinion
quote
comparison
contrast
identify
Ⅱ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出相应的短语
1. Electronic computers are now in common use
________________(在世界各地). ?
2. He returned to America where he set to ________
(致力于) a new novel. ?
all over the world
work on
3. Several of the members have ____________(提出)
suggestions of their own. ?
4. I’m sorry I forgot. I was _______(有点) busy. ?
5. We are very ____________(熟悉) each other. ?
6. I had already taken steps to ________(加速) a
solution to the problem. ?
come up with
kind of
familiar with
speed up
Ⅰ. 文本整体理解: 提取语篇关键要素
Ⅱ. 文本细节理解: 探寻语篇细节信息
1. 根据文章细节信息完成下列问题。
(1)What are the researchers and scientists doing?
A. Holding an exhibition about cultural relics of the Mogao Caves.
B. Repairing the cultural relics of the Mogao Caves.
C. Introducing some knowledge about cultural relics.
D. Recording and collecting digital images of cultural relics.
(2)Why are so many people come to visit Mogao Caves?
A. Because it contains different cultures and history.
B. Because the Silk Road is still famous at present.
C. Because the copys and paintings were reproduced.
D. Because Mogao Caves has a mysterious history.
(3)Why did the Getty Museum reproduce a copy of the caves and paintings.
A. To make a fortune.
B. To attract more tourists to Dunhuang.
C. To make people admire them.
D. To exchange the different cultures.
(4)What’s the purpose of sharing digital photos over the Internet?
A. To make more money by selling them.
B. To promote the website about the Mogao Caves.
C. To teach people more knowledge about culture.
D. To promote people’s interest and call on people to protect cultural relics.
答案: (1)～(4)DACD
2. 根据文章内容完成空格。
appreciation
Promoting Culture Through Digital Images
Para. 1 Record and collect digital images of
cultural relics from the Mogao Caves to
spread knowledge and promote
(1)___________ of China’s ancient
cultural heritage.
attract
promote
educate
Promoting Culture Through Digital Images
Para. 2 The Mogao Caves have long been a meeting
point for different cultures, which (2)______
tourists from all over the world.
Para. 3 To (3)________ even wider interest around
the world in China’s ancient history, culture,
and traditions and (4)_______ people to protect historic and cultural relics.
Ⅲ. 文本素养提升: 阅读技能综合运用
1. 根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句。
译文: 他们录制和收集莫高窟文物的数码图片, _____
___________________________________。
莫高
窟是中国古代丝绸之路上一个重要驿站
译文: ________________________________________
_____________________________________________
___________。
世界各地的游客来敦煌游览莫高窟, 在美国洛
杉矶盖蒂博物馆甚至复制了莫高窟的文物和绘画来
供人们欣赏
译文: 这些科学家和研究者在网络上分享了大量(有关
莫高窟的)电子照片, ___________________________
_________________________________________。
希望在世界范围内促使人们对
中国古代历史、文化和传统产生更广泛的兴趣
2. 结合课文主题回答问题。
As a Chinese, how to protect the Mogao Caves
according to your opinion?
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________. ?
Firstly, in my opinion, a special preserve should
be set up. Secondly, raise people’s awareness of
cultural relics protection. Thirdly, properly control
the number of the tourists
关于文化遗产保护的新闻报道
【文本研读】
【文体剖析】
(1)新闻报道是对最近发生的重大事件、重要的人物进行简要而迅速地报道。
(2)新闻报道一般包括四个部分: 标题、导语、主体和结束语。
(3)撰写标题是为了撷取新闻要点、诠释新闻意义、吸引读者阅读; 导语是报道开头的第一段或第一句话, 它简明扼要地揭示出报道的核心内容; 主体是新闻的主要部分, 它用充足的事实表现主题; 结束语对全文内容作概括性的总结。
【话题词汇】
1. civilization文明
2. traditional传统的
3. unique独特的
4. date back to追溯到
5. pass down传递
6. the symbol of……的象征
7. take effective measures采取有效的措施
8. with the help of在……帮助下
9. think highly of对……评价高
10. make great contributions to对……做出巨大的贡献
11. have a great effect/influence/impact on
对……有较大的影响
12. lists of World Heritage世界遗产名录
【话题句式】
1. Cultural relics represent historic cultures.
文化遗产代表了历史文化。
2. Cultural heritage is a symbol of great ancient civilization.
文化遗迹是文明的象征。
3. I believe we can certainly protect cultural heritage well with the public and the government working together.
我相信, 由于公众和政府的共同努力, 我们一定能够保护好文化遗产。
4. It is reported that the local government will take action to protect cultural heritage in this area.
据报道当地政府将采取措施保护本地区的文化遗产。
5. With their efforts, more and more people become
concerned about protecting cultural relics.
在他们的努力下, 越来越多的人关心文化遗产的保
护。
【典题演练】
假如你是李华, 是英语报的记者, 请根据以下要点写一篇新闻报道, 介绍一下为敦煌保护做出巨大贡献的考古学家樊锦诗的事迹:
姓名: 樊锦诗
身份: 考古学家
出生日期: 1938年
出生地: 北京
毕业学校、日期: 北京大学, 1963年
专业: 考古学专业
成就: 自毕业后已在敦煌研究所坚持工作50余年, 被誉为“敦煌女儿”。致力于石窟的研究和保护。创造了“数字敦煌”, 收集和录制莫高窟的文化遗迹。对文物保护做出了巨大的贡献。一生中荣获了很多奖, 被评为“100位新中国成立以来感动中国人物”。
参考词汇: 100位新中国成立以来感动中国人物one hundred people moving China since the founding of The People’s Republic of China
【谋篇】
【遣词】
1. _______________ 致力于?
2. _____________ 毕业于?
3. ________ 主修?
4. _____________ 被认为?
5. _______________________ 做出巨大贡献?
devote oneself to
graduate from
major in
be regarded as
make a great contribution
【造句】
1. 完成句子
(1)樊锦诗, 1938年出生于北京, 是一名著名的考古学
家。
Fan Jinshi, _____ __ Beijing in 1938, is a famous
archaeologist.
born
in
(2)她一生致力于莫高窟的研究和保护。
She _______ ___ ___ ___ __ the study and protection of
the Mogao Caves.
(3)1963年她毕业于北京大学, 主修考古学。
She _________ _____ Peking University in 1963 and
________ __ archaeology.
devotes
all
her
life
to
graduated
from
ajored
m
in
(4)因此, 她被誉为“敦煌女儿”
Therefore, she ___ _____ ________ __ the daughter of
Dunhuang.
has
been
regarded
as
(5)她创造了数字敦煌, 记录和收集莫高窟文化以及文
化遗产的数字图片。
She _______ digital Dunhuang, _________ and
_________digital images of cultural relics from the
Mogao Caves. ?
created
recording
collecting
(6)她对文化遗产的保护做出了巨大的贡献。
She has _____ __ _____ ___________ __ the protection
of cultural relics.
made
a
great
contribution
to
(7)在她的一生中, 她获得了很多奖, 其中一个是被评为
“100位新中国成立以来感动中国人物”。
In her life, she ___ _____ ________, and one of them is
one hundred people moving China since the founding
of The People’s Republic of China.
got
many
honours
2. 句式升级
(8)用非限制性定语从句连接(1)和(2)
Fan Jinshi, born in Beijing in 1938, is a famous archaeologist, ____ _______ all her life to the study
and protection of the Mogao Caves.
who
devotes
(9)用现在分词改写(3)
She graduated from Peking University in 1963,
________ __ archaeology. ?
(10)用非限制性定语从句改写(7)
In her life, she got many honours, one of ______ is one
hundred people moving China since the founding of
The People’s Republic of China.
majoring
in
which
【成篇】
Fan Jinshi, born in Beijing in 1938, is a famous archaeologist, who devotes all her life to the study and protection of the Mogao Caves.
She graduated from Peking University in 1963,
majoring in archaeology. She has been working in
Dunhuang Institute for more than 50 years since she
graduated from Peking University. Therefore, she has
been regarded as the daughter of Dunhuang. She
created digital Dunhuang, recording and collecting
digital images of cultural relics from the Mogao Caves.
She has made a great contribution to the protection of cultural relics. In her life, she got many honours, one of which is one hundred people moving China since the founding of The People’s Republic of China.
1. process n. 过程; 进程; 步骤 vt. 处理; 加工
*The governments are in the process of drawing up a peace plan. 政府正在起草和平计划。
*The material will be processed into plastic balls.
这些材料将会被加工成塑料球。
*It will take a week for your application to be processed.
审核你的申请需要一周时间。
【语块积累】
in the process 同时
in the process of 在……过程中
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)Her novel is in the process of _____ (be) turned into
a television series.
(2)Future 3D food printers could make _________
(process) food healthier.
(3) The article shows the process __ which the author
walked out of shadow of disability and pursued hope.
being
processed
in
2. forgive vt. &vi. 原谅; 宽恕 vt. 对不起; 请原谅
*(2018·天津高考) Sorry, please forgive us, you have a
really nice place. 对不起, 请原谅我们, 你的位置真好。
*I’ll never forgive her for what she did, which made
me suffer a great loss.
我绝不会原谅她做的事, 它使我遭受了巨大的损失。
【语块积累】
forgive sb. (doing )for sth. 原谅某人(做)某事
forgive sb. sth. 原谅; 宽恕
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)She’d found a way to forgive him ___ the theft of
the money.
(2)I can’t forgive Lewis for _______(rob) me of an
Olympic gold.
(3) She _______ him and never argued with him.
for
robbing
forgave
3. quality n. 质量; 品质; 素质; 特征 adj. 优质的; 高质量的
*The professional player has many good qualities and has made a great contribution to sports.
这位职业的运动员有很多优秀的品质并为运动做出了巨大的贡献。
*The product is of high quality and is not expensive, either.
这种产品质量好价格也不贵。
*(2017·江苏高考)The quality of life has improved and watching films is regarded as a good means of entertainment.
生活的质量有了改善, 看电影被认为是一种娱乐的好方式。
【语块积累】
of good/high quality 质量好的
in quality 在质量方面
【即学活用】
(1)Honesty is ____ __ ___ _____ ________.
诚实是他的美德之一。
(2)____ _______ __ _________ __ ____ _____ ______ is
better than that in some larger schools.
这所小学校的教学质量要比一些大学校的教学质量好。
one
of
his
good
qualities
The
quality
of
education
in
this
small
school
(3)The factory is now able to produce instruments
__ ____ _______.
这个工厂现在能生产高质量的乐器了。
of
high
quality
4. opinion n. 意见; 想法; 看法
*I’ve recently changed my opinion of her.
我最近改变了对她的看法。
*Everyone had an opinion on the subject.
大家对这个问题都有自己的看法。
*In my opinion, it’s worthwhile to take part in this meaningful activity.
依我看, 很值得参加这次有意义的活动。
【语块积累】
in one’s opinion=in the opinion of sb. 在某人看来
have an opinion on 在……方面有看法
【即学活用】
(1)We may _____ ________ ________ on organizing
class activities.
在组织班级活动上我们可能有不同的看法。
(2)_____ ________ ___ ______ _______ __ because they
can benefit us all.
好的想法值得坚持, 因为它们对我们有好处。
have
different
opinions
Good
opinions
are
worth
sticking
to
(3)__ ___ _______, we teenagers should go out with
our friends for fun so that we can relax more. 依我看
来, 我们青少年应该出去和朋友玩耍, 为了能更好地放
松自己。
In
my
opinion
5. comparison n. 比较; 相比
*This dress is really cheaper by comparison.
比较起来, 这件衣服确实便宜。
*It is interesting to compare their situation and ours.
把他们的状况与我们的相比很有意思。
【语块积累】
(1)by comparison (尤用于句首)比较起来, 较之
in comparison with 和……相比
(2)compare vt. 和……相比
compare. . . to/with 和……相比
compare. . . to 比作
【即学活用】 语法填空
(1)___ comparison, expenditure on education increased
last year.
(2) My room is small __ comparison with yours.
(3) __________(compare) with our opponent(对手),
we have a slight advantage.
By
in
Compared
【导语】《小妇人》这部小说以家庭生活为描写对象, 以家庭成员的感情纠葛为线索, 描写了马奇一家的爱。马奇家的四姐妹中, 无论是为了爱情甘于贫困的梅格, 还是通过自己奋斗成为作家的乔, 以及坦然面对死亡的贝思和以扶弱为己任的艾美, 虽然她们的理想和命运都不尽相同, 但是她们都具有自强自立的共同特点。
Little Women (excerpt)
“Christmas won’t be Christmas without any presents, ” grumbled Jo, lying on the rug.
“It’s so dreadful to be poor! ” sighed Meg, looking down at her old dress.
“I don’t think it’s fair for some girls to have plenty of pretty things and other girls have nothing at all, ” added little Amy, with an injured sniff.
“We’ve got Father and Mother, and each other, ” said Beth contentedly from her corner.
The four young faces on which the firelight shone brightened at the cheerful words, but darkened again as Jo said sadly, “We haven’t got Father, and shall not have him for a long time. ” She didn’t say “perhaps never, ” but each silently added it, thinking of Father far away, where the fighting was.
Nobody spoke for a minute, then Meg said in an
altered tone, “You know the reason why Mother
proposed not having any presents this Christmas was
because it is going to be a hard winter for everyone,
and she thinks we ought not to spend money for
pleasure, when our men are suffering so in the army.
We can’t do much, but we can make our little sacrifices, and ought to do it gladly. But I am afraid I don’t, ” and Meg shook her head, as she thought regretfully of all the pretty things she wanted.
“But I don’t think the little we should spend would do any good. We’ve each got a dollar, and the army wouldn’t be much helped by our giving that. I agree not to expect anything from Mother or you, but I do want to buy Undine and Sintram for myself. I’ve wanted it so long, ” said Jo, who was a bookworm.
Unit 1 Cultural Heritage
课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ. 语段填词
1. He downloaded(下载) a piece of song sung by this professional(专业的) musician. After listening to it, he wanted to buy a sheet(一张) of CD of higher quality (质量).
2. The archaeologist (考古学家) is in the process(过程) of studying the structure of the entrances(入口) and roofs (屋顶) of some historic(历史上著名的) heritage, such as pyramid, the Great Wall and so on. So he often travels overseas(在海外). ?
3. The digital(数码的) images(形象) of the Mogao Caves (洞穴) were so popular that they were spread throughout (遍及) the whole world over the Internet. ?
4. He made a serious mistake in an important parade(游行) during the Dragon(龙) Boat Festival. To his surprise, his classmates forgave(原谅) him.
5. In my opinion(意见), we should further know more about excellent traditions(传统). You can identify (识别)different customs by comparison(比较) and contrast (对照). ?
Ⅱ. 用适当的介词、副词填空
1. Malaria is bursting out again all over the world.
2. Is every project you worked on completed?
3. The president was moved to come up with these suggestions after the hearings.
4. I’m not sure why, but I feel kind of sorry for him.
5. Many tourists are not really familiar with the local laws.
6. I have found a way to speed up this process.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. It is said that the government will specially establish a department to deal with the protest.
据说政府将专门建立一个部门来应对这次抗议。
2. In fact, those people have been promoted since the new manager came.
事实上, 自从新经理来了以后, 那些人已经升职了。
3. It happened at the time when I left the office. ?
这件事发生在我离开办公室的时候。
4. As you know, Julia often turns to Jane for help when in trouble.
正如你所知道的, 当有困难时朱莉娅经常向简寻求帮助。
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课时素养评价 二
Unit 1 Discovering Useful Structures
Ⅰ. 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1. The number of people who/that lost their homes reached as many as 250, 000.
2. The report that/which Mr Turner handed in was about the motor race.
3. The woman who/whom/that you saw in the park is our geography teacher.
4. The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay.
5. It is the first American movie of this kind that I’ve ever seen.
6. I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
7. The reason why I was late was that my car broke down on the way.
8. I don’t know the person to whom you turned for help just now. ?
9. Her illness has developed to the point where nobody can cure her.
10. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.
每年来这个城市参观的人数达到了一百万。
2. I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen.
我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。
3. The teacher told me that Tom was the person (that/who/whom) I could depend on.
老师告诉我汤姆是一个我可以依赖的人。
4. China is a country which/that has rich cultural heritage.
中国是一个拥有丰富的文化遗产的国家。
5. This is my pair of glasses, without which I cannot see clearly.
这是我的眼镜, 没有它我看不清楚。
6. The moment at which we parted from each other was rooted deeply in my memory. ?
我们分手的那一刻深深地扎根在我的记忆里。
7. I’m writing to explain to you the reason why I was absent from your lecture last time.
我写此信的目的是向您解释一下我上次缺席了您的课的原因。
8. We will visit the place where many ancient Chinese emperors lived.
我们将参观一个很多古代中国皇帝居住的地方。
9. Steven Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet where life has developed gradually.
霍金相信地球不可能是唯一一个逐渐形成生命的星球。
10. Mo Yan has written many famous novels that/which are popular with young readers.
莫言写了很多著名的深受青年读者喜欢的小说。
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
More than 10 million Chinese cultural relics have been lost overseas, lots of which were stolen and illegally shipped out of China during the times of war before 1949. About 1. 67 million pieces are housed in no more than 200 museums in 47 countries, which accounts for 10 percent of all lost Chinese cultural relics, and the rest are in the hands of private collectors.
Most of these treasures are owned by museums or private collectors in the United States, Europe, Japan and Southeast Asian countries. There are more than 23, 000 pieces in the British Museum, most of which were stolen or bought for pennies more than 100 years ago.
The major method to recover these national treasures was to buy them back. In some cases, private collectors donated the relics to the government. Also the government can turn to official channels to demand the return of relics.
In 2003, a priceless bronze pig’s head dating from the Qing Dynasty was returned to its home in Beijing after it was removed by the Anglo-French Allied Army over 140 years ago. Macao entrepreneur(企业家)Stanley Ho donated 6 million yuan to buy it back from a US art collector and then donated it to the Poly Art Museum in Beijing.
Although buying-back is the most feasible way to recover the lost treasures, limited funding is always a big headache.
In recent years, the Chinese government has improved efforts to recover the precious cultural relics lost overseas. It has started a national project on the recovery of the treasures and has set up a database(数据库) collecting relevant information. It has signed several international agreements with many countries on this matter, and is also looking for international cooperation to recover the relics by working closely with several international organizations.
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。讲述了中国历史文物遗失海外及中国政府为收回丢失的文物所做的努力。
1. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The ways to recover cultural relics.
B. The efforts to recover Chinese cultural relics.
C. Stanley Ho donated a bronze pig’s head to Beijing.
D. Chinese cultural relics were stolen by the Anglo-French Allied Army.
【解析】选B。 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了中国政府为了收回丢失海外的文物所做的努力, 故选B。
2. We can infer from the passage that . ?
A. China has enough money to buy all the cultural relics back.
B. The Chinese government has done a lot to recover the lost cultural relics.
C. Many countries have returned the lost cultural relics to China for free.
D. China is preparing to set up a database to collect information about the lost cultural relics.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第六段可知中国政府已经为丢失的文物做了许多事, 故选B。
3. Which of the following statements about the bronze pig’s head is NOT true?
A. It was made in the Qing Dynasty.
B. It is now in the Poly Art Museum in Beijing.
C. It was donated by the French government to China.
D. It was removed by the Anglo-French Allied Army over 140 years ago.
【解析】选C。细节推理题。根据第四段In 2003, a priceless bronze pig’s head dating from the Qing Dynasty. . . it was removed by the Anglo-French Allied Army over 140 years ago. . . donated it to the Poly Art Museum in Beijing. 等信息可知A、B、D三项都正确, C项错误。故选C。
4. The underlined word “feasible” in Paragraph 5 can be replaced by “ ”. ?
A. possible B. difficult
C. wonderful D. careful
【解析】选A。 词义猜测题。本句句意: 尽管回购是收回丢失的珍宝的最可行的方式, 然而有限的资金总是令人头疼。“feasible”可行的, 可能的, 与possible同义, 故选A。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
Nick Rilling is a bright-eyed, active 5-year-old boy, normal in every way. What is 1 is that he’s that way today after three days’ 2 that happened because of his being underwater without 3 for some 8 minutes. ?
It was Oct, 17. The Maryland family were enjoying a vacation at a beach resort (旅游胜地) in Puerto Rico. The shallow (浅的) water suggested no 4 . But after a while when Kent Rilling 5 , he couldn’t find his son Nick! ?
The sunlight dancing on the water made it difficult for Kent to see where his son was. After an anxious and hurried 6 up and down, he suddenly found his son 7 face-up on the bottom, his eyes open, his body 8 . ?
“He just looked gray and his 9 black, ” Kent said. “We picked him up, ran him up to the 10 and just started CPR (心肺复苏) at once. ”?
For three days in hospital, Nick 11 unconscious (无意识的), his breathing was assisted by a breathing machine. The whole time, from the beginning when her husband brought Nick to the beach to give first aid (急救) as a crowd of other 12 gathered around, Cynthia Rilling kept taking pictures and videos of what was going on. ?
“ 13 as I was, I knew in my heart he was going to 14 . There was no way God was going to take our son from us. And I just said, ‘I am going to take pictures so he can see the 15 he went through when he grows older. ’”?
The family kept praying at his bedside, talking to him, hoping for a 16 . Finally, on the fourth day, when his parents asked him what 17 he liked, “Sponge Bob Square Pants, ” he answered. ?
After five days, Nick was well enough to be discharged from hospital, showing no ill 18 from his 19 experience. The doctors and nurses organized a “ 20 party” for him, and Nick was happy to watch his Sponge Bob Square Pants on TV. ?
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Nick溺水昏迷, 死里逃生的经历。
1. A. unusual B. frightening
C. common D. obvious
【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据下文可知, Nick Rilling在水下八分钟缺氧的情况下, 昏迷了三天, 今天他还是这样。这是一次不同寻常的经历。unusual不寻常的; frightening令人恐惧的; common普通的; obvious明显的。故选A。
2. A. illness B. unconsciousness
C. coach D. treatment
【解析】选B。词语辨析题。根据For three days in hospital, Nick unconscious, 可知, Nick昏迷了三天。illness疾病; unconsciousness无意识; coach教练; treatment治疗。故选B。?
3. A. help B. food C. care D. oxygen
【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据第三段最后一句he suddenly found his son face-up on the bottom, his eyes open, his body . 可知Nick溺水了。这里指他在水下缺氧约八分钟。故选D。?
4. A. danger B. interest C. difficulty D. fish
【解析】选A。背景常识题。根据常识可知, 浅水区基本没有危险。故选A。
5. A. turned up B. looked up
C. stayed up D. got up
【解析】选B。词语辨析题。句意: 但过了一会儿, 当Kent Rilling抬头一看, 他找不到他的儿子Nick了! turned up出现; looked up抬头; stayed up熬夜; got up起床。故选B。
6. A. search B. hike C. invitation D. rescue
【解析】选A。背景常识题。根据生活常识, 可知儿子在水中消失了, 他当然是焦急地来回搜寻。search搜寻; hike远足; invitation邀请; rescue救援。故选A。
7. A. swimming B. sinking
C. floating D. flowing
【解析】选C。词语辨析题。Nick溺水差不多八分钟了, 已经失去了知觉, 所以是脸朝上在水里“漂着”。swimming游泳; sinking下沉; floating漂浮; flowing流动。故选C。
8. A. rare B. fancy C. brief D. still
【解析】选D。词语辨析题。Nick失去知觉了, 身体自然一动不动。rare稀有的; fancy奇特的; brief简短的; still不动的。故选D。
9. A. legs B. eyes C. lips D. hands
【解析】选C。背景常识题。根据常识可知, 人如果长时间缺氧, 嘴唇会发黑。故选C。
10. A. boat B. beach C. carpet D. hospital
【解析】选B。词语复现题。根据The whole time, from the beginning when her husband brought Nick to the beach to give first aid as a crowd of other gathered around, 可知这里意思是把孩子带到海滩上实施急救。故选B。?
11. A. remained B. became
C. turned D. went
【解析】选A。词语辨析题。根据“We picked him up, ran him up to the and just started CPR at once. ”在海滩上实施心肺复苏可知, 那时孩子已经失去了知觉, 到了医院依然处于昏迷状态。remained保持。故选A。?
12. A. doctors B. couples
C. friends D. vacationers
【解析】选D。词语辨析题。根据The Maryland family were enjoying a vacation at a beach resort in Puerto Rico. 可知他们是在度假。因此这里是指孩子出事后, 别的度假者也围了过来。vacationers度假者。故选D。
13. A. Angry B. Excited C. Sad D. Hopeful
【解析】选C。词语辨析题。孩子溺水, 生命垂危, 母亲自然很伤心。故选C。
14. A. pretend B. recover
C. form D. appreciate
【解析】选B。词语辨析题。根据There was no way God was going to take our son from us. 可知这位母亲相信自己的儿子会痊愈。pretend假装; recover恢复; form形式; appreciate欣赏。故选B。
15. A. fun B. luck
C. operation D. experience
【解析】选D。词语辨析题。根据Nick was well enough to be discharged from hospital, showing no ill from his experience. 可知这里意思是我要给他拍照, 这样他长大后, 就能看到自己的经历。fun乐趣; luck运气; operation操作; experience经历。故选D。?
16. A. speech B. response C. laugh D. look
【解析】选B。词语辨析题。句意: 他的家人一直在他的床边祈祷, 和他交谈, 希望得到回应。response回应。故选B。
17. A. book B. friend C. toy D. cartoon
【解析】选D。词语辨析题。根据“Sponge Bob Square Pants, ” he answered. 可知, 父母问他喜欢什么样的动画片。故选D。
18. A. effects B. evidence
C. importance D. injuries
【解析】选A。词语辨析题。根据Nick was well enough to be discharged from hospital可知这里意思是Nick康复出院了, 没有任何后遗症。effects效果; evidence证据; importance重要; injuries伤害。故选A。
19. A. disappointing B. interesting
C. near-death D. favorite
【解析】选C。词语辨析题。这里是说他从濒临死亡的经历中康复过来, 且没有留下后遗症。disappointing令人失望的; interesting有趣的; near-death濒临死亡的; favorite最喜爱的。故选C。
20. A. reunion B. birthday C. rebirth D. dinner
【解析】选C。词语辨析题。句意: 医生和护士们为他组织了一个“重生派对”。reunion重聚; birthday生日; rebirth重生; dinner晚餐。故选C。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
(2019·洛阳高一检测)
Shadow play has a long history and is 1. unique kind of art form. It is performed 2. sending shadows of puppets (木偶) on a piece of white cloth. The puppets made of leather (皮革) 3. (paint) in very bright colours, so that the shadows they make are very 4. (colour). ?
The players stand behind the cloth and move the puppets against strong light when 5. (show) a shadow play, and the shadows of the puppets fall on the cloth. At the same time, the players talk or sing, telling a story with 6. (music) playing the drums and other instruments, such as erhu, sanxian, sheng, etc. People on the other side of the cloth can see the shadows of the puppets do all kinds of movements. It’s just like the movie today. ?
Shadow play started in the Han dynasty. 7. is said that Emperor Wu of Han was sad and didn’t want to do anything because one of his favourite wives died. ?
8. (cheer) him up, his officer made a puppet like the emperor’s dead wife with leather. He moved it and made it 9. (act) behind a piece of cloth. The emperor enjoyed it very much. After that, shadow play became 10. (popular) known in China. ?
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了皮影的表现形式和它的由来。
1. 【解析】a。考查冠词。a kind of“一种……”。kind被unique修饰且unique的首字母音素为辅音, 所以用不定冠词a。故填a 。
2. 【解析】by。考查介词。by doing“通过做某事”。故填by。
3. 【解析】are painted。考查时态和语态。分析句子可知, 句子为一般现在时, 主语为The puppets, 与谓语paint为被动关系。故填 are painted。
4. 【解析】colourful。考查形容词。be动词后接形容词作表语。故填 colourful。
5. 【解析】showing。考查非谓语动词。本句为省略句, 还原后为: when they are showing. . . they和show是主动关系。故填showing。
6. 【解析】musicians。考查名词。musician为可数名词。根据句意可知, 应用复数musicians。故填musicians。
7. 【解析】It。考查代词。本句It is said that. . . 是固定句型, 意为“据说……”。其中 It 作形式主语。故填 It 。
8. 【解析】To cheer。考查动词不定式。句意: 为了让他高兴, 他的官员用皮革做了一个像皇帝死去的妻子一样的木偶。分析句子可知, 动词不定式作目的状语。根据句意, 故填To cheer 。
9. 【解析】act。考查动词。make sb. do sth. “使某人做某事”。故填act。
10. 【解析】popularly。考查副词。popularly为副词修饰形容词known。故填 popularly。
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课时素养评价 三
Unit 1 Reading for Writing
Ⅰ. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. He wanted to be a professional (profession) archeologist.
2. Beside the entrance(enter) to the church, turn right.
3. They eat more processed (process) food at home and eat out more often.
4. All kinds of traditional (tradition) craft industries are preserved here.
5. The police decided to investigate further (far).
6. In my opinion, she dealt with the matter perfectly(perfect) fairly and reasonably.
7. By comparison(compare), British artists seemed to lack imagination and invention.
8. This is a historic(history) day for our country.
9. She opened the shutters and gazed out over village roofs (roof).
10. Those around her would forgive her for weeping(weep).
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1. The product is of high quality and is not expensive either.
2. Chinese silk has long been famous all over the world.
3. We hope you can come up with a plan better than this.
4. It’s kind of difficult to describe what I saw.
5. His fans would already be familiar with Caroline.
6. New technology will speed up the transfer of information.
7. Now’s the time when we are in need of more workers.
8. As you explained in the letter, we should donate the money directly to the charity.
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
Belgium is divided into three communities. Each one has its own language and traditions. But the people of Belgium are untied in their love for Belgian potato fries. The fries are prepared and sold the same way in all areas of the country.
The Reuters news service reports that potatoes reached Belgium in the 16th century. But it was not until the 19th century that restaurants and others began selling fried potatoes throughout the country as a separate meal.
Recently, a Belgian group launched a campaign aimed at getting the United Nations (UN) to recognize the popular treat. The group wants the UN’s Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization to place the food on its cultural heritage (遗产) list.
The UNESCO list recognizes more than 300 objects, beliefs and practices. They include Turkish coffee and the traditional Chinese theater known as Peking opera. The list also includes a dance, the Argentinian tango, and the singing of the Aka pygmies of the Central African Republic. UNESCO says the list is “made up of intangible heritage elements (非物质文化遗产元素) that help show the diversity of heritage and raise awareness about its importance”.
Belgian potato fries are traditionally sold in a paper wrapper, or cone, in a “fritkot” There are about 5, 000 fritkots in Belgium. That means they are 10 times more common as a percentage of the population as McDonald’s restaurants in the United States. The national organization of fritkot owners say the small, often unfurnished buildings are much like Belgium itself. It says these buildings combine the country’s acceptance of disorder with a dislike of structures that all look the same. The group says 95 percent of Belgians visit a fried potato hut at least once a year.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了the Belgian group努力让比利时薯条进入世界文化遗产名录。
1. Belgian potato fries . ?
A. were recognized by the UNESCO
B. are well received in Belgium
C. are sold in all food stores
D. didn’t become a separate meal until the 16th century
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段第三句But the people of Belgium are untied in their love for Belgian potato fries. 可知比利时薯条在比利时很受欢迎。故选B。
2. What’s the aim of the Belgian group?
A. To place Belgian potato fries on the cultural heritage list.
B. To prevent other countries producing Belgian potato fries.
C. To show the diversity of Belgian foods.
D. To prove the popularity of Belgian foods.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中The group wants the UN’s Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization to place the food on its cultural heritage list. 可知the Belgian group的目的是将比利时薯条列入世界文化遗产名录。故选A。
3. Which of the following is NOT listed in the UNESCO list?
A. Peking opera.
B. The Argentinian tango.
C. Turkish coffee.
D. American restaurants.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第四段中They include Turkish coffee and the traditional Chinese theater known as Peking opera. The list also includes a dance, the Argentinian tango, and the singing of the Aka pygmies of the Central African Republic. 可知D项American restaurants. 没被列在UNESCO名单中。故选D。
4. What does the underlined word “fritkot” in the last paragraph probably refer to?
A. A simple house which is used to live in.
B. A kind of small, unfurnished building.
C. A place where machines are used to make goods.
D. A piece of paper, plastic, or thin metal that covers something.
【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据最后一段中There are about 5, 000 fritkots in Belgium. . . The national organization of fritkot owners say the small, often unfurnished buildings are much like Belgium itself. 可知划线词指的是A kind of small, unfurnished building. 故选B。
B
Two-thirds of the world’s major rivers have now been disrupted(中断) with more than 50, 000 dams in an attempt to store water and provide power. In the US, there are more than 85, 000 dams, disrupting large and small rivers and in most cases transforming natural flow. The most famous of these, the Hoover Dam constructed in the 1930’s, is mainly responsible for the fact that the Colorado River no longer reaches the ocean.
Dams, besides all their attractive benefits, also have negative impacts. Creating a reservoir(水库) means a large area must be flooded. Communities may lose their land houses and cultural relics. Downstream of a dam, the flow may be reduced so that farmers cannot irrigate their fields.
Environmentally, the new reservoir can be a paradise for wildlife especially birds. However, it can cause greenhouse gas emissions(排放) and poison the water for fish. Also, the dramatic rise and fall of water levels during dam releases is too extreme for plants and animals to cope with, resulting in dead zones around the shores of reservoirs. Fish that lay their eggs in the shallows, for example, may find a few hours later that those sites are high and dry.
Dams don’t just block water flow. The flow may be reduced so that farmers will have great trouble getting water for their fields. They also prevent fish migrations and are a barrier to sediment(沉淀物) flow. Instead of rushing downriver, sediments get backed up against the dam wall, which causes the reservoir level to increase over time. However, sediments which are rich in nutrients have become a problem. The fertility of the entire system can be influenced by soils lost during seasonal rains, not being replaced.
Perhaps the biggest problem can be seen in deltas(三角洲), often host to large cities, which are sinking into the oceans. Groundwater is being extracted to feed the city, causing the urban weight to sink and sediments washed away by the ocean are no longer being replaced. The result is that sea level rises in cities from Shanghai to Alexandria.
【文章大意】本文主要讲的是人类在世界各地修建大坝对环境造成的影响。
5. What effects does creating a reservoir have on people’s life?
a. People will see fewer birds near the rivers.
b. Farmers below the dam may have less water to irrigate their fields.
c. Visitors can’t see some cultural relics anymore.
d. More conflicts and wars over water will break out.
e. All kinds of fish will become extinct in the future.
A. b c B. c e C. b e D. a d
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段Communities may lose their land houses and cultural relies和that farmers cannot irrigate their fields可知, 随着大坝的修建, 蓄水淹没了一些文化遗迹, 并且导致下游的农民无法灌溉农作物。故选A。
6. With many dams built across rivers, fish will . ?
A. find more places to lay their eggs
B. face a more dangerous living habitat
C. feed on more sediments rich in nutrients
D. find it easier to deal with the rise of water
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的it can cause greenhouse gas emissions and poison the water for fish. 可知, 随着大坝的修建, 蓄水会释放出温室气体, 使水有毒, 所以鱼的生活环境会变得危险。故选B。
7. How can dams influence the cities like Shanghai?
A. The rainy season will last longer.
B. Rich soils will be washed away.
C. Their entire systems will be influenced.
D. They will lie below sea level in the future.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的often host to large cities, which are sinking into the oceans. 以及最后一句可知, 未来有一天, 上海将会被海水淹没。故选D。
8. What does the text mainly talk about?
A. Economic gain of dams.
B. Cultural loss of dams.
C. Environmental benefits of dams.
D. Environmental loss of dams.
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 本文主要讲的是修建大坝对环境造成的不利影响。故选D。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
(2019·邢台高一检测)
Recent scientific studies have only underlined the importance of good sleep. But just what can a woman (or man) do to get a good night’s rest? 1 . ?
Silky (丝滑) Smooth
For silky smooth skin, buy some silky smooth cloth without wrinkling (起皱)! 2 . Silk won’t leave impressions on the face, those kind of strange marks that can appear anywhere on the body after sleeping on cotton cloth. Soft cloth can suit your body’s natural shapes and help keep their proper form. ?
3 ?
Here’s a simple way for people who have a hard time falling asleep: try taking a shower! Showering can relax the body and mind, helping the muscles to let go of daily stress. 4 . But most importantly, a shower also helps adjust body temperature. To actually fall asleep, our body temperatures need to drop a little bit. ?
Limits Out
In order to ensure sleep quality, make sure all lights are out in the room. Sleeping in the dark helps remove upset and helps our bodies go into deep sleep, during which the body and mind repair themselves. 5 . ?
A. Cool Down
B. Slow Down
C. These three easy tips will help you sleep better at night
D. This kind of cloth doesn’t wrinkle quite as roughly as cotton
E. Sleeping on your back keeps facial skin laying at a natural angle
F. A piece of black cloth covering eyes can help with the process too
G. Even better, it affords an opportunity to remove all make up before bed
【文章大意】本文为说明文。本文主要介绍了如何有良好的睡眠的方法。
1. 【解析】选C。根据上文But just what can a woman (or man) do to get a good night’s rest? “但是一个女人(或男人)怎样才能睡个好觉呢? ”以及下文对三点建议的描述可知, C项“这三个简单的建议将帮助你晚上睡得更好”符合此处语境。故C选项正确。
2. 【解析】选D。根据上文For silky smooth skin, buy some silky smooth cloth without wrinkling! “为了丝般光滑的皮肤, 要买一些不起皱的丝般光滑的布! ”可知, 此处接着介绍这种布, 故D项“这种布不像棉布那样皱得那么粗糙”符合此处语境。故D选项正确。
3. 【解析】选A。根据本段relax the body and mind, helping the muscles to let go of daily stress以及最后一句话可知本段主要讲述如何放松自己。A项“平静下来”符合此处语境。故A选项正确。
4. 【解析】选G。根据上文Showering can relax the body and mind, helping the muscles to let go of daily stress. “洗澡可以放松身心, 帮助肌肉释放日常压力”可知, G项“更好的是, 它提供了一个在睡觉前卸妆的机会”, 符合此处语境。故G选项正确。
5. 【解析】选F。根据上文Sleeping in the dark helps remove upset and helps our bodies go into deep sleep, during which the body and mind repair themselves. “在黑暗中睡觉有助于消除烦恼, 帮助我们的身体进入深度睡眠, 在此期间, 身体和大脑得以自我修复”。F项“用一块黑布遮住眼睛也可以帮助这个过程”符合此处语境。故F选项正确。
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课时素养评价 一
Unit 1 Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. I like challenging and creative (create) jobs.
【补偿训练】
There’s lots of room to express yourself creatively (creative).
2. With the help of historians, a lot of folk stories were preserved (preserve). ?
3. His application (apply) to the court for bail has been refused.
4. It is essential that your diet is varied and balanced (balance).
5. The proposal (propose) has not yet passed the discussion stage.
6. Families are limited (limit) to four free tickets each.
7. This book makes a significant contribution (contribute) to literature.
8. The spy attempted to escape(escape) to a neighbouring country. ?
9. It was a time when people weren’t so concerned about health.
10. Not only the teacher but also the students were (be) against the plan.
Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示用短语完成句子
1. We should take an active part in(积极参加) all kinds of useful activities.
2. We should give way to(让步) the proper protest.
3. The committee made a proposal(提议) that the government should investigate the reason why so many wild animals disappeared.
4. It is estimated that 5G technology will be likely to(可能) to be used in more fields.
5. In times of trouble, I always turn to(求助于) my parents for help. ?
6. The police have been trying to prevent them from(阻止……以防) carrying weapons.
7. I would like to donate my clothes to(向……捐献)charity.
8. He looked in the bathroom to make sure(确保) that he was alone. ?
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
(2019·滁州高一检测)
From the earliest times, man has been interested in art. People have often worked together to collect and save the world’s art treasures.
Fine art treasures from many countries are kept in an art museum called the Louvre in Paris, France. The works of art have been collected by the people of France over many centuries.
The Louvre has not always been a museum. The first building was a fort(炮台). In 1190, it was the king’s castle with high walls and a round tower. It had a moat to prevent his enemies from walking in.
Over the years, the number of buildings around the castle grew. By 1350, the castle was no longer needed as a fort. The Louvre became a palace home for French kings and queens.
During times of peace, new treasures were brought in. During days of war, many treasures were stolen, and the buildings were damaged.
When Francois Ⅰ became king of France in 1515, he brought in artists from many countries. One of the artists was Leonardo Da Vinci from Italy. Da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” is the best known painting in the museum today.
In 1793, the Louvre became a public museum, just as it is now. It is a place where art treasures have been saved for everyone to enjoy.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 主要介绍了保存很多国家艺术瑰宝的博物馆——卢浮宫。
1. On the whole, this passage is mainly about .
A. an art museum called the Louvre
B. an Italian artist named Leonardo Da Vinci
C. a king of France named Francois Ⅰ
D. the best known painting in Louvre
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。通读全文, 特别是根据第二段中的“Fine art treasures from many countries are kept in an art museum called the Louvre in Paris, France. ”可知, 本文主要介绍了保存很多国家艺术瑰宝的博物馆——卢浮宫, 故A项正确。
2. Why is it good for great art to be kept in public museums?
A. It helps people remember who the King of France is.
B. It keeps people out of the palaces.
C. It gives everyone a chance to enjoy good art.
D. It helps people to know who is the greatest artist.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It is a place where art treasures have been saved for everyone to enjoy. ”可知, 艺术瑰宝保存在博物馆中可以给每个人提供一个欣赏伟大的艺术作品的机会, 故C项正确。
3. From the passage we know that . ?
A. it is not possible for treasures to be stolen
B. old forts always make the best museums
C. great art should be shared with all the people
D. king Francois Ⅰ of France brought in artists from an old fort
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段“In 1793, the Louvre became a public museum, just as it is now. It is a place where art treasures have been saved for everyone to enjoy. ”可知, 卢浮宫成为公共博物馆的目的是让每个人都能欣赏伟大的艺术作品, 由此可知, 伟大的艺术应该与所有人一起分享, 故C项正确。
4. In the third paragraph the word “moat” probably means . ?
A. a high tower built in former times where soldiers watched out for enemies
B. a long and deep ditch(沟)dug round a castle and was usually filled with water
C. a cart pulled by horses on which soldiers fought
D. a long and high wall around castle
【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“to prevent his enemies from walking in”可知, moat是用来阻止敌人进入城堡的, 应该是在城堡周围挖的又长又深、装满水的沟渠, 故B项正确。
B
The Leshan Giant Buddha is a statue of Maitreya (弥勒大佛) in sitting posture. The Buddha is located in Sichuan Province, facing Minjiang, Qingyi and Dadu rivers. In December, 1996, the Buddha was included by UNESCO on the list of the World Heritage List (世界遗产名录).
The statue was begun in the year 713 in the Tang Dynasty, and finished in the year 803. The Buddha is 71 meters high. The 8-meter-long instep (脚背) is big enough for one hundred people to sit on and the 28-meter-wide shoulder is large enough to be a basketball playground.
A monk called Hai Tong is connected with the Buddha forever. At that time, wild waters brought out many boat accidents and people just put the disaster down to the presence of a water spirit. So Hai Tong decided to make a statue beside the river thinking that the Buddha would bring the water spirit under control. After 20 years’ begging from door to door, he finally collected enough money for the plan. When some local government officials tried to get this amount of money, Hai Tong said that they could get his eyeballs but not the money raised for the Buddha. After he dug out his eyeballs, these officials ran away in fear. The project was half done when Hai Tong passed away, and two of his disciples (门徒) continued the work. After a total of 90 years’ hard work, the project was finally completed.
Having such a long history, the Buddha was nearly destroyed by the wind and rain. The Chinese government began the repairing work in 1963 under the instructions of experts from UNESCO.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述世界文化遗产四川乐山大佛的一些情况。
5. What’s the main idea of this passage?
A. To explain the Leshan Giant Buddha briefly.
B. To tell us how the Leshan Giant Buddha was built.
C. To say where the Leshan Giant Buddha is.
D. To mention how the Leshan Giant Buddha came into the World Heritage List.
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了乐山大佛的概况, 包括它的位置、外观、地位及修筑过程, 故选A。
6. How did Hai Tong get the money for the Buddha?
A. By calling for donation.
B. By working on the river.
C. By asking the government.
D. By selling his eyeballs.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段第四句After 20 years’ begging from door to door, he finally collected enough money for the plan. 可知, 海通和尚是通过化缘的方式来筹集修建大佛的资金, 故选A。
7. What was the purpose of Hai Tong to build the statue?
A. make his temple more famous
B. show respect to the water spirit
C. protect the safety of the local people
D. get more people to believe in Buddhism
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句At that time, wild waters brought out many boat accidents and people just put the disaster down to the presence of a water spirit. So Hai Tong decided to make a statue beside the river thinking that the Buddha would bring the water spirit under control. 可知, 因这里经常发生船舶事故, 海通和尚想雕刻一尊大型佛像以制服水神, 保人们平安, 故选C。
8. Which one can best describe Hai Tong?
A. generous B. cruel
C. easy-going D. long-suffering
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据文章可知, 海通和尚为塑大佛, 20年辛辛苦苦四处化缘, 为保全资金不惜自毁其目, 最佳描绘他的词应是long-suffering“坚忍的”, 故选D。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句世纪金榜导学号
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Beat the Procrastination Habit
I am a procrastinator (拖延症患者). I always have been. I’ve tried all sorts of things to beat the habit. Here are some techniques I’ve been using:
Set aside blocks of time to do things.
When I was talking with my wellness (健身) coach earlier this year, she asked me why I didn’t exercise more often. “ 1 , ” I said. “Something always comes up. ” She wasn’t impressed. “J. D. , ” she said, “You have to make time. Make an appointment with yourself to run or to go for a bike ride. ” The same principle applies to other things you might procrastinate. ?
2 . Often I’ll be sitting on the back porch reading a book, and it will occur to me that some chore needs to be done-mending the fence, for example. “ 3 , ” I tell myself. Wrong! What usually happens is that I forget to write it down, and even if I do, I just look at the list and procrastinate for weeks on end. The best move is to actually do the chore when I think of it. (Assuming, of course, that I have the time at that moment, which I usually do. )?
Use a timer to bring you back to reality.
Part of the reason I procrastinate is that I’m a daydreamer. 4 . One way to keep on track is to use a timer. I use the Ultrak Jumbo Countdown Timer, but not as often as I should. I set it for 48 minutes. When it goes off, 5 : Am I doing what I’m supposed to be doing? ?
Do not multitask.
I often start many things at once, but I never actually do any of them. In order for me to get something done, I need to focus my attention on it. Trying to do several things at once is a sure way to be sure they’ll all be unfinished tomorrow.
A. I don’t have the time
B. I’m always lost in thought
C. it brings me back to reality
D. If it comes to mind, then do it
E. it serves as an instant reality check
F. I need to write that down so I can remember it
G. Do it right away if you are asked to do something
【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者结合自己的经历介绍了如何应对拖延症的几点建议。
1. 【解析】选A。根据本空前的“she asked me why I didn’t exercise more often. ”可知, 健身教练问我为什么不经常锻炼。此处是我的回答, 故A项I don’t have the time“我没有那个时间”符合语境。
2. 【解析】选D。根据本段内容, 特别是最后的结论“The best move is to actually do the chore when I think of it. ”可知, 最好的办法就是想做就做。由此可知, 本段讲的是想到了什么事情就要马上去做, 故D项If it comes to mind, then do it“如果想到了, 就去做”符合语境。
3. 【解析】选F。根据本空后的“What usually happens is that I forget to write it down, and even if I do, I just look at the list and procrastinate for weeks on end. 可知, 通常情况是我忘记写下来, 即使是写下来, 我也只是看看清单, 拖延几个星期, 故F项“我需要把它写下来, 这样我就能记住了”符合语境。
4. 【解析】选B。根据本空前的“Part of the reason I procrastinate is that I’m a daydreamer. ”可知, 我拖延的部分原因是我喜欢做白日梦, 此处承接上文, 故B项I’m always lost in thought“我总是陷入沉思”符合语境。
5. 【解析】选E。根据本空后的“Am I doing what I’m supposed to be doing? ”可知, 定时器可以让我们检查自己: 我做我该做的事了么? 故E项it serves as an instant reality check“它可以作为及时的现实检查”符合语境。
【阅读多维训练】
1. The Buddha is located in Sichuan Province, facing Minjiang, Qingyi and Dadu rivers.
译文: 乐山大佛坐落在四川省, 面朝闽江、青衣江和大渡河。
句式仿写: Qingdao is located in Shandong province, facing the Yellow Sea. ?
青岛坐落在山东省, 面朝黄海。
2. When some local government officials tried to get this amount of money, Hai Tong said that they could get his eyeballs but not the money raised for the Buddha.
分析: 本句是一个复合句。when引导的是时间状语从句, 句子的主语是Hai Tong, said是谓语,
that引导的是宾语从句, 从句中raised是过去分词作定语。
译文: 当一些当地的官员想贪污这笔钱时, 海通说他们可以取走他的眼睛, 但不能贪污建造乐山大佛的资金。
3. 文章结构分析
Para 1 generally introduce The Leshan Giant Buddha The Buddha is located in 1. Sichuan Province. It was included by UNESCO on the list of the World Heritage List.
Para 2 The date, size and the height The statue was begun in the year 713 in the 2. Tang Dynasty, and finished in the year 803. It is 3. 71 meters high.
Para 3 The process of building A monk called Hai Tong is 4. connected with the Buddha forever. After a total of 5. 90 years’ hard work, the project was finally completed.
Para 4 The present situation The Chinese government began the repairing work in 1963 under the 6. instructions of experts from UNESCO.
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