课件28张PPT。第十一讲 简单句考纲解读1. 对简单句的语言知识进行梳理，理清句子中的各种关系，夯实基础。
2. 学好简单句的基本句型，正确分析句子成分，准确判断句子结构。
3. 打好坚实的基础，为篇章理解、完形填空、语篇型填空、短文改错乃至书面表达奠定坚实的基础。
4. 熟练掌握有关简单句的用法，列出学生出容易出现错误的问题。
5. 通过典型例句讲解和巩固训练提高学生的语言应用能力。典例精讲知识点一 “主系表”句式考查
典例1：The exercise is easy and comfortable, especially it's always full of ___________ (energy). 【句意】这项运动轻松舒适，特别是它总使人充满活力。energetic 分析句子结构可知，句子为“主系表”结构，设空处在句中作表语，故用形容词词形变式训练 考向 “主系表”结构
变式训练 1. Their children could become ________ (addict) to video games during the July-August holiday. 【句意】 ：他们的孩子可能会在7-8月的假期里沉迷于电子游戏。addicted 分析句子结构可知，become为系动词，
此处应是填形容词形式作表语addicted典例精讲知识点二 主谓”句式考查
典例2： Many more big dishes _______________ (follow) later. will follow 句意：以后还会有更多的大菜。分析句子结构可知，句子为“主谓”结构，设空处在句中作谓语，follow为不及物动词，根据后面的later 确定用将来时态变式训练 考向 没有被动形式的不及物动词
变式训练 2. 改错 Great changes have been taken place here.句意：这里已经发生了巨大的变化。去掉been take place 为不及物动词词组，没有被动形式典例精讲知识点三 “主谓宾”句式考查
典例3：When the huge animal and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find __________ (they) alive. them 句意：当我和这个庞然大物似的动物互相惊吓时，我高兴地发现它们还活着。they的宾格是them分析句子结构可知，句子为“主谓宾”结构，设空处在句中作宾语，应用人称代词的宾格变式训练考向 “主谓宾”结构
变式训练 3． This switch has decreased _________ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and ……. 句意：这一转变减少了该国主要湖泊和水库的污染……。pollution分析句子结构可知，此处应是“主谓宾”结构，设空处应填名词形式作宾语pollute的名词形式：pollution典例精讲知识点四 “主谓双宾语”句式考查
典例4：We need to have the experiment succeeded, so perhaps we should give _______ an other try. it 句意：我们需要让实验成功，所以也许我们应该再试一次。 句子为“主谓双宾语”结构，设空处在句中作间接宾语，故用人称代词的宾格形式 变式训练考向 have/make sb.do
变式训练 4. Nothing will_________ me __________ my mind.
A. get ;change B. make; change
C. have;to change D.cause;change句意：没有什么能让我改变注意。B 根据动词have的用法，此处为have/make sb.do
或者get/cause sb.to do 的结构 句子为“主谓宾宾补”结构，设空1处在句中作谓语，设空2处在句中做宾补典例精讲知识点五 “There be” 句式考查
典例5：--Is there anything wrong with your computer?
--Yes. There ________ something wrong with it. I am going to have it ______ tomorrow. A. seem to be; check B. seems to be; checked
C. seem to being;checking D. seems to being; checkingB句意：--你的电脑有毛病吗？--是的。好像有什么问题。我明天要检查一下。空1处“There be”结构的变型: There seems to be ...
空2处在句中做宾补: have ... (it) done (checked)句子为“There be”结构和“主谓宾宾补”结构，空1处在句中作谓语且为there be句式的变式，变式训练考向 there be句型
变式训练 5．There have several advantages if you consult the person you trust. 句意：咨询你信任的人有几个好处。have改为are 这是个表示存在有的句子，只能用there be句型表示存在有there have是错用
所以 have改为are2018 全国卷1语法填空 69
1. Running is cheap, easy and it's always ____69_____ (energy). ?energetic 句意：跑步既便宜又容易，而且总是充满活力。挑战真题句子为“主系表”结构，空处在
句中作表语，故用形容词词形简单句2018 天津卷单项选择7
2. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs ___________.
A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. take B 句意：我需要新护照，所以我得照张相。
。挑战真题have sth. done 结构
用过去分词做宾补句子为“主谓宾宾补”结构，设空处在句中作宾语补足语，根据动词have的用法，此处为 have sth. done 的结构简单句2018 全国卷3语法填空
3. ?3.True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____ (mean) me no real harm.（He was just saying……）? meant 句意：大猩猩不是攻击的本性，这种巨大的动物对我来说并不意味着什么真正的伤害。挑战真题根据后一句时态，选择过去式meant此处应是为“主谓双宾语”结构，设空处在句中作谓语简单句2018 全国卷1语法填空
4. (You need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports ), so perhaps we should all give ____70 _____ a try. it 句意：（你只需要跑一半的时间就能得到和其他运动一样的好处），所以也许我们都应该试试。 挑战真题间接宾语用人称代词的宾格形式 句子为“主谓双宾语”结构，设空处在句中作间接宾语，故用人称代词的宾格形式简单句2018 全国卷3语法填空
5. (When the gorillas and I frightened each other), I was just glad to find ____ 68____ (they) alive. them句意：（当大猩猩和我互相惊吓时），我很高兴发现它们还活着。挑战真题句子为“主谓宾”结构，空处在句中
作宾语，应用人称代词的宾格简单句1. 1. The review says it ____ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.句意：医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。is 巩固训练叙述的是一个事实，
所以用一般现在时2. I felt happily that their life had improved. 句意：他们的生活有了很大提高，我感到很高兴。happily—happy巩固训练形容词作表语3. I find a change there. (The first time I went there ……During my last winter holiday.) 句意：我发现那里变化很大。（我去年寒假第一次去那里……）。find---found巩固训练根据文章中的During my last winter holiday可知，事件发生在过去，故用一个过去时find 的过去式是 found4. Since 2011,the country _________（grow）more corn than rice.句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。has grown巩固训练has grown since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时5. (The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—)when the government _______ (start) a soil-testing program (which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011). 句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。started 巩固训练when引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，故用过去时6. Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. I didn’t…..
(短文改错) 句意：但有时我还是不愿意为他们玩游戏。我没……。unwilling前加 was巩固训练 介绍的是过去的情况，故用过去时，主系表结构7. So he doesn't feel __________ (challenge). (2018全国卷3语法填空65)句意：因而，他就不会感到有挑战性。challenged巩固训练表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到有挑战性。
feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词8. He allowed me _________ (stay) and watch . (2018全国卷3语法填空70) 句意：他允许我驻足观看。to stay巩固训练固定短语 allow sb to do 允许某人
做某事，用不定式做宾补9. And the writing class had just begin. (2018全国卷3短文改错) 句意：而且写作课就已经开始了。begin---begun 巩固训练过去完成时的构成是 had done10. (The classroom is a place for learning) and that include leaning from textbooks, and mistake as well. (2018全国卷3短文改错)句意：（教室是学习的地方）包括从课本上学习，也包括从错误中学习。include---includes； mistake---mistakes 巩固训练that作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数 includes。第二处错误
考查宾语和名词单复数。错误不是一个，所以要用复数感谢欣赏第十一讲 简单句
(解析卷)
黑龙江哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
在高考英语复习中，考生往往容易忽略基础英语知识，而考生对十六个基本句型的掌握有助于解题时理清句子中的各种关系。在历年的高考试题中，虽然简单句的基本句式没有作为直接考查对象，但是这一语法项目是其它并列句、复合句和长难句的基础，也是理解篇章的根本要素。所以学好简单句的基本句型，正确分析句子成分和判断句子结构是学好语言的必备常识。教师需要指导考生打好坚实的基础，为篇章理解、完形填空、语篇型填空、短文改错乃至书面表达奠定坚实的基础。教师在辅导学生进行简单句复习的时候，首先要注重对其语言知识进行梳理，夯实基础知识，掌握核心内容，避免偏题、难题和怪题；教师要注意把有关简单句的语法现象从横向与纵向进行融会贯通。因此，教师要逐条列出学生出容易出现错误的问题，通过典型例句的讲解和巩固训练提高学生的语言应用能力。
I. 简单句的基本句型
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型列式如下：
基本句型一：S+V （主＋谓）
基本句型二：S +V +P （主＋系＋表）
基本句型三：S +V+O （主＋谓＋宾）
基本句型四：S +V +IO +O（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
基本句型五：S +V+O+C（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
II. 分类讲解
1. 基本句型一：SV（主＋谓）
这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语。如:
It is raining now. (SV)
We’ve worked for 5 hours. (SV)
The meeting lasted half an hour. (SV)
Time flies. (SV)
【即学即练】分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。
Dark clouds hung overhead. ( )
Gradually a smile appeared on her face. ( )
He is smiling all over his face. ( )
I did well in English. ( )
He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday. ( )
答案：以上都属于S+V类型。
2. 基本句型二：SVP（主＋系＋表）
常见的系动词有:be(是)，become(变得),seem(看起来),appear(显得), get(变得)grow(变得)，turn(变成), remain(仍然是),come(变得),fall(变得),hold(保持),keep(保持),stand(保持),stay(保持),smell(闻起来),look(看起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来),feel(摸起来)等。
It is a way of thinking.
Its walls remain as good as before.
All of the food looks, smells and tastes wonderful.
3. 基本句型三：SVO（主＋谓＋宾）
此结构是由“主语+及物动词（词组）+宾语”构成。
The museum also has an excellent restaurant.
I like taking risks.
The rapid development of tourism has created many job opportunities.
【即学即练】用下划线画出下列句中的宾语。
1)People all over the world speak English.
2)Jim cannot dress himself.
3)All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.
4)He did not know what to say.
5)He just wanted to stay at home.
6)He practices speaking English every day.
答案：
1)People all over the world speak English.
2)Jim cannot dress himself.
3)All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.
4)He did not know what to say.
5)He just wanted to stay at home.
6)He practices speaking English every day.
4.基本句型四：SVIOO（主＋谓＋间宾 ＋直宾）
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give“给”，pass“递”，bring“带”，show“显示”。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。
一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。
如：One day, he offered me some crack cocaine.(SVIOO)
强调间接宾语顺序为：动词 + 直接宾语 + 介词 + 间接宾语。
如：Show this house to Mr. Smith.
若直接宾语为人称代词：动词 + 代词直接宾语 + 介词 + 间接宾语。如：
Bring it to me, please. (不能说 Bring me it, please.)
【即学即练】
分析下列句子中的间接宾语（ ）和直接宾语（ ）。
She ordered herself a new dress.
She cooked her husband a delicious meal.
He brought you a dictionary.
He denies her nothing.
I showed him my pictures.
I gave my car a wash.
I told him that the bus was late.
He showed me how to run the machine.
答案：
She ordered herself a new dress.
She cooked her husband a delicious meal.
He brought you a dictionary.
He denies her nothing.
I showed him my pictures.
I gave my car a wash.
I told him that the bus was late.
He showed me how to run the machine.
5. 基本句型五：SVOC （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
此句型的句子特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语和宾语补足语合称为复合宾语,常见带复合宾语的及物动词有：elect,feel,find, get. have, hear, imagine, keep, make, notice, see, let
,smell,start,watch,appoint,believe,call,catch, allow, ask. cause, consider, expect, know, tell, think, want, wish, listen to, look at等。
I didn't want all the three to die.
My wife calls me a “movie fan”.
【即学即练】
分析下列句子并划出充当句子的宾语补足语，指出词性或结构。
1)They appointed him manager. （ ）
2)They painted the door green. （ ）
3)He pushed the door open. （ ）
4)They found the house deserted. （ ）
5)What makes him think so? （ ）
6)We saw him out. （ ）
7)He asked me to come back soon. （ ）
8)I saw them getting on the bus. （ ）
9)We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （ ）
10)I’ll have my bike repaired. （ ）
11)We elected him monitor. （ ）
12.)Don’t keep the lights burning. （ ）
答案：
1)They appointed him manager. （ 名词 ）
2)They painted the door green. （ 形容词 ）
3)He pushed the door open. （ 形容词 ）
4)They found the house deserted. （ 过去分词 ）
5).What makes him think so? （ 不定式 ）
6).We saw him out. （ 副词 ）
7)He asked me to come back soon. （ 不定式 ）
8)I saw them getting on the bus. （ 现在分词短语 ）
9)We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名词短语 ）
10)I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词 ）
11)We elected him monitor. （ 名词 ）
12)Don’t keep the lights burning. （ 现在分词 ）
6.there be 句型
此句型是由“there + be + 主语 + 状语”构成，用以表达“存在有”。
特点：它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词（也有看作形式主语的），并无实际意义。be 与其后的主语在人称和数上一致，有时态和数的变化。
现在时?? there is / are …??? 过去时?? there was / were… 将来时?? there will be…/there is / are going to be... 完成时? there has / have been… 可能有? there might be...?? 肯定有? there must be …/ there must have been... 过去曾经有? there used to be …? 似乎有? there seem / seems / seemed to be … 碰巧有? there happen / happens / happened to be …
提示：没有there have这种表示“有”的方法。
1. 如何辨别系动词
1）She looks beautiful. (looks变为is之后，她是美丽的，句意没有大的变化，looks是系动词。) Look at the picture. (look不能换为be, look为实义动词。)
2）He felt the book with his right hand. (felt不能换为be,felt为实义动词。)
The silk feels soft. (feels变为is之后，丝绸是柔软的，句意没有大的变化，feels是系动词。)
【即学即练】
辨别下列斜体动词是系动词还是实义动词。
The door stays open at night.
He tasted the food, and the food tasted delicious.
The book still lies open on the desk.
What he said proved true.
He can’t proved his theory(理论).
答案：
系动词: 实义动词:
2. 常见的系动词分类：
状态系动词 用来表示主语状态，只有be一词。如： He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。
持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand。如： He kept silent at the meeting. 他开会时保持沉默。 This matter remains a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 The food stays fresh in the fridge.食物在冰箱里仍然很新鲜。 The house stood empty for years.房子空了数年。 He lies awake in bed.他躺在床上，醒着。
表“像”系动词 用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look。如： Something seems wrong. 好像出差错了。 He appears young. 他看起来很年轻。
感官系动词 感官系动词主要有look“看起来”，feel“摸起来”, smell“闻起来”, sound“听起来”, taste“尝起来”。 This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。
变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样。变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run。 He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。 She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。 He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。 Eggs go bad easily in summer. 蛋夏天容易变坏。 His face went red.他的脸变红了。 What he had dreamt of came true.他的梦想实现了。 Still waters run deep.静水流深。
终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达“证实”，“变成”之意。如： The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果） What he predicted turned out (to be) wrong.他预言的结果是错的。
【即学即练】用下画线画出下列句中的系动词。
1）His advice proved right.
2）The shop stays open till 8 o’clock.
3）The machine went wrong.
4）All these efforts seem in vain.
5）These words sound reasonable.
6）The room soon became crowded.
7）The days are getting longer and longer.
8）He fell ill yesterday.
9）Trees turn green in spring.
10）What you said sounds great.
答案：
1）His advice proved right.
2）The shop stays open till 8 o’clock.
3）The machine went wrong.
4）All these efforts seem in vain.
5）These words sound reasonable.
6）The room soon became crowded.
7）The days are getting longer and longer.
8）He fell ill yesterday.
9）Trees turn green in spring.
10）What you said sounds great.
3.在一个英语单句中，一般情况要有谓语动词
要注意：介词短语和形容词不能单独作谓语，要和系动词一起作谓语。
【即学即练】改错：
①Our school very beautiful and we like it very much.
②Your book on the desk.
答案：
①Our school (加入is) very beautiful and we like it very much.
②Your book (加入is) on the desk.
4.关于带双宾的动词需注意：
（需借助to的）allow, bring, deny, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。
（需借助for 的） buy, choose, fetch, get, make, order, paint, play(演奏), save, sing, spare等。
一般用to多些，用for的记住常用的三个：get, buy, make。
He sent me an English-Chinese Dictionary.
= He sent an English-Chinese Dictionary to me.
She bought John a book. = She bought a book for John.
5. There be 句式易错点
可用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等词代替be动词。
此时还表示存在有，但表意要更具体一些。如：
There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain. There came a shout for “help”. There exists no air on the moon There lies a book on the desk. There stands a tree on the hill.
【即学即练】单项选择
1）______ a certain doubt among the students as to the necessity of the work. A. It existed B. There existed C. They had D. There had
2）______ a beautiful palace ______ the foot of the hill. A. There stand; at B. There stands; under C. Stands there; under D. There stands; at
答案：B, D
2).there be 与have 的区别
there be …“某地有某物，某时有某事”；have 表示“某人拥有某物”。
【即学即练】改错：
①There has a book on the desk.
②There will have a meeting this evening.
答案：①把has改为is; ②把have改为be。 提示：没有there have这种表示“有”的方法。
知识点一 “主系表”句式考查
例1．The exercise is easy and comfortable, especially it's always full of (energy).
【答案】energetic
【解析】句意：这项运动轻松舒适，特别是它总使人充满活力。分析句子结构可知，句子为“主系表”结构，设空处在句中作表语，故用形容词词形。
变式训练 1：
Their children could become ______ (addict) to video games during the July-August holiday.
知识点二 “主谓”句式考查
例2．Many more big dishes (follow) later.
【答案】will follow
【解析】句意：以后还会有更多的大菜。分析句子结构可知，句子为“主谓”结构，设空处在句中作谓语，follow为不及物动词，根据后面的later故用will follow。
变式训练 2：
改错 Great changes have been taken place here.
知识点三 “主谓宾”句式考查
例3．When the huge animal and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find (they) alive.
【答案】them
【解析】分析句子结构可知，句子为“主谓宾”结构，设空处在句中作宾语，应用人称代词的宾格，故用them。句意：当我和这个庞然大物似的动物互相惊吓时，我高兴地发现它们还活着。
变式训练 3：
This switch has decreased _____ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and …….
知识点四 “主谓双宾语”句式考查
例4．We need to have the experiment succeeded, so perhaps we should give ________ ___ an other try.
变式训练 4
Nothing will_________ me __________ my mind.
get ;change B. make; change
C. have;to change D.cause;change
知识点五 “There be” 句式考查
例5．--Is there anything wrong with your computer?
--Yes. There something wrong with it. I am going to have it tomorrow.
A. seem to be; check B. seems to be; checked
C. seem to being;checking D. seems to being; checking
【答案】B
【解析】句意：--你的电脑有毛病吗？--是的。好像有什么问题。我明天要检查一下。分析句子结构可知，句子为“There be”结构和“主谓宾宾补”结构，设空1处在句中作谓语且为there be句式的变式，设空2处在句中做宾补，故选择B。
变式训练 5
改错 There have several advantages if you consult the person you trust.
1.（2018全国卷1语法填空 69）Running is cheap, easy and it's always 69 (energy).
2. （2018天津卷单项选择7）I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________.
A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. take
（2018全国卷3语法填空）True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69 (mean) me no real harm.（He was just saying……）
4.（2018全国卷1语法填空）(You need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports ), so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.
5.（2018全国卷3语法填空） (When the gorillas and I frightened each other), I was just glad to find 68 (they) alive.
一、高考真题练
1. The review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. (2018全国卷1语法填空64)
2. I felt happily that their life had improved. (2018全国卷1短文改错)
3. I find a change there. (The first time I went there ……) (2018全国卷1短文改错)
4. Since 2011,the country （grow）more corn than rice. (2018全国卷2语法填空61)
5. (The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—)when the government _______ (start) a soil-testing program (which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011). (2018全国卷2语法填空68)
6. Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. I didn’t…..(2018全国卷2短文改错)
7. So he doesn't feel (challenge). (2018全国卷3语法填空65)
8. He allowed me (stay)and watch . (2018全国卷3语法填空70)
9. And the writing class had just begin. (2018全国卷3短文改错)
10. (The classroom is a place for learning) and that include leaning from textbooks,
and mistake as well. (两处错误) (2018全国卷3短文改错)
二、基础句式练习
1. –What is wrong,Iane?
---I can’t find my wallet.It .
A.has disappeared B.is disappeared C. disappears D. has been disappearing
2. Mr. Brown, will you please again?
A. explain it to us B. explain it us C.explain to us it D. explain us it
3.He promised to be here at four o'clock but until six.
A. wasn't appeared B. was appeared C. appeared D. didn't appear
4.—Linda practises every day.
—No wonder she has won several awards in singing competitions.
A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. to singing
5. He is now studying in the U.S. for a doctor's degree. His dream of becoming a scientist will come .
A. sure: true B. surely: true
C. sure; truly D. surely; truly
三、根据所给提示翻译下列句子
1. 我可以给你一些建议。（give sb. sth.）(2018全国卷1书面表达)
2. 去太早或太晚都不合适。（appropriate）(2018全国卷1书面表达)
3.在餐桌上你可以随意吃些东西。( help oneself) (2018全国卷1书面表达)
4.我们学校最近放映一部英语电影短片。（shoot）(2018全国卷2书面表达)
5.电影将在学校礼堂与周六下午3点放映。（no show）(2018全国卷2书面表达)
6.至于我，我对篮球有特别的兴趣。(have interest in) (2018全国卷3书面表达)
第十一讲 简单句
(解析卷)
黑龙江哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
在高考英语复习中，考生往往容易忽略基础英语知识，而考生对十六个基本句型的掌握有助于解题时理清句子中的各种关系。在历年的高考试题中，虽然简单句的基本句式没有作为直接考查对象，但是这一语法项目是其它并列句、复合句和长难句的基础，也是理解篇章的根本要素。所以学好简单句的基本句型，正确分析句子成分和判断句子结构是学好语言的必备常识。教师需要指导考生打好坚实的基础，为篇章理解、完形填空、语篇型填空、短文改错乃至书面表达奠定坚实的基础。教师在辅导学生进行简单句复习的时候，首先要注重对其语言知识进行梳理，夯实基础知识，掌握核心内容，避免偏题、难题和怪题；教师要注意把有关简单句的语法现象从横向与纵向进行融会贯通。因此，教师要逐条列出学生出容易出现错误的问题，通过典型例句的讲解和巩固训练提高学生的语言应用能力。
I. 简单句的基本句型
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型列式如下：
基本句型一：S+V （主＋谓）
基本句型二：S +V +P （主＋系＋表）
基本句型三：S +V+O （主＋谓＋宾）
基本句型四：S +V +IO +O（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
基本句型五：S +V+O+C（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
II. 分类讲解
1. 基本句型一：SV（主＋谓）
这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语。如:
It is raining now. (SV)
We’ve worked for 5 hours. (SV)
The meeting lasted half an hour. (SV)
Time flies. (SV)
【即学即练】分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。
Dark clouds hung overhead. ( )
Gradually a smile appeared on her face. ( )
He is smiling all over his face. ( )
I did well in English. ( )
He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday. ( )
答案：以上都属于S+V类型。
2. 基本句型二：SVP（主＋系＋表）
常见的系动词有:be(是)，become(变得),seem(看起来),appear(显得), get(变得)grow(变得)，turn(变成), remain(仍然是),come(变得),fall(变得),hold(保持),keep(保持),stand(保持),stay(保持),smell(闻起来),look(看起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来),feel(摸起来)等。
It is a way of thinking.
Its walls remain as good as before.
All of the food looks, smells and tastes wonderful.
3. 基本句型三：SVO（主＋谓＋宾）
此结构是由“主语+及物动词（词组）+宾语”构成。
The museum also has an excellent restaurant.
I like taking risks.
The rapid development of tourism has created many job opportunities.
【即学即练】用下划线画出下列句中的宾语。
1)People all over the world speak English.
2)Jim cannot dress himself.
3)All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.
4)He did not know what to say.
5)He just wanted to stay at home.
6)He practices speaking English every day.
答案：
1)People all over the world speak English.
2)Jim cannot dress himself.
3)All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.
4)He did not know what to say.
5)He just wanted to stay at home.
6)He practices speaking English every day.
4.基本句型四：SVIOO（主＋谓＋间宾 ＋直宾）
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give“给”，pass“递”，bring“带”，show“显示”。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。
一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。
如：One day, he offered me some crack cocaine.(SVIOO)
强调间接宾语顺序为：动词 + 直接宾语 + 介词 + 间接宾语。
如：Show this house to Mr. Smith.
若直接宾语为人称代词：动词 + 代词直接宾语 + 介词 + 间接宾语。如：
Bring it to me, please. (不能说 Bring me it, please.)
【即学即练】
分析下列句子中的间接宾语（ ）和直接宾语（ ）。
She ordered herself a new dress.
She cooked her husband a delicious meal.
He brought you a dictionary.
He denies her nothing.
I showed him my pictures.
I gave my car a wash.
I told him that the bus was late.
He showed me how to run the machine.
答案：
She ordered herself a new dress.
She cooked her husband a delicious meal.
He brought you a dictionary.
He denies her nothing.
I showed him my pictures.
I gave my car a wash.
I told him that the bus was late.
He showed me how to run the machine.
5. 基本句型五：SVOC （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
此句型的句子特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语和宾语补足语合称为复合宾语,常见带复合宾语的及物动词有：elect,feel,find, get. have, hear, imagine, keep, make, notice, see, let
,smell,start,watch,appoint,believe,call,catch, allow, ask. cause, consider, expect, know, tell, think, want, wish, listen to, look at等。
I didn't want all the three to die.
My wife calls me a “movie fan”.
【即学即练】
分析下列句子并划出充当句子的宾语补足语，指出词性或结构。
1)They appointed him manager. （ ）
2)They painted the door green. （ ）
3)He pushed the door open. （ ）
4)They found the house deserted. （ ）
5)What makes him think so? （ ）
6)We saw him out. （ ）
7)He asked me to come back soon. （ ）
8)I saw them getting on the bus. （ ）
9)We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （ ）
10)I’ll have my bike repaired. （ ）
11)We elected him monitor. （ ）
12.)Don’t keep the lights burning. （ ）
答案：
1)They appointed him manager. （ 名词 ）
2)They painted the door green. （ 形容词 ）
3)He pushed the door open. （ 形容词 ）
4)They found the house deserted. （ 过去分词 ）
5).What makes him think so? （ 不定式 ）
6).We saw him out. （ 副词 ）
7)He asked me to come back soon. （ 不定式 ）
8)I saw them getting on the bus. （ 现在分词短语 ）
9)We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名词短语 ）
10)I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词 ）
11)We elected him monitor. （ 名词 ）
12)Don’t keep the lights burning. （ 现在分词 ）
6.there be 句型
此句型是由“there + be + 主语 + 状语”构成，用以表达“存在有”。
特点：它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词（也有看作形式主语的），并无实际意义。be 与其后的主语在人称和数上一致，有时态和数的变化。
现在时?? there is / are …??? 过去时?? there was / were… 将来时?? there will be…/there is / are going to be... 完成时? there has / have been… 可能有? there might be...?? 肯定有? there must be …/ there must have been... 过去曾经有? there used to be …? 似乎有? there seem / seems / seemed to be … 碰巧有? there happen / happens / happened to be …
提示：没有there have这种表示“有”的方法。
1. 如何辨别系动词
1）She looks beautiful. (looks变为is之后，她是美丽的，句意没有大的变化，looks是系动词。) Look at the picture. (look不能换为be, look为实义动词。)
2）He felt the book with his right hand. (felt不能换为be,felt为实义动词。)
The silk feels soft. (feels变为is之后，丝绸是柔软的，句意没有大的变化，feels是系动词。)
【即学即练】
辨别下列斜体动词是系动词还是实义动词。
The door stays open at night.
He tasted the food, and the food tasted delicious.
The book still lies open on the desk.
What he said proved true.
He can’t proved his theory(理论).
答案：
系动词: 实义动词:
2. 常见的系动词分类：
状态系动词 用来表示主语状态，只有be一词。如： He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。
持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand。如： He kept silent at the meeting. 他开会时保持沉默。 This matter remains a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 The food stays fresh in the fridge.食物在冰箱里仍然很新鲜。 The house stood empty for years.房子空了数年。 He lies awake in bed.他躺在床上，醒着。
表“像”系动词 用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look。如： Something seems wrong. 好像出差错了。 He appears young. 他看起来很年轻。
感官系动词 感官系动词主要有look“看起来”，feel“摸起来”, smell“闻起来”, sound“听起来”, taste“尝起来”。 This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。
变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样。变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run。 He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。 She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。 He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。 Eggs go bad easily in summer. 蛋夏天容易变坏。 His face went red.他的脸变红了。 What he had dreamt of came true.他的梦想实现了。 Still waters run deep.静水流深。
终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达“证实”，“变成”之意。如： The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果） What he predicted turned out (to be) wrong.他预言的结果是错的。
【即学即练】用下画线画出下列句中的系动词。
1）His advice proved right.
2）The shop stays open till 8 o’clock.
3）The machine went wrong.
4）All these efforts seem in vain.
5）These words sound reasonable.
6）The room soon became crowded.
7）The days are getting longer and longer.
8）He fell ill yesterday.
9）Trees turn green in spring.
10）What you said sounds great.
答案：
1）His advice proved right.
2）The shop stays open till 8 o’clock.
3）The machine went wrong.
4）All these efforts seem in vain.
5）These words sound reasonable.
6）The room soon became crowded.
7）The days are getting longer and longer.
8）He fell ill yesterday.
9）Trees turn green in spring.
10）What you said sounds great.
3.在一个英语单句中，一般情况要有谓语动词
要注意：介词短语和形容词不能单独作谓语，要和系动词一起作谓语。
【即学即练】改错：
①Our school very beautiful and we like it very much.
②Your book on the desk.
答案：
①Our school (加入is) very beautiful and we like it very much.
②Your book (加入is) on the desk.
4.关于带双宾的动词需注意：
（需借助to的）allow, bring, deny, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。
（需借助for 的） buy, choose, fetch, get, make, order, paint, play(演奏), save, sing, spare等。
一般用to多些，用for的记住常用的三个：get, buy, make。
He sent me an English-Chinese Dictionary.
= He sent an English-Chinese Dictionary to me.
She bought John a book. = She bought a book for John.
5. There be 句式易错点
可用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等词代替be动词。
此时还表示存在有，但表意要更具体一些。如：
There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain. There came a shout for “help”. There exists no air on the moon There lies a book on the desk. There stands a tree on the hill.
【即学即练】单项选择
1）______ a certain doubt among the students as to the necessity of the work. A. It existed B. There existed C. They had D. There had
2）______ a beautiful palace ______ the foot of the hill. A. There stand; at B. There stands; under C. Stands there; under D. There stands; at
答案：B, D
2).there be 与have 的区别
there be …“某地有某物，某时有某事”；have 表示“某人拥有某物”。
【即学即练】改错：
①There has a book on the desk.
②There will have a meeting this evening.
答案：①把has改为is; ②把have改为be。 提示：没有there have这种表示“有”的方法。
知识点一 “主系表”句式考查
例1．The exercise is easy and comfortable, especially it's always full of (energy).
【答案】energetic
【解析】句意：这项运动轻松舒适，特别是它总使人充满活力。分析句子结构可知，句子为“主系表”结构，设空处在句中作表语，故用形容词词形。
变式训练 1：
Their children could become ____ (addict) to video games during the July-August holiday.
【答案】addicted
【解析】句意：他们的孩子可能会在7-8月的假期里沉迷于电子游戏。分析句子结构可知，become为系动词，此处应是填形容词形式作表语addicted。
知识点二 “主谓”句式考查
例2．Many more big dishes (follow) later.
【答案】will follow
【解析】句意：以后还会有更多的大菜。分析句子结构可知，句子为“主谓”结构，设空处在句中作谓语，follow为不及物动词，根据后面的later故用will follow。
变式训练 2：
改错 Great changes have been taken place here.
【答案】去掉been
【解析】take place 为不及物动词词组，没有被动形式。句意：这里已经发生了巨大的变化。
知识点三 “主谓宾”句式考查
例3．When the huge animal and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find (they) alive.
【答案】them
【解析】分析句子结构可知，句子为“主谓宾”结构，设空处在句中作宾语，应用人称代词的宾格，故用them。句意：当我和这个庞然大物似的动物互相惊吓时，我高兴地发现它们还活着。
变式训练 3：
This switch has decreased _____ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and …….
【答案】pollution
【解析】分析句子结构可知，此处应是“主谓宾”结构，设空处应填名词形式作宾语。句意：这一转变减少了该国主要湖泊和水库的污染……。
知识点四 “主谓双宾语”句式考查
例4．We need to have the experiment succeeded, so perhaps we should give ________ ___ an other try.
【答案】it
【解析】句意：我们需要让实验成功，所以也许我们应该再试一次。分析句子结构可知，句子为“主谓双宾语”结构，设空处在句中作间接宾语，故用人称代词的宾格形式。
变式训练 4
Nothing will_________ me __________ my mind.
get ;change B. make; change
C. have;to change D.cause;change
【答案】B
【解析】句意：没有什么能让我改变注意。分析句子结构可知，句子为“主谓宾宾补”结构，设空1处在句中作谓语，设空2处在句中做宾补，根据动词have的用法，此处为have/make sb.do 或者get/cause sb.to do 的结构，故用B正确。
知识点五 “There be” 句式考查
例5．--Is there anything wrong with your computer?
--Yes. There something wrong with it. I am going to have it tomorrow.
A. seem to be; check B. seems to be; checked
C. seem to being;checking D. seems to being; checking
【答案】B
【解析】句意：--你的电脑有毛病吗？--是的。好像有什么问题。我明天要检查一下。分析句子结构可知，句子为“There be”结构和“主谓宾宾补”结构，设空1处在句中作谓语且为there be句式的变式，设空2处在句中做宾补，故选择B。
变式训练 5
There have several advantages if you consult the person you trust.
【答案】have改为are
【解析】句意：咨询你信任的人有几个好处。从句意分析这是个表示存在有的句子，只能用there be句型表示存在有；there have是错用。故have改为are。
1.（2018全国卷1语法填空 69）Running is cheap, easy and it's always 69 (energy).
【答案】energetic
【解析】句意：跑步既便宜又容易，而且总是充满活力。分析句子结构可知，句子为“主系表”结构，设空处在句中作表语，故用形容词词形。
2. （2018天津卷单项选择7）I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________.
A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. take
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我需要新护照，所以我得照张相。分析句子结构可知，句子为“主谓宾宾补”结构，设空处在句中作宾语补足语，根据动词have的用法，此处为have sth. done 的结构，故用过去分词做宾补。
（2018全国卷3语法填空）True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69 (mean) me no real harm.（He was just saying……）
【答案】meant
【解析】句意：大猩猩不是攻击的本性，这种巨大的动物对我来说并不意味着什么真正的伤害。分析句子结构可知，此处应是为“主谓双宾语”结构，设空处在句中作谓语，根据后一句时态，故填过去式meant。
4.（2018全国卷1语法填空）(You need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports ), so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.
【答案】it
【解析】句意：（你只需要跑一半的时间就能得到和其他运动一样的好处），所以也许我们都应该试试。分析句子结构可知，句子为“主谓双宾语”结构，设空处在句中作间接宾语，故用人称代词的宾格形式。
5.（2018全国卷3语法填空） (When the gorillas and I frightened each other), I was just glad to find 68 (they) alive.
【答案】them
【解析】句意：（当大猩猩和我互相惊吓时），我很高兴发现它们还活着。
分析句子结构可知，句子为“主谓宾”结构，设空处在句中作宾语，应用人称代词的宾格，故用them。
一、高考真题练
1. The review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. (2018全国卷1语法填空64)
【答案】is
【解析】句意：医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。
2. I felt happily that their life had improved. (2018全国卷1短文改错)
【答案】happily—happy
【解析】考查形容词作表语。句意：他们的生活有了很大提高，我感到很高兴。此处形容词作表语，故将happily改成happy。
3. I find a change there. (The first time I went there ……) (2018全国卷1短文改错)
【答案】find---found
【解析】句意：根据文章中的During my last winter holiday可知，事件发生在过去，故用一个过去时。故将find改成found。
4. Since 2011,the country （grow）more corn than rice. (2018全国卷2语法填空61)
【答案】has grown
【解析】has grown since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时。句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。
5. (The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—)when the government _______ (start) a soil-testing program (which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011). (2018全国卷2语法填空68)
【答案】started
【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，故用过去时。故填started。
6. Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. I didn’t…..(2018全国卷2短文改错)
【答案】unwilling前加 was
【解析】 本文介绍的是过去的情况，故用过去时，主系表结构，所以在unwilling前加was。
7. So he doesn't feel (challenge). (2018全国卷3语法填空65)
【答案】challenged
【解析】 根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged。
8. He allowed me (stay)and watch . (2018全国卷3语法填空70)
【答案】to stay
【解析】 固定短语allow sb to do允许某人做某事，不定式做宾补，应该用to stay。
9. And the writing class had just begin. (2018全国卷3短文改错)
【答案】begin---begun
【解析】考查谓语，过去完成时的构成是had done，所以begin要改为begun。
10. (The classroom is a place for learning) and that include leaning from textbooks,
and mistake as well. (两处错误) (2018全国卷3短文改错)
【答案】include---includes；mistake---mistakes
【解析】that作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数includes。第二处错误考查宾语和名词单复数。错误不是一个，所以要用复数。
二、基础句式练习
1. –What is wrong,Iane?
---I can’t find my wallet.It .
A.has disappeared B.is disappeared C. disappears D. has been disappearing
2. Mr. Brown, will you please again?
A. explain it to us B. explain it us C.explain to us it D. explain us it
3.He promised to be here at four o'clock but until six.
A. wasn't appeared B. was appeared C. appeared D. didn't appear
4.—Linda practises every day.
—No wonder she has won several awards in singing competitions.
A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. to singing
5. He is now studying in the U.S. for a doctor's degree. His dream of becoming a scientist will come .
A. sure: true B. surely: true
C. sure; truly D. surely; truly
【答案】 A A D C B
三、根据所给提示翻译下列句子
1. 我可以给你一些建议。（give sb. sth.）(2018全国卷1书面表达)
2. 去太早或太晚都不合适。（appropriate）(2018全国卷1书面表达)
3.在餐桌上你可以随意吃些东西。( help oneself) (2018全国卷1书面表达)
4.我们学校最近放映一部英语电影短片。（shoot）(2018全国卷2书面表达)
5.电影将在学校礼堂与周六下午3点放映。（no show）(2018全国卷2书面表达)
6.至于我，我对篮球有特别的兴趣。(have interest in) (2018全国卷3书面表达)
【参考答案】
1. I can give you some tips.
2. It’s not appropriate to go too early or too late.
3. At table, you can help yourself freely.
4.Our school has recently shot an English short film.
5. The film will be on show in our school auditorium at 3:00 p.m. this Saturday afternoon.
6. As for me, I have a special interest in basketball.
