中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题六 动词的时态和语态
考点一 一般现在时
1.一般现在时的用法，构成和时间状语
及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。
用法 表示经常性、习惯性或反复做的动作。 表示现存的状态或特征。 表述客观真理、科学事实或格言警句。
基本结构 主语+be 动词（am, is , are）+表语主语+行为动词原形+其他（当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用它的第三人称单数形式）
时间状语 every day , every year , on weekends , sometimes , usually, often , always
I can’t read the letter ! The boss’s handwriting is terrible ! 我看不懂这封信！老板的书写太糟糕了。
She’s a lovely girl and I like her very much . 她是一个可爱的女孩，我很喜欢她。
2.注意点
在时间、条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时， 从句通常要用一般现在时代替将来时。如“
We will go on a picnic if it doesn’t rain tomorrow .
如果明天不下雨，我们会去野餐。
例1 （2019北京海淀期中28题1分） Paul is on the school swim tean and he _____ swimming every day .
A. goes B. will go C. is going D. has gone
解析 本题考查动词时态。根据every day 可知， 时态是一般现在时，故答案为A
答案 A
即时训练
1. （2019山东济南天桥一模38题1分） -Mom is coming back . Let’s clean the living room .
-OK. She will be angry if she ____ this mess !
A. saw B. sees C. will see D. has seen .
考点二 一般过去时
1.一般过去时
用法 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态 。
基本结构 主语+was /were +表语主语+行为动词的过去式+其他
时间状语 yesterday , the day before yesterday , in 2008, last week , just now
My parents were at home just now . 刚才我父母在家。
Last Wednesday , I went for a walk in the woods.上星期三， 我去树林里散步。
2 注意点
（1） 规则动词的过去式通常以-ed结尾，如opened , lived , stopped , planned 等。 不规则动词过去式有如下几种 ：
规律 例词
过去式和动词原形一致 cut –cut read –read cost –cost hurt –hurt
改变中间的元音字母 come-came run –ran swim-swam become-became win-won hold-held
其他变化 sell –sold take-took say –said speak –spoke pay –paid tell –told buy –bought build –built
(2) There be 的一般过去时的结构是There was /were +主语+其他。如：
There was a small pond in the village five years ago . 五年前，这个村子有一个小池塘。
例2 （2018北京朝阳期末10题1分）My classmates _____ as volunteers in the Science Museum last weekend .
A. work B. worked C. will work D. are working
解析 根据last weekend 可知时态是一般过去时，故答案为B。
即时训练
2.（2018吉林省实验中学一模47题1分） -Have you seen the movie Forever Young ?
-Yes. I ______ the movies with my friend last night .
A. watch B. watched C. watches D. have watched
考点三 一般将来时
1. 一般将来时的用法、构成和时间状语
用法 表示将来某个时间即将发生的动作或存在的状态。 表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。 表示某人的一种打算或计划。
基本结构 主语+will+动词原形+其他主语+am/is/are going to +动词原形+其他
时间状语 tomorrow , the day after tomorrow , next week , soon , in the future , in five days .
I will stay at home and look after my sick sister . 我会待在家里照顾我生病的妹妹。
Debbie is going to swim across the English Channel tomorrow . 黛比准备明天游过英吉利海峡。
2. 注意点
（1） There be 的一般将来时的结构是There will be 或There is/are going to be .如：
There will be heavy rain tomorrow . 明天将会有大雨。
There is going to be a basketball match this afternoon . 今天下午将会有一场篮球赛。
（2） 若描述经过计划或安排而打算要做的事情，通常用be going to , 而不是will, 如：
My brother is going to learn English next year . 我哥哥准备明年学英语。
例3 （2019广东深圳南山期末23题1分） -Do you know whether Linda ____ to my birthday party next week ?
-Sorry . I don’t know . You can ask her directly .
A. comes B. will come C. came D. has come
解析 问句的含义是：你知道琳达下周是否来参加我的生日聚会吗？根据next week 可知， 宾语从句的时态是一般将来时， 故答案为B
答案 B
即时训练
3.(2019山东济南浏阳每二实验中不定模36题1分) –I’ m really busy today . I have too much homework to do and _____ a meeting at five .
-I wish I could help you .
A. it will have B. it is going to be C. there will have D. there will be
考点四 现在进行时
1. 现在进行时的用法，构成和时间状语
用法 表示现在或此刻正在发生的动作或存在的状态
基本结构 主语+am/is/are+现在分词+其他
时间状语 now, at the moment , these days 或当look, listen等位于句首时。
They are waiting for me at the bus stop at the moment . 他们现在正在公共汽车站等我。
Look!They are playing basketball over there. 看！他们正在那边打篮球。
2. 注意点
（1） 现在分词通常在动词词尾加-ing . 如： swimming , looking , reading , playing 等 。
（2） 对于表示位置移动的动词来说， 通常用现在进行时来表示将来， 如：
I’m leaving for Shanghai tomorrow . 明天我打算去上海。
例4 （2018山东济南长清三月检测46题1分） -May I speak to Mrs. Black ?
-Sorry, Mum can’t come to the phone now . She _____ a shower.
A. has B. had C. is having D. was having
解析 根据本题语境可知，妈妈现在不能接电话，她正在洗沐浴，由此可知要用现在进行时，故答案为C。
答案 C
即时训练
3. （2018北京东城期末9题1分） -Look! It _____ heavily outside .
- Too bad . I’ve fogotten to take my umbrella .
A. rains B. is rainign C. was rainging D. will rain
考点五 过去进行时
1. 过去进行时的用法， 构成和时间状语
用法 表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行或发生的动作。
基本结构 主语+was /were +现在分词+其他
时间状语 at this time , yesterday , at that moment 或句中有when , while 引导的时间状语从句时。
We were watching TV at his time yesterday . 昨天这个时候我们正在看电视。
2. 注意点
when引导的时间状语从句可以用一般过去时，也可用过去进行时，while引导的时间状语从句通常用过去进行时， 如：
My mother was cooking in the kitchen when I arrived home. 当我到家的时候，我妈妈正在厨房做饭。
I was reading a novel when my sister was doing her homework. 我妹妹正在做家庭作业的时候，我正在读小说。
Someone knocked at the door while I was cooking 我正做饭的时候，有人敲门。
例5 （2018河北石家庄桥西一模33题1分） My father ______ some reading when the telephone rang .
A. does B. did C. is doing D. was doing
解析 句意：当电话响的时候，我爸爸正在看书。 根据本题语境可知，要用过去进行时，故答案为D。
答案 D
即时训练
5 （2019四川南充二诊27题1分） -Why did so many people get hurt in the earthquake ?
-Don’t you know ? People _____ when it happened that night .
A. slept B. have slept C. sleep D. were sleeping
考点六 现在完成时
1. 现在完成时的用法， 构成和时间状语
用法 表示过去发生的动作对现在所造成的影响或产生的结果 。
基本结构 主语+have/has+过去分词+其他
时间状语 already, yet, ever, just , before , so far等for和表示时间段的短语搭配since和表示过去某一时刻的词、短语连用。
We have already cleaned the classroom . 我们已经打扫过教室了。
She has worked in the factory since two years ago. 她从两年前在这家工厂工作了。
例6 （2018河北中考33题1分） I _____ an invitation to the concert . I can’t wait to go .
A. receive B. will receive C. was receiving D. have received
解析 本题考查动词时态 句意： 我已经收到了一个去音乐会的邀请，我都等不及去了。 根据本题语境可推断，要用现在完成时， 故答案为D。
答案 D。
即时训练
6. （2018北京朝阳期末9题1分）We_____ in the same school since three years ago .
A. are studying B. have studied C. will study D. study
2. 注意点
(1) 通常情况下， 过去分词和过去式写法一致。但也有不一致的情况，如come的过去式是came ， 过去分词是come, drink 的过去式是drank , 过去分词是drunk .
(2)现在完成时表示动作从过去个时候开始一直持续到现在， 与一段时间连用时应注意肯定句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词，非延续性动词不能和一段时间连用。 如：
我离开这所学校已八年了。
误：I’ve left this school for eight years .
正：I’ve been away from this school for eight years. 他借用我的词典已两天了。
他借用我的词典已两天了。
误：He has borrowed my dictionary for two days .
正: He has kept my dictionary for two days .
(3)当非延续性动词需要和时间段搭配时，可将非延续性动词（短语）转化为延续性动词（短语）或“be+形容词/副词 ”的结构。如：
buy – have borrow – keep
open – be open close – be closed
start /begin – be on come – be here
finish – be over die – be dead
leave – be away join – be in/be a member of
They have been away for three months . 他们已经离开三个月了。
I have had the camaera for one year . 这个照相机我买了一年了。
例7 （2019山东济南济阳期末18题1分） The famous writer _____ from his hometown for 10 years .
A. has left B. has forgotten C. has been away D. has lost
解析 句意：那位知名的作家离开他的家乡十年了。 根据for 10 years 可知，要用延续性的be away , 故has been away 符合题意。
即时训练
7. （2019山东青岛市北一模9题1分） -How long has he _____ the village school ?
-Since he graduated from the university .
A. gone to B.been to C. taught in D. arrived in
考点七 被动语态
1. 被动语态的结构
被动语态的结构是“be+动词的过去分词。” 人称、数和时态的变化都是通过be的变化表现出来的。 在中考中常考的几种被动语态的结构有：
一般现在时 am/is/are +动词的过去分词
一般过去时 was/were+动词的过去分词
一般将来时 will be +动词的过去分词be going to be +动词过去分词
现在进行时 am /is/are +being +动词的过去分词
现在完成时 have/has +been+动词的过去分词
含情态动词的结构 can/may/must/ should ….be+动词的过去分词
The classroom is cleaned by us every day . 我们每天都打扫教室。
The letter was posted last week . 这封信上个星期就被寄出去了。
The flowers are being watered by my mother . 我妈妈正在浇花。
Their wedding will be held next month . 他们的婚礼将于下个月举行 。
That movie is going to be directed by a young director . 那部电影将会由一位年轻的导演执导。
Five novels have been written by the writer so far. 到目前为止， 那位作家已经写了五部小说了。
Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes . 应该允许青少年选择他们自己的衣服 。
2. 注意点
（1） 如果句中含有双宾语，变被语态时可以将其中的任何一个宾语变为主语，另一个不变。通常将间接宾语变为主语。 但如果要把直接宾语变为主语， 要在间接宾语前加介词to或for , 如：
My father bought me a gift yesterday . 昨天我爸爸给我买了一份礼物。
?I was bought a gift by my father yesterday .
= A gift was bought for me by my father yesterday .
(2) 在主动语态中， make , see, hear, watch, notice 等动词后面的动词不定式要省略to, 但变为被动语态时，不能省略to. 如：
I saw him play in the playground . 我看见他在操场上玩。
? He was seen to play in the playground .
例8 （2018重庆一中期中30题1分） My hometown is modern , and a big amusement park _____ next year .
A. is building B. will build C. is built D. will be built
解析 句意：我的家乡很现代化，明年将会建造一个大的游乐场，根据主语a big amusement park以及next year 可知， 本题要用一般将来时的被动语态， 故答案D。
答案 D
即时训练
8. （2018湖北孝感孝南一模33题1分） A car driver will lose his driving licence when he _____ drunk driving (酒后驾车)
A. find B. finds C. is found D. will be found
即时训练
1 B 1. B. 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. C
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专题六 动词时态和语态模拟全练
I 单项选择
1． -Hurry up , Tom ! Everyone ______ for you .
-All right . I’ll be ready in a few minutes .
A. waits B. will wait C. waited D. is waiting
2. –Did your mother go to Shanghai ?
-Yes, she _______ there 3 days ago .
A. arrives B. arrived C. is arriving
3. The kids _____ in the garden when it suddenly began to rain .
A. play B. played C. are playing D. were playing
4. There _____ a basketball game between these two grades this afternoon .
A. will B. is going to have C. is going to be D. will have
5. Tom _____ much progress in writing since he joined the writing club .
A. made B. makes C. has made D. was making
6. –Jack , what do you think of my new dress ?
-Sorry , pardon ? I _____ about something else .
A. am thinking B. was thinking C. thought
7. –When did you buy the car ?
-I _____ it for three days .
A. bought B. have bought C. had D. have had
8. Teenagers should ______ to smoke . It’s too bad for their health .
A. not allow B. allow C. not be allowed D. be allowed
9. –Where did you go last night ?
-I ______to go to Li Lei’s birthday party .
A. asked B. am asked C. have been asked D. was asked
10. –It’s said that the Jinan Metro will ______ in 2019.
-Wonderful . It will make it much easier for people to travel around the city .
A. complete B. be completed C. is completed D. was completed
11. Jack has changed a lot since he ______ a chance to receive a good education in Italy .
A. has given B. is given C. was given
12. –Mom , where is the apple pie ? It was on the plate a moment ago .
-Oh, Tom, it _______ by your little brother just now . Would you like something else ?
A. was eaten B. will be eaten C. can be eaten D. is eaten
13. The village is building a school ! I hope it _____ before July this year .
A. finishes B. will finish C. has finished D. will be finished
14. He will give us a report as soon as he ______ .
A. arrives B arrived C. is arriving D. will arrive
15. We’ll go to the farm and help the farmers with the apple picking if it ______ tomorrow .
A. won’t rain B. will be rainy C. doesn’t rain D. is raining
16. Tom lives near school , so he usually _____ to school .
A. walk B. walked C. walks D. is walking
17. I ______ English hard since I came to another school three years ago .
A. have studied B. studied C. study D. are studying
18. There _____ a talent show in our school tomorrow afternoon .
A. is going to have B. is going to be C. are going to be D. will have
19. –I called you yesterday evening , but there was no answer .
-Oh, I am sorry . I ____ dinner in my friend’s home .
A. have B. had C was having D. have had
20. I want to know if they ______ the sports meeting next month . If they ______ it . I must get ready for it .
A. hold ; will hold B. will hold ; hold
C. hold ; hold D. will hold ; will hold
21. Nowadays , high-speed trains , Alipay , shared bicycles and online shopping ______ “four great new inventions” in China .
A. was called B. are called C. are calling D. have called
22. Let’s wait and see whether books _______ by the Internet in the future .
A. replace B. replaced C. will be replaced D. were replaced
23. The English contest ______ last week . Li Ping won the first place .
A. is held B. is being held C. was held D. well be held
24. The environment in our town is getting worse and worse , so plenty of trees ____ .
A. are planting B. should be planted C. should plant D. will plant
II. 根据汉语提示写出所缺的单词
1. 汤姆到处找自行车钥匙，但找不到。 Tom ________ ______ the key to the bike everywhere but he couldn’t find it .
2. 我们将于12月31日在学校礼堂举行会议。 A meeting ______ ________ _______ in our school ball on December , 31st .
3. 自从加入了志愿者社团， 我认识到自己可以变得更好。 I _______ _____ that I could do better ever since I joined the volunteering club .
4. 会议已经开始了一个小时了。 The meeting has _______ _______ for an hour .
5. 上周末我和妈妈去购物了。 I _______ ______ with my mother last weekend .
参考答案
I 1-5 DBDCC 6-10 BDCDB 11-15 CADAC 16-20 CABCB 21-24 BCCB
II. 1.looked for 2. will be held 3. have realized 4. been on 5. went shopping .
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专题五 动词语态和时态中考全练
考点一 一般现在时
1. （2019北京中考7题1分） Sam ____ with his friends ever weekend .
A. skates B. is skating C. has skeated D. was skating
2. (2019湖北武汉中考29题1分) She’s brought you some eggs . As you know , she ______ chickens .
A. keeps B. will keep C. has kept D. kept
3. (2019四川南充中考25题1分) –Daddy, when will we go out to fly a kite ?
-As soon as the rain _____ .
A. is stopping B. stopped C. will stop D. stops
4. (2018安徽中考35题1分) Before the sun ____ , we need to get to the top of the mountain .
A．set B. sets C. is setting D. will set
5. (2018四川南充中考24题1分) –When is the school art festival ?
-It will be held on time if it _____ next Monday .
A. don’t rain B. won’t rain C. doesn’t rain D. didn’t rain
考点二 一般过去时
1. (2019湖北武汉中考31题1分) He _____ his English teacher when he was sightseeing in Paris.
A. has met B. had met C. met D. would meet
2. (2019湖南邵阳中考26题1分) –Jack , you look more handsome in your new shirt today .
-Oh, ready? I ______ it in a cheap store with my mom .
A. buy B. will buy C. bought
3. (2019河北中考33题1分) He _____ me his name , but I can’t remember it now .
A. tells B. will tell C. told D. is telling
4. (2019湖南长沙中考26题1分) I ____ abroad for several years , but I have never regretted my final decision to move back to my motherland .
A. am living B. lived C. have lived
5. (2018北京中考9题1分) David is a tennis player . He ______ to play tennis when he was six years old .
A. begins B. will begin C. began D. has begun
6 (2018河北中考31题1分)-The bread is really delicious .
-Thank you . I ______ it myself .
A. maek B. made C. will make D. am making
考点三 一般将来时
1. （2019重庆中考A 卷26题1分）Next week, each student in class _____ a small gift from their teachers .
A. receives B. received C. will receive D. has received
2. (2019湖南益阳中考23题1分)Susan and her sister _____ some photos in the park the day after tomorrow .
A. take B. took C . will take
3. (江西中考33题1分) –I’ ve never seen Mr. Taylor before .
- Don’t worry . I _____ him to you before meeting .
A. will introduce B. introduced
C have introduced D. had introduced
4. (2019北京中考10题1分) If you want to visit the Palace Museum , I _____ tickets for you tomorrow .
A. will book B. booked C. have booked D. was booking
5. (2018四川泸州中考3题 1分) Robots ______ more heavy work for us in the future .
A. will do B. did C. have done D. were doing
6. (2017四川宜宾中考24题1分)There _____ a basketball match on our school this afternoon .
A. will have B. will be C. is going to have
考点四 现在进行时
1. （2019北京中考8题1分） -Tom , what’s your dad doing ?
-He _____ my bike .
A. repairs B. will reair C. has repaired D. is repairing
2. ( 2019湖南怀化中考27题1分) –May I speak to Mrs. Smith ?
-Sorry , she _____ the clothes .
A. is washing B. washes C. wash
3. (2019吉林中考30题1分) It’s 9:00 in the morning now . The students from Grade Nine _____ an important exam .
A. have B. had C. are having
4. (2018湖南邵阳中考23题1分) –Where is Jim ?
-Look ! He _____ under the tree .
A. is standign B. stood C. stands
5. (2018四川宜宾中考21题1分) – I can’t find Jimmy . Where is he ?
-He _____ in the garden at the moment .
A. works B. will work C. is working
考点五 过去进行时
1. （2019河北中考34题1分） Sorry , I didn’t see you , because I _____ a picture .
A. draw B. drew C. was drawing D. have drawn
2. (2019四川内江中考27题1分) Tom said he _____ basketball with his classmates from 4:00 to 6:00 yesterday afternoon .
A. is played B. was playing C plays D. had played
3. (2019河南中考26题1分) –Jim , could you please answer the question?
-Sorry , I ______ . Could you say it again ?
A. wasn’t listening B. don’t listen
C. am not listening D. won’t listen
4. (2018云南中考30题1分) Jack _____ a shower when his mother rang him up .
A. takes B. has taken C is taking D. was taking
5. (2018北京中考8题1分——) –Paul , what were you doing at nine last night ?
-I ______ a movie in the cinema with my friends .
A. was watching B. watch C. have watched D. will watch
考点六 现在完成时
1. （2019北京中考9题1分）Our school life _____ a lot since 2017. We have more activities now .
A. changes B. changed C. will change D. has changed
2. (2019安徽中考34题1分) –It’s ten years since we came here .
-How time flies ! We ______ in China for so long .
A. work B. worked C. will work D. have worked
3. (2019湖北武汉中考30题1分) I ate some fruit , which I _____ since I was a child , and the vegetables from my garden .
A. have enjoyed B. enjoyed C. enjoy D. had enjoyed
4.(2019湖南郴州中考28题1分) –Where is Mr. Green ?
-He _____ the bookshop . You have to wait for him .
A. was going to B. has gone to C. has been to
5. (2019山东荷泽中考24题1分)-This is a really old bike .
-Yes, I ______ it for seven years .
A. have had B. have bought C. bought
6. (2018北京中考10题1分) –Lucy , is your uncle a teacher ?
-Yes, he is . He _____ history for nearly 20 years.
A. teaches B. has taught C. is teaching D. will teach
7. (2018广东中考38题1分) It is said that the number of forest parks in Guangdong ____ to more than 1,000 so far .
A. increase B. increased C. has increased D. will increase
8. (2018湖北黄冈中考32题1分) –Your new watch is so nice ! When did you buy it ?
-In April . I _______ it for two months .
A. have had B. had C. have bought D. bought
考点七 被动语态
1.（2019山东临沂中考24题1分）Around the world , 300 millon tons of plastic ______ each year , of which about 10 percent eands up in the sea .
A. is created B. was created C. creates
2. (2019湖南长沙中考27题1分) –Perfect photos !Good skills !
-Thank you . They _____ by my Huawei mobile phone . In fact , I am not skillful at all .
A. took B. were taken C. will be taken
3. (2019四川自贡中考28题1分) –Tom is always careless with his schoolwork . Could you help me ?
-No problem ! I think he _____ to think twice before starting .
A. should be told B. shouldn’t be told C. should tell
4. (2019安徽中考42题1分) The villagers expect that the building of the bridge _____ before the rainy season comes .
A. is completed B. was completed C. will be completed D. has been completed
5. (2018湖南益阳中考29题1分) If you are over 18 years old , you ____ to drive a car in our country .
A. can allow B. can’t allow C. can be allowed
6. (2018安徽中考44题1分) The weatherman says a rain shower _____ this afternoon in the south .
A. expects B. expected C. is expected D. was expected
7. (2018辽宁沈阳中考2题1分) There will be fewer workers in factories because most work ______ by robots in the future.
A. is done B. was done C. will be done D. will do
参考答案
考点一
1-5 AADBC
考点二
1-6 CCCBCB
考点三
1-6 CCAAAB
考点四
1-5 DACAC
考点五
1-5 CBADA
考点六
1-8 DDABABCA
考点七
1-7ABACCCC
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