Unit 1 Knowing me Knowing you
The greatest trust between man and man is the trust of giving counsel.
—Bacon
人与人之间的最大信任是敢于进言的信任。
——培根
It is equally an err to trust all men or no man.
—Seneca
信任一切的人和谁也不信任，两者都错。
——塞涅卡
To be trusted is a greater compliment than to be loved.
—George MacDonald
受人信任比受人爱戴更可赞美。
——乔治·麦克唐纳
A friend is a person with whom I may be sincere.Before him I may think aloud.
—Seneca
所谓朋友就是我应当坦诚相待的人。在他的面前我将畅所欲言。
——塞涅卡
Two good friends went on a trip in a desert.A man who was hurt by his friend has written it down in the sand.Then they went on，and the man saved the life of a friend，who then wrote it down on a stone.Curious，he asked his friend，why is an event written in sand and an event written on stone? His friend said，“My friend did me wrong，and I wrote it down in the sand，letting him in my heart gone with the wind；My friend saved my life，and I wrote it down on a stone as if it were with my heart forever.” This story tells us we should not always remember the people who do us wrong，but for those who help us，we should always keep them in mind.
We've all been taught that we should help people.It is the right thing to do and will make us popular among others.It may even win us favors in return.However，we must be realistic.We can't say yes to every request.If we did，we would fail or go crazy for sure.Sometimes we simply don't have the time to help.In this case，we must know how to say no politely.
When we need to say no，here is one method we can try.First，we should tell the truth.If we really can't do something，we should just say so.Second，we should remember to refuse requests politely.We must communicate clearly，but must also be sincere and sympathetic.A true friend will understand.Finally，we must not feel guilty about saying no.Sometimes refusing others is the right thing to do.It can save ourselves and them a lot of trouble.In short，we cannot please everyone all the time.Refusing favors is a part of life.
[探索发现]
1．What will you do if asked to do something you can't?
2．Have you ever met a man being dishonest with you?
[答案] 1.Say no. 2.略
Section Ⅰ Preparation for the unit
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a．给下列单词选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.steam A．v.适应，(使)习惯
( )2.resolve B．v.证明(别人认为不合理的事)有
道理；为……辩护
( )3.adjust C．v.解决(问题、困难)
( )4.core D．v.使(船)沉没
( )5.forgive E．adj.核心的(课程、团体等)
( )6.sink F．n.责任，过错
( )7.fault G．v.原谅，宽恕
( )8.complexity H．v.批评，指责
( )9.criticise I．n.蒸汽，水蒸气
( )10.justify J．n.复杂性，错综复杂
[答案] 1－5 ICAEG 6－10 DFJHB
b．给下列短语选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.in a mess A．吸一口气
( )2.help out B．乱七八糟
( )3.fit in with C．和，也
( )4.let down D．适合，使……一致
( )5.move on E．帮一把
( )6.take a breath F．继续进行；离开
( )7.work out G．解决
( )8.apologise to H．向某人道歉
( )9.be sure to I．一定会，一定要
( )10.as well as J．使失望
[答案] 1－5 BEDJF 6－10 AGHIC
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．breath n． 呼出的气
2．loose adj. 控制不严的
3．concern n. 忧虑，担心
4．annoyed adj. 恼怒的，烦恼的
5．signal n. 信号；暗号
6．accident n. 意外事件，偶然因素
7．ensure v. 确保，保证
8．boxing n. 拳击(运动)
9．frank adj. 坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的
10．tear n. 眼泪，泪水
Ⅰ.语境填空
frank；tears；independent；fence；apart；annoyed；adjust；duty；ensure；forgive
1．He felt annoyed when he found several pages of his new book missing.
2．The freshmen tried their best to adjust to the new teaching approach.
3．It is our duty to keep our beautiful campus clean and tidy.
4．The hospital tries to ensure that people are seen quickly.
5．He didn't look the sort of man to forgive and forget.
6．To be frank，I don't agree with what you said at the meeting.
7．She couldn't hold her tears back at the thought of her lost dog.
8．As a teenager，he stays independent in dealing with his own study.
9．The dog jumped over the fence and ran away with the meat.
10．It is hard to tell the twins apart in appearance and clothes.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．She is the CEO of the company，but at home a dutiful (duty) wife.
2．Please ensure (sure) that all the lights are switched off at night.
3．Much to her embarrassment (embarrass)，she realized that everybody had been listening to her singing.
4．The ability to make the proper adjustment(adjust)made him successful.
5．He begged for forgiveness (forgive) for what he had done.
6．As an actor，he was fed up with the criticism(criticise)on his performance.
7．Frankly(frank)speaking，I can't tell you what the differences are.
8．For complete independence(independent)，the young man rented an apartment.
9．Our meeting was not accidental(accident)—he must have known I would be there.
10．He suddenly became very tearful (tear)．
1．We played well，but I felt the team were let down by one member，our point guard.
我们打得很好，但我觉得控球后卫让我们全队失望了。
2．I was just letting off steam really，because I was so angry，but then my friend went and told everyone else what I'd said.
我只是想发泄一下，因为我太生气了，但是我的朋友把我说的话告诉了其他人。
3．Approached in this way，your friendship will soon be repaired.
以这种方式处理，你们的友谊很快就会修复。
4．If you feel one of your teammates isn't pulling their weight，then raise your concerns in a professional way with your team coach.
如果你觉得你的队友没有尽力，那就以专业的方式向你的团队教练提出你的担心。
5．Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge that most of the lies we tell are “white lies”．..
或许我们会安慰我们自己，认为大多数我们撒的谎都是善意的谎言……
课文助读
①in a mess 一团糟
②hope位于句首位置，该句是祈使句
③help sb.out 帮某人一把
④be crazy about 为……疯狂，对……着迷
⑤be good at 擅长某事
⑥which引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明前面句子；该从句中why引导表语从句，when引导时间状语从句。
⑦let down 让失望
⑧like是连词表示“像……”
⑨on the court 在球场上
⑩disappointed by his behaviour 过去分词短语作状语表示原因
?let off steam 发泄怒火，宣泄情绪 steam n．蒸汽，水蒸气
?because 引导原因状语从句
?what引导宾语从句，并且what在从句中作said的宾语。
?be angry with对某人生气；对某人发火
?concentrate on集中注意力于……
课文呈现
Dear Agony Aunt，
1．I'm ①in a total mess here －② hope you can ③help me out!
2．I'm 17，and a member of our school basketball team.④I'm crazy about basketball，and pretty ⑤good at it too，⑥which is probably why I was so mad when we lost our last match.We played well，but I felt the team were ⑦let down by one member，our point guard.The point guard is a key player，but it was ⑧like he wasn't even ⑨on the court！⑩Disappointed by his behaviour，I said all this to my best friend.I was just?letting off steam really，?because I was so angry，but then my friend went and told everyone else ? what I'd said.
3．This is so totally awkward.? I'm really angry with my friend—what should I say to him？And should I say anything at all to my teammate?
4．Embarrassed and ashamed，I can't?concentrate on anything.Please help!
Ben
译文参考
亲爱的知心大姐，
1．我现在真是一团糟——希望你能帮我一把！
2．我今年17岁，是我们学校篮球队的一员。我对篮球很着迷，也很擅长篮球，这可能就是我们输掉上一场比赛时我很生气的原因。我们打得很好，但我觉得控球后卫让我们全队失望了。控球后卫是个关键球员，但他好像根本不在场上！我对他的行为感到失望，就把这一切告诉了我最好的朋友。我只是想发泄一下，因为我太生气了，但是我的朋友把我说的话告诉了其他人。
3．这真是太尴尬了。我真生我朋友的气，我该怎么对他说呢？我应该对我的队友说些什么吗？
4．既尴尬又羞愧，我无法集中注意力。请帮助！
本
①saying n．谚语
②loose lips sink ships 祸从口出
loose adj.控制不严的；松散的
lip n．(嘴)唇
sink (sank；sunk)v.使(船)沉没
③that引导宾语从句。从句也是主从复合句，其中if引导的是条件状语从句，it'll cause all kinds of trouble 是主句。
④who引导定语从句，修饰前面的people
⑤so much修饰bad比较级worse，表示加强语气
⑥because引导原因状语从句
⑦treated this way是过去分词短语作状语，表示原因
⑧be sure to feel hurt 一定会感到很受伤
be sure to 一定会
feel hurt 是系表结构
hurt adj.受伤的；受伤害的
⑨be able to能够，后面接动词原形
⑩closest to us是形容词短语作后置定语
?that 引导宾语从句
?fault n．责任；过错
?isn't it 反意疑问句。前面的句子用肯定，后面用否定，表示反问。
?admit v．承认admit doing sth.承认做过某事
?understandable adj.可以理解的 后缀?able表示“值得或者具备某方面的能力”
dependable值得依赖的
respectable值得尊敬的，体面的
?but表示转折，连接两个并列句
?Here's what you need to do.，here is 是倒装句；what引导的从句是句子的主语
?apologise to sb.向某人道歉
?if引导条件状语从句
?work together 一起工作，一起共事
resolve v．解决(问题或困难)
have a chat with sb.和某人聊天
tell him 是祈使句
directly adv.直接地
honestly adv.诚实地，诚恳地
that引导宾语从句，作前面tell him的直接宾语
one of ……之一，后面用可数名词复数
sometimes有时
again adv.再一次；再说；此外
strategy n．计谋，策略；行动计划
what you said是宾语从句，引导词what在宾语从句中作said的宾语
make...worse 使得情况变得更糟糕。worse是bad的比较级，此处作补语
that引导宾语从句
move on继续进行下去；对……采取行动
approached in this way 过去分词短语作状语；approach v．着手处理；接近，靠近
most importantly最重要的是
filled with anger过去分词作状语，be filled with充满着，作定语和状语时通常省略掉be
tend to倾向于
whatever引导宾语从句，此处不可以改成no matter what
signal n．信号；暗号
take a deep breath深呼吸breath n．呼吸
calm down冷静下来
pull their weight做好份内事，尽责
pull v．拉，扯；weight n．重量，体重
concern n．担心，关心v.涉及；使关心，使担忧
in a professional way 用专业的方式professional adj.专业的
think about考虑，想到
as well as如同，和……一样
work out进展顺利，如期发生
Dear Ben，
1．There is an old American①saying，“②Loose lips sink ships.”This means ③that if you speak too much about something，especially to people ④who you don't know so well，it'll cause all kinds of trouble.
2．The situation here is ⑤so much worse ⑥because the“loose lips”were your best friend's.⑦Treated this way，⑧ you're sure to feel hurt—we should always ⑨be able to trust those ⑩closest to us，and it hurts even more when we find we can't.
3．But I have to say ?that it's partly your ?fault，?isn't it? You ?admit that you were“letting off steam”．It is ?understandable in that situation，?but we should always think before we speak.
4．?Here's what you need to do.First，?apologise to your teammate.?If you ever want to win any more basketball games(and I'm sure you do！)，you need to ?work together，and that means communicating with each other clearly and resolving conflicts.So have a chat with your teammate.Tell himdirectly and honestlythat you were talking without thinking.
5．Then，talk to your friend.Friendship should be one of the greatest things in the world，but sometimes it can be difficult. Again，your strategy is clear communication.Tell your friend you're angry with him for repeating what you said and making the situation worse，but thatyou want to move on.Approached in this way，your friendship will soon be repaired.
6．Thirdly，and perhaps most
importantly，think about your own behaviour.Don't say too much when you're angry！ Filled with anger，you tend to say whatever comes to your mind.This gives people the wrong signal. Take a deep breath， calm down，and always remember: think first，speak later.If you feel one of your teammates isn't pulling their weight，then raise your concerns in a professional way with your team coach.
7．If you think about other people's feelings as well as your own，you'll soon find everything works out.
8．Good luck!
Agony Aunt
亲爱的本，
1．美国有句老话：“祸从口出。”这意味着，关于一件事如果你说太多，尤其是对那些你不是很了解的人，它会引起各种各样的麻烦。
2．这里的情况更糟，因为“控制不严的嘴”是你最好的朋友的。这样对待你，你肯定会感到受伤——我们应该总是能够信任那些与我们最亲近的人，当我们发现我们不能信任的时候，会感到更痛。
3．但是我不得不说，这在一定程度上是你的错，不是吗？你承认你在“发泄”。在那种情况下是可以理解的，但我们应该三思而后言。
4．这里是你需要做的。首先，向你的队友道歉。如果你想要赢得更多的篮球比赛(我相信你会的！)，你们需要一起努力，这意味着清晰地沟通和解决冲突。所以和你的队友聊聊吧。直接、诚实地告诉他你在不假思索地说话。
5．然后，和你的朋友谈谈。友谊应该是世界上最伟大的事情之一，但是有时会很难。再次强调，你的策略是清晰的沟通。告诉你的朋友你生他的气，因为他重复你说过的话，让情况变得更糟，你想要继续前进。以这种方式处理，你们的友谊很快就会修复。
6．第三，也许是最重要的，想想你自己的行为。当你生气时不要说太多！你满腔怒火，想到什么就说什么。这给人们错误的信号。深呼吸，冷静下来，记住：想想再说话。如果你觉得你的队友没有尽力，那就以专业的方式向你的团队教练提出你的担心。
7．如果你既考虑自己的感受，又考虑别人的感受，你很快就会发现一切都会迎刃而解。
8．祝你好运！
知心大姐
速读P2－3教材课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确的，还是错误的，还是没有提及。
1．Ben told his best friend his real opinion about the failure.( )
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
2．Ben criticized his best friend for giving him away.( )
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．Agony Aunt helped Ben solve the problem in person.( )
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．Whatever happens，admit your faults and apologise to others.( )
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．Dealt with in a proper way，the friendship can be repaired soon.( )
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 ACCBA
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．to show his real opinion about failure
B．to express his trouble and ask for help
C．to apologise to him and work together
D．to tell his friend about his anger
E．to think about his own behaviour
F．to share his concerns with his team coach
1．Ben wrote Agony Aunt a letter ．
2．After the game，Ben went to his friend but he was given away.
3．Agony Aunt asks Ben to talk to his teammate to keep the team united more.
4．Agony Aunt asks Ben to go to his friend to keep their friendship.
5．The most important is because minding our words is necessary.
6．Agony Aunt advises Ben in a professional way.
[答案] 1－6 BACDEF
Ⅲ.表格填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入合适的单词或短语。
Ben's problem Agony Aunt's suggestion
He is 1.in a total mess and hopes to be helped out. As a saying goes，loose lips 2.sink ships.
He blamed his teammate for the 3.loss of a game. Have a chat with your teammate and 4.apologize to him.
His friend told everyone else 5.what he had said. Talk to your friend and tell him your anger with him.You can 6.approach your friendship and repaire it.
He was just 7.letting off steam really. Think about your 8.own behaviour.
He felt 9.embarrassed and ashamed of himself. The more considerate you are，the easier you will find everything to 10.work out.
细读P2－3教材课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
细读课文，匹配段落大意。
1．Paragraph 1 A．Give Ben the suggestions to solve
the problems.
2．Paragraphs 2－3 B．Speaking too much causes trouble
easily.
3．Paragraphs 4－6 C．Share the universal truth of
everything.
4．Paragraph 7 D．Find out the real cause of Ben's
trouble.
[答案] 1－4 BDAC
Ⅱ.单项选择
细读课文，选择最佳答案。
1．Why does Ben turn to Agony Aunt for help?
A．Because his fault made them lose the game.
B．Because he had to leave the basketball team.
C．Because he did something wrong to others.
D．Because his best friend made him unhappy.
2．Which is NOT the suggestion Agony Aunt gave?
A．Making an apology to his teammate.
B．Communicating with his friend.
C．Reconsidering what he did.
D．Letting off his own steam.
3．What did Ben do after losing the match?
A．Being angry with his teammate.
B．Criticising his teammate in person.
C．Telling everyone what he thought.
D．Sharing his idea with his friend.
4．What is the most important in Agony Aunt's opinion?
A．Knowing yourself clearly first.
B．Making a clear communication.
C．Saying your mind clearly when you're angry.
D．Giving other people a correct signal.
[答案] 1－4 CDDA
Ⅲ.概要写作微技能
概要写作微技能——文章结构与主题
A．阅读课文中体现文章结构与主题关系的句子。
1．First，apologise to your teammate.
2．Thirdly，and perhaps most importantly，think about your own behaviour.
3．But I have to say that it's partly your fault，isn't it?
B．判断下列句子能否体现文章结构与主题关系。
1．The “loose lips”were your best friend's.( )
2．Then，talk to your friend.( )
3．This gives people the wrong signal.( )
4．Take a deep breath and calm down.( )
[答案] 1－4 √√××
PAGE
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Section Ⅱ Starting out & Understanding ideas
1．loose adj.控制不严的→loosen v．放松
2．resolve v．解决(问题、困难)→resolution n．解决方案
3．breath n．呼出的气→breathless adj.上气不接下气的，气喘吁吁的
4．concern n．忧虑，担心vt.关系到，涉及；使担心→concerned adj.感兴趣的；担心的→concerning prep.关于；就……而言
5．fault n．责任，过错→faulty adj.有错误的→faultless adj.没有错误的
loose adj.控制不严的；(衣服)宽松肥大的；松动的；零散的，松散的；(头发)披散的；疏松的
① If a tooth becomes very loose，your dentist may recommend that it be taken out...松动的
②Two young men were racing motorcycles on the road with very little loose stones.零散的
③ Wear loose clothes as they're more comfortable.宽松的
④ She was still in her nightdress，with her hair hanging loose over her shoulders.披散的
⑤She gathered loose soil and let it filter slowly through her fingers.疏松的
⑥Murray and Alison broke loose regulations of his school.控制不严的
Words And Phrases
fit in with适应；符合；与……一致
(教材P2) difficulties fitting in with others
和别人融合在一起的困难
[例1] I wondered how I would ever fit in with my teenage friends.
我不知道自己怎样才能融入我那些少年朋友的圈子。
[例2] How do your results fit in with the work of others in the field?
你的结果是如何与国内外相关研究工作相符合的？
[造句] 乔治和他的小组其他人相处得不大好。他太与众不同了。
George doesn't really fit in with the rest of his group.He's too unconventional.
[知识拓展]
fit adj. 合适的；健康的
fit vt.& vi. 合身，合适，安装
be fit for 适合；胜任
be fit to do 适合做……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①What kind of job is he fit for?
②She is not fit to look (look)after children.
[小片段填空]
Jenny got a job as a teacher in an elementary school but soon she found it hard to fit in with the students there.Now she is wondering if she is fit for the job and it is hard for her to find a job fitting her well.
珍妮在一所小学找到一份教师工作，但是很快她发现自己很难与那里的学生融入到一起。现在她在疑惑自己是否适合这份工作，对她来说很难找到一份非常适合她的工作。
be crazy about sb./sth.对……着迷，热衷于
(教材P2) I'm crazy about basketball，and pretty good at it too，which is probably why I was so mad when we lost our last match.
我对篮球很着迷，也很擅长篮球，这可能就是我们输掉上一场比赛时我很生气的原因。
[例1] Frank is crazy about the singer.
弗兰克对这个歌手很着迷。
[例2] There's one thing I really love—I'm crazy about football.
我有一件真正喜欢的事——对足球非常着迷。
[造句] 男孩子总是对运动着迷，比如足球、篮球。
The boys are always crazy about sports，such as football and basketball.
[知识拓展]
like crazy 发疯似的
go crazy 发疯
drive sb.crazy 使某人发疯；逼得某人疯狂
[即学即练] 完成句子
①那男孩没有留下任何口信就出去了，几乎要把他父母逼疯了。
The boy almost drove his parents crazy by going out without any words.
②为按时完成工作我拼命地干。
I had to work like crazy to get the work finished on time.
let down使失望，辜负
(教材P2) We played well，but I felt the team were let down by one member，our point guard.Ｋ
我们打得很好，但我觉得控球后卫让我们全队失望了。
[例1] His efforts finally didn't let his parents down.
他的努力最终没有让父母失望。
[例2] With friends like these，who needs enemies？means a friend has betrayed your trust or let you down.
With friends like these，who needs enemies？的意思是朋友背叛了你的信任或辜负了你。
[造句] 请来支持我，别让我失望。
Please come and support me.Don't let me down.
[知识拓展]
let alone 不干涉；不管；更不用说
let out 放掉；发出(叫声等)；泄露(秘密等)
let off 使爆炸；允许离开；使免受处罚
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He speaks English very fluently，but his pronunciation lets himself (he)down.
②Your mother is tired－let her(she)alone.
breath n．呼出的气，呼吸
(教材P3) Take a deep breath，calm down，and always remember: think first，speak later.
深呼吸，冷静下来，记住：想想再说话。
[例1] Meer let out his breath in a long sigh.
米尔长叹了一口气。
[例2] Kenny caught his breath as Nikko nearly dropped the bottle.
尼科差点儿把瓶子摔了，这让肯尼倒吸了一口气。
[造句] 在我们到达山顶前我们不得不停下来喘口气。
We had to stop for breath before we got to the top.
[知识拓展]
breathe v． 呼吸
out of breath 上气不接下气
take a deep breath 深吸一口气
hold one's breath 屏住呼吸
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①When we breathe (breath)，the air goes into our lungs.
②He held (hold) his breath when the results were read out.
[小片段填空]
He took a deep breath and jumped into the water.Usually he could hold his breath in the water for a long time but this time he seemed to be out of breath when he headed out of the water to breathe in some fresh air.
他深吸了一口气然后跳入水里。通常他能屏住呼吸在水里待很长时间，但是这一次当他伸出头呼吸一些新鲜空气时，好像有点上气不接下气。
concern n．关心；担心vt.影响，牵扯
(某人)；关系到，涉及；使担心
(教材P3) If you feel one of your teammates isn't pulling their weight，then raise your concerns in a professional way with your team coach.
如果你觉得你的队友没有尽力，那就以专业的方式向你的团队教练提出你的担心。
[例1] Issues such as these were not really his concern.
他其实并不关心诸如此类的问题。
[例2] He expressed concern that the ship might be in danger.
他担心船可能会遇险。
[造句] 全世界都在担心环境遭到污染的问题。
There is worldwide concern about the pollution of the environment.
[知识拓展]
(1)concerned adj. 关心的；担心的；有关的；参与的
be concerned with/in 与……有关；与……有关系
be concerned about/for 关心；挂念
as/so far as...be concerned 就……而言/来说
(2)concerning prep. 关于，就……而言
[即学即练] 完成句子
①她很关心儿子的学习。
She is concerned about her son's study.
②据说你与这件事有关。
It is said that you are concerned with/in this matter.
[小片段填空]
Jane's latest documentary is concerned with youth unemployment.As far as I am concerned，the idea is crazy.In the film the concerned parents are concerned about the matter which may concerning their child.
简最近的一部纪录片是关于青年人失业问题的。以我之见，这个想法真是荒诞至极。在电影中忧心忡忡的家长非常担心那件事可能会涉及他们孩子的事情。
as well as也；和……一样；不但……而且
(教材P3) If you think about other people's feelings as well as your own，you'll soon find everything works out.
如果你既考虑自己的感受，又考虑别人的感受，你很快就会发现一切都会迎刃而解。
[例1] The teacher as well as his students likes football.
这个老师，跟他的学生一样，也喜欢足球。
[例2] As well as eating five courses of meals，they drank seven bottles of wine.
除了五道菜外，他们还喝了七瓶白酒。
[造句] 他的书店既卖报也卖书。
His bookshop sells books as well as newspapers.
[知识拓展]
(1)as well as用作连词，连接两个相同成分，如名词、形容词、动词、介词等，通常不位于句首。此时as well as强调的重点在前面，意为“不但……而且……；既……又……；除了……之外，还有……”。
(2)as well as作介词，相当于besides，in addition to，意为“除……之外”，后面通常接名词或动词?ing形式。
(3)as well也，还，又(常放于句末)。
(4)may/might as well表示委婉的建议，一般是针对当时的情况提出另外的提议。意思是“我们不妨……，我们还是……吧”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①His parents as well as him think (think)that the house is not worth buying.
②It then became possible for universities to use the system as well.
Sentence Patterns
which引导非限制性定语从句
(教材P2) I'm crazy about basketball，and pretty good at it too，which is probably why I was so mad when we lost our last match.
我对篮球很着迷，也很擅长篮球，这可能就是我们输掉上一场比赛时我很生气的原因。
句式分析：句中的which是连接代词，引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明前面对篮球的热爱是自己后面行为的原因。
[例1] My sister always helps me with English，which makes me encouraged.
我姐姐总是在英语方面帮助我，这让我备受鼓舞。
[例2] He was always late for work，which led to his being fired.
他上班总是迟到，结果被开除了。
[造句] 他赢得了比赛，让全家人都很开心。
He won the game，which made his whole family happy.
[知识拓展]
(1)非限制性定语从句有逗号。这是它最大的特点，从句与主句用逗号分隔开了。一般可以单独翻译出来，让它成为一个句子，和主句并列排放，而定语从句翻译出来，通常是“(从句内容)……的…… (被修饰的名词)”。
(2)修饰对象不同。非限制性定语从句可以修饰它前面的名词，还可以修饰它前面的整个句子，或句子的部分内容，这是它非常重要的一个作用。
(3)关系词使用不同。非限制性定语从句绝对不可以用that引导。
[翻译]
①My sister，who is a teacher (我姐姐是个老师), always encourages me to study hard.
②My sister who is a teacher (我当老师的姐姐) always encourages me to study hard.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He came back in 1949，when People's Republic of China was founded.
②Once more I am in Beijing，where I have not been for ten years.
like ＋宾语从句
(教材P2) The point guard is a key player，but it was like he wasn't even on the court!
控球后卫是个关键球员，但他好像根本不在场上！
句式分析：该句中like用作连词后面接的是宾语从句，表示：好像；如同；像……一样。
[例1] No one else can score goals like he can!
没有人能像他那样进球！
[例2] Don't talk to me like you talk to a child.
不要像跟孩子说话那样跟我说话。
[造句] 当时没人像她那样唱流行歌曲。
At that time no one sang the pop songs like she did.
[知识拓展]
(1)like作动词时，意为“喜欢”。“like ＋ 名词/代词”表示“喜欢某人或某物”。
(2)like doing sth.和like to do sth.都表示“喜欢做某事”。
(3)Would you like sth./to do sth.？“你想要……吗？”/“你愿意做……吗？”。口语中用来表示客气地征询意见或建议、邀请、请求等。
(4)How do you like...? “你觉得……怎么样？”，通常用于询问对某人或某物的喜欢程度。
(5)like作介词时，意为“像；跟……一样”，其后接名词或代词作宾语。
[翻译]
①Would you like to (你愿意) give me a hand if I have any difficulty with English?
②How do you like (你觉得……怎么样) the latest movie The Captain acted by the famous actor?
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She doesn't like being treated (treat) as if she were a child.
②Would you like to go (go) to see a movie with us after work?
1．(教材P2) I'm crazy about basketball，and pretty good at it too，which is probably why I was so mad when we lost our last match.
[分析] 该句是一个主从复合句，主句是由and 连接的并列句；从句是which引导的非限制性定语从句，补充说明前面主语对篮球的喜爱。在该从句中，why引导的是表语从句，其中when we lost our last match又是该从句中的时间状语从句。
[译文] 我对篮球很着迷，也很擅长篮球，这可能就是我们输掉上一场比赛时我很生气的原因。
2．(教材P3) This means that if you speak too much about something，especially to people who you don't know so well，it'll cause all kinds of trouble.
[分析] 该句是一个主从复合句。主句是this means，that 引导的是宾语从句。从句也是一个主从复合句，主句是it'll cause all kinds of trouble；其中if引导的是条件状语从句，people后面接的是who引导的定语从句。
[译文] 这就意味着，关于一件事如果你说太多，尤其是对那些你不是很了解的人，它会引起各种各样的麻烦。
教材 高考
1.Sadness wants to do her duty but by accident causes the loss of Riley's happy core memories with Joy. (2016·全国卷Ⅱ) You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden，too.But it doesn't happen by accident.
2.The more independent you are, the better your life will be. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)When the world was still populated by hunter?gatherers，small，tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He was let (let) down by his son's academic performance.
2．My house，which I bought last year，has a lovely garden.
3．The young boy is really crazy about football and jazz music.
4．The newcomer is trying hard to fit (fit) in with the workmates.
5．Johnson，as well as his parents，has gone(go) to play golf and can't be contacted.
6．Don't communicate with your teacher like you are talking to a classmate.
7．He has spared no effort so he is sure to achieve (achieve) his ambition.
8．It was understandable (understand) in the situation then，but we can't deny the faults.
9．Take a deep breath (breathe) and then you may feel better.
10．They should raise their concerns (concern) with their headmaster.
Ⅱ.短语填空
take a deep breath；in a mess；as well as；fit in with；help...out；protect...from；tell a lie；apologise to；be sure to；let...down
1．Your room is in a mess，please tidy it up.
2．That's just it.That's why I was hoping you'd be able to help me out．
3．The little girl found it easy to fit in with the new classmates.
4．I'm afraid she let us down badly.
5．We have been told never to tell a lie since our childhood.
6．Take my hand and take a deep breath．
7．Troops have been sent to protect aid workers from attack.
8．I apologise to you for not contacting you in time.
9．If you like the one idol, be sure to learn how to better live for him.
10．He gave me advice as well as some warnings.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Ben is in 1. total mess now.They lost a football match and he thought the team 2. (let)down by one member.But a friend of him shared his 3. (disappoint) with others.Now Ben is turning 4. Agony Aunt for help.Agony Aunt shared an old saying：“Loose lips sink ships”．She asked Ben 5. (apologise) to his teammate first 6. talk to his friend because friendship is one of the 7. (great) things in the world.And most 8. (important)，Ben should think about his own behaviour.9. (fill)with anger，we tend to speak out our minds quickly without thinking clearly.Agony Aunt suggested Ben raise his 10. (concern)with his team coach.
[答案] 1.a 2.was let 3.disappointment 4.to 5．to apologise 6.and 7.greatest 8.importantly 9．Filled 10.concerns
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Section Ⅲ Using language
过去分词作状语
过去分词兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征。 过去分词作状语时，表示被动的或已完成的动作，在句中可作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随状语等。过去分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。过去分词(短语)作状语一般都用逗号同其他成分隔开。
[观察例句]
阅读下列句子，并体会黑体部分的用法
1．Disappointed by his behaviour，I said all this to my best friend.
2．Treated this way，you're sure to feel hurt.
3．Approached in this way，your friendship will soon be repaired.
4．Filled with anger，you tend to say whatever comes to your mind.
5．Lost in deep thought，he didn't hear the sound!
6．The signal given，the bus started.
7．When given a medical examination，you should keep calm.
[归纳用法]
一、过去分词作状语的具体用法
1．作时间状语时，可转换为when或while等引导的从句，通常放在句首。如：
Seen from the top of the hill(＝ When it is seen from the top of the hill)，the school looks like a big garden.
从山顶上看，学校像一个大花园。
2．作条件状语时，可转换为once，if或unless等引导的从句，一般放在句首。如：
Given more attention(＝If it was given more attention)，the fire could have been avoided.
如果多注意一下，大火或许可以避免。
3．作原因状语时，可转换为because，as或since等引导的从句，多放在句首。如：
Encouraged(＝As she was encouraged) by the teacher，the girl was very happy.
因为受到老师的鼓励，这个女孩很开心。
4．作让步状语时，可转换为though，although 或even if引导的从句，常放在句首。如：
Left(＝Although she was left) alone at home，Jenny didn't feel afraid at all.
尽管被单独留在了家里，珍妮一点也不害怕。
5．作方式或伴随状语时，常可转换为并列分句，可位于句首或句末。如：
Surrounded by his students，the teacher went into the lab.(＝ The teacher was surrounded by his students and he went into the lab.)
老师在学生的簇拥下进入了实验室。
6．过去分词(短语)作状语时，有时为了强调，前面可带连词when，while，if，though，as if，unless等。如：
If heated，water will change into steam.
如果加热，水会变成水蒸气。
二、现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别
1．逻辑关系
现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于：两者与所修饰的主句的主语的逻辑关系的区别。
(1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。
He went out，shutting the door behind him.
他出去后将门随手关上。
Not knowing what to do，he went to his parents for help.
由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。
(2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
Given more encouragement，the boy could have behaved better.
如果多给这个男孩一些鼓励，他本来会表现得更好。
Faced with difficulties，we must try to overcome them.
在遇到困难时，我们必须设法克服。
(3)部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动和完成。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost in(陷入某种状态)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、stationed(驻扎)、lost/absorbed(沉溺于)、 born in(出身于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。
Lost/Absorbed/Buried in deep thought，he didn't hear the sound.
因为沉溺于思考中，所以他没有听到那个声音。
Born in this beautiful town，he hates to leave it.
出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿离开它。
2．时间概念
过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，或表示“一种状态”，与谓语动作同时发生或存在。 现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在进行；现在分词的完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“主动”动作；现在分词的完成式的被动式(having been done)常和表示次数的短语及时间段(for＋一段时间)连用，表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“被动动作”，这种情况下不能用过去分词替换，其他情况下通常被过去分词替换，使句式更简洁。
Written in a hurry，this article was not so good.
因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。
Reading carefully，he found something he hadn't known before.
他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。
Having finished his homework，he went home.
完成了作业，他就回家了。
Having been discussed several times，the decision was finally made.
进行了几次讨论后，终于做出了决定。
[即时训练] 改写下列句子
1．Because he was caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet.
Caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet.
2．Although the book has been published many times，the book still sells well in the market.
Although published many times，the book still sells well in the market.
3．Though he was defeated，he remained a popular boxer.
Though defeated，he remained a popular boxer.
4．Once it is visited，the city will never be forgotten.
Once visited，the city will never be forgotten.
5．If we are united，we stand；if we are divided，we fall.
United，we stand；divided，we fall.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Influenced(influence)by his father，he fell in love with literature.
2．He stood there silently，moved (move) to tears.
3．Time，used(use) correctly，is the money in the bank so we should cherish every second.
4．Offered (offer) an important role in a new movie，Andy has got a chance to become famous.
5．Separated (separate) from other continents for millions of years，Australia has many animals and plants not found in any other countries in the world.
6．Generally speaking，if taken (take) according to the directions，the drug has no side effect.
7．Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way using (use) the sun and the stars.
8．Raised (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star.
9．Children，when accompanied (accompany) by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.
10．There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland，staring (stare) at the night sky.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
Have you ever thought about the best meal ever 1.eaten (eat)? For many people，it isn't just about the quality of the food；it's also about great memories of a particular vacation or the person it was shared 2.with．When 3.asked (ask)，100 famous chefs from around the world told us 4.what their best meals were，and we got some 5.interesting (interest) answers.
As the researchers expected，30% of the chefs 6.surveyed (survey) said that their best meal as a kid was still what they liked the most as an adult.20% 7.considered (consider) a meal in a fancy restaurant as the best one in their lives，and another 10% said that a meal while they were on vacation with their wife or husband was the best of all time.15% said that a simple meal often 8.cooked (cook) at home ranked 9.higher(high) than any other meal，and the same number said that their best dish was something they made at the place where they worked.10.Surprisingly (surprising)，10% of these chefs said that their favorite meal of their entire lives was at a fast food restaurant！
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Section Ⅳ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
阅读Reading 2 的材料，选出最佳选项
1．Why does the author mention the words by Walter Scott?
A．To tell us how to appreciate a poem.
B．To introduce the topic of the text.
C．To show us the good way to weave.
D．To teach us the influence of Walter Scott.
2．From Paragraph 2，we can learn ．
A．being honest means you are valuable
B．honest men say they never tell lies
C．we tell lies so as to protect others
D．white lies have a kind original intention
3．Why will we tell a white lie?
A．Because the white lies make ourselves feel better.
B．Because the white lies are always encouraging.
C．Because the white lies can protect others from bad emotions.
D．Because all the white lies are kind and understandable.
4．What does the white lie may cause?
A．You may have to eat the same “delicious”food.
B．You will lose the trust of your friend forever.
C．You can't express your true emotions correctly.
D．You will find people around you are all liars.
[答案] 1－4 BDCA
Words And Phrases
annoyed adj.恼怒的，烦恼的
(教材P5) Prevented from playing her role in Riley's emotional development，Sadness feels annoyed.
因为在Riley的情绪发展过程中被阻止发挥作用，“忧忧”感到非常恼火。
[例1] She tapped her forehead and looked annoyed with herself.
她拍打着脑门，看上去在生自己的气。
[例2] Johnson later apologised，saying he'd been annoyed by the man.
约翰逊后来表示了歉意，说他是被那人惹怒的。
[造句] 因为我粗心大意，他已开始恼火了。
He was beginning to get very annoyed with me about my carelessness.
[知识拓展]
annoy vt.&vi. 骚扰；惹恼；打搅
annoying adj. 讨厌的；恼人的
annoyance n. 烦恼；可厌之事；打扰
be annoyed at/with sb. 对某人很恼火
be annoyed about/by sth. 因某事而生气
be annoyed that 因为……而生气
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It'll be annoying(annoy)if we don't finish by eight.
②She was annoyed with/at Duncan for forgetting to phone.
adjust v．适应；使适应；调整
(教材P5) When Riley moves to a new city，she has a hard time adjusting to her new surroundings.
当Riley搬家到新的城市时，她适应新环境时不太好过。
[例1] Adjust the lighting so it is soft and restful.
调节灯光使其看上去既柔和又能给人带来舒缓感。
[例2] They'll soon settle in—kids are very good at adjusting.
他们很快就会习惯的——小孩子适应能力很强。
[造句] 几秒钟后他的眼睛才适应了黑暗。
It took several seconds for his eyes to adjust to the dark.
[知识拓展]
(1)adjust oneself to... 使某人自己适应……
adjust to (doing) sth. 适应(做)某事
(2)adjustment n. 调整；适应
make an adjustment/adjustments
作出调整
(3)adjustable adj. 可调整的；可调节的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It just needs a few minor adjustments(adjust)．
②You'll quickly adjust yourself (you)to student life.
criticise vt.批评；指责vi.批评；评论；苛求
(教材P6) It's not a good idea to criticise someone in front of others.
当着别人的面批评一个人可不是个好主意。
[例1] His mother had rarely criticised him or any of her children.
他妈妈几乎从来没有批评过他或她的其他孩子。
[例2] You can criticise him，but you'll never change his personality.
即使你批评他，也改变不了他的个性。
[造句] 因为用足球踢坏了别人家的玻璃，他受到了批评。
He was criticised because he broke others' glass with his football.
[知识拓展]
(1)critical adj. 批评的，爱挑剔的；危险的；决定
性的；评论的
(2)critically adv. 批评性地；危急地；用钻研眼光地；
精密地
(3)criticism n. 批评；考证；苛求
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Tom's parents were highly critical (criticise)of the school.
②Mike looked at his new boss critically(criticise)．
[小片段填空]
Anyone who likes to criticise others first is not responsible.His critical behaviour will cause him a dark future，whatever his position is in the group.And most importantly，as a critic，his criticism means he is a sensitive man not only to his work but to people around him.
任何一个喜欢首先批评别人的人是不负责任的。他挑剔的行为不会给他带来光明的未来，无论他在这个团队中的职位是什么。并且最重要的是作为一个批评家，他的批评意味着他是个敏感的人，这不仅仅是对待他的工作，也是对待他周围的人。
remain v．保持；依然；留下；剩余
(教材P8) Written more than two hundred years ago，these lines by Walter Scott remain one of the most well?known excerpts of Scottish poetry...
尽管写于两百多年前，Walter Scott的这些话语依然是苏格兰诗歌中最为著名的……
[例1] If you do this，you will remain comfortable till you find another job.
如果你这么做，你会保持舒适的生活直到你找到另一份工作。
[例2] After so many years，he still remains silent about what happened that day.
这么多年过去了，他还是对那天发生的事情保持沉默。
[造句] 像这种地方最好一直关闭。
It'd be better for a place like this to remain closed.
[知识拓展]
remains n． 剩余物；遗址
sth.remains to be done 某事有待于被做
It remains to be seen whether... 是否……还有待于观察
remaining adj. 剩余的；留下的(只作前置定语)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She fed the remains (remain)of her lunch to the dog.
②Don't remain standing or seated (seat)．You should take more exercise.
[小片段填空]
After Jack bought all he needed，only a small amount of money remained．He bought some flowers for her mother with the remaining money.It remains to be seen whether she liked the present or not.When he saw the remains of the meal on the table，he felt sad.When asked why，he remained silent.
杰克买完自己需要的东西后，只剩下一点钱。他用剩余的钱为妈妈买了一些花。不知道她是否会喜欢这份礼物。当他看到桌子上的剩饭时，感到很伤心。问他为什么时，他保持沉默。
despite prep.不管，不顾；尽管
(教材P9) You of course say that it's wonderful，despite secretly thinking that your cat can sing better.
你当然会说很不错，尽管你偷偷在想你家的猫咪也比这唱的好。
[例1] Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement has been reached so far by the two sides.
尽管以前进行了多轮的会谈，但到目前为止双方尚未达成任何协议。
[例2] The plane took off despite the bad weather.
尽管天气很差，飞机还是起飞了。
[造句] 尽管他经验不足，他还是获得了这份工作。
Despite his lack of experience，he got the job.
[知识拓展]
(1)despite＝in spite of 尽管……
in spite of the fact that... 尽管……
(2)regardless of 不管，不顾
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In spite of her good salary，she measured out every dollar needed for household expenses.
②She went to Spain despite the fact that her doctor had told her to rest.
tear n．眼泪，泪水
(教材P9) If you've had a bad day，do you tell your parents about it，or do you hide your tears and lie that your day was “fine”？
如果你这一天都不顺，你会告诉你父母呢还是隐藏泪水撒谎说你这一天“不错”呢？
[例1] The little girl ran out of the room，with tears running down her face.
小女孩满脸泪水跑出了房间。
[例2] As he listened to the music，his eyes filled with tears.他听着音乐，眼睛里含着泪水。
[造句] 他们的故事会使你感动得落泪。
Their story will move you to tears.
[知识拓展]
tear v．(tore，torn) 撕破，撕裂；撕开，扯下
tear...into pieces 把……撕成碎片
tear...in two ＝tear...into halves
把……断成两半
tear...open 把……撕开
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①My mother simply scolded me for tearing (tear) my coat.
②Why did you tear the clothes into halves(half) when I had advised you to cut it with scissors?
[小片段填空]
The young lady tore the letter open and tried to hold back her tears．After reading the letter，she tore it into halves，then tore it into pieces and burst into tears suddenly.
那位年轻的女士把信撕开，试图忍住她的泪水。读完信后，她把信撕成两半然后撕得粉碎，随后突然放声痛哭。
Sentence Patterns
It is＋adj./n.＋ (for sb.)to do...
(教材P6) It's not easy for anyone to say sorry.
说出抱歉对任何人来说都是不容易的。
句式分析：该句的句型是It is＋adj./n.＋ (for sb.)to do...，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。
[例1] It is easy for me to swim across the river.
对我来说游过这条河很容易。
[例2] It is important to pay your electricity bill on time.按时缴纳电费很重要。
[造句] 作为学生好好学习是很重要的。
It is very important for students to study hard.
[归纳拓展]
(1)It is＋adj./n.＋ ( for sb.) to do...结构中， it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式短语。
(2)It is＋adj.＋ for sb.to do...中for前面的形容词是指“事物怎么样”，如impossible，important等。
(3)It is＋adj.＋ of sb.to do...中of前面的形容词是指“人的性质或特征”，如nice，kind等。
[翻译]
①It is our duty (是我们的责任) to protect our hometown—the Earth.
②It is careless of him (他真粗心) to leave his bag at my home.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It is very kind of you to help me.
②It was stupid of me to talk (talk)in that way to my mother.
It takes(sb.)some time to do sth.
(教材P6) It takes time to understand a person.
理解一个人需要花点时间。
句式分析：该句用到的句型是：It takes(sb.)some time to do sth.做某事需花费……时间。其中it是形式主语，后面的不定式是真正的主语。
[例1] It took him five years to finish the drawing.
他花了五年的时间完成了这幅画作。
[例2] It will take us at least five months to find out what exactly lies behind it.
至少要花费我们五个月的时间来弄明白它背后到底是什么。
[造句] 今天的家庭作业只花费了汤姆半小时的时间。
It only took Tom half an hour to finish today's homework.
[知识拓展]
It takes/took (sb.)some time to do...花了(某人)多少时间做……
表达“花费”的其他句型：
①sb.＋spends...on/in doing sth.
②sth.＋costs sb....
③sb.＋pays＋money＋for sth.
④sb.＋buys...for＋money
[翻译]
①I spend 200 yuan buying (我花费200元) all these reference books for my brother.
②Repairing his bike cost him 35 yuan(修理自行车花了他35元) and he felt it was not so worthy.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Every day it takes(take)me less than fifteen minutes to wash，get changed，leave home and get on bus.
②I spent ten yuan in buying (buy) the book.
every time引导时间状语从句
(教材P9) Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit.
或许你所说的“美味的”饭每次你来访时都会为你端上来。
句式分析：句中 every time 意为“每当……的时候”，在此起从属连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。
[例1] “Every time you eat a sweet，drink green tea.”This is what my mother used to tell me.
“每次你吃甜点的时候，就喝点绿茶。”这是过去妈妈经常对我说的话。
[例2] Every time I look at the picture，I always think of my childhood.
每次看到这张照片，我都会想起我的童年。
[造句] 每一次他看到我都会朝我挥一挥手。
Every time he sees me，he will wave to me.
[知识拓展]
(1)用作连词引导时间状语从句的名词短语还有：the moment，the instant，the minute，any time，next time，the first time，the last time，the day等。
(2)副词immediately，instantly，directly等，也可以用作连词连接时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”相当于as soon as。
[翻译]
①Last time I went to Beijing (上一次我去北京)，he was studying in Peking University.
②Next time I come here (下一次我来这里)，I will take your books back.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He said he'd phone you the moment/the instant/the minute/immediately/instantly/directly (一……就)he arrived at home.
②Each time she moved(move)her head she let out a sigh.
细节理解题(1)
提分技巧：细节理解题常分为直接信息理解题、间接信息理解题。间接信息理解题相对于直接细节理解题而言难度较大，命题的迷惑性更大，因为此类题目的正确选项都经过了命题人对原文信息的语义转换，两者存在表达上的差异。间接信息题相比直接信息题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。在做间接信息理解题时，要做到“两关注”“一防范”。
“两关注”是指关注正确选项的两个特征：一是同义词替换或释义，即把文中语言(词汇和结构)改头换面，来表达相同的意思；二是对文章信息的归纳。
“ 一防范”是指防范干扰选项的迷惑性，错误选项常使用诸如张冠李戴、无中生有、曲解文意、颠倒是非、正误参半等方式来造成句意的改变。
[典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读D节选)
...
Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy，but we can't forget that deep relationships wouldn't even exist if it weren't for casual conversation.Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social communication，says Bernardo Carducci，director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast.“Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk，”he explains.“The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others，not just communicate with them.”
...
33．What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?
A．Showing good manners.
B．Relating to other people.
C．Focusing on a topic.
D．Making business deals.
B [由该选段最后卡尔杜齐说的话可知，成功的闲聊的关键是学会怎样与他人产生联系，而不只是与他人交流，文中的connect with与B项的relate to的含义是一致的，表示“与……联系”。]
请迅速找出下面段落中的针对该题目的间接信息
It's only been two weeks since Montana Brown began working at the Aflac Cancer Center of Atlanta，but she said，“The job is more than anything I could ask for.It's so cool to just be at the place where I was treated and to have an influence over the kids.”
Brown was just two when she was diagnosed (诊断) with rhabdomyosarcoma，a rare type of cancer.She received treatment for a year and then the disease was controlled.
But at the age of fifteen，she was diagnosed again with the same cancer and had to receive treatment for another year.She was also told that she had to stop dancing，one of her hobbies.
Brown said she remembered just how compassionate (有同情心的) the nurses were during that difficult time.So she decided to give back in the same way the nurses did with her when she was in the hospital.
“Around 10th or 11th grade，I started thinking about what to major in，”Brown said.“I knew I wanted to help people and I knew that I wanted to use my story to help others and give them hope and inspiration.The more I thought about it，the better I knew being a nurse would be the greatest field for me.” She received a degree in nursing from Augusta University last year.
Caroline Rooke，the nurse manager at the Aflac Cancer Center，said.“Brown's experiences make her a special part of the team.She would improve the care experience that we can offer our patients.It's her special way of giving back.”
Why did Montana Brown choose to be a nurse?
A．She believed this field was so cool.
B．She wanted to inspire more patients.
C．She hoped she could cure her illness.
D．She intended to get some experience.
B [细节理解题。根据第五段的“I knew I wanted to help people and I knew that I wanted to use my story to help others and give them hope and inspiration.”可知，她之所以选择当一名护士，是因为她想帮助更多的人，想用自己的故事给别人希望和鼓舞。B项中的“inspire”与“inspiration”的意思是一致的。]
读后感
本单元的写作文体属于读后感，简单来说就是就一本书或一篇文章等发表自己的读后见解。读后感由阅读而引出感想。开头先简明扼要、开门见山交待清楚读了什么，有什么感想，并采用夹叙夹议的形式结合生活事例谈具体感受。
[基本框架]
1．引入(introduction)——引入要评论的主题，并写出简介或摘要；
2．主体(body)——写出论点，并举出正面或者反面的例证；
3．结尾(ending)——得出最终结论并总结评论主题的相关意义。
[常用词块]
1．be deeply impressed with the story对故事印象很深刻
2．have the same experience with him和他有同样的经历
3．understand the truth behind it明白其中的道理
4．say for example that举例说明
5．put it into practice把它付诸于实践
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．This fable describes a story between a wolf and a goat.
这则寓言描述了一头狼和一只羊的故事。
2．The story about Mr Ye and the dragon goes like this.
叶公与龙之间的故事是这样的。
3．We all know the story about the farmer and the snake.
我们都知道农夫与蛇的故事。
★丰满主体
1．We have all surely had the experience of being cheated by people around us.
我们肯定都有过这样的经历，被我们身边的人欺骗。
2．One of the main reasons for doing so is that we trust others so easily.
这样做的其中一个原因就是我们太容易相信别人。
3．No one can prove to us，to what extent，we can believe it.
没人可以给我们证明可以在多大程度上相信它。
★余味结尾
1．In conclusion，I'd like to point out that we should never have pity on people who are as evil as the snake.
最后，我想指出我们决不要可怜像蛇一样的恶毒的人。
2．After reading it，I find every second in life is very precious.
读完后，我觉得人生的每分每秒都是宝贵的。
3．We should spare no effort to study hard and overcome the difficulties before us.
我们应该不遗余力地努力学习，克服我们面前的困难。
读下面经典寓言故事《农夫与蛇》，并根据要求写一篇文章。
1．你对这则寓言的理解；
2．举例说明；
3．总结并思考。
要求：
1．词数：80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使文章连贯；
3．提示词：Aesop伊索；fable寓言； evil邪恶的；有害的
Once upon a time，on a cold winter day，the farmer who had gone home from the market found a snake on the roadside.He thought it was frozen and stiff (僵硬的)，so he put it in his arms and let it wake up.The snake was frightened，and when it fully recovered，it instinctively bit the farmer and finally killed the farmer.Before he died，the farmer regretted very much and said sadly，“I want to do good，but because of my shallow knowledge，I hurt my life，so I got this kind of reward.”
[参考范文]
Of all the fables of Aesop，I am deeply impressed with The farmer and the snake.The fable goes like this：A farmer saved a frozen snake，which killed the farmer at last.
Many of us have all surely had the experience of being hurt by the people you ever helped.Some old people lied the helper hurt them and got a lot of money.But on the other hand，some people in trouble died because of lack of timely help.
It is very important to extend our helping hands.But remember to help the people who are really in need.
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