Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking
—Comprehending
听音填空
/ Red River Valley/ / 红河谷 /
歌曲《红河谷》，曲调热切、饱满、优美、深情。这首已流传了一个世纪的歌曲，是一首在加拿大广泛流传的民歌，在美国也同样流行。
From this valley they say you are going
I will miss your bright eyes and 1.sweet smile
For they say you are taking the 2.sunshine
That has 3.brightened our pathway awhile
Come and sit by my side， if you love me
Do not hasten to 4.bid me adieu
Just remember the Red River Valley
And the one who loved you so true
I’ve been thinking a long time my darling
Of the 5.sweet words you never would say
Now， alas， must my fond hopes all vanish
For they say you are going away
From this valley they say you are going
I will miss your bright eyes and sweet smile
For they say you are taking the sunshine
That has brightened our pathway awhile
I will miss your bright eyes and sweet smile
人们说你就要离开村庄
我将怀念你的明眸和甜蜜微笑
因为你带走所有的阳光
它曾照亮我们的路
来坐在我身旁
如果你爱我
不要离开得这样匆忙
你可要记住这红河谷
还有那真爱你的人
亲爱的，长久以来，我一直在回想
那些你不曾说出的美好誓言
可是，现在我所有的美好希望都已破灭
你就要离开村庄
人们说，你就要离开村庄
我将怀念你的明眸和甜蜜微笑
因为你带走所有的阳光
它曾照亮我们的路
我将怀念你的明眸和甜蜜微笑
[词海拾贝]
1．hasten ['heIsn] vt． 加速；催促；使加快；促进
2．vanish ['v?nI?] v． 突然消失；不复存在
3．brighten ['braItn] v． (使)更明亮；变亮
重点单词
写作词汇
1．individual [IndI'vId???l] adj．单独的；个别的
n． 个人
2．kingdom ['kI?d?m] n． 王国；领域
3．chief [t?i?f] adj． 最重要的；最高级别的
n． (公司或机构的)首领；酋长
4．nearby [nI?'baI] adj． 附近的；邻近的
adv． 在附近
5．battle ['b?tl] n． 战役；搏斗
vi．& vt． 搏斗；奋斗
6．port [p??t] n． 港口(城市)
拓展词汇
7．puzzle ['p?zl] n．谜；智力游戏；疑问vt．迷惑；使困惑→puzzled adj．迷惑不解的→puzzling adj．令人迷惑的
8．belong [bI'l??] vi．应在(某处)；适应→belongings n．财产，所有物
9．defence [dI'fens] n．防御；保卫→defend vt．保护；保卫
10．legal ['li?ɡl] adj．法律的；合法的→illegal adj．不合法的
11．surround [s?'ra?nd] vt．围绕；包围→surrounding adj．周围的→surroundings n．周围的事物；环境
12．evidence ['evid?ns] n．证据；证明→evident adj．清楚的；明白的；显而易见的；显然的
13．achievement [?'t?i?vm?nt] n．成就；成绩；达到→achieve vt．完成；达到
14．location [l??'keI?n] n．地方；地点；位置→locate vt．位于，坐落于
15．fascinating ['f?sIneItI?] adj．极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinate vt．使着迷，使神魂颠倒
阅读词汇
16．Confucius [k?n'fju???s] n． 孔子
17．mansion ['m?n?n] n． 公馆；宅第
18．philosophy [f?'l?s?fi] n． 哲学
19．descendant [dI'send?nt] n． 后裔；后代；子孙
20．heel [hi?l] n． 足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟
21．currency ['k?r?nsi] n． 通货；货币
22．military ['mIl?tri] adj． 军事的；军用的
23．conquer ['k??k?(r)] vt． 占领；征服；控制
重点短语
1．join．．．to．．． 把……和……连接或
联结起来
2．break_away_(from_sb．/sth．) 脱离；背叛；逃脱
3．belong_to 属于
4．as_well_as 同(一样也)；和；还
5．keep_your_eyes_open_(for) 留心；留意
6．result_in 导致
7．date_back_to 追溯至
重点句型
1．if条件状语从句的省略形式：So what is the difference between them, if_any(如果有的话)？
2．as well as既……又……，连接并列成分：They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as_well_as_share_the_same_currency_and_military_defence(也拥有同样的货币和国防)．
3．the way后省略that/in which的定语从句：They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the_way_people_built_houses(人们建造房屋的方式)．
Fast-reading
Skim the text (P40) and choose the best answer.
1．What is mainly discussed in this passage?
A．The history of the United Kingdom．
B．The geography of the United Kingdom．
C．The people of the United Kingdom．
D．The politics of the United Kingdom．
答案：A
2．Read the text and match the main idea of each part．
Part 1(Paras．1－2) A．The history, traditions and culture of the United Kingdom．
Part 2(Para．3) B．The origin of the name of the UK．
Part 3(Paras．4－5) C．The four countries work together in some areas．
答案：BCA
Careful-reading
Read the text(P40－41) carefully and then choose the best answer.
1．Which invaders influenced London’s language most?
A．Anglo-Saxons． B．Romans．
C．Normans． D．Vikings．
2．From the passage，we know that ________．
A．all the four countries share the same educational system
B．the Romans came to England before the Anglo-Saxons
C．it was easy for Northern Ireland to join England, Scotland and Wales
D．in the 19th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK
3．How many countries does the UK consist of?
A．Two． B．Three．
C．Four． D．Five．
4．What should you do if you want to make your trip to the UK more enjoyable?
A．Know the location．
B．Find a company．
C．Find a good guide．
D．Study the history of the country ahead of time．
答案：1－4.ABCD
Study-reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text．
1．Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland．
该句是一个复合句。该句主句为：the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK；which resulted in the full name we have today为which引导的定语从句代指前面整句话的内容，we have today为定语从句修饰先行词name。
译文：最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离英国，这导致了我们今天有的英国的全名：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
2．Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history．
该句是一个复合句。该句主句为：you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people；其中Almost everywhere you go in the UK为让步状语从句； who took over at different times throughout history为定语从句修饰先行词people。
译文：几乎无论你走到英国的任何地方，你都会发现历史上有四种不同的人在不同的时期统治过英国。
3．The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times．
该句是一个复合句。该句主句为：The capital city London is a great place to start; as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times．为原因状语从句；dating all the way back to Roman times为现在分词短语作定语修饰history。
译文：首都伦敦是一个很好的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。
阅读理解
A
It was a cold morning, and Eduardo Ortega was nervous．He held a large envelope．In it was his dream．
“This is everything，”he said．“I’ve worked for this since I was a young boy．”
Eduardo remembered the long hours working in the fields, picking strawberries and beans．After the workday, his tired friends drank coffee or slept．Eduardo studied, read, and wrote poetry and short stories．Although he missed many classes, he became the school’s best student．
One school year, Eduardo wrote an essay(文章) and won a prize—a flying trip to San Francisco．As he flew, he felt free from his life of hard work in the fields．He promised himself not to return to that life．He loved to fly．
This morning, Eduardo caught the school bus and went to school with the envelope．He walked past his classmates and sat down at his desk．He opened the envelope and began reading the letter inside．It was the answer to his application to the state university．It was also the answer to the beginning of his dream of becoming a pilot．
Even though Eduardo worked to help his family, his father always encouraged him to go to school．So, while he worked, he also studied．
Eduardo knew that his dream was his father’s dream, too．His father was a smart man, but he was too poor to go to college．He loved to read, but never had time, because he worked long hours．
Now, as Eduardo read the words，“Congratulations ．．．you have been accepted，” he knew that his dream was not lost．One day, he would be a pilot, flying every day to all the exciting places in the world．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。男孩家境不好，需要打零工帮助家里维持生计，但他并没有放弃自己的梦想。他坚持学习，通过不懈的努力终于考上了大学，缩短了与梦想的距离。
1．What did Eduardo do when his friends drank coffee or slept?
A．He attended classes．
B．He studied and wrote．
C．He worked in the fields．
D．He helped around his home．
B 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的After the workday, his tired friends drank coffee or slept．Eduardo studied, read, and wrote poetry and short stories．可知，工作结束后，他的朋友们或喝咖啡或睡觉，而他却在学习和写作。
2．What was Eduardo’s dream?
A．Becoming a pilot．
B．Becoming a writer．
C．Traveling around the world．
D．Realizing his father’s dream．
A 解析：细节理解题。由第五段中的It was also the answer to the beginning of his dream of becoming a pilot．和最后一段中的One day, he would be a pilot, flying every day to all the exciting places in the world．可知，他梦想成为一名飞行员。
3．What was Eduardo’s father’s attitude toward his dream?
A．Supportive． B．Unconcerned．
C．Doubtful． D．Unclear．
A 解析：推理判断题。由倒数第三段中的his father always encouraged him to go to school 可知，他父亲鼓励他上学，因此推断出他父亲支持他的梦想。
4．What was in the envelope?
A．An invitation to a flying trip．
B．Encouragement from his father．
C．Congratulations from his friends．
D．An admission notice from a university．
D 解析：推理判断题。由第五段中的It was the answer to his application to the state university．和最后一段中的as Eduardo read the words, “Congratulations ．．．you have been accepted，” he knew that his dream was not lost可推断，信封里是他所申请的大学发来的录取通知书。
B
Hidden in the mountains of Jordan is the beautiful ancient city of Petra．It lay in ruins for more than a thousand years．
Petra was built in 312 BC by the Nabataeans who were an ancient southern Arab people．They were very skilled at carving(刻)．It is no wonder that this ancient city has so much to offer!
In 363 AD, the city suffered from terrible earthquakes that left most of the city damaged．The buildings and the city’s water system were affected．A Swiss explorer，Johann Ludwig Burckhardt, discovered this city of wonders in 1812．Until he discovered Petra, it had been unheard of in the Western world for about 5 centuries!
Petra is the Greek word for stone and this name makes perfect sense because of where the city is located and how some of it is carved into the rock．The ancient city of Petra is also known as the “Rose City”．This is because the rock in which the city is built is a rose-red colour．Many of the buildings of Petra have beautiful facades(正面)．Some of the facades have columns(柱) carved into the rock, but they are for decoration and they don’t actually hold anything up．
Petra was built in the middle of the desert, where it hardly ever rained．Luckily, the Nabataeans were very skilled engineers and knew how to live in a hot and dry place．First, they carved channels(渠) to bring water from a nearby spring into the city．Rainwater was also collected in underground channels．The water was then stored．So, even in the long dry months there was enough water for people to use．
Today, Petra is one of the world’s most famous ancient sites and people come from all over the world to visit it．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。作者在文中介绍了古城佩特拉。
5．What do we know about Petra?
A．It was built on high mountains．
B．It was a history of five centuries．
C．It was destroyed by earthquakes．
D．It was first visited by westerners in 363．
C 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的In 363 AD, the city suffered from terrible earthquakes that left most of the city damaged．可知，这座古城被地震毁了。
6．Why was the city named “Petra”？
A．Some of it looked rose-red．
B．Some of it was filled with roses．
C．Some of it was home to animals．
D．Some of it was built into the rock．
D 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的Petra is the Greek word for stone and this name makes perfect sense because of where the city is located and how some of it is carved into the rock．可知答案。
7．What is the purpose of the columns?
A．To beautify the buildings．
B．To support the buildings．
C．To fun_ction as gates．
D．To serve as tools．
A 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的they are for decoration and they don’t actually hold anything up可知，这些柱子没有实际作用，装饰而已。
8．Which word can best describe the Nabataeans?
A．Honest． B．Creative．
C．Hard-working． D．Well-educated．
B 解析：推理判断题。由倒数第二段可知，纳巴泰人在沙漠上建起了佩特拉城，并用很智慧的方式解决了沙漠的缺水问题。
完形填空
Kelvin Doe is a child from a very poor district of Freetown, Sierra Leone’s capital city．The area is in such __1__shape that the lights only come up once a week．At the age of 10, he started __2__rubbish dumps(垃圾场) for small electronics parts after school．Then he would spend his time __3__ how they work．__4__he was very young and didn’t receive traditional engineering education, this didn’t __5__ Doe’s dream of helping solve the local problems in his community．
At the age of 13, after he tried many times, he finally __6__ a generator(发电机) using materials he had __7__ around the house or from rubbish dumps．From then on, Kelvin Doe became a completely __8__engineer．He then built a radio station by using recycled materials．He reported news and played music under the __9__ of DJ Focus and __10__ his friends as workers in the station．“They call me DJ Focus．I am confident．I always __11__if I focus, I can complete anything seeming to be __12__，” Doe said in a YouTube video．
He had __13__been more than 10 miles from his home in Freetown until he attended a national invention competition．There, Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)__14__such a smart boy．David Sengeh, a PhD student at MIT, recognized his amazing __15__right away．“Doe’s story is very __16__．He made a generator because he __17__it，” Sengeh said．“Doe’s __18__ in the YouTube video have had a big __19__ on me and on millions of people all over the world．In Sierra Leone, other young people suddenly feel they can be __20__Doe．” Kelvin was later invited to give a talk at the TEDxTeen in 2012 to Harvard Students．“Creativity can be found in places where one does not expect to find it，”said Kelvin during the talk．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。一位来自非洲塞拉利昂的名叫Kelvin Doe的小男生通过自学搭建了一个无线电台设备，并且自己当起这个电台的DJ，通过它向当地社区播放新闻和音乐。
1．A．attractive B．simple
C．interesting D．bad
D 解析：根据上文中的 ．．．from a very poor district of Freetown, Sierra Leone’s capital city．以及下文中的．．．the lights only come up once a week．可知，这个地区的情况非常“糟糕”。
2．A．mistaking B．designing
C．searching D．exchanging
C 解析：根据上下文内容可知，十岁时，Kelvin Doe 开始放学后在垃圾场中“寻找”电子产品的零件。
3．A．studying B．explaining
C．discussing D．considering
A 解析：根据下文中的how they work可知，然后他花时间“研究”这些零件的构造。
4．A．If B．Although
C．Once D．Since
B 解析：根据下文中的he was very young and didn’t receive traditional engineering education, this didn’t ．．．可知，前后两句是让步关系，故用Although。
5．A．show B．wake
C．stop D．mention
C 解析：根据上文中的．．．he was very young and didn’t receive traditional engineering education．．．可知，尽管他很小且没受过传统的工科教育，但是这没有“阻止”他想帮助社区解决当地问题的梦想。
6．A．reused B．created
C．repaired D．mixed
B 解析：根据上下文可知，十三岁时，Kelvin Doe终于“自制”了一台发电机。
7．A．recycled B．divided
C．stolen D．borrowed
A 解析：根据上文中的rubbish dumps(垃圾场) for small electronics parts可知，电池和发电机是用他在家周围或垃圾场“回收”来的材料制成的。
8．A．warm-hearted B．easy-going
C．hard-working D．self-taught
D 解析：根据上文中的didn’t receive traditional engineering education可知，Kelvin Doe 完全是一个“自学”成才的工程师。
9．A．action B．guidance
C．control D．name
D 解析：根据下文中的They call me DJ Focus．可知，他用回收的材料搭建了一个无线电台设备，并且以DJ Focus的“名字”向当地社区播放新闻和音乐。
10．A．employed B．served
C．regarded D．treated
A 解析：根据下文中的．．．as workers in the station．可知，他“雇用”他的朋友当电台的工作人员。
11．A．wish B．believe
C．predict D．worry
B 解析：根据上文中的I am confident．可知，Kelvin Doe很自信，并一直“相信”如果自己专注，肯定会完成看似不可能的事情。
12．A．impossible B．imperfect
C．unreasonable D．unfinished
A 解析：根据语境可知，Kelvin Doe一直相信如果自己专注，肯定会完成似乎“不可能的”事情。
13．A．already B．just
C．never D．always
C 解析：根据下文中的．．．been more than 10 miles from his home in Freetown until he attended a national invention competition．可知，他“从未”离家超过十英里，直到参加了全国性的发明比赛。
14．A．discovered B．educated
C．saved D．introduced
A 解析：根据语境可知，这场比赛中，麻省理工学院“发现”了这个聪明的男孩。
15．A．suggestions B．skills
C．goals D．experiences
B 解析：根据语境可知，David Sengeh立即看出Kelvin Doe不可多得的“技能”。
16．A．true B．encouraging
C．tragic D．amusing
B 解析：根据上下文的内容可知，Kelvin Doe的故事非常“鼓舞人心”。
17．A．sold B．researched
C．recognized D．needed
D 解析：根据上文可知，Kelvin Doe自制发电机是因为他“需要”它。
18．A．performances B．advertisements
C．words D．expressions
C 解析：根据上文中的Doe said in a YouTube video以及下文中的．．．in the YouTube video．．．可知，这里指Kelvin Doe在YouTube视频中所说的“话”。
19．A．expectation B．impression
C．influence D．pressure
C 解析：根据语境可知，Kelvin Doe在YouTube视频中所说的话对David Sengeh以及全世界千百万的人都有着很大的“影响”。
20．A．beside B．against
C．for D．like
D 解析：根据语境可知，在塞拉利昂，其他年轻人突然觉得他们也可以“像”Kelvin Doe一样。
课件27张PPT。UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONSUNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONSUNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONSUNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONSUNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONSUNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONSUNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONSUNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
阅读理解
A
It was a cold morning, and Eduardo Ortega was nervous．He held a large envelope．In it was his dream．
“This is everything，”he said．“I’ve worked for this since I was a young boy．”
Eduardo remembered the long hours working in the fields, picking strawberries and beans．After the workday, his tired friends drank coffee or slept．Eduardo studied, read, and wrote poetry and short stories．Although he missed many classes, he became the school’s best student．
One school year, Eduardo wrote an essay(文章) and won a prize—a flying trip to San Francisco．As he flew, he felt free from his life of hard work in the fields．He promised himself not to return to that life．He loved to fly．
This morning, Eduardo caught the school bus and went to school with the envelope．He walked past his classmates and sat down at his desk．He opened the envelope and began reading the letter inside．It was the answer to his application to the state university．It was also the answer to the beginning of his dream of becoming a pilot．
Even though Eduardo worked to help his family, his father always encouraged him to go to school．So, while he worked, he also studied．
Eduardo knew that his dream was his father’s dream, too．His father was a smart man, but he was too poor to go to college．He loved to read, but never had time, because he worked long hours．
Now, as Eduardo read the words，“Congratulations ．．．you have been accepted，” he knew that his dream was not lost．One day, he would be a pilot, flying every day to all the exciting places in the world．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。男孩家境不好，需要打零工帮助家里维持生计，但他并没有放弃自己的梦想。他坚持学习，通过不懈的努力终于考上了大学，缩短了与梦想的距离。
1．What did Eduardo do when his friends drank coffee or slept?
A．He attended classes．
B．He studied and wrote．
C．He worked in the fields．
D．He helped around his home．
B 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的After the workday, his tired friends drank coffee or slept．Eduardo studied, read, and wrote poetry and short stories．可知，工作结束后，他的朋友们或喝咖啡或睡觉，而他却在学习和写作。
2．What was Eduardo’s dream?
A．Becoming a pilot．
B．Becoming a writer．
C．Traveling around the world．
D．Realizing his father’s dream．
A 解析：细节理解题。由第五段中的It was also the answer to the beginning of his dream of becoming a pilot．和最后一段中的One day, he would be a pilot, flying every day to all the exciting places in the world．可知，他梦想成为一名飞行员。
3．What was Eduardo’s father’s attitude toward his dream?
A．Supportive． B．Unconcerned．
C．Doubtful． D．Unclear．
A 解析：推理判断题。由倒数第三段中的his father always encouraged him to go to school 可知，他父亲鼓励他上学，因此推断出他父亲支持他的梦想。
4．What was in the envelope?
A．An invitation to a flying trip．
B．Encouragement from his father．
C．Congratulations from his friends．
D．An admission notice from a university．
D 解析：推理判断题。由第五段中的It was the answer to his application to the state university．和最后一段中的as Eduardo read the words, “Congratulations ．．．you have been accepted，” he knew that his dream was not lost可推断，信封里是他所申请的大学发来的录取通知书。
B
Hidden in the mountains of Jordan is the beautiful ancient city of Petra．It lay in ruins for more than a thousand years．
Petra was built in 312 BC by the Nabataeans who were an ancient southern Arab people．They were very skilled at carving(刻)．It is no wonder that this ancient city has so much to offer!
In 363 AD, the city suffered from terrible earthquakes that left most of the city damaged．The buildings and the city’s water system were affected．A Swiss explorer，Johann Ludwig Burckhardt, discovered this city of wonders in 1812．Until he discovered Petra, it had been unheard of in the Western world for about 5 centuries!
Petra is the Greek word for stone and this name makes perfect sense because of where the city is located and how some of it is carved into the rock．The ancient city of Petra is also known as the “Rose City”．This is because the rock in which the city is built is a rose-red colour．Many of the buildings of Petra have beautiful facades(正面)．Some of the facades have columns(柱) carved into the rock, but they are for decoration and they don’t actually hold anything up．
Petra was built in the middle of the desert, where it hardly ever rained．Luckily, the Nabataeans were very skilled engineers and knew how to live in a hot and dry place．First, they carved channels(渠) to bring water from a nearby spring into the city．Rainwater was also collected in underground channels．The water was then stored．So, even in the long dry months there was enough water for people to use．
Today, Petra is one of the world’s most famous ancient sites and people come from all over the world to visit it．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。作者在文中介绍了古城佩特拉。
5．What do we know about Petra?
A．It was built on high mountains．
B．It was a history of five centuries．
C．It was destroyed by earthquakes．
D．It was first visited by westerners in 363．
C 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的In 363 AD, the city suffered from terrible earthquakes that left most of the city damaged．可知，这座古城被地震毁了。
6．Why was the city named “Petra”？
A．Some of it looked rose-red．
B．Some of it was filled with roses．
C．Some of it was home to animals．
D．Some of it was built into the rock．
D 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的Petra is the Greek word for stone and this name makes perfect sense because of where the city is located and how some of it is carved into the rock．可知答案。
7．What is the purpose of the columns?
A．To beautify the buildings．
B．To support the buildings．
C．To fun_ction as gates．
D．To serve as tools．
A 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的they are for decoration and they don’t actually hold anything up可知，这些柱子没有实际作用，装饰而已。
8．Which word can best describe the Nabataeans?
A．Honest． B．Creative．
C．Hard-working． D．Well-educated．
B 解析：推理判断题。由倒数第二段可知，纳巴泰人在沙漠上建起了佩特拉城，并用很智慧的方式解决了沙漠的缺水问题。
完形填空
Kelvin Doe is a child from a very poor district of Freetown, Sierra Leone’s capital city．The area is in such __1__shape that the lights only come up once a week．At the age of 10, he started __2__rubbish dumps(垃圾场) for small electronics parts after school．Then he would spend his time __3__ how they work．__4__he was very young and didn’t receive traditional engineering education, this didn’t __5__ Doe’s dream of helping solve the local problems in his community．
At the age of 13, after he tried many times, he finally __6__ a generator(发电机) using materials he had __7__ around the house or from rubbish dumps．From then on, Kelvin Doe became a completely __8__engineer．He then built a radio station by using recycled materials．He reported news and played music under the __9__ of DJ Focus and __10__ his friends as workers in the station．“They call me DJ Focus．I am confident．I always __11__if I focus, I can complete anything seeming to be __12__，” Doe said in a YouTube video．
He had __13__been more than 10 miles from his home in Freetown until he attended a national invention competition．There, Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)__14__such a smart boy．David Sengeh, a PhD student at MIT, recognized his amazing __15__right away．“Doe’s story is very __16__．He made a generator because he __17__it，” Sengeh said．“Doe’s __18__ in the YouTube video have had a big __19__ on me and on millions of people all over the world．In Sierra Leone, other young people suddenly feel they can be __20__Doe．” Kelvin was later invited to give a talk at the TEDxTeen in 2012 to Harvard Students．“Creativity can be found in places where one does not expect to find it，”said Kelvin during the talk．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。一位来自非洲塞拉利昂的名叫Kelvin Doe的小男生通过自学搭建了一个无线电台设备，并且自己当起这个电台的DJ，通过它向当地社区播放新闻和音乐。
1．A．attractive B．simple
C．interesting D．bad
D 解析：根据上文中的 ．．．from a very poor district of Freetown, Sierra Leone’s capital city．以及下文中的．．．the lights only come up once a week．可知，这个地区的情况非常“糟糕”。
2．A．mistaking B．designing
C．searching D．exchanging
C 解析：根据上下文内容可知，十岁时，Kelvin Doe 开始放学后在垃圾场中“寻找”电子产品的零件。
3．A．studying B．explaining
C．discussing D．considering
A 解析：根据下文中的how they work可知，然后他花时间“研究”这些零件的构造。
4．A．If B．Although
C．Once D．Since
B 解析：根据下文中的he was very young and didn’t receive traditional engineering education, this didn’t ．．．可知，前后两句是让步关系，故用Although。
5．A．show B．wake
C．stop D．mention
C 解析：根据上文中的．．．he was very young and didn’t receive traditional engineering education．．．可知，尽管他很小且没受过传统的工科教育，但是这没有“阻止”他想帮助社区解决当地问题的梦想。
6．A．reused B．created
C．repaired D．mixed
B 解析：根据上下文可知，十三岁时，Kelvin Doe终于“自制”了一台发电机。
7．A．recycled B．divided
C．stolen D．borrowed
A 解析：根据上文中的rubbish dumps(垃圾场) for small electronics parts可知，电池和发电机是用他在家周围或垃圾场“回收”来的材料制成的。
8．A．warm-hearted B．easy-going
C．hard-working D．self-taught
D 解析：根据上文中的didn’t receive traditional engineering education可知，Kelvin Doe 完全是一个“自学”成才的工程师。
9．A．action B．guidance
C．control D．name
D 解析：根据下文中的They call me DJ Focus．可知，他用回收的材料搭建了一个无线电台设备，并且以DJ Focus的“名字”向当地社区播放新闻和音乐。
10．A．employed B．served
C．regarded D．treated
A 解析：根据下文中的．．．as workers in the station．可知，他“雇用”他的朋友当电台的工作人员。
11．A．wish B．believe
C．predict D．worry
B 解析：根据上文中的I am confident．可知，Kelvin Doe很自信，并一直“相信”如果自己专注，肯定会完成看似不可能的事情。
12．A．impossible B．imperfect
C．unreasonable D．unfinished
A 解析：根据语境可知，Kelvin Doe一直相信如果自己专注，肯定会完成似乎“不可能的”事情。
13．A．already B．just
C．never D．always
C 解析：根据下文中的．．．been more than 10 miles from his home in Freetown until he attended a national invention competition．可知，他“从未”离家超过十英里，直到参加了全国性的发明比赛。
14．A．discovered B．educated
C．saved D．introduced
A 解析：根据语境可知，这场比赛中，麻省理工学院“发现”了这个聪明的男孩。
15．A．suggestions B．skills
C．goals D．experiences
B 解析：根据语境可知，David Sengeh立即看出Kelvin Doe不可多得的“技能”。
16．A．true B．encouraging
C．tragic D．amusing
B 解析：根据上下文的内容可知，Kelvin Doe的故事非常“鼓舞人心”。
17．A．sold B．researched
C．recognized D．needed
D 解析：根据上文可知，Kelvin Doe自制发电机是因为他“需要”它。
18．A．performances B．advertisements
C．words D．expressions
C 解析：根据上文中的Doe said in a YouTube video以及下文中的．．．in the YouTube video．．．可知，这里指Kelvin Doe在YouTube视频中所说的“话”。
19．A．expectation B．impression
C．influence D．pressure
C 解析：根据语境可知，Kelvin Doe在YouTube视频中所说的话对David Sengeh以及全世界千百万的人都有着很大的“影响”。
20．A．beside B．against
C．for D．like
D 解析：根据语境可知，在塞拉利昂，其他年轻人突然觉得他们也可以“像”Kelvin Doe一样。
Section Ⅱ Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking
—Language Points
puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑
(教材P40)Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle．
了解一点英国历史将有助于你解决这个难题。
(1)be in a puzzle 感到困惑
be a puzzle to sb． 对某人来说是个谜
(2)puzzle about/over 苦苦思考
(3)puzzled adj． 困惑的，迷惑不解的
puzzling adj． 令人迷惑不解的
①What puzzled me was how the accident could have happened．
令我感到困惑的这个事故是怎么发生的。
②I’m in a puzzle as to how to get along with him．
对如何和他相处使我感到困惑。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①You must have been troubled by when to say “I love you” because it is one of the greatest puzzles(puzzle) in our life．
②Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me．
③These scientists have been puzzling about/over how to solve the environmental problem．
④The puzzled look on her face suggested she was puzzling over the puzzling maths problem．(puzzle)
join...to... 把……和……连接或联结起来
(教材P40)In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England．
16世纪，附近的威尔士并入英格兰王国。
(1)join the army/club 参军/加入俱乐部
join in 参加(比赛、活动等)
(2)connect．．．with．．． 把……和……联系起来
①The island, joined to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go．
岛上有一座桥与大陆相连，去那里很方便。
②People all over the world usually connect China with silk and good food．
世界各地的人们通常把中国与丝绸和美食联系在一起。
[链接写作]——完成句子
①It is said that more than two hundred students have joined_in_the_discussion(参加讨论)．
②As far as I know, it is five years since he joined_the_army(参军)．
break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛；逃脱
(教材P40)Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland．
最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离英国，这导致了我们今天有的英国的全名：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
break down 损坏；发生故障；分解；累垮
break into 破门而入
break out (战争)爆发；(火灾)突然发生
break up 结束；破裂
①However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government．
然而，爱尔兰的南部不愿意组建联合王国，它分离出去并建立了自己的政府。
②It took great courage to break away from his family at that time．
在那时与家庭决裂需要勇气。
[即学即练]——用break的相关短语填空
①If you go on working like that, you will break_down sooner or later．
②A fire broke_out in this hotel last night and three people were killed．
③With so many problems unsettled, a few countries wanted to break_away_from_the Union．
④In my opinion，marriage based on money is likely to break_up．
belong to 属于
(教材P40)The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas．
属于英国的四个国家在某些领域进行合作。
(1)belong to 表示“属于”，不能用于进行时态和被动语态
(2)belongings n． 财产，所有物
①No matter what happens, Taiwan belongs to China．
不论发生什么事情，台湾都属于中国。
②Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future belongs to the well-educated．
威廉姆教授一直告诫他的学生们未来属于受过良好教育的人。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①As is known to us, China is a country belonging(belong) to the third world．
②My friend will help you move your belongings(belong) to your new house．
[链接写作]——完成句子
③(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)剪纸有1 500多年的历史，属于中国的传统艺术。
Paper-cutting has a history of over 1，500 years, which_belongs_to traditional art in China．
belong to中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；作后置定语时，形式为“．．．belonging to”。
defence n．防御；保卫
(经典佳句)In defence of our motherland, a large number of people lost their lives．
为了保卫我们的祖国，许多人失去了生命。
(1)in defence (of．．．) 为了保卫(……)
(2)defend vt． 保护；保卫；为……辩护
defend．．．from/against．．． 防御；保卫……以免受……
①All the people were fighting against the flood in defence of their own homes．
为了保卫自己的家园，所有的人都在与洪水作斗争。
②He has employed one of the U．K．’s top lawyers to defend him．
他请了英国一位顶尖律师为他辩护。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Some think that students should be trained to_defend(defend) themselves against some attacks．
②The monument is in memory of the soldiers who died in defence(defend) of their country．
③When a dog attacked me, I picked up a stick to defend myself (I)．
surround vt.围绕；包围
(教材P40)Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history．
几乎无论你走到英国的任何地方，你都会发现历史上有四种不同的人在不同的时期统治过英国。
(1)surround．．．with．．． 用……包围……
be surrounded with/by．．． 被……包围/环绕
(2)surrounding adj． 周围的；附近的
(3)surroundings n． 环境；周边事物(复数)
①The professor likes to surround himself with his students．
那位教授喜欢和他的学生们在一起。
②The small village is surrounded with green mountains and clear rivers, attracting visitors from every corner．
青山绿水环抱着村寨，吸引着各方来客。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Surrounded(surround) by the forest, the village looks very beautiful．
②Living in beautiful and comfortable surroundings(surround), we feel very happy．
③They all went out to look for the lost child in the surrounding(surround) villages．
evidence n．证据；证明
(经典佳句)There is now convincing evidence that smoking causes lung cancer．
现在有令人信服的证据证明吸烟导致肺癌。
(1)There is some evidence that．．． 有证据证明……
(2)evident adj． 明显的，明白的
It’s evident that．．． 很明显……
①Modern science has given clear evidence that smoking can lead to many diseases．
现代科学对吸烟能导致多种疾病已经给出了明确的证据。
②It is evident that the man is highly thought of in the company．
很显然，这个人在公司里受到高度评价。
[链接写作]——完成句子
有证据显示，进行户外活动对我们有好处。
There’s_some_evidence_that outdoor activities are good for us．
achievement n．成就；成绩；达到
(教材P40)Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads．
他们的一些伟大成就包括建设城镇和道路。
(1)a sense of achievement 成就感
make an achievement 取得成就
(2)achieve vt． 完成；达到
vi． 成功
achieve one’s goal 达到目标
①Even a small success can give you a sense of achievement．
即便是小小的成功也能给你一种成就感。
②His laziness makes it impossible for him to achieve his goal．
他的懒惰使他不可能达到目标。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The woman scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics for those great achievements(achieve) made by her．
②We’ve had a good start, but more work needs to be done to_achieve(achieve) the final success．
if条件状语从句的省略形式
(教材P40)So what is the difference between them, if any?
如果有的话，那么它们之间有什么区别呢？
if any 如果有的话
if so 如果这样的话
if not 如果不这样的话
if necessary 如果有必要的话
if possible 如果有可能的话
①There maybe some mistakes in my composition．If any, please help me point them out．
我的作文可能有些错误。如果有的话，请帮我指出来。
②Did you cheat in the exam? If so, you won’t get away with it．
你在考试中作弊了吗？如果这样的话，你将不会逃脱惩罚。
[链接写作]——完成句子
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)我是李华，我想知道周末你是否有空。如果有空咱们面谈有关餐桌礼仪的问题。
I’m Li Hua．I’m wondering if you are available at the weekend．If_so,_let’s_have_a_face_to_face_talk_about table manners．
as well as既……又……，连接并列成分
(教材P40)They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence．
他们使用同一面国旗，也就是英国国旗，也拥有同样的货币和国防。
(1)known as the Union Jack为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词flag；
(2)as well as既……又……，可连接两个平行结构。动词形式与as well as之前的主语一致；
(3)as well as连接并列主语时谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
①Yang Liwei, known as the first Chinese astronaut to go to space, is regarded as a national hero． 杨利伟，作为中国第一个进入太空的宇航员，被认为是国家英雄。
②My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing．
我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Great scientific achievements will have a positive effect on our life as well as society．
②(2019·天津卷)Amy, as well as her brothers, was_given(give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week．
the way后省略that/in which的定语从句
(教材P40)They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses．
他们介绍了英语的起源，改变了人们建造房屋的方式。
(1)句中定语从句people built houses修饰先行词the way，其前省略了关系词that/in which；
(2)the way作先行词，如果在定语从句中作主语，引导词为that/which且不能省略；
(3)the way作先行词，如果在定语从句中作宾语，引导词为that/which且可以省略。
①The students didn’t understand the way(that/in which) the maths teacher solved the problem．
学生们没有理解数学老师解答该题的方法。
②I’d like to settle the problem in a way which/that is peaceful．
我想用和平的方法解决这个问题。
[链接写作]——一句多译
我不喜欢她跟你讲话的方式。
①I don’t like the_way_she_speaks_to you．
②I don’t like the_way_in_which_she_speaks_to you．(in which引导的定语从句)
③I don’t like the_way_that_she_speaks_to you．(that引导的定语从句)
品句填词
1．As the old saying goes, “Together, individuals(个人) can make a difference．”
2．The United Kingdom(王国) of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is made up of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland．
3．He works as a chief(主要的) editor in China Daily．
4．The country needs a defence(防御) capability as insurance against the unexpected．
5．My mother works in a nearby(附近的) company and she usually walks home．
6．The location(位置) of the Arts Theatre was considered a poor area of town．
7．They were unwilling to accept the fact that their son died in the battle(战斗，战役)．
8．As is known to us, Qingdao is a beautiful port(港口) city with a long history．
9．As is known to all, China has made great achievements(成就) during the past decades．
10．Tim’s puzzled(困惑的) expression suggested that he didn’t understand what they had said．
完成句子/一句多译
1．在过去的几年里，中国在环保方面取得了巨大成就。
In the last few years, China has made_great_achievements_in_environmental_protection．
2．我们可以更多地了解伟人的生活以及其他国家的历史和文化。
We can know more about the life of great people as_well_as_history_and_cultures_of other countries．
3．著名科学家袁隆平于2019年9月29日被授予共和国勋章。
Yuan Longping, known_as_a_famous_scientist,_was awarded National Medals on September 29th, 2019．
4．保持环境清洁无污染是使人们生活健康的关键一步。
Keeping_the_environment_clean_and_free_of_pollution is the key step to make life healthy．
5．温哥华是加拿大最温暖、最美丽的城市。它被群山和太平洋环绕。
(1)Vancouver is Canada’s warmest and most beautiful city．It is_surrounded_by_mountains_and_the_Pacific_Ocean．
(2)Vancouver is Canada’s warmest and most beautiful city, which_is_surrounded_by_mountains_and_the_Pacific_Ocean．(合并升级为定语从句)
课文语法填空
Studying British history can help you understand 1．what the United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England mean．In the 16th century, Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England．In the 18th century, Scotland was joined 2．to_create (create) the Kingdom of Great Britain．In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland．However, the southern part of Ireland broke 3．away_from the UK, which resulted 4．in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland．
Although the four countries work together in some areas, they still have some 5．differences(different)．The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, 6．which can help you understand much more about the country and 7．its(it) traditions．No matter where you go in the UK, you will 8．be_surrounded(surround) by evidence that four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history．Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more 9．enjoyable(enjoy)．The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old 10．traditions(tradition)．
单句语法填空
1．When he woke up, he found himself surrounded(surround) by some doctors．
2．If you continue to do illegal(legal) things, you will end up in prison sooner or later．
3．I am quite confused(confuse) by Chinese table manners．I’d appreciate it if you could give me some tips on how to behave properly at a dinner party．
4．As well as studying(study) English at school，Alice taught herself Japanese at home．
5．She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence(defend)．
6．There is evidence(evident) that Beijing Man used fire to cook food．
7．He passed the college entrance examination, which made his parents very proud．
8．There is so much more to_learn(learn) about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom．
9．He was very upset(upset) because his pen pal didn’t reply to his letters in time．
10．Have you ever belonged(belong) to a political party?
阅读理解
A
Ottawa is the capital of Canada．It is the second largest city in Ontario and the fourth largest city in the country．
The Centre Block is the main building on Parliament Hill(国会山)．It is also the location of several ceremonial spaces, such as the Hall of Honor and the Memorial Chamber．The present Centre Block is the second iteration of the building, after the first was destroyed by fire in 1916, and it is one of the most recognizable buildings in Canada．
Downtown Ottawa is the commercial and economic centre of the city．Most of the buildings are office towers．While most of Ottawa’s high tech industry is based elsewhere, it has a significant presence in the downtown core．The downtown also contains a number of apartments, hotels, and the older single family homes and townhouses along its edges．
The National Gallery of Canada is one of Canada’s premier art galleries．The Gallery has a large and varied collection of paintings, drawings, sculpture and photographs．Although its focus is on Canadian art, it also holds works by some noted American and European artists．
The Rideau Canal is the oldest continuously operated canal system in North America．At the very beginning, the purpose of the Rideau Canal was military, as it was intended to provide a secure supply and communication route between Montreal and the British naval base in Kingston．It remains in use today primarily for pleasure boating, with most of its original structures undamaged．The locks on the system open for navigation in mid-May and close in mid-October．
【解题导语】 文章描写了加拿大渥太华著名的几处地方，并分别对这几处地方进行了详细的说明。
1．The underlined word “iteration” in the 2nd paragraph probably means “________”．
A．repair B．design
C．copy D．landmark
C 解析：词义猜测题。从第二段The present Centre Block is the second iteration of the building, after the first was destroyed by fire in 1916可知，现如今的中央街区是重新翻修的，以前的那一座在1916年的大火中被毁坏了。所以iteration的意思相当于copy，复制品。故选C。
2．In the core of Downtown Ottawa, we could see________．
A．a large number of tall towers
B．head offices of Ottawa’s high tech industry
C．a number of apartments and hotels
D．the older single family homes and townhouses
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的Most of the buildings are office towers．While most of Ottawa’s high tech industry is based elsewhere, it has a significant presence in the downtown core．可知在渥太华的市中心都是办公大楼，而且主要是高科技行业的办公大楼。
3．Collections in the National Gallery of Canada are mainly________．
A．paintings and drawings
B．sculpture and photographs
C．works by Canadian artists
D．artwork by Americans and Europeans
C 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的The Gallery has a large and varied．．．Although its focus is on Canadian art, it also holds works by some noted American and European artists．可知，主要收藏的是各种各样的画以及雕像、照片。它主要是收藏加拿大人的艺术作品，同时也收藏一些著名的美国人和欧洲人的作品，故选C。
4．Which of the following is TRUE about the Rideau Canal?
A．It is the oldest canal system in North America．
B．It was originally for the military purpose．
C．The original structures remain never changed．
D．People can only go boating from May to October．
B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的At the very beginning, the purpose of the Rideau Canal was military可知，最初的目的是军事目的。
B
You’ll be likely to become angry if you don’t get a good night’s sleep, a new paper reports．Cutting a few hours of sleep out of your schedule isn’t as good an idea as it may appear．Researchers at the Iowa State University report that missing sleep will make you angrier, leaving you ill-equipped to deal with uneasy situations．This is one of the first studies to provide evidence that sleep loss causes anger．
The link between lack(短缺)of sleep and negative moods (anger included) has been proved in past research, but the problem is that we know that the two come together, but not that whether one causes the other．In the current study, Krizan and co-author Garrett Hisler, an ISU doctoral student, deal with this question．
Under the study, volunteers were divided into two groups．The control group followed their normal sleep routine, while the experimental group cut two to four hours of sleep each night for two nights．On average, the control group got almost seven hours of sleep a night, while the experimental group got about four and a half hours each night．
In order to measure anger, they had volunteers visit the lab before and after the sleep manipulation(操纵)．All the while, they were asked to listen to some unpleasant brown and white noise．Krizan says the purpose was to create uncomfortable conditions．
“In general, anger was much higher for those whose sleep was restricted(限制)，”Krizan said．“We manipulated how unpleasant the noise was during the task．As expected, volunteers reported more anger when the noise was more unpleasant．When sleep was restricted, people reported even more anger, regardless of the noise．”
Sleep loss is known to increase negative moods, such as anxiety and sadness, and decrease positive moods, such as happiness and excitement．However, the team says they found that sleep loss uniquely affected anger．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。大家都知道睡眠不足和坏情绪之间有联系，但是之前的研究都没有表明到底是睡眠不足引起了愤怒，还是愤怒引起了睡眠不足。最新的一项研究给出了答案。
5．What did the study mentioned find out?
A．Some disadvantages of sleeping less．
B．Some signs of having poor-quality sleep．
C．The link between lack of sleep and negative moods．
D．The cause-effect relationship between sleep loss and anger．
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的This is one of the first studies to provide evidence that sleep loss causes anger．以及第二段内容可知，文中提到的这项研究是发现了睡眠不足和怒气之间的因果关系。
6．What’s the purpose of asking the volunteers to listen to unpleasant noise?
A．To make them angry．
B．To make them awake．
C．To take their attention away．
D．To affect their thinking ability．
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的In order to measure anger 和Krizan says the purpose was to create uncomfortable conditions．以及后面的实验结果可推测，这个实验中的噪音主要是想提供一个令人不舒服的环境，激起志愿者们的怒气。
7．From what Krizan said, we know ________．
A．the reasons for the study
B．the findings of the study
C．the process of the study
D．the method used in the study
B 解析：推理判断题。从倒数第二段Krizan说的话中，我们可以知道关于这项研究的一些发现。
七选五
Air pollution, as we know today, started with the Industrial Revolution in Europe in the 19th century．In the last few decades, it has become the major problem of our environment．1．________ It may also cause harm to other living things such as animals and food crops．
Our modern life style has led to dirtier air over the years．Factories, vehicles of all kinds, and the growing number of people are the things that are responsible for air pollution today．2．________ Forest fires and dust storms can also lead to the pollution of the atmosphere．
There are two types of ozone(臭氧) that we know of．3．________ But on the ground, people produce ozone, too．Traffic and factories cause ground ozone．It is especially dangerous for children and older people．
4．________ Choosing other forms of energy, like solar energy or wind energy could be helpful in controlling pollution．Cities like London have shown that better air quality can be achieved in a short time．
Smog is a combination of smoke and fog(雾)．During the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, thousands of people died in London every year．However, a lot has been done to prevent smog recently．Factories use coal that doesn’t have much harmful material in it．And cars are much cleaner today．5．________
A．But not all pollution in the air is caused by humans．
B．We students can also help make the air around us cleaner!
C．The job of cleaning up our air is difficult but not impossible．
D．Actually, natural ozone is in the upper part of our atmosphere．
E．It may cause some serious diseases and even death for humans．
F．In some cities, cars are not even allowed to drive on smog days．
G．Both human activity and natural processes can create air pollution．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了大气污染的危害、形成原因，以及应对它的一些方法。
1．E 解析：此空设于段中，与上文存在逻辑上的指代关系。本句中的It 指代的是第一句中提到的Air pollution。 根据后一句中的It may also cause ．．．也可推出此句是要指出大气污染的一些危害。
2．A 解析：此空设于段中，是一个过渡句。本空前一句指出的都是由于人类的一些活动而导致的大气污染，而空格后面的Forest fires and dust storms 都是自然灾害引起的大气污染，所以可推出此空承上启下，指出不是所有的大气污染都是由人类引起的。
3．D 解析：此空设于段中，是对首句的进一步解释说明。首句提出，我们所知道的有两种臭氧，此句和后一句都是对这两种臭氧的进一步解释，即天然臭氧处于大气层的上部，而人类在地面上也会产生臭氧。
4．C 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。本段后面的内容都是围绕空气是可以被净化的这一说法而展开的。
5．F 解析：此空设于段尾，是对本段第三句的进一步具体解释。第三句提出，最近针对雾霾已经出现了很多措施，工厂用的煤含有很少的有害物质，汽车也变得更清洁了，甚至在雾霾天，一些城市都不允许汽车出行。
课件38张PPT。UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．As the old saying goes, “Together, individuals(个人) can make a difference．”
2．The United Kingdom(王国) of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is made up of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland．
3．He works as a chief(主要的) editor in China Daily．
4．The country needs a defence(防御) capability as insurance against the unexpected．
5．My mother works in a nearby(附近的) company and she usually walks home．
6．The location(位置) of the Arts Theatre was considered a poor area of town．
7．They were unwilling to accept the fact that their son died in the battle(战斗，战役)．
8．As is known to us, Qingdao is a beautiful port(港口) city with a long history．
9．As is known to all, China has made great achievements(成就) during the past decades．
10．Tim’s puzzled(困惑的) expression suggested that he didn’t understand what they had said．
完成句子/一句多译
1．在过去的几年里，中国在环保方面取得了巨大成就。
In the last few years, China has made_great_achievements_in_environmental_protection．
2．我们可以更多地了解伟人的生活以及其他国家的历史和文化。
We can know more about the life of great people as_well_as_history_and_cultures_of other countries．
3．著名科学家袁隆平于2019年9月29日被授予共和国勋章。
Yuan Longping, known_as_a_famous_scientist,_was awarded National Medals on September 29th, 2019．
4．保持环境清洁无污染是使人们生活健康的关键一步。
Keeping_the_environment_clean_and_free_of_pollution is the key step to make life healthy．
5．温哥华是加拿大最温暖、最美丽的城市。它被群山和太平洋环绕。
(1)Vancouver is Canada’s warmest and most beautiful city．It is_surrounded_by_mountains_and_the_Pacific_Ocean．
(2)Vancouver is Canada’s warmest and most beautiful city, which_is_surrounded_by_mountains_and_the_Pacific_Ocean．(合并升级为定语从句)
课文语法填空
Studying British history can help you understand 1．what the United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England mean．In the 16th century, Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England．In the 18th century, Scotland was joined 2．to_create (create) the Kingdom of Great Britain．In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland．However, the southern part of Ireland broke 3．away_from the UK, which resulted 4．in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland．
Although the four countries work together in some areas, they still have some 5．differences(different)．The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, 6．which can help you understand much more about the country and 7．its(it) traditions．No matter where you go in the UK, you will 8．be_surrounded(surround) by evidence that four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history．Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more 9．enjoyable(enjoy)．The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old 10．traditions(tradition)．
单句语法填空
1．When he woke up, he found himself surrounded(surround) by some doctors．
2．If you continue to do illegal(legal) things, you will end up in prison sooner or later．
3．I am quite confused(confuse) by Chinese table manners．I’d appreciate it if you could give me some tips on how to behave properly at a dinner party．
4．As well as studying(study) English at school，Alice taught herself Japanese at home．
5．She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence(defend)．
6．There is evidence(evident) that Beijing Man used fire to cook food．
7．He passed the college entrance examination, which made his parents very proud．
8．There is so much more to_learn(learn) about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom．
9．He was very upset(upset) because his pen pal didn’t reply to his letters in time．
10．Have you ever belonged(belong) to a political party?
阅读理解
A
Ottawa is the capital of Canada．It is the second largest city in Ontario and the fourth largest city in the country．
The Centre Block is the main building on Parliament Hill(国会山)．It is also the location of several ceremonial spaces, such as the Hall of Honor and the Memorial Chamber．The present Centre Block is the second iteration of the building, after the first was destroyed by fire in 1916, and it is one of the most recognizable buildings in Canada．
Downtown Ottawa is the commercial and economic centre of the city．Most of the buildings are office towers．While most of Ottawa’s high tech industry is based elsewhere, it has a significant presence in the downtown core．The downtown also contains a number of apartments, hotels, and the older single family homes and townhouses along its edges．
The National Gallery of Canada is one of Canada’s premier art galleries．The Gallery has a large and varied collection of paintings, drawings, sculpture and photographs．Although its focus is on Canadian art, it also holds works by some noted American and European artists．
The Rideau Canal is the oldest continuously operated canal system in North America．At the very beginning, the purpose of the Rideau Canal was military, as it was intended to provide a secure supply and communication route between Montreal and the British naval base in Kingston．It remains in use today primarily for pleasure boating, with most of its original structures undamaged．The locks on the system open for navigation in mid-May and close in mid-October．
【解题导语】 文章描写了加拿大渥太华著名的几处地方，并分别对这几处地方进行了详细的说明。
1．The underlined word “iteration” in the 2nd paragraph probably means “________”．
A．repair B．design
C．copy D．landmark
C 解析：词义猜测题。从第二段The present Centre Block is the second iteration of the building, after the first was destroyed by fire in 1916可知，现如今的中央街区是重新翻修的，以前的那一座在1916年的大火中被毁坏了。所以iteration的意思相当于copy，复制品。故选C。
2．In the core of Downtown Ottawa, we could see________．
A．a large number of tall towers
B．head offices of Ottawa’s high tech industry
C．a number of apartments and hotels
D．the older single family homes and townhouses
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的Most of the buildings are office towers．While most of Ottawa’s high tech industry is based elsewhere, it has a significant presence in the downtown core．可知在渥太华的市中心都是办公大楼，而且主要是高科技行业的办公大楼。
3．Collections in the National Gallery of Canada are mainly________．
A．paintings and drawings
B．sculpture and photographs
C．works by Canadian artists
D．artwork by Americans and Europeans
C 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的The Gallery has a large and varied．．．Although its focus is on Canadian art, it also holds works by some noted American and European artists．可知，主要收藏的是各种各样的画以及雕像、照片。它主要是收藏加拿大人的艺术作品，同时也收藏一些著名的美国人和欧洲人的作品，故选C。
4．Which of the following is TRUE about the Rideau Canal?
A．It is the oldest canal system in North America．
B．It was originally for the military purpose．
C．The original structures remain never changed．
D．People can only go boating from May to October．
B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的At the very beginning, the purpose of the Rideau Canal was military可知，最初的目的是军事目的。
B
You’ll be likely to become angry if you don’t get a good night’s sleep, a new paper reports．Cutting a few hours of sleep out of your schedule isn’t as good an idea as it may appear．Researchers at the Iowa State University report that missing sleep will make you angrier, leaving you ill-equipped to deal with uneasy situations．This is one of the first studies to provide evidence that sleep loss causes anger．
The link between lack(短缺)of sleep and negative moods (anger included) has been proved in past research, but the problem is that we know that the two come together, but not that whether one causes the other．In the current study, Krizan and co-author Garrett Hisler, an ISU doctoral student, deal with this question．
Under the study, volunteers were divided into two groups．The control group followed their normal sleep routine, while the experimental group cut two to four hours of sleep each night for two nights．On average, the control group got almost seven hours of sleep a night, while the experimental group got about four and a half hours each night．
In order to measure anger, they had volunteers visit the lab before and after the sleep manipulation(操纵)．All the while, they were asked to listen to some unpleasant brown and white noise．Krizan says the purpose was to create uncomfortable conditions．
“In general, anger was much higher for those whose sleep was restricted(限制)，”Krizan said．“We manipulated how unpleasant the noise was during the task．As expected, volunteers reported more anger when the noise was more unpleasant．When sleep was restricted, people reported even more anger, regardless of the noise．”
Sleep loss is known to increase negative moods, such as anxiety and sadness, and decrease positive moods, such as happiness and excitement．However, the team says they found that sleep loss uniquely affected anger．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。大家都知道睡眠不足和坏情绪之间有联系，但是之前的研究都没有表明到底是睡眠不足引起了愤怒，还是愤怒引起了睡眠不足。最新的一项研究给出了答案。
5．What did the study mentioned find out?
A．Some disadvantages of sleeping less．
B．Some signs of having poor-quality sleep．
C．The link between lack of sleep and negative moods．
D．The cause-effect relationship between sleep loss and anger．
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的This is one of the first studies to provide evidence that sleep loss causes anger．以及第二段内容可知，文中提到的这项研究是发现了睡眠不足和怒气之间的因果关系。
6．What’s the purpose of asking the volunteers to listen to unpleasant noise?
A．To make them angry．
B．To make them awake．
C．To take their attention away．
D．To affect their thinking ability．
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的In order to measure anger 和Krizan says the purpose was to create uncomfortable conditions．以及后面的实验结果可推测，这个实验中的噪音主要是想提供一个令人不舒服的环境，激起志愿者们的怒气。
7．From what Krizan said, we know ________．
A．the reasons for the study
B．the findings of the study
C．the process of the study
D．the method used in the study
B 解析：推理判断题。从倒数第二段Krizan说的话中，我们可以知道关于这项研究的一些发现。
七选五
Air pollution, as we know today, started with the Industrial Revolution in Europe in the 19th century．In the last few decades, it has become the major problem of our environment．1．________ It may also cause harm to other living things such as animals and food crops．
Our modern life style has led to dirtier air over the years．Factories, vehicles of all kinds, and the growing number of people are the things that are responsible for air pollution today．2．________ Forest fires and dust storms can also lead to the pollution of the atmosphere．
There are two types of ozone(臭氧) that we know of．3．________ But on the ground, people produce ozone, too．Traffic and factories cause ground ozone．It is especially dangerous for children and older people．
4．________ Choosing other forms of energy, like solar energy or wind energy could be helpful in controlling pollution．Cities like London have shown that better air quality can be achieved in a short time．
Smog is a combination of smoke and fog(雾)．During the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, thousands of people died in London every year．However, a lot has been done to prevent smog recently．Factories use coal that doesn’t have much harmful material in it．And cars are much cleaner today．5．________
A．But not all pollution in the air is caused by humans．
B．We students can also help make the air around us cleaner!
C．The job of cleaning up our air is difficult but not impossible．
D．Actually, natural ozone is in the upper part of our atmosphere．
E．It may cause some serious diseases and even death for humans．
F．In some cities, cars are not even allowed to drive on smog days．
G．Both human activity and natural processes can create air pollution．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了大气污染的危害、形成原因，以及应对它的一些方法。
1．E 解析：此空设于段中，与上文存在逻辑上的指代关系。本句中的It 指代的是第一句中提到的Air pollution。 根据后一句中的It may also cause ．．．也可推出此句是要指出大气污染的一些危害。
2．A 解析：此空设于段中，是一个过渡句。本空前一句指出的都是由于人类的一些活动而导致的大气污染，而空格后面的Forest fires and dust storms 都是自然灾害引起的大气污染，所以可推出此空承上启下，指出不是所有的大气污染都是由人类引起的。
3．D 解析：此空设于段中，是对首句的进一步解释说明。首句提出，我们所知道的有两种臭氧，此句和后一句都是对这两种臭氧的进一步解释，即天然臭氧处于大气层的上部，而人类在地面上也会产生臭氧。
4．C 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。本段后面的内容都是围绕空气是可以被净化的这一说法而展开的。
5．F 解析：此空设于段尾，是对本段第三句的进一步具体解释。第三句提出，最近针对雾霾已经出现了很多措施，工厂用的煤含有很少的有害物质，汽车也变得更清洁了，甚至在雾霾天，一些城市都不允许汽车出行。
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
过去分词作定语和宾补
1．(教材P41)They had castles built(build) all around England, and made changes to the legal system．
2．(教材P42)They use the same flag, known(know) as the Union Jack，．．．
3．(教材P42)Judy and I had our car parked(park) in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged(charge)．
过去分词作定语时的意义
1．及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表示时间性。
◆Our teacher watched us doing the experiment and gave us a satisfied smile at last． 我们的老师看着我们做实验，最后给了我们一个满意的微笑。
◆The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon．
会上提出的计划将很快被执行。
2．不及物动词的过去分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。
◆Many little kids like gathering fallen leaves in the yard．
许多小孩子喜欢在庭院里收集落叶。
◆The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning．
早上已升起的太阳正明亮地闪耀着。
【典例1】 (2019·北京卷)Earth Day, ____________(mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection．
解析：句意：地球日在4月22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度事件。mark在这里是“庆祝，纪念(重要事件)”之意，是及物动词，Earth Day与之是被动关系，此处的字面意思是“地球日在4月22日被庆祝”，故用过去分词短语作定语。
答案：marked
过去分词作定语时的位置
1．前置定语
一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。
◆The polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera．
被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。
◆We needed much more qualified workers．
我们需要更多的合格的工人。
有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也可放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。
◆There are few tigers left．It is time for the departments concerned to take measures to protect them from dying out．
剩余的老虎不多了，是相关当局采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。
2．后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
◆He is a teacher loved by his students．
他是一位受学生爱戴的老师。
◆The book published ten years ago is still a best-seller today．
十年前出版的这本书现在仍然是一本畅销书。
3．过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别
意义
形式
语态
时态
过去分词
被动
完成
现在分词
主动
进行
◆As we all know, China is a developing country．
众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。
◆The visitor is from a developed country．
这位游客来自一个发达国家。
4．过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别
意义
形式
语态
时态
done
被动
完成
being done
被动
进行
to be done
被动
尚未发生
◆The building built last year is our classroom building．
去年建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。
◆The building being built now is our classroom building．
现在正在建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。
◆The building to be built next month is our classroom building．
下个月将要建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。
常见的过去分词作宾语补足语的情况
1．过去分词用在表状态的动词keep, leave等词的后面作宾语补足语。
◆He passed away, leaving his works unfinished．
他去世了，留下他的著作还未完成。
◆Don’t keep your mouth shut when I ask you a question．
当我问你问题时不要闭口不语。
2．过去分词用在使役动词have/get和make的后面作宾语补足语。
(1)“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”表示“让别人做某事”。
◆He wants to have/get his eyes examined tomorrow．
他明天想去检查眼睛。
◆Jenny hopes that Mr．Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English improved in a short period．
珍妮希望史密斯先生会建议一个好的方法以使她的英语写作在短期内得到提升。
(2)在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词表示结果。
◆They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English．
他们用很浅易的英语来设法使自己被理解。
3．感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
◆When we saw the road blocked with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home．
当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。
◆The next morning people found the world outside their houses completely changed．
第二天早上，人们发现他们房子外面的世界全变了样。
4．表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如like, want, wish, expect, order等可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
◆The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week．
经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。
5．过去分词用在“with＋宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
◆With every problem settled, he began to think of a journey． 每一个问题解决后，他开始考虑旅行。
【典例2】 (2018·天津卷)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ____________(take)．
解析：句意：我需要一个新护照，因此我得照张相。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。宾语my photograph与take之间为被动关系，且表示让他人去做这件事，因此用过去分词作宾补。
答案：taken
非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区别
1．感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel等的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以hear为例)：
hear＋宾语＋
◆I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday．
昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。(主动、正在进行)
◆I heard her sing an English song just now．
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动、完成)
◆To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible．
为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地听英语。(被动、无时间性)
2．使役动词make, have, get, keep后加复合宾语的比较：
(1)make＋宾语＋
◆The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face． 这令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么可怕的问题。
◆He spoke slowly and clearly so that he could make himself understood．
他说得又慢又清楚以便使自己被理解。
(2)have＋宾语＋
◆Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt．
妈妈让我去商店买些食盐。
◆He had us laughing all through the meal．
整顿饭下来他让我们笑个不停。
◆My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month．
上个月，我姐姐的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。
(3)get＋宾语＋
◆He got me to post the letter for him．
他让我替他寄信。
◆The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest．
休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。
◆I’ll get my cellphone repaired tomorrow．
我明天要(请人)修一下我的手机。
(4)keep＋宾语＋
◆I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long．
对不起，让你久等了。
◆She kept her eyes shut and stayed where she was．
她紧闭双眼，待在原地未动。
【典例3】 (2019·陕西期末)Today, you can find a statue of John Harvard ____________(stand) in front of the University Hall in Harvard Yard，and it is perhaps the University’s best known landmark．
解析：句意：今天，你可以在哈佛广场的大学礼堂前找到一尊站立着的John Harvard的雕像，这也许是这所大学最著名的地标。a statue of John Harvard和动词stand之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作宾语补足语。
答案：standing
单句语法填空
1．We see an old man sweeping the fallen(fall) leaves every morning when we pass the post office．
2．Our teacher was very worried because there was only a little time left(leave) for us to finish this task．
3．Generally speaking, the children brought(bring) up by grandparents tend to feel lonely sometimes．
4．It is amazing that he fell in love with the girl dressed(dress) in a red skirt at the first sight．
5．As is known to us all, Tsinghua University, founded(found) in 1911, is one of the top universities in the world．
6．There was an excited(excite) look on his face when the actress appeared．
7．The players selected(select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game．
8．They spent two hours discussing the plan designed(design) by the famous engineer．
9．The confused expression on his face suggested that he was not able to work out the confusing problem．(confuse)
10．The teacher wanted our compositions handed(hand) in after class．
11．I’d appreciate it if you could suggest a good way to get my English improved(improve) in a short period of time．
12．With all her business things arranged(arrange), Diana went on holiday．
13．The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself heard(hear)．
14．Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr．Lee was very happy to see his mother taken(take) good care of at home．
语法与写作
1．他们正在开会讨论这个人人都知道的严重问题。
They’re having a meeting to discuss the serious problem known_to_everybody．
2．为了解决这个问题，我们应该满足顾客提出的需求。
To solve the problem, we should meet the demand made_by_the_customers．
3．使他吃惊的是，他没有注意到钱包在公交车上被人偷了。
To his surprise, he didn’t notice_his_wallet_stolen on the bus．
4．在所有客人就座之前，你最好不要动所有的菜。
You’d better leave_all_the_dishes_untouched before all the guests are seated．
5．这位年轻女士发现她珍贵的项链丢了，很恼火。
The young lady was quite annoyed to find_her_valuable_necklace_lost．
6．这对夫妇看到女儿在这家新托儿所受到很好的照顾，感到很满意。
The couple felt very satisfied to see their daughter taken_good_care_of in the new nursery．
单句语法填空
1．Mr．Brown’s room, filled(fill) with all kinds of books, looks as if it is a small library．
2．To tell the truth, you must make every effort to improve your spoken(speak) English．
3．(2019·四川成都七中高一诊断)To his surprise, Jack found his son dressed(dress) as Santa Claus on Christmas Eve．
4．(2019·山西实验中学高一联考)I once found my cell phone missing(miss) during my stay in the city．
5．If you want to make yourself respected(respect), you are above all to respect yourself．
6．The student likes reading stories written(write) by the famous writer．
7．Many used(use) computers will be sold in this market．
8．Prices of daily goods bought(buy) through a computer can be lower than store prices．
9．Today, there are many people visiting(visit) the park every day．
10．We should pay attention to the physical and mental health problems caused_(cause) by a lack of sleep．
11．My cellphone has broken down and I have to get it repaired(repair) soon．
12．I was surprised(surprise) to find my hometown changed(change) so much．
13．John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work completed(complete), he gladly accepted it．
14．Don’t leave the water running(run) while you are brushing your teeth．
15．The yoga club, opened(open) last month in our school, is popular among women teachers．
阅读理解
The first people in Canada crossed the Bering Strait from Asia．In the north the Inuit lived by hunting seals, walruses(海象) and whales．They also hunted caribou(驯鹿)．On the west coast people hunted deer, bear and beaver．They also fished．On the plains people lived by hunting buffalo．In the east people grew crops of beans, squash, maize and sunflower seeds．
The first Europeans to reach Canada were the Vi-kings．In 986 a Viking called Bjarni Herjolfsson was blown off course by a storm and he spotted a new land．However he sailed away without landing．In 1001 a man named Leif Eriksson landed in the new land, which he named Vinland(it was part of Canada)．However Eriksson did not stay permanently．Later the Vikings did establish a colony in North America but they abandoned it because of conflict with the natives．
However after the Vikings Canada was forgotten until the end of the 15th century．In 1497 the English king Henry Ⅶ sent an Italian named John Cabot on an expedition across the Atlantic to Newfoundland．Cabot discovered rich fishing waters off the coast of Canada．
Then in 1534 and in 1535－1536 a Frenchman named Jacques Cartier(1491－1557) sailed on two expeditions to Canada．On 10 August 1535 (St Lawrence’s Day) he sailed into the St Lawrence River, which he named after the saint．
However no permanent European settlements were made in Canada until the early 17th century．In 1603 a Frenchman named Samuel de Champlain(1567－1635) sailed up the St Lawrence River．In 1604 he founded Port Royal in Acadia(Nova Scotia)．In 1608 Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec．(The name Quebec is believed to be an Algonquin word meaning a narrow part of a river．) In 1642 the French founded Montreal．The new colony in Canada was called New France．By 1685 the population of New France was about 10, 000．By 1740 it was 48, 000．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了加拿大人口的构成及城市逐渐形成的过程。
1．In which part of Canada did people grow crops?
A．In the north． B．In the east．
C．On the west coast． D．On the plains．
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句In the east people grew crops of beans, squash, maize and sunflower seeds．可知答案。
2．Who was the first European to reach Canada?
A．Leif Eriksson． B．Bjarni Herjolfsson．
C．John Cabot． D．Samuel de Champlain．
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段前两句The first Europeans to reach Canada．．．called Bjarni Herjolfsson was blown off course by a storm and he spotted a new land．可知，Bjarni Herjolfsson是最早来到加拿大的欧洲人。
3．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．Europeans set foot on Canada．
B．Europeans started expeditions．
C．Europeans fought against the natives．
D．Europeans began to make permanent settlements．
D 解析：段落大意题。文章最后一段第一句为该段的主题句。
4．What is the best title for the passage?
A．The Early History of Canada
B．The Languages of Canada
C．Europeans Started Expeditions
D．The War Between Europeans and Canadians
A 解析：标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了加拿大人口的构成及城市逐渐形成的过程。综合来看，文章讲述了加拿大早期的历史。
七选五
Rainbows(彩虹) are one of the most beautiful works that nature creates．1．________If you’ve ever seen one, consider yourself lucky．
Rainbows can be seen when light passes through raindrops, says Kristin Calhoun, a research scientist studying the conditions of weather．
When sunlight passes through raindrops, the light bends, as it enters a droplet．As it leaves the droplet, the light separates into different wavelengths(波长)．2．________ The seven colors—red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet—bend in seven different directions．Red light, for example, bends in a different way than violet light．3．________It also explains why rainbows look like an arc(弧)．Sometimes, however, rainbows can actually form a circle that you can see in a plane with the right conditions．
4．________“There is an even better chance when the sun is at a lower level, early or later in the day，” Calhoun says．And another key is to face the rain and have your back to the sun．
5．________“Small showers and storms often form in late afternoon in this area，”Calhoun says．“These types of showers often produce heavy rain, but remain isolated(孤立的) over the center of the island．”
A．There are lots of stories relating to rainbows．
B．Rainbows are created by light through raindrops．
C．And each wavelength appears as a different color．
D．With the conditions just right, Hawaii gets lots of rainbows．
E．The best time to catch a rainbow is when it’s sunny and raining．
F．But they can be seen only if you are in the right place at the right time．
G．This is why the person on the ground sees each color at a different location．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。彩虹是大自然最美的作品之一，在什么样的条件下才能欣赏到美丽的彩虹呢？
1．F 解析：上文Rainbows(彩虹) are one of the most beautiful works that nature creates．与F项内容形成转折关系，即彩虹虽然美丽，但人们必须在合适的时间和地点才能看见它。
2．C 解析：C项中的wavelength和color分别复现上文中的wavelengths和下文中的colors，起到承上启下的作用。
3．G 解析：上文中的The seven colors ．．．bend in seven different directions．Red light, for example, bends in a different way than violet light．与G项内容形成因果关系。
4．E 解析：本段涉及彩虹出现的天气条件，E项内容符合该话题；且E项中的sunny and raining与下文中的the sun和the rain 存在词汇复现关系。
5．D 解析：下文中的this area和the island指代D项中的Hawaii，本段说明夏威夷气象条件合适，因此经常出现彩虹。
语法填空
Winter in Quebec, Canada is very different from that in England．When I first arrived, I was 1．____________ (slight) worried about the winter．I couldn’t imagine 2．____________ it would be like to have 3 metres of snow and what on earth I was going to do when the weather was so bad．However, here, life goes on as usual．Trains and buses continue, and people socialise and even better．3．____________ number of new sports take over．
For me, skiing means downhill skiing, in ski resorts(度假胜地), with ski lifts taking you up the mountain．Before 4．____________(arrive), I did not know there were in fact different 5．____________(type) of skiing．Imagine a sunny but cold day, and you have taken a chairlift to the top of a mountain 6．____________(cover) in snow．An hour seems like a few minutes, as you carve your way down a run to the bottom, and then do it all again．It is my new favourite sport．
Ice skating on a frozen(结冰的) lake is another 7．____________(excite) sport for me．Once I could hardly stand on a pair of ice skates, but now I am able to make laps(圈) of the 3 km route on the lake, 8．____________ is frozen during January and February．
Indeed having 3 metres of snow was a bit frightening．School 9．____________(cancel) once because of a big snowstorm, but I was 10．____________ busy enjoying all these cool sports that winter finished too soon!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。加拿大魁北克市冬季降雪量会达到三米。不过，别担心，这儿有丰富多样的冬季户外运动。
1．slightly 解析：考查副词。设空处修饰形容词worried，表示“稍微”，故填副词slightly。
2．what 解析：考查连接词。设空表示“我无法想象降雪量达到三米是什么样的情景”，故填what。what在此引导宾语从句。
3．A 解析：考查不定冠词。由下文的描述可知，此处表示“有许多新的运动”，故填A。a number of意为“许多，大量”。
4．arriving 解析：考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处作介词Before的宾语，故填arriving。
5．types 解析：考查名词复数。设空处表示“种类”，因为type是可数名词，由其前的were和different可知，此处应用其复数形式，故填types。
6．covered 解析：考查过去分词作定语的用法。设空处表示“被积雪覆盖的山”，cover与mountain之间是动宾关系，故填covered。
7．exciting 解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语修饰sport，表示“令人激动的”，故填形容词exciting。
8．which 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句补充说明lake，且在从句中作主语，故填which。
9．was cancelled 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。设空处表示“有一次因为大暴雪学校还放了假”，school与cancel之间是被动关系，因为设空处表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填was cancelled。
10．so 解析：考查副词。so．．．that．．．意为“如此……以至于……”。
课件26张PPT。UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
单句语法填空
1．We see an old man sweeping the fallen(fall) leaves every morning when we pass the post office．
2．Our teacher was very worried because there was only a little time left(leave) for us to finish this task．
3．Generally speaking, the children brought(bring) up by grandparents tend to feel lonely sometimes．
4．It is amazing that he fell in love with the girl dressed(dress) in a red skirt at the first sight．
5．As is known to us all, Tsinghua University, founded(found) in 1911, is one of the top universities in the world．
6．There was an excited(excite) look on his face when the actress appeared．
7．The players selected(select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game．
8．They spent two hours discussing the plan designed(design) by the famous engineer．
9．The confused expression on his face suggested that he was not able to work out the confusing problem．(confuse)
10．The teacher wanted our compositions handed(hand) in after class．
11．I’d appreciate it if you could suggest a good way to get my English improved(improve) in a short period of time．
12．With all her business things arranged(arrange), Diana went on holiday．
13．The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself heard(hear)．
14．Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr．Lee was very happy to see his mother taken(take) good care of at home．
语法与写作
1．他们正在开会讨论这个人人都知道的严重问题。
They’re having a meeting to discuss the serious problem known_to_everybody．
2．为了解决这个问题，我们应该满足顾客提出的需求。
To solve the problem, we should meet the demand made_by_the_customers．
3．使他吃惊的是，他没有注意到钱包在公交车上被人偷了。
To his surprise, he didn’t notice_his_wallet_stolen on the bus．
4．在所有客人就座之前，你最好不要动所有的菜。
You’d better leave_all_the_dishes_untouched before all the guests are seated．
5．这位年轻女士发现她珍贵的项链丢了，很恼火。
The young lady was quite annoyed to find_her_valuable_necklace_lost．
6．这对夫妇看到女儿在这家新托儿所受到很好的照顾，感到很满意。
The couple felt very satisfied to see their daughter taken_good_care_of in the new nursery．
单句语法填空
1．Mr．Brown’s room, filled(fill) with all kinds of books, looks as if it is a small library．
2．To tell the truth, you must make every effort to improve your spoken(speak) English．
3．(2019·四川成都七中高一诊断)To his surprise, Jack found his son dressed(dress) as Santa Claus on Christmas Eve．
4．(2019·山西实验中学高一联考)I once found my cell phone missing(miss) during my stay in the city．
5．If you want to make yourself respected(respect), you are above all to respect yourself．
6．The student likes reading stories written(write) by the famous writer．
7．Many used(use) computers will be sold in this market．
8．Prices of daily goods bought(buy) through a computer can be lower than store prices．
9．Today, there are many people visiting(visit) the park every day．
10．We should pay attention to the physical and mental health problems caused_(cause) by a lack of sleep．
11．My cellphone has broken down and I have to get it repaired(repair) soon．
12．I was surprised(surprise) to find my hometown changed(change) so much．
13．John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work completed(complete), he gladly accepted it．
14．Don’t leave the water running(run) while you are brushing your teeth．
15．The yoga club, opened(open) last month in our school, is popular among women teachers．
阅读理解
The first people in Canada crossed the Bering Strait from Asia．In the north the Inuit lived by hunting seals, walruses(海象) and whales．They also hunted caribou(驯鹿)．On the west coast people hunted deer, bear and beaver．They also fished．On the plains people lived by hunting buffalo．In the east people grew crops of beans, squash, maize and sunflower seeds．
The first Europeans to reach Canada were the Vi-kings．In 986 a Viking called Bjarni Herjolfsson was blown off course by a storm and he spotted a new land．However he sailed away without landing．In 1001 a man named Leif Eriksson landed in the new land, which he named Vinland(it was part of Canada)．However Eriksson did not stay permanently．Later the Vikings did establish a colony in North America but they abandoned it because of conflict with the natives．
However after the Vikings Canada was forgotten until the end of the 15th century．In 1497 the English king Henry Ⅶ sent an Italian named John Cabot on an expedition across the Atlantic to Newfoundland．Cabot discovered rich fishing waters off the coast of Canada．
Then in 1534 and in 1535－1536 a Frenchman named Jacques Cartier(1491－1557) sailed on two expeditions to Canada．On 10 August 1535 (St Lawrence’s Day) he sailed into the St Lawrence River, which he named after the saint．
However no permanent European settlements were made in Canada until the early 17th century．In 1603 a Frenchman named Samuel de Champlain(1567－1635) sailed up the St Lawrence River．In 1604 he founded Port Royal in Acadia(Nova Scotia)．In 1608 Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec．(The name Quebec is believed to be an Algonquin word meaning a narrow part of a river．) In 1642 the French founded Montreal．The new colony in Canada was called New France．By 1685 the population of New France was about 10, 000．By 1740 it was 48, 000．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了加拿大人口的构成及城市逐渐形成的过程。
1．In which part of Canada did people grow crops?
A．In the north． B．In the east．
C．On the west coast． D．On the plains．
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句In the east people grew crops of beans, squash, maize and sunflower seeds．可知答案。
2．Who was the first European to reach Canada?
A．Leif Eriksson． B．Bjarni Herjolfsson．
C．John Cabot． D．Samuel de Champlain．
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段前两句The first Europeans to reach Canada．．．called Bjarni Herjolfsson was blown off course by a storm and he spotted a new land．可知，Bjarni Herjolfsson是最早来到加拿大的欧洲人。
3．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．Europeans set foot on Canada．
B．Europeans started expeditions．
C．Europeans fought against the natives．
D．Europeans began to make permanent settlements．
D 解析：段落大意题。文章最后一段第一句为该段的主题句。
4．What is the best title for the passage?
A．The Early History of Canada
B．The Languages of Canada
C．Europeans Started Expeditions
D．The War Between Europeans and Canadians
A 解析：标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了加拿大人口的构成及城市逐渐形成的过程。综合来看，文章讲述了加拿大早期的历史。
七选五
Rainbows(彩虹) are one of the most beautiful works that nature creates．1．________If you’ve ever seen one, consider yourself lucky．
Rainbows can be seen when light passes through raindrops, says Kristin Calhoun, a research scientist studying the conditions of weather．
When sunlight passes through raindrops, the light bends, as it enters a droplet．As it leaves the droplet, the light separates into different wavelengths(波长)．2．________ The seven colors—red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet—bend in seven different directions．Red light, for example, bends in a different way than violet light．3．________It also explains why rainbows look like an arc(弧)．Sometimes, however, rainbows can actually form a circle that you can see in a plane with the right conditions．
4．________“There is an even better chance when the sun is at a lower level, early or later in the day，” Calhoun says．And another key is to face the rain and have your back to the sun．
5．________“Small showers and storms often form in late afternoon in this area，”Calhoun says．“These types of showers often produce heavy rain, but remain isolated(孤立的) over the center of the island．”
A．There are lots of stories relating to rainbows．
B．Rainbows are created by light through raindrops．
C．And each wavelength appears as a different color．
D．With the conditions just right, Hawaii gets lots of rainbows．
E．The best time to catch a rainbow is when it’s sunny and raining．
F．But they can be seen only if you are in the right place at the right time．
G．This is why the person on the ground sees each color at a different location．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。彩虹是大自然最美的作品之一，在什么样的条件下才能欣赏到美丽的彩虹呢？
1．F 解析：上文Rainbows(彩虹) are one of the most beautiful works that nature creates．与F项内容形成转折关系，即彩虹虽然美丽，但人们必须在合适的时间和地点才能看见它。
2．C 解析：C项中的wavelength和color分别复现上文中的wavelengths和下文中的colors，起到承上启下的作用。
3．G 解析：上文中的The seven colors ．．．bend in seven different directions．Red light, for example, bends in a different way than violet light．与G项内容形成因果关系。
4．E 解析：本段涉及彩虹出现的天气条件，E项内容符合该话题；且E项中的sunny and raining与下文中的the sun和the rain 存在词汇复现关系。
5．D 解析：下文中的this area和the island指代D项中的Hawaii，本段说明夏威夷气象条件合适，因此经常出现彩虹。
语法填空
Winter in Quebec, Canada is very different from that in England．When I first arrived, I was 1．____________ (slight) worried about the winter．I couldn’t imagine 2．____________ it would be like to have 3 metres of snow and what on earth I was going to do when the weather was so bad．However, here, life goes on as usual．Trains and buses continue, and people socialise and even better．3．____________ number of new sports take over．
For me, skiing means downhill skiing, in ski resorts(度假胜地), with ski lifts taking you up the mountain．Before 4．____________(arrive), I did not know there were in fact different 5．____________(type) of skiing．Imagine a sunny but cold day, and you have taken a chairlift to the top of a mountain 6．____________(cover) in snow．An hour seems like a few minutes, as you carve your way down a run to the bottom, and then do it all again．It is my new favourite sport．
Ice skating on a frozen(结冰的) lake is another 7．____________(excite) sport for me．Once I could hardly stand on a pair of ice skates, but now I am able to make laps(圈) of the 3 km route on the lake, 8．____________ is frozen during January and February．
Indeed having 3 metres of snow was a bit frightening．School 9．____________(cancel) once because of a big snowstorm, but I was 10．____________ busy enjoying all these cool sports that winter finished too soon!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。加拿大魁北克市冬季降雪量会达到三米。不过，别担心，这儿有丰富多样的冬季户外运动。
1．slightly 解析：考查副词。设空处修饰形容词worried，表示“稍微”，故填副词slightly。
2．what 解析：考查连接词。设空表示“我无法想象降雪量达到三米是什么样的情景”，故填what。what在此引导宾语从句。
3．A 解析：考查不定冠词。由下文的描述可知，此处表示“有许多新的运动”，故填A。a number of意为“许多，大量”。
4．arriving 解析：考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处作介词Before的宾语，故填arriving。
5．types 解析：考查名词复数。设空处表示“种类”，因为type是可数名词，由其前的were和different可知，此处应用其复数形式，故填types。
6．covered 解析：考查过去分词作定语的用法。设空处表示“被积雪覆盖的山”，cover与mountain之间是动宾关系，故填covered。
7．exciting 解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语修饰sport，表示“令人激动的”，故填形容词exciting。
8．which 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句补充说明lake，且在从句中作主语，故填which。
9．was cancelled 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。设空处表示“有一次因为大暴雪学校还放了假”，school与cancel之间是被动关系，因为设空处表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填was cancelled。
10．so 解析：考查副词。so．．．that．．．意为“如此……以至于……”。
Section Ⅳ Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing
重点单词
写作词汇
1．charge [t?ɑ?d?] n． 收费；指控；主管
vt. 收费；控告；充电
2．amount [?'ma?nt] n． 金额；数量
3．approach [?'pr??t?] n． 方法；途径；接近
vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理
vi． 靠近
4．generous ['d?en?r?s] adj． 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的
5．position [p?'zI?n] n． 位置；姿态；职位
6．poet ['p??It] n． 诗人
7．county ['ka?nti] n． (英国、爱尔兰的)郡；
(美国的)县
8．ocean ['???n] n． 大海；海洋
9．beer [bI?(r)] n． (一杯)啤酒
10．custom ['k?st?m] n． 风俗；习俗；习惯
拓展词汇
11．announce [?'na?ns] vt．宣布；通知；声称→announcement n．公告，通告，发表
12．ensure [In'???(r)] vt．保证；确保；担保→sure adj．确信的，可靠的
13．eager ['i?ɡ?(r)] adj．热切的；渴望的→eagerness n．渴望，热心
14．greet ['ɡri?t] vt．问候；迎接→greeting n．问候，招呼
15．crowd ['kra?d] n．人群；一群人；民众 vt．挤满；使……拥挤→crowded adj．拥挤的，塞满的
阅读词汇
16．gallery ['ɡ?l?ri] n． (艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊
17．landscape ['l?ndskeIp] n． (陆上，尤指乡村的)风景
18．butter ['b?t?(r)] n． 黄油；奶油
vt. 涂黄油于
19．honey ['h?ni] n． 蜂蜜
20．ancestor ['?nsest?(r)] n． 祖宗；祖先
21．courtyard ['k??tjɑ?d] n． 庭院；院子
22．snack [sn?k] n． 点心；小吃
23．feast [fi?st] n． 盛宴；宴会；节日
24．roll [r??l] vi．& vt． (使)翻滚；(使)滚动
n． 卷(轴)；翻滚
25．dot [d?t] n． 点；小(圆)点
vt. 加点；遍布
26．cattle ['k?tl] n． 牛
27．roar [r??(r)] vi．& n． 吼叫；咆哮
28．scent [sent] n． 气味；气息
29．pub [p?b] n． 酒吧；酒馆
30．wine [waIn] n． 葡萄酒；果酒
31．sensory ['sens?ri] adj． 感觉的；感官的
32．striking ['straIkI?] adj． 引人注目的；显著的
33．transition [tr?n'zI?n；-'sI?n] n． 过渡；转变；变迁
重点短语
1．have_a_great_influence_on 对……有很大的影响
2．be_likely_to_do_sth． 有可能做某事
3．do_some_research_on 对……进行研究
4．give_a_full_description_of 详细描述
5．in_ruins 成为废墟
重点句型
1．v.-ing结构作状语：Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all, offering_something_for(提供了一些东西) each of the senses．
2．with复合结构：The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with_its_rolling_green_hills_dotted_with_sheep_and_cattle(青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中)．
3．It＋be＋adj.＋that...：With all this beauty, it_is_not_surprising_that(不令人吃惊) Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and dining．
Read the text on Page 44 and then choose the best answer.
1．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．The beautiful scenery of the Ireland．
B．The history of the Ireland．
C．The beautiful scenery and its traditions．
D．The customs of the Ireland．
2．What makes the Irish countryside exciting and inspiring?
A．The beautiful countryside scenery of the Ireland．
B．The long history of the Irish countryside．
C．The traditions of the Irish countryside．
D．Many green countries in the Ireland．
3．What are the best ways to experience some Irish traditions and cultures?
A．Dance with the natives．
B．Drink a glass of wine or a local beer in a village pub．
C．Sing a song with the natives．
D．Enjoy some traditional music．
答案：1－3.CAB
charge n．收费；指控；主管 vt.收费；控告；充电
(教材P42)Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalglar Square, where we could get our car battery charged．
朱迪和我把车停在特拉法尔加广场附近的一个地下停车场，在那里我们可以给汽车电池充电。
(1)charge sb．for sth． 为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb．with (doing) sth． 控告某人(做)某事
(2)take charge of 掌管/负责……
in charge of 控制/管理……
in the charge of 受……的管理
(3)free of charge 免费
①I wonder how much you will charge me for the six-week course．
我想知道这为期六周的课程您向我收费多少。
②The company was badly organized until she took charge of it．
在她掌管这家公司之前，公司一直管理很差。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The man who had taken charge of the company was_charged(charge) with taking drugs．
②The police charged the thief with stealing the jewels．
[链接写作]——一句多译
汤姆在老板不在时负责这家公司。
③The company is in_the_charge_of Tom while the boss is away．
④Tom is in_charge_of the company while the boss is away．
⑤Tom takes_charge_of the company while the boss is away．
announce vt.宣布；通知；声称
(教材P42)When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left．
当我们最终到达服务台要求提供有声导游时，我们听到服务台宣布已经没有有声导游了。
(1)announce sth．to sb． 向某人宣告某事
It is announced that．．． 据宣布……
(2)announcement n． 通告；宣告
make an announcement 宣布
announcer n． 播音员；广播员
①It is announced that there will be a celebration on National Day．
据宣布，国庆节要举办庆祝会。
②The warm sunshine announces that spring is coming．
温暖的阳光预示着春天即将到来。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①It is wise to announce the news to the public．
②The announcer made an announcement that all the details should be_announced through the broadcast．(announce)
③It is_announced(announce) that only when the fire was under control would the residents be permitted to return to their homes．
amount n．金额；数量
(经典佳句)I’m afraid it’ll cost a large amount of money．
恐怕这得花费一大笔钱。
(1)a large amount of＋不可数名词＋谓语动词单数
＝large amounts of＋不可数名词＋谓语动词复数
大量的
(2)in large/small amounts 大量地/少量地
①There are large amounts of homework and a great many examinations for us students every day．
对我们学生来说每天有大量的作业和考试。
②I suggest our teachers limit the amount of our homework so that we can have more time to read．
我建议老师限制作业的数量，这样我们就有更多的时间来阅读。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①A large amount of money is(be) to be spent in building a new bridge for the village．
②At that time, small amounts of land were_used(use) for keeping animals．
表示“大量的”的短语还有a large number of, a great deal of, plenty of, a lot of等。
(1)a great deal of, a large amount of只能修饰不可数名词；
(2)a large number of只能修饰可数名词复数；
(3)a lot of, plenty of既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。
approach n．方法；途径；接近
vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近
(教材P42)It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around．
周围有那么多人，很难接近那幅画。
(1)approach sb．/sth． 靠近/接近某人/某物
be approaching 临近，靠近
(2)(an) approach to 接近，近似；(做某事)的
方法(途径)
at the approach of．．． 在……快到的时候
①Absorbed in painting，John didn’t notice evening approaching．
由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。
②As Teachers’ Day was approaching, our class decided to hold a party to celebrate this important day．
随着教师节的临近，今年我们班决定举行一场晚会来庆祝这个重要的节日。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①At the meeting they discussed three different approaches(approach) to the study of maths．
②All the approaches to the airport were blocked by the police．
[链接写作]——词汇/句式升级
③(普通表达)As the college entrance examination is drawing near, some students are getting more and more nervous．
(高级表达)With_the_college_entrance_examination_approaching/around_the_corner,_some students are getting more and more nervous．(升级加黑词；with 复合结构)
同义词approach, way, means, method等在表达“(做)某事的方法”时各自的搭配分别是：
(1)the approach to (doing) sth．
(2)the way to do/of (doing) sth．
(3)the means of (doing) sth．
(4)the method of (doing) sth．
eager adj.热切的；渴望的
(经典佳句)His classes were crowded with eager students．
他的班上挤满了求知若渴的学生。
(1)be eager to do sth． 渴望做某事
be eager for sth． 渴望某事
(2)eagerness n． 热切，渴望
The teacher is very glad that everyone in her class is eager to study．
＝The teacher is very glad that everyone in her class is eager for study．
老师很高兴她班上的每个人都渴望学习。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Mike is eager to_stay(stay) away from the busy city life for a while．
②As far as I know, he is eager for success．
greet vi. & vt.迎接；问候
(经典佳句)(2019·江苏卷)Li Jiang and Su Hua don’t agree on what to wear when greeting the British students．
李江和苏华在欢迎英国学生时的着装上意见不一。
(1)greet sb．with．．． 用……迎接某人；用……向某人打招呼
(2)greeting n． (常用复数形式)问候；祝贺；贺词
①He greeted all the guests warmly as they arrived．
客人到达时他都热情接待。
②Please give my greetings to Miss Macleod．
请代我向麦克劳德小姐问好。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①She greeted(greet) us with a smile when she saw us in the street．
②She sent us a card with birthday greetings(greet)．
with复合结构
(教材P44)The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle．
“绿宝石(爱尔兰岛)”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
with its rolling green hills dotted with为“with＋n．＋done”复合结构。with复合结构如下：
with＋n．/pron．＋宾补
He said goodbye to us with tears in his eyes．
他含着眼泪与我们告别。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①With the boy leading(lead) the way, we had no difficulty in finding his home．
②With the key lost(lose), he had to wait outside the door．
③With so much work to_do(do), I have no time for a holiday．
It＋be＋adj.＋that...
(教材P44)With all this beauty, it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and dining．
有了这些美景，爱尔兰发展出包括音乐、舞蹈和餐饮在内的强大传统也就不足为奇了。
It is/was surprising that．．．“令人吃惊……”，it在句中作形式主语，代指后面that引导的主语从句。it作形式主语的常用句式：
(1)It be＋形容词(possible, obvious, important．．．)＋that．．．
(2)It be＋名词短语(a pity, a fact, a wonder, no wonder．．．)＋that从句
①It is obvious that the polluted air is harmful to our health．
很明显，污染的空气对我们的健康有害。
②(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)I’m very delighted to know that you’re going to visit a Chinese family．It’s necessary that you should know about table manners of China．
听说你要去拜访一个中国家庭，我非常高兴。你有必要了解一下中国的餐桌礼仪。
③It is a pity that I can’t attend your birthday party．
很遗憾我不能参加你的生日聚会。
[链接写作]——完成句子
真奇怪，她竟然用那么无礼的方式跟她母亲说话。
It_is_strange_that she should speak to her mother in such a rude manner．
品句填词
1．They have announced(宣布，发布) that they will hold their wedding ceremony next week．
2．The best approach(方法) to building up your body is to do exercise every day．
3．On the way to school，Tom came across one of his classmates, and they greeted(问候) each other by saying “Good morning”．
4．After being questioned by the police, she was released without charge(指控)．
5．The British and the Americans not only speak the same language but (also) share a large number of social customs(风俗)．
6．With a large family to feed, he has to work in the pub(酒吧) in his spare time．
7．It is surrounded by mountains and the Pacific Ocean(海洋)．
8．They said goodbye to the villagers, with tears rolling(滚动) down their cheeks．
9．Bill is a generous(慷慨的) person, who has given millions of dollars to help those people in the disaster-hit area．
10．A great number of fine poems were written by some famous poets(诗人)．
选词填空
break away from; belong to; as well as; keep your eyes open; in charge; add to
1．You must_keep_your_eyes_open_if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile．
2．The doctor in_charge told us that our father was recovering from his illness day by day．
3．Only then did I realize that it was foolish of me to break_away_from all of my friends and never contact them．
4．It is well known that China is rich in culture as_well_as natural resources．
5．Chinese, Maths, English, Physics, Chemistry and Biology all belong_to the College Entrance Examination subjects．
6．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The short film will surely add_to your further understanding of the development of our school．
完成句子
1．由于你的慷慨帮助，我相信我会更好地了解你的国家和文化。
Thanks_to_your_generous_help,_I do believe that I will have a better understanding of your country and culture．
2．彼得很可能迟到，因为他才刚刚出门。
Peter is_likely_to_be_late,_because he has just left home．
3．这位科学家正在讲如何做那个实验，有很多学生围着他。
The scientist is explaining how to do the experiment, with_many_students_surrounding_him．
4．爬山的时候，我们可以享受到温暖的阳光和美丽的风景。
While climbing the mountain, we can enjoy_the_warm_sunshine and beautiful scenery．
5．关于如何保护中国传统文化，学生们观点不一。
The students hold different opinions about how to protect_traditional_Chinese_culture．
单句语法填空
1．The company made an announcement(announce) that they decided to introduce their products to Asia．
2．With the Spring Festival approaching(approach), the students are beginning to talk about their plans．
3．Henry, a boy from the countryside, is eager to_go(go) to a famous university, so he always works hard．
4．In the crowded(crowd) city, my father prefers walking to taking a bus．
5．They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars, which were positioned(position) on the hill．
6．She is very generous with her time, but mean with money．
7．He was_charged(charge) with taking dangerous products, which made us all surprised．
8．So far, large amounts of money have_been_spent(spend) on that big project．
9．I will try my best, but can’t ensure(sure) that I will succeed this time．
10．In my opinion, it is important that we (should) value our friends instead of phones in our real life．
阅读理解
A
I wouldn’t be surprised at all if you love doing sports．Sports are a very important part of human life．However, some are considered to be more dangerous, such as extreme sports．Because of the danger those sports can lead to, many people believe they should be banned(禁止)．I strongly believe that extreme sports are not a danger and should not be banned．There are many reasons for letting them stay a part of our life．Firstly, extreme sports can increase confidence．Secondly, extreme sports challenge people and develop their skills．And last but not least, extreme sports can add to a person’s experience, determination and courage．
Some people say that extreme sports are much too risky, and there is always a danger of serious injury or even death．But if you want to remove risks, you will have to avoid many other human activities like driving and traveling by plane．Even crossing a road is dangerous!
Many popular sports in fact can make players injured easily．Football, basketball, gymnastics, figure skating and other sports can lead to bad results．Do you know that football is one of the most dangerous sports？A professional football player gets up to 200 injuries of different kinds every year! And the incidents where a player dies during the match are not very rare．
Sports do not just have positive physical effects, but they also have mental and social benefits for those who take part in them．I think that taking away elements of risk, danger, and challenge would leave all sports meaningless．Our society will be healthier if more people take part in all types of sports．Banning dangerous sports only limits the freedom of choosing from a wide range of sports that people should feel free to take part in．
Of course, if you want to take part in an extreme sport, you should always be well prepared．After all, safety comes first．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。极限运动有一定的风险性，很多人倡议禁止极限运动，但作者不赞成这样做。
1．Why does the author mention such activities as driving and traveling by plane?
A．To tell us to avoid such activities．
B．To show extreme sports are really risky．
C．To show risks are common in our daily life．
D．To tell us people’s attitudes toward extreme sports．
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的But if you want to remove risks, you will have to avoid many other human activities like driving and traveling by plane．Even crossing a road is dangerous！可知，作者是想表明风险在我们的日常生活里很普遍。
2．Which of the following statements would the author agree with?
A．Football is highly dangerous．
B．Popular sports hardly make people injured．
C．Most people seldom realize the danger of extreme sports．
D．Professional football players know more about ways of avoiding injury．
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的Do you know that football is one of the most dangerous sports? A professional football player gets up to 200 injuries of different kinds every year! And the incidents where a player dies during the match are not very rare．可推测，作者认为足球运动也很危险。
3．What’s the author’s attitude toward extreme sports?
A．Doubtful． B．Worried．
C．Negative． D．Positive．
D 解析：观点态度题。根据文章内容可知，作者认为极限运动不应该被禁止，因此他对极限运动持肯定的态度。
4．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Should Extreme Sports Be Banned or Not?
B．Should Children Play Dangerous Sports?
C．How Do We Benefit from Risky Sports?
D．Why Do People Love Football?
A 解析：标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要是围绕极限运动是否应该被禁止展开的。
B
On any given day, you can find most 10-year-old boys throwing a ball around outside, riding their bikes, or playing video games．But Braden Baker is different．
Braden is a hearing impaired(受损的) 5th-grader and has to wear hearing aids(助听器)．Unluckily, Braden’s dog Chewy found his hearing aids on the floor and destroyed them—not once, but twice—and they had to be replaced．But at $3，500 to $6，000 a pair, Braden’s carelessness was costly．
Braden’s mother Ashley sat Braden down and had a long talk about taking better care of his hearing aids, explaining just how much they cost．“I told him that he was lucky we could buy another pair and that some people couldn’t afford a new pair，” Ashley said．
Those words clearly stuck in Braden’s mind, who realized that not every child who needed hearing aids could afford them．So recently, the 10-year-old took it upon himself to start a GoFundMe page to raise money for those who aren’t so lucky．
Braden made a video to explain why he wanted to raise money．Ashley said, “We weren’t really sure how it would turn out．He began with a goal of $1, 000．We woke up the next morning and found that it had raised $400．”
This encouraged him to start making even more videos．Fast-forward a few months and Braden’s GoFundMe page has raised over $15，000, which Braden donated to the Oticon Hearing Foundation．And that money will be used to help other families buy hearing aids for their children．
The project has not only taught Braden the value of money, but according to his mom，“he’s learned that if you put a small idea into action, amazing things can happen．”
As for Braden’s advice to those looking for ways to give back to others？“Don’t give up！Any small idea can get really big．”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了10岁的听障男孩发起筹资网页，帮助贫困听障儿童购买助听器的故事。
5．Why did Braden change his hearing aids?
A．He wanted a better pair of hearing aids．
B．The old pairs were destroyed by his dog．
C．His hearing problem became more serious．
D．He lost the old pairs because of his carelessness．
B 解析：细节理解题。由第二段的第二句可知，Braden的狗找到并弄坏了他的助听器。
6．What has led to Braden starting a GoFundMe page?
A．His mother’s words about the usefulness of hearing aids．
B．His mother’s encouragement for him to do good things．
C．His wish to help poor children with hearing problems．
D．His need to buy a new pair of hearing aids．
C 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的Braden’s mind，who realized that ．．．raise money for those who aren’t so lucky 可知，Braden了解到有些听障儿童买不起助听器，因此他想筹资帮助这些孩子。
7．How did Braden and his mother feel when the page was started?
A．Uncertain． B．Satisfied．
C．Hopeful． D．Unexpected．
A 解析：细节理解题。由第五段中的We weren’t really sure how it would turn out．可知，一开始发起筹资网页时，Braden和妈妈都不确定结果会怎样。
8．What has Braden learned from working on the project?
A．One should always use money smartly．
B．A small idea can make a big difference．
C．Videoing is a good way to reach people．
D．It’s important to dream big and hold on to it．
B 解析：细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的he’s learned that if you ．．．things can happen 可知，Braden 通过筹资学到一件事：将小小的想法付诸行动，会有很棒的结果出现。
完形填空
As a student in my final year of high school, I am very concerned about college．I spend most days thinking about the __1__，hoping that I’m on the right path．
I’m interested in a career in __2__，so I decided to volunteer for service at the local hospital．I thought it would be the best of both worlds：__3__ people while getting valuable on-the-job experience! So I went to the business office．__4__，the hospital director was quite willing to let me help out, and he said I could__5__ that summer as soon as I finished my finals．I accepted his __6__ immediately, thinking to myself that here lay all the __7__ I could ever want!
Soon enough, I __8__ for my first day at the __9__．The director gave me a brief tour of different departments(科室) __10__ we stopped right in front of the maternity ward(产科病房)．“This is where you’re going to __11__，” he said．I was overwhelmed(受不了的) by the sounds．Women shouted and newborns __12__．I got nervous and wondered if I had been in a hurry when I __13__ to go for such a __14__ job．
My __15__ must have shown clearly on my face because the director said, “Don’t worry．You are going to help in the nursery．” __16__ that, we walked down a hallway filled with balloons, beautiful flowers and into the __17__ room I’ve ever seen．The soft colors provided a quiet backdrop to the sleeping babies．The nurse in charge of the nursery __18__ me, thanked me for __19__，and asked me to start putting some baby things away in the drawers．The director gave me a __20__ look, which I returned with a quiet nod．I got right to work．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者第一天到医院做义工的经历。
1．A．score B．test
C．family D．future
D 解析：根据下文中的I’m on the right path及career可知，作者花很多时间考虑自己的“未来(future)”。
2．A．teaching B．nursing
C．dancing D．acting
B 解析：根据下文出现的hospital及nurse可知，作者希望将来从事“护理(nursing)”工作。
3．A．helping B．moving
C．encouraging D．visiting
A 解析：去医院做义工当然可以“帮助(helping)”他人。
4．A．Finally B．Fortunately
C．Suddenly D．Immediately
B 解析：根据下文的the hospital director was quite willing to let me help out可知，作者想去医院做义工，院长表示同意，说明她很“幸运(Fortunately)”。
5．A．start B．sign
C．learn D．ask
A 解析：此处是说，期末考试一结束，作者就可以“开始(start)”到医院做义工。
6．A．gift B．rule
C．offer D．advice
C 解析：根据下文作者开始到医院工作可知，她接受了院长的“提议(offer)”。
7．A．possibilities B．responsibilities
C．choices D．chances
D 解析：根据上文的getting valuable on-the-job experience可知，作者认为医院能给她提供她想要的任何“机会(chances)”。
8．A．went over B．showed up
C．turned out D．kept on
B 解析：根据下文作者到医院参观各个科室可知，她“出现在了(showed up)”“医院(hospital)”。
9．A．high school B．business office
C．college D．hospital
D 解析：参见上题解析。
10．A．as B．when
C．until D．before
C 解析：作者在院长的带领下参观各个科室，“直到(until)”他们来到产科病房前。
11．A．work B．study
C．live D．research
A 解析：根据文章最后一句I got right to work．可知，作者被安排在产科“工作(work)”。
12．A．played B．slept
C．cried D．laughed
C 解析：根据上文的I was overwhelmed(受不了的) by the sounds．可知，此处指新生儿“哭闹(cried)”。
13．A．stopped B．continued
C．refused D．decided
D 解析：作者看到产科病房的场景时开始感到紧张不安，她不知道自己“决定(decided)”找这样一份工作是否有些操之过急。
14．A．difficult B．boring
C．small D．dangerous
A 解析：根据上文的got nervous可知，作者觉得这是一项“困难的(difficult)”工作。
15．A．fear B．anger
C．pain D．surprise
A 解析：根据下文中的because the director said, “Don’t worry．．．”可知，作者的“担心(fear)”被院长看在眼里。
16．A．For B．Like
C．With D．Before
C 解析：“说着(With)”，我们便通过了一个气球和鲜花装点的走廊。
17．A．most peaceful B．most convenient
C．largest D．cleanest
A 解析：根据下文中的soft，quiet和sleeping babies可知，这个房间是作者见过的“最安静的(most peaceful)”房间。
18．A．replaced B．remembered
C．welcomed D．trusted
C 解析：根据本句中的thanked me可知，负责育儿室的护士对作者的“到来(coming)”表示“欢迎(welcomed)”和感谢。
19．A．waiting B．returning
C．listening D．coming
D 解析：参见上题解析。
20．A．questioning B．quick
C．serious D．familiar
A 解析：根据下文中的which I returned with a quiet nod可知，院长投来“询问的(questioning)”目光。
课件46张PPT。UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．They have announced(宣布，发布) that they will hold their wedding ceremony next week．
2．The best approach(方法) to building up your body is to do exercise every day．
3．On the way to school，Tom came across one of his classmates, and they greeted(问候) each other by saying “Good morning”．
4．After being questioned by the police, she was released without charge(指控)．
5．The British and the Americans not only speak the same language but (also) share a large number of social customs(风俗)．
6．With a large family to feed, he has to work in the pub(酒吧) in his spare time．
7．It is surrounded by mountains and the Pacific Ocean(海洋)．
8．They said goodbye to the villagers, with tears rolling(滚动) down their cheeks．
9．Bill is a generous(慷慨的) person, who has given millions of dollars to help those people in the disaster-hit area．
10．A great number of fine poems were written by some famous poets(诗人)．
选词填空
break away from; belong to; as well as; keep your eyes open; in charge; add to
1．You must_keep_your_eyes_open_if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile．
2．The doctor in_charge told us that our father was recovering from his illness day by day．
3．Only then did I realize that it was foolish of me to break_away_from all of my friends and never contact them．
4．It is well known that China is rich in culture as_well_as natural resources．
5．Chinese, Maths, English, Physics, Chemistry and Biology all belong_to the College Entrance Examination subjects．
6．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The short film will surely add_to your further understanding of the development of our school．
完成句子
1．由于你的慷慨帮助，我相信我会更好地了解你的国家和文化。
Thanks_to_your_generous_help,_I do believe that I will have a better understanding of your country and culture．
2．彼得很可能迟到，因为他才刚刚出门。
Peter is_likely_to_be_late,_because he has just left home．
3．这位科学家正在讲如何做那个实验，有很多学生围着他。
The scientist is explaining how to do the experiment, with_many_students_surrounding_him．
4．爬山的时候，我们可以享受到温暖的阳光和美丽的风景。
While climbing the mountain, we can enjoy_the_warm_sunshine and beautiful scenery．
5．关于如何保护中国传统文化，学生们观点不一。
The students hold different opinions about how to protect_traditional_Chinese_culture．
单句语法填空
1．The company made an announcement(announce) that they decided to introduce their products to Asia．
2．With the Spring Festival approaching(approach), the students are beginning to talk about their plans．
3．Henry, a boy from the countryside, is eager to_go(go) to a famous university, so he always works hard．
4．In the crowded(crowd) city, my father prefers walking to taking a bus．
5．They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars, which were positioned(position) on the hill．
6．She is very generous with her time, but mean with money．
7．He was_charged(charge) with taking dangerous products, which made us all surprised．
8．So far, large amounts of money have_been_spent(spend) on that big project．
9．I will try my best, but can’t ensure(sure) that I will succeed this time．
10．In my opinion, it is important that we (should) value our friends instead of phones in our real life．
阅读理解
A
I wouldn’t be surprised at all if you love doing sports．Sports are a very important part of human life．However, some are considered to be more dangerous, such as extreme sports．Because of the danger those sports can lead to, many people believe they should be banned(禁止)．I strongly believe that extreme sports are not a danger and should not be banned．There are many reasons for letting them stay a part of our life．Firstly, extreme sports can increase confidence．Secondly, extreme sports challenge people and develop their skills．And last but not least, extreme sports can add to a person’s experience, determination and courage．
Some people say that extreme sports are much too risky, and there is always a danger of serious injury or even death．But if you want to remove risks, you will have to avoid many other human activities like driving and traveling by plane．Even crossing a road is dangerous!
Many popular sports in fact can make players injured easily．Football, basketball, gymnastics, figure skating and other sports can lead to bad results．Do you know that football is one of the most dangerous sports？A professional football player gets up to 200 injuries of different kinds every year! And the incidents where a player dies during the match are not very rare．
Sports do not just have positive physical effects, but they also have mental and social benefits for those who take part in them．I think that taking away elements of risk, danger, and challenge would leave all sports meaningless．Our society will be healthier if more people take part in all types of sports．Banning dangerous sports only limits the freedom of choosing from a wide range of sports that people should feel free to take part in．
Of course, if you want to take part in an extreme sport, you should always be well prepared．After all, safety comes first．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。极限运动有一定的风险性，很多人倡议禁止极限运动，但作者不赞成这样做。
1．Why does the author mention such activities as driving and traveling by plane?
A．To tell us to avoid such activities．
B．To show extreme sports are really risky．
C．To show risks are common in our daily life．
D．To tell us people’s attitudes toward extreme sports．
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的But if you want to remove risks, you will have to avoid many other human activities like driving and traveling by plane．Even crossing a road is dangerous！可知，作者是想表明风险在我们的日常生活里很普遍。
2．Which of the following statements would the author agree with?
A．Football is highly dangerous．
B．Popular sports hardly make people injured．
C．Most people seldom realize the danger of extreme sports．
D．Professional football players know more about ways of avoiding injury．
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的Do you know that football is one of the most dangerous sports? A professional football player gets up to 200 injuries of different kinds every year! And the incidents where a player dies during the match are not very rare．可推测，作者认为足球运动也很危险。
3．What’s the author’s attitude toward extreme sports?
A．Doubtful． B．Worried．
C．Negative． D．Positive．
D 解析：观点态度题。根据文章内容可知，作者认为极限运动不应该被禁止，因此他对极限运动持肯定的态度。
4．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Should Extreme Sports Be Banned or Not?
B．Should Children Play Dangerous Sports?
C．How Do We Benefit from Risky Sports?
D．Why Do People Love Football?
A 解析：标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要是围绕极限运动是否应该被禁止展开的。
B
On any given day, you can find most 10-year-old boys throwing a ball around outside, riding their bikes, or playing video games．But Braden Baker is different．
Braden is a hearing impaired(受损的) 5th-grader and has to wear hearing aids(助听器)．Unluckily, Braden’s dog Chewy found his hearing aids on the floor and destroyed them—not once, but twice—and they had to be replaced．But at $3，500 to $6，000 a pair, Braden’s carelessness was costly．
Braden’s mother Ashley sat Braden down and had a long talk about taking better care of his hearing aids, explaining just how much they cost．“I told him that he was lucky we could buy another pair and that some people couldn’t afford a new pair，” Ashley said．
Those words clearly stuck in Braden’s mind, who realized that not every child who needed hearing aids could afford them．So recently, the 10-year-old took it upon himself to start a GoFundMe page to raise money for those who aren’t so lucky．
Braden made a video to explain why he wanted to raise money．Ashley said, “We weren’t really sure how it would turn out．He began with a goal of $1, 000．We woke up the next morning and found that it had raised $400．”
This encouraged him to start making even more videos．Fast-forward a few months and Braden’s GoFundMe page has raised over $15，000, which Braden donated to the Oticon Hearing Foundation．And that money will be used to help other families buy hearing aids for their children．
The project has not only taught Braden the value of money, but according to his mom，“he’s learned that if you put a small idea into action, amazing things can happen．”
As for Braden’s advice to those looking for ways to give back to others？“Don’t give up！Any small idea can get really big．”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了10岁的听障男孩发起筹资网页，帮助贫困听障儿童购买助听器的故事。
5．Why did Braden change his hearing aids?
A．He wanted a better pair of hearing aids．
B．The old pairs were destroyed by his dog．
C．His hearing problem became more serious．
D．He lost the old pairs because of his carelessness．
B 解析：细节理解题。由第二段的第二句可知，Braden的狗找到并弄坏了他的助听器。
6．What has led to Braden starting a GoFundMe page?
A．His mother’s words about the usefulness of hearing aids．
B．His mother’s encouragement for him to do good things．
C．His wish to help poor children with hearing problems．
D．His need to buy a new pair of hearing aids．
C 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的Braden’s mind，who realized that ．．．raise money for those who aren’t so lucky 可知，Braden了解到有些听障儿童买不起助听器，因此他想筹资帮助这些孩子。
7．How did Braden and his mother feel when the page was started?
A．Uncertain． B．Satisfied．
C．Hopeful． D．Unexpected．
A 解析：细节理解题。由第五段中的We weren’t really sure how it would turn out．可知，一开始发起筹资网页时，Braden和妈妈都不确定结果会怎样。
8．What has Braden learned from working on the project?
A．One should always use money smartly．
B．A small idea can make a big difference．
C．Videoing is a good way to reach people．
D．It’s important to dream big and hold on to it．
B 解析：细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的he’s learned that if you ．．．things can happen 可知，Braden 通过筹资学到一件事：将小小的想法付诸行动，会有很棒的结果出现。
完形填空
As a student in my final year of high school, I am very concerned about college．I spend most days thinking about the __1__，hoping that I’m on the right path．
I’m interested in a career in __2__，so I decided to volunteer for service at the local hospital．I thought it would be the best of both worlds：__3__ people while getting valuable on-the-job experience! So I went to the business office．__4__，the hospital director was quite willing to let me help out, and he said I could__5__ that summer as soon as I finished my finals．I accepted his __6__ immediately, thinking to myself that here lay all the __7__ I could ever want!
Soon enough, I __8__ for my first day at the __9__．The director gave me a brief tour of different departments(科室) __10__ we stopped right in front of the maternity ward(产科病房)．“This is where you’re going to __11__，” he said．I was overwhelmed(受不了的) by the sounds．Women shouted and newborns __12__．I got nervous and wondered if I had been in a hurry when I __13__ to go for such a __14__ job．
My __15__ must have shown clearly on my face because the director said, “Don’t worry．You are going to help in the nursery．” __16__ that, we walked down a hallway filled with balloons, beautiful flowers and into the __17__ room I’ve ever seen．The soft colors provided a quiet backdrop to the sleeping babies．The nurse in charge of the nursery __18__ me, thanked me for __19__，and asked me to start putting some baby things away in the drawers．The director gave me a __20__ look, which I returned with a quiet nod．I got right to work．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者第一天到医院做义工的经历。
1．A．score B．test
C．family D．future
D 解析：根据下文中的I’m on the right path及career可知，作者花很多时间考虑自己的“未来(future)”。
2．A．teaching B．nursing
C．dancing D．acting
B 解析：根据下文出现的hospital及nurse可知，作者希望将来从事“护理(nursing)”工作。
3．A．helping B．moving
C．encouraging D．visiting
A 解析：去医院做义工当然可以“帮助(helping)”他人。
4．A．Finally B．Fortunately
C．Suddenly D．Immediately
B 解析：根据下文的the hospital director was quite willing to let me help out可知，作者想去医院做义工，院长表示同意，说明她很“幸运(Fortunately)”。
5．A．start B．sign
C．learn D．ask
A 解析：此处是说，期末考试一结束，作者就可以“开始(start)”到医院做义工。
6．A．gift B．rule
C．offer D．advice
C 解析：根据下文作者开始到医院工作可知，她接受了院长的“提议(offer)”。
7．A．possibilities B．responsibilities
C．choices D．chances
D 解析：根据上文的getting valuable on-the-job experience可知，作者认为医院能给她提供她想要的任何“机会(chances)”。
8．A．went over B．showed up
C．turned out D．kept on
B 解析：根据下文作者到医院参观各个科室可知，她“出现在了(showed up)”“医院(hospital)”。
9．A．high school B．business office
C．college D．hospital
D 解析：参见上题解析。
10．A．as B．when
C．until D．before
C 解析：作者在院长的带领下参观各个科室，“直到(until)”他们来到产科病房前。
11．A．work B．study
C．live D．research
A 解析：根据文章最后一句I got right to work．可知，作者被安排在产科“工作(work)”。
12．A．played B．slept
C．cried D．laughed
C 解析：根据上文的I was overwhelmed(受不了的) by the sounds．可知，此处指新生儿“哭闹(cried)”。
13．A．stopped B．continued
C．refused D．decided
D 解析：作者看到产科病房的场景时开始感到紧张不安，她不知道自己“决定(decided)”找这样一份工作是否有些操之过急。
14．A．difficult B．boring
C．small D．dangerous
A 解析：根据上文的got nervous可知，作者觉得这是一项“困难的(difficult)”工作。
15．A．fear B．anger
C．pain D．surprise
A 解析：根据下文中的because the director said, “Don’t worry．．．”可知，作者的“担心(fear)”被院长看在眼里。
16．A．For B．Like
C．With D．Before
C 解析：“说着(With)”，我们便通过了一个气球和鲜花装点的走廊。
17．A．most peaceful B．most convenient
C．largest D．cleanest
A 解析：根据下文中的soft，quiet和sleeping babies可知，这个房间是作者见过的“最安静的(most peaceful)”房间。
18．A．replaced B．remembered
C．welcomed D．trusted
C 解析：根据本句中的thanked me可知，负责育儿室的护士对作者的“到来(coming)”表示“欢迎(welcomed)”和感谢。
19．A．waiting B．returning
C．listening D．coming
D 解析：参见上题解析。
20．A．questioning B．quick
C．serious D．familiar
A 解析：根据下文中的which I returned with a quiet nod可知，院长投来“询问的(questioning)”目光。
Section Ⅴ Writing
景点介绍
文体感知
景点介绍属于说明文。写作时要注意理清与写作主题有关的地理位置、人口、面积、气候等内容。文章结构为三层，开头部分引出所需介绍的内容；正文详细描述所需介绍的景点的特色；结束部分表达出美好的祝愿。
增分佳句
1．It’s so nice to meet you here!
2．I feel it a great honour to be your tour guide today．
3．It was built in．．．so it had a very long history．
4．It has become the most popular tourist attraction since．．．
5．Wish you have a good time and enjoy yourself．
6．Thanks again for listening．Have a good time!
写作模板
Welcome to Chongqing．My name is ________．I am very glad to be your local guide for today’s visit．
Now I’d like to give you a brief introduction of the Yangtze Three Gorges．The Yangtze Three Gorges ________(就地理位置、面积等做简单介绍)．
Well, look through the windows, please．This is the first one ________ Qutang Gorge ________(对所参观景点进行介绍)．．．
Time flies．Our visit is coming to an end and it is very difficult for me to say goodbye to you．________(表示祝愿)．
写作要求
假设你是导游，根据以下内容，用80词左右向游客简单介绍英国的情况。
国家
大不列颠
及北爱尔兰
联合王国
首都
伦敦(别
称：雾都)
地理
位置
欧洲西北部，
面向大西洋
人口
约6 444万
面积
24．41万
平方千米
气候
冬暖夏凉，
整年雨量充足
国情
1．由英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰、北爱尔兰组成；
2．历史悠久，景点众多，如大本钟、格林威治等；
3．世界工业化(industrialize)最早的国家之一，对人类工业化(human industrialization)做出了贡献。
审题谋篇
词汇推敲
1．冬暖夏凉 warm_winters_and_cool_summers
2．雨量充足 lots_of_rainfall/be_rich_in_rain
3．有……的总面积 have_a_total_area_of．．．
4．有……的人口 have_a_population_of．．．
5．作为……而出名 be_well-known_as．．．
遣词造句
1．完成句子
①它的气候冬暖夏凉，整年雨量充足。
It enjoys warm_winters_and_cool_summers and has lots of rainfall throughout the year．
②它拥有的总面积为244 100平方千米。
It has a_total_area_of 244，100 square kilometers．
③它的人口大约为6 444万。
It has_a_population_of about 64．44 million．
④它的首都是伦敦，它是著名的雾都。
Its capital is London, which is_well-known_as the City of Fog．
⑤它有很多的名胜古迹，像大本钟、格林威治等。
It has many places_of_interest,_such as Big Ben, Greenwich and so on．
2．句式升级
⑥用with短语改写句①
It_enjoys_warm_winters_and_cool_summers_with_lots_of_rainfall_throughout_the_year．
⑦用with短语合并句②和句③
It_has_a_total_area_of_244,_100_square_kilometers,_with_a_population_of_about_64．44_million．
⑧将句④改为含有非谓语作状语的句子
Its_capital_is_London,_well-known_as_the_City_of_Fog．
妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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One possible version：
Ladies and gentlemen，
I’m glad to be your guide．Now let me introduce the UK to you．
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consists of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland in the northwest of Europe, facing the Atlantic Ocean．Therefore, it enjoys warm winters and cool summers with lots of rainfall throughout the year．It has a total area of 244，100 square kilometers, with a population of about 64．44 million．Its capital is London, well-known as the City of Fog．Thanks to its long history, it has many places of interest such as Big Ben, Greenwich and so on．Besides, it is among the highly industrialized countries in the world, making great contributions to human industrialization．
I hope you can enjoy yourselves here．Thank you!
为了让更多的外国游客了解中国文化，欣赏中国美丽的自然风光，感受中国发生的巨大变化，某外文杂志社将出版一本英语小册子来介绍中国的旅游景点。该杂志社邀请你为该小册子写一篇英语短文来介绍杭州，内容包括：
1．杭州的位置(中国东南部)、面积(16 000多平方公里)及历史(2 200多年)等；
2．杭州的旅游特色(自然风景、传统文化、特色小吃等)；
3．希望更多的游客来杭州参观。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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One possible version：
Located in the southeast of China, Hangzhou is a beautiful city．Dating back more than 2，200 years, Hangzhou covers an area of more than 16，000 square kilometers．In Hangzhou, you can visit the West Lake, whose scenery is fascinating．In addition, you can’t miss its cultural relics and historical sites, from which you will learn more about excellent Chinese traditional culture and traditions．In Hangzhou, the special snacks are famous and visitors from different parts of the world think highly of them．
As a tourist attraction, Hangzhou attracts a large number of visitors from home and abroad every year．Once you come to China, Hangzhou is a scenic spot you can’t miss．
课件17张PPT。UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放单元过关检测(四)
(时间：120分钟，满分：150分)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1．5分，满分7．5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Where is Dr．Brown’s office?
A．On the fourth floor．
B．On the fifth floor．
C．On the seventh floor．
2．Which country does the woman want to visit this summer?
A．China．
B．Korea．
C．Australia．
3．What would the woman like to do?
A．Work a part-time job．
B．Take driving lessons．
C．Take a trip．
4．How does the man’s daughter usually go to school?
A．By bus．
B．On foot．
C．By bike．
5．Who was the last to get the passport?
A．Dominick．
B．Paul．
C．Jane．
第二节(共15小题；每小题1．5分，满分22．5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What time is it now?
A．2：30 pm．
B．3：00 pm．
C．3：30 pm．
7．What will the man probably do next?
A．Read a book．
B．Write a report．
C．Get an umbrella．
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．What does the man spend two hours doing this morning?
A．Doing French homework．
B．Listening to some music．
C．Searching online for music．
9．Who is the man’s favorite singer?
A．Pharrell Williams．
B．Bruno Mars．
C．Lady Gaga．
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．What does the man plan to do this Saturday?
A．Play football．
B．Do his work．
C．Visit a friend．
11．What does the woman want to do that surprises the man?
A．Move early in the morning．
B．Borrow his car for work．
C．Carry lots of boxes．
12．What day is it today?
A．Sunday．
B．Saturday．
C．Friday．
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．What is the survey about?
A．Family life．
B．Unusual hobbies．
C．Holiday activities．
14．What is the man interested in?
A．Visiting exhibitions．
B．Watching birds．
C．Collecting paintings．
15．What do we know about the man’s parents?
A．They live with the man．
B．They like to stay at home．
C．They are into art galleries．
16．Where does the man’s wife prefer to go?
A．The coast．
B．The woods．
C．The mountains．
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．Where will Carole Berg give a talk?
A．In the Green Room．
B．In the Lecture Hall．
C．In the Union Theater．
18．How long will the meeting last?
A．One hour．
B．One and a half hours．
C．Two hours．
19．What can the students do in the English Corner?
A．Meet the Student Union members．
B．Have a dance．
C．Enjoy a show．
20．How much is a ticket for the movie Sunday?
A．D|S7．
B．D|S6．
C．D|S5．
答案：1－5.BCCBC 6－10.BCABA 11－15.ACCAB 16－20.ABBCC
听力材料
(Text 1)
M：Could you tell me where Dr．Brown’s office is?
W：It’s on the fifth floor①，but the elevator can only go to the fourth, so you’ll have to use the stairs．It’s the seventh room on the left．
(Text 2)
M：Why don’t we go to China or Korea this summer?
W：It’s too hot there in summer．Why don’t we go to Australia instead？② The weather will be more comfortable there than in Asia．
(Text 3)
W：Jack, any plans for the coming vacation?
M：I’m looking for a part-time job to earn some money．What about you?
W：I’d like to take a trip to Tibet，③but my parents insist I take driving lessons．
(Text 4)
M：Jenny, does your son go to school by bike or by bus?
W：Neither．He usually goes to school by subway．What about your daughter?
M：Well, we live just by her school．④
W：That’s really convenient．
(Text 5)
M：Hey, Jane！What’s up？⑤
W：Hey, Paul．I just got something exciting in the mail．
M：Not your．．．
W：Yes！My passport！It finally came．You and Dominick have already got yours．⑤ I was starting to worry that I would not be able to join you on the trip．We should book our tickets right away if we want to get cheaper air tickets．
(Text 6)
W：Henry, what are you doing?
M：I’m reading a book．I have to write a book report tomorrow．
W：Don’t forget the basketball game begins at 4：00 pm．⑥
M：I never forget things．There are still one and a half hours before the game starts．
W：Has your watch stopped working?
M：What do you mean?
W：Look at my cellphone．
M：Oh, gosh！It starts in just an hour？⑥ I must get going，or I’ll miss the beginning of the game．
W：And don’t forget to take an umbrella．⑦ The weather report says it’ll rain tonight．
(Text 7)
W：Are you doing your French homework, Mickey?
M：No．I already spent two hours on it this morning．⑧Now I’m just listening to some music．
W：What are you listening to?
M：I’m listening to GetLucky by Daft Punk and Pharrell Williams．I really love this song．Have you heard it?
W：No．I’ll have to look for it online．
M：Whose music do you like best?
W：Katy Perry’s．She’s my favorite singer．But I also love Lady Gaga’s music．Who do you like best？Pharrell Williams?
M：No．I love Bruno Mars’ music．I can never listen to enough of his music．⑨
(Text 8)
W：Hey, will you be busy this Saturday？?
M：Probably．Why?
W：I’m moving to a new apartment, and I’d love it if my best friend could help me carry boxes into the car．
M：I’m so sorry, but I don’t think I can make it．I have to play football that day．⑩
W：Oh, come on！You can play football anytime!
M：Yeah, but I had to miss the last few weeks because I had too much work to do．I don’t want to miss it again．Can’t you move on Sunday instead?
W：It has to be Saturday？Someone else will move in to my old place the next day．
M：Oh，all right．I’ll help you．Well，what time should I show up?
W：Come around 5：00 am．
M：What？Why so early？?
W：I’m borrowing my friend’s car, and she needs it to drive to work later that morning．The only time I can use it is early in the morning．
M：All right！See you tomorrow, bright and early！?
(Text 9)
W：Excuse me, sir．We’re doing a survey on what people prefer to do for their holidays．? Do you mind if I ask you a few questions?
M：No, not at all．Please go ahead．
W：How often do you go on holiday?
M：I generally have a two-week holiday a year．
W：And what do you prefer to do when you are on holiday?
M：Well, I don’t usually visit my family．We live quite close so I can see them any time．I do like to visit museums and galleries．? It helps me improve my painting skill．I don’t really care to stay at home, like my parents do．?
W：What about your wife and your children?
M：My wife loves to visit the coast, ? since we live so close to the sea, so if the weather is good in the afternoons, we often go swimming in the sea, or just lie on the beach and enjoy the sun．My children like to go to the mountains and hike, though they also enjoy just sitting under the trees there, listening to the birds．
W：OK．Well, thank you very much for your time．
(Text 10)
You have reached the Student Union．The following is a list of our activities for Thursday．Professor Carole Berg will be speaking on the topic “Equal Pay for Women：It’s Still Not Here”．She will speak in the Lecture Hall from 9 am until 10 am．?The Student Union members will meet in Room 207 from noon until 1：30 pm to discuss new activities．? The folk dance club meets in the Green Room in the afternoon．All are welcome to attend．Bette Milder will be performing in the English Corner．The show begins at 8 o’clock．? All seats are D|S7．00 each．Tonight’s movie，Sunday，will be shown in the Union Theater at 7：00 pm and again at 9：00 pm．Tickets for the movie are D|S5 each．? If you would like to hear this recording again, please press the pound key to repeat the message．Thank you for calling．
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)
第一节(共10小题；每小题2．5分，满分25分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
In 2013, I realised that I needed a break from the office work, so I set out travelling．But I had no idea how much the decision would change me for the rest of my life!
Before travelling，I was always worried about what other people think of me．How I looked and dressed was really important to me．I was always worried about putting on weight, getting darker, wondering if I was good-looking enough to socialise and be one of the people I used to hang out with．It doesn’t matter now．I’m more confident with my colour, my weight, and how I dress．
I used to compete a lot even when I was still a kid．I always wanted to impress people with how smart I was, how I could handle any task ．．．But now, why should I feel like I need to compete? I only need to impress myself．My life is already complete; I just have to make sure that whatever I do will be positive(积极的) and make me a better person．
I was a 24-year-old Filipina with a successful career(事业) and had all of the things I could buy．But when I started travelling, I was no one．I have to learn a lot of things when travelling and I love it!
I thought the only skills I needed to improve were Microsoft Office and networking．Well I can now proudly say that I know how to fix beds in a hotel style, how to cook breakfast for a lot of guests, and how to work in a restaurant!
Besides the skills I’ve learned volunteering, I have completed several certifications(资格证) to start making money to support my new lifestyle．I am now a yoga teacher, an Ayurveda massage therapist(按摩师) and an English teacher．Now, with the new skills and certifications, I can work wherever I want!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者因一次偶然的决定开始旅行。这次经历改变了她以后的生活。
21．Why did the author start travelling?
A．To escape from her then-job．
B．To make herself a better person．
C．To look for an interesting lifestyle．
D．To experience different kinds of jobs．
A 解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的I realised that I needed a break ．．．set out travelling可知，作者起初开始旅行是为了暂时摆脱当时的工作。
22．How did travelling change the author’s life?
A．It improved her socialising skills．
B．It made her more impressive to people．
C．It changed the way she saw herself．
D．It helped her realise the true meaning of life．
C 解析：推理判断题。由第二段和第三段可知，在旅行之前，作者非常注重自己的长相、身形、着装等 ，在意他人对自己的看法，而且期盼获得他人的认可；开始旅行之后，作者变得更加自信，且不再追求他人的认可，只是努力让自己变得更好。因此，旅行改变了作者对自我的认知。
23．How is the text mainly organised?
A．By time． B．By space．
C．By comparisons． D．By examples．
C 解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者记述了自己开始旅行的原因，并采用今昔对比的方式，从几个方面阐述了旅行给自己带来的改变。提示本题答案的线索词汇或结构有：Before travelling, It doesn’t matter now, I used to, But now, I thought, I can now等。
B
The Golden Gate Bridge was the longest bridge in the world from 1937 when it was completed until the Verrazano Narrows Bridge was built in New York in 1964．Today, it is still the ninth longest bridge in the world．
For many years before the Golden Gate Bridge was built, the only way to get across San Francisco Bay was by ship．And by the early twentieth century the Bay was crowded because of them．In the 1920s, engineer and bridge-builder Joseph Strauss believed that a bridge should be built across the Golden Gate to solve the problem．
Many groups went against him，each for their own selfish reasons．Besides, the engineering challenge was also huge—the Golden Gate Bridge area often has winds of up to 60 miles per hour, and strong ocean currents(洋流) sweep below the surface．If all that weren’t enough，it was the middle of the Great Depression, and funds were hard to find．
Strauss didn’t give up, and the Golden Gate Bridge history began when San Francisco officials approved(批准) $35 million to build the Golden Gate Bridge．After the artistic design and red color were chosen, construction (建造) work began in 1933．The Golden Gate Bridge project was completed in 1937, an important date in San Francisco history．
Strauss was a pioneer in building safety．The Bay Bridge, which was being built at the same time cost 24 lives while the Golden Gate Bridge cost only 12, a great achievement in a period of time when one man was killed on most construction projects for every million spent．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国的金门大桥在建桥时面临重重困难，但是Joseph Strauss并没有放弃，最终于1937年建成这座大桥。
24．What do we know about the Golden Gate Bridge?
A．It remained the world’s longest bridge for 30 years．
B．It was the widest bridge worldwide when completed．
C．It is of the same age as the Verrazano Narrows Bridge．
D．There are only 8 bridges worldwide longer than it now．
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Today，it is still the ninth longest bridge in the world．可知，现在世界上只有八座桥比金门大桥长。
25．Why did Strauss want to build the Golden Gate Bridge?
A．To prove his artistic ability．
B．To build the world’s longest bridge．
C．To solve traffic jams at San Francisco Bay．
D．To make crossing San Francisco Bay possible．
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的the Bay was crowded because of them可知，Strauss建桥的原因是旧金山湾交通拥堵。
26．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．The necessity for building the bridge．
B．The hard time of the Great Depression．
C．The bad weather in the Golden Gate Bridge area．
D．The difficulties in building the Golden Gate Bridge．
D 解析：段落大意题。根据第三段的内容可知，该段主要讲述了建造这座大桥时面临的重重困难，包括反对意见、恶劣的地理因素及低迷的经济等。
C
Everything, no matter how great it is, will always have its problems．If you ever find yourself in an argument(争论) about renewable(可再生的) energy with someone who needs to receive more education, do your part for the environment by giving the following facts．
Argument one: renewable energy is expensive．This argument is only a surface truth．For a large house or small business, to start using renewable energy can be expensive at first．There’s a lot of equipment(设备) to buy．However, in the following 10 or 20 years, you’ll never see another power bill again．If you make lots of energy, you might even be able to sell it back to the power company．
Argument two: renewable energy takes up a lot of space．If you have a small yard, people might have told you that you’ll never be able to fit solar energy equipment in there．Even if you can’t, look at land for sale close to your place．If your neighbors are interested in going green, you might be able to go in together to buy a piece of land and build a large solar farm you can share．Many houses can benefit from one solar farm．Not everyone needs a big yard．
Argument three: renewable energy isn’t necessary．Renewable energy allows us to power our lives without using up anything．We don’t need to do much—we can just make receptacles(容器) for the free, renewable energy that already surrounds us．When you think about it, it’s almost like wasting energy if we don’t collect it．
Argument four: renewable energy isn’t as efficient(效率高的)．A UK based study on renewable energy actually found that it was a lot more efficient than traditional energy sources．Since it produces almost no waste heat, while most other energy sources can produce more than half of their production in waste heat, it’s safe to say that using the energy we already have in our daily life can be more than twice as efficient．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了使用可再生能源的必要性。
27．Why did the author write the text?
A．To develop arguments against renewable energy．
B．To explain why renewable energy should be used．
C．To teach people to make full use of renewable energy．
D．To show the importance of protecting the environment．
B 解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的If you ever find yourself in an argument(争论) about renewable(可再生的) energy with someone who needs to receive more education, do your part for the environment by giving the following facts．可知，作者写这篇文章是为了解释为什么应该使用可再生能源。
28．What’s the weak point of using renewable energy?
A．It’s mostly for small businesses．
B．It can be used for 20 years at most．
C．It takes up lots of money at the beginning．
D．It’s sometimes not enough for daily use．
C 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的For a large house or small business, to start using renewable energy can be expensive at first．There’s a lot of equipment(设备) to buy．可知，使用可再生能源初期投资比较大。
29．What does the author suggest when your yard is too small?
A．Make your solar farm to a smaller size．
B．Raise money with other people to buy land．
C．Move your family to a place with a bigger yard．
D．Put the solar energy equipment in your neighbor’s yard．
B 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的If your neighbors are interested in going green, you might be able to go in together to buy a piece of land and build a large solar farm you can share．可知，如果自己家的院子不大，可以跟邻居们一起筹钱买一块空地来放置太阳能设备。
30．In what way is renewable energy efficient?
A．Almost all of its production is usable．
B．It can produce heat in a very short time．
C．It produces more power than power companies．
D．Its waste heat is a bit less than traditional energy’s．
A 解析：细节理解题。由最后一段中的Since it produces almost no waste heat, while most other energy sources can produce more than half of their production in waste heat可知，可再生能源的利用率很高，几乎不会产生废弃热量。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When you prepare to go mountain biking, there are a few things to keep in mind．31．________ Work out whether you plan on taking exciting trips far off the beaten path or riding on more standard trails(小道), and whether you want to complete long-distance mountain journeys or shorter ones．
The next step is to make sure you have a good understanding of the International Mountain Bicycling Association’s Rules of the Trail．32．________ First, make sure to only ride on open trails．This means staying away from private areas, closed roads, and especially wilderness areas．Be considerate of others who are using the same paths as you, like the mountain bikers, horseback riders, or mountain climbers．
The third step is to make sure you have a bike that is suitable for the type of riding you plan to do．33．________ Don’t be afraid to shop around quite a bit—after all, this is something you’ll be spending quite some time on, and a bad fit can make for a lot of suffering down the trail．
Finally, get gear(装备) together for your trip and choose some trails．Always make sure you are entirely self-sufficient(自给自足的) on the trail．34．________ It is also important to carry a good helmet(头盔), and the tools or supplies you’ll need to do quick repairs or changes if the weather turns．35．________
A．Be careful of animals on the path．
B．Make sure to carry enough water and food．
C．Try riding different bikes to find the right one for you．
D．Choose short runs that can help you get used to the sport．
E．The first step is to decide what sort of riding you plan to do．
F．In a word, don’t get yourself in trouble and cause trouble to others．
G．Make sure you look after your environment and get on with others along the way．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了进行山地自行车运动时需要注意的几个事项。
31．E 解析：下文中的whether you plan on taking exciting trips．．．or shorter ones涉及几种不同的山地自行车运动方式，与E项中的what sort of riding you plan to do在语意上相符。
32．G 解析：下文中的make sure to only ride on open trails和Be considerate of others who are using the same paths as you介绍了骑行时要注意保护自然环境，并且照顾到同路的他人的感受，这些与G项中的look after your environment和get on with others along the way在语意上相符。
33．C 解析：上文中的have a bike that is suitable for the type of riding you plan to do与C项内容一致，都涉及合适的自行车的选择问题。
34．B 解析：B项中的water and food属于上文中的gear, 即骑行途中需要的装备。
35．F 解析：上文介绍骑行前做好装备的准备工作，F项便是这些准备工作的目的，即不让自己陷入困境，同时也不给别人添麻烦。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1．5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Three years ago, I was working as a lawyer．For a year or longer, my work was beginning to suffer．I __36__ got to the point where I couldn’t concentrate(集中注意力) —one of the early signs that something was __37__．I kept forgetting things．Legal work is complicated(复杂的), and you have to have a good __38__ to do that work．So I __39__ my job．I talked to my doctor about my family’s __40__ of Alzheimer’s; my father and grandfather had it．Then I was asked to do some tests．It __41__ that I have early-onset Alzheimer’s disease．
Needless to say, my life has __42__．My husband Dan retired(退休) soon after my diagnosis(诊断) __43__ we spend a lot of time together．__44__ going to work, I used to spend my days having lunch with my friends and __45__ my mother．I could drive up to see her before I started getting __46__．The situation wasn’t __47__，but I’d had to turn around enough times that it frightened me．I __48__ drive out of town．I stay in town．
I’m an independent person, but now I have to __49__ some of that independence．My husband and I mostly do the shopping together because I __50__ the list．
Dan and I are enjoying life while we can．Some people are saving money for trips years down the road．We’re not __51__； we take a trip every year．
The one thing I wish I could change is people’s __52__ when I tell them I have Alzheimer’s．They shut down．I can still __53__； it’s not like suddenly I can’t remember anything．This happened with my father．He was very __54__，and he had lots of friends．When his friends learned he got Alzheimer’s, they wouldn’t come to visit him．I think people should learn more about Alzheimer’s and __55__ that people with the disease can still socialize．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者描述了自己在患有阿尔茨海默病后生活所发生的变化；同时，她希望人们能够多了解阿尔茨海默病，改变对它固有的一些看法。
36．A．finally B．possibly
C．hardly D．certainly
A 解析：由上文中的my work was beginning to suffer可知，“我”的工作状态越来越糟，直到“最后(finally)”变得无法集中注意力。
37．A．different B．wrong
C．difficult D．strange
B 解析：由本句中的I couldn’t concentrate(集中注意力)和下文中的I kept forgetting things．可知，“我”的身体“有毛病(wrong)了”。
38．A．reason B．brain
C．chance D．hand
B 解析：由本句中的Legal work is complicated(复杂的)可知，要想从事法律工作，你需要“脑子(brain)”好。
39．A．continued B．got
C．left D．enjoyed
C 解析：由本句中的So以及下文的描述可知，“我”“辞掉(left)”了工作。
40．A．habit B．description
C．idea D．history
D 解析：由my father and grandfather had it可知，“我”告诉医生自己家有阿尔茨海默病家族“史(history)”。
41．A．made sure B．meant
C．turned out D．added
C 解析：由上文中的Then I was asked to do some tests．以及上文的描述可知，医生让“我”做一些测试。“结果表明(turned out)”“我”患有早发性阿尔茨海默病。
42．A．begun B．changed
C．returned D．ended
B 解析：由下文描述可知，作者的生活发生了“变化(changed)”。
43．A．so B．unless
C．as D．but
A 解析：“我”的丈夫在“我”确诊后很快便退休了，“因此(so)”我们有大量的时间在一起。
44．A．Apart from B．Along with
C．Because of D．Instead of
D 解析：由上文可知，“我”辞掉了律师的工作。再结合下文中的I could drive up to see her可知，因为“不用(Instead of)”去上班，“我”便有时间去“看望(visiting)”母亲。
45．A．helping B．visiting
C．missing D．calling
B
46．A．bored B．hurt
C．tired D．lost
D 解析：由本段中的but I’d had to turn around enough times that it frightened me可知，最近，“我”开车去看望母亲时，有几次“迷路(lost)”了。尽管情况不是很“糟(terrible)”，但还是让“我”感到害怕。
47．A．funny B．terrible
C．similar D．special
B
48．A．no longer B．once again
C．often D．still
A 解析：由下文中的I stay in town．可知，“我”“不再(no longer)”开车去市外。
49．A．ask for B．look at
C．give up D．show off
C 解析：由下文的描述以及下文中的My husband and I mostly do the shopping together可知，“我”是个很独立的人，但现在“我”不得不依赖他人。give up符合语境。
50．A．forget B．make
C．take D．hate
A 解析：由上文中的I kept forgetting things．可知，“我”大多数时候和丈夫一起去购物，因为“我”老是“忘记(forget)”购物清单。
51．A．waiting B．caring
C．pretending D．listening
A 解析：由上文中的Some people are saving money for trips years down the road．以及本句中的we take a trip every year可知，我们不会“等(waiting)”准备好了再去旅行。years down the road意为“多年以后”。
52．A．interests B．relationship
C．lives D．reaction
D 解析：由下文中的They shut down．以及I think people should learn more about Alzheimer’s．．．people with the disease can still socialize．可知，作者希望自己能够改变人们听到阿尔茨海默病时的“反应(reaction)”。
53．A．travel B．drive
C．talk D．learn
C 解析：由上文中的They shut down．以及本句中的it’s not like suddenly I can’t remember anything可知，“我”并不是突然间什么都不记得了。“我”还可以和人们“交谈(talk)”。
54．A．brave B．social
C．honest D．proud
B 解析：由and后的he had lots of friends可知，“我”的父亲“爱交际(social)”。
55．A．realize B．explain
C．expect D．imagine
A 解析：由上文中的The one thing I wish I could change is people’s．．．when I tell them I have Alzheimer’s．可知，作者希望人们可以多了解阿尔茨海默病并且能够“认识到(realize)”这种病并不影响患者进行社交。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1．5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
At just five years old, Nicholas Lowinger visited a homeless shelter with his mom．While there, he wanted 56．____________(show) off his new shoes．However, he quickly realized this would not be 57．____________good idea, because when he looked around, he 58．____________(see) many of the kids did not have shoes．He also noticed that some kids had sores(伤) on 59．____________(they) feet from wearing shoes that were not the right size．Nicholas started donating(捐赠) all the shoes he’d outgrown to local shelters．But he quickly realized his donations weren’t that 60．____________(help)．“No two people’s feet are the same, and if you are wearing someone else’s used shoes, your feet aren’t going to be very comfortable，” he said．
So in 2010, at the age of 12, Nicholas started a program 61．____________donated new shoes to homeless children．At first, what he did was part of a community service project．But he wanted that work to continue．62．____________ the help of his parents, he then started the Gotta Have Sole Foundation．
His charity centers on 63．____________(provide) new shoes to homeless kids to give them something that not only fits them, but is 64．____________(true) theirs．Up to now, his charity has provided new shoes to over forty-five thousand 65．____________(child) in homeless shelters in thirty-eight states across the USA!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一名叫Nicholas Lowinger的青少年捐鞋子帮助无家可归的孩子的故事。
56．to show 解析：考查不定式作宾语的用法。want to do sth．意为“想要做某事”。
57．a 解析：考查不定冠词。idea在此作“主意”讲，是可数名词，因为此处表示泛指，故填a。
58．saw 解析：考查一般过去时。由when从句的时态可知，设空处表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填saw。
59．their 解析：考查代词。设空处作定语修饰feet，表示“他们的”，故填their。
60．helpful 解析：考查形容词作表语的用法。由No two people’s feet are the same．．．your feet aren’t going to be very comfortable可知，设空处所在句意为“但是，他很快意识到他所捐赠的鞋子对那些孩子的帮助并不是很大”，故填helpful(有帮助的)。
61．which/that 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰program，且在从句中作主语，故填which/that。
62．With 解析：考查介词。with the help of．．．意为“在……的帮助下”。
63．providing 解析：考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处作介词on的宾语，故填providing。
64．truly 解析：考查副词。设空处作状语，表示“真正地”，故填truly。
65．children 解析：考查名词复数。设空处作宾语，表示“孩子”，由设空处前的forty-five thousand可知，此处应用名词复数形式，故填children。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
某英文报的Travel栏目正面向中学生征文，你有意参加。请你用英语写一篇观光报告，内容包括：
1．时间及地点；
2．游览经过；
3．你的感受。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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One possible version：
Last summer, I took a trip to Shanghai with my friends．
Our first destination was the Oriental Pearl Radio & Television Tower．Standing on the top of the TV tower and taking in the scenery of Shanghai really gave me a feeling of excitement．There we took many wonderful photos．The next day we went to Shanghai Disneyland and experienced a magical world．My dream came true—I met my favourite Disney characters．It was really fantastic．
Although it was just a two-day trip, I felt really happy, because I visited the places I’d wanted to go to for so long．
第二节 概要写作(满分25分)
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
“Stop the world, I want to get off！” This popular expression refers to a feeling of panic, or stress, that makes people want to stop whatever they are doing, try to relax, and become calm again．Stress is one of the most common causes of health problems in modern life．Too much stress results in physical, emotional, and mental health problems．
There are numerous physical effects of stress．Stress can affect the heart．It can increase the pulse rate, make the heart miss beats, and can cause high blood pressure．Stress can affect the respiratory(呼吸的) system．It can lead to asthma and cause a person to breathe too fast, resulting in a loss of important carbon dioxide．Stress can affect the stomach．It can cause stomachaches and problems of digesting food．These are only a few examples of the wide range of illnesses and symptoms resulting from stress．
Emotions are also easily affected by stress．People suffering from stress often feel anxious．They may have panic attacks and feel tired all the time．When people are under stress, they often overreact to little problems．For example, a normally gentle parent under a lot of stress at work may yell at a child for dropping a glass of juice．Stress can make people angry, moody, or nervous．
Long-term stress can lead to a variety of serious mental illnesses．Depression, an extreme feeling of sadness and hopelessness, can be the result of continued and increasing stress．Alcoholism and other addictions often develop as a result of overuse of alcohol or drugs to try to relieve stress．If stress is allowed to continue, then one’s mental health is put at risk．
It is obvious that stress is a serious problem．It attacks the body．It affects the emotions．Untreated, it may eventually result in mental illness．Stress has a great influence on the health, our feelings, and our minds．So, reduce stress: stop the world and rest for a while．
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One possible version：
Nowadays, the stress people suffer contributes to many health problems．(要点1) Primarily, too much stress destroys the well-being of our bodies, causing problems of our heart, respiratory system and stomach．(要点2) Emotionally, with stress people may feel anxious and can’t control their temper．(要点3) What’s worse, mental diseases like depression owe to untreated stress．(要点4)Therefore, only by reducing stress can we keep ourselves physically, emotionally and mentally healthy．(要点5)
