科学家警告：北极海冰的加速融化会造成不可控制的全球气候变化。
Melting Arctic Sea Ice Could Start
Uncontrollable Global Climate Change
The rapid melting of the Arctic sea ice could be about to bring about catastrophic(灾难性的) events across the world, scientists have warned.
The effects of the melting ice could be felt as far away as the Indian Ocean as the warm weather sets off 19 global tipping points(临界点), according to the new Arctic Resilience Report. Those tipping points happen when a natural system quickly changes, leading to great effects on nearby ecosystems that might never be reversed(彻底转变)．
In the Arctic, they include growing vegetation that stops snow and ice and so absorbs more heat, and the release of methane(甲烷) from the Arctic as it warms. The report includes a range of different disastrous events that are likely to be produced by the warming poles.
The findings come just as climate scientists have warned that sea ice in the Arctic appears to be melting
far more quickly than expected as the result of high temperatures.
Air over the Polar ice cap has been 9－12 degrees Celsius above average over the last four weeks, according to the Danish Meteorological Institute(DMI)．Through last week, temperatures reached melting point, putting them far above the expected temperature and serving as a dangerous signal for the sea ice there.
The temperature is “by far the highest recorded”，DMI researcher Martin Stendel told the AFP.“What we are observing is very unusual.”
At this time of year, the Arctic Ocean would be expected to start freezing up into sea ice again. But it isn’t happening.
“Not only was the ice not growing as it would normally, there was further melting due to warm air coming in，” he told the news agency.
That effect is being caused by a number of factors—not only climate change, but also temporary weather phenomena like El Ni?o. But those temporary(短暂的) things are being strengthened by climate change, which is the final driver of the melting sea ice, scientists said.
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
重点单词
阅读词汇
(在不认识的单词前划√)
□shark n． □dive v.
写作词汇
1.target v. 把……作为目标
2.attitude__n. (尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法，态度
拓展词汇
3.scare adj.使(某人)惊恐，吓唬→scared adj.对……感到惊慌的；吓坏了的
4．fortunately adv.幸运地→fortunate adj.幸运的；吉祥→fortune n．幸运；运气
5.extinction n．灭绝，绝种→extinct adj.绝种的；消亡了的
重点短语
1.in__fear 恐惧，担心
2．tell__the__story__of 讲述……的故事
3．be__scared/frightened__of/afraid__of
害怕……
4．due__to 由于，因为
5．cut__off 切断；阻断；隔绝
6．have__an__effect__on/upon 对……有影响
7.be__based__on 以……为基础/依据
8．come__across 偶遇
9．see...as... 把……看作……
10．from...on 从……时起
11．by__mistake 错误地；疏忽地
12．protect...from... 保护……免受……
13．raise__awareness__of... 提高对……的认识
重点句型
1.形容词(短语)作状语：Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid__of__the__horrible__creature__from__the__film(由于害怕电影里可怕的生物)．
2．was/were doing...when...：In 1980, Benchley was__diving__when(正在潜水就在这时) he came across an awful sight.
3．部分否定：Fortunately, not__everyone(并非每个人) who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks—some became interested in understanding them.
Read the text and fill in the blanks.
↓People had a long-held idea that the great white shark is 1.____________．
↓ People became more 2.____________ of sharks.
The number of large sharks fell quickly due to fear of sharks and 3.____________．
↓Peter Benchley admitted that his book was 4.____________ about sharks’ behaviour.
↓More people want to 5.____________ the sharks from extinction.
答案：1.dangerous 2.scared 3.finning 4.wrong 5.protect
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer according to the text.
1．What is the writer’s purpose of writing the passage?
A．To recommend the film Jaws and the book to people.
B．To criticize Peter Benchley’s misleading description of sharks.
C．To raise people’s awareness of shark protection.
D．To inform people that sharks are dangerous.
2．According to the passage, which one is WRONG about the film Jaws?
A．A woman died as a result of a shark’s attack.
B．It was popular with huge audiences.
C．It changed people’s long-held idea of shark as a dangerous animal.
D．It won a great reputation in the field of film.
3．Why did the number of large sharks fall quickly?
A．Because of the climate change.
B．Because of people’s killing and finning.
C．Because of lacking of enough food.
D．Because of the pollution of the ocean.
4．Nowadays, what is people’s attitude towards protecting sharks?
A．Neutral.
B．Indifferent.
C．Disapproval.
D．Favorable.
答案：1－4.CCBD
scare v．使(某人)惊恐；吓唬 n．恐慌；恐惧
(教材P62)People have always been scared of sharks, but Jaws made things worse.
人们一直都害怕鲨鱼，但《大白鲨》使情况变得更糟。
(1)scare...away/off 把……吓跑
(2)scaring adj. 令人害怕的；吓人的
scared adj. 对……感到惊慌的；吓坏了的
be scared of 害怕……
be scared to do... 害怕做……；不敢做……
①His sudden appearance gave me a scare when I was reading an interesting book.
我正在读一本有趣的书，他的突然出现吓了我一跳。
②Last night the sudden thunder scared(scare) the children.
昨天晚上，突然的雷声吓着了那些孩子。
③They managed to scare the bear away/off with a torch.
他们设法用火把把熊吓跑了。
④Having made mistakes, he is scared of facing his strict teacher.
他犯了错，不敢去面对严厉的老师。
⑤Seeing many cars going up and down the street, the boys were scared to__cross(cross) the street.
看到马路上来来往往的车辆，那些男孩子不敢过马路。
due to 由于；由……造成；应支付；归功于
(教材P62) This was not only due to fear of sharks, but also finning.
这不仅是因为害怕鲨鱼，而且还因为鲨鱼的鳍。
due adj. 应得的；应付的；预定的
be due to sb. 应付给某人
be due to sb./sth. 归因于某人/某物
be due to do sth. 预定/预期做某事
①The flight was put off due to the heavy fog.
这架班机因大雾停航。
②Any money that is due to you will be paid before the end of the month.
欠你的钱将在月底之前全部支付给你。
③The bus was due to__arrive(arrive) at 5 p．m., but it arrived one hour late due to being__held(hold) up by the heavy fog.
公共汽车预计下午五点钟到达，但由于大雾的阻碍它晚了一个小时。
[一词多义]——写出下列句中due to的含义
(1)Several traffic accidents happened on the highway due to the heavy fog in the morning.因为
(2)The money is due to me, but I haven’t got it yet.应支付
(3)The team’s success was largely due to her efforts.归功于
(1)当due to意为“由于；因……造成；应给予”时，其中的to是介词，并且在句中常常作表语或状语；当due to意为“即将/预期做……”时，其中的to是不定式符号，后接动词原形。
(2)表示“因为；由于”的介词短语还有because of, on account of, as a result of, owing to, thanks to等。
cut off 切断；阻断；隔绝
(教材P62)Finning is a type of fishing where sharks are caught and their fins cut off.
切鱼鳍是一种捕获的方式，在这个过程中鲨鱼被捕获，鱼鳍被切除。
cut down 砍倒；缩减；降价
cut up 切碎
cut in 插嘴；打断
①Both boys and girls are required to cut off long hair according to school regulations.
根据学校规定，无论男生还是女生都得剪掉长发。
②(山东卷)Finally, he reached a lonely island which was completely cut off from the outside world.
最终，他到达一个完全与外界隔绝的孤岛。
③(湖北卷)With more and more forests cut down，some animals are facing the danger of dying out.
由于越来越多的森林被砍伐，一些动物正面临着灭绝的危险。
[巧学活用]——用cut的相关短语填空
(1)After much bargaining(讨价还价)，the shop owner agreed to cut__down the price by 20%.
(2)The water supply of this district was cut__off because the water pipe was broken.
(3)Because the boy is too young, his mother has to cut__up all the food to feed him.
fortunately adv.幸运地
(教材P63)Fortunately, not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks—some became interested in understanding them.
幸运的是，并不是所有看过电影《大白鲨》的人都害怕鲨鱼——有些人开始对了解鲨鱼感兴趣。
(1)fortunate adj. 幸运的，吉祥的
be/feel fortunate (in) doing/to do... 做……很幸运
It is fortunate (for sb.) to do/that... (对某人来说)做
……是幸运的。
(2)fortune n. 运气；命运
(3)unfortunately adv. 不幸地
①Fortunately, the rain stopped before we started to have a picnic outside.
幸亏在我们动身去野餐前雨停了。
②I feel fortunate having/to__have(have) such a friend.
我有这样的朋友，真是幸运。
③Many of us are fortunate to__be(be) here with family.
我们中很多人都很幸运，能够在这里和家人们在一起。
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)It was fortunate that he had left the house before the fire broke out.
(2)I was late, but fortunately(fortunate) the class hadn’t started.
(3)Unfortunately(fortunate), I hurt my knee when I fell down on the ice.
attitude n．(尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法，态度
attitude to/towards... 对……的态度/看法
have/take a(n) ...attitude to/towards...
对……持/采取……的态度
①Keep a positive attitude and good things will happen.
保持积极的态度，好事就会发生。
②He’s an easy-going, friendly young man with a casual sort of attitude towards/to money.
他是个随和、友善的年轻人，不太在意金钱。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
他对家庭作业的态度不端正。
He has/take__a__bad__attitude__to/towards his homework.
形容词(短语)作状语
(教材P62)Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid of the horrible creature from the film.
有些人因为害怕电影里可怕的生物而不再在海里游泳。
句中“afraid of the horrible creature from the film”是形容词短语作状语，相当于because some people were afraid of the horrible creature from the film。
形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。
①Cold and hungry, he stopped working and went home.
因为又冷又饿，他停止工作回家了。
②I was back at home at almost midnight, thirsty and tired(tire)．
快到半夜时我才回到家，又渴又累。
③Obviously(obvious), a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.
很显然，好习惯有助于加速实现我们的目标。
形容词作状语与副词作状语的区别：形容词作状语表示主语的状态；副词在句中作状语通常修饰动词或修饰整个句子。
[巧学活用]——句式升级
(普通表达)She suddenly appeared and seemed happy and satisfied.
(高级表达)Happy__and__satisfied，she suddenly appeared. (形容词短语作状语)
was/were doing...when...
(教材P63)In 1980, Benchley was diving when he came across an awful sight.
1980年，本奇利正在潜水，就在这时他突然看到一个可怕的景象。
句中的when是并列连词，意为“就在这/那时”，相当于and then或and at the same time。
when作并列连词时常用于以下句型中：
be doing...when... 正在做……这时……
be about to do...when...＝be on the point of doing... when...
正要做……这时……
had just done...when... 刚做了……这时……
①I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.
我正想着这件事，突然听到有人叫我的名字。
②We were__doing(do) our homework when the light went out.
我们正在做家庭作业，灯突然熄了。
③We were about to__set(set) out when it began to rain.
＝We were on the point of setting(set) out when it began to rain.
我们正要出发，这时天开始下雨。
④I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang.
在劳累了一天之后，我刚上床睡觉，这时电话响了。
when作从属连词可引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”；还可引导让步状语从句，意为“既然；考虑到”。
品句填词
1．I told him how scared(害怕的) I was of being on my own.
2．As is known to us, tourists are an easy target(目标) for thieves.
3．I don’t know how to dive(潜水) under the water.
4．Fortunately(幸运的是), the whole family had survived the serious car accident.
5．As you get older, your attitude(态度) towards life changes.
完成句子
1．他刚跑进教室，这时老师进来了。
He__had__just__rushed__into__the__classroom__when the teacher came in.
2．因为急于完成这项工作，我们熬夜到很晚。
We stayed up late, anxious__to__finish__the__work．
3．由于下雨他迟到了，这让他的老板很生气。
He was late due__to__the__rain,__which made his boss angry.
4．学生们应该对学习保持积极的态度。
Students should keep__a__positive__attitude__towards/to their study.
5．因为工作忙，并非每个人星期天都回家。
Not__everyone__goes__home on Sunday because of busy work.
课文语法填空
The 1975 film Jaws was a great success, 1.attracting(attract) huge audiences and winning many awards. People have always been 2.scared(scare) of sharks, but Jaws made things worse. Many people 3.who/that saw the film considered sharks as bad animals. Some even began to fish for sharks. As 4.a result, the number of sharks fell quickly. This was not only due to fear of sharks, 5.but also finning. After finning, the sharks 6.are__thrown(throw) back into the sea where they die painfully. In 1980, Peter Benchley came across an awful sight. He 7.admitted(admit) that his book was wrong about sharks’ 8.behaviour(behave). 9.Fortunately(fortunate), more people become interested in sharks now, and they want 10.to__protect(protect) them from extinction.
单句语法填空
1．Hearing the bad news, they stood there in fear and trembling, not knowing how to do.
2．When he was walking home from the office that night, he was__attacked(attack) by several robbers.
3．Almost every child is scared(scare) of something，from monsters to dogs.
4．(北京卷)The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.
5．His plan was__based(base) on what he had learned from his teacher.
6．When I woke up, I found the ground covered(cover) with snow.
7．(陕西卷)I have an apology to make to you—I’m afraid I opened your letter by mistake.
8．Fortunately(fortunate), more and more people come to realize the danger of smoking and begin to stop it.
9．What is your attitude towards/to senior high students taking up a part-time job?
10．An artist has come up with a cool idea to raise awareness(aware) of global warming.
完成句子
1．把你的生活看作爱和欢乐吧，这真的很简单。
It’s really simple.See__your__life__as full of love and joy.
2．由于抽不出时间，我不得不放弃这个计划。
Unable__to__afford__the__time,__I had to give up the plan.
3．我正在玩电脑游戏，这时我妈妈突然闯进我的房间。
I was__playing__the__computer__games__when my mum suddenly broke into my room.
4．一个国家的经济问题往往会对全球产生巨大的影响。
The economic problems of one country often have__a__great__effect__on the whole world.
5．大家一致认为这次交通事故主要是由司机的粗心造成的。
It’s agreed that the traffic accident was largely due__to__the__driver’s__carelessness．
阅读理解
A
I’m 28 and live in Aix-en-Provence in the south of France.I have walked 975.5km(605 miles)for the environment, from Aix-en-Provence to Paris, picking up all the rubbish left on roads：810kg in total.I left my home on July 12 with my green bin, wanting to raise awareness of the state of the planet and its climate change problem.
Over 57 days，I managed around 17km of walking a day.I picked up 61kg of recyclable plastic，3，977 cigarette packets and 2，083 cigarette butts(烟蒂)，117kg of glass，162.5kg of metal and 325kg of non-recyclable waste.
I got the idea to do a walk for the environment during a trip to Latin America.I had gone to Brazil for the World Cup, and then I took a bus to see my friend Lola, who was studying in Peru at the time.The whole way，I found it amazing that so much rubbish was collected up along the roads.The plastic bags, cans, boxes, empty bottles...a total shock.Lima was playing host to the COP 20 climate summit，which was the precursor(前身) to the climate summit(顶点) in France.
After the UN climate summit in Paris，I’ll keep going with an organisation called Petra Patrimonia.We’ll be able to do so much if we can keep recycling and sorting(分类；整理) our rubbish properly.It’s a strategic step in promoting clean energy.Lola and I will also fight against the plant to be built in Gardanne, which apparently needs wood from Canada to work.
【解题导语】 本文讲述了作者为保护环境而做的努力：步行975.5公里去捡拾路上的垃圾。作者还讲述了自己如何想到这个点子以及将来打算如何继续为环保做贡献。
1．What did the author do for the environment?
A．He picked up rubbish on roads.
B．He walked instead of taking vehicles.
C．He only used recyclable items in his daily life.
D．He called for awareness of the climate change problem.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“picking up all the rubbish left on roads”以及下一段中对垃圾的具体描述可知，作者为环境做的事情是捡拾路上的垃圾。
2．What can we learn about the author’s walk for the environment?
A．It was 975.5 miles in length.
B．It lasted for about two months.
C．It focused on non-recyclable waste.
D．It started from Paris to Aix-en-Provence.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段开头的“Over 57 days”可知，这一旅程一共耗时57天，即大约两个月的时间。
3．The author got the idea of taking a walk for the environment ________．
A．under the influence of Petra Patrimonia
B．when watching the World Cup
C．on his way to visit a friend
D．when studying in Peru
C 解析：细节理解题。第三段第三句中的“The whole way”指的就是该段第二句提到的“I took a bus to see my friend Lola”的旅途。根据第三段前三句的内容可知，作者是在去看望一个朋友的途中想到这个点子的。
4．What is the author’s attitude towards the plant to be built in Gardanne?
A．Doubtful. B．Supportive.
C．Uninterested. D．Disapproving.
D 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“Lola and I will also fight against the plant to be built in Gardanne”可推知，作者反对在加尔达纳建这家工厂。
B
Work and life are always full of stress.How do you usually deal with your stress? Have you ever thought of doing housework? Do you think doing housework is helpful in dealing with stress? According to some psychologists, doing housework like washing dirty clothes can really make people relaxed.
“Doing simple housework such as cleaning windows or ironing clothes is a good way to face our stress without taking any medicine，”says Carol Clark, a successful psychologist in New York.She often advises people who are under lots of stress to try doing housework.“While washing something，”she says，“you can imagine you’re washing away something that is troubling you in your life.”
Do people all agree with her idea? Here are some different opinions.
“Housework is the reason for the stress in my life，”says Linda who works in a company in France.“As a mother of three, I have too much housework.Get me out of doing the housework and then I’ll really be able to relax.”
Gary is a single father of a seven-month-old baby.He is a doctor from Australia.“So, a man pays a psychologist $200 an hour for his problem about stress.However, he is just told to go back home and do some housework.I really don’t know who is crazier, the psychologist or the man！”
【解题导语】 工作和生活中充满了压力，美国一位著名的心理学家说，做家务可以减轻生活压力。但有很多人不同意这种观点。
5．Where does Carol Clark live?
A．In France. B．In England.
C．In Australia. D．In America.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第二段第一句中的“...says Carol Clark, a successful psychologist in New York.”可知，Carol Clark居住在美国。
6．What does Gary do?
A．He is a writer.
B．He is a psychologist.
C．He is a doctor.
D．He’s a clerk in a company.
C 解析：细节理解题。由最后一段第二句“He is a doctor from Australia.”可知，Gary是一位来自澳大利亚的医生。
7．From the passage, we know different people have different opinions about ________．
A．if simple housework can make people relaxed
B．if work and life can be full of pressure
C．if children enjoy doing simple housework
D．if people these days are under too much pressure
A 解析：推理判断题。由文章的最后两段可判断，不同的人对做家务是否能够减轻压力有不同的看法。
8．The best title for the passage may be ________．
A．Work and Life
B．The Reason for Stress
C．Housework and Stress
D．A Successful Psychologist
C 解析：标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了做家务是否可以让人放松，故C项适合作文章的标题。
完形填空
The Great Depression started in 1929 and lasted until about 1939.During that time, many people lost their__1__．My parents were __2__ them.It was 1935 when I was 10 years old.We still __3__ on relief(救济)．
A few days before Christmas, I was washing the __4__ after dinner when I looked out of a kitchen window and saw my father sitting on the stoop(门廊), wearing a(n) __5__ face.A mailman saw him and asked him what was wrong.
I heard my father say that he had __6__ his food vouchers(票券) and that the __7__ had gone beyond the time limit.He had tried to work as a laborer through the Works Progress Administration, but he __8__ because he wasn’t a very __9__ man.The work was too hard for him.I was __10__， having seen newspaper pictures of people being __11__ out of the apartments with all their belongings.“How much do you need？”the mailman asked __12__．My dad said he needed $33 for the rent.Without thinking twice, the mailman took out $50 from his wallet and __13__ it to my father.My dad said，“I don’t know when I’ll be able to pay you back.”The mailman put an arm around my father and __14__ him by saying，“Things will not be this way __15__．It doesn’t matter __16__ you will pay me back.”
The mailman __17__ me looking through the window and said，“There will be times in the future when someone __18__ your help.I hope you and your son __19__ today.Help them in your own __20__ and tell them what happened today.This will be my payback.Merry Christmas！”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。美国大萧条时期，作者一家靠救济生活。有一天，父亲正在发愁时，一位邮递员无私的资助使他们得以摆脱困境。
1．A.skills B．jobs
C．families D．houses
B 解析：根据上文中的“The Great Depression started in 1929 and lasted until about 1939.During that time, many people lost their”可知，经济大萧条时期很多人失去了“工作”。
2．A.for B．against
C．among D．between
C 解析：根据语境可知，作者的父母也在失业大军“当中”。
3．A.lived B．decided
C．researched D．worked
A 解析：根据语境可知，作者一家靠救济“生活”。
4．A.shoes B．dishes
C．socks D．feet
B 解析：根据下文中的“after dinner”以及“kitchen”可知，作者晚饭后正在厨房洗“碗碟”。
5．A.angry B．curious
C．confused D．anxious
D 解析：根据下文中的“A mailman saw him and asked him what was wrong.”可知，父亲脸色应该是“忧虑的”。
6．A.given out B．used up
C．carried away D．searched for
B 解析：根据上下文对作者一家人生活状况的描述可知，父亲告诉邮递员他的食物票券已经“用完”了。
7．A.report B．homework
C．rent D．check
C 解析：根据下文中的“My dad said he needed $33 for the rent.”可知，这里指“房租”逾期。
8．A.agreed B．failed
C．promised D．regretted
B 解析：根据上文中的“He had tried to work as a laborer through the Works Progress Administration, but he”可知，父亲尝试通过这个组织找苦力活，可是他“失败”了。
9．A.strong B．clever
C．helpful D．creative
A 解析：根据上文中的“as a laborer”以及下文中的“The work was too hard for him.”可知，因为父亲不是一个非常“强壮的”人。
10．A.scared B．puzzled
C．lonely D．surprised
A 解析：根据下文中的“having seen newspaper pictures of people being ______ out of the apartments with all their belongings”可知，作者想象自己一家也会像报纸上描写的一样被赶出来，所以很“害怕”那种情况的发生。
11．A.taken B．figured
C．picked D．kicked
D 解析：根据下文中的“out of the apartments with all their belongings”可知，没钱付租金很可能就会被“赶”出住所。kick sb.out of a place意为“将某人赶出某地”。
12．A.softly B．impatiently
C．excitedly D．shyly
A 解析：根据语境可知，那位邮递员“温和地”问：“你需要多少钱？”
13．A.returned B．pointed
C．showed D．handed
D 解析：根据语境可知，那位邮递员毫不犹豫地从钱包里拿出50美元并将钱“递”给父亲。
14．A.punished B．questioned
C．criticized D．encouraged
D 解析：根据下文邮递员所说的话可知，那位邮递员搂着父亲并“鼓励”他。
15．A.soon B．forever
C．completely D．finally
B 解析：根据语境可知，眼前的艰难状况不会“永远”延续下去的。
16．A.how B．whether
C．unless D．until
B 解析：根据语境可知，那位邮递员说：“你还不还钱都没关系。”这里是whether引导的主语从句。
17．A.stopped B．kept
C．noticed D．suggested
C 解析：根据语境可知，那位邮递员“注意到”作者一直从窗口看着他们。
18．A.refuses B．supports
C．expects D．receives
C 解析：根据语境可知，将来会有一天别人也“期待”你的帮助。
19．A.remember B．miss
C．share D．record
A 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示邮递员希望父亲和作者“记得”今天。
20．A.mind B．interest
C．time D．way
D 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示用你们自己的“方式”帮助他们并告诉他们今天发生的一切，就相当于还了这笔钱。
课件42张PPT。Unit 6 Earth firstUnit 6 Earth firstUnit 6 Earth firstUnit 6 Earth firstUnit 6 Earth firstUnit 6 Earth firsttargetattitude scarefortunatelyextinctionin feartell the story ofbe scared/frightened of/afraid ofdue tocut offhave an effect on/uponbe based oncome acrosssee...as... from...onby mistakeprotect...from...raise awareness of...afraid of the horrible creature from the filmwhennot everyonewas diving scaredaway/offof to crosstoto arrivebeing held因为应支付归功于offdowncut downcut offcut uphaving/to haveto bethatfortunatelyUnfortunatelytowards/tohas/take a bad attitude to/towardstiredObviouslyHappy and satisfiedwere doingto setsettingwhen本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．I told him how scared(害怕的) I was of being on my own.
2．As is known to us, tourists are an easy target(目标) for thieves.
3．I don’t know how to dive(潜水) under the water.
4．Fortunately(幸运的是), the whole family had survived the serious car accident.
5．As you get older, your attitude(态度) towards life changes.
完成句子
1．他刚跑进教室，这时老师进来了。
He__had__just__rushed__into__the__classroom__when the teacher came in.
2．因为急于完成这项工作，我们熬夜到很晚。
We stayed up late, anxious__to__finish__the__work．
3．由于下雨他迟到了，这让他的老板很生气。
He was late due__to__the__rain,__which made his boss angry.
4．学生们应该对学习保持积极的态度。
Students should keep__a__positive__attitude__towards/to their study.
5．因为工作忙，并非每个人星期天都回家。
Not__everyone__goes__home on Sunday because of busy work.
课文语法填空
The 1975 film Jaws was a great success, 1.attracting(attract) huge audiences and winning many awards. People have always been 2.scared(scare) of sharks, but Jaws made things worse. Many people 3.who/that saw the film considered sharks as bad animals. Some even began to fish for sharks. As 4.a result, the number of sharks fell quickly. This was not only due to fear of sharks, 5.but also finning. After finning, the sharks 6.are__thrown(throw) back into the sea where they die painfully. In 1980, Peter Benchley came across an awful sight. He 7.admitted(admit) that his book was wrong about sharks’ 8.behaviour(behave). 9.Fortunately(fortunate), more people become interested in sharks now, and they want 10.to__protect(protect) them from extinction.
单句语法填空
1．Hearing the bad news, they stood there in fear and trembling, not knowing how to do.
2．When he was walking home from the office that night, he was__attacked(attack) by several robbers.
3．Almost every child is scared(scare) of something，from monsters to dogs.
4．(北京卷)The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.
5．His plan was__based(base) on what he had learned from his teacher.
6．When I woke up, I found the ground covered(cover) with snow.
7．(陕西卷)I have an apology to make to you—I’m afraid I opened your letter by mistake.
8．Fortunately(fortunate), more and more people come to realize the danger of smoking and begin to stop it.
9．What is your attitude towards/to senior high students taking up a part-time job?
10．An artist has come up with a cool idea to raise awareness(aware) of global warming.
完成句子
1．把你的生活看作爱和欢乐吧，这真的很简单。
It’s really simple.See__your__life__as full of love and joy.
2．由于抽不出时间，我不得不放弃这个计划。
Unable__to__afford__the__time,__I had to give up the plan.
3．我正在玩电脑游戏，这时我妈妈突然闯进我的房间。
I was__playing__the__computer__games__when my mum suddenly broke into my room.
4．一个国家的经济问题往往会对全球产生巨大的影响。
The economic problems of one country often have__a__great__effect__on the whole world.
5．大家一致认为这次交通事故主要是由司机的粗心造成的。
It’s agreed that the traffic accident was largely due__to__the__driver’s__carelessness．
阅读理解
A
I’m 28 and live in Aix-en-Provence in the south of France.I have walked 975.5km(605 miles)for the environment, from Aix-en-Provence to Paris, picking up all the rubbish left on roads：810kg in total.I left my home on July 12 with my green bin, wanting to raise awareness of the state of the planet and its climate change problem.
Over 57 days，I managed around 17km of walking a day.I picked up 61kg of recyclable plastic，3，977 cigarette packets and 2，083 cigarette butts(烟蒂)，117kg of glass，162.5kg of metal and 325kg of non-recyclable waste.
I got the idea to do a walk for the environment during a trip to Latin America.I had gone to Brazil for the World Cup, and then I took a bus to see my friend Lola, who was studying in Peru at the time.The whole way，I found it amazing that so much rubbish was collected up along the roads.The plastic bags, cans, boxes, empty bottles...a total shock.Lima was playing host to the COP 20 climate summit，which was the precursor(前身) to the climate summit(顶点) in France.
After the UN climate summit in Paris，I’ll keep going with an organisation called Petra Patrimonia.We’ll be able to do so much if we can keep recycling and sorting(分类；整理) our rubbish properly.It’s a strategic step in promoting clean energy.Lola and I will also fight against the plant to be built in Gardanne, which apparently needs wood from Canada to work.
【解题导语】 本文讲述了作者为保护环境而做的努力：步行975.5公里去捡拾路上的垃圾。作者还讲述了自己如何想到这个点子以及将来打算如何继续为环保做贡献。
1．What did the author do for the environment?
A．He picked up rubbish on roads.
B．He walked instead of taking vehicles.
C．He only used recyclable items in his daily life.
D．He called for awareness of the climate change problem.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“picking up all the rubbish left on roads”以及下一段中对垃圾的具体描述可知，作者为环境做的事情是捡拾路上的垃圾。
2．What can we learn about the author’s walk for the environment?
A．It was 975.5 miles in length.
B．It lasted for about two months.
C．It focused on non-recyclable waste.
D．It started from Paris to Aix-en-Provence.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段开头的“Over 57 days”可知，这一旅程一共耗时57天，即大约两个月的时间。
3．The author got the idea of taking a walk for the environment ________．
A．under the influence of Petra Patrimonia
B．when watching the World Cup
C．on his way to visit a friend
D．when studying in Peru
C 解析：细节理解题。第三段第三句中的“The whole way”指的就是该段第二句提到的“I took a bus to see my friend Lola”的旅途。根据第三段前三句的内容可知，作者是在去看望一个朋友的途中想到这个点子的。
4．What is the author’s attitude towards the plant to be built in Gardanne?
A．Doubtful. B．Supportive.
C．Uninterested. D．Disapproving.
D 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“Lola and I will also fight against the plant to be built in Gardanne”可推知，作者反对在加尔达纳建这家工厂。
B
Work and life are always full of stress.How do you usually deal with your stress? Have you ever thought of doing housework? Do you think doing housework is helpful in dealing with stress? According to some psychologists, doing housework like washing dirty clothes can really make people relaxed.
“Doing simple housework such as cleaning windows or ironing clothes is a good way to face our stress without taking any medicine，”says Carol Clark, a successful psychologist in New York.She often advises people who are under lots of stress to try doing housework.“While washing something，”she says，“you can imagine you’re washing away something that is troubling you in your life.”
Do people all agree with her idea? Here are some different opinions.
“Housework is the reason for the stress in my life，”says Linda who works in a company in France.“As a mother of three, I have too much housework.Get me out of doing the housework and then I’ll really be able to relax.”
Gary is a single father of a seven-month-old baby.He is a doctor from Australia.“So, a man pays a psychologist $200 an hour for his problem about stress.However, he is just told to go back home and do some housework.I really don’t know who is crazier, the psychologist or the man！”
【解题导语】 工作和生活中充满了压力，美国一位著名的心理学家说，做家务可以减轻生活压力。但有很多人不同意这种观点。
5．Where does Carol Clark live?
A．In France. B．In England.
C．In Australia. D．In America.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第二段第一句中的“...says Carol Clark, a successful psychologist in New York.”可知，Carol Clark居住在美国。
6．What does Gary do?
A．He is a writer.
B．He is a psychologist.
C．He is a doctor.
D．He’s a clerk in a company.
C 解析：细节理解题。由最后一段第二句“He is a doctor from Australia.”可知，Gary是一位来自澳大利亚的医生。
7．From the passage, we know different people have different opinions about ________．
A．if simple housework can make people relaxed
B．if work and life can be full of pressure
C．if children enjoy doing simple housework
D．if people these days are under too much pressure
A 解析：推理判断题。由文章的最后两段可判断，不同的人对做家务是否能够减轻压力有不同的看法。
8．The best title for the passage may be ________．
A．Work and Life
B．The Reason for Stress
C．Housework and Stress
D．A Successful Psychologist
C 解析：标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了做家务是否可以让人放松，故C项适合作文章的标题。
完形填空
The Great Depression started in 1929 and lasted until about 1939.During that time, many people lost their__1__．My parents were __2__ them.It was 1935 when I was 10 years old.We still __3__ on relief(救济)．
A few days before Christmas, I was washing the __4__ after dinner when I looked out of a kitchen window and saw my father sitting on the stoop(门廊), wearing a(n) __5__ face.A mailman saw him and asked him what was wrong.
I heard my father say that he had __6__ his food vouchers(票券) and that the __7__ had gone beyond the time limit.He had tried to work as a laborer through the Works Progress Administration, but he __8__ because he wasn’t a very __9__ man.The work was too hard for him.I was __10__， having seen newspaper pictures of people being __11__ out of the apartments with all their belongings.“How much do you need？”the mailman asked __12__．My dad said he needed $33 for the rent.Without thinking twice, the mailman took out $50 from his wallet and __13__ it to my father.My dad said，“I don’t know when I’ll be able to pay you back.”The mailman put an arm around my father and __14__ him by saying，“Things will not be this way __15__．It doesn’t matter __16__ you will pay me back.”
The mailman __17__ me looking through the window and said，“There will be times in the future when someone __18__ your help.I hope you and your son __19__ today.Help them in your own __20__ and tell them what happened today.This will be my payback.Merry Christmas！”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。美国大萧条时期，作者一家靠救济生活。有一天，父亲正在发愁时，一位邮递员无私的资助使他们得以摆脱困境。
1．A.skills B．jobs
C．families D．houses
B 解析：根据上文中的“The Great Depression started in 1929 and lasted until about 1939.During that time, many people lost their”可知，经济大萧条时期很多人失去了“工作”。
2．A.for B．against
C．among D．between
C 解析：根据语境可知，作者的父母也在失业大军“当中”。
3．A.lived B．decided
C．researched D．worked
A 解析：根据语境可知，作者一家靠救济“生活”。
4．A.shoes B．dishes
C．socks D．feet
B 解析：根据下文中的“after dinner”以及“kitchen”可知，作者晚饭后正在厨房洗“碗碟”。
5．A.angry B．curious
C．confused D．anxious
D 解析：根据下文中的“A mailman saw him and asked him what was wrong.”可知，父亲脸色应该是“忧虑的”。
6．A.given out B．used up
C．carried away D．searched for
B 解析：根据上下文对作者一家人生活状况的描述可知，父亲告诉邮递员他的食物票券已经“用完”了。
7．A.report B．homework
C．rent D．check
C 解析：根据下文中的“My dad said he needed $33 for the rent.”可知，这里指“房租”逾期。
8．A.agreed B．failed
C．promised D．regretted
B 解析：根据上文中的“He had tried to work as a laborer through the Works Progress Administration, but he”可知，父亲尝试通过这个组织找苦力活，可是他“失败”了。
9．A.strong B．clever
C．helpful D．creative
A 解析：根据上文中的“as a laborer”以及下文中的“The work was too hard for him.”可知，因为父亲不是一个非常“强壮的”人。
10．A.scared B．puzzled
C．lonely D．surprised
A 解析：根据下文中的“having seen newspaper pictures of people being ______ out of the apartments with all their belongings”可知，作者想象自己一家也会像报纸上描写的一样被赶出来，所以很“害怕”那种情况的发生。
11．A.taken B．figured
C．picked D．kicked
D 解析：根据下文中的“out of the apartments with all their belongings”可知，没钱付租金很可能就会被“赶”出住所。kick sb.out of a place意为“将某人赶出某地”。
12．A.softly B．impatiently
C．excitedly D．shyly
A 解析：根据语境可知，那位邮递员“温和地”问：“你需要多少钱？”
13．A.returned B．pointed
C．showed D．handed
D 解析：根据语境可知，那位邮递员毫不犹豫地从钱包里拿出50美元并将钱“递”给父亲。
14．A.punished B．questioned
C．criticized D．encouraged
D 解析：根据下文邮递员所说的话可知，那位邮递员搂着父亲并“鼓励”他。
15．A.soon B．forever
C．completely D．finally
B 解析：根据语境可知，眼前的艰难状况不会“永远”延续下去的。
16．A.how B．whether
C．unless D．until
B 解析：根据语境可知，那位邮递员说：“你还不还钱都没关系。”这里是whether引导的主语从句。
17．A.stopped B．kept
C．noticed D．suggested
C 解析：根据语境可知，那位邮递员“注意到”作者一直从窗口看着他们。
18．A.refuses B．supports
C．expects D．receives
C 解析：根据语境可知，将来会有一天别人也“期待”你的帮助。
19．A.remember B．miss
C．share D．record
A 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示邮递员希望父亲和作者“记得”今天。
20．A.mind B．interest
C．time D．way
D 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示用你们自己的“方式”帮助他们并告诉他们今天发生的一切，就相当于还了这笔钱。
Section Ⅱ Integrating skills & Developing ideas
重点单词
阅读词汇
(在不认识的单词前划√)
□highlight v． □hunting n． □presentation n．□reserve n． □drought n．□flood n． □restore v.
□sustainable adj. □carbon n. □greenhouse n. □brochure n. □solar adj. □release v. □smog n.
□fog n. □severe adj. □infection n. □slide n. □false adj. □device n. □mode n.
□leak v. □plug n. □campaign n. □canteen n.
写作词汇
1.ocean n. 海洋，大海
2．staff__n. 员工
3．establish v. 建立，设立
4．damage v. 破损，损害，损伤
5．affect v. 影响
6．supply n. 煤气、电力、自来水
等供应(系统)
7.lecture__n. (尤指大学里的)讲座，讲课，演讲
8．amount n. 数量，数额
9．electricity n. 电
10.__remove v. 移走，搬走，去掉
11．urge__v. 竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促
12．average adj. 平均(数)的
拓展词汇
13.devote v．致力，献身，倾注→devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的→devotion n．热爱；献身；奉献
14．cruelty__n．残忍，残酷，残暴→cruel adj.残忍的；残酷的
15．adopt v．采取(某种方法) →adoption n．收养，过继；采取
16．reduce v．减少，降低→reduction n．减少，降低
17.permission n．允许，许可→permit vt.允许 n．许可证
18．majority n．多数，大多数(人或物)→major adj.主要的；多数的
19．concerned adj.焦急的，担忧的→concern n．& v．关心，担心；影响，涉及
20．contribute v．促成，造成(某事发生)；贡献；捐献→contribution n．贡献
重点短语
1.aim__at 目标是……； 旨在做……
2．keep...from__doing... 阻止……做……
3．be__used__to__do 被用来做……
4．take__care__of 照顾；照看
5．the__majority__of... 大多数……
6．mistake...for... 把……误认为……
7.break__down 分解
8．up__to 多达，高达
9．turn__off 关闭
10．common__sense 常识
11．take...into__account 把……考虑进去
12．depend__on 依靠；取决于
13．call__on 号召
重点句型
1.It takes time/money (for sb./sth.) to do sth.：It takes__hundreds__of__years__for__plastic__to__break__down(塑料需要几百年才能分解)．..
2．倍数句型：However, making a paper bag uses four__times__as__much__energy__as__making__a__plastic__bag(所消耗的能量是制作塑料袋的四倍) and up to three times the amount of water.
3．强调句型：It__is__the__production__of__food,__not__its__transport,__that(是食物的生产而不是食物的运输) uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases.
Read the text on Pages 68－69 and choose the best answer.
1．Why does the writer write the passage?
A．He wants to introduce some new ways to save energy.
B．He wants to correct the false green truths and show really green ones.
C．He wants to call on more people to protect the environment.
D．He wants to explain the importance of energy saving.
2．In the following, which one is NOT the disadvantage of plastic bags?
A．Causing litter.
B．Being treated as food by wild animals.
C．Taking much more time to break down.
D．Using much more energy to produce.
3．Why do people prefer to each local food?
A．Because it can save the energy used to transport.
B．Because it tastes better than the food transported long away.
C．Because its production uses less energy.
D．Because it produces less greenhouse gas.
4．According to the passage, when should you take a shower?
A．Anytime you like.
B．When you spend less than 8 minutes in a shower.
C．When your bath is quite large.
D．When you use about 50 litres of water.
答案：1－4.BDAB
devote vt.致力，献身，倾注
(教材P65) Now, she is a model and performance artist devoted to ocean conservation.
现在，她是一位致力于海洋保护的模特和表演艺术家。
(1)devote...to... 把……奉献给；把……专注于……
devote oneself to 致力于；献身于
(2)devoted adj. 深爱的；忠诚的
be devoted to 专心于；致力于
(3)devotion n. 热爱；奉献
①I don’t think we should devote any more time to this question.
我认为我们在这个问题上不应该花费更多的时间了。
②He devoted all his spare time to helping(help) his students with their English.
他把所有的业余时间都用来帮助他的学生学习英语。
③(四川卷)Before the exam，I devoted myself to preparing(prepare) for it.
考试之前，我全身心备考。
④We were deeply touched by his devotion(devote) to world peace.
他一心为世界和平做贡献，这使我们深受感动。
[巧学活用]——语法填空
Mrs. White, a devoted(devote) friend of mine, devoted all her energy to her career and her devotion(devote) to children made us vote for her. Finally, she was promoted(晋升) to headmistress.
damage v．& n．破损，损害，损伤
(教材P65)In recent years, we have seen large areas of wetland that were damaged by human activity.
近年来，我们看到大片湿地被人类活动破坏。
(1) 对……造成损害
(2)damage one’s health 损害某人的健康
①Do away with the bad habits that might damage your health.
去掉那些有可能损害你健康的坏习惯。
②Damage caused(cause) by the earthquake disaster can’t be ignored.
地震灾害导致的损失不容忽视。
③Eating too much meat one time will do damage to your stomach. 一次性吃太多的肉会对你的胃造成损害。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。
As we all know, smoking__can__damage__our__health．
affect v．影响；感动，打动
(教材P65)We’ve also seen droughts and floods caused by these changes, which affect the water supply downstream.
我们也看到了这些变化造成的干旱和洪水，它们影响了下游的供水。
(1)be greatly/deeply affected by 被……深深感动
(2)effect n. 作用；影响
have an effect on 对……产生影响
①I had to make important decisions that would affect me for the rest of my life.
我不得不作出影响我后半生的重大决定。
②All the people in the room were__affected(affect) to tears by his story.
屋里所有的人都被他的故事感动得流下了眼泪。
③The weight-loss pill has a strong side effect on people’s hearts.
这种减肥药对人的心脏有极强的副作用。
adopt vt.采纳，采用；收养
(教材P65)This includes keeping the original environment from being touched, as well as adopting new, sustainable ways of feeding farm animals.
这包括保持原始环境不被影响，以及采用新的、可持续的饲养农场动物的方法。
(1)adopt an idea/a plan 采纳意见/计划
adopt an approach/attitude 采取一种方法/态度
adopt a son 收养一个儿子
(2)adopted adj. 领养的；收养的
(3)adoption n. 采用，采纳；过继
①He decided to adopt a new approach to teaching languages.
他决定采用一种新的语言教学法。
②Mr. White is the adopted son of Mrs. Joanna, who adopted him when his parents died 20 years ago.(adopt)
怀特先生是乔安娜女士的养子。20年前他的父母去世时，乔安娜收养了他。
③We will encourage a wider adoption(adopt) of this method.
我们将鼓励更广泛地采用这种方法。
注意不要将adopt和adapt混淆。adapt意为“使……适应；改编，改写”，常见搭配：adapt to适应；adapt oneself to使自己适应……
[巧学活用]——选词填空(adopt/adapt)
The young couple adopted the suggestion that they should adopt an orphan. After a few months, the adopted child adapted to his new life.
reduce v．减少，降低
(教材P66)Reduce waste by choosing reusable products...
通过选择可重复利用产品来减少浪费……
(1)reduce...to... 把……降到/减少到……
reduce...by... 把……降低/减少了……
(2)reduction n. 降低；减少
①Speaking of pollution, we really need to reduce the use of cars.
说到污染，我们真的需要减少汽车的使用。
②Though the price of the house has been reduced by 10% since 2019, we can’t afford it either.
尽管从2019年以来房价下降了10%，我们还是买不起。
③Last week the price of eggs reduced to 6 yuan per kilogram.
上周，鸡蛋的价格降至每千克6元。
amount n．数量；数额 vi.合计；相当于
(教材P68)However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.
然而，制作纸袋所消耗的能量是制作塑料袋的四倍，水的消耗量是塑料袋的三倍。
(1)a large amount of＝large amounts of 大量的
(2)in large/small amounts 大量地/少量地
①It was obvious that the man made a large amount of money in California.
很显然，这个人在加利福尼亚州赚了一大笔钱。
②A large amount of medicine__is(be) indeed needed in the earthquake-hit area.
地震灾区确实需要大量的药品。
③Large amounts of money are__spent(spend) on the celebration.
大量的资金被花在庆祝活动上。
“a large amount of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“large amounts of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
take...into account (＝take account of)
把……考虑进去
(教材P69) In some cases, local produce might have used more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away—even taking into account its transport.
在某些情况下，当地的农产品可能比很远的地方的农产品消耗了更多的能源，产生了更多的温室气体，还要考虑到运输。
account vi.& vt. 认为；说明；总计有
n. 说明；理由；计算；账目
account for 是……的原因；解释；导致；占……(比
例)
give an account of 说明
on account of 由于，因为
①He was too shocked to give an account of what had happened on the spot.
他震惊得无法描述现场发生了什么事情。
②She was absent from school on account of illness yesterday.
昨天她因病没有去学校。
③You’ll have to account for__why you told a lie to me.
你必须向我解释你为什么向我撒谎。
[巧学活用]——词汇升级
(普通表达)I sincerely hope that you will consider my suggestions.
(高级表达)I sincerely hope that you will take__my__suggestions__into__account．
urge v．竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促
(教材P71)It urges people to save food by not wasting anything on the dining table.
它敦促人们节约食物，不要浪费餐桌上的任何东西。
(1)urge vt. 催促；主张
urge sb. to do sth./into doing sth.
敦促某人做某事
urge that...(should) do sth.
强烈要求……(应该)做某事；极力主
张……(应该)做某事
(2)urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的
①It is impolite for one to urge other people to drink in the west.
在西方，过分劝酒是不礼貌的。
②They urged that the library (should)__be__kept(keep) open during the vacation.
他们极力主张图书馆在假期开放。
③I’m afraid something urgent(urge) has come up; I won’t be to see you tonight.
很抱歉，我有些急事；今天晚上不去见你了。
concerned adj.焦急的；担忧的
(1)be concerned about/for... 担心/关心……
be concerned with/in... 与……有关
as/so far as...be concerned 就……而言
(2)concern n. [U]担心；关切；[C]
关心的人(或)事
vt. 涉及，参与；(使)担忧
show concern about/for 对……表示关心/担心
①After being told her son was lost, a concerned look appeared on her face.
被告知她的儿子失踪后，她脸上出现了担心的表情。
②My English teacher showed great concern about/for me and I felt very warm.
我的英语老师很关心我，我感到很温暖。
③We had several disputes concerned(concern) with this matter.
关于此事，我们曾争论过数次。
④As far as I am concerned(concern), parents are too concerned about/for the future of their children.
在我看来，父母太过关心他们孩子的未来了。
concerned用作形容词时意为“担忧的；关心的”；用作后置定语时意为“相关的；有关的”。另外concerning用作介词时意为“关于；对于”。
[巧学活用]——用concern的相关用法填空
As__far__as__I__am__concerned,__educators should be__concerned__about the problems that are__concerned__with the healthy growth of the children.
就我而言，教育工作者应该关心与儿童健康成长有关的问题。
contribute v．促成，造成(某事发生)；贡献；捐献
(1)contribute to (doing) ... 有助于；促成
contribute...to... 向……捐献……；
向……投稿
(2)contribution n. 贡献；捐款；投稿
make contributions/a contribution to
对……作出贡献
①(牛津词典)The writer personally contributed ￡5，000 to the earthquake fund.
那位作家亲自捐赠了5 000英镑给地震基金。
②The invention of paper is a great contribution(contribute) to human civilization.
纸的发明是对人类文明的一大贡献。
③To make our country stronger, everyone should make his/her contributions(contribute)．
为了让我们的国家更加强大，每个人都必须作出贡献。
④I am sure your suggestion will contribute to solving(solve) the problem.
我确信你的建议将有助于解决这个问题。
[巧学活用]——用contribute的适当形式或短语完成小片段
Many people contributed__money__to the poor boy, which contributed__to his returning to school. A writer wrote this story and contributed it to a magazine.
许多人给这个可怜的小男孩捐钱， 这使他重新回到了校园。一个作家把这个故事写了下来， 并给一家杂志投稿。
It takes time (for sb./sth.) to do sth.
(教材P68)It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down...
塑料需要几百年才能分解……
It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.意为“做某事花费(某人)多少时间”，其中It为形式主语， 后面的不定式短语to do sth. 是真正的主语。此外， take 还可表示“需要” 之意， it takes/took...to do sth.做某事需要……
(1)sth. take (sb.) some time某事花费(某人)多少时间
(2)sb.spend some time/money (in) doing/on sth.某人花费多少时间/金钱做某事
(3)sth. cost (sb.) some time/money某事/物花费(某人)多少时间/金钱
(4)sb.pay some money for sth./to do sth.某人花费多少金钱为某物/做某事
①It took me quite a long time to understand the meaning of the painting.
我花了相当长的时间才理解那幅画的意义。
②Believe it or not, it takes great courage to__tell(tell) the truth.
信不信由你，说实话需要勇气。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)These days，music fans spend__less__money__in__buying records than people used to do. (spend)
如今，音乐迷在买唱片上花的钱比人们以前花得要少。
(2)a.We’ll have to save as much as possible in order to pay__for__the__new__house. (pay)
为了买新房子，我们不得不尽量节俭。
b．I paid__him__20__dollars__to__repair my bike. (pay)
我付给他20美元修自行车。
(3)The book cost__me__8__dollars. (cost)
这本书花了我8美元。
倍数句型
(教材P68)However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.
然而，制作纸袋所消耗的能量是制作塑料袋的四倍，水的消耗量是塑料袋的三倍。
句中four times as much energy as making a plastic bag是倍数比较的常用形式，其结构为： ...倍数＋as many/much＋n.＋as...。
常见的倍数句型：
A is＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.的原级＋as＋B.
A is＋倍数＋adj./adv.的比较级＋than＋B.
A is＋倍数＋the size/length/height/depth/width＋of＋B.
①This year our company has published twice as many books as we did last year.
今年我们公司已经出版的书是去年的两倍。
②There is four times as much water in this pot as in that one.
这个壶里的水是那个壶里的四倍。
③The new stadium built for the 2022 Winter Olympics will be three times as big as the present one.
为迎接2022年冬季奥运会而修建的体育场将是现在的三倍大。
④This street is four times the length(long) of that one.
这条街是那条街的四倍长。
times只用于倍数大于或等于三时，两倍用twice或double表示。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
我们学校的面积是他们学校面积的三倍大。
(1)Our school is three times as__large__as their school.
(2)Our school is twice larger__than their school.
(3)Our school is three times the__size of their school.
品句填词
1．Giving up smoking reduces(减低) the risk of heart disease.
2．Mother urged(要求) me not to tell you anything about it.
3．Tu Youyou has devoted(奉献) her whole energy to medicine science.
4．The earthquake has caused great damage(破坏) to the town.
5．The average(平均的) age of the students in our school is 17.
6．Our country attaches great importance to establishing(建立) reserves for animals in danger.
7．He never adopts(采纳) other’s advice so that he always makes mistakes.
8．Too much screen time may affect(影响) children’s eyesight.
9．The majority(大多数) of people in the town are strongly in support of the plan to build a playground for children.
10．May I have your permission(允许) to leave a little earlier?
完成句子
1．吃过多的垃圾食品会导致肥胖。
Too much junk food may contribute__to__fatness．
2．袁隆平将自己奉献给了水稻研究。
Yuan Longping has devoted__himself__to the study of rice.
3．足球赛被推迟了是因为天气不好。
It__was__because__of__the__bad__weather__that the football match was put off.
4．今年，我们读的书是去年的三倍。
This year, we have read three__times__as__many__books__as we did last year.
5．上个月我得了重感冒，花了整整一周的时间才恢复过来。
I caught a bad cold last month and it__took__a__whole__week__for__me__to recover from it.
单句语法填空
1．Horace is so devoted(devote) to his garden that he hasn’t been away for 10 years.
2．Britain had laws against cruelty(cruel) to animals but none to protect children.
3．Aimed(aim) at improving the level of English, English Corner is held once a week.
4．We are not permitted to__talk(talk) in the library, nor can we take books out without permission.
5．Body language is one of the most powerful means of communication.It is used to__express(express) their thoughts and opinions and to communicate with each other.
6．When the headmaster spoke out his plan, the majority(major) of the students in the class were against it.
7．One third of the area has__been__affected(affect) by the severe drought in the past two months.
8. It is said that this new kind of products has__adopted(adopt) nanotechnology(纳米技术)．
9．The immigrant workers in this city have been reduced by 30% after the 2018 Spring Festival.
10．If you are the last man to leave the room, remember to__turn(turn) off the lights.
完成句子
1．每个周末打扫房子花费她两个小时。
It__takes__her__two__hours__to__clean the house every weekend.
2．这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。
This tree is three__times__as__tall__as/three__time__taller__than/three__times__the__
height__of that one.
3．尽管那次大地震对这座城市造成了巨大的破坏，但它很快就从废墟中重建了起来。
Although that big earthquake did__great__damage__to this city, it was soon rebuilt from the ruins.
4．既然你长大了，就不应该依靠你的父母了。
Now that you are grown-up, you should not depend__on__your__parents．
5．你已经没有机会了。我必须设法让你避免犯相同的错。
There is no chance left.I’m trying to__keep__you__from__making__the__same__mistake．
阅读理解
A
We already know the fastest, least expensive way to slow down climate change—use less energy.With a little effort, and not much money, most of us could reduce our energy diets by 25 percent or more—doing the Earth a favor while also helping our wallets.
Not long ago, my wife, PJ, and I tried a new diet—not to lose a little weight but to answer an annoying question about climate change.Scientists have reported recently that the world is heating up even faster than predicted only a few years ago, and that the consequences could be severe if we don’t keep reducing emission(排放) of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases that are trapping heat in our atmosphere.
We decided to try an experiment.For one month we recorded our personal emission of CO2.We wanted to see how much we could cut back, so we went on a strict diet.The average US household produces about 150 pounds of CO2 a day by doing common things like turning on air-conditioning or driving cars.That’s more than twice the European average and almost five times the global average, mostly because Americans drive more and have bigger houses.But how much should we try to reduce?
For an answer, I checked with Tim Flannery, author of The Weather Makers: How Man Is Changing the Climate and What It Means for Life on Earth.In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emission to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping__points,__such as the melting(融化) of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica.“To stay below that point, we need to reduce CO2 emission by 80 percent，”he said.
Good advice, I thought.I’d opened our bedroom windows to let the wind in.We’d gotten so used to keeping our air-conditioning going around the clock.I’d almost forgotten the windows even opened.We should not let this happen again.It’s time for us to change our habits if necessary.
【解题导语】 作者通过讲述自己一家人切实有效地减少温室气体排放量的行动，向我们证明了“节约能源从家庭做起，从我做起”的重要性。
1．Why did the author and his wife try a new diet?
A．To take special kinds of food.
B．To respond to climate change.
C．To lose weight.
D．To improve their health.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句话中的“not to lose a little weight but to answer an annoying question about climate change”可知，作者和妻子这么做的目的是回答一个令人烦恼的气候变化问题。
2．The underlined words “tipping points” most probably refer to “________”．
A．freezing points B．burning points
C．melting points D．boiling points
C 解析：词义猜测题。在他的书中，他要读者大幅减少个人温室气体排放量，以免世界来到“熔点”，下面给出的例子“such as the melting(融化) of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica”， 可以判断出C项正确。
3．According to the passage, Tim Flannery ________．
A．made deep cuts in his personal emission of CO2
B．wrote a book about the climate changes
C．succeeded in reducing CO2 emission by 80 percent
D．was an author popular among readers
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句可知， Tim Flannery的书是有关气候变化的，故B项正确。
4．Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
A．Saving Energy Starts at Home
B．Changing Our Habits Begins at Work
C．Changing Climate Sounds Reasonable
D．Reducing Emission of CO2 Proves Difficult
A 解析：标题归纳题。作者通过讲述自己一家人切实有效地减少温室气体排放量的行动，向我们证明了“节约能源从家庭做起，从我做起”的重要性。
B
Tonight, my piano recital(钢琴演奏会) was the most important thing in my family.My grandparents were coming by plane to hear me play.Even my busy Aunt Dianne, who is on TV every night reading the news, was coming.
But one thing was for sure.I would never win an award for my piano playing.And that’s just because the more I practised, the more nervous I got.So there I was, on stage，in my beautiful dress, and I sat down at the piano.But when I started to play，I hit a wrong note.I told myself to start over.But then I hit the wrong note again.It was as if I hadn’t practised at all.
Finally the__disaster__was over.I ran off the stage.I couldn’t understand why people were applauding(鼓掌)．But they were.My mum and dad had flowers for me，and they were all supposed to go out for a nice dinner，but I couldn’t.I just wanted to go home and cry and never go anywhere again.After we went back home，Aunt Dianne just came in and sat down on the side of my bed.
“It was my first night on the air，” she said，“I had never been on television before，and I made a mistake.I mispronounced my name and the name of the news show.And you know what？No one even noticed but me.Just like tonight, no one noticed—just you.”Aunt Dianne was right.I think we are harder on ourselves than anyone else is.Maybe I will leave my room.And maybe, I’ll play the piano again.
【解题导语】 作者因在钢琴演奏会上弹错了几个音符而感到十分沮丧，在姑姑的安慰和开导下，作者领悟到犯错在所难免，有时不应该对自己太苛刻，于是重拾弹奏钢琴的信心。
5．The underlined part “the disaster” in Paragraph 3 refers to “________”．
A．the loud cheers of the audience
B．the laughs from the audience
C．the author’s piano performance
D．the author’s practice on the stage
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句“Tonight，my piano recital(钢琴演奏会) was the most important thing in my family.”和第三段第二句“I ran off the stage.”可知，the disaster指的是作者的钢琴表演。
6．We can infer from the text that ________．
A．music played a big role in the author’s life
B．the author enjoyed staying with her family
C．piano practice made the author feel confident
D．the author got support from her family
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段后两句“My grandparents were coming...my busy Aunt Dianne...was coming.”和第三段第五句“My mum and dad had flowers for me...”可知，作者获得了家人的支持。
7．What did the author learn from her piano performance?
A．Don’t be too hard on yourself.
B．Things seldom go as well as people expect.
C．No one will care what others have done.
D．Never think much of a matter.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Aunt Dianne was right.I think we are harder on ourselves than anyone else is.”可知A项正确。
8．What would be the best title for the text?
A．A Piano Lesson
B．My Family and I
C．My Aunt Dianne
D．A Piano Recital Disaster
D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，作者主要围绕一次糟糕的钢琴演奏会展开叙述。
七选五
People with bad manners are refused in the world of work.They do not get good jobs or promotions(晋升)．Their businesses do not succeed.1.________They are liked and supported.They have friends, luck and success.When you improve your manners, you improve your chances of success.The following are several examples of good manners.
Be polite to everyone you meet.2.________For example, when you go on a job interview, be polite to the desk clerk as they can affect your chances of success.Use these magic words as often as possible: Hello, Please, Excuse me and Sorry, and use the two most important words: Thank you.
Use good manners in all of your communications.Examples: Return telephone and email messages within 24 hours; If you receive a rude message, do not respond with rudeness, but be polite; Do not interrupt people.3.________
4．________ Cutting in front of other cars only gains you a few seconds of time.If you are polite, patient and calm, you will arrive safely and feel more relaxed.A good sense of humor shows good manners.5.________Before starting important conversations, meals or meetings, turn off your mobile phone.Ignoring people while you use your phone is impolite.
A．Use good manners when driving.
B．People with good manners are accepted.
C．You will never regret being polite, but you might regret being rude.
D．You should learn good manners from people around you.
E．Tell jokes or pass on humorous stories that everyone will enjoy.
F．Make sure people are ready to listen to you before you start talking.
G．It is better to make a careful plan before you take action.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要谈论的是人们在生活和工作方面都要注意文明礼仪以及有礼貌的好处。
1．B 解析：空前两句讲述的是没有礼貌的人生活和工作都不会成功。再根据空后两句“They are liked and supported.They have friends, luck and success.”中的They应该是指有礼貌的人。所以选B项“People with good manners are accepted.”对有礼貌的人和没有礼貌的人进行前后对比。
2．C 解析：根据本段第一句“Be polite to everyone you meet.”可知本段主要讲述的是我们对所遇见的人要有礼貌。所选答案必须是与polite相关的句子，只有C项“You will never regret being polite, but you might regret being rude.”是在讲述polite的好处。故C项符合本段中心思想。
3．F 解析：根据空前一句“Do not interrupt people.”不要打断别人。也就是说在你说话的时候要知道对方是否愿意听你讲话，你有没有打断别人的发言。所以F项“Make sure people are ready to listen to you before you start talking.”符合上下文语境。
4．A 解析：根据空后一句“Cutting in front of other cars only gains you a few seconds of time.”插到其他汽车前面只会节省你几秒钟的时间。说明本段是关于开车的礼仪。故A项“Use good manners when driving.”符合本段大意。
5．E 解析：根据空前一句“A good sense of humor shows good manners.”幽默也说明有礼貌。本句应该与上句相一致，谈论的都是与幽默有关的话题。选项中只有E项“Tell jokes or pass on humorous stories that everyone will enjoy.”是与幽默有关的。所以E项符合前后文语境。
课件55张PPT。Unit 6 Earth firstoceanstaff establishdamageaffectsupplylectureamountelectricityremoveurge averagedevotecruelty adopt reducepermissionmajorityconcerned contributeaim at keep...from doing...be used to dotake care ofthe majority of...mistake...for...break downup toturn offcommon sensetake...into accountdepend oncall ontakes hundreds of years for plastic to break downfour times as much energy as making a plastic bagIt is the production of food, not its transport , thathelpingpreparingdevotiondevotedto devotioncausedtosmoking can damage our healthwere affectedonadopted adoptedadoptionadoptedadopt adoptedadaptedbytoisare spentonfor take my suggestions into account(should) be kepturgentabout/forconcernedconcernedabout/for As far as I am concernedbe concerned aboutare concerned with contributioncontributionssolvingcontributed money tocontributed tocontributedto tellspend less money in buying pay for the new housepaid him 20 dollars to repaircost me 8 dollarsas lengthas large aslarger thanthe size本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．Giving up smoking reduces(减低) the risk of heart disease.
2．Mother urged(要求) me not to tell you anything about it.
3．Tu Youyou has devoted(奉献) her whole energy to medicine science.
4．The earthquake has caused great damage(破坏) to the town.
5．The average(平均的) age of the students in our school is 17.
6．Our country attaches great importance to establishing(建立) reserves for animals in danger.
7．He never adopts(采纳) other’s advice so that he always makes mistakes.
8．Too much screen time may affect(影响) children’s eyesight.
9．The majority(大多数) of people in the town are strongly in support of the plan to build a playground for children.
10．May I have your permission(允许) to leave a little earlier?
完成句子
1．吃过多的垃圾食品会导致肥胖。
Too much junk food may contribute__to__fatness．
2．袁隆平将自己奉献给了水稻研究。
Yuan Longping has devoted__himself__to the study of rice.
3．足球赛被推迟了是因为天气不好。
It__was__because__of__the__bad__weather__that the football match was put off.
4．今年，我们读的书是去年的三倍。
This year, we have read three__times__as__many__books__as we did last year.
5．上个月我得了重感冒，花了整整一周的时间才恢复过来。
I caught a bad cold last month and it__took__a__whole__week__for__me__to recover from it.
单句语法填空
1．Horace is so devoted(devote) to his garden that he hasn’t been away for 10 years.
2．Britain had laws against cruelty(cruel) to animals but none to protect children.
3．Aimed(aim) at improving the level of English, English Corner is held once a week.
4．We are not permitted to__talk(talk) in the library, nor can we take books out without permission.
5．Body language is one of the most powerful means of communication.It is used to__express(express) their thoughts and opinions and to communicate with each other.
6．When the headmaster spoke out his plan, the majority(major) of the students in the class were against it.
7．One third of the area has__been__affected(affect) by the severe drought in the past two months.
8. It is said that this new kind of products has__adopted(adopt) nanotechnology(纳米技术)．
9．The immigrant workers in this city have been reduced by 30% after the 2018 Spring Festival.
10．If you are the last man to leave the room, remember to__turn(turn) off the lights.
完成句子
1．每个周末打扫房子花费她两个小时。
It__takes__her__two__hours__to__clean the house every weekend.
2．这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。
This tree is three__times__as__tall__as/three__time__taller__than/three__times__the__
height__of that one.
3．尽管那次大地震对这座城市造成了巨大的破坏，但它很快就从废墟中重建了起来。
Although that big earthquake did__great__damage__to this city, it was soon rebuilt from the ruins.
4．既然你长大了，就不应该依靠你的父母了。
Now that you are grown-up, you should not depend__on__your__parents．
5．你已经没有机会了。我必须设法让你避免犯相同的错。
There is no chance left.I’m trying to__keep__you__from__making__the__same__mistake．
阅读理解
A
We already know the fastest, least expensive way to slow down climate change—use less energy.With a little effort, and not much money, most of us could reduce our energy diets by 25 percent or more—doing the Earth a favor while also helping our wallets.
Not long ago, my wife, PJ, and I tried a new diet—not to lose a little weight but to answer an annoying question about climate change.Scientists have reported recently that the world is heating up even faster than predicted only a few years ago, and that the consequences could be severe if we don’t keep reducing emission(排放) of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases that are trapping heat in our atmosphere.
We decided to try an experiment.For one month we recorded our personal emission of CO2.We wanted to see how much we could cut back, so we went on a strict diet.The average US household produces about 150 pounds of CO2 a day by doing common things like turning on air-conditioning or driving cars.That’s more than twice the European average and almost five times the global average, mostly because Americans drive more and have bigger houses.But how much should we try to reduce?
For an answer, I checked with Tim Flannery, author of The Weather Makers: How Man Is Changing the Climate and What It Means for Life on Earth.In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emission to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping__points,__such as the melting(融化) of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica.“To stay below that point, we need to reduce CO2 emission by 80 percent，”he said.
Good advice, I thought.I’d opened our bedroom windows to let the wind in.We’d gotten so used to keeping our air-conditioning going around the clock.I’d almost forgotten the windows even opened.We should not let this happen again.It’s time for us to change our habits if necessary.
【解题导语】 作者通过讲述自己一家人切实有效地减少温室气体排放量的行动，向我们证明了“节约能源从家庭做起，从我做起”的重要性。
1．Why did the author and his wife try a new diet?
A．To take special kinds of food.
B．To respond to climate change.
C．To lose weight.
D．To improve their health.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句话中的“not to lose a little weight but to answer an annoying question about climate change”可知，作者和妻子这么做的目的是回答一个令人烦恼的气候变化问题。
2．The underlined words “tipping points” most probably refer to “________”．
A．freezing points B．burning points
C．melting points D．boiling points
C 解析：词义猜测题。在他的书中，他要读者大幅减少个人温室气体排放量，以免世界来到“熔点”，下面给出的例子“such as the melting(融化) of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica”， 可以判断出C项正确。
3．According to the passage, Tim Flannery ________．
A．made deep cuts in his personal emission of CO2
B．wrote a book about the climate changes
C．succeeded in reducing CO2 emission by 80 percent
D．was an author popular among readers
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句可知， Tim Flannery的书是有关气候变化的，故B项正确。
4．Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
A．Saving Energy Starts at Home
B．Changing Our Habits Begins at Work
C．Changing Climate Sounds Reasonable
D．Reducing Emission of CO2 Proves Difficult
A 解析：标题归纳题。作者通过讲述自己一家人切实有效地减少温室气体排放量的行动，向我们证明了“节约能源从家庭做起，从我做起”的重要性。
B
Tonight, my piano recital(钢琴演奏会) was the most important thing in my family.My grandparents were coming by plane to hear me play.Even my busy Aunt Dianne, who is on TV every night reading the news, was coming.
But one thing was for sure.I would never win an award for my piano playing.And that’s just because the more I practised, the more nervous I got.So there I was, on stage，in my beautiful dress, and I sat down at the piano.But when I started to play，I hit a wrong note.I told myself to start over.But then I hit the wrong note again.It was as if I hadn’t practised at all.
Finally the__disaster__was over.I ran off the stage.I couldn’t understand why people were applauding(鼓掌)．But they were.My mum and dad had flowers for me，and they were all supposed to go out for a nice dinner，but I couldn’t.I just wanted to go home and cry and never go anywhere again.After we went back home，Aunt Dianne just came in and sat down on the side of my bed.
“It was my first night on the air，” she said，“I had never been on television before，and I made a mistake.I mispronounced my name and the name of the news show.And you know what？No one even noticed but me.Just like tonight, no one noticed—just you.”Aunt Dianne was right.I think we are harder on ourselves than anyone else is.Maybe I will leave my room.And maybe, I’ll play the piano again.
【解题导语】 作者因在钢琴演奏会上弹错了几个音符而感到十分沮丧，在姑姑的安慰和开导下，作者领悟到犯错在所难免，有时不应该对自己太苛刻，于是重拾弹奏钢琴的信心。
5．The underlined part “the disaster” in Paragraph 3 refers to “________”．
A．the loud cheers of the audience
B．the laughs from the audience
C．the author’s piano performance
D．the author’s practice on the stage
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句“Tonight，my piano recital(钢琴演奏会) was the most important thing in my family.”和第三段第二句“I ran off the stage.”可知，the disaster指的是作者的钢琴表演。
6．We can infer from the text that ________．
A．music played a big role in the author’s life
B．the author enjoyed staying with her family
C．piano practice made the author feel confident
D．the author got support from her family
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段后两句“My grandparents were coming...my busy Aunt Dianne...was coming.”和第三段第五句“My mum and dad had flowers for me...”可知，作者获得了家人的支持。
7．What did the author learn from her piano performance?
A．Don’t be too hard on yourself.
B．Things seldom go as well as people expect.
C．No one will care what others have done.
D．Never think much of a matter.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Aunt Dianne was right.I think we are harder on ourselves than anyone else is.”可知A项正确。
8．What would be the best title for the text?
A．A Piano Lesson
B．My Family and I
C．My Aunt Dianne
D．A Piano Recital Disaster
D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，作者主要围绕一次糟糕的钢琴演奏会展开叙述。
七选五
People with bad manners are refused in the world of work.They do not get good jobs or promotions(晋升)．Their businesses do not succeed.1.________They are liked and supported.They have friends, luck and success.When you improve your manners, you improve your chances of success.The following are several examples of good manners.
Be polite to everyone you meet.2.________For example, when you go on a job interview, be polite to the desk clerk as they can affect your chances of success.Use these magic words as often as possible: Hello, Please, Excuse me and Sorry, and use the two most important words: Thank you.
Use good manners in all of your communications.Examples: Return telephone and email messages within 24 hours; If you receive a rude message, do not respond with rudeness, but be polite; Do not interrupt people.3.________
4．________ Cutting in front of other cars only gains you a few seconds of time.If you are polite, patient and calm, you will arrive safely and feel more relaxed.A good sense of humor shows good manners.5.________Before starting important conversations, meals or meetings, turn off your mobile phone.Ignoring people while you use your phone is impolite.
A．Use good manners when driving.
B．People with good manners are accepted.
C．You will never regret being polite, but you might regret being rude.
D．You should learn good manners from people around you.
E．Tell jokes or pass on humorous stories that everyone will enjoy.
F．Make sure people are ready to listen to you before you start talking.
G．It is better to make a careful plan before you take action.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要谈论的是人们在生活和工作方面都要注意文明礼仪以及有礼貌的好处。
1．B 解析：空前两句讲述的是没有礼貌的人生活和工作都不会成功。再根据空后两句“They are liked and supported.They have friends, luck and success.”中的They应该是指有礼貌的人。所以选B项“People with good manners are accepted.”对有礼貌的人和没有礼貌的人进行前后对比。
2．C 解析：根据本段第一句“Be polite to everyone you meet.”可知本段主要讲述的是我们对所遇见的人要有礼貌。所选答案必须是与polite相关的句子，只有C项“You will never regret being polite, but you might regret being rude.”是在讲述polite的好处。故C项符合本段中心思想。
3．F 解析：根据空前一句“Do not interrupt people.”不要打断别人。也就是说在你说话的时候要知道对方是否愿意听你讲话，你有没有打断别人的发言。所以F项“Make sure people are ready to listen to you before you start talking.”符合上下文语境。
4．A 解析：根据空后一句“Cutting in front of other cars only gains you a few seconds of time.”插到其他汽车前面只会节省你几秒钟的时间。说明本段是关于开车的礼仪。故A项“Use good manners when driving.”符合本段大意。
5．E 解析：根据空前一句“A good sense of humor shows good manners.”幽默也说明有礼貌。本句应该与上句相一致，谈论的都是与幽默有关的话题。选项中只有E项“Tell jokes or pass on humorous stories that everyone will enjoy.”是与幽默有关的。所以E项符合前后文语境。
Section Ⅲ Using language & Writing
-ing形式和-ed形式作宾语补足语
补足语是用来说明宾语或主语情况的成分，在英语中，-ing形式和-ed形式都可以作补足语。
1．-ing形式作宾语补足语
-ing形式作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系。能接-ing形式作补语的有两类动词：
(1)感觉、感官类动词：see, notice, watch, look at, hear, listen to, find, feel, smell等。
◆He heard the wind blowing outside.
他听到外边在刮风。
◆I felt my heart beating faster.
我感到我的心跳得更快了。
(2)使役动词：keep, get, leave, have等。
◆I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.
不好意思让你等这么久。
◆The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.
休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们朝前线行进。
2．-ed形式作补语
-ed形式作宾语补足语既可表示被动又可表示动作已经完成；宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是动宾关系。-ed形式作补语的常见情况：
(1)位于feel, find, hear, notice, see, smell, observe等感官动词后作补语。
◆She was glad to see her child taken good care of.
她很高兴看到自己的孩子被照顾得很好。
◆I was sleeping when I heard my name called.
我正在睡觉，这时听到有人喊我的名字。
(2)位于get, have, make, keep, leave等使役动词后作补语。
◆They are going to have the house painted white.
他们准备把房子刷成白色。
1．使役动词have, get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：
(1)have sth.done＝get sth.done
◆I had/got my hair cut yesterday.
我昨天理了发。
◆The lady had/got her bag stolen on the bus yesterday.
昨天，这位女士的包在公共汽车上被偷了。
(2)have sb./sth.doing sth.让某人/某物一直做某事；get sb./sth.doing sth.使某人/某物(开始)做某事。sb./sth.与构成现在分词的动词之间是主谓关系。
◆Don’t have the water running while brushing your teeth.
刷牙时，别让水一直流着。
◆Let’s get the machine running.
让我们使这台机器运转起来吧。
(3)have sb.do sth./get sb.to do sth.让某人做某事； have sth.to do 有某事要做(to do作后置定语)。
◆My parents always get me to do some housework.
父母总是让我做些家务。
◆The manager had his secretary collect some information.
经理让他的秘书收集些信息。
2．with复合结构中作宾补的非谓语动词
“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构可在句中作定语或状语(表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等)，宾补可以是名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。 在此我们重点讲解宾补是分词和不定式的情况。
(1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词。现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行。
◆He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky.
他躺在草地上，眼望着天空。(伴随状语)
(2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词。过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成。
◆With his hair cut, he looked much younger.
理了发，他看起来年轻多了。(原因状语)
(3)with＋名词/代词＋不定式。不定式表示动作尚未发生。切记：不定式一般情况下都用主动形式。
◆With a lot of homework to do, I can’t go skating with you.
因为有很多家庭作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰了。(原因状语)
单句语法填空
1．When I passed by his office, I heard him singing(sing) a Chinese song.
2．The place looks much better since they had it redecorated(redecorate)．
3．Tom has been away from home for two years, leaving his room covered(cover) with dust.
4．When I saw the dog being__beaten(beat) by several boys, I came up to stop them.
5．The man left us standing(stand) alone, unable to find any help.
6．When the Greens found their house broken(break) into, they called the police at once.
7．Did you hear the song sung(sing) in Chinese when in the U．S.A.?
8．When I was on my way to school this morning, I saw two women arguing(argue)．
9．A beggar in rags stood there with his eyes staring(stare) at the steak on the plate.
10．Don’t leave the girl waiting(wait) outside all the time.
语法与写作
1．My mother kept me practising/practicing__playing__the__piano(练习弹钢琴), which made me annoyed.
2．With__the__temperature__rising(随着温度的升高), the leaves and grass began to appear.
3．To his surprise, he didn’t notice__his__wallet__stolen(注意到被人偷) on the bus.
4．The couple felt very satisfied to see their daughter taken__good__care__of(受到很好的照顾) in the new nursery.
5．Jack had__his__left__leg__broken(摔断了左腿) while playing football, which made all of us very sad.
劝说信
文体感知
劝说信的内容来源于我们对生活的感知，是就我们所发现的家庭生活、学校生活或社会生活中的某种现象，向某个组织或个人提出劝说性的建议的一种应用文体。
增分佳句
1．The reason why the environment is polluted is that we don’t attach great importance to it.
2．We are concerned that materials will be used up soon.
3．Now people in growing numbers are coming to realize that taking exercise is beneficial to our health.
4．A recent study shows that people spend most of their spare time on phones.
5．In order to solve the problem, we should reduce waste.
6．I hope you can take what I have said into account.
7．I wish you can realize the importance of environmental protection.
8．We will spare no efforts to protect our earth.
写作要求
每年的10月31日是联合国确定的“世界勤俭日”。假如你是李华，请针对校园中学生花钱如水、没有节约意识以及追求高水平生活、追求时髦等现象，写一封劝说信，鼓励同学们养成勤俭节约的好习惯。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．开头和结尾已写好，不计入总词数。
Dear friends，
As we know, World Thrift Day falls on October 31st. So this time I’d like to discuss thrift with you.
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Best wishes.
Yours faithfully，
Li Hua
审题谋篇
项目
结论
体裁
应用文
话题
提倡勤俭节约
时态
一般现在时
人称
第一、第三人称
词句推敲
1．词汇
①花销 expenditure
②概念 concept__
③生活水平 living__standard
④追求 pursue
⑤价值观 values
2．句式
①最近几年，中学生的花销急剧上升。
普通表达：In recent years, the expenditure of middle school students has risen sharply.
高级表达：In recent years, the expenditure of middle school students has__been__on__the__sharp__rise/increase．(用高级词汇on the rise/increase改写)
②一些学生喜欢追求时尚和潮流，这将花费更多的钱。
普通表达：Some students like to pursue fashion and trends. This tends to need more money.
高级表达：Some__students__like__to__pursue__fashion__and__trends,__which__
tends__to__need__more__money.(用非限制性定语从句改写)
妙笔成篇
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One possible version：
Dear friends，
As__we__know,__World__Thrift__Day__falls__on__October__31st.__So__this__time__I’d__like__to__discuss__thrift__with__you.
In recent years，with the improvement of living standard, parents can afford higher expenditure of their children. The expenditure of middle school students has been on the sharp rise. Many of them spend money without limit and have no concept of thrift. What’s more, some students like to pursue fashion and trends, which tends to need more money.
In a word, middle school students should learn to be thrifty.We should realize that it’s not easy for our parents to make money. So we should limit our expenditure in our daily life. Only in this way can we develop correct values.
Best__wishes.
Yours__faithfully，
Li__Hua
单句语法填空
1．When the little girl found so many people surrounding(surround) her, she felt very nervous.
2．He had no choice but to get his bad tooth pulled(pull) out yesterday.
3．He expressed his support for the plan with his right hand raised(raise)．
4．He found his pen broken(break) when he got back to the classroom from the playground.
5．Don’t have the lights burning(burn) all night.It will waste too much electricity.
6．My grandfather is going to have his old house rebuilt(rebuild)．
7．With so much water covering(cover) its surface, the earth looks like a blue ball.
8．The speaker raised her voice, hoping to make herself heard(hear)．
9．My cellphone has broken down and I want it repaired(repair) soon.
10．With his homework finished(finish), he went out to play with his friend.
阅读理解
A
There has been a dramatic increase in the number of natural disasters over the past few years, and it is assumed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future.Some of the world’s leading cities are facing disasters like floods and heat waves.
London
London’s flood defences are getting older.Since 1982, the Thames Barrier(水闸)has protected the city from the threat of flooding, but it was only designed to last until 2030 and close once every two or three years.About 26 years later, the barrier now closes five or six times a year and according to Environment Agency predictions, by 2050 the barrier will be closed on almost every tide if the problem is not addressed.
There are 26 underground stations, 400 schools, 16 hospitals, an airport and 80 billion worth of property in London’s flood risk area, so large scale flooding would be disastrous.
Paris
Over a six-week period in July and August 2003, more than 11, 400—mainly elderly people—died in France from dehydration(脱水)and extremely high body temperature in a deadly heat wave.Heat waves of similar intensity(强度)are expected every seven years by 2050, so what can be done to make sure such a disaster does not happen again?
One solution is to have air-conditioners installed in elderly care homes.But this is considered a short-term solution, as the increase in demand for electricity also increases carbon emissions(排放)．
In Paris the local authorities are encouraging architects to design new types of buildings such as the building“Flower Tower”， which uses a covering of bamboo to act as a natural air-conditioner.
Shanghai
Shanghai is one of the fastest growing cities on Earth.It has a population of 18 million and is only 4 meters above sea level.Sea levels are predicted to rise by 20 cm within the next century.
An estimated 250，000 people move to Shanghai every year in search of work, placing extra demands on energy consumption.China relies heavily on coal-fired power stations, but these emissions increase temperatures and, in turn, warmer seas increase the risk of typhoons.
【解题导语】 近年来全球自然灾害的数量剧增，据预测，在将来，全球变暖等气候变化将会导致更多的灾难。让我们看一看世界上的大城市将会面临什么样的灾难。
1．What problem should be settled now in London?
A．How to protect the city’s property.
B．Where to build its flood defences.
C．How to use the Thames Barrier to protect the city.
D．How to improve the fun_ction of the old flood defences.
D 解析：推理判断题。由London部分的首句可知，伦敦的防洪设施正在老化，可推知D项正确。
2．Which of the following measures CAN’T solve the heat wave disaster in Paris?
A．Putting up new types of buildings with a covering of bamboo.
B．Having air-conditioners installed in elderly care homes.
C．Forbidding the city to build “Flower Tower”．
D．Encouraging architects to design new types of buildings.
C 解析：细节理解题。由Paris部分中的“...encouraging architects to design new types of buildings such as the building ‘Flower Tower’”可知鼓励设计“Flower Tower”式的建筑物而不是禁止。
3．The purpose of the passage is ________．
A．to tell us how to protect the big cities
B．to give advice on how to defend natural disasters
C．to explain what causes flood and heat waves
D．to warn us of the increasing natural disasters in big cities
D 解析：写作意图题。由文章第一段最后一句“Some of the world’s leading cities are facing disasters like floods and heat waves.”可知文章主要警告我们大城市的自然灾害的增加。故D项正确。
4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Big Cities Facing Big Disasters
B．Big Disasters in the Future
C．The Increase of Natural Disasters
D．Solutions to Natural Disasters
A 解析：标题归纳题。全文描述了世界各大城市将会面临的各种自然灾害，故A项正确。
B
“Smile！” I shouted, holding a yellow sign up on a busy street in Seattle.We were three thousand miles away from home on a Random Acts of Kindness and Volunteerism Road Trip.We had two aims.One was to try out our new“Smile！” signs and see how much kindness and joy we could spread in Pike Place Market.The other was to raise $80 by doing street performances, enough for gas to Portland and a small hotel room.
We weren’t sure how people would react(回应) to our signs.I nervously raised up our signs and shouted，“Hi，there！”to a young couple.They looked over and felt confused.Then they read our signs and broke into a smile.Before long, some tourists wanted to take a photo with us and some strangers stopped to ask us about our signs.
In fact，we paid so close attention to our“Smile！”project that we forgot the other aim.Before we knew it, the sun was setting，and we had no money for our trip to Portland.We sat down to watch a blind musician play the guitar while thinking about what to do.He was packing up when a passing crowd kicked down his change bowl.He stumbled(绊倒) into the crowd.We rushed to help him, but another man moved more quickly to help him.
Once the musician had his money safely returned，we ran over to meet the strange helper and said，“We just wanted to praise you for your good deed.”He smiled，looking at our signs.“Your trip reminds me of something similar I once did when I was young，”he said.“Look! I’d like to donate(捐赠)．”We told him，“No，thanks! We are fine.We’ve collected plenty of money.”We lied.“Please let me donate.It will make me feel like I’m a part of this adventure，”he insisted.And then the stranger opened his wallet and pulled out four $20 bills.The money was exactly what we had intended to raise that day.We were astonished．It seemed as if he had known somehow.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者一行人在志愿者旅行活动中用“微笑！”标牌来传播善意和快乐。
5．What’s the main purpose of the road trip?
A．To spread kindness and joy.
B．To invite more people to join in the trip.
C．To raise money for a trip to Portland.
D．To encourage people to take happy photos.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...on a Random Acts of Kindness and Volunteerism Road Trip.”可知，此次志愿者旅行活动的主要目的是传播善意和快乐。
6．How did people react to the “Smile！” signs later?
A．Disappointed. B．Worried.
C．Interested. D．Moved.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Before long, some tourists wanted to take a photo with us and some strangers stopped to ask us about our signs.”可知，后来，人们对标牌很感兴趣。
7．According to the last paragraph，why did the strange helper want to donate money?
A．Because he felt pity for the author.
B．Because he wanted to join in the project.
C．Because he hoped to help the homeless.
D．Because he felt sorry for his impoliteness.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“‘Please let me donate.It will make me feel like I’m a part of this adventure，’ he insisted.”可知，这位自愿帮忙的陌生人是想参与到这项志愿活动中来。
8．What does the underlined word“astonished”in the last paragraph most probably mean?
A．Tired. B．Satisfied.
C．Frightened. D．Surprised.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“It seemed as if he had known somehow.”可知，作者他们一行人很“吃惊”，好像这位男士早知道他们需要80美元一样。
语法填空
Our world has been greatly affected by global warming and it is critical(关键的) that people，young and old，join hands to fight it.Most 1.____________(important)，children today should learn to be eco-friendly at a young age.
It is believed that the nation should require schools 2.____________(have) a class about “Green Living”．Every school should teach students to know about global warming and what they can do to reduce their carbon footprints.In the classes，students could be assigned to find several 3.____________(solve) to energy problems while learning about their effects 4.____________ the earth.Students also should 5.____________(encourage) to use what they learned in class at home.
Too many people think that global warming is not a threat，but it is one of our 6.____________(big) problems.Steps 7.____________(take) to be“green”in the school are so effective.What would children be learning if the school’s lights were always left on and there were no recycling bins?
Green living and green schools are part of 8.____________ new wave sweeping over the nation.How will our future leaders respond after years of living in a community 9.____________ protecting our world’s natural environment just isn’t considered important？Schools and the government should teach young people to devote 10.____________(they) to dealing with global warming.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了环境在我们生活中的地位，使我们进一步认识到绿色健康的生活方式应该从孩子的教育开始。
1．importantly 解析：考查副词。most importantly为固定搭配，意为“最重要的是”。
2．to have 解析：考查非谓语动词。require sb.to do sth.“要求某人做某事”。
3．solutions 解析：考查名词。根据句意可知，此处需填名词，动词solve变名词solution。根据前面的several可知，需用名词的复数形式。
4．on 解析：考查介词。effect on...“对……的影响”。
5．be encouraged 解析：考查动词的语态。句意：应该鼓励学生们在家里运用他们在学校所学到的东西。
6．biggest 解析：考查形容词的最高级。句意：……这是最大的问题之一。
7．taken 解析：考查非谓语动词。名词steps和take之间是被动关系。所以用过去分词作后置定语，修饰steps。
8．a 解析：考查冠词。句意：绿色生活、绿色校园是席卷整个国家的一股新浪潮。
9．where 解析：考查定语从句的关系词。该句为定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，先行词是community，所以填where。
10．themselves 解析：考查代词。devote oneself to...意为“投身于……”，所以填反身代词themselves。
书面表达
假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Peter想提高中文水平，进一步了解中国文化。请给他写一封信，推荐学习资源(resource)。内容包括：
1．学习资源：报纸、杂志及其他途径；
2．推荐理由；
3．表达祝愿。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Peter，
________________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________________
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Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear__Peter，
I am glad to hear that you are eager to improve your Chinese and know more about Chinese culture.It’s my pleasure to recommend some resources to you.
Reading some popular newspapers and magazines, such as Southern Weekly，is the first choice，from which you can get lots of information about Chinese customs.Besides，there are other ways to experience the Chinese language and culture on the Internet，on TV or with some apps.The interesting news and stories in these resources are so amazing that you will never feel bored.I am sure you can benefit a lot from them.
I sincerely hope that you can make great progress in learning Chinese and have a better understanding of Chinese culture.
Yours，
Li__Hua
综合达标检测
阅读理解
A
Students in a college French class have helped fill the empty bookshelves of a very poor Haitian(海地的) school by writing 90 books. Although many children in Haiti speak Creole(克里奥尔语) at home, French is taught in classrooms and used by the government, and students are asked to know the language in order to get further education. Therefore, the class hoped to provide resources to help the young students learn French well.
The project, called Little French Books, was headed up by Jennifer Shotwell, a French professor at Randolph-Macon College in Ashland, Virginia. Shotwell had visited Haiti with a group of students in 2013 to support a Haitian student and give books to a new library. Following the trip, Shotwell brought the experience back to her classroom.
“My students have a chance to use the French language in a special way by writing children’s books，” Shotwell said. “Though some learners don’t think they can produce much with a new language, my students are learning to express themselves and create entertaining stories that we finally share with disadvantaged children who are also learning French.”
Shotwell had sent French books to Haitian schools, but they were printed on cheap paper that could be easily broken. So she started a Kickstarter, which collected more than $1，000 to make books with durable covers.
The books, which included stories about princesses, dinosaurs and exciting experiences，were given to the St. Gabriel’s school in Lascahobas.
“Each time a child gets into a new book, he will no doubt get new knowledge and new understanding. The Little French Books means a lot to our students，” said Gardy Myrtil, a teacher at the school.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。一个法语班的大学生们自己动手为落后的海地学校编写图书，帮助当地的学生更好地学习法语。
1．Why do the college students create books for children in Haiti?
A．To help the children learn French.
B．To follow the government’s requirements.
C．To stop the children from speaking Creole.
D．To make the library open with enough books.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的．..to help the young students learn French well可知，法语班的大学生们希望通过编写书籍来帮助海地的孩子学习法语。
2．What can we learn about the Little French Books?
A．It was started in 2003 by a student.
B．It is in the charge of Jennifer Shotwell.
C．It helps set up many new libraries in Haiti.
D．It provides textbooks as well as storybooks.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句可知，Little French Books是由Jennifer Shotwell负责的。
3．Which of the following words can replace the underlined word “durable” in Paragraph 4?
A．Strong. B．Colorful.
C．Beautiful. D．Thin.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段的第一句可知，Shotwell曾经给海地学校寄过书，但是这些书的纸张质量很差，很容易破裂。由此可以推知，Kickstarter通过筹集资金后制作的图书的封皮更加耐用。durable意为“耐用的；持久的”，在文章中可以用strong来代替。
B
In recent years, I’ve found mental illness has been a term largely avoided in conversation, and this has built a huge stigma(耻辱) against those suffering from depression(抑郁), anxiety, and other mental illnesses.What’s worse, mental illness is only brought up when the news draws our attention to it, but then the conversation quiets until the next sad thing happens.
It’s time for the conversation to continue. Instead of waiting for the next sad thing, we need to be open about mental health and about the struggles that come with mental illness and treatment. We need to develop an environment where people feel comfortable to ask for the help they need instead of hiding.
It takes a long time, but I am now open about my anxiety and depression. I’m open about my taking medication to treat my mental illnesses. I’m open about the struggle of finding the medication that works. I encourage everyone to do the same. Be honest and open with your conversations about mental health. The more comfortable people are with these conversations, the easier it will be for the conversation to continue. A continued conversation will lead to more ideas on treatment and more ideas on how to give help to those who need it.
We have the ability to help those we love and break the stigma around mental illness. Mental illness can actually affect anyone, impacting one out of every four people.
In short, let’s keep the conversation about mental health and mental illness open. Be sure to check up on your friends, and be open about the importance of mental health. If you’re comfortable, share your story, which may let others know they are not alone. Just as Albus Dumbledore said, “Happiness can be found in the darkest of times, if one only remembers to turn on the light”. Therefore, remember to turn on the light.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。最近几年，人们对心理疾病总是讳莫如深。作者针对此事阐述了自己的看法并且提出了建议。
4．Which of the following would the author agree with?
A．It’s hard to recover from mental illness.
B．We should pay much attention to our health.
C．The youth more likely suffer from mental illness.
D．People easily feel shame about having mental illness.
D 解析：观点态度题。根据第一段的In recent years, I’ve found mental illness has been a term...anxiety, and other mental illnesses.可知，人们常常因患精神疾病而感到羞耻。
5．How can a continued conversation benefit those with mental illnesses?
A．By reducing their anxiety.
B．By making them feel comfortable.
C．By helping them get support from others.
D．By helping them obtain some good advice on treatment.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的A continued conversation will lead to more ideas on treatment and more ideas on how to give help to those who need it.可知，如果出现心理问题，多跟别人深入交流有好处，也许可以得到治疗的好办法。
6．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．How to Start a Conversation
B．Be Open About Mental Health
C．The Importance of Mental Health
D．How to Avoid Depression and Anxiety
B 解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲了人们在面对有关心理健康或者心理疾病的问题时，总是选择避而不谈。因此作者建议人们应该大胆、敞开交流，以此来寻求最佳的解决方法，故可推出答案。
C
There have been some suggestions lately calling for the end of traffic in some cities by the year 2034. In order to reduce(减少) all this traffic, governments are planning to take away one of its biggest contributors(促成物)—cars. But is this a good idea? Our first reaction may be NO-NO-NO. They’re taking away our cars and how can we travel in the city daily? But when you consider the problem a little longer, you may find the plans quite sound and realistic. Here’s why：
The one thing that annoys(使烦恼) most big cities is the non-stop heavy traffic. You have to see how terrible it is to drive into a very busy city centre—London, Miami, Tokyo? I’d say it’s very bad. City layouts(规划) simply aren’t built to manage that many moving parts. If we allow only buses, taxis and bikes to use the road, traffic problems in large cities will be immediately solved.
If you ever go to a large city centre, you often realize the difficulty some people have with sidewalk-to-sidewalk travel. If you live in New York City, there are so many people crossing in such a small area, that it’s often difficult to know what exactly is even going on. But if cities begin to do away with cars, we’d see an increase in out-of-town travellers more willing to walk about city centres in safety.
The one thing that troubles any driver is being stuck in a traffic jam in the centre of town. You move forward at a very low speed, feeling annoyed, mad, and helpless. But why go through this hassle? If we do away with cars throughout major cities, it will give drivers the chance to actually enjoy their journeys on (more) open roads. It’s a strange thought, yes, but many drivers will tell you driving in city centres is like driving in hell(地狱)．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。作者认为，城市中心禁止小汽车通行有助于解决交通问题。
7．What is the author’s attitude to the government plans in Paragraph 1?
A．Doubtful. B．Uninterested.
C．Unfavourable. D．Supportive.
D 解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的But when you consider...sound and realistic.可推断，作者支持这些政府计划。
8．What can we infer form Paragraph 2?
A．Many large cities are widening their roads.
B．Cars are the main cause of traffic problems.
C．There is something wrong with city layouts.
D．The author is an experienced driver in a big city.
B 解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的If we allow only buses, taxis and bikes to use the road, traffic problems in large cities will be immediately solved.可推断，小汽车是造成交通拥挤的主要原因。
9．What does the author say about New York City?
A．It is heavily polluted.
B．Its streets are too busy.
C．It has fewer cars than before.
D．Its tourist numbers are increasing.
B 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的If you live in New York City...is even going on.可知，作者指出纽约市的街道非常拥挤。
10．What does the underlined word “hassle” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A．A sudden change.
B．A serious accident.
C．An annoying situation.
D．A dangerous experience.
C 解析：词义猜测题。hassle指代最后一段前两句所描述的情况，即司机开车被堵在市镇中心，以龟速前行，抓狂、急躁又无助。
七选五
Are you always late for school because you can’t wake up at the right time? 11.________ Don’t worry. Here are some ways to help you have a great morning routine.
12．________ Put all of your books, papers and other school requirements inside your schoolbag the night before. Watch the weather forecast to see what you should wear the next day.
Make sure you wake up at an early hour. Wake up at least thirty minutes or earlier before the school starts. 13.________ It’s also helpful to use an alarm clock to help you wake up. Don’t set your alarm too late. And remember not to set your alarm too early just to give yourself an excuse to hit the snooze button.
Go straight to the bathroom to brush your teeth and wash your face. This is a good start for keeping nice and clean during the school day. If you want, take a quick shower. 14.________
Have a quick breakfast available. Make sure you like what you have for breakfast. 15.________ If you don’t have enough time to prepare, choosing bread, eggs, yogurt, and fruit as your breakfast is also a good idea. It won’t take you much time to make such a nutritious breakfast.
A．Prepare everything in advance.
B．Make sure you get at least 8 hours of sleep.
C．Only in this way can you have plenty of time to get ready.
D．Do you always have a great morning routine before school?
E．But always remember that any breakfast is better than none.
F．It will make you smell and feel better throughout the whole day.
G．Or are you always rushing into getting ready in the school morning?
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了使你在上学日的早晨有条不紊地准备东西出门的几条建议。
11．G 解析：此空设于段中，与第一句是并列关系。根据后面的Don’t worry.可推测，此句应和第一句并列，都是描述在上学日的早上可能会出现的一些不好的状况。
12．A 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。本段后面的内容都是围绕此句展开的，指出要提前把东西准备好。
13．C 解析：此空设于段中，对上一句进行解释。上句指出要提前至少三十分钟起床，此句解释原因，因为只有这样，你才能有充足的时间准备一切。
14．F 解析：此空设于段尾，与上文存在逻辑上的指代关系。此句中的It指代的是上文提到的take a quick shower。
15．E 解析：此空设于段中，是一个过渡句。本段前一句指出要确保你喜欢你的早餐，后一句讲如果你没有充足的时间准备早餐，把面包、鸡蛋等作为早餐也是一个不错的选择可推测，此处讲要记住有早餐总比没有好。
完形填空
My mom used to drive my younger sister and me to primary school. As soon as her car was gone, we’d __16__ our headscarves(头巾). Not that our headscarves were the only __17__. My sister and I were the only people of color in our school. Kids __18__ us, and called us monkeys more than once. My parents had come to the United States as refugees(难民) in 1998, and we were born a year later; we __19__ speaking Somali.Learning English had both advantages and disadvantages because it __20__ me to understand what everyone was saying about us.
At home my mom __21__ cooked Somali meals—rice with goat(山羊) meat, a banana on the side— __22__ my sister and I were ashamed to have friends over. We __23__ speaking Somali. When my parents __24__ school, I’d walk ten steps behind. If kids asked why they wore headscarves, I’d say, “Those aren’t my __25__．”
When I started at a middle school for students of different races, I began to realize I had been __26__. I wanted to change those in my position(处境), so in high school I __27__ an after-school class at a refugee center. I kept saying that my students and their identities were __28__， no matter what society said. But when a friend __29__ me to take part in the Miss Africa Utah contest(比赛), I said, “How can I be a beauty queen if I’m not pretty？” There I was, telling kids to be __30__ of themselves and still beating myself up. So I __31__ the contest.
Regrettably, my parents both had to work the night of the contest. But when I went on stage, I saw that they’d __32__ all their friends, who cheered as I was chosen to be the __33__. Now I am __34__ the Somali language again. I forgot so many parts of my own culture, and I __35__ want to lose touch with them again.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者上小学时，因自己的种族和肤色不同而倍感自卑。升入中学后，她开始意识到自己以前的想法是错误的。后来，在朋友鼓励下参加选美比赛夺冠后作者的态度完全发生改变。
16．A.put on B．show off
C．try on D．take off
D 解析：由下文中的If kids asked why they wore headscarves, I’d say, “Those aren’t my...”可知妈妈一走，“我”和妹妹就会“摘掉(take off)”头巾。
17．A.problem B．fun
C．choice D．reason
A 解析：由下文中的My sister and I were the only people of color in our school.可知，对我们来说，并不是只有戴头巾这一个“问题(problem)”。在学校里，我们的肤色和其他人也不同。
18．A.cared about B．laughed at
C．depended on D．learned from
B 解析：由上文中的My sister and I were the only people of color in our school.以及本句中的called us monkeys more than once可知，此处表示孩子们不止一次“嘲笑(laughed at)”我们。
19．A.grew up B．decided on
C．prepared for D．stayed up
A 解析：由上文以及本句中的My parents had come to the United States as refugees(难民) in 1998, and we were born a year later可知，我们从小就说索马里语，grew up符合语境。
20．A.asked B．expected
C．allowed D．required
C 解析：由上文中的Kids...called us monkeys more than once.以及we...speaking Somali可知，此处表示学习英语既有利也有弊，因为它“使(allowed)”“我”能够理解大家对我们的议论。
21．A.hardly B．already
C．only D．ever
C 解析：由上文以及本句中的my sister and I were ashamed to have friends over可知，在家里妈妈“只(only)”做索马里餐，“因此(so)”我们不愿意请朋友来家里做客。
22．A.when B．but
C．because D．so
D 解析：参见上题解析。
23．A.enjoyed B．remembered
C．began D．stopped
D 解析：由最后一段中的Now I am...the Somali language again. I forgot so many parts of my own culture可知，此处表示我们也不讲索马里语了，stopped符合语境。
24．A.attended B．came to
C．started D．gave up
B 解析：由上文中的My mom used to drive my younger sister and me to primary school. As soon as her car was gone, we’d...our headscarves(头巾)．以及my sister and I were ashamed to have friends over可知，“我”父母“来(came to)”学校时，“我”会在他们后面走，保持十步远的距离。其他小孩问“我”他们为什么要戴头巾时，“我”会说他们不是“我”的“父母(parents)”。
25．A.parents B．teachers
C．students D．friends
A 解析：参见上题解析。
26．A.new B．wrong
C．quiet D．lucky
B 解析：由上文可知，作者上小学时，因自己的种族和肤色不同倍感自卑。结合本句中的I started at a middle school for students of different races和下文中的I wanted to change those in my position(处境)可知，“我”开始意识到自己以前的想法是“错误的(wrong)”。
27．A.took B．missed
C．followed D．taught
D 解析：由下文中的my students以及telling kids to...themselves可知，“我”在一处难民营给孩子们进行课外辅导，taught符合语境。
28．A.similar B．strange
C．beautiful D．common
C 解析：由上文可知，作者上小学时，因自己的种族和肤色不同倍感自卑。结合上文中的I wanted to change those in my position(处境)可知，此处表示“我”一直强调“我”的学生很美，他们的出身并不低下，beautiful符合语境。
29．A.encouraged B．forced
C．ordered D．helped
A 解析：由下文中的I said, “How can I be a beauty queen if I’m not pretty？”可知，一位朋友“鼓励(encouraged)”“我”参加Miss Africa Utah选美比赛。
30．A.free B．afraid
C．tired D．proud
D 解析：由上文可知，作者上小学时，因自己的种族和肤色不同倍感自卑。结合上文中的I wanted to change those in my position(处境)可知，此处表示“我”告诉孩子们以自己为“荣(proud)”。
31．A.held B．entered
C．lost D．understood
B 解析：由下文中的when I went on stage可知，“我”“参加了(entered)”比赛。
32．A.sent B．supported
C．welcomed D．lent
A 解析：由上文中的my parents both had to work the night of the contest以及本句中的But可知，比赛当晚，“我”的父母都得上班。但是当“我”站在舞台上时，“我”看到他们的朋友们来了，sent符合语境。
33．A.judge B．winner
C．speaker D．audience
B 解析：由上文中的the contest以及本句中的cheered可推断，此处表示作者夺得了“冠军(winner)”。
34．A.hearing B．discussing
C．learning D．changing
C 解析：由上文可知，作者上小学时，因自己的种族和肤色不同倍感自卑，不愿意戴头巾，也不愿意讲索马里语。结合本句中的again可知，“我”现在又在“学(learning)”索马里语。
35．A.almost B．just
C．never D．even
C 解析：由上文中的When I started at a middle school for students of different races, I began to realize I had been...I wanted to change those in my position(处境)以及后来参加选美比赛可知，此处表示“我”曾经忘记了自己文化中的许多东西，现在“我”再也不想丢掉它们了，故填never。
语法填空
I’ve been living in the Basque Country in Southwest France for three 36.____________(month) now, and I really love it!
The Basque Country is an area 37.____________ covers parts of Southwest France and Northwest Spain. This area has many wonderful traditions involving(涉及) food, music, festivals and more. While all those things are great, it’s the Basque language that I find the most 38.____________(interest) of all. I came to France 39.____________(learn) French, but I can’t help 40.____________(be) attracted by this strange-looking language, which doesn’t seem to have anything in common with French, English, or any other language! It 41.____________(certain) doesn’t sound like any language I’ve ever heard before!
Languages like Basque are called minority(少数民族)languages because they 42.____________(speak) by a smaller number of people than the other language or languages in a country. Basque is a minority language in France because most people speak French instead, and 43.____________number of Basque speakers is decreasing, especially among young people.
Minority languages like Basque bring local communities together and give people an identity that is a bit different from the rest of the country. 44.____________ would be a pity if these languages disappeared, so people should try hard to protect 45.____________(they)．
36．months 解析：考查名词复数。设空处表示“月”，month是可数名词，由设空处前的three可知，此处应填months。
37．that/which 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词area，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
38．interesting 解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。it’s...that...为强调句，可还原为I find the Basque language the most ____________(interest) of all.。由此可知，设空处应填形容词interesting，表示“有趣的”。
39．to learn 解析：考查不定式作状语的用法。设空处所在句意为“我来法国学法语”，故填to learn。 to learn French在此作目的状语。
40．being 解析：考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处所在句意为“我却不由地被这种形式奇特的语言所吸引”，故填being。 can’t help doing sth.意为“忍不住做某事”。
41．certainly 解析：考查副词。设空处作状语，表示“毫无疑问”，故填副词certainly。
42．are spoken 解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。they(指代minority languages)与speak之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，因为此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填are spoken。
43．the 解析：考查定冠词。设空处所在句意为“讲巴斯克语的人数在减少”，故填the。the number of...意为“……的数量”。
44．It 解析：考查it的用法。It would be a pity if...为固定句型，表示“如果……就太可惜了”。
45．them 解析：考查代词。设空处作宾语，指代these languages，表示“它们”，故填them。
应用文写作
假定你是李华，最近你与曾在你校就读的交换生Tony取得了联系。请你用英语给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．介绍你的学习情况；
2．询问他的汉语学习情况；
3．告知你将去他所在的城市旅行。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Tony，
I’m glad to get in touch with you. I’m writing to tell you something about my study now.
You know, I used to be weak in physics but now with the help of our physics teacher, I have made great progress since I entered senior high school this year. How are you getting on with your Chinese learning? I believe you’ve also made great progress. By the way, next month I’m going to take a trip to your city. I’ll bring your favorite Chinese tea to you.
Looking forward to seeing you.
Yours，
Li Hua
概要写作
Humankind has tried to improve its standard of living since the very beginning of civilization. Back then, as well as today, providing food and security was the basic task for a person. However, nowadays the range of required goods has expanded greatly. People feel the need for not only some primary things, such as a piece of bread and a roof over their heads, but also for various facilities and luxuries(奢侈品). Providing humanity with these things is connected to the use of natural resources, which requires energy. The problem is that the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution, so economic growth is almost unavoidably associated with environmental damage.
There are certain aspects of economic growth which affect the environment. One of these is the fact that in order to produce more goods and products, the construction of large industrial plants is required. These plants produce a lot of waste, leading to the pollution of water and the atmosphere, which may cause negative long term health effects to nearby populations of animals, or people.
Industrial manufacturing leads to the constantly increasing energy consumption. The traditional energy sources, which are commonly used nowadays, are considered to be the greatest polluters to the environment. There also exist so-called eco-friendly sources of energy. They are sometimes preferred but replacing the traditional sources with them also requires time, during which people have to make some sacrifices(牺牲) to support these undertakings. What’s more, to produce economically practical energy, people unavoidably have to transform the natural site. This is expensive and, has harmful effects on the environment. For example, application of wind energy would block air flows’ natural speed, which is the reason for their decrease in strength after crossing the windmill. Consequently, the pressure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected, and it is important to remember that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure.
For these reasons, bringing about economic growth without any resulting environmental damage, whatsoever, is impossible.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Humans’ desire for material comforts has resulted in great damage to the environment.(要点1) To produce more goods, we have constructed industrial plants, which consume lots of energy and cause serious pollution.(要点2) Though people try to substitute eco-friendly energy for traditional sources, it takes time and even the clean energy will influence the environment in some ways.(要点3) So economic growth is bound to go hand in hand with environmental damage.(要点4)
《战争与和平》是俄罗斯伟大作家列夫·托尔斯泰历时13年之久完成的一部伟大作品。它以战争为中心，以库拉金、包尔康斯基、劳斯托夫和别竺豪夫四家贵族的生活为线索，展示了19世纪最初15年的俄国历史，描绘了各个阶级的生活，是一部再现当时社会风貌的恢弘史诗。
[词句积累]
1．palliate/'p?lIeIt/vt.
掩饰
2．faithful/'feIθfl/adj.
忠实的
3．scare/ske?(r)/vt.吓唬
4．distinguished/dI'stI?ɡwI?t/
adj.高贵的
5．confidential/?k?nfI'den?l/
adj.机密的；受信任的
War and Peace(excerpt)
“WELL, PRINCE, Genoa and Lucca are now no more than private estates of the Bonaparte family. No, I warn you, that if you do not tell me we are at war, if you again allow yourself to palliate all the infamies and atrocities of this Antichrist(upon my word, I believe he is), I don’t know you in future, you are no longer my friend, no longer my faithful slave, as you say. There, how do you do, how do you do? I see I’m scaring you, sit down and talk to me.”
These words were uttered in July 1805 by Anna Pavlovna Scherer, a distinguished lady of the court, and confidential maid-of-honour to the Empress Marya Fyodorovna. It was her greeting to Prince Vassily, a man high in rank and office, who was the first to arrive at her soirée. Anna Pavlovna had been coughing for the last few days; she had an attack of la grippe, as she said—grippe was then a new word only used by a few people. In the notes she had sent round in the morning by a footman in red livery, she had written to all indiscriminately：“If you have nothing better to do, count(or prince), and if the prospect of spending an evening with a poor invalid is not too alarming to you, I shall be charmed to see you at my house between 7 and 10. Annette Scherer.”
“Heavens! what a violent outburst！” the prince responded, not in the least disconcerted at such a reception. He was wearing an embroidered court uniform, stockings and slippers, and had stars on his breast, and a bright smile on his flat face.
He spoke in that elaborately choice French, in which our forefathers not only spoke but thought, and with those slow, patronising intonations peculiar to a man of importance who has grown old in court society.
《战争与和平》(节选)
“啊，公爵，热那亚和卢加现在是波拿巴家族的领地，不过，我得事先对您说，如果您不对我说我们这里处于战争状态，如果您还敢袒护这个基督的敌人(我确实相信，他是一个基督的敌人)的种种卑劣行径和他一手造成的灾祸，那么我就不再管您了。您就不再是我的朋友，您就不再是，如您所说的，我的忠实的奴隶。啊，您好，您好。我看我正在吓唬您，请坐，讲给我听。”
1805年7月，遐迩闻名的安娜·帕夫洛夫娜·舍列尔——皇后玛丽亚·费奥多罗夫娜的宫廷女官和心腹，在欢迎首位莅临晚会的达官显要瓦西里公爵时说过这番话。安娜·帕夫洛夫娜一连咳嗽几天了。正如她所说，她身患流行性感冒(那时候，流行性感冒是个新词，只有少数人才用它)。她在清早由一名红衣听差在分别发出的便函中，千篇一律地写道：“伯爵(或公爵)，如您意下尚无任何可取的娱乐，如今天晚上这个可怜的女病人的症状不致使您过分惧怕，则请于7时至10时间莅临寒舍，不胜雀跃。安娜·舍列尔。”
“我的天，大打出手，好不激烈！”公爵答道，对这种接见丝毫不感到困惑。他穿着绣花的宫廷礼服、长筒袜子、短靴皮鞋，佩戴着多枚明星勋章，扁平的面部流露出愉快的表情。
他讲的是优雅的法语，我们的祖辈不仅借助它来说话，而且借助它来思考，他说起话来语速缓慢，带有高人一等的特有腔调，那是上流社会和宫廷中德高望重的老年人独具的语调。
四大核心素养养成档案
核心素养
具体能力
模块效果评价
问题原因分析
语言能力
词汇的识记能力、语言的运用能力
文化品格
对中外文化的理解与鉴赏能力
思维品质
用英语进行分析、概括与推断的能力
学习能力
自我选用学习策略、方法和评价的能力
课件28张PPT。Unit 6 Earth firstsingingredecoratedcoveredbeing beatenstandingbrokensungarguingstaringwaitingpractising/practicing playing the pianoWith the temperature risingnotice his wallet stolentaken good care ofhad his left leg brokenexpenditureconceptliving standardpursuevalueshas been on the sharp rise/increase本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
单句语法填空
1．When the little girl found so many people surrounding(surround) her, she felt very nervous.
2．He had no choice but to get his bad tooth pulled(pull) out yesterday.
3．He expressed his support for the plan with his right hand raised(raise)．
4．He found his pen broken(break) when he got back to the classroom from the playground.
5．Don’t have the lights burning(burn) all night.It will waste too much electricity.
6．My grandfather is going to have his old house rebuilt(rebuild)．
7．With so much water covering(cover) its surface, the earth looks like a blue ball.
8．The speaker raised her voice, hoping to make herself heard(hear)．
9．My cellphone has broken down and I want it repaired(repair) soon.
10．With his homework finished(finish), he went out to play with his friend.
阅读理解
A
There has been a dramatic increase in the number of natural disasters over the past few years, and it is assumed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future.Some of the world’s leading cities are facing disasters like floods and heat waves.
London
London’s flood defences are getting older.Since 1982, the Thames Barrier(水闸)has protected the city from the threat of flooding, but it was only designed to last until 2030 and close once every two or three years.About 26 years later, the barrier now closes five or six times a year and according to Environment Agency predictions, by 2050 the barrier will be closed on almost every tide if the problem is not addressed.
There are 26 underground stations, 400 schools, 16 hospitals, an airport and 80 billion worth of property in London’s flood risk area, so large scale flooding would be disastrous.
Paris
Over a six-week period in July and August 2003, more than 11, 400—mainly elderly people—died in France from dehydration(脱水)and extremely high body temperature in a deadly heat wave.Heat waves of similar intensity(强度)are expected every seven years by 2050, so what can be done to make sure such a disaster does not happen again?
One solution is to have air-conditioners installed in elderly care homes.But this is considered a short-term solution, as the increase in demand for electricity also increases carbon emissions(排放)．
In Paris the local authorities are encouraging architects to design new types of buildings such as the building“Flower Tower”， which uses a covering of bamboo to act as a natural air-conditioner.
Shanghai
Shanghai is one of the fastest growing cities on Earth.It has a population of 18 million and is only 4 meters above sea level.Sea levels are predicted to rise by 20 cm within the next century.
An estimated 250，000 people move to Shanghai every year in search of work, placing extra demands on energy consumption.China relies heavily on coal-fired power stations, but these emissions increase temperatures and, in turn, warmer seas increase the risk of typhoons.
【解题导语】 近年来全球自然灾害的数量剧增，据预测，在将来，全球变暖等气候变化将会导致更多的灾难。让我们看一看世界上的大城市将会面临什么样的灾难。
1．What problem should be settled now in London?
A．How to protect the city’s property.
B．Where to build its flood defences.
C．How to use the Thames Barrier to protect the city.
D．How to improve the fun_ction of the old flood defences.
D 解析：推理判断题。由London部分的首句可知，伦敦的防洪设施正在老化，可推知D项正确。
2．Which of the following measures CAN’T solve the heat wave disaster in Paris?
A．Putting up new types of buildings with a covering of bamboo.
B．Having air-conditioners installed in elderly care homes.
C．Forbidding the city to build “Flower Tower”．
D．Encouraging architects to design new types of buildings.
C 解析：细节理解题。由Paris部分中的“...encouraging architects to design new types of buildings such as the building ‘Flower Tower’”可知鼓励设计“Flower Tower”式的建筑物而不是禁止。
3．The purpose of the passage is ________．
A．to tell us how to protect the big cities
B．to give advice on how to defend natural disasters
C．to explain what causes flood and heat waves
D．to warn us of the increasing natural disasters in big cities
D 解析：写作意图题。由文章第一段最后一句“Some of the world’s leading cities are facing disasters like floods and heat waves.”可知文章主要警告我们大城市的自然灾害的增加。故D项正确。
4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Big Cities Facing Big Disasters
B．Big Disasters in the Future
C．The Increase of Natural Disasters
D．Solutions to Natural Disasters
A 解析：标题归纳题。全文描述了世界各大城市将会面临的各种自然灾害，故A项正确。
B
“Smile！” I shouted, holding a yellow sign up on a busy street in Seattle.We were three thousand miles away from home on a Random Acts of Kindness and Volunteerism Road Trip.We had two aims.One was to try out our new“Smile！” signs and see how much kindness and joy we could spread in Pike Place Market.The other was to raise $80 by doing street performances, enough for gas to Portland and a small hotel room.
We weren’t sure how people would react(回应) to our signs.I nervously raised up our signs and shouted，“Hi，there！”to a young couple.They looked over and felt confused.Then they read our signs and broke into a smile.Before long, some tourists wanted to take a photo with us and some strangers stopped to ask us about our signs.
In fact，we paid so close attention to our“Smile！”project that we forgot the other aim.Before we knew it, the sun was setting，and we had no money for our trip to Portland.We sat down to watch a blind musician play the guitar while thinking about what to do.He was packing up when a passing crowd kicked down his change bowl.He stumbled(绊倒) into the crowd.We rushed to help him, but another man moved more quickly to help him.
Once the musician had his money safely returned，we ran over to meet the strange helper and said，“We just wanted to praise you for your good deed.”He smiled，looking at our signs.“Your trip reminds me of something similar I once did when I was young，”he said.“Look! I’d like to donate(捐赠)．”We told him，“No，thanks! We are fine.We’ve collected plenty of money.”We lied.“Please let me donate.It will make me feel like I’m a part of this adventure，”he insisted.And then the stranger opened his wallet and pulled out four $20 bills.The money was exactly what we had intended to raise that day.We were astonished．It seemed as if he had known somehow.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者一行人在志愿者旅行活动中用“微笑！”标牌来传播善意和快乐。
5．What’s the main purpose of the road trip?
A．To spread kindness and joy.
B．To invite more people to join in the trip.
C．To raise money for a trip to Portland.
D．To encourage people to take happy photos.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...on a Random Acts of Kindness and Volunteerism Road Trip.”可知，此次志愿者旅行活动的主要目的是传播善意和快乐。
6．How did people react to the “Smile！” signs later?
A．Disappointed. B．Worried.
C．Interested. D．Moved.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Before long, some tourists wanted to take a photo with us and some strangers stopped to ask us about our signs.”可知，后来，人们对标牌很感兴趣。
7．According to the last paragraph，why did the strange helper want to donate money?
A．Because he felt pity for the author.
B．Because he wanted to join in the project.
C．Because he hoped to help the homeless.
D．Because he felt sorry for his impoliteness.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“‘Please let me donate.It will make me feel like I’m a part of this adventure，’ he insisted.”可知，这位自愿帮忙的陌生人是想参与到这项志愿活动中来。
8．What does the underlined word“astonished”in the last paragraph most probably mean?
A．Tired. B．Satisfied.
C．Frightened. D．Surprised.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“It seemed as if he had known somehow.”可知，作者他们一行人很“吃惊”，好像这位男士早知道他们需要80美元一样。
语法填空
Our world has been greatly affected by global warming and it is critical(关键的) that people，young and old，join hands to fight it.Most 1.____________(important)，children today should learn to be eco-friendly at a young age.
It is believed that the nation should require schools 2.____________(have) a class about “Green Living”．Every school should teach students to know about global warming and what they can do to reduce their carbon footprints.In the classes，students could be assigned to find several 3.____________(solve) to energy problems while learning about their effects 4.____________ the earth.Students also should 5.____________(encourage) to use what they learned in class at home.
Too many people think that global warming is not a threat，but it is one of our 6.____________(big) problems.Steps 7.____________(take) to be“green”in the school are so effective.What would children be learning if the school’s lights were always left on and there were no recycling bins?
Green living and green schools are part of 8.____________ new wave sweeping over the nation.How will our future leaders respond after years of living in a community 9.____________ protecting our world’s natural environment just isn’t considered important？Schools and the government should teach young people to devote 10.____________(they) to dealing with global warming.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了环境在我们生活中的地位，使我们进一步认识到绿色健康的生活方式应该从孩子的教育开始。
1．importantly 解析：考查副词。most importantly为固定搭配，意为“最重要的是”。
2．to have 解析：考查非谓语动词。require sb.to do sth.“要求某人做某事”。
3．solutions 解析：考查名词。根据句意可知，此处需填名词，动词solve变名词solution。根据前面的several可知，需用名词的复数形式。
4．on 解析：考查介词。effect on...“对……的影响”。
5．be encouraged 解析：考查动词的语态。句意：应该鼓励学生们在家里运用他们在学校所学到的东西。
6．biggest 解析：考查形容词的最高级。句意：……这是最大的问题之一。
7．taken 解析：考查非谓语动词。名词steps和take之间是被动关系。所以用过去分词作后置定语，修饰steps。
8．a 解析：考查冠词。句意：绿色生活、绿色校园是席卷整个国家的一股新浪潮。
9．where 解析：考查定语从句的关系词。该句为定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，先行词是community，所以填where。
10．themselves 解析：考查代词。devote oneself to...意为“投身于……”，所以填反身代词themselves。
书面表达
假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Peter想提高中文水平，进一步了解中国文化。请给他写一封信，推荐学习资源(resource)。内容包括：
1．学习资源：报纸、杂志及其他途径；
2．推荐理由；
3．表达祝愿。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Peter，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear__Peter，
I am glad to hear that you are eager to improve your Chinese and know more about Chinese culture.It’s my pleasure to recommend some resources to you.
Reading some popular newspapers and magazines, such as Southern Weekly，is the first choice，from which you can get lots of information about Chinese customs.Besides，there are other ways to experience the Chinese language and culture on the Internet，on TV or with some apps.The interesting news and stories in these resources are so amazing that you will never feel bored.I am sure you can benefit a lot from them.
I sincerely hope that you can make great progress in learning Chinese and have a better understanding of Chinese culture.
Yours，
Li__Hua
综合达标检测
阅读理解
A
Students in a college French class have helped fill the empty bookshelves of a very poor Haitian(海地的) school by writing 90 books. Although many children in Haiti speak Creole(克里奥尔语) at home, French is taught in classrooms and used by the government, and students are asked to know the language in order to get further education. Therefore, the class hoped to provide resources to help the young students learn French well.
The project, called Little French Books, was headed up by Jennifer Shotwell, a French professor at Randolph-Macon College in Ashland, Virginia. Shotwell had visited Haiti with a group of students in 2013 to support a Haitian student and give books to a new library. Following the trip, Shotwell brought the experience back to her classroom.
“My students have a chance to use the French language in a special way by writing children’s books，” Shotwell said. “Though some learners don’t think they can produce much with a new language, my students are learning to express themselves and create entertaining stories that we finally share with disadvantaged children who are also learning French.”
Shotwell had sent French books to Haitian schools, but they were printed on cheap paper that could be easily broken. So she started a Kickstarter, which collected more than $1，000 to make books with durable covers.
The books, which included stories about princesses, dinosaurs and exciting experiences，were given to the St. Gabriel’s school in Lascahobas.
“Each time a child gets into a new book, he will no doubt get new knowledge and new understanding. The Little French Books means a lot to our students，” said Gardy Myrtil, a teacher at the school.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。一个法语班的大学生们自己动手为落后的海地学校编写图书，帮助当地的学生更好地学习法语。
1．Why do the college students create books for children in Haiti?
A．To help the children learn French.
B．To follow the government’s requirements.
C．To stop the children from speaking Creole.
D．To make the library open with enough books.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的．..to help the young students learn French well可知，法语班的大学生们希望通过编写书籍来帮助海地的孩子学习法语。
2．What can we learn about the Little French Books?
A．It was started in 2003 by a student.
B．It is in the charge of Jennifer Shotwell.
C．It helps set up many new libraries in Haiti.
D．It provides textbooks as well as storybooks.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句可知，Little French Books是由Jennifer Shotwell负责的。
3．Which of the following words can replace the underlined word “durable” in Paragraph 4?
A．Strong. B．Colorful.
C．Beautiful. D．Thin.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段的第一句可知，Shotwell曾经给海地学校寄过书，但是这些书的纸张质量很差，很容易破裂。由此可以推知，Kickstarter通过筹集资金后制作的图书的封皮更加耐用。durable意为“耐用的；持久的”，在文章中可以用strong来代替。
B
In recent years, I’ve found mental illness has been a term largely avoided in conversation, and this has built a huge stigma(耻辱) against those suffering from depression(抑郁), anxiety, and other mental illnesses.What’s worse, mental illness is only brought up when the news draws our attention to it, but then the conversation quiets until the next sad thing happens.
It’s time for the conversation to continue. Instead of waiting for the next sad thing, we need to be open about mental health and about the struggles that come with mental illness and treatment. We need to develop an environment where people feel comfortable to ask for the help they need instead of hiding.
It takes a long time, but I am now open about my anxiety and depression. I’m open about my taking medication to treat my mental illnesses. I’m open about the struggle of finding the medication that works. I encourage everyone to do the same. Be honest and open with your conversations about mental health. The more comfortable people are with these conversations, the easier it will be for the conversation to continue. A continued conversation will lead to more ideas on treatment and more ideas on how to give help to those who need it.
We have the ability to help those we love and break the stigma around mental illness. Mental illness can actually affect anyone, impacting one out of every four people.
In short, let’s keep the conversation about mental health and mental illness open. Be sure to check up on your friends, and be open about the importance of mental health. If you’re comfortable, share your story, which may let others know they are not alone. Just as Albus Dumbledore said, “Happiness can be found in the darkest of times, if one only remembers to turn on the light”. Therefore, remember to turn on the light.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。最近几年，人们对心理疾病总是讳莫如深。作者针对此事阐述了自己的看法并且提出了建议。
4．Which of the following would the author agree with?
A．It’s hard to recover from mental illness.
B．We should pay much attention to our health.
C．The youth more likely suffer from mental illness.
D．People easily feel shame about having mental illness.
D 解析：观点态度题。根据第一段的In recent years, I’ve found mental illness has been a term...anxiety, and other mental illnesses.可知，人们常常因患精神疾病而感到羞耻。
5．How can a continued conversation benefit those with mental illnesses?
A．By reducing their anxiety.
B．By making them feel comfortable.
C．By helping them get support from others.
D．By helping them obtain some good advice on treatment.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的A continued conversation will lead to more ideas on treatment and more ideas on how to give help to those who need it.可知，如果出现心理问题，多跟别人深入交流有好处，也许可以得到治疗的好办法。
6．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．How to Start a Conversation
B．Be Open About Mental Health
C．The Importance of Mental Health
D．How to Avoid Depression and Anxiety
B 解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲了人们在面对有关心理健康或者心理疾病的问题时，总是选择避而不谈。因此作者建议人们应该大胆、敞开交流，以此来寻求最佳的解决方法，故可推出答案。
C
There have been some suggestions lately calling for the end of traffic in some cities by the year 2034. In order to reduce(减少) all this traffic, governments are planning to take away one of its biggest contributors(促成物)—cars. But is this a good idea? Our first reaction may be NO-NO-NO. They’re taking away our cars and how can we travel in the city daily? But when you consider the problem a little longer, you may find the plans quite sound and realistic. Here’s why：
The one thing that annoys(使烦恼) most big cities is the non-stop heavy traffic. You have to see how terrible it is to drive into a very busy city centre—London, Miami, Tokyo? I’d say it’s very bad. City layouts(规划) simply aren’t built to manage that many moving parts. If we allow only buses, taxis and bikes to use the road, traffic problems in large cities will be immediately solved.
If you ever go to a large city centre, you often realize the difficulty some people have with sidewalk-to-sidewalk travel. If you live in New York City, there are so many people crossing in such a small area, that it’s often difficult to know what exactly is even going on. But if cities begin to do away with cars, we’d see an increase in out-of-town travellers more willing to walk about city centres in safety.
The one thing that troubles any driver is being stuck in a traffic jam in the centre of town. You move forward at a very low speed, feeling annoyed, mad, and helpless. But why go through this hassle? If we do away with cars throughout major cities, it will give drivers the chance to actually enjoy their journeys on (more) open roads. It’s a strange thought, yes, but many drivers will tell you driving in city centres is like driving in hell(地狱)．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。作者认为，城市中心禁止小汽车通行有助于解决交通问题。
7．What is the author’s attitude to the government plans in Paragraph 1?
A．Doubtful. B．Uninterested.
C．Unfavourable. D．Supportive.
D 解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的But when you consider...sound and realistic.可推断，作者支持这些政府计划。
8．What can we infer form Paragraph 2?
A．Many large cities are widening their roads.
B．Cars are the main cause of traffic problems.
C．There is something wrong with city layouts.
D．The author is an experienced driver in a big city.
B 解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的If we allow only buses, taxis and bikes to use the road, traffic problems in large cities will be immediately solved.可推断，小汽车是造成交通拥挤的主要原因。
9．What does the author say about New York City?
A．It is heavily polluted.
B．Its streets are too busy.
C．It has fewer cars than before.
D．Its tourist numbers are increasing.
B 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的If you live in New York City...is even going on.可知，作者指出纽约市的街道非常拥挤。
10．What does the underlined word “hassle” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A．A sudden change.
B．A serious accident.
C．An annoying situation.
D．A dangerous experience.
C 解析：词义猜测题。hassle指代最后一段前两句所描述的情况，即司机开车被堵在市镇中心，以龟速前行，抓狂、急躁又无助。
七选五
Are you always late for school because you can’t wake up at the right time? 11.________ Don’t worry. Here are some ways to help you have a great morning routine.
12．________ Put all of your books, papers and other school requirements inside your schoolbag the night before. Watch the weather forecast to see what you should wear the next day.
Make sure you wake up at an early hour. Wake up at least thirty minutes or earlier before the school starts. 13.________ It’s also helpful to use an alarm clock to help you wake up. Don’t set your alarm too late. And remember not to set your alarm too early just to give yourself an excuse to hit the snooze button.
Go straight to the bathroom to brush your teeth and wash your face. This is a good start for keeping nice and clean during the school day. If you want, take a quick shower. 14.________
Have a quick breakfast available. Make sure you like what you have for breakfast. 15.________ If you don’t have enough time to prepare, choosing bread, eggs, yogurt, and fruit as your breakfast is also a good idea. It won’t take you much time to make such a nutritious breakfast.
A．Prepare everything in advance.
B．Make sure you get at least 8 hours of sleep.
C．Only in this way can you have plenty of time to get ready.
D．Do you always have a great morning routine before school?
E．But always remember that any breakfast is better than none.
F．It will make you smell and feel better throughout the whole day.
G．Or are you always rushing into getting ready in the school morning?
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了使你在上学日的早晨有条不紊地准备东西出门的几条建议。
11．G 解析：此空设于段中，与第一句是并列关系。根据后面的Don’t worry.可推测，此句应和第一句并列，都是描述在上学日的早上可能会出现的一些不好的状况。
12．A 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。本段后面的内容都是围绕此句展开的，指出要提前把东西准备好。
13．C 解析：此空设于段中，对上一句进行解释。上句指出要提前至少三十分钟起床，此句解释原因，因为只有这样，你才能有充足的时间准备一切。
14．F 解析：此空设于段尾，与上文存在逻辑上的指代关系。此句中的It指代的是上文提到的take a quick shower。
15．E 解析：此空设于段中，是一个过渡句。本段前一句指出要确保你喜欢你的早餐，后一句讲如果你没有充足的时间准备早餐，把面包、鸡蛋等作为早餐也是一个不错的选择可推测，此处讲要记住有早餐总比没有好。
完形填空
My mom used to drive my younger sister and me to primary school. As soon as her car was gone, we’d __16__ our headscarves(头巾). Not that our headscarves were the only __17__. My sister and I were the only people of color in our school. Kids __18__ us, and called us monkeys more than once. My parents had come to the United States as refugees(难民) in 1998, and we were born a year later; we __19__ speaking Somali.Learning English had both advantages and disadvantages because it __20__ me to understand what everyone was saying about us.
At home my mom __21__ cooked Somali meals—rice with goat(山羊) meat, a banana on the side— __22__ my sister and I were ashamed to have friends over. We __23__ speaking Somali. When my parents __24__ school, I’d walk ten steps behind. If kids asked why they wore headscarves, I’d say, “Those aren’t my __25__．”
When I started at a middle school for students of different races, I began to realize I had been __26__. I wanted to change those in my position(处境), so in high school I __27__ an after-school class at a refugee center. I kept saying that my students and their identities were __28__， no matter what society said. But when a friend __29__ me to take part in the Miss Africa Utah contest(比赛), I said, “How can I be a beauty queen if I’m not pretty？” There I was, telling kids to be __30__ of themselves and still beating myself up. So I __31__ the contest.
Regrettably, my parents both had to work the night of the contest. But when I went on stage, I saw that they’d __32__ all their friends, who cheered as I was chosen to be the __33__. Now I am __34__ the Somali language again. I forgot so many parts of my own culture, and I __35__ want to lose touch with them again.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者上小学时，因自己的种族和肤色不同而倍感自卑。升入中学后，她开始意识到自己以前的想法是错误的。后来，在朋友鼓励下参加选美比赛夺冠后作者的态度完全发生改变。
16．A.put on B．show off
C．try on D．take off
D 解析：由下文中的If kids asked why they wore headscarves, I’d say, “Those aren’t my...”可知妈妈一走，“我”和妹妹就会“摘掉(take off)”头巾。
17．A.problem B．fun
C．choice D．reason
A 解析：由下文中的My sister and I were the only people of color in our school.可知，对我们来说，并不是只有戴头巾这一个“问题(problem)”。在学校里，我们的肤色和其他人也不同。
18．A.cared about B．laughed at
C．depended on D．learned from
B 解析：由上文中的My sister and I were the only people of color in our school.以及本句中的called us monkeys more than once可知，此处表示孩子们不止一次“嘲笑(laughed at)”我们。
19．A.grew up B．decided on
C．prepared for D．stayed up
A 解析：由上文以及本句中的My parents had come to the United States as refugees(难民) in 1998, and we were born a year later可知，我们从小就说索马里语，grew up符合语境。
20．A.asked B．expected
C．allowed D．required
C 解析：由上文中的Kids...called us monkeys more than once.以及we...speaking Somali可知，此处表示学习英语既有利也有弊，因为它“使(allowed)”“我”能够理解大家对我们的议论。
21．A.hardly B．already
C．only D．ever
C 解析：由上文以及本句中的my sister and I were ashamed to have friends over可知，在家里妈妈“只(only)”做索马里餐，“因此(so)”我们不愿意请朋友来家里做客。
22．A.when B．but
C．because D．so
D 解析：参见上题解析。
23．A.enjoyed B．remembered
C．began D．stopped
D 解析：由最后一段中的Now I am...the Somali language again. I forgot so many parts of my own culture可知，此处表示我们也不讲索马里语了，stopped符合语境。
24．A.attended B．came to
C．started D．gave up
B 解析：由上文中的My mom used to drive my younger sister and me to primary school. As soon as her car was gone, we’d...our headscarves(头巾)．以及my sister and I were ashamed to have friends over可知，“我”父母“来(came to)”学校时，“我”会在他们后面走，保持十步远的距离。其他小孩问“我”他们为什么要戴头巾时，“我”会说他们不是“我”的“父母(parents)”。
25．A.parents B．teachers
C．students D．friends
A 解析：参见上题解析。
26．A.new B．wrong
C．quiet D．lucky
B 解析：由上文可知，作者上小学时，因自己的种族和肤色不同倍感自卑。结合本句中的I started at a middle school for students of different races和下文中的I wanted to change those in my position(处境)可知，“我”开始意识到自己以前的想法是“错误的(wrong)”。
27．A.took B．missed
C．followed D．taught
D 解析：由下文中的my students以及telling kids to...themselves可知，“我”在一处难民营给孩子们进行课外辅导，taught符合语境。
28．A.similar B．strange
C．beautiful D．common
C 解析：由上文可知，作者上小学时，因自己的种族和肤色不同倍感自卑。结合上文中的I wanted to change those in my position(处境)可知，此处表示“我”一直强调“我”的学生很美，他们的出身并不低下，beautiful符合语境。
29．A.encouraged B．forced
C．ordered D．helped
A 解析：由下文中的I said, “How can I be a beauty queen if I’m not pretty？”可知，一位朋友“鼓励(encouraged)”“我”参加Miss Africa Utah选美比赛。
30．A.free B．afraid
C．tired D．proud
D 解析：由上文可知，作者上小学时，因自己的种族和肤色不同倍感自卑。结合上文中的I wanted to change those in my position(处境)可知，此处表示“我”告诉孩子们以自己为“荣(proud)”。
31．A.held B．entered
C．lost D．understood
B 解析：由下文中的when I went on stage可知，“我”“参加了(entered)”比赛。
32．A.sent B．supported
C．welcomed D．lent
A 解析：由上文中的my parents both had to work the night of the contest以及本句中的But可知，比赛当晚，“我”的父母都得上班。但是当“我”站在舞台上时，“我”看到他们的朋友们来了，sent符合语境。
33．A.judge B．winner
C．speaker D．audience
B 解析：由上文中的the contest以及本句中的cheered可推断，此处表示作者夺得了“冠军(winner)”。
34．A.hearing B．discussing
C．learning D．changing
C 解析：由上文可知，作者上小学时，因自己的种族和肤色不同倍感自卑，不愿意戴头巾，也不愿意讲索马里语。结合本句中的again可知，“我”现在又在“学(learning)”索马里语。
35．A.almost B．just
C．never D．even
C 解析：由上文中的When I started at a middle school for students of different races, I began to realize I had been...I wanted to change those in my position(处境)以及后来参加选美比赛可知，此处表示“我”曾经忘记了自己文化中的许多东西，现在“我”再也不想丢掉它们了，故填never。
语法填空
I’ve been living in the Basque Country in Southwest France for three 36.____________(month) now, and I really love it!
The Basque Country is an area 37.____________ covers parts of Southwest France and Northwest Spain. This area has many wonderful traditions involving(涉及) food, music, festivals and more. While all those things are great, it’s the Basque language that I find the most 38.____________(interest) of all. I came to France 39.____________(learn) French, but I can’t help 40.____________(be) attracted by this strange-looking language, which doesn’t seem to have anything in common with French, English, or any other language! It 41.____________(certain) doesn’t sound like any language I’ve ever heard before!
Languages like Basque are called minority(少数民族)languages because they 42.____________(speak) by a smaller number of people than the other language or languages in a country. Basque is a minority language in France because most people speak French instead, and 43.____________number of Basque speakers is decreasing, especially among young people.
Minority languages like Basque bring local communities together and give people an identity that is a bit different from the rest of the country. 44.____________ would be a pity if these languages disappeared, so people should try hard to protect 45.____________(they)．
36．months 解析：考查名词复数。设空处表示“月”，month是可数名词，由设空处前的three可知，此处应填months。
37．that/which 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词area，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
38．interesting 解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。it’s...that...为强调句，可还原为I find the Basque language the most ____________(interest) of all.。由此可知，设空处应填形容词interesting，表示“有趣的”。
39．to learn 解析：考查不定式作状语的用法。设空处所在句意为“我来法国学法语”，故填to learn。 to learn French在此作目的状语。
40．being 解析：考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处所在句意为“我却不由地被这种形式奇特的语言所吸引”，故填being。 can’t help doing sth.意为“忍不住做某事”。
41．certainly 解析：考查副词。设空处作状语，表示“毫无疑问”，故填副词certainly。
42．are spoken 解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。they(指代minority languages)与speak之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，因为此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填are spoken。
43．the 解析：考查定冠词。设空处所在句意为“讲巴斯克语的人数在减少”，故填the。the number of...意为“……的数量”。
44．It 解析：考查it的用法。It would be a pity if...为固定句型，表示“如果……就太可惜了”。
45．them 解析：考查代词。设空处作宾语，指代these languages，表示“它们”，故填them。
应用文写作
假定你是李华，最近你与曾在你校就读的交换生Tony取得了联系。请你用英语给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．介绍你的学习情况；
2．询问他的汉语学习情况；
3．告知你将去他所在的城市旅行。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Tony，
I’m glad to get in touch with you. I’m writing to tell you something about my study now.
You know, I used to be weak in physics but now with the help of our physics teacher, I have made great progress since I entered senior high school this year. How are you getting on with your Chinese learning? I believe you’ve also made great progress. By the way, next month I’m going to take a trip to your city. I’ll bring your favorite Chinese tea to you.
Looking forward to seeing you.
Yours，
Li Hua
概要写作
Humankind has tried to improve its standard of living since the very beginning of civilization. Back then, as well as today, providing food and security was the basic task for a person. However, nowadays the range of required goods has expanded greatly. People feel the need for not only some primary things, such as a piece of bread and a roof over their heads, but also for various facilities and luxuries(奢侈品). Providing humanity with these things is connected to the use of natural resources, which requires energy. The problem is that the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution, so economic growth is almost unavoidably associated with environmental damage.
There are certain aspects of economic growth which affect the environment. One of these is the fact that in order to produce more goods and products, the construction of large industrial plants is required. These plants produce a lot of waste, leading to the pollution of water and the atmosphere, which may cause negative long term health effects to nearby populations of animals, or people.
Industrial manufacturing leads to the constantly increasing energy consumption. The traditional energy sources, which are commonly used nowadays, are considered to be the greatest polluters to the environment. There also exist so-called eco-friendly sources of energy. They are sometimes preferred but replacing the traditional sources with them also requires time, during which people have to make some sacrifices(牺牲) to support these undertakings. What’s more, to produce economically practical energy, people unavoidably have to transform the natural site. This is expensive and, has harmful effects on the environment. For example, application of wind energy would block air flows’ natural speed, which is the reason for their decrease in strength after crossing the windmill. Consequently, the pressure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected, and it is important to remember that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure.
For these reasons, bringing about economic growth without any resulting environmental damage, whatsoever, is impossible.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Humans’ desire for material comforts has resulted in great damage to the environment.(要点1) To produce more goods, we have constructed industrial plants, which consume lots of energy and cause serious pollution.(要点2) Though people try to substitute eco-friendly energy for traditional sources, it takes time and even the clean energy will influence the environment in some ways.(要点3) So economic growth is bound to go hand in hand with environmental damage.(要点4)
《战争与和平》是俄罗斯伟大作家列夫·托尔斯泰历时13年之久完成的一部伟大作品。它以战争为中心，以库拉金、包尔康斯基、劳斯托夫和别竺豪夫四家贵族的生活为线索，展示了19世纪最初15年的俄国历史，描绘了各个阶级的生活，是一部再现当时社会风貌的恢弘史诗。
[词句积累]
1．palliate/'p?lIeIt/vt.
掩饰
2．faithful/'feIθfl/adj.
忠实的
3．scare/ske?(r)/vt.吓唬
4．distinguished/dI'stI?ɡwI?t/
adj.高贵的
5．confidential/?k?nfI'den?l/
adj.机密的；受信任的
War and Peace(excerpt)
“WELL, PRINCE, Genoa and Lucca are now no more than private estates of the Bonaparte family. No, I warn you, that if you do not tell me we are at war, if you again allow yourself to palliate all the infamies and atrocities of this Antichrist(upon my word, I believe he is), I don’t know you in future, you are no longer my friend, no longer my faithful slave, as you say. There, how do you do, how do you do? I see I’m scaring you, sit down and talk to me.”
These words were uttered in July 1805 by Anna Pavlovna Scherer, a distinguished lady of the court, and confidential maid-of-honour to the Empress Marya Fyodorovna. It was her greeting to Prince Vassily, a man high in rank and office, who was the first to arrive at her soirée. Anna Pavlovna had been coughing for the last few days; she had an attack of la grippe, as she said—grippe was then a new word only used by a few people. In the notes she had sent round in the morning by a footman in red livery, she had written to all indiscriminately：“If you have nothing better to do, count(or prince), and if the prospect of spending an evening with a poor invalid is not too alarming to you, I shall be charmed to see you at my house between 7 and 10. Annette Scherer.”
“Heavens! what a violent outburst！” the prince responded, not in the least disconcerted at such a reception. He was wearing an embroidered court uniform, stockings and slippers, and had stars on his breast, and a bright smile on his flat face.
He spoke in that elaborately choice French, in which our forefathers not only spoke but thought, and with those slow, patronising intonations peculiar to a man of importance who has grown old in court society.
《战争与和平》(节选)
“啊，公爵，热那亚和卢加现在是波拿巴家族的领地，不过，我得事先对您说，如果您不对我说我们这里处于战争状态，如果您还敢袒护这个基督的敌人(我确实相信，他是一个基督的敌人)的种种卑劣行径和他一手造成的灾祸，那么我就不再管您了。您就不再是我的朋友，您就不再是，如您所说的，我的忠实的奴隶。啊，您好，您好。我看我正在吓唬您，请坐，讲给我听。”
1805年7月，遐迩闻名的安娜·帕夫洛夫娜·舍列尔——皇后玛丽亚·费奥多罗夫娜的宫廷女官和心腹，在欢迎首位莅临晚会的达官显要瓦西里公爵时说过这番话。安娜·帕夫洛夫娜一连咳嗽几天了。正如她所说，她身患流行性感冒(那时候，流行性感冒是个新词，只有少数人才用它)。她在清早由一名红衣听差在分别发出的便函中，千篇一律地写道：“伯爵(或公爵)，如您意下尚无任何可取的娱乐，如今天晚上这个可怜的女病人的症状不致使您过分惧怕，则请于7时至10时间莅临寒舍，不胜雀跃。安娜·舍列尔。”
“我的天，大打出手，好不激烈！”公爵答道，对这种接见丝毫不感到困惑。他穿着绣花的宫廷礼服、长筒袜子、短靴皮鞋，佩戴着多枚明星勋章，扁平的面部流露出愉快的表情。
他讲的是优雅的法语，我们的祖辈不仅借助它来说话，而且借助它来思考，他说起话来语速缓慢，带有高人一等的特有腔调，那是上流社会和宫廷中德高望重的老年人独具的语调。
四大核心素养养成档案
核心素养
具体能力
模块效果评价
问题原因分析
语言能力
词汇的识记能力、语言的运用能力
文化品格
对中外文化的理解与鉴赏能力
思维品质
用英语进行分析、概括与推断的能力
学习能力
自我选用学习策略、方法和评价的能力
重点单词
重点词汇夯实练
1.①Jenny is scared(scare) of going out alone at night although she has grown up.
②Although the film is scaring(scare), many people want to watch it.
2．①a.(北京卷)We are fortunate(fortune) that in such a large, high-pressure office we all get along so well.
b．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)__Fortunately(fortune), after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to leave and later the family met up for dinner.
②She is fortunate to__have(have) a good teacher and he helps her a lot with English.
3．We like our English teacher very much. She always takes a friendly attitude towards/to us.
4．①Jane devotes herself to teaching(teach) the deaf children and she has little time to care for her own daughter.
②a.You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted(devote) to your work.
b．With all her time devoted(devote) to the experiments, she has no time for housework.
③A teacher’s devotion(devote) to education deserves great respect of the whole public because it brings benefits to the development of society.
5．The earthquake did damage to the area where many houses fell down and many people were trapped in ruins.
6．①With the government’s aid，those who were__affected(affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
②Modern farming methods can have an effect on the environment.
7．Tom, an adopted child, was__adopted at the age of four and his success in life was largely due to the adoption．(adopt)
8．①More and more people realize that the key to solving the problem is to__reduce(reduce) pollution.
②The number of unemployment has been reduced by__10 percent to 20，000 since 2019.
9．①In order to ease the traffic pressure, a huge amount of money was(be) spent on the new highways in 2019.
②In order to ease the traffic pressure, huge amounts of money were(be) spent on the new highways in 2019.
10．①They urged me to__eat(eat) the strange food which I have never seen before.
②He urged that we (should)__take(take) such steps to solve these problems in time.
③Every minute of the day is filled with urgent(urge) matters to deal with.
11．①a.He called the police because he was concerned about/for my safety.
b．As we all know, parents focus their attention on their children’s study, because it is concerned with their future.
②a.Concerned(concern) about the health of her son, Mrs. Jackson went to the school to visit him every week.
b．He asked several questions concerned(concern) with the future of the company.
③As far as I am concerned(concern), riding bicycles is a good solution to air pollution.
12．①The Nobel prizes would be awarded to people who made great contributions(contribute) to the causes of peace，literature, and the sciences.
②Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.
重点短语
会书写
会应用
1.in__fear 恐惧，担心
2．be__scared/frightened__of/afraid__of 害怕……
3．due__to 由于，因为
4．cut__off 切断；阻断；隔绝
5．have__an__effect__on 对……有影响
6．see...as... 把……看作……
7．mistake...for... 把……误认为……
8．break__down 分解
9．turn__off 关闭
10．take...into__account 把……考虑进去
1.People are__scared__of being laughed at by others in public.
2．He always makes mistakes due__to his carelessness.
3．Turn__off the light when you leave the room.
4．It will take many years to break__down the plastic.
5．When you make a budget, you should take the payment into__account．
6．He resembles his brother a lot, so I often mistake__ him for his brother.
重点句型
1.形容词短语作状语
Those travelers returned to the hotel, tired__and__sleepy．
那些游客们回到宾馆，又累又困。
2．was/were doing...when...
I was__walking along the street when I heard my name called.
我正在沿街散步，突然听到有人喊我的名字。
3.It takes some time (for sb./sth.) to do sth.
It__takes__half__an__hour__to__go there on foot.
步行到那里去要半个小时。
4．倍数句型
We have produced three__times__as__many__computers__as__we did last year.
我们生产的计算机是去年的三倍多。
单元语法
单句语法填空
1．I got the story written(write) in English.
2．Our manager left the problem unsettled(unsettle)．
3．As he spoke, he observed everybody looking(look) at him curiously.
4．With everything well arranged(arrange), he left the office.
5．At that moment, I saw him crossing(cross) the street.
6．Please keep us informed(inform) of the latest news.
7．She wants her paintings displayed(display) in the gallery, but we don’t think they would be very popular.
8．He got his tooth pulled(pull) out last Sunday.
9．I hear her practicing(practice) oral English every morning.
10．John had an accident and found the car broken(break)．
课件14张PPT。Unit 6 Earth firstscaredscaringUnit 6 Earth firstfortunateFortunatelyto havetowards/toUnit 6 Earth firstteachingdevoteddevoteddevotionUnit 6 Earth firsttowere onaffectedUnit 6 Earth firstadoptedwas adopted adoption to reducebytoUnit 6 Earth firstwaswereto eat(should) takeurgentUnit 6 Earth firstabout/forwithConcernedconcerned concernedUnit 6 Earth firstcontributions to Unit 6 Earth firstin fearbe scared/frightened of/afraid ofdue tocut off have an effect onsee...as...mistake...for...break downturn offtake...into accountUnit 6 Earth firstare scared ofdue toTurn offbreak downtakeinto accountmistakeforUnit 6 Earth firsttired and sleepywas walkingwhenIt takes half three times an hour to goas many computers asUnit 6 Earth firstwrittenunsettled lookingarrangedcrossingUnit 6 Earth firstinformeddisplayedpulledpracticingbroken本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放单元过关检测(六)
(时间：120分钟，满分：150分)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What’s the weather like?
A．Windy and rainy.
B．Windy and snowy.
C．Windy and cloudy.
2．How did the man know about the fire?
A．He saw it.
B．He heard it over the radio.
C．He watched it on TV.
3．Why is the man sad?
A．He is out of work.
B．He is in poor health.
C．His son is ill.
4．What happened to the man’s son?
A．He got hurt in an accident.
B．He fell into a river.
C．He lost his bike.
5．What might be the man’s problem?
A．He has caught a bad cold.
B．He has heart trouble.
C．His stomach aches.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、 B、 C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What did the man lose?
A．His credit card.
B．His ID card.
C．100 dollars.
7．What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A．Friends.
B．Loser and policeman.
C．Customer and salesgirl.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．How many people were killed by the hurricane?
A．Less than 20.
B．At least 20.
C．At most 20.
9．Who has gone to the stricken area?
A．Soldiers.
B．Workers.
C．Farmers.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．What happened to the couple?
A．They met with a storm and their boat was broken into pieces.
B．Their boat ran into a whale and sank.
C．Their boat hit a rock and sank.
11．Where was the robber caught?
A．In the revolving door.
B．In the bank.
C．In the chimney.
12．Why did the man climb into the chimney?
A．He wanted to stay away from the police.
B．He wanted to get out of the house.
C．He wanted to get into the house.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．What time does the man leave home?
A．At 7：00.
B．At 8：00.
C．At 7：15.
14．How does the man go to work?
A．He drives his car.
B．He takes the underground.
C．He takes a taxi.
15．What does the man do at one o’clock?
A．He has a talk.
B．He has lunch.
C．He takes a walk.
16．Where does the man work?
A．In a bank.
B．In a shop.
C．In a school.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．Where did the speaker see snow for the first time?
A．In Hong Kong.
B．In the USA.
C．In Canada.
18．Why was the speaker very happy one evening?
A．He didn’t need to go to school.
B．It was beginning to snow.
C．He could put on warm clothes.
19．What news did the speaker hear over the radio?
A．They didn’t have to go to school that day.
B．It snowed heavily all over the country.
C．Help would come from all over the country.
20．What did the speaker do the next morning?
A．He went to school.
B．He went fishing in the river.
C．He played in the snow.
答案：1－5.CBABB 6－10.AABAB
11－15.ACBBC 16－20.ACBAC
听力材料
(Text 1)
W：When the lights went out, nothing could be seen.Then the wind started up，① and all the windows started to shake so hard that I thought the house was going to fall down.
M：Then what happened?
W：I looked out of the window and saw the sky covered with dangerous, dark clouds.①
(Text 2)
W：There was a big fire in my neighborhood last night.Two people were injured and three houses were burned down.
M：I know.I tried to call you up after I heard it on the radio.②
(Text 3)
W：Why are you so sad these days?
M：I have been out of work for three months, but still I haven’t found a job.③
W：Let me help you find one.I have many friends in this city.I think they can help you.
M：I would appreciate it if you could help me.
(Text 4)
W：I hear your son fell into a river yesterday afternoon.Is that so?
M：That’s true.④But soon afterwards, he was saved by a Mr.Li.He is all right now.
W：Have you spoken to Mr.Li?
M：Not yet.But I must try to find him and say thanks to him.
(Text 5)
M：What’s happening?
W：He’s lying on the ground.
M：What colour is his face?
W：It’s blue and he says his chest hurts.⑤
(Text 6)
M：Someone stole my wallet last night.
W：Oh, no! What happened?
M：Well, I was working out, and I had put my stuff in my locker, just like I always do.When I came back, someone had stolen my wallet.I guess I forgot to lock the locker.
W：I’m sorry.That’s terrible! Did you lose much money?
M：Only about $20.But I lost my credit card.⑥ What a pain!
(Text 7)
M：Surprising news!
W：What’s the matter, John?
M：Last night a hurricane struck the southeast of our country.
W：Really? How is it there?
M：It has been reported that the supply of water, gas and electricity has been cut off and a lot of houses were damaged.
W：How many people were killed?
M：Not exactly, but at least a score died and another score has ended their suffering in hospital.⑧
W：I’m feeling very sorry.And an immediate measure should be taken.
M：Yes.The army has been called in to help.⑨
(Text 8)
M：What a terrible story! A couple were sailing from Hawaii to Mexico.While they were crossing the Pacific, their boat hit a whale and sank.⑩
W：Is that true? What happened to the whale?
M：It doesn’t say.Oh, and here is another one.A man in Los Angeles was robbing a bank.But as he was escaping, he got caught in the revolving door.?
W：I guess it was his first bank robbery.
M：Yeah.Oh, listen to this.Someone got locked out of his house, so he tried to get in through the chimney.?
W：Don’t tell me! He got stuck in the chimney!
M：Exactly.And he was still trying to get out two days later when the police saved him.
(Text 9)
M：I get up around seven o’clock and have breakfast.Then I have to leave home at about eight, I guess.?It takes me about fifteen minutes to take the underground to start work.?
W：Do you like your job?
M：It’s OK.Some days it’s fine, some days you get some really tricky customers.
W：Do you get time off for lunch?
M：Sure.I stop around twelve thirty, and then at one o’clock, I take a walk in the park—just to get some fresh air, you know.? If the weather’s OK, I’ll have a sandwich or something there.
W：Mmm.Does it get busy in the afternoon?
M：No more than in the morning, I guess.When the bank’s open, people call at all times.?
W：So when do you leave work?
M：I leave work at about six fifteen in the evening, and at six thirty I take the underground back home.I don’t do much when I get home, except watch TV.I guess I go to bed at around eleven thirty.
(Text 10)
Our first winter, in Canada was the happiest one we have ever experienced.?We were living in the countryside then and had just arrived from Hong Kong that autumn.One evening in mid-December snow began to fall.When we looked out of the window and saw that it was snowing, we all felt very happy.?It was the first snow we had ever seen and we were excited.?Next morning when we woke up, it was still snowing.We turned on the radio and learned that more than ten inches of snow had fallen during the night and that since there was too much snow on the roads there would be no school that day.?We jumped up and down with joy and asked Mother to let us go outside to play in the snow.?She said we could go out after breakfast if we dressed ourselves warmly and promised to come back as soon as we felt cold. When we went out, the snow had almost stopped. The roads, paths, gardens, and playgrounds were all hidden under soft white snow. It was the most beautiful sight we had ever seen.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)
第一节(共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
In October, I told the eight-year-olds in the class I teach in Pompton Lakes, New Jersey, about my plan. “Since all of you have done extra jobs around the house to earn some money，” I said, “then we’ll buy food for a Thanksgiving dinner for someone who might not have a nice dinner otherwise.”
I watched them while they walked up and down the supermarket. “Flowers！” Kristine cried. The group rushed towards the holiday plants.
“You can’t eat flowers.”—It was wiser to use any extra money to buy something that could be turned into meals.
“But Mrs Sherlock，” came the begging voice, “we want flowers.”
Defeated finally, I put a pot of “funny” purple mums in the cart full of foods. “She’ll like this one，” the children agreed.
An organisation had given us the name and address of a needy grandmother who had lived alone for many years. We finally pulled up in front of a small house. A slightly-built woman with a weary face came to the door to welcome us.
My little group ran to get the foods. As each box was carried in, the old woman kept on saying “Thanks.”—much to her visitors’ pleasure. When Amy put the mums on the counter, the woman seemed surprised. She’s wishing it was a bag of rice, I thought.
We returned to the car. As we fastened our seat belts, we could see the kitchen window. The woman inside waved goodbye, then turned and walked across the room, past the turkey, past the goods, straight to the mums. She put her face in them. When she raised her head, there was a smile on her lips. She was transformed(转变) before our eyes.
The children were quiet. At that moment, they had seen for themselves the power they have to make another’s life better. The children had sensed that sometimes a person needs a pot of funny purple flowers on a dark November day.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者让学生们给无法享用美味晚餐的人购买感恩节晚餐所需的食物，在孩子们的强烈要求下买了一盆紫色的菊花，送给了一位老太太。老太太看到花后，把脸埋在花里，然后露出了微笑。孩子们的善举和鲜花改变了老太太的心情和生活。
21．What does the story mainly tell us?
A．Everyone has the power to change the world.
B．Acts of kindness can change someone’s life.
C．The poor people may need flowers as well.
D．Children have different thoughts from adults.
B 解析：主旨大意题。作者号召学生们给无法享用美味晚餐的人购买感恩节晚餐所需的食物，在孩子们的强烈要求下买了一盆紫色的菊花，送给了一位老太太。老太太看到花后，把脸埋在花里，然后露出了微笑。孩子们的善举和鲜花改变了老太太的心情和生活。故选B项。
22．What does the underlined word “mums” refer to in the passage?
A．Mothers. B．Teachers.
C．Flowers. D．Gifts.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据孩子们说的“Flowers！”“we want flowers.”和最后一段中的“a person needs a pot of funny purple flowers”可知，作者在孩子们的强烈要求下买了一盆紫色的花，因此mums是花。故选C项。
23．What can we know from the passage?
A．The old woman preferred food to flowers.
B．Flowers are more important than food to the poor.
C．The old woman’s dark day was brightened by the children.
D．All the money the children earned was transformed to food.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后两段中的“...straight to the mums. She put her face in them. When she raised her head, there was a smile on her lips. She was transformed(转变) before our eyes.”和“The children had sensed that sometimes a person needs a pot of funny purple flowers on a dark November day.”可推知，老太太看到花后，把脸埋在花里，然后露出了微笑，孩子们也意识到在黑暗的11月中，有时人们需要一盆紫色的花，由此可知是孩子们照亮了老太太黑暗的日子。故选C项。
B
German artist HA Schult is an unusual artist who uses trash(废物) to make sculptures. “We are living in the time of garbage, ” says Schult. “I created a thousand sculptures of garbage. They are a mirror of ourselves.” Here, Schult was talking about his 1，000 trash sculptures in the form of humans. He first exhibited them in 1996 in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia.
“They are social sculptures，” he explains. “They are not only sculptures for the eyes. They are sculptures to spread the idea that we live in a time of garbage.” So far, Schult’s social sculptures have been on show in Paris, in Moscow’s Red Square, on the Great Wall of China, and in the desert next to the Pyramids of Giza near Cairo.
HA Schult’s work is unforgettable. Although his work has had a big influence on the art world, Schult remains modest(谦虚的) about his creations：“Artists have to learn every time. We are not important. All that counts is the time in which we are living.”
Trash art has been around for years. But it seems that only the popular artists are regarded as true artists when working with trash. Why can’t common people be considered artists when they use the same things and change them into some form of personal art? Maybe it’s because we all have our own preset ideas of what art is and isn’t, or whom artists are or should be.
You can be an artist like Schult if you try. Look at used metal cans. What might be done with them? Imagine them in any number of new uses, or imagine them simply as an art form. What about boxes or clothing? Boxes can usually serve as new storage containers and houses for pets. And clothing? Imagine taking old clothes and turning them into hats or hanging organizers.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。德国艺术家Schult用垃圾做成雕像，以此提醒人们，我们现在生活在一个充满垃圾的时代，号召人们关注环境问题。
24．What do we know about Schult’s sculptures?
A．They served as garbage containers.
B．They reflected environmental problems.
C．They were first shown in Paris, France.
D．They were to raise economic awareness.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段前三句可知，Schult用垃圾做成雕像，以此提醒人们，我们现在生活在一个充满垃圾的时代，这些用垃圾做的雕像是我们自己的镜子。由此可推知，Schult的雕像反映了环境问题。
25．What kind of message do HA Schult’s artistic works get across?
A．An artist must be socially responsible.
B．An artist must be as modest as possible.
C．An artist must make garbage recyclable.
D．An artist must take different kinds of artistic forms.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段前两句可知，Schult做的垃圾雕像是社会雕像，它们不仅是让人们观看的，而且是在传播一种思想：我们生活在一个充满垃圾的时代。由此可推知，艺术家要通过艺术来承担起社会责任。
26．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Could You Be a Trash Artist?
B．What Are Social Sculptures?
C．Do You Know About Trash Art?
D．How Can We Deal with Used Cans?
A 解析：标题归纳题。根据最后一段第一句“You can be an artist like Schult if you try.”可知，如果我们去尝试，每个人都可以成为像Schult一样的艺术家。A项“你能成为一个垃圾艺术家吗？”与文章中心思想一致。
C
People all need friends because nobody wants to be lonely and a friend can help you in good and bad times. You’ve made friends since childhood，but you still don’t know who your true friends are. Here are some signs to tell you if your friend is a true friend：
Always honest
Honesty is important to keep a relationship alive. A true friend always tells you the truth. It may be hard sometimes but lying can destroy a friendship. It is important that your friend speaks honestly and never makes up stories.
________
There are always periods in your life when you have problems or difficulties. A true friend will always have time to listen to your problems and give advice. He/She may not be able to offer a solution to your problems but the fact that your friend made time to listen is a sign he/she cares for you. Your friend is not a true friend if he/she can never make time for you when you are in trouble. You also need to be reasonable and accept that your friend also has other things to do so he/she can’t always listen immediately to your problems.
Always respectful(尊敬的)
A true friend will always respect your opinion no matter whether he/she agrees or not. Your true friend may disagree but never insists that he/she is correct.
Always understanding
It is possible that some problems will arise between you and your friend. A true friend will always be forgiving(体谅的) and understanding, even if it isn’t his/her fault. We are all different people and we all make mistakes. A true friend is always forgiving and understanding because he/she doesn’t want to take the risk of losing his/her best friend.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。什么样的朋友才是真正的朋友呢？本文作者给出了答案。
27．What’s the best title for the third paragraph?
A．Always there for you
B．Keep your secrets
C．Always be happy for you
D．Remember your important days
A 解析：段落大意题。根据文章第三段的大意可知，本段主要讲真正的朋友在你遇到困难的时候会在你身边。
28．According to the passage, a true friend will always ________．
A．follow your advice
B．offer a solution to your problems
C．listen immediately to your problems
D．respect your opinion even if he/she disagrees with it
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“A true friend will always respect your opinion no matter whether he/she agrees or not.”可知，真正的朋友不管同不同意你的观点都会尊重你的观点。
29．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A．Never tell lies to friends.
B．Making time for friends.
C．Sharing fun with friends.
D．Paying attention to a friend’s opinions.
C 解析：细节理解题。A项在第二段提到了，B项在第三段提到了，D项在第四段提到了，唯独C项与朋友分享乐趣没提到。
30．Why does a true friend always forgive and understand you?
A．Because he/she wants to help you.
B．Because he/she doesn’t want to lose you.
C．Because he/she wants you to feel confident.
D．Because he/she doesn’t care about your mistakes.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“A true friend is always forgiving and understanding because he/she doesn’t want to take the risk of losing his/her best friend.”可知，真正的朋友总是能够原谅和理解你是因为他/她不想失去你。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A major source of teen stress is school exams, and test anxiety is not uncommon. When you recognize your teen is under stress, how can you help your teen stay calm before an exam?
Be involved. Parents need to be involved in their teen’s work. 31.________ What they look for is your presence—to talk, to cry, or simply to sit with them quietly. Communicate openly with your teen. Encourage your teen to express his/her worries and fears, but don’t let them focus on those fears.
Help them get organized. 32.________ Together, you and your teen can work out a time-table in which she can study for what she knows will be on the test.
Provide a calm setting. Help your teen set up a quiet place to study and protect his/her privacy.
Give them a nutritious diet. It’s important for your teen to eat a healthy, balanced diet during exam times to focus and do his/her best.33.________ If this happens, encourage your teen to eat light meals or sandwiches. A healthy diet, rather than junk food, is best for reducing stress.
34．________ Persuade your teenager to get some sleep or do something active when he/she needs a real break from studying. Making time for relaxation, fun, and exercise are all important in reducing stress. Help your teen balance his/her time so that he/she will feel comfortable taking time out from studying to spend time with friends or rest.
Show a positive attitude. 35.________ Your panic, anxiety and blame contribute to your teen’s pressure. Make your teen feel accepted and valued for his/her efforts. Most importantly, reassure your teen that things will be all right, no matter what the results are.
A．Encourage your teen to relax.
B．The best thing is simply to listen.
C．They will only make the situation worse.
D．A parent’s attitude will dictate their teen’s emotions.
E．Exam stress can make some teens lose their appetite.
F．Your teen may also make negative comments about themselves.
G．Help your teen think about what he/she has to study and plan accordingly.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍在考试期间，家长如何帮助孩子减轻压力。
31．B 解析：根据语境可知，父母只需要倾听孩子，故选B项。
32．G 解析：根据主题句“Help them get organized.”和本段内容可知，父母要帮助孩子了解自己必须学的内容及针对性地计划学习，故选G项。
33．E 解析：根据下一句“If this happens, encourage your teen to eat light meals or sandwiches.”可知，这里是指孩子因为考试的压力而没有食欲，故选E项。
34．A 解析：根据本段内容可知，本段讲要让孩子学会怎样放松自己以及具体的方法，故选A项。
35．D 解析：根据下一句“Your panic, anxiety and blame contribute to your teen’s pressure.”可知，父母的态度会影响孩子的情绪，故选D项。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Norman Cousins was a businessman from the United States who often traveled around the world on business. He enjoyed his __36__ and traveling.
Then, after returning to the United States from a __37__ trip to England, Mr. Cousins got sick. Because he had pushed his body to the __38__ of its strength on the trip, a change began to take place __39__ him. The material between his bones became __40__．
In less than one week after his return, he could not __41__. Every move that he __42__ was painful. He was not able to sleep at night. The doctors told him that they did not know how to cure Mr. Cousins’ problem and he might never __43__ his illness. Mr. Cousins, however, refused to give up __44__．
Mr. Cousins thought that __45__ thoughts were causing bad chemical changes in his body. He did not want to take medicine to cure himself. __46__， he felt that happy thoughts or __47__ might cure his illness.
He began to __48__ on himself while still in the hospital by watching funny shows on television. Mr. Cousins quickly found that 10 minutes of real laughter during the __49__ gave him two hours of pain-free sleep at night.
__50__ the doctors could not help him, Mr. Cousins left the hospital and checked into a hotel room where he could __51__ his experiments with laughter. For eight days, Mr. Cousins rested in the hotel room watching funny shows on television, reading funny books, and sleeping __52__ he felt tired. Within three weeks, he felt well __53__ to take a vacation to Puerto Rico where he began running on the beach for __54__．
After a few months, Mr. Cousins returned to work. He had laughed himself back to __55__．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。一位美国商人Norman Cousins需要经常去国外做商务旅行。但是有一次从英国回来后，他就病了，不能站立，甚至移动都会让他痛苦，医生说这个病不能治疗。但Norman Cousins没有因此失去希望，而是用笑声治疗自己，这种做法很有效，他在几个月之后就重返工作岗位。
36．A.time B．holiday
C．work D．sleep
C 解析：根据第一段可知，他是一个经常需要去国外做商务旅行的商人，他热爱他的工作和旅行。time时间；holiday假期；work工作；sleep睡觉。
37．A.boring B．tiring
C．dangerous D．pleasant
B 解析：从下文的“Mr. Cousins got sick.”可推知，去英国的旅行是令人疲劳的，所以他生病了。boring令人厌烦的；tiring令人疲劳的；dangerous危险的；pleasant令人愉快的。
38．A.limit B．fact
C．problem D．degree
A 解析：前面说他旅行回来就生病了，可知他在旅行中将身体的力量推到了极限，limit表示“限度”，故选A项。
39.A.from B．around
C．inside D．beside
C 解析：从下文的“The material between his bones became”可知，他的身体内部出现了问题。inside him意为“在他的体内”，故选C项。
40．A.painful B．ill
C．false D．weak
D 解析：从下文的“In less than one week after his return, he could not...Every move that he ...was painful.”可知，他的骨头间的物质变得很脆弱。painful痛苦的；ill生病的；false错误的；weak脆弱的。
41．A.speak B．breathe
C．stand D．see
C 解析：根据上文的“The material between his bones became...”以及空后的“Every move that he...was painful.”可推知，回来后，不到一个星期，他就不能站立了，每移动一下他都很痛苦。
42．A.took B．made
C．did D．gave
B 解析：他的每个动作都是很痛苦的。make a move意为“每一次移动”。took取得，拿；made进行；did做；gave给。
43．A.get over B．look over
C．turn over D．switch over
A 解析：医生告诉他不知道怎么治疗他的病，他可能永远不能恢复健康。get over克服，从疾病中恢复常态；look over仔细检查；turn over移交，翻转；switch over交换位置，变换，转换。
44．A.belief B．hope
C．diet D．lung
B 解析：根据“Mr. Cousins, however, refused to give up”可知，Mr. Cousins拒绝放弃希望。belief信仰；hope希望；diet日常饮食；lung肺。
45．A.foolish B．unusual
C．funny D．unhappy
D 解析：根据下文的“he felt that happy thoughts or ______ might cure his illness”可知，他感到快乐的思想可以治疗他的疾病，因此可以判断unhappy thoughts引起他体内坏的化学变化。foolish愚蠢的；unusual不寻常的；funny滑稽的；unhappy不快乐的。
46．A.Instead B．Moreover
C．So D．Otherwise
A 解析：他不想吃药治疗，相反地，他认为快乐的想法或笑会治愈他的病。Instead相反地；Moreover此外；So因此；Otherwise否则。
47．A.sleep B．travel
C．laughter D．television
C 解析：因为or为并列连词，与happy thoughts并列的是laughter，故选C项。
48．A.recover B．experiment
C．operate D．try
B 解析：在医院的时候，通过看电视上滑稽的节目，他开始对自己做实验。experiment为不及物动词，意思是“进行实验，做试验”，常与介词on连用。
49．A.day B．week
C．month D．year
A 解析：从at night可知，白天笑10分钟可以让他在晚上没有痛苦地睡2小时。“during the day(在白天)”与下文的“at night(在晚上)”相对应。
50．A.Promising B．Supporting
C．Hoping D．Realizing
D 解析：意识到医生不能帮助他，Cousins先生出院了。promise答应；support支持；hope希望；realize意识到，知道。
51．A.include B．begin
C．continue D．prove
C 解析：他在旅店的一个房间住下，这样他可以继续试验用笑治疗。include包括；begin开始；continue继续；prove证明。
52．A.until B．so that
C．because D．whenever
D 解析：每当他感到累了，他就会睡觉休息。until直到；so that以便；because因为；whenever无论何时。
53．A.soon B．completely
C．slowly D．enough
D 解析：他觉得身体恢复得足够好了，能够到Puerto Rico去度假。soon很快；completely完全地，彻底地；slowly慢慢地；enough足够。
54．A.exercise B．illness
C．rest D．pleasure
A 解析：根据上文的“he began running”可知，他开始在海滩跑步锻炼。exercise练习，锻炼；illness疾病；rest休息；pleasure快乐。
55．A.power B．health
C．sense D．happiness
B 解析：几个月后，Cousins先生重返工作岗位，所以他是恢复了健康。power能量，权力；health健康；sense感觉；happiness快乐。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
How should you behave when you meet someone 56.____________ the first time? An American shakes your hand 57.____________(firm) while looking you straight in the eye. In many parts of Asia, there is no physical contact at all. In Japan, you should bow, and the 58.____________(much) respect you want to show, the deeper you should bow. In Thailand, people greet each other by pressing both hands together at the chest. In both countries, eye contact 59.____________(avoid) as a sign of respect.
In Spain, lunch is often 60.____________ biggest meal of the day, and can last two or three hours. For this reason, many people eat a light breakfast and a late dinner. In Mexico, lunch is the time 61.____________(relax), and many people prefer not to discuss business as they eat. In Britain, it’s not unusual to have a business meeting over breakfast.
In most countries, an exchange of business cards 62.____________(be) necessary for all introductions. You should include your company name and your position. If you are going to a country 63.____________ your language is not widely spoken, you can get the back side of your card 64.____________(print) in the local language. In a word, when 65.____________(travel) abroad, we should follow local habits.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。在不同的国家有不同的风俗习惯，文章介绍了美国、亚洲国家、西班牙、墨西哥的一些见面礼节和餐饮习惯，提醒人们要入乡随俗。
56．for 解析：考查介词。for the first time在句中作时间状语，这是一个固定搭配，故填for。
57．firmly 解析：考查副词。本句中使用副词作状语修饰动词shakes，故填firmly。
58．more 解析：考查固定结构。这里指你想表示的尊敬越多，你就应该弯腰越深。“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”意为“越……就越……”。本句用much的比较级more与deeper呼应，故填more。
59．is avoided 解析：考查动词的语态。句中eye contact与动词avoid构成被动关系，故填is avoided。
60．the 解析：考查定冠词。在形容词的最高级前面加定冠词the，故填the。
61．to relax 解析：考查非谓语动词。句中不定式作定语修饰抽象名词time，类似的结构还有the ability to do sth.做某事的能力，故填to relax。
62．is 解析：考查主谓一致。本句主语是单数名词短语an exchange of business cards，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，故填is。
63．where 解析：考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词是表示地点的名词短语a country，定语从句结构很完整，要用关系副词where引导定语从句，故填where。
64．printed 解析：考查非谓语动词。固定结构：get sth. done让某事被做。本句中the back side of your card与动词print构成被动关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语，故填过去分词printed。
65．traveling 解析：考查非谓语动词。本句主语we与动词travel构成主动关系，用现在分词在句中作时间状语，故填traveling。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
假设你是李华。你的英国笔友杰克刚刚升入高中，但他一时无法适应新的校园生活，写信向你征求建议。请你就此问题给他回一封信，主要内容包括：
1．不必过分焦虑；
2．制订合理的学习计划；
3．多参加集体活动，结交新朋友。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：适应adjust to
Dear Jack，
I am sorry to hear that you’re having trouble________________________________
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Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear__Jack，
I__am__sorry__to__hear__that__you’re__having__trouble adjusting to your high school life. Many students have the same problem when they go to a new school, so don’t worry about it too much. I’m writing to offer you some useful advice.
First, make a good plan for your studies. I think it will help you get used to the new studying environment in a short time. Second, make some friends and take an active part in class activities. In this way you won’t feel lonely and your school life will become colourful and interesting.
I hope my suggestions will work well for you.
Yours，
Li__Hua
第二节 概要写作(满分25分)
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Sometimes people complain that getting to work in a big city is no easy matter, just like the popular saying goes, “Taking a bus is too crowded, getting a taxi is too expensive, buying a car is not practical.” It seems that traffic jams and cities go hand in hand. Everyone complains about being stuck in traffic; however, like the weather, no one seems to do anything about it. Needless to say, traffic jam occurs where there are lots of people but limited spaces. However, there are indeed some things you can do to reduce the time you spend in traffic jams.
For example, the highway is not always the fastest way to get from Point A to Point B. Research the area and check online maps to see if you can find a shorter route to work, which usually flows more smoothly during rush hour and can help reduce much of your driving time. From the above you may know that alternative route is of great importance.
Let’s take another example. Most of the population works from 8 a．m. to 5 p．m., which means that the majority of traffic jams happen around 7 a．m. and 6 p．m. So if you want to avoid a traffic jam, talk to your manager about arriving at the office earlier and leaving earlier. If some of us and companies can do like this, the conditions of heavy traffic can be changed in a way.
Finally, you can take gymnastics, dance or yoga classes after work to avoid traffic jams. Actually, there are many reasons for us to take exercise classes and go to the gym, instead of shopping and entertaining friends after work. This is a clever solution that can also help people improve their health and meet others with similar interests.
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One possible version：
People in big cities frequently meet the problem of traffic jam. (要点1)The author proposes three suggestions to help us better cope with the matter. (要点2) People ought to make use of online maps that are originally devised for finding a shortcut. (要点3) Negotiation between companies and staff concerning working time is recommended. (要点4) People are encouraged to do something beneficial like exercise to avoid the traffic jam. (要点5)
