飓风是如何形成的？该如何预防飓风？下面让我们一起了解一下吧！
Many people like the feeling of the gentle wind in spring. Many people like to see the falling leaves dancing in the wind in autumn. But sometimes, when the wind becomes a storm, it can be very destructive(毁灭性的)．
Every year, major storms cause many problems around the world. There is nothing people can do to stop these powerful forces of nature. But new techniques are helping scientists to predict(预测) how, when, and where big storms will happen. The more exact scientists’ warnings are, the better people can prepare for the storms.
Predictions are improving.“We’ve gotten better over the years, especially the last few years，”says Phil Klotzbach, a scientist at an American university.
How is a storm formed? Even if scientists know where a storm will happen, winds can suddenly change, carrying the storm to a new direction.“For a hurricane to happen, conditions have to be just right，”Klotzbach says.
First, the ocean water needs to be warm enough so that it evaporates(蒸发) and rises into the air. As it rises, the vapor cools and turns back into liquid. This process gives off heat. This produces energy like an engine that causes winds to increase. It drives the formation(形成) of a hurricane.
If wind speed reaches 40 miles per hour, the system is called “tropical storm”， and it gets a name. At 75 miles per hour, it becomes a hurricane.
The hurricane season lasts from June to November. Ninety percent of all hurricanes hit in August, September, and October.
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
重点单词
阅读词汇
(在不认识的单词前划√)
□tube n． □hurricane n.
写作词汇
1．disaster n. 灾难，灾祸
2．plus adj. (用于数字后面表示)多，余
3．occur v． 发生
拓展词汇
4．erupt v．(火山)爆发，喷发→eruption n．火山爆发；(战争等)爆发
5．immediately adv.即刻，马上→immediate adj. 立即的；即刻的
6．announcement n．通告，公告→announce vt.宣布；通告
重点短语
1．react to 对……作出反应
2．pick up 捡起，拿起
3．compared to/with 和……比起来；与……相比
4．make it to 及时赶到……
5．look through 浏览
6．after all 终究；毕竟
重点句型
now that＋原因状语从句：Now that it’s hard to avoid a disaster on Earth(既然很难在地球上避免灾难), perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space...
Read the text on Pages 62－63 and match the main idea of the paragraphs.
1．Paragraph 1 A．The author’s feeling after walking out of the Tube.
2．Paragraph 2 B．What the author finds and feels before entering the Tube.
3．Paragraph 3 C．The strange ideas of the author in the Tube.
4．Paragraph 4 D．The author’s experience inside the Tube.
5．Paragraph 5 E．The shocking news about the disaster from the newspaper.
答案：1－5.BDCEA
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer according to the text.
1．What can we learn from the text?
A．There is a volcano in London erupting now.
B．The working place will move to the top floor.
C．The author wants to sell his flat and buy a boat.
D．The temperature in London is higher than before.
2．What do we know about the Central Line in London?
A．It was built earlier than most of the other lines.
B．The air conditioning was invented early than it.
C．Going down on the stairs is hard for the passengers.
D．It was the hottest and deepest on the world’s Tube system.
3．Why does the author feel uncomfortable in the Tube?
A．Because he is wearing a suit today.
B．Because he had special food for breakfast.
C．Because he can make it to Bank Station soon.
D．Because there are many people and much hot air.
4．Why does the author feel good after walking out of the Tube?
A．Because he has been worrying too much.
B．Because he is moving to space.
C．Because he feels cooler outside.
D．Because his destination is here now.
答案：1－4.DADC
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．Sure enough, going down the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano that’s erupting.
本句是简单句。going down the stairs and onto the platform是动名词短语作主语；that’s erupting为that引导的定语从句。
[翻译] 果然，下楼梯上月台就像跳进一座正在喷发的火山。
2．Looking through my newspaper, I’m shocked by photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town.
本句为主从复合句。Looking through my newspaper为现在分词短语作时间状语；主句中showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town为现在分词短语作定语，修饰photos，其中分词短语中的that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town是宾语从句。
[翻译] 翻阅报纸的时候，我对亚洲的飓风摧毁了一个城镇的照片感到震惊。
compared with/to... 和……比起来，与……相比
(教材P62) This, however, is nothing compared to the train. 然而，与火车相比，这算不了什么。
(1)compare...with/and... 把……和……加以比较
compare...to... 把……比作……
(2)comparison n. 比较；对比
①Compared to/with your brother，you should make greater efforts to study English.
和你哥哥相比，你应该更加努力地学习英语。
②Many parents like comparing their own children with their friends’ children.
许多父母喜欢拿自己的孩子和朋友的孩子进行比较。
③As a famous saying goes，“Life is compared to a voyage.”
俗话说，“人生好比一次航行。”
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)Comparing(compare) his camera with mine，I find mine is better.
(2)Compare(compare) his camera with mine，and I find mine is better.
(3)Compared(compare) with/to his camera, I find mine is better.
make it 成功，及时赶到
(教材P62)I hope I can make it to Bank Station...I’ll avoid the feeling by thinking about work.
我希望我能及时赶到银行站……我会通过考虑工作来避开这种感觉。
make up 编造；虚构；组成，构成；和解
make up for 弥补；偿还
make use of 利用
make out 理解；弄清
make up one’s mind (to do sth.) 下决心(做某事)
①We have the dream and work hard. We will make it!
我们有梦想、肯努力。我们会成功的。
②The flight leaves in twenty minutes—we’ll never make it．
再过20分钟飞机就要起飞，我们无论如何也赶不上了。
③We don’t like him because he is always making up excuses whenever he makes mistakes.
我们都不喜欢他是因为每次他犯了错误，总能编造出借口来。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)我能听到有声音，却听不清他们在说什么。
I heard voices, but couldn’t make out what they were saying．
(2)只要你下定决心好好利用时间学习，你就会成功。
If you make up your mind to make good use of your time to study, you’ll make it．
(3)卡洛琳没有音乐天赋，但她用努力学习弥补了她的不足。
Caroline doesn’t have a gift for music, but she makes up for it with hard work.
look through 浏览；仔细检查
(教材P63)Looking through my newspaper, I’m shocked by photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town.
翻阅报纸的时候，我对亚洲的飓风摧毁了一个城镇的照片感到震惊。
get through 通过(考试等)；接通电话；完成；用完
go through 获准，经过程序；通过；经历；详细检查
break through 冲破，突破
live through 经历
①Would you please look through the paper for me and see if there are any mistakes？ 你可以帮我浏览一下这篇论文，看看里面是否有一些错误吗？
②I must look through these bills and check them before I pay them.
我必须在付款前查看并核对一下这些账单。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)科学家们希望不久在研究癌症治愈方法方面会有突破。
The scientists hope to break through soon in the research for a cure for cancer.
(2)和我爱的人在一起，我可以和他一起渡过生活中的一切难关。
With someone I love I can go through all the hardships of life together.
occur v．发生，出现；想起
(教材P63)Experts say this bad weather has occurred due to climate change.
专家说这种坏天气是由于气候变化造成的。
sth. occurs to sb. 某事浮现在某人的脑海中；某人想到……
It occurs to sb.that.../to do sth. 某人突然想起……
①Flu often occurs in winter and spring.
流感经常发生在冬季和春季。
②(陕西卷)Ralph W．Emerson would always set down new ideas that occurred to him.
拉尔夫W·爱默生总是把他突然想到的新想法记下来。
③It never occurred to her to ask(ask) for anyone when she was in trouble.
当她遇到困难时从未想到求助他人。
表示“某人想到……”还可以用下列句式：
It strikes/hits sb.that...
sth. strikes sb.
sth. comes to sb.
sb.hit on/upon sth.
announcement n．通告，公告
(教材P63)“The next station is Bank！”comes the announcement.
“下一站是银行站！”广播通知说。
(1)make an announcement 宣布
(2)announce vt. 宣布；通告，预示
announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣告某事
It is announced that... 据宣布……
(3)announcer n. 播音员；广播员
①I read the announcement of the summer camp that you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in it.
阅读了你们在网上公布的夏令营布告，对此我很感兴趣。
②It is wise to announce the news to the public.
把这则消息告知公众是明智的。
③It is announced that there’ll be a celebration on National Day. 据宣布国庆节要举行庆祝会。
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
The announcer made an announcement that all the details should be announced through the broadcast.(announce)
now that＋原因状语从句
(教材P63)Now that it’s hard to avoid a disaster on Earth, perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space...
既然很难在地球上避免灾难，也许我应该开始考虑搬到太空去……
句中now that 用作连词，引导原因状语从句，口语中that可省略，相当于since, 强调人们已知的事实。because比now that/since表示的原因更直接。
①(牛津词典)Now (that) you’ve passed your test you can drive on your own.
既然你已经通过驾驶考试，你可以独自开车了。
②Now that you have got everything ready, we can get started.
既然你把所有事情都准备好了，我们可以开始了。
表示“原因”的其他短语：due to/owing to/on account of 由于，因为；because of因为(在句中作状语或表语)；thanks to 由于，多亏(在句中作状语)。
品句填词
1．An unexpected storm occurred(发生) when we were enjoying the pleasant voyage at the Yellow Sea.
2．One million and five hundred thousand people died in natural disasters(灾害) between 2016 and 2019.
3．Heat the glass tube(管子) to the point that it can bend.
4．The little boy knows that five plus(加) five equals ten.
5．It’s many years since Mount Vesuvius’ last eruption(爆发)．
6．Whenever you have a practical plan，just carry it out immediately(立刻)．
7．Attention please, everyone.I have an announcement(通告) to make.
8．We’ ve just heard a warning on the radio that a hurricane(飓风) is likely to come.
完成句子
1．既然你们忙得够呛，我们就不再麻烦你们了。
Now that/Since you are busy enough we won’t trouble you any more.
2．与整个地球的大小相比，最高的山似乎一点也不高。
Compared to/with the size of the whole earth，the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
3．我想如果你遵循下面的建议，你就能成功。
I think you can make it if you follow the advice below.
4．同学们对班主任的提议有何反应？
How did the students react to the head teacher’s suggestion?
5．他捡起汤姆的书包，然后快速跑开了。
He picked up the bag belonging to Tom and ran away quickly.
课文语法填空
Today, the temperature of London 1.is expected(expect) to reach 30 plus degrees! You may find the articles 2.with the same title“Hot！Hot！Hot！”in the newspapers. The Central Line is one of the oldest 3.lines(line) and one of the deepest.Going down the stairs and onto the platform makes you hard to breathe and it is nothing，4.compared(compare) to the train.Some of the passengers in it feel 5.a bit sick and they hope they can make 6.it to their destination soon. Each summer in London definitely seems 7.hotter(hot) than the last. Perhaps it is time 8.to start(start) planning for the future. 9.Fortunately(fortunate), if you step out of the station, you 10.will feel(feel) a fresh wind on your face.
单句语法填空
1．Now that you have finished your work，you’d better have a rest.
2．Compared(compare) with his brother, he was easier to get along with.
3．(山东卷) As long as you have a dream, keep trying and you’ll make it．
4．As I looked through the newspapers，I found some useful information on how to apply for a good job.
5．Suddenly a good idea occurred(occur) to me, but I couldn’t find any paper to write on.
6．The fresh flowers and green trees announced(announcement) that spring was here.
7．I don’t know how Mrs. White will react to the news that her son has won the first place in the writing competition.
8．Mr. Green picked up some French when he was away on a business trip last year.
9．If you want to catch the last train, you’d better set off for the station immediately(immediate)．
10．An earthquake, which may cause great damage, is one of the most common natural disasters(disaster)．
完成句子
1．既然你有机会，就该充分利用。
Now that you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.
2．我正要进餐厅时，突然想到我没有锁车。
I was about to go into the restaurant when it occurred to me that I had not locked the car.
3．真遗憾，汤姆不能来参加这次聚会了。
It is a shame that Tom can’t make it to the party．
4．浏览一下杂志，看看有没有你能贴到海报上的图片。
Look through magazines to find pictures that you can stick on your poster.
5．和我们的小公寓相比，比尔的房子就像是宫殿。
Compared with/to our small flat，Bill’s house seemed like a palace.
阅读理解
A
Cities are likely to be affected by overheating, thanks to something called the urban heat island effect. Cities tend to be short of trees, which provide shade, and they are covered with black pavement, which absorbs heat from the sun. Think of how it feels to wear a dark shirt versus a white shirt on a sunny day. A black shirt absorbs light, heating you up. But a white shirt reflects light, keeping you cool.
The average temperature in a city of a million or more people can be more than 5 degrees F hotter than surrounding areas. That extra 5 degrees can turn a hot day from uncomfortable to deadly. As temperatures rise, cities will be an especially dangerous place to be during a heat wave. To protect public health, city officials are going to make the city cooler.
As part of that effort, Los Angeles is coating its roads in CoolSeal, a gray paint that keeps streets and parking lots 10 degrees cooler than black asphalt(沥青). It will help Angelinos save money during the summer, when air conditioning sends power bills soaring. And it will save lives by lowering temperatures and improving air quality. Hot weather worsens air pollution by turning car exhaust into smog, which can make life miserable for people with asthma(哮喘) and other breathing problems.
Of course, LA will have to do more than paint over a few streets to cool off the city. Angelinos will also need to plant more trees and apply white paint to rooftops—at least those not already covered in solar panels. While LA is a pioneer of reflective streets, other cities, like New York, are already experimenting with reflective roofs or, like Melbourne, lowering the temperature by planting trees. LA is hardly alone in its effort to stay cool.
“This is an urgent challenge, and it’s much bigger than one person，”said Mayor Garcetti in a recent statement. “Climate change is a fact of life that people in Los Angeles and cities around the world live with every day.”
【解题导语】 文章主要提出了热岛效应这个概念，然后说明热岛效应带来的危害。
1．Which of the following contributes to the urban heat island effect?
A．Planting more trees in the streets.
B．Covering the streets with white paint.
C．Applying reflective paint on rooftops.
D．Furnishing every house with air conditioners.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段的内容以及倒数第二段第二句 Angelinos will also need to plant more trees and apply white paint to rooftops 可知，多植树，把道路刷成白色，以及给屋顶粉刷具有反射性的颜料，这些都是缓解热岛效应的措施，因此A、B和C项均不符合题意。D项意为“给每座房子装空调”，会加重热岛效应， 符合题意。
2．What should the city officials emphasize during hot summer?
A．How to make the city cooler.
B．Where to wear a white shirt.
C．Why coat the roads with black paint.
D．When to cut off the electricity supply.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容可知，热岛效应导致市区的温度比郊区高五度，而这会给人们的健康带来致命的危险，因此政府人员在炎热夏季的主要任务就是让城市的温度降下来，因此A项符合题意。
3．What benefit can people gain from the use of CoolSeal?
A．Increasing the indoor activities.
B．Promoting the sale of air conditioners.
C．Making life easier and more comfortable.
D．Reducing the number of cold days.
C 解析：根据文章第三段第一句 As part of that effort, Los Angeles is coating its roads in CoolSeal, a gray paint that keeps streets and parking lots 10 degrees cooler than black asphalt(沥青)．和第三句 And it will save lives by lowering temperatures and improving air quality. 可知， 把洛杉矶的马路涂上一层冷却面，即一种灰色的油漆， 可以降低温度并改善空气质量，从而使人们的生活更加轻松舒适。故选C。
4．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．LA adopted many approaches to fight against the heat.
B．LA calls on people to fight against global warming.
C．More and more countries begin to plant trees in the streets.
D．LA is painting its streets white to keep the city cool.
D 解析：主旨大意题。文章主要提出了热岛效应这个概念，然后说明热岛效应带来的危害，最后也是文章的中心内容，介绍了洛杉矶为了给城市降温而采取的措施——把街道刷成白色，因此D项符合题意。
B
“The world should help Africa invest(投资) in the health and education of Africa’s younger generation to help fight poverty，” said Bill Gates, whose foundation released its annual report on Tuesday. The report measured progress towards achieving UN poverty-reducing goals in 2030. The report tracks 18 data points on UN development goals, including child deaths, HIV, extreme poverty, and so on.
“While the poverty rate is decreasing globally, the fast population growth in Africa could delay that progress. Therefore, it could even rise，” the report warns. “If those investments were made properly, young Africans will help develop the economy and the population growth will fall, as has been the case in other countries，” said the report.
The report showed that by 2050, over 40% of extremely poor people in the world will live in just two countries: Congo and Nigeria. “The challenge of population growth in Africa leads to a simple idea that the world should help Africa invest in the health and the education of this young generation in Africa，” Gates told journalists. Asked how to meet the growing population and poverty challenge, Gates said improving access to birth control was the key.
In its family planning section, the report called on policymakers to enable women to have the right to choose the number of children they have, and when they have them. According to UN data, Africa will account for over half of the world’s population growth by 2050. Yet if every woman in Africa could decide the number of their children, the population increase could be 30% smaller. This would also enable more girls and women to stay in school longer, get married and have children later. Smaller families tend to be healthier and more productive.
The report also mentioned great progress from Brazil on nutrition, Indonesia for family planning and Vietnam for the quality of education.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了盖茨基金会发布的一份关于帮助投资非洲年轻一代的健康和教育，以消除非洲贫困的报告。
5．The purpose of releasing the report is to ________．
A．tell us about UN poverty-reducing goals
B．call on the world to help Africa fight poverty
C．introduce ways to develop the economy worldwide
D．state the progress made in health and education last year
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的“The world should help Africa invest(投资) in the...fight poverty，” said Bill Gates, whose foundation released its annual report on Tuesday.可知，盖茨基金会发布这份报告主要是为了号召全球一起帮助非洲摆脱贫困。
6．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The poverty rate.
B．The population of Africa.
C．The income of Africans.
D．The progress of education.
A 解析：代词指代题。根据第二段的While the poverty rate is decreasing globally, the fast population growth in Africa could delay that progress...could even rise可知，虽然世界范围内的贫困率正在逐渐降低，但是非洲人口的快速增长可能会推迟这一进展。因此，贫困率可能会再次上升。
7．What does Bill Gates think is an effective way to fight poverty in Africa?
A．Controlling the population birth rate.
B．Allowing girls to be educated in school longer.
C．Giving young people more chances to study abroad.
D．Encouraging young people to make more investments.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的Asked how to meet the growing population and poverty challenge, Gates said improving access to birth control was the key. 可知，比尔·盖茨认为消除贫困最关键的是要控制人口出生率。
完形填空
A little boy was learning to play the piano in a musical school.One day，Paderewski，who was a very famous pianist in Poland，was holding a piano concert in his city.Wishing to encourage her young son’s 1 on the piano，his mother took the boy to the Paderewski concert.After they were seated，the mother 2 a friend in the audience，who she hadn’t met for a long time.So she walked down the aisle (过道) to 3 her.The mother and her friend stood chatting happily for a while before the 4 ．Seizing the opportunity，the little boy rose and eventually made his way through a door 5 “No Admittance” to explore the wonders of the concert hall.
When the house lights became 6 and the concert was about to begin，the mother returned to her 7 .And she discovered that her child was 8 . She looked around，but her son was nowhere to be seen.Suddenly，the 9 parted and spotlights focused on the impressive piano on the stage.To her horror，the mother saw her little boy sitting at the 10 ，innocently playing Twinkle，Twinkle Little Star on the piano.
At that moment，the great piano master made his entrance.He 11 moved to the piano in a hurry，and 12 in the boy’s ear，“Don’t 13 ．Keep playing.”Then leaning over，Paderewski reached down with his left hand and began filling in a bass (低音的) part.Soon his right arm reached around to the other side of the child and he added a running obbligato (助奏)．Together，the old master and the young beginner transformed a frightening situation into a(n) 14 experience.
The audience had never seen such a performance form.They listened curiously and attentively， 15 in the wonderful music world.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。波兰著名钢琴家Paderewski在一次演奏会上突遇意外事件，但他沉着应对，巧妙化解了困境，并把它扭转成一次令人耳目一新的新奇体验。
1．A.progress B．curiosity
C．talent D．interest
A 解析：为了鼓励她儿子在钢琴上取得进步，她决定带儿子去听这个音乐会。progress“进步”，符合语境。
2．A.called B．spotted
C．made D．treated
B 解析：spot在此用作动词，意为“看出，认出”。
3．A.congratulate B．welcome
C．greet D．help
C 解析：根据常识判断，在剧院遇到朋友，她过去与她的朋友打招呼。greet“问候，招呼”，符合语境。
4．A.class B．lecture
C．meeting D．performance
D 解析：在演出开始之前，这位母亲站在那里与朋友开心地聊了一会儿。performance意为“表演，演奏”，符合语境。
5．A.decorated B．equipped
C．packed D．marked
D 解析：这个小男孩最后竟然摸进了一扇上面写着“不得入内”的门里。mark“在……上做记号”，符合语境。
6．A.dim B．bright
C．shiny D．colorful
A 解析：根据常识及所在句的内容可知，表演快开始时灯光暗下来。dim“昏暗的”，符合语境。
7．A.home B．table
C．seat D．piano
C 解析：前面提到她离开座位去与朋友打招呼，现在演出快开始了，她应是回到了座位上。故选C项。
8．A.missing B．sick
C．afraid D．asleep
A 解析：后面一句“She looked around，but her son was nowhere to be seen.”是线索提示，她的儿子不见了。故选A项。
9．A.friends B．door
C．stage D．curtain
D 解析：根据常识判断是幕布拉开了。故选D项。
10．A.floor B．keyboard
C．spotlight D．entrance
B 解析：这个男孩正在弹琴，故可判断他坐在键盘边上。keyboard在文中意为“(乐器的)键盘”。
11．A.quickly B．angrily
C．slowly D．sadly
A 解析：此处强调动作快，故选A。
12．A.shouted B．cried
C．talked D．whispered
D 解析：后面的“in the boy’s ear”暗示钢琴家在男孩的耳边小声说话，故选D。whisper“悄声说，低语”。
13．A.wait B．quit
C．speak D．play
B 解析：后面的“Keep playing”表明钢琴家要他继续弹下去，不要停下来。quit“停止”，符合语境。
14．A.creative B．attractive
C．embarrassing D．puzzling
A 解析：这种演奏法以前从未有过，是一种创作体验。creative“创造(性)的”，符合语境。
15．A.engaged B．caught
C．involved D．lost
D 解析：此处表示沉醉在这美好的音乐世界之中，lost“全神贯注的”，符合语境。
课件41张PPT。Unit 6 Disaster and hopeUnit 6 Disaster and hopeUnit 6 Disaster and hopeUnit 6 Disaster and hopeUnit 6 Disaster and hopeUnit 6 Disaster and hopedisasterplusoccureruptimmediatelyannouncementreact topick upcompared to/withmake it tolook throughafter allNow that it’s hard to avoid a disasteron Earth主定语时间状语现在分词短语宾语withtoComparingCompareCompareditupmake out what they were sayingmake up your mindmake good use ofmake itmakes up forthroughto break throughgo through all the hardshipstoto asktoIt is announced thatannouncerannouncementbe announcedNow that按ESC键退出全屏播放本部分内容讲解结束
品句填词
1．An unexpected storm occurred(发生) when we were enjoying the pleasant voyage at the Yellow Sea.
2．One million and five hundred thousand people died in natural disasters(灾害) between 2016 and 2019.
3．Heat the glass tube(管子) to the point that it can bend.
4．The little boy knows that five plus(加) five equals ten.
5．It’s many years since Mount Vesuvius’ last eruption(爆发)．
6．Whenever you have a practical plan，just carry it out immediately(立刻)．
7．Attention please, everyone.I have an announcement(通告) to make.
8．We’ ve just heard a warning on the radio that a hurricane(飓风) is likely to come.
完成句子
1．既然你们忙得够呛，我们就不再麻烦你们了。
Now that/Since you are busy enough we won’t trouble you any more.
2．与整个地球的大小相比，最高的山似乎一点也不高。
Compared to/with the size of the whole earth，the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
3．我想如果你遵循下面的建议，你就能成功。
I think you can make it if you follow the advice below.
4．同学们对班主任的提议有何反应？
How did the students react to the head teacher’s suggestion?
5．他捡起汤姆的书包，然后快速跑开了。
He picked up the bag belonging to Tom and ran away quickly.
课文语法填空
Today, the temperature of London 1.is expected(expect) to reach 30 plus degrees! You may find the articles 2.with the same title“Hot！Hot！Hot！”in the newspapers. The Central Line is one of the oldest 3.lines(line) and one of the deepest.Going down the stairs and onto the platform makes you hard to breathe and it is nothing，4.compared(compare) to the train.Some of the passengers in it feel 5.a bit sick and they hope they can make 6.it to their destination soon. Each summer in London definitely seems 7.hotter(hot) than the last. Perhaps it is time 8.to start(start) planning for the future. 9.Fortunately(fortunate), if you step out of the station, you 10.will feel(feel) a fresh wind on your face.
单句语法填空
1．Now that you have finished your work，you’d better have a rest.
2．Compared(compare) with his brother, he was easier to get along with.
3．(山东卷) As long as you have a dream, keep trying and you’ll make it．
4．As I looked through the newspapers，I found some useful information on how to apply for a good job.
5．Suddenly a good idea occurred(occur) to me, but I couldn’t find any paper to write on.
6．The fresh flowers and green trees announced(announcement) that spring was here.
7．I don’t know how Mrs. White will react to the news that her son has won the first place in the writing competition.
8．Mr. Green picked up some French when he was away on a business trip last year.
9．If you want to catch the last train, you’d better set off for the station immediately(immediate)．
10．An earthquake, which may cause great damage, is one of the most common natural disasters(disaster)．
完成句子
1．既然你有机会，就该充分利用。
Now that you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.
2．我正要进餐厅时，突然想到我没有锁车。
I was about to go into the restaurant when it occurred to me that I had not locked the car.
3．真遗憾，汤姆不能来参加这次聚会了。
It is a shame that Tom can’t make it to the party．
4．浏览一下杂志，看看有没有你能贴到海报上的图片。
Look through magazines to find pictures that you can stick on your poster.
5．和我们的小公寓相比，比尔的房子就像是宫殿。
Compared with/to our small flat，Bill’s house seemed like a palace.
阅读理解
A
Cities are likely to be affected by overheating, thanks to something called the urban heat island effect. Cities tend to be short of trees, which provide shade, and they are covered with black pavement, which absorbs heat from the sun. Think of how it feels to wear a dark shirt versus a white shirt on a sunny day. A black shirt absorbs light, heating you up. But a white shirt reflects light, keeping you cool.
The average temperature in a city of a million or more people can be more than 5 degrees F hotter than surrounding areas. That extra 5 degrees can turn a hot day from uncomfortable to deadly. As temperatures rise, cities will be an especially dangerous place to be during a heat wave. To protect public health, city officials are going to make the city cooler.
As part of that effort, Los Angeles is coating its roads in CoolSeal, a gray paint that keeps streets and parking lots 10 degrees cooler than black asphalt(沥青). It will help Angelinos save money during the summer, when air conditioning sends power bills soaring. And it will save lives by lowering temperatures and improving air quality. Hot weather worsens air pollution by turning car exhaust into smog, which can make life miserable for people with asthma(哮喘) and other breathing problems.
Of course, LA will have to do more than paint over a few streets to cool off the city. Angelinos will also need to plant more trees and apply white paint to rooftops—at least those not already covered in solar panels. While LA is a pioneer of reflective streets, other cities, like New York, are already experimenting with reflective roofs or, like Melbourne, lowering the temperature by planting trees. LA is hardly alone in its effort to stay cool.
“This is an urgent challenge, and it’s much bigger than one person，”said Mayor Garcetti in a recent statement. “Climate change is a fact of life that people in Los Angeles and cities around the world live with every day.”
【解题导语】 文章主要提出了热岛效应这个概念，然后说明热岛效应带来的危害。
1．Which of the following contributes to the urban heat island effect?
A．Planting more trees in the streets.
B．Covering the streets with white paint.
C．Applying reflective paint on rooftops.
D．Furnishing every house with air conditioners.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段的内容以及倒数第二段第二句 Angelinos will also need to plant more trees and apply white paint to rooftops 可知，多植树，把道路刷成白色，以及给屋顶粉刷具有反射性的颜料，这些都是缓解热岛效应的措施，因此A、B和C项均不符合题意。D项意为“给每座房子装空调”，会加重热岛效应， 符合题意。
2．What should the city officials emphasize during hot summer?
A．How to make the city cooler.
B．Where to wear a white shirt.
C．Why coat the roads with black paint.
D．When to cut off the electricity supply.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容可知，热岛效应导致市区的温度比郊区高五度，而这会给人们的健康带来致命的危险，因此政府人员在炎热夏季的主要任务就是让城市的温度降下来，因此A项符合题意。
3．What benefit can people gain from the use of CoolSeal?
A．Increasing the indoor activities.
B．Promoting the sale of air conditioners.
C．Making life easier and more comfortable.
D．Reducing the number of cold days.
C 解析：根据文章第三段第一句 As part of that effort, Los Angeles is coating its roads in CoolSeal, a gray paint that keeps streets and parking lots 10 degrees cooler than black asphalt(沥青)．和第三句 And it will save lives by lowering temperatures and improving air quality. 可知， 把洛杉矶的马路涂上一层冷却面，即一种灰色的油漆， 可以降低温度并改善空气质量，从而使人们的生活更加轻松舒适。故选C。
4．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．LA adopted many approaches to fight against the heat.
B．LA calls on people to fight against global warming.
C．More and more countries begin to plant trees in the streets.
D．LA is painting its streets white to keep the city cool.
D 解析：主旨大意题。文章主要提出了热岛效应这个概念，然后说明热岛效应带来的危害，最后也是文章的中心内容，介绍了洛杉矶为了给城市降温而采取的措施——把街道刷成白色，因此D项符合题意。
B
“The world should help Africa invest(投资) in the health and education of Africa’s younger generation to help fight poverty，” said Bill Gates, whose foundation released its annual report on Tuesday. The report measured progress towards achieving UN poverty-reducing goals in 2030. The report tracks 18 data points on UN development goals, including child deaths, HIV, extreme poverty, and so on.
“While the poverty rate is decreasing globally, the fast population growth in Africa could delay that progress. Therefore, it could even rise，” the report warns. “If those investments were made properly, young Africans will help develop the economy and the population growth will fall, as has been the case in other countries，” said the report.
The report showed that by 2050, over 40% of extremely poor people in the world will live in just two countries: Congo and Nigeria. “The challenge of population growth in Africa leads to a simple idea that the world should help Africa invest in the health and the education of this young generation in Africa，” Gates told journalists. Asked how to meet the growing population and poverty challenge, Gates said improving access to birth control was the key.
In its family planning section, the report called on policymakers to enable women to have the right to choose the number of children they have, and when they have them. According to UN data, Africa will account for over half of the world’s population growth by 2050. Yet if every woman in Africa could decide the number of their children, the population increase could be 30% smaller. This would also enable more girls and women to stay in school longer, get married and have children later. Smaller families tend to be healthier and more productive.
The report also mentioned great progress from Brazil on nutrition, Indonesia for family planning and Vietnam for the quality of education.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了盖茨基金会发布的一份关于帮助投资非洲年轻一代的健康和教育，以消除非洲贫困的报告。
5．The purpose of releasing the report is to ________．
A．tell us about UN poverty-reducing goals
B．call on the world to help Africa fight poverty
C．introduce ways to develop the economy worldwide
D．state the progress made in health and education last year
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的“The world should help Africa invest(投资) in the...fight poverty，” said Bill Gates, whose foundation released its annual report on Tuesday.可知，盖茨基金会发布这份报告主要是为了号召全球一起帮助非洲摆脱贫困。
6．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The poverty rate.
B．The population of Africa.
C．The income of Africans.
D．The progress of education.
A 解析：代词指代题。根据第二段的While the poverty rate is decreasing globally, the fast population growth in Africa could delay that progress...could even rise可知，虽然世界范围内的贫困率正在逐渐降低，但是非洲人口的快速增长可能会推迟这一进展。因此，贫困率可能会再次上升。
7．What does Bill Gates think is an effective way to fight poverty in Africa?
A．Controlling the population birth rate.
B．Allowing girls to be educated in school longer.
C．Giving young people more chances to study abroad.
D．Encouraging young people to make more investments.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的Asked how to meet the growing population and poverty challenge, Gates said improving access to birth control was the key. 可知，比尔·盖茨认为消除贫困最关键的是要控制人口出生率。
完形填空
A little boy was learning to play the piano in a musical school.One day，Paderewski，who was a very famous pianist in Poland，was holding a piano concert in his city.Wishing to encourage her young son’s 1 on the piano，his mother took the boy to the Paderewski concert.After they were seated，the mother 2 a friend in the audience，who she hadn’t met for a long time.So she walked down the aisle (过道) to 3 her.The mother and her friend stood chatting happily for a while before the 4 ．Seizing the opportunity，the little boy rose and eventually made his way through a door 5 “No Admittance” to explore the wonders of the concert hall.
When the house lights became 6 and the concert was about to begin，the mother returned to her 7 .And she discovered that her child was 8 . She looked around，but her son was nowhere to be seen.Suddenly，the 9 parted and spotlights focused on the impressive piano on the stage.To her horror，the mother saw her little boy sitting at the 10 ，innocently playing Twinkle，Twinkle Little Star on the piano.
At that moment，the great piano master made his entrance.He 11 moved to the piano in a hurry，and 12 in the boy’s ear，“Don’t 13 ．Keep playing.”Then leaning over，Paderewski reached down with his left hand and began filling in a bass (低音的) part.Soon his right arm reached around to the other side of the child and he added a running obbligato (助奏)．Together，the old master and the young beginner transformed a frightening situation into a(n) 14 experience.
The audience had never seen such a performance form.They listened curiously and attentively， 15 in the wonderful music world.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。波兰著名钢琴家Paderewski在一次演奏会上突遇意外事件，但他沉着应对，巧妙化解了困境，并把它扭转成一次令人耳目一新的新奇体验。
1．A.progress B．curiosity
C．talent D．interest
A 解析：为了鼓励她儿子在钢琴上取得进步，她决定带儿子去听这个音乐会。progress“进步”，符合语境。
2．A.called B．spotted
C．made D．treated
B 解析：spot在此用作动词，意为“看出，认出”。
3．A.congratulate B．welcome
C．greet D．help
C 解析：根据常识判断，在剧院遇到朋友，她过去与她的朋友打招呼。greet“问候，招呼”，符合语境。
4．A.class B．lecture
C．meeting D．performance
D 解析：在演出开始之前，这位母亲站在那里与朋友开心地聊了一会儿。performance意为“表演，演奏”，符合语境。
5．A.decorated B．equipped
C．packed D．marked
D 解析：这个小男孩最后竟然摸进了一扇上面写着“不得入内”的门里。mark“在……上做记号”，符合语境。
6．A.dim B．bright
C．shiny D．colorful
A 解析：根据常识及所在句的内容可知，表演快开始时灯光暗下来。dim“昏暗的”，符合语境。
7．A.home B．table
C．seat D．piano
C 解析：前面提到她离开座位去与朋友打招呼，现在演出快开始了，她应是回到了座位上。故选C项。
8．A.missing B．sick
C．afraid D．asleep
A 解析：后面一句“She looked around，but her son was nowhere to be seen.”是线索提示，她的儿子不见了。故选A项。
9．A.friends B．door
C．stage D．curtain
D 解析：根据常识判断是幕布拉开了。故选D项。
10．A.floor B．keyboard
C．spotlight D．entrance
B 解析：这个男孩正在弹琴，故可判断他坐在键盘边上。keyboard在文中意为“(乐器的)键盘”。
11．A.quickly B．angrily
C．slowly D．sadly
A 解析：此处强调动作快，故选A。
12．A.shouted B．cried
C．talked D．whispered
D 解析：后面的“in the boy’s ear”暗示钢琴家在男孩的耳边小声说话，故选D。whisper“悄声说，低语”。
13．A.wait B．quit
C．speak D．play
B 解析：后面的“Keep playing”表明钢琴家要他继续弹下去，不要停下来。quit“停止”，符合语境。
14．A.creative B．attractive
C．embarrassing D．puzzling
A 解析：这种演奏法以前从未有过，是一种创作体验。creative“创造(性)的”，符合语境。
15．A.engaged B．caught
C．involved D．lost
D 解析：此处表示沉醉在这美好的音乐世界之中，lost“全神贯注的”，符合语境。
Section Ⅱ Integrating skills & Developing ideas
重点单词
阅读词汇
(在不认识的单词前划√)
□grab v． □emergency n． □typhoon n． □exceptionally adv. □satellite n． □lap n. □mosquito n. □property n. □sufficient adj. □ shelter n.
写作词汇
1.forecast v. 预测，预报
2．rescue v. 营救，解救
3．claim v. (战争、事故等)夺去(生命)
4．crisis n. 危机
5.billion num. 十亿
6．nowhere adv. 什么地方都不，无处
7．midnight n. 子夜，午夜
8．county n. (美国等国家的)县；(英国的)郡
拓展词汇
9.reliable adj. 可信赖的，可靠的→rely vt.依赖；信赖
10．threaten v. 威胁到，危及→threat n．威胁，可能会带来危险的人(事)
11.precisely adv. 精确地，准确地→precise adj.准确的；确切的；精确的
重点短语
1.consist of 由……组成
2．result in/lead to 导致
3．all of a sudden 突然
4．turn into 变成
5.up and down 来来回回，上上下下
6．in the open air 在户外，在室外
7．keep on (doing sth.) 继续(做某事)
8．have yet to 还没有
重点句型
1.on doing sth.：On hearing the news(一听到这个消息), China was quick to start organising emergency aid.
2．consider＋宾语＋(to be) adj./n.：Even today, it is considered one of Europe’s most deadly forest fires(被认为是欧洲最致命的森林火灾之一)．
3．主语＋be done to do sth.
a．The shock is generally agreed to have had(普遍被认为) a magnitude of 9.5.
b．It was said to be (据说是) the worst in 60 years, and not a single drop of rain fell for almost a whole year.
4．was/were doing...when：I was sitting in my room(正坐在我房间里) with my cat, Smartie, on my lap, when(就在这时) the roof just flew off.
5．the moment＋时间状语从句：He had disappeared the moment the storm hit(暴风雨来临时)．
6．让步状语从句：Mom said that whatever happens(无论发生什么事), we should always try to see the good side of things.
7．独立主格：Now we have another chance to look up at the stars of New Orleans, their beauty inspiring us and giving us confidence to move on(它们的美丽鼓舞着我们，给了我们前进的信心).
Read the text on Pages 68－69 and choose the best answer.
1．What is the text mainly about?
A．The cat’s being lost and found in the terrible storm.
B．The author’s experience and optimistic attitude in the storm.
C．The stars looking more beautiful and attractive after the storm.
D. The author’s habit of watching the stars after the storm.
2．What do we learn about the author’s family?
A．The author’s cat and the roof were blown away.
B．Mom was successful to run out of the room.
C．They went out by boat on the “street river”．
D．It became unsafe for them to stay at home.
3．What matters for the whole family in Mom’s eyes?
A．Staying together and being safe.
B．Watching the stars with no lights.
C．Staying away from home for a few days.
D．Having clothes on their backs.
答案：1－3.BDA
rescue v．营救，解救
(教材P65)CHINA’S RESCUE EFFORTS IN NEPAL
中国在尼泊尔的救援行动
come to/go to sb.’s rescue＝rescue sb. 援救某人
rescue...from... 把……从……营救出来
①At midnight we finally rescued the tourists who were trapped in the valley.
午夜时，我们终于救出了被困在山谷中的游客。
②When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers came to our rescue.
当我们被困在废墟中时，士兵们赶来救援。
③The firefighters rescued five children from the burning house yesterday.
昨天，消防人员把5个孩子从失火的房子中解救出来。
[巧学活用]——词汇升级
(普通表达)He died trying to save his children from the burning building yesterday.
(高级表达) He died trying to come to his children’s rescue from the burning building yesterday.
consist of 由……组成
(教材P65)Consisting of 62 people, it not only included rescuers and medical staff, but also included earthquake experts.
它由62人组成，不仅包括救援人员和医务人员，还包括地震专家。
(1)consist in 主要在于；存在于
consist with 和……一致；并存；相符
(2)be made up of 由……组成
①As we all know，life consists of not only sunshine but also hard times.
众所周知，生活中不仅有阳光，还有艰难困苦的时候。
②Five people make up the team；in other words，the team consists of/is made up of five people.
五个人组成了这个团队。换句话说，这个团队是由五个人组成的。
③As far as I know, he is a man whose actions do not consist with his promises.
据我所知，他是一个行为与承诺不一致的人。
consist of为及物动词短语但是没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
由5位医生和7名护士组成的救援队已被派往灾区。
(1)The rescue team consisting of/made up of five doctors and seven nurses has been sent to disaster areas.(分词作定语)
(2)The rescue team which consists of/which is made up of five doctors and seven nurses has been sent to disaster areas.(定语从句)
claim v．(战争、事故等)夺去(生命)；声称；主张；索赔 n．要求；主张，声称
(教材P66)Caused by exceptionally heavy snowfall within a short period of time, they destroyed buildings and forests, and claimed over 256 lives.
由于短时间内的特大降雪，它们摧毁了建筑物和森林，夺去了超过256人的生命。
(1)claim to do sth. 声称/主张做某事
claim to have done sth. 声称做过某事
claim that... 声称……
(2)It is claimed that... 有人主张……；据说……
①So far nobody has claimed the money discovered in the library.
迄今为止，还没有人来认领在图书馆捡到的那些钱。
②He claimed that he could finish the work without any help.
他声称不需要任何帮助就可以完成这项工作。
③Doctors claimed to have discovered(discover) a cure for the disease.
医生声称已经找到了治疗该疾病的方法。
④It is claimed(claim) that humor not only affects patients’ moods, but also helps them recover faster.
据说幽默不仅影响病人的情绪，而且还有助于病人快速康复。
keep on (doing sth.) 继续(做某事)
(教材P69)But as Mom kept on reminding us, we were all together and safe.
但妈妈一直提醒我们，我们都在一起，很安全。
keep up with 跟上……；与……保持同步
keep up 坚持；维持；保留/沿袭(风俗、传统等)
keep away from 不靠近/远离……
keep off 不靠近；远离；勿踩；勿踏
keep/bear...in mind 记住……
①Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.
即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续变暖。
②In order to keep up with his classmates, he keeps on working(work) hard.
为了跟上同学，他一直在努力学习。
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)Keep up, and you will succeed sooner or later!
(2)Keep/Bear in mind that nothing can take the place of your parents’ love.
(3)Nobody can entirely keep away from this competitive society.
(4)There stands a post, reading “Keep off the grass！”
the moment＋时间状语从句
(教材P69)He had disappeared the moment the storm hit.
一出现暴风雨他就消失了。
句中the moment相当于连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。
表示“一……就……”的结构有：
(1)as soon as＋时间状语从句
(2)immediately/instantly/directly＋时间状语从句
(3)the second/instant/minute＋时间状语从句
(4)hardly＋主句(过去完成时)＋when＋从句(一般过去时)
(5)no sooner＋主句(过去完成时)＋than＋从句(一般过去时)
(6)on/upon doing/n.①The moment I picked up the receiver, I realized that somebody had dialed the wrong number.
我一拿起听筒就知道是有人打错电话了。
②The instant I see him I will tell him the good news that he has been admitted into the key university.
我一见到他就告诉他他已被重点大学录取的好消息。
③The boy burst into tears immediately(immediate) he saw his mother. 这个小男孩一看到妈妈，就立刻哭了起来。
the moment/minute/second/instant用作连词时，其后不能再加when。
[巧学活用]——同义句转换
He came to visit us as soon as he arrived in Beijing.
(1)He had no sooner/hardly arrived in Beijing than/when he came to visit us.
(2)No sooner/Hardly had he arrived in Beijing than/when he came to visit us.
(3)He came to visit us instantly/immediately/directly he arrived in Beijing.
(4)He came to visit us the instant/moment/minute he arrived in Beijing.
(5)On/Upon arriving in Beijing, he came to visit us.
独立主格
(教材P69)Now we have another chance to look up at the stars of New Orleans, their beauty inspiring us and giving us confidence to move on.
现在我们又有机会仰望新奥尔良的群星了，它们的美丽鼓舞着我们，给了我们前进的信心。
句中their beauty inspiring us and giving us confidence to move on为独立主格结构。独立主格结构主要起状语作用，相当于一个状语从句。在句中可以作时间、原因、条件或伴随状语等。
独立主格结构形式有以下几种：
(1)名词/代词＋现在分词(表示主动或正在进行)
(2)名词/代词＋过去分词(表示被动或已完成)
(3)名词/代词＋不定式(表示将要发生的动作)
(4)名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语(常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态)
①He came out of the library, a book in hand.
他手里拿着本书，走出了图书馆。
②A lot of work to do(do), he can’t go home now.
有许多工作要做，他现在不能回家。
③More time given(give), we should have done it much better.
若给更多时间，我们会做得更好。
[巧学活用]——句型转换
(1)When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
→The test finished, we began our holiday.
(2)Because there was no bus, we had to go home on foot.
→There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.
(3)We watched the men playing in the air with our hearts in our mouths.
→We watched the men playing in the air, our hearts in our mouths．
品句填词
1．In case of emergency(紧急情况)，break the glass and press the button.
2．Luckily, the little girl was rescued(营救) from the fire by a kind-hearted man.
3．They claimed(声称) the noise from the new airport disturbed their lives.
4．The weather forecast(预报) is not always accurate(准确的) either.
5．The moment the lights went off, the man grabbed(攫取) the jewels on the counter and slid out of the store.
6．You can ask Mary to look after your baby on weekends—she’s very reliable(可依靠的)．
7．The business is still in crisis(危机) but it has survived the worst of the recession.
8．Nowhere(无处，哪里都不) else can you find such beautiful scenery, so why not stay for one more night?
9．After a long journey, he got to the village at midnight (午夜)．
10．Her income is not sufficient(充足的) to support her family.
完成句子
1．一到剧院，他就发现朋友给他的票忘在家里了。
On arriving at /The moment he arrived at the theatre, he found the ticket a friend gave him was left at home.
2．我们已经邀请了100多位科学家参加这次会议，他们中的多数都获得过国际大奖。
We have invited more than 100 scientists to the meeting，most of them having won international prizes.
3．孩子们一听到这个消息，就高兴地跳了起来。
The moment/As soon as/Immediately the children heard the news，they jumped with joy.
4．老师反复解释直到学生听懂为止。
The teacher kept on explaining until the students understood.
5．他朋友进来时他正在做作业。
He was doing his homework when his friend came in.
单句语法填空
1．All the work finished(finish), the workers left the factory.
2．(2019·浙江温州期中)—Jack, where is Tom?
—Sorry, I don’t know. But I will tell him that you want to see him the moment he comes back.
3．Though she comes from a big city, she still keeps up the tradition of working hard.
4．When travelling they were trapped in the mountain, waiting to be rescued(rescue)．
5．As we all know, the UK is a country consisting(consist) of four parts.
6．Don’t be cheated by products claiming to help(help) to lose weight in a week.
7．Many animals are threatened(threaten) with extinction as a result of human activity now.
8．This young man is considered to be the most reliable (rely) person in this company.
9．Whatever you say，I won’t believe you any longer because you are always telling lies.
10．This latest teaching equipment in our class is said to have cost(cost) a lot of money.
完成句子
1．会议结束了，老师们一个个走了出来。
The meeting over, the teachers went out one by one.
2．那位著名的歌手一出现在舞台上，观众就禁不住大喊他的名字。
The moment/As soon as the famous singer appeared on the stage, the audience couldn’t help shouting his name.
3．幸福不在于你有多少钱。
Happiness does not consist in how much money you have.
4．这位著名的科学家声称在宇宙中发现了一颗新行星。
The famous scientist claimed to have discovered a new planet in the universe.
5．全球气温上升将会导致严重的后果。
The rise in global temperature will result in/lead to serious consequences.
阅读理解
A
As sea levels climb, even Washington D．C． could see more frequent and widespread flooding at high tide.
Strong storms and high winds sometimes bring floods to coastal areas. But cities and towns along the US East Coast are flooding even in calm and sunny weather. Among them is Maryland’s capital Annapolis. Tourists there must sometimes walk through water flooding downtown streets surrounding the habor. Sometimes water covers roads in Atlantic City, N. J. Even the yards and basements of coastal homes near New York City sometimes flood.
All are suffering from this trend—normal high tides surpass(超过) a rising sea level. Sea levels have climbed, on average, about 20 centimeters(8 inches) over the past 135 years. And a sharp increase in tide flooding is one of the more visible impacts affecting many coastal areas, notes William Sweet, an oceanographer.
Sweet and his co-workers recently analyzed data from 45 tide gauges(计量表) along the US coasts. These tools record the changing heights of tides as they rise and fall. From these data, Sweet’s team calculated the number of“troublesome floods” in various coastal cities. These floods, Sweet explains, typically occur when water level is about 30 centimeters(1 foot) above the historic level of the highest tides. In June 2014, the team reported finding a growing rise in these flooding events.
In Charleston, S．C, from 1957 to 1963, the city experienced troublesome floods an average of 4.6 days per year. But from 2007 to 2013, the occurring rate of troublesome floods jumped five times. Annapolis city was even more serious. From 1957 to 1963, troublesome floods were roughly 3.8 days per year. From 2007 to 2013, the average was 10 times higher—39.3 days a year.
“Over the next few decades, climate change probably drives sea levels even higher，”Sweet says.“So today’s flooding problems promise to become only more widespread and frequent.”
【解题导语】 本文向我们说明了随着海平面上升，洪水发生得更频繁、更广泛，并列举了洪水带来的灾难以及科学家们对洪水问题的研究，同时说明了气候变化对洪水的影响。
1．What is paragraph 2 mainly developed by?
A．Using examples.
B．Analysing causes.
C．Making comparisons.
D．Following time order.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的Tourists there must sometimes walk through water flooding downtown streets surrounding the habor. Sometimes water covers roads in Atlantic City, N．J. Even the yards and basements of coastal homes near New York City sometimes flood. 可知本段是通过举例子来说明强风暴所带来的影响， 所以A选项是正确的。
2．Why are more flooding problems caused?
A．Because the river levels have been climbing.
B．Because climate has changed over the years.
C．Because the weather conditions are not stable.
D．Because people are living too close to harbors.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“Over the next few decades，climate change probably drives sea levels even higher，”Sweet says.“So today’s flooding problems promise to become only more widespread and frequent.”可知近年来洪水给我们造成了很多问题是因为气候变化。所以B选项是正确的。
3．What can be inferred according to the data in paragraph 5?
A．There has been a growing rise in these analyzed flooding events.
B．The changes of heights of tides are usually in a small range.
C．The floods in coastal cities often occur when water level is above 1 foot.
D．The number of troublesome floods gradually gets less.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的But from 2007 to 2013, the occurring rate of troublesome floods jumped five times. Annapolis city was even more serious. From 1957 to 1963, troublesome floods were roughly 3.8 days per year. From 2007 to 2013，the average was 10 times higher—39.3 days a year. 可知本段是通过列举一些数据向我们分析了洪水发生的事件在不断增加， 所以A选项是正确的。
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．Sweet’s team.
B．A flood research.
C．The US East Coast.
D．American oceanographers.
B 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文是关于洪水的研究， 所以B选项是正确的。
B
No doubt there are ups and downs in life. Whatever the situation is, you shouldn’t lose your joy of life. Life is for a limited period only and no one knows how long he/she will live, so why do you waste your precious time in worrying about the things that are beyond your control? Be happy, and enjoy your life unconditionally(无条件地)．
You enjoy good days but you also need to learn how to enjoy bad days, even enjoy your pain. In 2016 when I was in Geneva, Switzerland, I suffered a sudden heart attack. My colleagues called an ambulance and I was taken to hospital with much pain in my chest. Before reaching hospital, I was totally exhausted with pain and was going to lose control of my emotions. Then the doctor in the ambulance said，“Don’t worry; you are in safe hands.”His words took away all my pain because I started realizing that it was no time to worry about pain and it’s time to be happy that my life was safe. At that time, I learnt an important lesson that in pain there is a hidden joy and whoever sees the bright side can enjoy pain. My pain turned into a joy which greatly helped me recover more quickly than expected.
You not only enjoy success but you also need to learn to enjoy failure. Failure provides you with an opportunity to benefit from so many choices you’ve made. Celebrating failure will raise your morale and make you more powerful and determined to achieve success. We all make mistakes in life but only the courageous(勇敢的) people not only laugh at their own mistakes but also let other people laugh at them and then they reach success without any spiritual burden(负担). A person who learns from mistakes and knows how to turn the bad situation into his/her favor is the most intelligent person and really enjoys his/her life.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。人生短暂，我们要珍惜宝贵的时间，即使在困境中也要无条件地享受生活。
5．What does the author mainly tell us in the first paragraph?
A．Life is full of ups and downs.
B．People’s lives only last a limited period.
C．We should enjoy our life unconditionally.
D．Bad situations can be changed into good ones.
C 解析：段落大意题。作者在第一段里说生活总会有起伏，但人生短暂，我们没必要为不可控制的事情担忧，不要失去生活的乐趣，应该无条件地享受生活。无条件地享受生活是作者在本文提出的论点。
6．Why did the author still feel happy when experiencing much pain?
A．His colleagues were always with him.
B．He could be looked after by his parents.
C．He planned to enjoy the last days in life.
D．His doctor made him realize the value of being alive.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的His words...it’s time to be happy that my life was safe.可知，医生的话使作者意识到，他不应该为疼痛而担忧，而应该为仍然活着而高兴。
7．The underlined word “morale” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to “________”．
A．talent B．confidence
C．pleasure D．inspiration
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后的make you more powerful and determined to achieve success可知，作者是说庆祝失败可以增加你的“信心”，使你更有力量，更有决心去取得胜利。
8．The author thinks that the wisest person________．
A．never laughs at others
B．has strong determination
C．is ready to do others a favor
D．is good at learning from mistakes
D 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的A person who learns from mistakes...is the most intelligent person and really enjoys his/her life.可知，作者认为善于从错误中学习，懂得将不好的境况转变为自己的优势的人是最聪明的人，也是真正会享受生活的人。
七选五
Healthy Habits That Stick
Here are five rules that helped me develop good habits.
·Pick habits you honestly want to have
I didn’t choose habits I thought I should add because what anyone else was doing.1.________ It was about listening to myself.
·Build your habit your own way
When I started to build up an exercise routine，I only went when I wanted to go.For me，that was around 2 pm every day.2.________ If I wanted to do 20 minutes on the bike，I’d do only 20 minutes and then leave.
·Start small
I knew that if I tried to take on too much，I’d find a way to make an excuse.3.________ I started with two minutes of exercise，which were finally built up to 10，then 20 minutes.I realised that just doing something，no matter how small，meant I was more likely to do it again the next day.
·Be kind to yourself
4．________ When I got a cold and missed several days of exercise，I didn’t beat myself up.Instead of punishing myself，I tried to love myself and that had a more enjoyable and lasting effect.
·Celebrate every small victory
When I began keeping a diary every morning，I put a number in the corner of each page to show how many diaries I had written.5.________ Finally，after I filled up a notebook，I celebrated buying a new notebook.
A．If I missed a day，I let it go.
B．I can make exercise less boring.
C．So my daily purposes were very small.
D．I celebrated my pen running out of ink.
E．It wasn’t about keeping up with other people.
F．I should celebrate my success with my friends.
G．It also meant that I would do whatever I wanted to do once I got there.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了自己是如何养成好习惯的。
1．E 解析：根据上下文可知，对于“我”自己想养成的习惯，“我”要倾听自己内心的声音，不是人云亦云，追逐他人的脚步，故选E项。
2．G 解析：根据该段小标题Build your habit your own way及下文中的“If I wanted to do 20 minutes on the bike，I’d do only 20 minutes and then leave.”可知，“我”只做“我”想做的运动，故选G项。
3．C 解析：根据该段小标题Start small及空前的“I knew that if I tried to take on too much，I’d find a way to make an excuse.”可知，“我”每次只给自己制订一些小目标，故选C项。
4．A 解析：根据空后的“When I got a cold and missed several days of exercise，I didn’t beat myself up.”可知，A项符合语境，即如果落下一天，那就落下吧，故选A项。
5．D 解析：根据该段小标题Celebrate every small victory以及空后的“Finally，after I filled up a notebook，I celebrated buying a new notebook.”可知，“我”会庆祝自己的每一个小成功，比如庆祝自己因写日记而将笔里的墨水用光，故选D项。
课件35张PPT。Unit 6 Disaster and hopeforecastrescueclaimcrisisbillionnowheremidnightcountyreliablethreatenpreciselyconsist ofresult in/lead toall of a suddenturn intoup and downin the open airkeep on (doing sth.)have yet toOn hearing the newsis consideredone of Europe’s most deadly forest firesis generally agreed to have hadwas said to bewas sitting in my roomwhenthewhatever happenstheir beauty inspiring us and giving usconfidence to move onmoment the storm hittofromcome to his children’s rescueconsists ofis made up ofwithconsisting of/made up ofwhich consists of/which is made up ofto have discoveredis claimedwithworkingupinfromoffTheimmediatelyno sooner/hardlythan/whenNo sooner/Hardlythan/wheninstantly/immediately/directlythe instant/moment/minuteOn/Upon arrivingto dogivenThe test finishedThere being no busour hearts in ourmouths按ESC键退出全屏播放本部分内容讲解结束
品句填词
1．In case of emergency(紧急情况)，break the glass and press the button.
2．Luckily, the little girl was rescued(营救) from the fire by a kind-hearted man.
3．They claimed(声称) the noise from the new airport disturbed their lives.
4．The weather forecast(预报) is not always accurate(准确的) either.
5．The moment the lights went off, the man grabbed(攫取) the jewels on the counter and slid out of the store.
6．You can ask Mary to look after your baby on weekends—she’s very reliable(可依靠的)．
7．The business is still in crisis(危机) but it has survived the worst of the recession.
8．Nowhere(无处，哪里都不) else can you find such beautiful scenery, so why not stay for one more night?
9．After a long journey, he got to the village at midnight (午夜)．
10．Her income is not sufficient(充足的) to support her family.
完成句子
1．一到剧院，他就发现朋友给他的票忘在家里了。
On arriving at /The moment he arrived at the theatre, he found the ticket a friend gave him was left at home.
2．我们已经邀请了100多位科学家参加这次会议，他们中的多数都获得过国际大奖。
We have invited more than 100 scientists to the meeting，most of them having won international prizes.
3．孩子们一听到这个消息，就高兴地跳了起来。
The moment/As soon as/Immediately the children heard the news，they jumped with joy.
4．老师反复解释直到学生听懂为止。
The teacher kept on explaining until the students understood.
5．他朋友进来时他正在做作业。
He was doing his homework when his friend came in.
单句语法填空
1．All the work finished(finish), the workers left the factory.
2．(2019·浙江温州期中)—Jack, where is Tom?
—Sorry, I don’t know. But I will tell him that you want to see him the moment he comes back.
3．Though she comes from a big city, she still keeps up the tradition of working hard.
4．When travelling they were trapped in the mountain, waiting to be rescued(rescue)．
5．As we all know, the UK is a country consisting(consist) of four parts.
6．Don’t be cheated by products claiming to help(help) to lose weight in a week.
7．Many animals are threatened(threaten) with extinction as a result of human activity now.
8．This young man is considered to be the most reliable (rely) person in this company.
9．Whatever you say，I won’t believe you any longer because you are always telling lies.
10．This latest teaching equipment in our class is said to have cost(cost) a lot of money.
完成句子
1．会议结束了，老师们一个个走了出来。
The meeting over, the teachers went out one by one.
2．那位著名的歌手一出现在舞台上，观众就禁不住大喊他的名字。
The moment/As soon as the famous singer appeared on the stage, the audience couldn’t help shouting his name.
3．幸福不在于你有多少钱。
Happiness does not consist in how much money you have.
4．这位著名的科学家声称在宇宙中发现了一颗新行星。
The famous scientist claimed to have discovered a new planet in the universe.
5．全球气温上升将会导致严重的后果。
The rise in global temperature will result in/lead to serious consequences.
阅读理解
A
As sea levels climb, even Washington D．C． could see more frequent and widespread flooding at high tide.
Strong storms and high winds sometimes bring floods to coastal areas. But cities and towns along the US East Coast are flooding even in calm and sunny weather. Among them is Maryland’s capital Annapolis. Tourists there must sometimes walk through water flooding downtown streets surrounding the habor. Sometimes water covers roads in Atlantic City, N. J. Even the yards and basements of coastal homes near New York City sometimes flood.
All are suffering from this trend—normal high tides surpass(超过) a rising sea level. Sea levels have climbed, on average, about 20 centimeters(8 inches) over the past 135 years. And a sharp increase in tide flooding is one of the more visible impacts affecting many coastal areas, notes William Sweet, an oceanographer.
Sweet and his co-workers recently analyzed data from 45 tide gauges(计量表) along the US coasts. These tools record the changing heights of tides as they rise and fall. From these data, Sweet’s team calculated the number of“troublesome floods” in various coastal cities. These floods, Sweet explains, typically occur when water level is about 30 centimeters(1 foot) above the historic level of the highest tides. In June 2014, the team reported finding a growing rise in these flooding events.
In Charleston, S．C, from 1957 to 1963, the city experienced troublesome floods an average of 4.6 days per year. But from 2007 to 2013, the occurring rate of troublesome floods jumped five times. Annapolis city was even more serious. From 1957 to 1963, troublesome floods were roughly 3.8 days per year. From 2007 to 2013, the average was 10 times higher—39.3 days a year.
“Over the next few decades, climate change probably drives sea levels even higher，”Sweet says.“So today’s flooding problems promise to become only more widespread and frequent.”
【解题导语】 本文向我们说明了随着海平面上升，洪水发生得更频繁、更广泛，并列举了洪水带来的灾难以及科学家们对洪水问题的研究，同时说明了气候变化对洪水的影响。
1．What is paragraph 2 mainly developed by?
A．Using examples.
B．Analysing causes.
C．Making comparisons.
D．Following time order.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的Tourists there must sometimes walk through water flooding downtown streets surrounding the habor. Sometimes water covers roads in Atlantic City, N．J. Even the yards and basements of coastal homes near New York City sometimes flood. 可知本段是通过举例子来说明强风暴所带来的影响， 所以A选项是正确的。
2．Why are more flooding problems caused?
A．Because the river levels have been climbing.
B．Because climate has changed over the years.
C．Because the weather conditions are not stable.
D．Because people are living too close to harbors.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“Over the next few decades，climate change probably drives sea levels even higher，”Sweet says.“So today’s flooding problems promise to become only more widespread and frequent.”可知近年来洪水给我们造成了很多问题是因为气候变化。所以B选项是正确的。
3．What can be inferred according to the data in paragraph 5?
A．There has been a growing rise in these analyzed flooding events.
B．The changes of heights of tides are usually in a small range.
C．The floods in coastal cities often occur when water level is above 1 foot.
D．The number of troublesome floods gradually gets less.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的But from 2007 to 2013, the occurring rate of troublesome floods jumped five times. Annapolis city was even more serious. From 1957 to 1963, troublesome floods were roughly 3.8 days per year. From 2007 to 2013，the average was 10 times higher—39.3 days a year. 可知本段是通过列举一些数据向我们分析了洪水发生的事件在不断增加， 所以A选项是正确的。
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．Sweet’s team.
B．A flood research.
C．The US East Coast.
D．American oceanographers.
B 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文是关于洪水的研究， 所以B选项是正确的。
B
No doubt there are ups and downs in life. Whatever the situation is, you shouldn’t lose your joy of life. Life is for a limited period only and no one knows how long he/she will live, so why do you waste your precious time in worrying about the things that are beyond your control? Be happy, and enjoy your life unconditionally(无条件地)．
You enjoy good days but you also need to learn how to enjoy bad days, even enjoy your pain. In 2016 when I was in Geneva, Switzerland, I suffered a sudden heart attack. My colleagues called an ambulance and I was taken to hospital with much pain in my chest. Before reaching hospital, I was totally exhausted with pain and was going to lose control of my emotions. Then the doctor in the ambulance said，“Don’t worry; you are in safe hands.”His words took away all my pain because I started realizing that it was no time to worry about pain and it’s time to be happy that my life was safe. At that time, I learnt an important lesson that in pain there is a hidden joy and whoever sees the bright side can enjoy pain. My pain turned into a joy which greatly helped me recover more quickly than expected.
You not only enjoy success but you also need to learn to enjoy failure. Failure provides you with an opportunity to benefit from so many choices you’ve made. Celebrating failure will raise your morale and make you more powerful and determined to achieve success. We all make mistakes in life but only the courageous(勇敢的) people not only laugh at their own mistakes but also let other people laugh at them and then they reach success without any spiritual burden(负担). A person who learns from mistakes and knows how to turn the bad situation into his/her favor is the most intelligent person and really enjoys his/her life.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。人生短暂，我们要珍惜宝贵的时间，即使在困境中也要无条件地享受生活。
5．What does the author mainly tell us in the first paragraph?
A．Life is full of ups and downs.
B．People’s lives only last a limited period.
C．We should enjoy our life unconditionally.
D．Bad situations can be changed into good ones.
C 解析：段落大意题。作者在第一段里说生活总会有起伏，但人生短暂，我们没必要为不可控制的事情担忧，不要失去生活的乐趣，应该无条件地享受生活。无条件地享受生活是作者在本文提出的论点。
6．Why did the author still feel happy when experiencing much pain?
A．His colleagues were always with him.
B．He could be looked after by his parents.
C．He planned to enjoy the last days in life.
D．His doctor made him realize the value of being alive.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的His words...it’s time to be happy that my life was safe.可知，医生的话使作者意识到，他不应该为疼痛而担忧，而应该为仍然活着而高兴。
7．The underlined word “morale” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to “________”．
A．talent B．confidence
C．pleasure D．inspiration
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后的make you more powerful and determined to achieve success可知，作者是说庆祝失败可以增加你的“信心”，使你更有力量，更有决心去取得胜利。
8．The author thinks that the wisest person________．
A．never laughs at others
B．has strong determination
C．is ready to do others a favor
D．is good at learning from mistakes
D 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的A person who learns from mistakes...is the most intelligent person and really enjoys his/her life.可知，作者认为善于从错误中学习，懂得将不好的境况转变为自己的优势的人是最聪明的人，也是真正会享受生活的人。
七选五
Healthy Habits That Stick
Here are five rules that helped me develop good habits.
·Pick habits you honestly want to have
I didn’t choose habits I thought I should add because what anyone else was doing.1.________ It was about listening to myself.
·Build your habit your own way
When I started to build up an exercise routine，I only went when I wanted to go.For me，that was around 2 pm every day.2.________ If I wanted to do 20 minutes on the bike，I’d do only 20 minutes and then leave.
·Start small
I knew that if I tried to take on too much，I’d find a way to make an excuse.3.________ I started with two minutes of exercise，which were finally built up to 10，then 20 minutes.I realised that just doing something，no matter how small，meant I was more likely to do it again the next day.
·Be kind to yourself
4．________ When I got a cold and missed several days of exercise，I didn’t beat myself up.Instead of punishing myself，I tried to love myself and that had a more enjoyable and lasting effect.
·Celebrate every small victory
When I began keeping a diary every morning，I put a number in the corner of each page to show how many diaries I had written.5.________ Finally，after I filled up a notebook，I celebrated buying a new notebook.
A．If I missed a day，I let it go.
B．I can make exercise less boring.
C．So my daily purposes were very small.
D．I celebrated my pen running out of ink.
E．It wasn’t about keeping up with other people.
F．I should celebrate my success with my friends.
G．It also meant that I would do whatever I wanted to do once I got there.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了自己是如何养成好习惯的。
1．E 解析：根据上下文可知，对于“我”自己想养成的习惯，“我”要倾听自己内心的声音，不是人云亦云，追逐他人的脚步，故选E项。
2．G 解析：根据该段小标题Build your habit your own way及下文中的“If I wanted to do 20 minutes on the bike，I’d do only 20 minutes and then leave.”可知，“我”只做“我”想做的运动，故选G项。
3．C 解析：根据该段小标题Start small及空前的“I knew that if I tried to take on too much，I’d find a way to make an excuse.”可知，“我”每次只给自己制订一些小目标，故选C项。
4．A 解析：根据空后的“When I got a cold and missed several days of exercise，I didn’t beat myself up.”可知，A项符合语境，即如果落下一天，那就落下吧，故选A项。
5．D 解析：根据该段小标题Celebrate every small victory以及空后的“Finally，after I filled up a notebook，I celebrated buying a new notebook.”可知，“我”会庆祝自己的每一个小成功，比如庆祝自己因写日记而将笔里的墨水用光，故选D项。
Section Ⅲ Using language & Writing
省 略
为了避免重复，或为了使句子更简练，在一些句子中常常省去一个或某几个成分，这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。
在英语句子中，常见的省略情况有以下几种：
一、并列句中的省略
在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。
1．省略共同的主语或宾语。
◆Tom picked up a book on the floor and (Tom) handed it to the teacher.
汤姆在地板上捡起了一本书并把它交给了老师。
2．若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。
◆Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.
杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽肯定一直在做作业。
3．若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。
◆His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry.
他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。
4．若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。
◆He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesn’t (have a knowledge of first aid)．
他具备急救知识，但他朋友不具备。
二、复合句中的省略
1．状语从句的省略
(1)在when, while, if, as if, though, although, as, until, once, whether, unless, whenever等连接的状语从句中，当从句主语跟主句主语相同且从句谓语中含有系动词be或从句的主语为it时，则从句中主语和be动词常被省略。
◆(天津卷)As (it is) scheduled，we participated in several instructive activities.
按照计划安排，我们参加了几个有指导意义的活动。
◆Look out for cars when (you are) crossing the street.
过街时要当心车辆。
省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主动关系，则使用现在分词；若构成被动关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则使用不定式。
(2)在than, as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。
◆They don’t use more water than (it is) necessary.
他们使用的水没有超出需要量。
◆He runs as fast as Bob (runs)．
他和鲍勃跑得一样快。
2．定语从句中的省略
(1)在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that, which，whom可省略。
◆The computer (which) I wanted to buy was sold out.
我想买的那种电脑卖光了。
(2)在定语从句中way作先行词，且在句中充当方式状语时，可省略引导定语从句的关系代词。
◆I don’t like the way (that) he speaks to me.
我不喜欢他对我说话的方式。
(3)在以the same...as...或such as引导的某些定语从句中，也可省略与主句相同的部分。
◆I have the same trouble as you (have)．
我和你有同样的困难。
3．宾语从句的省略
(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。
◆(2018·浙江卷6月)I do believe (that) I am very qualified for this voluntary work，because I have a good command of spoken English. 我的确相信我适合这个志愿者工作，因为我精通英语口语。
◆He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
他说这篇课文很重要，我们应该牢记在心。
(2)when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。
◆I know that a movie star will come to our city but I don’t know when (he will come to our city)．
我知道一个电影明星将要来我们市，但我不知道他什么时候来。
三、其他的省略情况
1．动词不定式的省略
(1)当不定式在形容词afraid, anxious, eager, glad, happy, ready, willing等后作状语时，to后的内容常省略。
◆You can’t force him to answer the question if he’s not ready to (answer the question)．
如果他不愿意回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。
(2)某些使役动词，如make, let, have等和感官动词，如see, watch, notice, observe, hear等后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不省略。
◆We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom.
→She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom.(被动语态)
我们经常听见她在教室唱英文歌。
(3)并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不能省略to。
◆He likes to swim more than (to) skate.
比起溜冰他更喜欢游泳。
◆He believes it important to study rather than to make friends.(比较)
他认为最重要的是学习而不是交朋友。
(4)当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，常可省略to后的内容。常见的动词有agree, afford, expect, forget, hope, manage, pretend, remember, refuse, want, wish, would like等。
◆—Will you go to the cinema with me?
——你愿意和我一起去看电影吗？
—I’d like to (go with you)．
——我愿意。
(5)介词but, except (除了) 前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的不定式不带to。
◆All he could do was nothing but wait and see.
他所能做的只有等着瞧。
(6)当不定式在be going to, be able to, have to, ought to, used to后作复合谓语时，不定式可省略。
◆They didn’t visit their parents as much as they ought to (visit their parents)．
他们应该多看望父母，但他们没有。
2．使用so，not等时的省略
为了避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句，与believe，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，I’m afraid等连用。so表示赞同前述的事实，not表示不赞同前述的事实。
◆—Has she ever been to London?
——她曾到过伦敦吗？
—I don’t think so.(＝I don’t think she has ever been to London.)——我想她没去过。
◆—Will it rain tomorrow？——明天会下雨吗？
—I hope not.(＝I hope it won’t rain tomorrow.)
——我希望不会。
用省略句改写下列句子
1．When I was asked how to get to the train station, I told him right away.
→When asked how to get to the train station, I told him right away.
2．You can ask my brother for help if it is necessary.
→You can ask my brother for help if necessary．
3．We don’t go to the cinema as much as we used to go to the cinema.
→We don’t go to the cinema as much as we used to．
4．No matter how frequently they are performed, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.
→No matter how frequently performed, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.
5．If the experiment can be done carefully, it is sure to succeed.
→If done carefully, the experiment is sure to succeed.
6．While I was walking along the street, I heard my name called.
→While walking along the street, I heard my name called.
7．When it is possible, people should use reproducible energy instead of fossil energy.
→When possible, people should use reproducible energy instead of fossil energy.
8．He looked everywhere as if he was in search of something.
→He looked everywhere as if in search of something．
9．Though he was tired, he kept on working in the field.
→Though tired, he kept on working in the field.
10．The boy used to play with the knife though his father told him not to play with the knife.
→The boy used to play with the knife though his father told him not to．
语法与写作
1．除非邀请你发言，你应该在这次会议上保持沉默。
Unless invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
2．亨利通过期末考试的可能性很小，但他仍希望通过。
Henry is less likely to pass the end-of-term exam, but he still hopes to．
3．他们的友谊一旦失去，就无法再挽回。
Once lost, their friendship won’t be won back.
4．只要有可能，他们就让他停下并问他这三个问题。
Whenever possible，they would stop him and ask him the three questions.
5．让我惊讶的是，我儿子的作业比预期完成得要好。
To my surprise, my son finished his homework better than expected．
指导性说明文
文体感知
本写作任务要求写安全指南，属于指导性说明文。此类写作的特点是：目的明确、简洁明了、步骤清晰、操作性强。句型以祈使句为主，时态以一般现在时为主，人称多用第一人称或第二人称。写作可分三部分：第一部分：引入话题(比如：遇到有人溺水怎么办)；第二部分：说明如何施救；第三部分：总结全文(说明实施急救的重要性)。
增分佳句
1．We should check whether the person can breathe or not.
2．Use the mouth-to-mouth method within five minutes.
3．Lay the patient down on a coat or sleeping bag if possible.
4．Cover the wound with a bandage or a piece of dry clean cloth.
5．Don’t try to move the person unless he is in danger.
6．Don’t give the person anything to eat or drink.
写作要求
假设你是李华，你们学校的英语网站正面向全校学生征集有关安全指南的英文稿件。请你给该网站投稿，介绍交通事故方面的急救常识。
内容包括：
1．首先保持镇静；
2．检查伤者呼吸情况，呼吸困难要实施人工呼吸；
3．如伤者有出血情况要用布按压止血，然后等候救护车及警察的帮助。
注意：1.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
2．词数80左右。
审题谋篇
项目
结论
体裁
说明文
话题
如何实施急救
时态
一般现在时
人称
第二人称
词句推敲
1．词汇
①反应 respond
②帮助 assistance
③伤口 wound
④核实 check out
⑤注意 pay attention to
2．句式
①知道如何正确地应对起着重要的作用。
普通表达：Knowing how to respond properly can make a big difference.
高级表达：It is knowing how to respond properly that can make a big difference.(用强调句型改写句子)
②这里有一些规则。你可以遵守这些规则。
普通表达：Here are some rules. You can follow these rules.
高级表达：Here are some rules that you can follow.(用定语从句合并句子)
③如果有必要的话，要实施人工呼吸进行紧急救助。
普通表达：If it is necessary，use the mouth-to-mouth technique to give immediate assistance.
高级表达： If necessary, use the mouth-to-mouth technique to give immediate assistance.(用省略句改写句子)
妙笔成篇
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One possible version：
First Aid for Accidents
If you happen to witness an accident, what should you do to save other people’s lives? It is knowing how to respond properly that can make a big difference.Here are some rules that you can follow.
Firstly, you must stay calm and call the police and an ambulance. Speak to the person to find out as much as you can about his injuries. Next, pay attention to the person’s breathing, especially if he is having trouble getting his breath. If necessary, use the mouth-to-mouth technique to give immediate assistance. Besides, if the injured person is bleeding, press a clean towel or cloth onto his wound. Finally, stay with the injured person and comfort him until the arrival of the police and ambulance.
单句语法填空
1．He intends to leave the company.If so，we will find a person to replace him.
2．He succeeded in solving all the problems as expected(expect)．
3．While visiting(visit) the city, they received a warm welcome.
4．Though tired(tire), they went on working in order to finish the task on time.
5．— Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?
— Yes, if possible (possibility), I’m going to visit some old people’s homes.
6．If given(give) enough time, I can write the article better.
7．We didn’t do anything but stay(stay) at home watching TV yesterday.
8．While walking(walk) along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.
9．The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make(make) it more difficult.
10．Generally speaking, when taken(take) according to the instructions, the drug has no side effects.
阅读理解
A
Forces other than damaging winds are also at work inside tornadoes. Sometimes, as the wind passes a house, the walls and ceiling burst apart as if a bomb had gone off inside. This explosion(爆炸) is caused by the low air pressure(压力) at the center of a tornado.
The pressure at the center of a tornado is usually 13 pounds per square inch. However, inside the house the air pressure is normal, about 15 pounds per square inch. The difference of 2 pounds per square inch between the inside and outside pressure may not seem like much. But suppose a tornado passes over a small building that measures 20 by 10 by 10 feet. On each square inch of the building, there is 2 pounds of pressure from the inside that is not balanced by air pressure outside the building. On the ceiling, that adds up to an unbalanced pressure of 57，600 pounds. The pressure of the four walls adds up to 172，800 pounds.
If windows are open in the building, some of the inside air will rush out through them. This will balance the pressure inside and outside the building. But if the windows are shut tightly, the huge inside pressure may cause the building to burst.
Unfortunately, heavy rain often occurs in the storms that later produce tornadoes, so people often shut their windows. This may cause far worse damage later.
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述龙卷风除了具有破坏力极大的风之外，多种力也作用于其内部。
1．What did the paragraph before this passage most probably discuss?
A．Measuring rainfall from a storm.
B．The powerful winds of tornadoes.
C．The kinds of damage caused by explosions.
D．Repairing the damage from tornadoes.
C 解析：推理判断题。文章一开始就谈到龙卷风发生时，内部的低压引起的“爆炸”会造成墙倒屋塌。在此之前很可能谈论的是“爆炸”所引起的各种破坏程度。
2．Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?
A．How tornadoes can be prevented.
B．When tornadoes usually occur.
C．Where tornadoes are formed.
D．Why tornadoes cause so much damage.
D 解析：主旨大意题。文章主要是围绕龙卷风造成破坏的原因来展开的。
3．What is the difference per square inch between the air pressure inside a building and the air pressure inside a tornado?
A．2 pounds. B．10 pounds.
C．13 pounds. D．15 pounds.
A 解析：数字计算题。根据第二段内容，尤其是第三句“The difference of 2 pounds per square inch between the inside and outside pressure may not seem like much.”可知建筑物每平方英寸的气压之差是2磅。
4．Why do people shut windows when tornadoes occur?
A．Because the wind is strong.
B．Because there is heavy rain.
C．Because the weather is foggy.
D．Because the weather is cold.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知答案。
B
If anyone who has ridden a horse for any length of time told you they have never felt any fear, they would be dishonest. You may prefer to call it “respect” instead of fear, but it’s always a fact that the 1，000-pound or so animal you are sitting on is, physically, more powerful than you are.
A bad experience, usually something that cannot be avoided no matter what the rider does, can turn healthy respect to fear. Once a rider has been physically hurt, it will take him/her a while to rebuild confidence. The old idea promised that if you just got right back on again, everything would be fine. However, suppressing(抑制) fear seldom works. Besides, suppressing fear doesn’t help to tell the rider to “just get over it”．
Fear is usually related to the rider’s skill level. The best way to overcome riding fears is to work on developing good riding skills. Having good riding skills gives the rider the confidence that he or she has the ability to ride a horse and to deal with anything the horse might do. Riders also need to develop habits that allow them to stay mentally and emotionally calm in a relaxed way when their horse becomes excited or frightened. Their partners also have to keep calm in order to bring the other back to that state.
It is hard to get past your fear when you work by yourself. Finding an experienced instructor who knows your confidence crisis(危机) is important. You need someone who understands how to back up and find the point where you are comfortably riding. Having the right horse can also be important when you are learning to ride horse and trying to rebuild confidence. We are fortunate here at Meredith Manor to have 130 to 150 horses to choose from when our instructors sit down to make weekly horse assignment(分配) for each learner.
【解题导语】 学骑马的时候心里害怕很正常，作者在本文提供了几点建议来帮助骑马者克服这种情绪。
5．What does the author want to show in paragraph 1?
A．Horses are really powerful.
B．Some horse riders can be dishonest.
C．It’s common for horse riders to fear.
D．Horse riders should respect their horses.
C 解析：段落大意题。根据第一段的内容可知，本段主要是在阐释：每个骑过马的人都曾感到过害怕，这是很普遍的事情。
6．According to the old idea, after a bad horse riding experience, we should ________．
A．try horse riding again at once
B．tell ourselves to just get over it
C．turn our fears into healthy respect
D．avoid riding a horse for some time
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的The old idea promised that if you just got right back on again, everything would be fine.可知，老观点认为，一次失败的经历之后，我们可以通过立即再次尝试来克服恐惧。
7．What does the author think is the best way to overcome riding fears?
A．Improving our horse riding skills.
B．Learning to stay calm in an accident.
C．Finding the point of comfortably riding.
D．Seeking help from an experienced partner.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的The best way to overcome riding fears is to work on developing good riding skills.可知，作者认为克服骑马恐惧最好的方法是提升骑马的技巧。
语法填空
A few months ago，I left my hometown for Canada to study. I felt nervous because I was going to 1.____________ new place with new people. What worried me at first was that I couldn’t speak English 2.____________(fluent)，and I also couldn’t understand 3.____________(they) customs. Everything was different 4.____________ my own country. I had to deal with everything alone.
It was a sad moment 5.____________ I had to say goodbye to my family and friends at the airport. Suddenly，I felt unwilling 6.____________(leave)my hometown because I grew up there and had wonderful 7.____________(memory) of the familiar place. However，I knew studying abroad was a 8.____________(decide) that I made myself. I had to accept the challenge.
By now I 9.____________(get) used to the new life here already，though I’m looking forward to 10.____________(spend) the coming vacation with my old friends back home.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者回忆要离开家乡到加拿大学习时的不舍和担忧，并且现在已经适应了国外的新生活。
1．a 解析：考查冠词。句中不定冠词a修饰new place，表示泛指。
2．fluently 解析：考查副词。用副词fluently作状语修饰动词speak。
3．their 解析：考查代词。句中名词customs前面应该使用形容词性物主代词作定语，所以要填their。
4．from 解析：考查介词。短语be different from意为“和……不同”，my own country作介词from的宾语。
5．when 解析：考查关系副词。定语从句的先行词是a sad moment，是表示时间的名词短语，并且定语从句结构完整，所以要用关系副词when引导。
6．to leave 解析：考查非谓语动词。短语be/feel unwilling to do sth.意为“不愿意做某事”，所以要填to leave。
7．memories 解析：考查名词复数。名词memory意为“回忆，记忆”，是可数名词，句中应该使用复数形式表示很多美好的回忆。
8．decision 解析：考查词性转换。不定冠词a的后面通常要接名词，句中应该使用动词decide的名词形式，所以要填decision。
9．have got 解析：考查动词的时态。句中时间状语By now要和现在完成时连用，所以要填have got。
10．spending 解析：考查非谓语动词。动词短语look forward to意为“期待”，其中to是介词，后面要接动名词作宾语，故填spending。
应用文写作
你校英文报“Safety guidelines”栏目现面向全校学生公开征集稿件，你有意参加。请你根据图片内容，用英语写一篇短文，介绍如何给溺水者实施急救。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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One possible version：
If you find someone drowning, knowing some first aid knowledge can make a big difference. The steps are as follows.
First of all, get the drowning person out of the water as quickly as possible. Then, check if the person can breathe. If not, you’d better try to start his or her breathing immediately, using the mouth-to-mouth method. Meanwhile, do remember to call for help. Continue performing first aid and don’t stop until the ambulance arrives.
Seconds count in a situation where you find someone drowning, and knowing what to do can mean the difference between life and death.
综合达标检测
阅读理解
A
Field trip guide
Where: Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge
Contact: Susan Kain 208-467-9278
Suitability: Adults(成年人), Teens
Looking for volunteers (18 or older) to help at a station for our Discover Wildlife Journeys field trip for 4th－6th graders! No teaching experience necessary. All training provided.
The field trips are on Tuesdays through Thursdays in September and October.
Sales clerk
Where: Hiram M. Chittenden Locks
Contact: Volunteer Clearinghouse 800-865-8337
Suitability: Adults
A volunteer job with Discover Your Northwest is open for part-time work year round. Volunteers will help customers and provide cashier(出纳员) duties in a small bookstore in the Class A visitor center at the Hiram M. Chittenden Locks.
RV volunteer
Where: Natchez National Historical Park
Contact: Melissa Tynes 601-446-5790
Suitability: Adults, Groups, Family
There are many chances at Natchez National Historical Park, including Visitor Center Assistant, Gardener, Tour Guide, etc. Two RV sites have just been added! We require at least 32 hours of service a week, per site, and at least 3 months of volunteer service. Volunteers should have the ability to communicate with visitors of different age groups and cultures.
Visitor Center host
Where: Kingsley Plantation
Contact: Emily Palmer 904-251-3537
Suitability: Adults
Volunteers provide services to park visitors on a daily basis. Primary duties include greeting visitors in the Visitor Center, answering questions about the park, making sales, answering phone calls, etc.
Skills needed：Good communication skills and an interest in natural and cultural history.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四项志愿者工作。
1．What is a requirement for volunteering as field trip guides?
A．Volunteers must work daily.
B．Teaching experience is a must.
C．Volunteers must be at least 18 years old.
D．3 months of volunteer service is required.
C 解析：细节理解题。由Field trip guide部分中的Looking for volunteers (18 or older)可知，该志愿者工作要求申请者年满18岁。
2．Which number should you call if you want to volunteer in a bookstore?
A．208-467-9278. B．800-865-8337.
C．601-446-5790. D．904-251-3537.
B 解析：细节理解题。由Sales clerk部分中的Volunteers will help...in a small bookstore和Contact: Volunteer Clearinghouse 800-865-8337可得出正确答案。
3．Which of the following is suitable for family volunteers?
A．Field trip guide. B．Sales clerk.
C．RV volunteer. D．Visitor Center host.
C 解析：细节理解题。由RV volunteer部分中的Suitability: Adults, Groups, Family可知，该项志愿者工作适合家庭参加。
B
I always wanted to be a firefighter. It seemed exciting to me. I like to be outside, lift heavy things and sleep on the ground!
In college, I got a job with the forest service. My first week on the job, they asked if I wanted to get my red card (training for forest fires). I said yes!
The training was a week long. I learned about the different types of fire crews(工作人员) and I remember the instructor saying hotshots were the top dogs. He said they had the most difficult and dangerous job and that you had to really prove yourself in order to be a hotshot. I was sold. I didn’t want to do anything else!
However, hotshot crews don’t hire(雇用) people without fire experience. I returned home from training to Logan where the Logan Hotshots are based. I walked in and told the boss I wanted to be a hotshot and they should keep me in mind if they needed anyone.
The very next day I got a note saying the Hotshots were looking for me! A woman on their crew got injured and they needed a replacement...they were headed to a fire that day. They thought of me because I had just been there the day before.
We arrived at the fire near Provo, Utah at about 10 pm that night. We ended up working 40 hours, digging fire lines. I think I fell asleep standing up against my tool at one point.
My feet were covered in blisters(水泡) and the helicopter(直升机) that was supposed to pick us up at the top of the mountain broke down and we had to walk miles!
To my delight, the crew liked me and hired me after that. I also met my husband that night! How cool is that!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者介绍了自己成为一名hotshot消防员的经历。
4．What kind of person is the author?
A．Easy-going. B．Risk-loving.
C．Well-organized. D．Simple-minded.
B 解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的I like to be outside, sleep on the ground和第三段中的He said they had the most difficult and dangerous job可知，作者喜欢到户外、喜欢冒险。
5．When did the author decide to become a hotshot?
A．When she started college.
B．After she returned to Logan.
C．When she did her red card training.
D．After she finished the forest service.
C 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的I was sold. I didn’t want to do anything else！并结合第二段可知，作者在接受“红卡”培训时，知道了hotshot这一类消防员，于是下定决心从事这份工作。
6．Why did the Logan Hotshots send a note to the author?
A．They were short of persons.
B．They wanted to test her skills.
C．They were satisfied with her ability.
D．They thought she was rich in fire experience.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第五段中的A woman on their crew got injured and they needed a replacement可知，因为一名女消防员受伤了，所以他们通知作者加入他们去灭火。
7．How did the author find the firefighting that night?
A．Dangerous. B．Exciting.
C．Hard. D．Unsuccessful.
C 解析：推理判断题。由倒数第二、三段可知，工作时间长、累得站着都能睡着、脚上起了水泡还得继续走路，这些都说明这次灭火任务比较艰巨。
C
When Hanadi was 4, her school was destroyed in the civil war. Soon after, her family left Syria to live as refugees(难民) in nearby Lebanon. Hanadi joined a school there but was fearful to go. Her experience is not unusual. There are now nearly 25.4 million refugees around the world, according to the United Nations refugee agency. About half are children. Most refugees today are from Syria, where civil war broke out in 2011.
To help kids affected by the situation, Sesame Street and the International Rescue Committee(IRC) have teamed up to create a new version(版本) of Sesame Street especially for Syrian refugees, using Puppets(木偶) as teachers. “We don’t just want to help children learn letters and numbers，” said Sherrie Westin, who works at Sesame Workshop. “We want to help them feel less alone.”
There are more than 150 international versions of Sesame Street. In Germany, kids watch Sesamstrasse, while Mexico has Plaza Sésamo. Each version includes maths and spelling lessons. Some characters are the same as in the American version. But other things are different：The Puppets speak the local language and wear local clothes.
The new version will include situations that are familiar to Syrian refugee kids. Some of the Puppets, for example, may have been forced to leave their home. “Kids can watch the Puppets work through big problems the kids are dealing with themselves，” the IRC’s Sarah Smith says.
For the world’s 12 million refugee children, there is little chance to receive good education. And even if kids go to school, they may have fallen behind in their studies. Often, they are traumatized(使受精神创伤) by what they’ve been through.
The new Sesame Street will meet the public. Sesame Workshop expects that more than 9 million children will be able to watch the show on a TV, computer, or mobile phone. Hanadi may be one of them.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。少儿节目《芝麻街》为帮助难民儿童正在制作一个新版系列，让孩子们在学习科学知识的同时，获得心灵上的抚慰。
8．What happened to 4-year-old Hanadi?
A．She dropped out of school.
B．She was injured in the war.
C．She fell behind in her studies.
D．She became afraid to go to school.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的Hanadi joined a school there but was fearful to go.可知，Hanadi在新学校注册了，但是不敢去上学。
9．Why was the new version of Sesame Street created?
A．To increase the show’s popularity.
B．To improve education in poor areas.
C．To help refugee kids get through hard times.
D．To teach kids who can’t afford to go to school.
C 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的To help kids affected by the situation和We don’t just want to help...them feel less alone.可知，制作新版《芝麻街》是为了帮助难民儿童学习知识的同时，抚慰他们孤独的心灵，以帮助他们度过艰难的时光。
10．What do different versions of Sesame Street have in common?
A．They all teach maths and spelling.
B．They were all named Sesame Street.
C．The characters are exactly the same.
D．The characters wear the same clothes.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的Each version includes maths and spelling lessons.可知，每个版本的节目都含有数学和拼写课程。
11．What can we learn about the new version of Sesame Street?
A．The story happens in Syria.
B．It will appear on the screen.
C．It will hopefully reach 12 million children.
D．The idea was brought up by Sherrie Westin.
B 解析：细节理解题。由最后一段可知，新版节目将与公众见面，届时数百万儿童将能够通过电视、电脑或手机观看该节目。
D
Competitive eating has become big business.The International Federation of Competitive Eating(IFOCE) holds events for competitive eating all around the world. One of the most popular contests(竞赛) is held every 4th of July on Coney Island in New York. Nathan’s Hot Dog Eating Contest started in 1916 and the event has been dominated(占据优势) by Takeru Kobayashi. The Japanese competitor set his first record in 2001, when he ate 50 hot dogs in 12 minutes and has won the contest six years in a row.
The main types of food eaten in the contests are fast food. Hot dogs, chicken wings, pickles, corndogs and pizza are main foods of the contests. The contests usually last from around 8 to 12 minutes. Now most of the competitors are men, but there are also women who take part in competitive eating.
Being large and overweight isn’t necessarily an advantage in competitive eating. The biggest advantage a competitor can have is the ability to actually stretch(扩张) their stomach. Many competitors will drink plenty of water over a period of time in order to achieve this. Apart from having an unusually stretchable stomach, another important thing seems to be the speed from hand to mouth.
The IFOCE has very strict safety guidelines laid out regarding competitive eating. Competitions must take place in a controlled area and only competitors over the age of 18 are allowed to enter. They also advise against any type of home training. There has been much talk regarding the inclusion of competitive eating as an Olympic sport. Although the IFOCE has talked about that with the Olympic Committee, it seems that they will not agree to it at present.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了竞吃比赛的有关情况。
12．Nathan’s Hot Dog Eating Contest________．
A．has a history of over 200 years
B．takes place once a year in Japan
C．is becoming less popular than before
D．has made Takeru Kobayashi famous
D 解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的The Japanese competitor set his first record in 2001...has won the contest six years in a row.可知，Takeru Kobayashi在美国纽约的内森国际吃热狗大赛上连夺六届冠军，这使得他名声远扬，故选D项。
13．What do we know about eating contests?
A．All competitors need to eat fast food.
B．They usually last ten minutes or so.
C．Only men are allowed to enter a contest.
D．They are open to competitors of all ages.
B 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的The contests usually last from around 8 to 12 minutes.可知，竞吃比赛通常持续十分钟左右，故选B项。
14．What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A．How to win an eating contest.
B．The history of competitive eating.
C．Safety guidelines from the IFOCE.
D．The disadvantages of eating too much.
A 解析：段落大意题。本段主要讲述了在比赛中获胜需要具备的优势条件，故选A项。
15．What’s the main purpose of the text?
A．To report. B．To advertise.
C．To introduce. D．To warn.
C 解析：写作意图题。作者通过本文主要向我们介绍了竞吃比赛的有关情况，故选C项。
七选五
We all experience hardship and stress(压力) at some point. 1.________
No one can “make” you feel anything.
No one can drive your car unless you give them the keys. How you feel and the way you deal with a situation is a choice.
Look at the situation and ask yourself “Is this something I can change？” 2.________ If the situation cannot be changed, accept it and find ways to deal with it. In this way, stress can be greatly reduced.
Exchange attitude for gratitude(感恩)．
Our attitude has a big influence on how we deal with situations. When in a stressful situation, try exchanging attitude for gratitude. 3.________ Instead of being angry about the traffic, find some gratitude. Look around and think of all the things you can be thankful for.
Relax, relax, relax.
4．________ It will help you relax and make you better prepared to deal with stressful situations when they come.
Many people say they don’t have time to relax, but relaxation does not have to be time-wasting. It can include 5－10 minute breaks of breathing exercises or watching your favorite show for 30 minutes.
Look at the big picture.
Look at your stressful situation from a “big picture” point of view. 5.________ If the answer is no, it’s likely not worth your time and energy.
A．Did you find what works best for you?
B．Stress is different from person to person.
C．When you are stuck in traffic, change your attitude.
D．Try to find something that you enjoy and do it every day.
E．If so, start working on useful ways to change the situation.
F．When dealing with stressful situations, consider the four points below.
G．Ask yourself “How important is this？” and “Will this matter in the long run？”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何应对压力给出了几点建议。
1．F 解析：F项内容引起下文，介绍应对压力时应注意的四个方面。
2．E 解析：E项与下文If the situation cannot be changed, accept it and find ways to deal with it.阐述了针对上面问题Is this something I can change？的两种可能性。
3．C 解析：C项中的change your attitude与本部分小标题中的Exchange attitude相照应，且下文中的traffic复现C项中的traffic。
4．D 解析：D项所描述的事情能给人带来轻松的心情，这点符合本部分小标题Relax, relax, relax.的主旨。且下文中的It指代D项所描述的行为。
5．G 解析：由下文中的If the answer is no可知，本空应填问句；且由下文中的it’s likely not worth your time and energy可推断，问句应涉及带来压力的事情的重要性，故选G项。
完形填空
I woke up this morning with a fright!
There appeared to be a mouse in my bed tickling my nose and 1 scratching me.It had to be a mouse，for those tiny sharp little nails were scratching me all across my 2 ．
It couldn’t have been a(n) 3 as I didn’t own any pets；it couldn’t have been a rat，because if what I had read about rats was 4 ， their sharp teeth could 5 their way through solid stone.They do this because their front teeth never stop growing and this is the only way to keep them 6 ．
I didn’t dare to open my eyes and face the 7 of the disgusting mouse in the bed with me.I felt so dirty and 8 that I didn’t want to change my position either， 9 the mouse would slide onto other areas of my body，which would 10 give me horrible dreams for years to come!
Despite the fears，I finally decided to swiftly 11 the mouse away.But it 12 ！ I did it again and again and it kept coming back，every single time.
There was no way out.I had to face my enemy.I took a breath，gathered my 13 and slowly opened my eyes.To my relief，I saw something far 14 than a mouse and it all came back to me.
I had put my baby daughter Rebecca into bed beside me after her first bottle in the morning!
That also reminded me: I needed to trim (修剪) her 15 ．
【解题导语】 本文讲述了作者早上醒来，感到很惊恐，以为是老鼠在自己的脸上爬来爬去，后来才发现不是老鼠，而是自己的女儿在旁边而已。
1．A.warmly B．lightly
C．wildly D．thoroughly
B 解析：好像有只老鼠在挠我的鼻子，轻轻地挠我。lightly“轻轻地”，符合句意。warmly“温暖地”；wildly“失控地”；thoroughly“彻底地”。
2．A.foot B．hand
C．stomach D．face
D 解析：它的又小又利的指甲在我的脸上抓来抓去。从上文的“nose”可知此处用face。
3．A.mouse B．insect
C．cat D．fly
C 解析：这不可能是一只猫，因为我没有养宠物。四个选项中有可能是宠物的就只有cat。
4．A.true B．suitable
C．interesting D．clear
A 解析：也不可能是大老鼠，因为如果我以前阅读的是真的的话，大老鼠的锋利的牙齿会一路刻下痕迹。
5．A.fight B．pull
C．carve D．wind
C 解析：一路刻下痕迹，意思是大老鼠走到哪里都要用牙齿啃东西。
6．A.strong B．sharp
C．slim D．short
D 解析：大老鼠走到哪里就用牙齿啃到哪里，这是因为他们的门牙会不停地生长，啃东西是保持牙齿不变长的唯一方法。
7．A.horror B．thought
C．risk D．cost
A 解析：我不敢睁开我的眼睛，也不敢面对这种恐惧。下文有“give me horrible dreams for years”，这里也可以看出是我不敢面对这种恐惧。
8．A.tired B．stupid
C．uncomfortable D．disappointed
C 解析：我感到很脏而且不舒服。dirty和uncomfortable并列，因为上文有“disgusting”(恶心)，这个词可以提示我们。
9．A.hoping B．fearing
C．assuming D．doubting
B 解析：我也不敢挪动我的身子，害怕老鼠会滑到我身上其他地方去。下一段有“Despite the fears”作为提示语。
10．A.gradually B．temporarily
C．surely D．hardly
C 解析：这肯定会让我几年都做噩梦的。
11．A.throw B．brush
C．keep D．send
B 解析：我最后还是决定用手像刷子一样快速地掸走这只小老鼠。brush作名词讲时，意为“刷子”。这里用作动词，意为“刷，擦过”。
12．A.returned B．repeated
C．dropped D．stayed
A 解析：但是这只小老鼠又回来了。下一句说“it kept coming back”可以推知答案。
13．A.memories B．thoughts
C．energy D．courage
D 解析：我深吸一口气，鼓足勇气。gathered my courage“鼓足勇气”。memory“记忆”；thought“思想”；energy“精力，能量”。
14．A.softer B．cuter
C．uglier D．worse
B 解析：下文出现了“my baby daughter”，结合常识可知这里应选B项。cute“活泼可爱的”。
15．A.hair B．feet
C．nails D．fingers
C 解析：第一段提到，我脸上有又小又利的指甲挠我，所以应该是我想起了我需要修剪我女儿的指甲。
语法填空
Many of us wake up feeling 1.____________(tire) in the morning. Many of us ignore the problem as the day goes on, 2.____________(forget) that it might have a 3.____________(danger) effect. Society even glorifies “burning the candle at both ends” as 4.____________ sign of our devotion to work and family.
Believe it 5.____________ not, all this bad sleep has far-reaching consequences. We just do not give ourselves enough chances to sleep. A survey of over 74，000 people found 35 percent reported sleeping less than seven hours daily 6.____________average. Furthermore, the amount of sleep 7.____________(change) greatly over the past 15 years.
This lack of sleep can lead to many serious 8.____________(problem)．One study found that 9.____________(simple) limiting yourself to six hours of sleep a night for two weeks had similar effects to staying up all night the night before, 10.____________ could make you perform poorly on a timed attention task.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了很多人睡眠不足的现象和由此导致的一些问题。
1．tired 解析：考查形容词。本句主语是人，故用形容词tired作feeling的表语。
2．forgetting 解析：考查非谓语动词。空处与其逻辑主语Many of us 构成主谓关系，因此用现在分词作状语。
3．dangerous 解析：考查形容词。空后为名词，故用形容词修饰。
4．a 解析：考查冠词。此处表示作为我们对工作和家庭的奉献的一种标志，表泛指，故用a。
5．or 解析：考查固定短语。believe it or not 为固定短语，意为“信不信由你”。
6．on 解析：考查介词。on average 为固定搭配，意为“平均来看，按平均值”。
7．has changed 解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语“over the past 15 years”可知，此处应用现在完成时，且该句的主语是“the amount of sleep”，故谓语动词用单数形式。
8．problems 解析：考查名词复数。空前有many 修饰，且problem为可数名词，故用其复数形式。
9．simply 解析：考查副词。此处修饰非谓语动词 limiting，故应用副词。
10．which 解析：考查定语从句。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，又因关系词在从句中作主语，指代空前的“...limiting...the night before”，故用which。
应用文写作
假定你是李华，五月份要去美国参加“国际文化周”，你的美国笔友Tom来信询问你赴美相关事宜。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括：
1．活动时间、地点；2.活动目的、内容；3.其他个人安排。
注意：1.词数80左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：International Culture Week 国际文化周
Dear Tom，
I’m glad to receive your letter.___________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
I’m looking forward to seeing you.
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear Tom，
I’m glad to receive your letter. To tell the truth, I’m going to America to take part in the International Culture Week, which is scheduled to be held in New York this May. Aiming to promote cultural exchange among different countries, the committee of International Culture Week has planned plenty of exciting activities.
I would like to have some city sightseeing with your company, if you are available during that period of time. I have prepared a surprise gift for you.
I’m looking forward to seeing you.
Yours，
Li Hua
读后续写
Several years ago, I was living in New York and working for an airline, so I never got back home for Christmas. My Christmas was happy too with some other colleagues around. But in my heart I was sad because I couldn’t stay with my family. Sometimes my colleagues would say our Christmas was filled with tears. But this Christmas was different. I was lucky. I had the whole day off, which meant I could stay with my family on Christmas Eve.
When Christmas morning came, I awoke to a small hand rubbing my face. “Dad, Merry Christmas！” was all my younger son had time to say. He seemed to be racing against time. I knew he was hunting for gifts with his brother eagerly. I got downstairs just to see the two little boys’ faces as they looked at the pocket rockets Santa Claus had left them. I realized that the real Christmas was for the children who had deep belief in the amazing power of Santa Claus. At first, their fingers went almost shyly over their toys. When their inspection had been completed, the two boys ensured that the gifts were really delivered by Santa Claus and they dragged everything into the center of the living room.
Delight flooded the room. As their mother began giving out gifts, I smiled to myself, wondering how my unexpected gifts this year would be received. With so many Christmas spent outside, I had prepared so many gifts for my children and together with my wife I hid them in several secret places. But the children were excellent detectives and they found all of them. They were happily opening packages constantly thanking considerate Santa Claus for his kindness and ability to know their desires. But I had not received a single one. I knew they had forgotten my existence with my absence from their Christmas these years.
Paragraph 1：
I had to admit that my disappointment was growing steadily.___________________________
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Paragraph 2：
Suddenly my wife walked up to me._______________________________________________
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One possible version：
Paragraph 1：
I had to admit that my disappointment was growing steadily. I was wondering whether I could get a gift when my younger son ran to me, who was really kind enough to save my face. He asked me to admire his gift which he deeply believed was carefully chosen by Santa Claus. He said happily that he would share some of the gifts of his and allow me to choose one from them. I thanked him from the bottom of my heart, still feeling disappointed.
Paragraph 2：
Suddenly my wife walked up to me. It seemed that she had guessed how I felt. She asked me to look at the Christmas tree which was decorated with so many boxes. I think she was showing off her efforts on the decoration but she took off a small box and passed it to me smiling and saying it was for me. I opened it and saw a letter which read “We will never forget you. Merry Christmas！” Under the letter was a watch which was clicking with delight. I was moved with tears.
《小妇人》是一部以美国南北战争为背景，以19世纪美国新英格兰地区的一个普通家庭中的四个姐妹之间的生活琐事为蓝本的带有自传色彩的家庭伦理小说。
[词句积累]
1．grumble/'ɡr?mbl/v.抱怨；发牢骚
2．stitch/stIt?/v.缝；缝补
3．accompaniment /?'k?mp?nim?nt/n.伴奏；伴随物
4．choir/'kwaI?(r)/n.(教堂的)唱诗班；唱诗队
5．cricket/'krIkIt/n. 板球；蟋蟀
6．croak/kr??k/n.呱呱地叫
7．quaver/'kweIv?(r)/n.颤音
8．They talked over the new plan while old Hannah cleared the table, then out came the four little work baskets, and the needles flew as the girls made sheets for Aunt March.
分析：该句中while old Hannah cleared the table作时间状语，out came将out提前作强调，as the girls made sheets for Aunt March作时间状语。
Little Women (excerpt)
“We were in the Slough of Despond tonight, and Mother came and pulled us out as Help did in the book. We ought to have our roll of directions, like Christian. What shall we do about that？” asked Jo, delighted with the fancy which lent a little romance to the very dull task of doing her duty.
“Look under your pillows Christmas morning, and you will find your guidebook，” replied Mrs March.
They talked over the new plan while old Hannah cleared the table, then out came the four little work baskets, and the needles flew as the girls made sheets for Aunt March. It was uninteresting sewing, but tonight no one grumbled. They adopted Jo’s plan of dividing the long seams into four parts, and calling the quarters Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, and in that way got on capitally, especially when they talked about the different countries as they stitched their way through them.
At nine they stopped work, and sang, as usual, before they went to bed. No one but Beth could get much music out of the old piano, but she had a way of softly touching the yellow keys and making a pleasant accompaniment to the simple songs they sang. Meg had a voice like a flute, and she and her mother led the little choir. Amy chirped like a cricket, and Jo wandered through the airs at her own sweet will, always coming out at the wrong place with a croak or a quaver that spoiled the most pensive tune. They had always done this from the time they could lisp...Twinkle, twinkle, little star, and it had become a household custom, for the mother was a born singer.
《小妇人》(节选)
“我们今晚本来处于‘绝望的深渊’，妈妈像书中的‘帮助’一样来把我们拉了出去。我们应该像基督教徒一样有几本指导手册。这事怎么办好呢？”乔问，为自己的想象力给沉闷的任务添加了几分浪漫色彩而自鸣得意。
“圣诞节一早看看你们的枕下，就会找到指导手册了，”马奇太太说。
当罕娜嬷嬷收拾桌子时，大家开始讨论新计划，然后取出四个装活计的小篮子，姐妹们开始飞针走线，为马奇太太缝制被单。针线活是个沉闷的活儿，不过今天晚上谁也没有抱怨。她们采纳乔的建议，把长长的缝口分为四段，分别称其为欧洲、亚洲、非洲和美洲。这样果然缝得快多了。她们一边缝一边谈论针线穿越的不同国家，更觉进展神速。
九点钟的时候大家停下活儿，像平时那样先唱歌再去睡觉。家里有架老掉牙的钢琴，除了贝思，大家都不太会弹。她轻轻触动泛黄的琴键，大家随着悠扬的琴声唱了起来。梅格的嗓音像芦笛一样动听，她和母亲担任这支小演唱队的领唱。艾美歌声清脆，如蟋蟀的鸣叫，乔则任由歌声在空中飘荡，总是在不适宜的时候冒出个颤音或怪叫声来，把最深沉的曲调给糟蹋掉。打从牙牙学语的时候开始，她们就一直这样唱：一闪一闪亮晶晶，如今这已成了家里的惯例，因为她们的母亲就是个天生的歌唱家。
四大核心素养养成档案
核心素养
具体能力
模块效果评价
问题原因分析
语言能力
词汇的识记能力、语言的运用能力
文化品格
对中外文化的理解与鉴赏能力
思维品质
用英语进行分析、概括与推断的能力
学习能力
自我选用学习策略、方法和评价的能力
课件40张PPT。Unit 6 Disaster and hopeWhen asked how to get to the train stationif necessaryas much as we used toNo matter how frequently performedIf done carefullyWhile walking along the streetWhen possibleas if in search of somethingThough tiredtold himnot toUnless invited to speakhopes toOnce lostWhenever possiblebetter thanexpectedrespondassistancewoundcheck outpay attention toIt is knowing how to respond properly thatHere are some rules that you can follow.If necessary按ESC键退出全屏播放本部分内容讲解结束
单句语法填空
1．He intends to leave the company.If so，we will find a person to replace him.
2．He succeeded in solving all the problems as expected(expect)．
3．While visiting(visit) the city, they received a warm welcome.
4．Though tired(tire), they went on working in order to finish the task on time.
5．— Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?
— Yes, if possible (possibility), I’m going to visit some old people’s homes.
6．If given(give) enough time, I can write the article better.
7．We didn’t do anything but stay(stay) at home watching TV yesterday.
8．While walking(walk) along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.
9．The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make(make) it more difficult.
10．Generally speaking, when taken(take) according to the instructions, the drug has no side effects.
阅读理解
A
Forces other than damaging winds are also at work inside tornadoes. Sometimes, as the wind passes a house, the walls and ceiling burst apart as if a bomb had gone off inside. This explosion(爆炸) is caused by the low air pressure(压力) at the center of a tornado.
The pressure at the center of a tornado is usually 13 pounds per square inch. However, inside the house the air pressure is normal, about 15 pounds per square inch. The difference of 2 pounds per square inch between the inside and outside pressure may not seem like much. But suppose a tornado passes over a small building that measures 20 by 10 by 10 feet. On each square inch of the building, there is 2 pounds of pressure from the inside that is not balanced by air pressure outside the building. On the ceiling, that adds up to an unbalanced pressure of 57，600 pounds. The pressure of the four walls adds up to 172，800 pounds.
If windows are open in the building, some of the inside air will rush out through them. This will balance the pressure inside and outside the building. But if the windows are shut tightly, the huge inside pressure may cause the building to burst.
Unfortunately, heavy rain often occurs in the storms that later produce tornadoes, so people often shut their windows. This may cause far worse damage later.
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述龙卷风除了具有破坏力极大的风之外，多种力也作用于其内部。
1．What did the paragraph before this passage most probably discuss?
A．Measuring rainfall from a storm.
B．The powerful winds of tornadoes.
C．The kinds of damage caused by explosions.
D．Repairing the damage from tornadoes.
C 解析：推理判断题。文章一开始就谈到龙卷风发生时，内部的低压引起的“爆炸”会造成墙倒屋塌。在此之前很可能谈论的是“爆炸”所引起的各种破坏程度。
2．Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?
A．How tornadoes can be prevented.
B．When tornadoes usually occur.
C．Where tornadoes are formed.
D．Why tornadoes cause so much damage.
D 解析：主旨大意题。文章主要是围绕龙卷风造成破坏的原因来展开的。
3．What is the difference per square inch between the air pressure inside a building and the air pressure inside a tornado?
A．2 pounds. B．10 pounds.
C．13 pounds. D．15 pounds.
A 解析：数字计算题。根据第二段内容，尤其是第三句“The difference of 2 pounds per square inch between the inside and outside pressure may not seem like much.”可知建筑物每平方英寸的气压之差是2磅。
4．Why do people shut windows when tornadoes occur?
A．Because the wind is strong.
B．Because there is heavy rain.
C．Because the weather is foggy.
D．Because the weather is cold.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知答案。
B
If anyone who has ridden a horse for any length of time told you they have never felt any fear, they would be dishonest. You may prefer to call it “respect” instead of fear, but it’s always a fact that the 1，000-pound or so animal you are sitting on is, physically, more powerful than you are.
A bad experience, usually something that cannot be avoided no matter what the rider does, can turn healthy respect to fear. Once a rider has been physically hurt, it will take him/her a while to rebuild confidence. The old idea promised that if you just got right back on again, everything would be fine. However, suppressing(抑制) fear seldom works. Besides, suppressing fear doesn’t help to tell the rider to “just get over it”．
Fear is usually related to the rider’s skill level. The best way to overcome riding fears is to work on developing good riding skills. Having good riding skills gives the rider the confidence that he or she has the ability to ride a horse and to deal with anything the horse might do. Riders also need to develop habits that allow them to stay mentally and emotionally calm in a relaxed way when their horse becomes excited or frightened. Their partners also have to keep calm in order to bring the other back to that state.
It is hard to get past your fear when you work by yourself. Finding an experienced instructor who knows your confidence crisis(危机) is important. You need someone who understands how to back up and find the point where you are comfortably riding. Having the right horse can also be important when you are learning to ride horse and trying to rebuild confidence. We are fortunate here at Meredith Manor to have 130 to 150 horses to choose from when our instructors sit down to make weekly horse assignment(分配) for each learner.
【解题导语】 学骑马的时候心里害怕很正常，作者在本文提供了几点建议来帮助骑马者克服这种情绪。
5．What does the author want to show in paragraph 1?
A．Horses are really powerful.
B．Some horse riders can be dishonest.
C．It’s common for horse riders to fear.
D．Horse riders should respect their horses.
C 解析：段落大意题。根据第一段的内容可知，本段主要是在阐释：每个骑过马的人都曾感到过害怕，这是很普遍的事情。
6．According to the old idea, after a bad horse riding experience, we should ________．
A．try horse riding again at once
B．tell ourselves to just get over it
C．turn our fears into healthy respect
D．avoid riding a horse for some time
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的The old idea promised that if you just got right back on again, everything would be fine.可知，老观点认为，一次失败的经历之后，我们可以通过立即再次尝试来克服恐惧。
7．What does the author think is the best way to overcome riding fears?
A．Improving our horse riding skills.
B．Learning to stay calm in an accident.
C．Finding the point of comfortably riding.
D．Seeking help from an experienced partner.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的The best way to overcome riding fears is to work on developing good riding skills.可知，作者认为克服骑马恐惧最好的方法是提升骑马的技巧。
语法填空
A few months ago，I left my hometown for Canada to study. I felt nervous because I was going to 1.____________ new place with new people. What worried me at first was that I couldn’t speak English 2.____________(fluent)，and I also couldn’t understand 3.____________(they) customs. Everything was different 4.____________ my own country. I had to deal with everything alone.
It was a sad moment 5.____________ I had to say goodbye to my family and friends at the airport. Suddenly，I felt unwilling 6.____________(leave)my hometown because I grew up there and had wonderful 7.____________(memory) of the familiar place. However，I knew studying abroad was a 8.____________(decide) that I made myself. I had to accept the challenge.
By now I 9.____________(get) used to the new life here already，though I’m looking forward to 10.____________(spend) the coming vacation with my old friends back home.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者回忆要离开家乡到加拿大学习时的不舍和担忧，并且现在已经适应了国外的新生活。
1．a 解析：考查冠词。句中不定冠词a修饰new place，表示泛指。
2．fluently 解析：考查副词。用副词fluently作状语修饰动词speak。
3．their 解析：考查代词。句中名词customs前面应该使用形容词性物主代词作定语，所以要填their。
4．from 解析：考查介词。短语be different from意为“和……不同”，my own country作介词from的宾语。
5．when 解析：考查关系副词。定语从句的先行词是a sad moment，是表示时间的名词短语，并且定语从句结构完整，所以要用关系副词when引导。
6．to leave 解析：考查非谓语动词。短语be/feel unwilling to do sth.意为“不愿意做某事”，所以要填to leave。
7．memories 解析：考查名词复数。名词memory意为“回忆，记忆”，是可数名词，句中应该使用复数形式表示很多美好的回忆。
8．decision 解析：考查词性转换。不定冠词a的后面通常要接名词，句中应该使用动词decide的名词形式，所以要填decision。
9．have got 解析：考查动词的时态。句中时间状语By now要和现在完成时连用，所以要填have got。
10．spending 解析：考查非谓语动词。动词短语look forward to意为“期待”，其中to是介词，后面要接动名词作宾语，故填spending。
应用文写作
你校英文报“Safety guidelines”栏目现面向全校学生公开征集稿件，你有意参加。请你根据图片内容，用英语写一篇短文，介绍如何给溺水者实施急救。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________________________
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One possible version：
If you find someone drowning, knowing some first aid knowledge can make a big difference. The steps are as follows.
First of all, get the drowning person out of the water as quickly as possible. Then, check if the person can breathe. If not, you’d better try to start his or her breathing immediately, using the mouth-to-mouth method. Meanwhile, do remember to call for help. Continue performing first aid and don’t stop until the ambulance arrives.
Seconds count in a situation where you find someone drowning, and knowing what to do can mean the difference between life and death.
综合达标检测
阅读理解
A
Field trip guide
Where: Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge
Contact: Susan Kain 208-467-9278
Suitability: Adults(成年人), Teens
Looking for volunteers (18 or older) to help at a station for our Discover Wildlife Journeys field trip for 4th－6th graders! No teaching experience necessary. All training provided.
The field trips are on Tuesdays through Thursdays in September and October.
Sales clerk
Where: Hiram M. Chittenden Locks
Contact: Volunteer Clearinghouse 800-865-8337
Suitability: Adults
A volunteer job with Discover Your Northwest is open for part-time work year round. Volunteers will help customers and provide cashier(出纳员) duties in a small bookstore in the Class A visitor center at the Hiram M. Chittenden Locks.
RV volunteer
Where: Natchez National Historical Park
Contact: Melissa Tynes 601-446-5790
Suitability: Adults, Groups, Family
There are many chances at Natchez National Historical Park, including Visitor Center Assistant, Gardener, Tour Guide, etc. Two RV sites have just been added! We require at least 32 hours of service a week, per site, and at least 3 months of volunteer service. Volunteers should have the ability to communicate with visitors of different age groups and cultures.
Visitor Center host
Where: Kingsley Plantation
Contact: Emily Palmer 904-251-3537
Suitability: Adults
Volunteers provide services to park visitors on a daily basis. Primary duties include greeting visitors in the Visitor Center, answering questions about the park, making sales, answering phone calls, etc.
Skills needed：Good communication skills and an interest in natural and cultural history.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四项志愿者工作。
1．What is a requirement for volunteering as field trip guides?
A．Volunteers must work daily.
B．Teaching experience is a must.
C．Volunteers must be at least 18 years old.
D．3 months of volunteer service is required.
C 解析：细节理解题。由Field trip guide部分中的Looking for volunteers (18 or older)可知，该志愿者工作要求申请者年满18岁。
2．Which number should you call if you want to volunteer in a bookstore?
A．208-467-9278. B．800-865-8337.
C．601-446-5790. D．904-251-3537.
B 解析：细节理解题。由Sales clerk部分中的Volunteers will help...in a small bookstore和Contact: Volunteer Clearinghouse 800-865-8337可得出正确答案。
3．Which of the following is suitable for family volunteers?
A．Field trip guide. B．Sales clerk.
C．RV volunteer. D．Visitor Center host.
C 解析：细节理解题。由RV volunteer部分中的Suitability: Adults, Groups, Family可知，该项志愿者工作适合家庭参加。
B
I always wanted to be a firefighter. It seemed exciting to me. I like to be outside, lift heavy things and sleep on the ground!
In college, I got a job with the forest service. My first week on the job, they asked if I wanted to get my red card (training for forest fires). I said yes!
The training was a week long. I learned about the different types of fire crews(工作人员) and I remember the instructor saying hotshots were the top dogs. He said they had the most difficult and dangerous job and that you had to really prove yourself in order to be a hotshot. I was sold. I didn’t want to do anything else!
However, hotshot crews don’t hire(雇用) people without fire experience. I returned home from training to Logan where the Logan Hotshots are based. I walked in and told the boss I wanted to be a hotshot and they should keep me in mind if they needed anyone.
The very next day I got a note saying the Hotshots were looking for me! A woman on their crew got injured and they needed a replacement...they were headed to a fire that day. They thought of me because I had just been there the day before.
We arrived at the fire near Provo, Utah at about 10 pm that night. We ended up working 40 hours, digging fire lines. I think I fell asleep standing up against my tool at one point.
My feet were covered in blisters(水泡) and the helicopter(直升机) that was supposed to pick us up at the top of the mountain broke down and we had to walk miles!
To my delight, the crew liked me and hired me after that. I also met my husband that night! How cool is that!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者介绍了自己成为一名hotshot消防员的经历。
4．What kind of person is the author?
A．Easy-going. B．Risk-loving.
C．Well-organized. D．Simple-minded.
B 解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的I like to be outside, sleep on the ground和第三段中的He said they had the most difficult and dangerous job可知，作者喜欢到户外、喜欢冒险。
5．When did the author decide to become a hotshot?
A．When she started college.
B．After she returned to Logan.
C．When she did her red card training.
D．After she finished the forest service.
C 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的I was sold. I didn’t want to do anything else！并结合第二段可知，作者在接受“红卡”培训时，知道了hotshot这一类消防员，于是下定决心从事这份工作。
6．Why did the Logan Hotshots send a note to the author?
A．They were short of persons.
B．They wanted to test her skills.
C．They were satisfied with her ability.
D．They thought she was rich in fire experience.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第五段中的A woman on their crew got injured and they needed a replacement可知，因为一名女消防员受伤了，所以他们通知作者加入他们去灭火。
7．How did the author find the firefighting that night?
A．Dangerous. B．Exciting.
C．Hard. D．Unsuccessful.
C 解析：推理判断题。由倒数第二、三段可知，工作时间长、累得站着都能睡着、脚上起了水泡还得继续走路，这些都说明这次灭火任务比较艰巨。
C
When Hanadi was 4, her school was destroyed in the civil war. Soon after, her family left Syria to live as refugees(难民) in nearby Lebanon. Hanadi joined a school there but was fearful to go. Her experience is not unusual. There are now nearly 25.4 million refugees around the world, according to the United Nations refugee agency. About half are children. Most refugees today are from Syria, where civil war broke out in 2011.
To help kids affected by the situation, Sesame Street and the International Rescue Committee(IRC) have teamed up to create a new version(版本) of Sesame Street especially for Syrian refugees, using Puppets(木偶) as teachers. “We don’t just want to help children learn letters and numbers，” said Sherrie Westin, who works at Sesame Workshop. “We want to help them feel less alone.”
There are more than 150 international versions of Sesame Street. In Germany, kids watch Sesamstrasse, while Mexico has Plaza Sésamo. Each version includes maths and spelling lessons. Some characters are the same as in the American version. But other things are different：The Puppets speak the local language and wear local clothes.
The new version will include situations that are familiar to Syrian refugee kids. Some of the Puppets, for example, may have been forced to leave their home. “Kids can watch the Puppets work through big problems the kids are dealing with themselves，” the IRC’s Sarah Smith says.
For the world’s 12 million refugee children, there is little chance to receive good education. And even if kids go to school, they may have fallen behind in their studies. Often, they are traumatized(使受精神创伤) by what they’ve been through.
The new Sesame Street will meet the public. Sesame Workshop expects that more than 9 million children will be able to watch the show on a TV, computer, or mobile phone. Hanadi may be one of them.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。少儿节目《芝麻街》为帮助难民儿童正在制作一个新版系列，让孩子们在学习科学知识的同时，获得心灵上的抚慰。
8．What happened to 4-year-old Hanadi?
A．She dropped out of school.
B．She was injured in the war.
C．She fell behind in her studies.
D．She became afraid to go to school.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的Hanadi joined a school there but was fearful to go.可知，Hanadi在新学校注册了，但是不敢去上学。
9．Why was the new version of Sesame Street created?
A．To increase the show’s popularity.
B．To improve education in poor areas.
C．To help refugee kids get through hard times.
D．To teach kids who can’t afford to go to school.
C 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的To help kids affected by the situation和We don’t just want to help...them feel less alone.可知，制作新版《芝麻街》是为了帮助难民儿童学习知识的同时，抚慰他们孤独的心灵，以帮助他们度过艰难的时光。
10．What do different versions of Sesame Street have in common?
A．They all teach maths and spelling.
B．They were all named Sesame Street.
C．The characters are exactly the same.
D．The characters wear the same clothes.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的Each version includes maths and spelling lessons.可知，每个版本的节目都含有数学和拼写课程。
11．What can we learn about the new version of Sesame Street?
A．The story happens in Syria.
B．It will appear on the screen.
C．It will hopefully reach 12 million children.
D．The idea was brought up by Sherrie Westin.
B 解析：细节理解题。由最后一段可知，新版节目将与公众见面，届时数百万儿童将能够通过电视、电脑或手机观看该节目。
D
Competitive eating has become big business.The International Federation of Competitive Eating(IFOCE) holds events for competitive eating all around the world. One of the most popular contests(竞赛) is held every 4th of July on Coney Island in New York. Nathan’s Hot Dog Eating Contest started in 1916 and the event has been dominated(占据优势) by Takeru Kobayashi. The Japanese competitor set his first record in 2001, when he ate 50 hot dogs in 12 minutes and has won the contest six years in a row.
The main types of food eaten in the contests are fast food. Hot dogs, chicken wings, pickles, corndogs and pizza are main foods of the contests. The contests usually last from around 8 to 12 minutes. Now most of the competitors are men, but there are also women who take part in competitive eating.
Being large and overweight isn’t necessarily an advantage in competitive eating. The biggest advantage a competitor can have is the ability to actually stretch(扩张) their stomach. Many competitors will drink plenty of water over a period of time in order to achieve this. Apart from having an unusually stretchable stomach, another important thing seems to be the speed from hand to mouth.
The IFOCE has very strict safety guidelines laid out regarding competitive eating. Competitions must take place in a controlled area and only competitors over the age of 18 are allowed to enter. They also advise against any type of home training. There has been much talk regarding the inclusion of competitive eating as an Olympic sport. Although the IFOCE has talked about that with the Olympic Committee, it seems that they will not agree to it at present.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了竞吃比赛的有关情况。
12．Nathan’s Hot Dog Eating Contest________．
A．has a history of over 200 years
B．takes place once a year in Japan
C．is becoming less popular than before
D．has made Takeru Kobayashi famous
D 解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的The Japanese competitor set his first record in 2001...has won the contest six years in a row.可知，Takeru Kobayashi在美国纽约的内森国际吃热狗大赛上连夺六届冠军，这使得他名声远扬，故选D项。
13．What do we know about eating contests?
A．All competitors need to eat fast food.
B．They usually last ten minutes or so.
C．Only men are allowed to enter a contest.
D．They are open to competitors of all ages.
B 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的The contests usually last from around 8 to 12 minutes.可知，竞吃比赛通常持续十分钟左右，故选B项。
14．What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A．How to win an eating contest.
B．The history of competitive eating.
C．Safety guidelines from the IFOCE.
D．The disadvantages of eating too much.
A 解析：段落大意题。本段主要讲述了在比赛中获胜需要具备的优势条件，故选A项。
15．What’s the main purpose of the text?
A．To report. B．To advertise.
C．To introduce. D．To warn.
C 解析：写作意图题。作者通过本文主要向我们介绍了竞吃比赛的有关情况，故选C项。
七选五
We all experience hardship and stress(压力) at some point. 1.________
No one can “make” you feel anything.
No one can drive your car unless you give them the keys. How you feel and the way you deal with a situation is a choice.
Look at the situation and ask yourself “Is this something I can change？” 2.________ If the situation cannot be changed, accept it and find ways to deal with it. In this way, stress can be greatly reduced.
Exchange attitude for gratitude(感恩)．
Our attitude has a big influence on how we deal with situations. When in a stressful situation, try exchanging attitude for gratitude. 3.________ Instead of being angry about the traffic, find some gratitude. Look around and think of all the things you can be thankful for.
Relax, relax, relax.
4．________ It will help you relax and make you better prepared to deal with stressful situations when they come.
Many people say they don’t have time to relax, but relaxation does not have to be time-wasting. It can include 5－10 minute breaks of breathing exercises or watching your favorite show for 30 minutes.
Look at the big picture.
Look at your stressful situation from a “big picture” point of view. 5.________ If the answer is no, it’s likely not worth your time and energy.
A．Did you find what works best for you?
B．Stress is different from person to person.
C．When you are stuck in traffic, change your attitude.
D．Try to find something that you enjoy and do it every day.
E．If so, start working on useful ways to change the situation.
F．When dealing with stressful situations, consider the four points below.
G．Ask yourself “How important is this？” and “Will this matter in the long run？”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何应对压力给出了几点建议。
1．F 解析：F项内容引起下文，介绍应对压力时应注意的四个方面。
2．E 解析：E项与下文If the situation cannot be changed, accept it and find ways to deal with it.阐述了针对上面问题Is this something I can change？的两种可能性。
3．C 解析：C项中的change your attitude与本部分小标题中的Exchange attitude相照应，且下文中的traffic复现C项中的traffic。
4．D 解析：D项所描述的事情能给人带来轻松的心情，这点符合本部分小标题Relax, relax, relax.的主旨。且下文中的It指代D项所描述的行为。
5．G 解析：由下文中的If the answer is no可知，本空应填问句；且由下文中的it’s likely not worth your time and energy可推断，问句应涉及带来压力的事情的重要性，故选G项。
完形填空
I woke up this morning with a fright!
There appeared to be a mouse in my bed tickling my nose and 1 scratching me.It had to be a mouse，for those tiny sharp little nails were scratching me all across my 2 ．
It couldn’t have been a(n) 3 as I didn’t own any pets；it couldn’t have been a rat，because if what I had read about rats was 4 ， their sharp teeth could 5 their way through solid stone.They do this because their front teeth never stop growing and this is the only way to keep them 6 ．
I didn’t dare to open my eyes and face the 7 of the disgusting mouse in the bed with me.I felt so dirty and 8 that I didn’t want to change my position either， 9 the mouse would slide onto other areas of my body，which would 10 give me horrible dreams for years to come!
Despite the fears，I finally decided to swiftly 11 the mouse away.But it 12 ！ I did it again and again and it kept coming back，every single time.
There was no way out.I had to face my enemy.I took a breath，gathered my 13 and slowly opened my eyes.To my relief，I saw something far 14 than a mouse and it all came back to me.
I had put my baby daughter Rebecca into bed beside me after her first bottle in the morning!
That also reminded me: I needed to trim (修剪) her 15 ．
【解题导语】 本文讲述了作者早上醒来，感到很惊恐，以为是老鼠在自己的脸上爬来爬去，后来才发现不是老鼠，而是自己的女儿在旁边而已。
1．A.warmly B．lightly
C．wildly D．thoroughly
B 解析：好像有只老鼠在挠我的鼻子，轻轻地挠我。lightly“轻轻地”，符合句意。warmly“温暖地”；wildly“失控地”；thoroughly“彻底地”。
2．A.foot B．hand
C．stomach D．face
D 解析：它的又小又利的指甲在我的脸上抓来抓去。从上文的“nose”可知此处用face。
3．A.mouse B．insect
C．cat D．fly
C 解析：这不可能是一只猫，因为我没有养宠物。四个选项中有可能是宠物的就只有cat。
4．A.true B．suitable
C．interesting D．clear
A 解析：也不可能是大老鼠，因为如果我以前阅读的是真的的话，大老鼠的锋利的牙齿会一路刻下痕迹。
5．A.fight B．pull
C．carve D．wind
C 解析：一路刻下痕迹，意思是大老鼠走到哪里都要用牙齿啃东西。
6．A.strong B．sharp
C．slim D．short
D 解析：大老鼠走到哪里就用牙齿啃到哪里，这是因为他们的门牙会不停地生长，啃东西是保持牙齿不变长的唯一方法。
7．A.horror B．thought
C．risk D．cost
A 解析：我不敢睁开我的眼睛，也不敢面对这种恐惧。下文有“give me horrible dreams for years”，这里也可以看出是我不敢面对这种恐惧。
8．A.tired B．stupid
C．uncomfortable D．disappointed
C 解析：我感到很脏而且不舒服。dirty和uncomfortable并列，因为上文有“disgusting”(恶心)，这个词可以提示我们。
9．A.hoping B．fearing
C．assuming D．doubting
B 解析：我也不敢挪动我的身子，害怕老鼠会滑到我身上其他地方去。下一段有“Despite the fears”作为提示语。
10．A.gradually B．temporarily
C．surely D．hardly
C 解析：这肯定会让我几年都做噩梦的。
11．A.throw B．brush
C．keep D．send
B 解析：我最后还是决定用手像刷子一样快速地掸走这只小老鼠。brush作名词讲时，意为“刷子”。这里用作动词，意为“刷，擦过”。
12．A.returned B．repeated
C．dropped D．stayed
A 解析：但是这只小老鼠又回来了。下一句说“it kept coming back”可以推知答案。
13．A.memories B．thoughts
C．energy D．courage
D 解析：我深吸一口气，鼓足勇气。gathered my courage“鼓足勇气”。memory“记忆”；thought“思想”；energy“精力，能量”。
14．A.softer B．cuter
C．uglier D．worse
B 解析：下文出现了“my baby daughter”，结合常识可知这里应选B项。cute“活泼可爱的”。
15．A.hair B．feet
C．nails D．fingers
C 解析：第一段提到，我脸上有又小又利的指甲挠我，所以应该是我想起了我需要修剪我女儿的指甲。
语法填空
Many of us wake up feeling 1.____________(tire) in the morning. Many of us ignore the problem as the day goes on, 2.____________(forget) that it might have a 3.____________(danger) effect. Society even glorifies “burning the candle at both ends” as 4.____________ sign of our devotion to work and family.
Believe it 5.____________ not, all this bad sleep has far-reaching consequences. We just do not give ourselves enough chances to sleep. A survey of over 74，000 people found 35 percent reported sleeping less than seven hours daily 6.____________average. Furthermore, the amount of sleep 7.____________(change) greatly over the past 15 years.
This lack of sleep can lead to many serious 8.____________(problem)．One study found that 9.____________(simple) limiting yourself to six hours of sleep a night for two weeks had similar effects to staying up all night the night before, 10.____________ could make you perform poorly on a timed attention task.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了很多人睡眠不足的现象和由此导致的一些问题。
1．tired 解析：考查形容词。本句主语是人，故用形容词tired作feeling的表语。
2．forgetting 解析：考查非谓语动词。空处与其逻辑主语Many of us 构成主谓关系，因此用现在分词作状语。
3．dangerous 解析：考查形容词。空后为名词，故用形容词修饰。
4．a 解析：考查冠词。此处表示作为我们对工作和家庭的奉献的一种标志，表泛指，故用a。
5．or 解析：考查固定短语。believe it or not 为固定短语，意为“信不信由你”。
6．on 解析：考查介词。on average 为固定搭配，意为“平均来看，按平均值”。
7．has changed 解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语“over the past 15 years”可知，此处应用现在完成时，且该句的主语是“the amount of sleep”，故谓语动词用单数形式。
8．problems 解析：考查名词复数。空前有many 修饰，且problem为可数名词，故用其复数形式。
9．simply 解析：考查副词。此处修饰非谓语动词 limiting，故应用副词。
10．which 解析：考查定语从句。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，又因关系词在从句中作主语，指代空前的“...limiting...the night before”，故用which。
应用文写作
假定你是李华，五月份要去美国参加“国际文化周”，你的美国笔友Tom来信询问你赴美相关事宜。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括：
1．活动时间、地点；2.活动目的、内容；3.其他个人安排。
注意：1.词数80左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：International Culture Week 国际文化周
Dear Tom，
I’m glad to receive your letter.___________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
I’m looking forward to seeing you.
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear Tom，
I’m glad to receive your letter. To tell the truth, I’m going to America to take part in the International Culture Week, which is scheduled to be held in New York this May. Aiming to promote cultural exchange among different countries, the committee of International Culture Week has planned plenty of exciting activities.
I would like to have some city sightseeing with your company, if you are available during that period of time. I have prepared a surprise gift for you.
I’m looking forward to seeing you.
Yours，
Li Hua
读后续写
Several years ago, I was living in New York and working for an airline, so I never got back home for Christmas. My Christmas was happy too with some other colleagues around. But in my heart I was sad because I couldn’t stay with my family. Sometimes my colleagues would say our Christmas was filled with tears. But this Christmas was different. I was lucky. I had the whole day off, which meant I could stay with my family on Christmas Eve.
When Christmas morning came, I awoke to a small hand rubbing my face. “Dad, Merry Christmas！” was all my younger son had time to say. He seemed to be racing against time. I knew he was hunting for gifts with his brother eagerly. I got downstairs just to see the two little boys’ faces as they looked at the pocket rockets Santa Claus had left them. I realized that the real Christmas was for the children who had deep belief in the amazing power of Santa Claus. At first, their fingers went almost shyly over their toys. When their inspection had been completed, the two boys ensured that the gifts were really delivered by Santa Claus and they dragged everything into the center of the living room.
Delight flooded the room. As their mother began giving out gifts, I smiled to myself, wondering how my unexpected gifts this year would be received. With so many Christmas spent outside, I had prepared so many gifts for my children and together with my wife I hid them in several secret places. But the children were excellent detectives and they found all of them. They were happily opening packages constantly thanking considerate Santa Claus for his kindness and ability to know their desires. But I had not received a single one. I knew they had forgotten my existence with my absence from their Christmas these years.
Paragraph 1：
I had to admit that my disappointment was growing steadily.___________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
Suddenly my wife walked up to me._______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Paragraph 1：
I had to admit that my disappointment was growing steadily. I was wondering whether I could get a gift when my younger son ran to me, who was really kind enough to save my face. He asked me to admire his gift which he deeply believed was carefully chosen by Santa Claus. He said happily that he would share some of the gifts of his and allow me to choose one from them. I thanked him from the bottom of my heart, still feeling disappointed.
Paragraph 2：
Suddenly my wife walked up to me. It seemed that she had guessed how I felt. She asked me to look at the Christmas tree which was decorated with so many boxes. I think she was showing off her efforts on the decoration but she took off a small box and passed it to me smiling and saying it was for me. I opened it and saw a letter which read “We will never forget you. Merry Christmas！” Under the letter was a watch which was clicking with delight. I was moved with tears.
《小妇人》是一部以美国南北战争为背景，以19世纪美国新英格兰地区的一个普通家庭中的四个姐妹之间的生活琐事为蓝本的带有自传色彩的家庭伦理小说。
[词句积累]
1．grumble/'ɡr?mbl/v.抱怨；发牢骚
2．stitch/stIt?/v.缝；缝补
3．accompaniment /?'k?mp?nim?nt/n.伴奏；伴随物
4．choir/'kwaI?(r)/n.(教堂的)唱诗班；唱诗队
5．cricket/'krIkIt/n. 板球；蟋蟀
6．croak/kr??k/n.呱呱地叫
7．quaver/'kweIv?(r)/n.颤音
8．They talked over the new plan while old Hannah cleared the table, then out came the four little work baskets, and the needles flew as the girls made sheets for Aunt March.
分析：该句中while old Hannah cleared the table作时间状语，out came将out提前作强调，as the girls made sheets for Aunt March作时间状语。
Little Women (excerpt)
“We were in the Slough of Despond tonight, and Mother came and pulled us out as Help did in the book. We ought to have our roll of directions, like Christian. What shall we do about that？” asked Jo, delighted with the fancy which lent a little romance to the very dull task of doing her duty.
“Look under your pillows Christmas morning, and you will find your guidebook，” replied Mrs March.
They talked over the new plan while old Hannah cleared the table, then out came the four little work baskets, and the needles flew as the girls made sheets for Aunt March. It was uninteresting sewing, but tonight no one grumbled. They adopted Jo’s plan of dividing the long seams into four parts, and calling the quarters Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, and in that way got on capitally, especially when they talked about the different countries as they stitched their way through them.
At nine they stopped work, and sang, as usual, before they went to bed. No one but Beth could get much music out of the old piano, but she had a way of softly touching the yellow keys and making a pleasant accompaniment to the simple songs they sang. Meg had a voice like a flute, and she and her mother led the little choir. Amy chirped like a cricket, and Jo wandered through the airs at her own sweet will, always coming out at the wrong place with a croak or a quaver that spoiled the most pensive tune. They had always done this from the time they could lisp...Twinkle, twinkle, little star, and it had become a household custom, for the mother was a born singer.
《小妇人》(节选)
“我们今晚本来处于‘绝望的深渊’，妈妈像书中的‘帮助’一样来把我们拉了出去。我们应该像基督教徒一样有几本指导手册。这事怎么办好呢？”乔问，为自己的想象力给沉闷的任务添加了几分浪漫色彩而自鸣得意。
“圣诞节一早看看你们的枕下，就会找到指导手册了，”马奇太太说。
当罕娜嬷嬷收拾桌子时，大家开始讨论新计划，然后取出四个装活计的小篮子，姐妹们开始飞针走线，为马奇太太缝制被单。针线活是个沉闷的活儿，不过今天晚上谁也没有抱怨。她们采纳乔的建议，把长长的缝口分为四段，分别称其为欧洲、亚洲、非洲和美洲。这样果然缝得快多了。她们一边缝一边谈论针线穿越的不同国家，更觉进展神速。
九点钟的时候大家停下活儿，像平时那样先唱歌再去睡觉。家里有架老掉牙的钢琴，除了贝思，大家都不太会弹。她轻轻触动泛黄的琴键，大家随着悠扬的琴声唱了起来。梅格的嗓音像芦笛一样动听，她和母亲担任这支小演唱队的领唱。艾美歌声清脆，如蟋蟀的鸣叫，乔则任由歌声在空中飘荡，总是在不适宜的时候冒出个颤音或怪叫声来，把最深沉的曲调给糟蹋掉。打从牙牙学语的时候开始，她们就一直这样唱：一闪一闪亮晶晶，如今这已成了家里的惯例，因为她们的母亲就是个天生的歌唱家。
四大核心素养养成档案
核心素养
具体能力
模块效果评价
问题原因分析
语言能力
词汇的识记能力、语言的运用能力
文化品格
对中外文化的理解与鉴赏能力
思维品质
用英语进行分析、概括与推断的能力
学习能力
自我选用学习策略、方法和评价的能力
重点单词
重点词汇夯实练
1.①I was going along the street looking for a place to park when an accident occurred(occur)．
②When he lost his way in the forest last week, it occurred to her to phone(phone) the police.
③It occurred to him that he had an important meeting to attend the next morning.
2.①We all held our breath while Mr.Evans announced (announce) the exam results.
②The talks are continuing, but no announcements (announce) are expected at this time.
3.①(朗文辞典)Because of the big flood, hundreds of people are still in the water, waiting to be rescued(rescue)．
②Three children were rescued from the burning house by the brave firefighters yesterday.
③The boy who fell into the river would have died if the young man hadn’t come to his/the rescue.
4.①Earthquakes have claimed(claim) more than 1.6 million lives in the last hundred years.
②a.He claimed to be(be) a scholar but was not such.
b．Tom claimed to have seen(see) an alien，but no one believed him.
③It is claimed that(据说) some teachers in our school are working 90 hours a week.
重点短语
会书写
1.pick up 捡起，拿起
2．compared to/with 和……比起来；与……相比
3．make it to 及时赶到……
4．look through 浏览
5．after all 终究；毕竟
6．consist of 由……组成
7．result in/lead to 导致
8．all of a sudden 突然
9．keep on (doing sth.) 继续(做某事)
10．have yet to 还没有
会应用
1.The neighbours asked them to stop making noise, but they still kept on．
2．Compared to/with other good students，in my opinion，Tom is a more satisfying student.
3．I looked through today’s newspaper but I found nothing important.
4．The children picked up many sea shells at the seashore.
5．The audience present at yesterday’s dancing party consisted of people of different ages.
重点句型
句式
仿写
1. now that＋原因状语从句
(教材P63)Now that it’s hard to avoid a disaster on Earth, perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space...
既然你已经长大了，你可以自己做决定了。
Now(that) you have grown up, you can make up your mind by yourself.
2.the moment＋时间状语从句
(教材P69)He had disappeared the moment the storm hit.
我哥哥苦读四年之后获得了文凭(diploma)，那一刻他欣喜万分。
The moment my brother gained his diploma after four years of hard work，he was filled with joy.
3.独立主格
(教材P69)Now we have another chance to look up at the stars of New Orleans, their beauty inspiring us and giving us confidence to move on.
如果天气允许，我们明天去踢足球。
Weather permitting, we are going to play football tomorrow.
单元语法
完成句子(用省略结构)
1．少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
Work hard when (you are) young, or you’ll regret.
2．他妹妹订的那张票已送到了他那里。
The ticket (that/which was) booked by his sister has been sent to him.
3．他说他不能马上告诉你，你是不会理解的。
He said (that) he couldn’t tell you right away and that you wouldn’t understand．
4．加热的时候冰可以变成水。
When (it is) heated, ice can be turned into water.
5. ——你下星期能来吗？
—Can you come next week？
——恐怕我不能来。
—I’m afraid not．
课件13张PPT。occurredto phoneItannouncedannouncementsto be rescuedfromhis/thehave claimedto beto have seenIt is claimed thatpick upcompared to/withmake it tolook throughafter allconsist ofresult in/lead toall of a suddenkeep on (doing sth.)have yet tokept onCompared to/withlooked throughpicked upconsistedofNow(that) you have grown upThe moment my brother gained hisdiplomaWeather permittingwhen (you are) youngThe ticket (that/which was) booked by his sister(that) he couldn’t tell you right awaythat you wouldn’t understandWhen (it is) heatedI’m afraid not按ESC键退出全屏播放本部分内容讲解结束单元过关检测(六)
(时间：120分钟，满分：150分)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Where does the conversation probably take place?
A．In a school.
B．In a cinema.
C．In a hospital.
2．Which of the following will the man have?
A．Chocolate ice cream.
B．Milk ice cream.
C．Fruit ice cream.
3．What’s the woman’s opinion on the man’s paper?
A．Some parts of the paper are not well written.
B．The handwriting of the paper is not good.
C．The ideas are not creative.
4．How does the woman feel about the trip?
A．Sad.
B．Content.
C．Disappointed.
5．Which of the following does the man think is impossible?
A．Eating less meat.
B．Giving up smoking.
C．Giving up drinking.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、 B、 C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．When will the man arrive at the airport tomorrow morning?
A．At about 9：00.
B．At about 10：00.
C．At about 11：00.
7．What will the man do in Italy this time?
A．Sunbathe on the beach.
B．Attend a cultural meeting.
C．Visit museums and art galleries.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．Where does the conversation take place?
A．In a hospital.
B．In an office.
C．At home.
9．What will the two speakers have in a Chinese restaurant?
A．Breakfast.
B．Brunch.
C．Lunch.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．How does the woman like fishing?
A．Interesting.
B．Special.
C．Dull.
11．What are the man’s hobbies?
A．Fishing and collecting stamps.
B．Reading, fishing and watching TV.
C．Watching TV and collecting stamps.
12．Where does the conversation probably take place?
A．In a restaurant.
B．By a lake.
C．In the woman’s house.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A．The man’s experience in East Asia.
B．The advantages of newspapers.
C．The man’s work as a reporter.
14．How did the man feel when he started working as a reporter?
A．Tired.
B．Proud.
C．Stressed.
15．Why did the man go to East Asia in the early 1950s?
A．To serve in the army.
B．To take a trip.
C．To report a war.
16．What made the purpose of newspapers change according to the man?
A．People can get news for free.
B．There are other ways to get information.
C．People don’t have time to read newspapers.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．What’s the topic of the text?
A．Agriculture science.
B．The improved food.
C．Food and our health.
18．Why do farmers try to fatten the animals?
A．To make the meat delicious.
B．To get a higher price on the market.
C．To keep color.
19．How many human illnesses are related to food?
A．About 40%.
B．About 60%.
C．About 80%.
20．Who should solve the problems?
A．The farmer.
B．The government.
C．The scientist.
答案：1－5.CAABC 6－10.BCCBC 11－15.ABCBC 16－20.BCBCB
听力材料
(Text 1)
W：Excuse me.Visiting hours are over.It’s time for you to leave.①
M：I’m sorry.I didn’t know the time, or I would have left earlier.
(Text 2)
W：What kind of ice cream would you like, chocolate, milk or fruit?
M：Chocolate, thank you.②I really need some energy.I’m so hungry.
(Text 3)
M：Do you have any comments on my paper?
W：The ideas are good.If I were you, though, I’d rewrite the last two paragraphs to make it better.③
(Text 4)
M：Hi, Anne! How are you?
W：A bit tired! We had to be at the airport at 6 o’clock this morning.
M：Did you have a good time in Corsica?
W：Yes, it was great! Really great! I really enjoyed the trip.④
(Text 5)
W：Well, Mr Martin, take this medicine twice a day.And I really want to encourage you to give up smoking.It would be much better for your health.
M：OK.I’ll try.
W：And, of course, it would be better for your health if you stopped drinking, too.
M：What? I am afraid that’s impossible.⑤
(Text 6)
M：Hello, Sue.I’m leaving for Italy tomorrow.
W：When are you going?
M：I am leaving at 9：00 tomorrow morning.I’m driving to the airport.It will take me about an hour.⑥ The plane takes off at 11 o’clock.
W：What are you going to do in Italy?
M：I enjoy sunbathing and taking a walk on the beach.But this time it’s more of a cultural holiday.I decided to visit some museums and art galleries this time.⑦
W：Sounds interesting.Will you view the whole city by bus?
M：No, I’m going to hire a car in Milan.
W：That’s a good idea.It will make it easier to see the whole city then.
(Text 7)
W：What time is it now?
M：Let me look at my watch.Oh, it’s nine-thirty already.
W：Though today is Saturday, it’s time for us to get up，or we’ll have a real late breakfast. ⑧
M：We can have brunch in a Chinese restaurant for a change.⑨
W：What is brunch?
M：It’s a meal between breakfast and lunch.Many people prefer brunch on Saturdays.
W：All right.Come on.You don’t have to wear that much.It’s warm today, much warmer than yesterday.
M：How do you know?
W：I listened to the weather forecast on TV last night.
(Text 8)
W：Do you have any other pastime besides stamp collecting？?
M：Yes, fishing.?
W：That’s very popular, too.Every time I pass the lake, I see many people sitting there with a rod in hand, but I’ve never seen anyone catch anything.
M：Maybe it’s because you lack the patience.
W：I would break my rod if I sat about for hours getting nothing.⑩
M：Oh, look at that man’s pole.It’s bent like a bow.There must be a huge fish on the end of the line.Let’s go over and have a look.?
W：OK.Wow, what a big fish!
M：So it is interesting to fish with a rod sitting at the lake.Say, what do you often do in your spare time?
W：Oh, nothing special.I read, watch TV and go to movies.
M：Don’t you have any hobbies, like stamp collecting or things like that?
W：No, I don’t have any hobbies.
(Text 9)
W：In today’s OnMessage I’m joined by Harry Cameron, who has worked as a reporter for about sixty years.Harry, welcome.
M：Thank you—it’s a pleasure to be here.
W：Harry, please tell us what being a reporter was like when you started your first job.Didn’t you feel tired because you had to travel a lot？?
M：Not at all.My main memory of those days is the sense of pride I felt at writing for a famous national newspaper.? In those days almost everyone read a paper every day.Reporters like me travelled the world and reported everything important.I remember once in the early 1950s reporting from a war area in East Asia.? I wrote my report sitting on the bed in my hotel and then phoned it through to my editor for publication a day or two later.
W：But people still read newspapers today, don’t they?
M：Yes.But the purpose of newspapers changed.If you want to know what’s going on in the world, you turn on the television and spend time on CNN or New 24, which broadcast the latest news 24 hours a day.And on top of all that, there’s the Internet.?
(Text 10)
I suppose science has made big steps in making food more fit to eat.? However, it has also made many foods unfit to eat.
Why？About 80% of human illnesses are related to food and 40% of cancer is related to food.?That food is related to illness is a new discovery.For example, things commonly used to keep color in meat and other food additives cause cancer.
Also, farmers often give some medicine to their animals.So, the medicine can be found in the milk of treated cows.Some farmers try to fatten the animals in order to get a higher price on the market.? Don’t you think it is terrible?
The government should do something to deal with such affairs.?
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Many years ago in a small village, an old man was hired to clear the spring(泉水) up on the mountain.He patrolled(巡逻) the spring every day, and swept away all the leaves and other things that would dirty the fresh flow of water.Soon, beautiful swans(天鹅) came to the clear spring, and the village became a popular attraction for visitors.
Years passed.One evening the town leaders held a meeting.As they looked at the salary list, one of them said，“Why do we keep this old man on year after year？I don’t think we need him or his work.”Later, the old man was asked to leave.
For several weeks, nothing changed.By early autumn, the leaves began to fall off the trees, and the spring was covered with leaves.A few days later, the water was much darker.Only a few months after the old man left, all the swans left, as did the tourists.Disease reached deeply into the village.Quickly, the leaders held a special meeting.Realizing their mistake, they rehired the old man.Then within a few weeks, the spring began to clear up.Soon new life returned to the village.
So, my friends, do you see？No matter how small your work or your life seems to be, never overlook it.Anything we can do will make a difference.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位老人被安排到山上去清理垃圾以保持泉水的清洁，由于老人的辛勤劳动，给天鹅和游客都带来了快乐，他们都愿意去山上游玩，这时，领导者看到这么和谐的情况认为没有必要再让老人在这里工作了，所以辞退了他。可是后来泉水变脏了，村民们也得了疾病，这时领导人认识到了自己的错误，重新雇用了老人，使山上变回原样。这篇短文告诉我们再小的事也会给我们的生活带来很大的影响。
21．The leaders decided to ask the old man to leave because they thought ________．
A．his work was unnecessary
B．he did his work carelessly
C．he was too old to do the job
D．he could do other better jobs
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I don’t think we need him or his work.”可知，领导们决定请那位老人离开，因为他们认为他的工作没有必要，故选A项。
22．What does the underlined word “overlook” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Believe. B．Ignore.
C．Praise. D．Punish.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“No matter how small your work or your life seems to be”和“Anything we can do will make a difference.”可知，任何事情不管它多小，它都有一定的意义，因此不要忽视它，故选B项。
23．With this story，the writer wants to tell us that ________．
A．even a small job can be important
B．work can bring old people happiness
C．everyone should always help others
D．everyone can be his own hero
A 解析：写作意图题。“Anything we can do will make a difference.”最后一句总结了这个故事告诉我们的道理，故选A项。
B
Living abroad is not for everyone.Though it can certainly be a fun and exciting experience，it can also be filled with difficulties.Before you book the plane ticket，it’s a good idea to think carefully about living abroad.
If you’ve lived in the same town for most of your life，a new place full of new food and things can seem like a dream comes true.Your free time will be filled with exploration and sightseeing.You’ll have the opportunity to experience places much older than the United States.However，that feeling will become less and you may find yourself wishing you could just turn on the TV and watch old TV series in English or eat your favorite American meal.
Americans in Europe and South America often find that medical care is both cheaper and easier to get than in the United States.For example，everyone can get a dental(牙齿的) checkup for only around $20 in Turkey.However，you may be disappointed by the lack of familiar medicines.And you may not be able to read the instructions.
The work that the ordinary Americans can do abroad usually pays better than what the ordinary locals do.A full-time teaching job in Ukraine，for example，can help you live a very rich life. However，if you become bored with your position，other job choices are somewhat limited unless you speak the local language as well as English.Moreover，you will probably find that some benefits don’t exist for foreigners.
When you live abroad，opportunities for international travel increase greatly.You may be able to take a day trip across the border from your apartment in Budapest to a concert in Vienna or take a boat to Montevideo for a night out after work in Buenos Aires.However，your money may not allow especially comfortable travel and you may have to stay in inexpensive hotels，cook your own food and take long-distance land transportation.
【解题导语】 美国人如果搬去国外居住有利也有弊，本文列举了一些利弊。
24．According to Paragraph 2，how may one feel at first when living abroad?
A．Bored. B．Excited.
C．Frightened. D．Concerned.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的If you’ve lived in the same town for most of your life，a new place full of new food and things can seem like a dream comes true.可知，一开始在国外的生活让你感觉像是梦想实现了，这很令人兴奋。
25．What does the example in Paragraph 3 show?
A．Seeing a doctor is quite cheap abroad.
B．It’s much better to live in the United States.
C．A dental checkup abroad is not convenient.
D．Most Americans can’t afford dental checkups.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的everyone can get a dental(牙齿的) checkup for only around $20 in Turkey可知，这个例子表明在国外就医很便宜。
26．What does the author think is a disadvantage of Americans’ working abroad?
A．They’re usually paid lower than the locals.
B．They must learn the local language quickly.
C．There are not many suitable positions for them.
D．They face too much competition with other Americans.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的However，if you become bored with your position，other job choices are somewhat limited unless you speak the local language as well as English.可知，在国外如果你不会说当地语言，那么你的职业选择就很少。
27．Who is the text written for?
A．Americans living abroad.
B．Foreigners living in the U．S.
C．Americans traveling abroad.
D．Americans planning to live abroad.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的Before you book the plane ticket，it’s a good idea to think carefully about living abroad.可知，本文主要是针对那些计划搬去国外居住的美国人写的。
C
“The Bow Seat Ocean Awareness Student Contest(竞赛) invites middle schoolers and high schoolers from around the world to create pieces of art that look at human influences on our oceans，” says program director Alyssa Irizarry.
The contest was founded in 2011 by Linda Cabot, a visual(视觉的) artist and ocean activist based in Westwood, Massachusetts. It has since reached nearly 10，000 kids worldwide. No entry fee is required, but students who want to enter must be between the ages of 11 and 18.
Students are required to create a piece that not only presents problems, but also communicates a message that encourages others to act.
Students can compete in one of five categories(种类)：visual art, poetry, prose, film and music. They are given a school year to work on their pieces, which are then entered into one of two categories：junior or senior.
Irizarry says that visual art is the most popular category, followed by poetry. Winners receive scholarship(奖学金) awards of up to $1，500 and see their work appear in different places to help raise awareness about ocean health.
When most people think about ocean science, they think about the tools that ocean scientists use. Irizarry has a different idea.“Art is a really powerful tool for people to connect with nature and to learn about the world around them，”she says. “It requires you to slow down, notice things, think, and ask questions.”
“Making art，” Irizarry adds, “helps a person create a connection to the world. That connection turns awareness of a problem into action.”
Irizarry has a message for all kids who want to help protect our oceans：“Do something to make a difference.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。某海洋知识学生竞赛借助艺术反映与海洋相关的问题，提高人们的海洋环境保护意识。
28．What can we learn about the rules of the contest?
A．Each winner receives $1，500.
B．Contestants must be of certain ages.
C．Students need to pay to enter the contest.
D．Contestants can compete in more than one category.
B 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的students who want to enter must be between the ages of 11 and 18可知，该竞赛对参赛学生的年龄有要求。
29．To win the contest, students must ________．
A．be good at making visual art
B．have a wide knowledge of geography
C．start preparation one year ahead of time
D．be able to influence others with their works
D 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的Students are required...encourages others to act.可知，该竞赛要求参赛作品既能反映问题又能引发他人行动起来，因此，想要获奖，参赛学生必须创作出有影响力的作品。
30．Which category attracts the largest number of students?
A．Visual art. B．Poetry.
C．Film. D．Music.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第五段中的visual art is the most popular category可知，视觉艺术门类最受欢迎。
31．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 6 refer to?
A．The contest. B．The world.
C．Nature. D．Art.
D 解析：代词指代题。由倒数第三段中Irizarry所说的话可知，她认为艺术能强有力地将人与自然联系起来，使人们了解周围的世界。它(艺术)需要人们放慢脚步、关注事物、思考和发问。
D
If you’ve been in public in the past year or so, chances are you’ve noticed someone breaking dining etiquette(礼仪) that would seem second-nature to any adult. Why does our dining etiquette seem to be at an all-time low right now?
“Overall, there’s much less feeling about the common good, which means caring about your neighbor—whether at home or in a restaurant，” said Steven Petrow, who writes articles for USA Today.
Take the use of cellphones at the table. While a 2015 survey by the Pew Research Center found that 38 percent of those surveyed thought it was acceptable to use their phones while dining out, the increasing number of cellphone bans(禁令) in restaurants shows that restaurants aren’t putting up with it.
However, some look on the growing use of cellphones as a sign that manners(礼貌) change alongside our society.
“Manners change，” said the writer behind a food site The Takeout. “What we consider improper isn’t set in stone.” She points out the other “rules” that have since become outdated nowadays, like saying “Sir” and “Ma’am”， as proof of this change.
Yes, traditional manners are yet another thing being redefined(重新定义) by youth. “Younger people are growing up in a world with more flexible(灵活的) rules, and this spreads to the dining table，” said Daniel Levine, director of global trends consultancy The Avant-Guide Institute.
Whether you prefer high-end restaurants or a fast-casual meal, the biggest reason behind the decline of manners may just be a numbers game.
“I believe it is more likely for people to break dining‘rules’ because they go out and eat more often，” said Diane Gottsman, owner of The Protocol School of Texas. “Years ago, people stayed home and sat around the family table. Today, there are more people in the workforce, which makes it more affordable for socializing and eating out. With new chance comes the possibility for more dining problems.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。现代人们外出就餐时不再遵守某些礼仪，有时甚至做出一些不得体的举动。为什么会产生这种现象呢？人们的看法不一。
32．What did the 2015 survey find?
A．Many people accepted using phones at the table.
B．Cellphones were banned in more and more restaurants.
C．Most of the surveyed people used phones while eating out.
D．Few restaurants took positions on using phones while eating.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的a 2015 survey...use their phones while dining out可知，该调查发现，被调查者中有38%的人认为外出就餐时使用手机的行为是可接受的。
33．Why was the example of “Sir” and “Ma’am” mentioned?
A．To show modern people are becoming impolite.
B．To explain dining rules in high-end restaurants.
C．To prove dining etiquette changes through time.
D．To argue that young people are making dining rules today.
C 解析：推理判断题。由第五段中的Manners change和What we consider improper isn’t set in stone.以及saying “Sir” and “Ma’am”， as proof of this change可推断，该作家举这个例子是为了说明，就餐礼仪会随着时间推移而发生变化。
34．According to Diane Gottsman, people forget their dining manners more often because _______.
A．they think they’re unimportant
B．they grew up with flexible rules
C．they have more chances to eat out
D．they must hurry meals to get back to work
C 解析：细节理解题。由最后一段中的I believe it is more likely...go out and eat more often以及With new chance...more dining problems.可知，Diane Gottsman认为现在人们无视就餐礼仪的情况增加是因为他们外出就餐的机会多了。
35．What’s the author’s purpose in writing this text?
A．To introduce changes in dining manners.
B．To encourage people to have dining manners.
C．To report survey findings on dining manners.
D．To discuss the reasons for poor dining manners.
D 解析：写作意图题。文章针对人们就餐礼仪变化的原因进行了讨论，列举了不同的人对此的不同看法。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How can teenagers keep themselves from suffering from loneliness？Here are some suggestions for speeding a recovery from loneliness.
36．________ A smile and a friendly greeting for the student behind you in line at the cafeteria(自助餐厅) won’t make you best friends.But it will make you both feel good.It can also make it easier to interact the next time, and the time after that.
Find a safe place to make connections.If going to the dancing party makes you feel like you just don’t belong, try joining a special-interest group.37.________ Just because you feel left out in one group doesn’t mean you’ll feel like an outsider in every other one.Look for a group that allows you to feel comfortable gradually.
Find other ways of making connections.Lonely people hunger for friendship.Sometimes feeling accepted and liked comes more easily when you do something for others rather than wait for them to make you feel better.38.________ Teach a child in reading.Take notes for a disabled classmate.You might be surprised at the connections you make.
39．________ Loneliness is an absence of quality friendship, not of a particular quantity of friends.That’s why it’s important to know how to select a friend.The best friendships are those based on similar values and attitudes.
You get what you expect, so expect the best.If you expect others to be friendly, you will behave in proper ways that encourage people to be friendlier to you.Loneliness won’t last long.40.________
A．Choose the right people.
B．So consider becoming a volunteer.
C．Reach out to others but start small.
D．It can be a hard work to be positive towards others.
E．Maybe it’s the drama club or the marching band.
F．This harmful attitude can continue into adulthood.
G．But starting the first step of positive expectations can make all the difference.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。青少年经常会感到孤独，本文介绍了五种克服孤独的方法。
36．C 解析：设空处为本段主题句。根据设空后的内容可知，一个微笑和一个友好的问候不能让你和他人成为好朋友，但会使你们下次见面时交流起来更容易。C项中的small与微笑和问候的小举动相对应。故选C项。
37．E 解析：根据空前的If going to the dancing party makes you feel like you just don’t belong，try joining a special-interest group.可知，作者建议去参加一些专门的兴趣小组，E项(或许是戏剧俱乐部或者是行进乐队)是对前文的举例，承接上文。故选E项。
38．B 解析：本段主要讲述的是通过做其他的事情让自己得到别人的认可来消除孤单。根据设空后两句Teach a child in reading.Take notes for a disabled classmate.可知，这些都是志愿工作，故B项(所以考虑成为一名志愿者)符合语境。故选B项。
39．A 解析：根据下文中的That’s why it’s important to know how to select a friend.可知，知道怎样选择朋友很重要，要选择合适的人。故选A项。
40．G 解析：本段主要讲述的是你想让朋友成为你所期待的人，首先你要成为这样的人。本段关键词是expect，G项中的expectations与其相呼应。故选G项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
If you ask me when I became a mom, I can tell you that the day I became a mom was not the day my daughter was born, but seven years later when I did the best thing I could do for my daughter and myself.I 41 us from the home that wasn’t really a home at all because of my alcoholic husband.
That day, my daughter and I were sitting in our 42 home having a quiet dinner just as I had always wanted for her.We were talking about what she had done in school and suddenly her little hand 43 the full glass of milk by her plate. 44 I watched the white tablecloth and freshly painted white wall become dark brown, I looked at her small face.It was filled with 45 ， knowing what the outcome of the event would have meant in her father’s 46 a week before.When I saw that look on her face and looked at the 47 running down the wall, I simply started 48 ．I am sure she thought I was 49 ， but then she must have realized that I was thinking, “It’s a good thing your 50 isn’t here！” She started laughing with me, and we laughed until we 51 ．These were tears of joy and 52 and were the first of many tears that we cried together.That was the day we knew that we were going to be okay.
That was the day I really became a mom.I 53 that being a mom isn’t only going to ballet, and attending every school concert.It isn’t keeping a(n) 54 house and preparing perfect meals.It certainly isn’t 55 that_things are always normal when they are not.For me, being a mom started when I could laugh over spilt milk.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。由于丈夫酗酒，作者带着女儿搬出了那个缺乏温暖的家。在新家安顿下来不久，吃晚饭的时候女儿不小心打翻了牛奶，作者感到自己那时才开始成为一位真正的母亲，为此作者感慨万千。
41．A.protected B．removed
C．separated D．prevented
B 解析：A项意为“保护，防卫”；B项意为“搬家，迁移，移动，开除”；C项意为“隔开，分隔”；D项意为“防止，阻止”。空格后提到“the home that wasn’t really a home at all because of my alcoholic husband”，由此可知，作者的丈夫酗酒，家里缺乏温暖，作者和女儿从家里搬出来了，B项符合语境。故答案选B。
42．A.new B．old
C．beautiful D．cold
A 解析：结合上文语境可知，作者和女儿已经从原来的家里面搬出来了，显然此处指的是母女俩的新家。在四个选项中，A项的词义符合语境。故答案选A。
43．A.went over B．picked up
C．took on D．knocked over
D 解析：A项意为“复习，重温，仔细检查”；B项意为“拾起，接收，获得”；C项意为“从事，占据”；D项意为“打翻，弄翻，撞倒”。空格后提到“the full glass of milk by her plate.______ I watched the white tablecloth...painted white wall become dark brown”，由此可知，作者的女儿弄翻了盛满牛奶的杯子，D项与此相符。故答案选D。
44．A.Although B．If
C．Because D．As
D 解析：A项意为“虽然”，引导让步状语从句；B项意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句；C项意为“因为”，引导原因状语从句；D项“当……时候；随着……”引导时间状语从句。结合上文语境可知，当我看着白色的桌布和刚刚粉刷过的白色墙壁变成深棕色时，我看着她的小脸。因此D项符合语境。故答案选D。
45．A.pleasure B．fear
C．pain D．smile
B 解析：由于把牛奶弄洒了，担心被家长斥责，因此作者的女儿脸上满是恐惧。在选项中，B项意为“害怕，恐惧，担心”，符合语境。A项意为“开心，高兴”；C项意为“痛苦，疼痛”；D项意为“微笑”，均不符合语境。故答案选B。
46．A.absence B．patience
C．presence D．arrival
C 解析：A项意为“缺席，不在”；B项意为“耐心，忍耐”；C项意为“在场，到场，出席”；D项意为“到来，到达”。作者的女儿知道，如果是一周前父亲在场，事件的结果会意味着什么。由此可知，C项与语境相符，故答案选C。
47．A.jam B．juice
C．milk D．water
C 解析：结合上文和选项可知，此处指的是作者看着牛奶顺着墙壁往下流淌，C项符合语境。故答案选C。
48．A.laughing B．shouting
C．scolding D．praying
A 解析：下文提到“She started laughing with me，and we laughed...”，其中的“laughing”是关键词。由此可以看出，当时作者对女儿的行为并没有批评斥责，而是笑了起来。故答案选A。
49．A.sad B．excited
C．sick D．crazy
D 解析：女儿认为自己做错了事而心怀恐惧，作者不但没有斥责她，却笑了起来，因此作者相信女儿一开始在想母亲是不是疯了。在选项中，D项意为“发疯的，疯狂的，狂热的”，符合语境。故答案选D。
50．A.friend B．father
C．grandma D．brother
B 解析：根据文章第一段内容可知，母女俩已经离开了原来的家，离开了酗酒的丈夫，因此，此处指的是“你爸爸不在这儿真好！”故答案选B。
51．A.cried B．fainted
C．slept D．stopped
A 解析：空格后提到“These were tears of joy...”，其中的“tears”是关键词；此外，下文提到了“we cried together”。由此可知，母女俩笑作一团，直到最后又哭了起来。A项的词义与语境相符。故答案选A。
52．A.bravery B．horror
C．surprise D．peace
D 解析：作者带着女儿远离了酗酒的丈夫，也远离了苦海，因此她们当时的泪水是喜悦的表达，也是生活趋于宁静的表达，D项符合语境。故答案选D。
53．A.questioned B．discovered
C．wondered D．remembered
B 解析：空格后提到“that being a mom isn’t only going to ballet，and attending every school concert”，这是作者在离开丈夫之后第一次领悟到了做母亲所应肩负的责任。在选项中，B项意为“发现，发觉，了解到”，与语境相符。故答案选B。
54．A.splendid B．messy
C．spotless D．lifeless
C 解析：A项意为“辉煌的，灿烂的，极好的”；B项意为“凌乱的，散乱的”；C项意为“洁净的，干净清洁的，无瑕疵的”；D项意为“无生命的，死气沉沉的”。结合上文打翻牛奶一事，作者认为，做一位母亲并不是把家保持整洁，并不是准备丰盛的饭。由此可知，C项符合语境。故答案选C。spotless与“perfect”照应。
55．A.describing B．pretending
C．creating D．meaning
B 解析：空格后提到“things are always normal when they are not”。由此结合上文作者的一番感悟可知，此处指的是“做一位母亲当然不是情况不正常时却还假装一切正常”。B项意为“假装”，与语境相符。故答案选B。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When traveling with 56._________(limit) money, every dollar counts. 57.________(fortunate), the cost of plane tickets alone can burn a serious hole in your wallet. Don’t let that stop you from 58.____________(take) your dream vacation, though. According to Jeff Klee, CEO of CheapAir, there is a trick to get the cheapest plane tickets.
“Don’t wait until the last minute, because it hardly works out，” he said in a 59._________ (state). “But beyond that, you also need to be careful not to buy too early.”
Still, that’s easier said than done. Finding the best time to book tickets 60.____________(be) difficult. However, somebody did the maths. People from CheapAir surveyed over 917 million fares 61.____________(determine) the day with the cheapest rates. Here’s 62.____________ they found: While prices tend to stay 63. ____________ same between 320 and 106 days before a trip, they start dropping at the 105-day mark. That said that you might book the moment that prices drop. But hold on! You’ll save 48 percent of the ticket’s total cost by booking exactly 70 days before 64.____________(you) trip.
65．____________ that date, plane tickets’ prices will begin to increase again. And give up the thought of booking any later than 20 days ahead of time, as prices will be increasing.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。一个调查表明，提前七十天预订飞机票是最划算的。
56．limited 解析：考查形容词。根据句意可知，此处需要一个形容词来修饰限定名词money，意为“有限的”。
57．Unfortunately 解析：考查副词。此处用来修饰整个句子，故用副词形式，意为“不幸的是”。
58．taking 解析：考查非谓语动词。stop sb. from doing sth.为固定句型，意为“阻止某人做某事”，故需用动名词作介词from的宾语。
59．statement 解析：考查名词。因为前面是冠词a，故用名词形式，故填动词state的名词形式statement，意为“声明”。
60．is 解析：考查主谓一致。因为前面是动名词作主语，故谓语动词用单数，故填is。
61．to determine 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处需用不定式表目的，故填to determine。
62．what 解析：考查主语从句引导词。根据句意可知，以下是他们所发现的结果：虽然价格在旅行前的320到106天之间保持不变，但他们从105天起开始下降。故需用what引导主语从句。
63．the 解析：考查定冠词。因为后面是same，通常与the连用，故填the。
64．your 解析：考查代词。因为后面是名词trip，故此处需要用形容词性物主代词，故填your。
65．After 解析：考查介词。此处after作介词，意为：“在……之后”。句意：在那个日期后，机票价格将再次开始上涨。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假如你是李明，请你给好友李华发一封e-mail，告诉他你是怎样度过十一长假的。内容包括：
1．父母和我骑自行车去附近的乡村进行两日游；
2．清晨7：00出发，进行钓鱼、野餐等活动；
3．放松身心，享受自然美景；
4．晚上住在叔叔家，第二天下午返回。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Li Hua，
The National Day is over.We spent a happy 7-day holiday._____________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Hope to hear from you soon.
Yours，
Li Ming
One possible version：
Dear Li Hua，
The National Day is over.We spent a happy 7-day holiday.My parents and I went to the countryside not far away from our home to have a two-day trip by bicycle.We set out at 7 o’clock in the morning on October 1st.My dad and I took different kinds of things for our picnic.Having got there, we began to fish.After that we enjoyed my mum’s cooking, which was very delicious.Cycling there made me completely relaxed.Beautiful scenery and warmth with my parents made me a lot happier.Besides，we stayed in my uncle’s and had a small family party there at night.We returned the next afternoon.I had a great time on the National Day.
Hope to hear from you soon.
Yours，
Li Ming
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
The event that stands out in Tom’s memory happened one morning when Tom was only ten years old. He was at home with his elder sister Jane. Tom was doing his homework when he heard raised voices. At first he thought nothing of it since customers in the motorcycle shop directly below their flat often became loud, but he soon realized this time it was different.
“Quick！Quick! Remove the motorcycles from the shop.” someone yelled.
Then a thick burning smell filled the air. When Tom opened the front door of their flat to investigate, a thick cloud of smoke greeted him. The motorcycle shop had caught fire and people were running and crying.
Jane, who had been playing the violin in her room, hurried to the living room. They rushed out of the door and along the corridor(走廊) through the smoke.
They were heading towards the stairway at the far end of the corridor when Jane stopped in her track. She turned around and headed back the way they came. Tom had no idea what she was doing, but he followed suit.
Jane had suddenly remembered the lady in her 70s who lived next door to them, who they called Makcik, Malay for auntie. Jane began banging on Makcik’s door, but got no answer. As the smoke thickened around them, Tom could see many of their neighbors—some still in their pyjamas(睡衣裤)—running for safety. The thought of fear crossed his mind.
“She would have run for safety like everyone else！” Tom cried. However, Jane refused to give up. “I know Makcik’s still inside.” She said she was familiar with Makcik’s daily routine and was certain she would still be sleeping. She pounded the door. “Go downstairs. Go now! Go！”
Paragraph 1：
Tom noticed the flame was reaching up.____________________________________________
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Paragraph 2：
Luckily, some neighbors passing by stopped and offered help. __________________________
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One possible version：
Paragraph 1：
Tom noticed the flame was reaching up. Frozen with fear, he stood rooted to the spot. He comprehended the gravity of the situation and held Jane’s hand tightly. By then, both of them were coughing and their eyes were stinging. Time seemed to stand still, though they were probably there for only two or three minutes. Tom begged Jane to run for safety as quickly as possible. Jane tried to shield her nose from the choking smoke and shook her head. She kept pounding against the door. Tom burst out crying.
Paragraph 2：
Luckily, some neighbors passing by stopped and offered help. A sense of strength immediately replaced the mounting fear and anxiety in Jane’s mind. She told them Ms. Makcik must be still in the room. They forced the door open with all their might. Sure enough, Makcik was lying in bed, unconscious. She was carried downstairs and then rushed to the hospital, where she finally came to herself. People in the neighborhood felt relieved and Jane and Tom’s joy was immense.
