电视机是怎么来的呢？哪些人对它的发展做出了贡献呢？让我们通过下文一探究竟。
The invention of television was a gradual process(过程)．The television was not invented by a single person.Before it appeared, people from all over the world had experimented on it for many times.
At the dawn of television history, there were two competing(相互矛盾的) experimental approaches that led to the breakthroughs that made the technology possible.Early inventors attempted to either build a mechanical television system based on the technology of Paul Nipkow’s rotating disks(旋转磁盘) or they tried to build an electronic television system using a cathode ray(阴极射线) tube developed independently in 1897 by German inventor Karl Braun.
German inventor Paul Nipkow developed a rotating disc technology to send pictures over wire in 1884 called the Nipkow disk.Nipkow is famous for discovering television’s scanning(扫描) principle，in which the light strength of small parts of an image(形象) is successively analyzed(分析) and sent.
In the 1920’s, John Logie Baird came up with the idea of using lines of a special metal to send images for television by reflected light rather than back-lit silhouettes. Baird based his technology on Paul Nipkow’s scanning disc idea and other latest developments in electronics.
Russian inventor Vladimir Zworykin invented an improved cathode ray tube in 1929. At the time, the tube was badly needed for television and Zworykin was one of the first to test a television system with all the features of modern picture tubes.
In 1927, American inventor Philo Farnsworth became the first inventor to send a television image consisting of 60 level lines. The image sent was dollar sign.Farnsworth also developed another new tube，which was the basis of all current electronic televisions. He filed for his first television patent(专利) in 1927.
Louis Parker，another American inventor, invented the modern changeable television receiver. The patent was issued to Louis Parker in 1948.Parker’s “sound system” is now used in all television receivers in the world.
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
重点单词
阅读词汇
(在不认识的单词前划√)
□virtual adj. □flexible adj. □battery n． □stuff n.
写作词汇
1.desire n． 渴望，欲望
拓展词汇
2.press v. 按→pressure n. 压力；挤压
3.shoot_v. 射出(光、亮等)，放射→过去式/过去分词shot/shot
4.capable adj. 有能力的→capacity n. 能力，容量
重点短语
1.become a reality 变成现实
2.think of 想出；想象
3.in addition 除此之外，另外
4.make an advance/advances 取得进步
5.thanks to 多亏，由于
6.be used to do sth. 被用来做某事
7.in terms of 根据……来说；依照……；就……而言
8.what’s more 此外，另外
9.no doubt 无疑地；必定
10.lead to 导致
11.at the moment 此刻；目前；眼下
12.never say never 别轻易说决不
重点句型
1.“It suggests that”结构：It suggests that(这表明) the present day is a new age for inventions, but many people might think that the great age of invention is over.
2.强调句型：So what is it that(到底是什么) inspires us to invent things？
Read the text on Pages 26－27 and match the main idea of the paragraphs.
1．Paragraphs 1－2 A．The advances connected with technology.
2．Paragraphs 3－4 B．The possibility of making time machine.
3．Paragraphs 5－8 C．The ages of invention of all time.
4．Paragraphs 9－12 D．The inspiration to invent more.
5．Paragraphs 13－14 E．Greeting from the interviewer and Richard.
答案：1－5.ECADB
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer according to the text.
1．What’s the text mainly about?
A．The introduction of Richard’s new book.
B．The real motivation to invent something.
C．The new changes in the invention today.
D．Four great inventions in Ancient China.
2．Why does Richard mention the four great inventions in Ancient China?
A．To prove the golden ages of invention in history.
B．To tell us the importance of the four inventions.
C．To compare them with the great Western inventions.
D．To share his knowledge about the four inventions.
3．What is Richard’s attitude towards inventing a time machine?
A．Supportive. B．Optimistic.
C．Critical. D．Negative.
4．What do we know about the new great inventions today?
A．All of them are based on technology.
B．Computer technology helps them a lot.
C．The solar technology is always eco-friendly.
D．A way of solving a problem is an invention.
答案：1－4.AABB
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．It suggests that the present day is a new age for inventions, but many people might think that the great age of invention is over.
本句为并列复合句。第一个分句中的It为形式主语，that the present day is a new age for inventions是真正的主语；第二个分句中that the great age of invention is over是宾语从句。
[翻译] 这表明当今是一个发明的新时代，但许多人可能认为发明的伟大时代已经结束。
2．This was no doubt the reason behind the invention of the wheel in ancient times, which much later developed into the car.
本句为主从复合句。其中which much later developed into the car是非限制性定语从句。
[翻译] 这无疑是古代发明轮子的原因，而轮子后来发展成了汽车。
in addition 除此之外，另外
(教材P27)In addition, important advances have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power. 此外，由于不断提高的计算机能力，医学和环境科学也取得了重要进展。
(1)in addition(＝as well/besides)为副词短语，常放在句首，也可放在句中、句尾。
(2)in addition to(＝as well as/besides/apart from)介词短语，“除……之外”，后接名词或动名词。
①In addition, students need train together, share their achievement together and overcome the hardship together.
此外，学生需要在一起训练，一起分享成功，一起克服困难。
②In addition to his homework, he did many exercises.
除了家庭作业外，他还做了许多练习题。
[巧学活用]——词汇升级
(普通表达) And, the Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenient, regardless of time and space.
(高级表达)In addition/Besides, the Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenient, regardless of time and space.
be used to do sth. 被用来做某事
(教材P27)New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts. 像3D打印机这样的新发明已经被用来制造心脏和骨头的替代品。
(1)used to 过去常常
There used to be... 过去常常有……
(2)be/get used to (doing) sth. 习惯(做)某事
①Wood is often used to make desks and chairs.
木头常常被用来制作桌椅。
②Used he to/Did he use to swim in the river when he was a child?
他小时候经常去那条河里游泳吗？
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)There used to be(be) an old temple on the hill, didn’t/usedn’t there?
(2)The Nile River used to flood(flood) large areas but now the water is used to produce(produce) electricity.
(3)He is/gets used to taking(take) notes of everything he did.
in terms of 根据……来说；依照……；就……而言
(教材P27)In terms of the environment, it is now possible to create an intelligent walking house.
就环境而言，现在有可能创造一个智能步行屋。
in the long/short term 就长/短期而言
be on good/bad terms with sb. 与某人交情好/不好
①In terms of money we’re quite rich, but not in terms of happiness.
从钱的角度说，我们相当富有，但就幸福而言则不然。
②(福建卷)It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.
人们普遍认为应该从综合素质的角度来评价学生。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)从长期来看，他们所做的事情对环境是有利的。
What they have done is good for the environment in the long term．
(2)这么多年来我们一直和邻居的关系很好。
We have been on good terms with our neighbors for all these years.
desire n．渴望，欲望 vt.希望得到；想要
(教材P27)But what remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create, and that’s the real spirit of invention.
但重要的是，我们有一种难以置信的思考和创造的欲望，这才是真正的发明精神。
(1)have a desire
(2)desire (sb.) to do sth. 想要(某人)做某事
desire that...(should) do... 渴望……做……
①She has a strong desire for knowledge and wants to go to college very much.
她对知识有强烈的渴望，很想上大学。
②Disabled people desire to live(live) a normal life.In other words，they want to live as well as ordinary people do.
残疾人渴望过正常的生活。换句话说，他们想跟普通人生活得一样好。
③My parents desired that I (should) make(make) good preparations for the interview.
我的父母希望我为面试做好准备。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
每个人都渴望成功，而成功只属于努力的人。
(1)Everyone has a desire for success while success only belongs to the hard-working people.(desire n．)
(2)Everyone desires to succeed while success only belongs to the hard-working people.(desire vt.)
“It suggests that...”结构
(教材P26)It suggests that the present day is a new age for inventions, but many people might think that the great age of invention is over. 这表明当今是一个发明的新时代，但许多人可能认为发明的伟大时代已经结束。
“It suggests that...”结构中的It是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。suggest意为“表明”。
(1)suggest表示“暗示或表明”等意思时，其后接的that从句要用陈述语气。
(2)suggest作动词，表示“提议，建议”时，后面可以跟名词、代词、动名词和that从句作宾语。其中that从句的谓语通常用“(should＋)动词原形”的虚拟语气。
注意：若其中的直接宾语比较复杂(比如是that从句时)，可用suggest to sb. that...
①Her expression suggested that she was angry.
她的表情说明她生气了。
②I suggested to him that he should join(join) in the club activities.
我建议他参加俱乐部的活动。
③I suggest going(go) out for a walk after supper.
我建议晚饭后出去散步。
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)It is suggested that another school (should) be set(set) up in our city.
(2)Jane’s pale face suggested that she was(be) ill, and her parents suggested that she (should) have(have) a medical examination.
品句填词
1．She had a strong desire(渴望) to go abroad for further study.
2．She pressed(按) her face against the window to see what was happening outside.
3．He hit the target after he shot(射中) at it several times.
4．New technology has enabled development of an online ‘virtual(虚拟的) library’．
5．Good job candidates must show a flexible(灵活的)approach to problems.
6．Napoleon was one of the most capable(有能力的)generals in history.
7．Could you move all that stuff(物品) off the table?
8．He charges the battery(电池) of his electric car every two days.
完成句子
1．昨天的交通事故到底是在哪里发生的？
Where was it that the road accident happened yesterday?
2．我们过去贫困，但现在富裕了。
We used to be badly off, but now we are well off.
3．依我看，一个人的成功不能总是从钱的角度来衡量。
In my opinion, one’s success cannot always be measured in terms of money．
4．我希望你能加入我们的俱乐部，因为这是保持健康的好方法，并且可以放松我们自己。
I_desire you to join our club, as it is a great way to keep fit and a good chance to relax ourselves.
5．他脸上满意的微笑表明他已经得到了那份工作。
The satisfied smile on his face suggests that he_has got the job．
课文语法填空
Dr Richard Fairhurst, 1.the author of the book The New Age of Invention, is now 2.being interviewed(interview) by the reporter from Between the Pages. In Richard’s opinion, there 3.have been(be) golden ages of invention throughout history and he also mentioned the four great 4.inventions(invent) in Ancient China and the great ones in the West. But now most of the new great inventions are tech-based, for example，virtual reality and 5.wearable(wear) tech. 6.In addition, important advances in medicine and environmental science are all thanks to 7.increasing(increase) computer power. And a walking house is capable of 8.using(use) GPS technology travel to different places. These 9._impressive(impress) stuff makes the interviewer surprised.10.What_ inspires Richard to invent things is recognizing a problem that needs a solution.
单句语法填空
1．(天津卷)In addition to the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support.
2．The old couple have been used to living_(live) in the countryside.
3．In terms of money it’s not a good job, but I can gain some experience.
4．The strong desire to become(become) a famous movie star encourages her to practice harder.
5．They suggested that she (should) make(make) a working plan ahead of time.
6．As long as we struggle hard, our dream that seems not to be realized forever, can turn into reality(realize) sooner or later.
7．Thanks to_the development of science and technology, millions of smart devices(装置) have been connected to homes around the world so far.
8．Happiness doesn’t depend on who you are or what you have; it only depends on what you think of_your life.
9．As we all know, spending more time outdoors can lead to better eyesight.
10．Scientists and engineers around the world have made great advances(advance) in Artificial Intelligence.
完成句子
1．我姐姐过去比较害羞，但是自从参加了俱乐部她活跃起来了。
My sister_used to be shy, but she has come to life since she joined the club.
2．学习并不总是那么容易，但从长远看它总是有益的。
Learning is not always easy, but it is always beneficial in the long term．
3．那位顾客脸上的微笑表明他对我们的服务感到满意。
The smile on the customer’s face suggested that he was satisfied with our service.
4．我向他建议我们应该立刻解决这个问题。
I suggested to him that we(should) solve the problem_at once.
5．我学到的事情之一就是别轻易说不。
One of the things I’ve learned is “never say never”．
阅读理解
A
Researchers have created a backpack that has a computer and medicines in it that can help even untrained soldiers save the lives of wounded troops. Wounded soldiers have a better chance of survival if they get help soon after being hurt and are quickly taken to a hospital or clinic. But soldiers who do not have medical training may not know how to help their injured friends.
Doctors and engineers have developed what they call an “intelligent backpack”. It has a computer and electronic measuring devices. The backpack also has robotic instruments and medicines ready to be given to the injured troops.
About 16 doctors and engineers from the University of Pittsburgh, Carnegie Mellon University and several other places are working on the project. The U．S. Department of Defense has given money to the project.
Ron Poropatich leads the project. He is a retired army surgeon. He says the backpack will help soldiers care for those who are injured. The devices included in the backpack can monitor a person’s heart rate and blood pressure. The robotic instruments can even tell whether the soldier has a collapsed lung.
The intelligent backpack’s computer can compare information gathered about the injured soldier with thousands of similar cases, and quickly tell the best methods to save the soldier’s life.
Sometimes, it is not always possible to quickly remove the injured soldier from the battlefield. So, Dr.Poropatich says, the researchers hope to create a backpack that will have devices that can keep a soldier alive for a long time. Dr. Poropatich hopes the backpack and its instruments will be ready for testing on animals in about three years.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究者发明的一种“智能背包”，它内有电脑、药物等，可以及时救助伤员。
1．What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A．Soldiers should have taken medical training.
B．Most of the soldiers can’t use the backpack correctly.
C．The backpack can play a big part in the battlefield.
D．Wars or battles have brought harm to the world.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“...can help even untrained soldiers save the lives of wounded troops.Wounded soldiers have a better chance of survival...”可以推测出，这种“智能背包”能够在战场上发挥重要作用。
2．How many kinds of items are mentioned in the backpack?
A．2. B．3.
C．4. D．5.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It has a computer and electronic measuring devices. The backpack also has robotic instruments and medicines ready to be given to the injured troops.”可知，“智能背包”里的物品有四种，故选C。
3．What can we know according to Ron Poropatich?
A．The project got support from the whole world.
B．The robotic instruments can monitor lungs.
C．The injurer’s heart disease can be cured.
D．The devices can adjust soldiers’ blood pressure.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The robotic instruments can even tell whether the soldier has a collapsed lung.”可知，这种装置可以指出士兵的肺是否萎陷，即这种装置可以监测肺的情况。故选B项。
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A．Researchers and Their Wonderful Discovery
B．Medical Care Tested on the Wounded Soldiers
C．Robotic Devices Used in the Battlefield
D．Emergency Medical Care in a Backpack
D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种可以及时向伤员提供紧急医疗救助的“智能背包”，故选D。
B
Whether kids are reading an interesting book or watching a funny television show，there are three words they probably fear hearing in the evening: time for bed! There’s always a question existing in their mind: Why does bedtime always have to arrive so soon to break up whatever fun we’re having?
Most children will ask for extra time. Some may even try to argue with logic(逻辑). After all, aren’t adults supposed to set a good example for children? If adults stay up later, shouldn’t children be allowed to stay up later, either? Unfortunately for children everywhere, that logic simply doesn’t hold water. In fact, science is fairly on the side of adults. No matter how unfair it seems, children simply need more sleep than adults.
Even though sleeping seems to be the most boring and unproductive thing you could be doing, it’s actually very important to your physical and mental health. In addition to providing energy for your body, sleep helps your brain work at its best, too. Scientists believe that the brain remains active during certain periods of sleep, sorting through and storing information from the day.
As a general rule, young children need between 9 and 11 hours of sleep each night. Teenagers usually need between 8 and 10 hours of sleep nightly. But why do kids need that extra sleep? In fact, children are still in the process of growing—both physically and mentally—and that extra sleep is what their bodies need to grow in a healthy way. Once they have stopped growing, they don’t need so much sleep.
Sleeping less than a regular basis can do harm to your health. In addition to feeling physically tired, you can also feel psychologically(心理上地) tired when you can’t get enough sleep. It can lead to an inability to focus and think clearly. Being overly tired can also make relatively-easy things seem nearly impossible. What’s worse, too little sleep can make you get sick easily.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。儿童处于成长阶段，与成人相比，需要更多的睡眠，以保证他们的身体健康地成长。
5．What do we know about kids in paragraph 1?
A．They dislike sleeping.
B．They fear hearing orders at night.
C．They hate bedtime’s breaking up their fun.
D．They need extra time to read or watch TV.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的There’s always a question existing in their mind: Why does bedtime always have to arrive so soon to break up whatever fun we’re having？和第二段中的Most children will ask for extra time.可知，孩子们讨厌睡觉影响他们的娱乐。
6．The underlined part in paragraph 2 means that logic ________．
A．doesn’t make sense
B．can’t be proven
C．should be supported
D．needs to be explained
A 解析：句意理解题。根据第二段中的In fact, science is fairly on the side of adults. 可知，科学是站在成年人这边的，所以可推测，此句是指孩子们所谓的逻辑站不住脚。
7．According to the passage, why do kids need extra sleep compared with adults?
A．It helps them grow taller.
B．It improves their intelligence.
C．It benefits their healthy growth.
D．It reduces their risk of developing disease.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的In fact, children are still in the process of growing...extra sleep is what their bodies need to grow in a healthy way. Once they have stopped growing, they don’t need so much sleep. 可知，孩子们之所以比成人需要的睡眠时间多，是因为他们还在长身体，充足的睡眠可以使得他们健康地成长。
8．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．The benefits of sleeping properly.
B．The cause of people’s sleeping less.
C．The negative effects of sleeping less.
D．The connection between sleep and illness.
C 解析：段落大意题。文章最后一段主要讲的是睡眠时间少可能会带来的负面影响。
完形填空
Traveling from one city or country to another can contribute to the spread of disease.When people arrive in a 1 place, they may bring in germs(病菌) that were not 2 before.The people there have no natural protection against these new germs, so they catch the disease more 3 ．Because it is unfamiliar, health workers may not 4 it, and may not take any measures to stop it from 5 ．People with the disease may continue to have 6 with others.In this way, the germs travel from person to person through the population.
Heating and cooling systems can also be a 7 of disease.They tend to collect dirt and water, which creates the perfect 8 for germs to grow.Then when the air conditioner is turned on, the germs are blown into the home or office and make people sick.This 9 was first recognized by scientists in July 1976.
Pollution of the 10 can also be a factor in spreading disease.The pollution may be caused by 11 used in farming that are washed into rivers, and then into the ocean.Or it may be human waste that is dumped 12 into the ocean with no processing.These chemicals or human waste results in the 13 of tiny plants called algae(海藻)．They provide an ideal home for a deadly 14 called cholera.When a ship passes through the algae, some of it may stick to the ship’s bottom, along with some of the cholera germs.These germs then travel with the ship around the world, 15 diseases that may kill thousands of people.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇科普类说明文。文章主要介绍了几种病菌传播的途径，通过被人从一个地方带到另外一个地方传播、通过空调系统传播以及通过行驶在海洋中的船只传播等。
1．A.new B．familiar
C．particular D．famous
A 解析：根据上文中“Traveling from one city or country to another...”和下文中的“bring in germs(病菌)”可知，当人们到一个新的地方时，他们可能会带来病菌。A项意为“新的”，符合语境，故A项正确。B项意为“熟悉的”；C项意为“尤其的，特别的”；D项意为“著名的”，都与语境不符。
2．A.strange B．special
C．present D．noticeable
C 解析：根据上文中的“arrive in”和该句中的“bring in”及“before”可知，在这个地方这种病菌以前没有出现过。C项意为“出席的；存在的”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“奇怪的”；B项意为“特别的”；D项意为“注意到的”，都与语境不符。
3．A.easily B．willingly
C．naturally D．accidentally
A 解析：根据该句中“The people there have no natural protection against these new germs”可知，由于人们对这种病菌没有天然的抵抗力，所以他们更容易患病。A项意为“容易地”，符合语境，故A项正确。B项意为“愿意地”；C项意为“自然地”；D项意为“偶然地”，都与语境不符。
4．A.protect B．stop
C．permit D．identify
D 解析：根据该句中的“unfamiliar”可知，这种病之前没有出现过，所以医疗工作者可能也不能识别它(是什么病)。D项意为“识别，确认，认出，鉴定”，符合语境，故D项正确。A项意为“保护”；B项意为“阻止，停止”；C项意为“允许”，都与语境不符。
5．A.changing B．dying
C．spreading D．growing
C 解析：根据该句中的“unfamiliar”以及“may not take any measures”可知，由于这种病没有出现过，医疗工作者无法识别它，所以也就可能无法采取任何措施来阻止这种病的传播。C项意为“传播”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“改变”；B项意为“死亡”；D项意为“生长”，都与语境不符。
6．A.trade B．contact
C．fun D．communication
B 解析：根据下文中的“...person to person through the population”可知，患上这种病的人可能会继续接触他人，使得这种疾病在人群中传播开来，have contact with others为固定搭配，意为“和他人有接触”，故B项正确。A项意为“交易，贸易”；C项意为“乐趣”；D项意为“交流”，都与语境不符。
7．A.form B．source
C．result D．phenomenon
B 解析：根据语境可知，空调的加热和制冷系统也可能是疾病的来源。B项意为“来源”，符合语境，故B项正确。A项意为“形式”；C项意为“结果”；D项意为“现象”，都与语境不符。
8．A.plant B．air
C．environment D．temperature
C 解析：根据该句中的“dirt and water”以及“for germs to grow”可知，空调中吸收的灰尘和水源为这种病菌创造了完美的成长环境，C项意为“环境”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“植物”；B项意为“空气”；D项意为“温度”，都与语境不符。
9．A.office B．bacterium
C．conditioner D．problem
D 解析：根据上文的“the germs are blown into the home or office and make people sick”可知，这是一个导致人们生病的问题，所以此处是指1976年7月科学家们第一次认识到了这一问题。D项意为“问题”，符合语境，故D项正确。A项意为“办公室”；B项意为“细菌”；C项意为“调节器；护发素”，都与语境不符。
10．A.farms B．rivers
C．oceans D．plants
C 解析：根据下文中的“and then into the ocean”可知，海洋的污染也是疾病传播的因素。C项意为“海洋”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“农场”；B项意为“河流”，根据本句大意可知，河流只是污染物流向海洋前的一个过程，造成疾病传播的是海洋污染，而非河流污染；D项意为“植物”，都与语境不符。
11．A.chemicals B．machines
C．crops D．animals
A 解析：根据该句中的“used in farming”以及下文中的“These chemicals or...”可知，这种污染是由用于农业的化学品所导致的。A项意为“化学制品”，符合语境，故A项正确。B项意为“机器”；C项意为“庄稼”；D项意为“动物”，都与语境不符。
12．A.quickly B．directly
C．thoughtlessly D．effortlessly
B 解析：根据该句中的“with no processing”可知，人类的垃圾是不经过任何加工处理而被直接倒入海洋的。B项意为“直接地”，符合语境，故B项正确。A项意为“快速地”；C项意为“欠考虑地，轻率地”；D项意为“不费力地”，都与语境不符。
13．A.death B．change
C．movement D．increase
D 解析：根据下文中的“They provide an ideal home...”可知，这些化学品和人类的垃圾导致了一种藻类的增加。D项意为“增加”，符合语境，故D项正确。A项意为“死亡”；B项意为“改变”；C项意为“移动”，都与语境不符。
14．A.animal B．fish
C．plant D．disease
D 解析：根据该段最后一句中的“diseases”可知，这种海藻为一种致命的疾病提供了良好的生存环境。D项意为“疾病”，符合语境，故D项正确。A项意为“动物”；B项意为“鱼”；C项意为“植物”，都与语境不符。
15．A.curing B．causing
C．removing D．fighting
B 解析：根据语境可知，这些病菌随着船传播到世界各地，导致可能会杀死成千上万人的疾病。B项意为“导致”，符合语境，故B项正确。A项意为“治愈”；C项意为“移除”；D项意为“战争”，都与语境不符。
课件40张PPT。Unit 3 The world of scienceUnit 3 The world of scienceUnit 3 The world of scienceUnit 3 The world of scienceUnit 3 The world of scienceUnit 3 The world of scienceUnit 3 The world of sciencedesirepressshootcapablebecome a realitythink ofin additionmake an advance/advancesthanks tobe used to do sth.in terms ofwhat’s moreno doubtlead toat the momentnever say neverIt suggests thatwhat is it that形式宾语非限制性定语In addition toIn addition/BesidesUsed he to/Did he use toto beto floodto producetakingin terms ofin the longon good terms withtermto live(should) makehas a desire for successdesires to succeedshould joingoing(should) be setwas(should) have按ESC键退出全屏播放本部分内容讲解结束
品句填词
1．She had a strong desire(渴望) to go abroad for further study.
2．She pressed(按) her face against the window to see what was happening outside.
3．He hit the target after he shot(射中) at it several times.
4．New technology has enabled development of an online ‘virtual(虚拟的) library’．
5．Good job candidates must show a flexible(灵活的)approach to problems.
6．Napoleon was one of the most capable(有能力的)generals in history.
7．Could you move all that stuff(物品) off the table?
8．He charges the battery(电池) of his electric car every two days.
完成句子
1．昨天的交通事故到底是在哪里发生的？
Where was it that the road accident happened yesterday?
2．我们过去贫困，但现在富裕了。
We used to be badly off, but now we are well off.
3．依我看，一个人的成功不能总是从钱的角度来衡量。
In my opinion, one’s success cannot always be measured in terms of money．
4．我希望你能加入我们的俱乐部，因为这是保持健康的好方法，并且可以放松我们自己。
I_desire you to join our club, as it is a great way to keep fit and a good chance to relax ourselves.
5．他脸上满意的微笑表明他已经得到了那份工作。
The satisfied smile on his face suggests that he_has got the job．
课文语法填空
Dr Richard Fairhurst, 1.the author of the book The New Age of Invention, is now 2.being interviewed(interview) by the reporter from Between the Pages. In Richard’s opinion, there 3.have been(be) golden ages of invention throughout history and he also mentioned the four great 4.inventions(invent) in Ancient China and the great ones in the West. But now most of the new great inventions are tech-based, for example，virtual reality and 5.wearable(wear) tech. 6.In addition, important advances in medicine and environmental science are all thanks to 7.increasing(increase) computer power. And a walking house is capable of 8.using(use) GPS technology travel to different places. These 9._impressive(impress) stuff makes the interviewer surprised.10.What_ inspires Richard to invent things is recognizing a problem that needs a solution.
单句语法填空
1．(天津卷)In addition to the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support.
2．The old couple have been used to living_(live) in the countryside.
3．In terms of money it’s not a good job, but I can gain some experience.
4．The strong desire to become(become) a famous movie star encourages her to practice harder.
5．They suggested that she (should) make(make) a working plan ahead of time.
6．As long as we struggle hard, our dream that seems not to be realized forever, can turn into reality(realize) sooner or later.
7．Thanks to_the development of science and technology, millions of smart devices(装置) have been connected to homes around the world so far.
8．Happiness doesn’t depend on who you are or what you have; it only depends on what you think of_your life.
9．As we all know, spending more time outdoors can lead to better eyesight.
10．Scientists and engineers around the world have made great advances(advance) in Artificial Intelligence.
完成句子
1．我姐姐过去比较害羞，但是自从参加了俱乐部她活跃起来了。
My sister_used to be shy, but she has come to life since she joined the club.
2．学习并不总是那么容易，但从长远看它总是有益的。
Learning is not always easy, but it is always beneficial in the long term．
3．那位顾客脸上的微笑表明他对我们的服务感到满意。
The smile on the customer’s face suggested that he was satisfied with our service.
4．我向他建议我们应该立刻解决这个问题。
I suggested to him that we(should) solve the problem_at once.
5．我学到的事情之一就是别轻易说不。
One of the things I’ve learned is “never say never”．
阅读理解
A
Researchers have created a backpack that has a computer and medicines in it that can help even untrained soldiers save the lives of wounded troops. Wounded soldiers have a better chance of survival if they get help soon after being hurt and are quickly taken to a hospital or clinic. But soldiers who do not have medical training may not know how to help their injured friends.
Doctors and engineers have developed what they call an “intelligent backpack”. It has a computer and electronic measuring devices. The backpack also has robotic instruments and medicines ready to be given to the injured troops.
About 16 doctors and engineers from the University of Pittsburgh, Carnegie Mellon University and several other places are working on the project. The U．S. Department of Defense has given money to the project.
Ron Poropatich leads the project. He is a retired army surgeon. He says the backpack will help soldiers care for those who are injured. The devices included in the backpack can monitor a person’s heart rate and blood pressure. The robotic instruments can even tell whether the soldier has a collapsed lung.
The intelligent backpack’s computer can compare information gathered about the injured soldier with thousands of similar cases, and quickly tell the best methods to save the soldier’s life.
Sometimes, it is not always possible to quickly remove the injured soldier from the battlefield. So, Dr.Poropatich says, the researchers hope to create a backpack that will have devices that can keep a soldier alive for a long time. Dr. Poropatich hopes the backpack and its instruments will be ready for testing on animals in about three years.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究者发明的一种“智能背包”，它内有电脑、药物等，可以及时救助伤员。
1．What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A．Soldiers should have taken medical training.
B．Most of the soldiers can’t use the backpack correctly.
C．The backpack can play a big part in the battlefield.
D．Wars or battles have brought harm to the world.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“...can help even untrained soldiers save the lives of wounded troops.Wounded soldiers have a better chance of survival...”可以推测出，这种“智能背包”能够在战场上发挥重要作用。
2．How many kinds of items are mentioned in the backpack?
A．2. B．3.
C．4. D．5.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It has a computer and electronic measuring devices. The backpack also has robotic instruments and medicines ready to be given to the injured troops.”可知，“智能背包”里的物品有四种，故选C。
3．What can we know according to Ron Poropatich?
A．The project got support from the whole world.
B．The robotic instruments can monitor lungs.
C．The injurer’s heart disease can be cured.
D．The devices can adjust soldiers’ blood pressure.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The robotic instruments can even tell whether the soldier has a collapsed lung.”可知，这种装置可以指出士兵的肺是否萎陷，即这种装置可以监测肺的情况。故选B项。
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A．Researchers and Their Wonderful Discovery
B．Medical Care Tested on the Wounded Soldiers
C．Robotic Devices Used in the Battlefield
D．Emergency Medical Care in a Backpack
D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种可以及时向伤员提供紧急医疗救助的“智能背包”，故选D。
B
Whether kids are reading an interesting book or watching a funny television show，there are three words they probably fear hearing in the evening: time for bed! There’s always a question existing in their mind: Why does bedtime always have to arrive so soon to break up whatever fun we’re having?
Most children will ask for extra time. Some may even try to argue with logic(逻辑). After all, aren’t adults supposed to set a good example for children? If adults stay up later, shouldn’t children be allowed to stay up later, either? Unfortunately for children everywhere, that logic simply doesn’t hold water. In fact, science is fairly on the side of adults. No matter how unfair it seems, children simply need more sleep than adults.
Even though sleeping seems to be the most boring and unproductive thing you could be doing, it’s actually very important to your physical and mental health. In addition to providing energy for your body, sleep helps your brain work at its best, too. Scientists believe that the brain remains active during certain periods of sleep, sorting through and storing information from the day.
As a general rule, young children need between 9 and 11 hours of sleep each night. Teenagers usually need between 8 and 10 hours of sleep nightly. But why do kids need that extra sleep? In fact, children are still in the process of growing—both physically and mentally—and that extra sleep is what their bodies need to grow in a healthy way. Once they have stopped growing, they don’t need so much sleep.
Sleeping less than a regular basis can do harm to your health. In addition to feeling physically tired, you can also feel psychologically(心理上地) tired when you can’t get enough sleep. It can lead to an inability to focus and think clearly. Being overly tired can also make relatively-easy things seem nearly impossible. What’s worse, too little sleep can make you get sick easily.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。儿童处于成长阶段，与成人相比，需要更多的睡眠，以保证他们的身体健康地成长。
5．What do we know about kids in paragraph 1?
A．They dislike sleeping.
B．They fear hearing orders at night.
C．They hate bedtime’s breaking up their fun.
D．They need extra time to read or watch TV.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的There’s always a question existing in their mind: Why does bedtime always have to arrive so soon to break up whatever fun we’re having？和第二段中的Most children will ask for extra time.可知，孩子们讨厌睡觉影响他们的娱乐。
6．The underlined part in paragraph 2 means that logic ________．
A．doesn’t make sense
B．can’t be proven
C．should be supported
D．needs to be explained
A 解析：句意理解题。根据第二段中的In fact, science is fairly on the side of adults. 可知，科学是站在成年人这边的，所以可推测，此句是指孩子们所谓的逻辑站不住脚。
7．According to the passage, why do kids need extra sleep compared with adults?
A．It helps them grow taller.
B．It improves their intelligence.
C．It benefits their healthy growth.
D．It reduces their risk of developing disease.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的In fact, children are still in the process of growing...extra sleep is what their bodies need to grow in a healthy way. Once they have stopped growing, they don’t need so much sleep. 可知，孩子们之所以比成人需要的睡眠时间多，是因为他们还在长身体，充足的睡眠可以使得他们健康地成长。
8．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．The benefits of sleeping properly.
B．The cause of people’s sleeping less.
C．The negative effects of sleeping less.
D．The connection between sleep and illness.
C 解析：段落大意题。文章最后一段主要讲的是睡眠时间少可能会带来的负面影响。
完形填空
Traveling from one city or country to another can contribute to the spread of disease.When people arrive in a 1 place, they may bring in germs(病菌) that were not 2 before.The people there have no natural protection against these new germs, so they catch the disease more 3 ．Because it is unfamiliar, health workers may not 4 it, and may not take any measures to stop it from 5 ．People with the disease may continue to have 6 with others.In this way, the germs travel from person to person through the population.
Heating and cooling systems can also be a 7 of disease.They tend to collect dirt and water, which creates the perfect 8 for germs to grow.Then when the air conditioner is turned on, the germs are blown into the home or office and make people sick.This 9 was first recognized by scientists in July 1976.
Pollution of the 10 can also be a factor in spreading disease.The pollution may be caused by 11 used in farming that are washed into rivers, and then into the ocean.Or it may be human waste that is dumped 12 into the ocean with no processing.These chemicals or human waste results in the 13 of tiny plants called algae(海藻)．They provide an ideal home for a deadly 14 called cholera.When a ship passes through the algae, some of it may stick to the ship’s bottom, along with some of the cholera germs.These germs then travel with the ship around the world, 15 diseases that may kill thousands of people.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇科普类说明文。文章主要介绍了几种病菌传播的途径，通过被人从一个地方带到另外一个地方传播、通过空调系统传播以及通过行驶在海洋中的船只传播等。
1．A.new B．familiar
C．particular D．famous
A 解析：根据上文中“Traveling from one city or country to another...”和下文中的“bring in germs(病菌)”可知，当人们到一个新的地方时，他们可能会带来病菌。A项意为“新的”，符合语境，故A项正确。B项意为“熟悉的”；C项意为“尤其的，特别的”；D项意为“著名的”，都与语境不符。
2．A.strange B．special
C．present D．noticeable
C 解析：根据上文中的“arrive in”和该句中的“bring in”及“before”可知，在这个地方这种病菌以前没有出现过。C项意为“出席的；存在的”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“奇怪的”；B项意为“特别的”；D项意为“注意到的”，都与语境不符。
3．A.easily B．willingly
C．naturally D．accidentally
A 解析：根据该句中“The people there have no natural protection against these new germs”可知，由于人们对这种病菌没有天然的抵抗力，所以他们更容易患病。A项意为“容易地”，符合语境，故A项正确。B项意为“愿意地”；C项意为“自然地”；D项意为“偶然地”，都与语境不符。
4．A.protect B．stop
C．permit D．identify
D 解析：根据该句中的“unfamiliar”可知，这种病之前没有出现过，所以医疗工作者可能也不能识别它(是什么病)。D项意为“识别，确认，认出，鉴定”，符合语境，故D项正确。A项意为“保护”；B项意为“阻止，停止”；C项意为“允许”，都与语境不符。
5．A.changing B．dying
C．spreading D．growing
C 解析：根据该句中的“unfamiliar”以及“may not take any measures”可知，由于这种病没有出现过，医疗工作者无法识别它，所以也就可能无法采取任何措施来阻止这种病的传播。C项意为“传播”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“改变”；B项意为“死亡”；D项意为“生长”，都与语境不符。
6．A.trade B．contact
C．fun D．communication
B 解析：根据下文中的“...person to person through the population”可知，患上这种病的人可能会继续接触他人，使得这种疾病在人群中传播开来，have contact with others为固定搭配，意为“和他人有接触”，故B项正确。A项意为“交易，贸易”；C项意为“乐趣”；D项意为“交流”，都与语境不符。
7．A.form B．source
C．result D．phenomenon
B 解析：根据语境可知，空调的加热和制冷系统也可能是疾病的来源。B项意为“来源”，符合语境，故B项正确。A项意为“形式”；C项意为“结果”；D项意为“现象”，都与语境不符。
8．A.plant B．air
C．environment D．temperature
C 解析：根据该句中的“dirt and water”以及“for germs to grow”可知，空调中吸收的灰尘和水源为这种病菌创造了完美的成长环境，C项意为“环境”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“植物”；B项意为“空气”；D项意为“温度”，都与语境不符。
9．A.office B．bacterium
C．conditioner D．problem
D 解析：根据上文的“the germs are blown into the home or office and make people sick”可知，这是一个导致人们生病的问题，所以此处是指1976年7月科学家们第一次认识到了这一问题。D项意为“问题”，符合语境，故D项正确。A项意为“办公室”；B项意为“细菌”；C项意为“调节器；护发素”，都与语境不符。
10．A.farms B．rivers
C．oceans D．plants
C 解析：根据下文中的“and then into the ocean”可知，海洋的污染也是疾病传播的因素。C项意为“海洋”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“农场”；B项意为“河流”，根据本句大意可知，河流只是污染物流向海洋前的一个过程，造成疾病传播的是海洋污染，而非河流污染；D项意为“植物”，都与语境不符。
11．A.chemicals B．machines
C．crops D．animals
A 解析：根据该句中的“used in farming”以及下文中的“These chemicals or...”可知，这种污染是由用于农业的化学品所导致的。A项意为“化学制品”，符合语境，故A项正确。B项意为“机器”；C项意为“庄稼”；D项意为“动物”，都与语境不符。
12．A.quickly B．directly
C．thoughtlessly D．effortlessly
B 解析：根据该句中的“with no processing”可知，人类的垃圾是不经过任何加工处理而被直接倒入海洋的。B项意为“直接地”，符合语境，故B项正确。A项意为“快速地”；C项意为“欠考虑地，轻率地”；D项意为“不费力地”，都与语境不符。
13．A.death B．change
C．movement D．increase
D 解析：根据下文中的“They provide an ideal home...”可知，这些化学品和人类的垃圾导致了一种藻类的增加。D项意为“增加”，符合语境，故D项正确。A项意为“死亡”；B项意为“改变”；C项意为“移动”，都与语境不符。
14．A.animal B．fish
C．plant D．disease
D 解析：根据该段最后一句中的“diseases”可知，这种海藻为一种致命的疾病提供了良好的生存环境。D项意为“疾病”，符合语境，故D项正确。A项意为“动物”；B项意为“鱼”；C项意为“植物”，都与语境不符。
15．A.curing B．causing
C．removing D．fighting
B 解析：根据语境可知，这些病菌随着船传播到世界各地，导致可能会杀死成千上万人的疾病。B项意为“导致”，符合语境，故B项正确。A项意为“治愈”；C项意为“移除”；D项意为“战争”，都与语境不符。
Section Ⅱ Integrating skills & Developing ideas
重点单词
阅读词汇
(在不认识的单词前划√)
□instance n． □chemist n． □astronomer n． □biologist n． □species n.
□stream n. □extraordinary adj. □brilliant adj. □radium n. □draft v.
□fiction n. □metal n. □flash n. □gravity n. □procedure n.
写作词汇
1.beyond prep. 无法……
2.theory_n. 学说，理论
3.cure n. 药剂；疗法
4.experiment n． (科学)实验
5.conduct_v. 传导(热、电)
6.account_n. 记述，描述
拓展词汇
7.passive_adj.被动的→(反义词)active adj.主动的；积极的
8.significant_adj.重要的，影响深远的→significance n．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义
9.injure v．使受伤，弄伤→injury n．伤害；侮辱
10.accurate adj. 精确的→accurately adv.精确地
11.minor adj.小的→minority n．少数；少数民族
12.origin n．起源，起因→original adj.原始的；最初的
13.declaration n. 声明，宣告→declare vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称
14.attach v．系，绑；贴→attached adj.依恋的，附属于
15.scientific adj.科学(上)的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家
16.entirely_adv. 完全地，彻底地→entire adj.整个的；完全的；全部的
17.proof n. 证明，证据→prove v．证明是；被发现是
重点短语
1.beyond recognition 面目全非；无法辨认
2.for instance 例如
3.name...after... 以……命名
4.due to 由于
5.regard...as... 认为……是……
6.tie...to... 把……拴/系在……上
7.along with 与……一起；连同……一起
8.contribute towards 有助于，为……贡献
9.take place 发生；进行
10.more than one 不止一个
11.die from 死于
12.come up with 想出；提出
13.hit sb. on the head 打在某人头上
14.apart from 除……之外
重点句型
1.with＋宾语＋宾语补足语：He raised the kite with a piece of string tied to it(用一根绳子拴在上面).
2.同位语从句：In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head(没有证据表明它击中了他的头部).
3.部分否定：But in science, facts should be proved by experiments and research, and we should not always(并不总是) believe everything we read or hear—even if it is a great story.
Read the text on Pages 32－33 and choose the best answer.
1．Who proved the Franklin’s experiment was NOT true?
A．Franklin himself.
B．His neighbors of his town.
C．Some scientists after him.
D．Some students in the schools.
2．From the first two paragraphs, what do we know about the experiment?
A．Only Franklin wanted to know the relation between electricity and lightning.
B．Franklin taught many children about his findings in different schools.
C．People had already known the cause of lightning before Franklin’s experiment.
D．As a scientist Franklin was admired for his attitude to science.
3．What people are inspired for in Franklin’s story?
A．His bravery and scientific approach.
B．The kite with a key tied to the string.
C．The stormy weather with lightning.
D．His touching on the metal key.
4．What was TRUE to Newton’s story we know?
A．The scientists didn’t see the apple falling on Newton’s head.
B．Scientists like to question everything around them.
C．No one can prove the apple really hit Newton on the head.
D．The falling apple inspired Newton to think deeply about why.
答案：1－4.CDAD
significant adj.重要的，影响深远的
(教材P29)But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine.
但也许迄今为止人们取得的最重大的成功是在医学上。
significance n． 意义；意思；重要性；重要意义
be of (great/no/little) significance to/for... 对……(很/不)重要
attach (great) significance to 认为……(很)重要
①The most significant thing you should keep in mind is that most of the questions are easy if you make use of correct methods.
你应该牢记的最重要的事情是如果你使用正确的方法的话，大部分问题是容易的。
②Only then did he realize the significance(significant) of protecting wild animals.
只有在那时他才意识到保护野生动物的重要性。
③In my view，practicing handwriting is of great significance(significant) to the students’ growth.
我认为，练习书法对学生的成长有着重要的意义。
[巧学活用]——词汇升级
(普通表达)With time going by, people think education is very important.
(高级表达)With time going by，people attach great significance to education.
cure n．药剂，疗法 vt.治愈；治疗；改掉(坏习惯)
(教材P31)Currently, there’s no cure for Alzheimer’s, but scientists are researching ways to improve the quality of life for people living with the disease.
目前，阿尔茨海默氏症还没有治愈的方法，但是科学家们正在研究改善阿尔茨海默氏症患者生活质量的方法。
(1)a cure for... ……的治疗方法；解决问题的措施
(2)cure sb.of sth. 治愈某人的(某种疾病)；改正某人的(不良行为)
①(湖北卷)Many bad habits can be especially difficult to cure because they are likely to have been formed at a very young age.
许多坏习惯特别难以纠正，因为它们可能是人们在年幼时就形成了的。
②I hold the firm belief that scientists will find a cure for_cancer sooner or later.
我坚信科学家迟早有一天会找到治疗癌症的方法。
③She tried every means to cure her child of the bad habit.
她想尽了一切办法试图改正她孩子的这个坏习惯。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
在父母和老师的帮助下，我改正了一些缺点，在学习上取得了进步。
With the help of my parents and teachers, I cured some shortcomings and made progress in my study.
与cure sb. of sth.结构相似的短语
rob sb.of sth. 抢劫某人的某物
inform sb.of sth. 通知某人某事
remind sb.of sth. 使某人想起某事
apart from 除……之外
(教材P32)Apart from being a successful statesman, he was also well known as a leading American author, printer and publisher, successful diplomat, creative scientist and inventor. 他不仅是一位成功的政治家，还是一位美国著名的作家、印刷商和出版商、成功的外交家、富有创造力的科学家和发明家。
①Apart from hard-working, he was modest. No wonder he could make great achievements.
除了工作努力，他还很谦逊。难怪他会取得重大成就。
②The office is empty apart from the dustman after work every day.
每天下班后办公室里除了清洁工，什么人也没有。
apart from具有双重含义，既相当于except/but(除……之外)，又相当于besides/in addition to(除……之外还有)。
apart from
具有多重意义，既可代替besides，也可代替except或except for
besides
“除了……之外(还有)”，即把除去的部分也包括在整体之内
except
“除了……之外”，表示在整体中减去一部分，除去的部分不包括在整体之内
[巧学活用]——选词填空(apart from/except/besides)
(1)Apart from/Besides being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.
(2)It’s really a good film apart from the ending.
(3)The shop is open every day except on Sundays.
attach v．系，绑，贴；使依恋；重视
(教材P32)A metal key was attached to the string.
绳子上系着一把钥匙。
(1)attach sth.to sth. 把……附在……上，把……固定到……上
attach importance/significance to... 认为……重要/有意义
(2)attached adj. (作表语)依恋的；附属于
be attached to 附属于；依恋
①(全国卷Ⅰ)So I have no choice but to bother you to correct my mistakes in the material I attach to the letter.
所以我别无选择，只能麻烦你纠正我在信中附带的材料中的错误。
②On returning home, she found a note attached(attach) to the door, reading “Call in later.”
一回到家，她就发现门口贴着一个纸条，写着“稍后来访。”
③(天津卷)My parents always attach great importance to my getting a good education.
我的父母一直非常重视让我得到良好的教育。
④The boy is now studying in the middle school attached(attach) to Peking University.
那个男孩正在北京大学附属中学就读。
come up with 想出；提出
(教材P33)Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton’s head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity.
一些人甚至质疑苹果掉在牛顿头上并由此导致牛顿提出万有引力定律那个故事。
come about 产生，发生
come across 遇见，(偶然)发现
come out 出来；(书等)出版，发行
come up 走上前；上来；被提出，被提及
when it comes to... 当涉及……；当谈到……
①(福建卷)I was amazed that he’d come up with this sweet idea.
他提出了一个如此美妙的想法，对此我感到惊讶。
②He is expected to come up with some ideas after he considers this problem.
希望他在考虑了这个问题后会提出一些看法。
常与come up with放在一起考查的短语
keep up with 与……同步，跟上(强调状态)
catch up with 跟上(强调动作)
put up with 忍耐，忍受；熬过
end up with 以……结束
同位语从句
(教材P33)In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head.
事实上，不止一种说法表明，虽然牛顿确实是受到了一个掉落的苹果的启发，但没有证据表明它击中了他的头部。
本句为复杂的主从复合句。句中that引导的是同位语从句。
(1)在that引导的同位语从句中，that在从句中不作任何成分，也无具体意义，只起连接作用，但是一般不能省略。
(2)引导同位语从句的连接词还有：whether, what, which, when, where, why, how等。
(3)常接同位语从句的抽象名词：belief, doubt, news, hope, possibility, fact, suggestion等。
①The news that they had won the game soon spread all over the school.
他们比赛获胜的消息很快便传遍了整个学校。
②The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.
你认为不动脑筋就能做好这份工作的想法是完全错误的。
that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别
类 别
功 能
引导词that的作用
同位语
从句
对前面的名词进行解释说明，是名词的内容的体现
只起连接作用，不作成分，但一般不能省略
定语从句
对前面的名词进行修饰或限定
既替代先行词，又在从句中充当主语或宾语
[巧学活用1]——单句语法填空
(1)I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different.
(2)The question whether English will keep on changing in the future is easy to answer since it is certain that this process will continue.
(3)I have no idea what we can do with these waste materials in the future.
[巧学活用2]——判断下列句子中的画线部分是同位语从句还是定语从句
(4)The suggestionthat the meeting be postponed was put forward.同位语从句
(5)The suggestion that he put forward at the meeting yesterday was turned down.定语从句
品句填词
1．Kathy seems to take a very passive(被动的) role in the relationship.
2．We need to get some more accurate(精确的) information.
3．The two astronauts did lots of scientific(科学的) experiments in space.
4．They have attached(贴，附)a number of conditions to the agreement.
5．We have proof(证据) that this man didn’t steal your car.
6．As we know, language is one of the significant(重要的) means for mankind to convey thoughts and feelings.
7．Scientists all over the world have been looking for cures(疗法) for cancer for many years.
8．The boss was entirely(完全地) satisfied with what the workers had done.
9．This book has given us a vivid account(描述) of the life in the desert.
10．Not only can it exercise flexibility(灵活性), but also it can help develop physical and mental(精神的) health.
完成句子
1．她也提出了一种解决这个问题的新建议。
She came up with a new suggestion to solve the problem as well.
2．在这个男孩的带领下，我们昨天很容易就找到了那座房子。
With the boy leading the way, we found the house easily yesterday.
3．这家医院附属于附近的那所医学院。
This hospital is attached to the medical college nearby.
4．能挣钱并不一定是衡量人生成功的标准。
Success in making money is not always_a good criterion of success in life.
5．我不知道他为什么拒绝进一步讨论这些事。
I have no idea why he refused to discuss these things further.
单句语法填空
1．The more we are aware of the significance_(significant) of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.
2．Presently, a minority(minor) of the students at this school cheats during exams.
3．Apart from English, his wife has a good command of French and Russian.
4．After graduation, he has been working in a middle school，which is attached(attach) to Nanjing Normal University.
5．The car accident was horrible, but nobody knows how it came about．
6．The teacher told me the fact that it was determination and hard work that made her successful.
7．The flight was put off on account of bad weather, so I had no choice but to wait at the airport.
8．Unluckily, he injured(injure) his left leg when playing football.
9．Scientific(science) knowledge should be made full use of to help us live a happy life.
10．He is proud of his ability to remember things accurately(accurate)．
完成句子
1．这种新药的发现对心脏病患者来说意义重大。
The discovery of the new drug is of great significance for/to people suffering from heart problems.
2．说实在的，很多人把名和利看得很重。
To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to_becoming rich and famous.
3．昨天在会议上他提出了一条好建议。
He came up with a good suggestion at the meeting yesterday.
4．我们还没解决这个问题：谁将被派往北京参加那个会议。
We haven’t yet settled the question who will be sent to Beijing for the meeting．
5．他是一个狂热的篮球迷，想给儿子取名为乔丹。
Being a huge basketball fan, he wanted to name his son after_Jordan.
阅读理解
A
“You care for nothing but shooting dogs and catching rats.You will shame yourself and all your family，” Darwin’s father once said to him.
Most people know that Charles Darwin was the father of evolutionary biology.However, what is not widely known is what sort of person he was.
In his autobiography(自传), Darwin described himself as a rather “naughty” child.He stole fruit from the trees on the side of his parents’ house, made up wild stories, and tried to be the center of attention in the family.
Even worse, it seemed that Charles Darwin was a lazy young man and a slow learner at grammar school.He was a rather shy student but he did take great pleasure in showing off his athletic skills to the other schoolboys.It is not known how well Darwin did at school, but we could say that he was likely to be an unremarkable student.
When Darwin was nine years old, his father sent him to a boy’s boarding school.At this school, Darwin learned classics, ancient history and Greek, all of which he found boring.He was not inspired much by his schooling.He found his only pleasure there was reading Shakespeare’s historical plays, the poems of Byron, Scott, and Thomson.His increased interest in natural science was encouraged by events outside his formal education.
As Darwin grew older, collecting became his major hobby.It became very clear that Darwin was not taking his studies seriously.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了达尔文的童年以及他在学校的表现。
1．We can infer from paragraph 1 that when Darwin was a child, his father thought ________．
A．he was not a common child
B．he would become a great man
C．he didn’t care about his family
D．he wouldn’t achieve anything
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中达尔文的父亲对达尔文说的话不难推断，父亲认为达尔文长大后会一事无成，会使达尔文自己和家庭都蒙羞。
2．By mentioning that Darwin made up wild stories, the writer probably wants to show that Darwin ________．
A．had a gift for language
B．liked to be the center of attention
C．was “naughty” when he was a child
D．was a very good storyteller
C 解析：推理判断题。第三段第一句中提到，达尔文在他的自传里说自己是个非常“调皮的”孩子。作者在下文举了几个例子，是为了证明达尔文所说的这个观点。
3．The underlined word“unremarkable”in paragraph 4 probably means “________”．
A．able B．honest
C．ordinary D．ugly
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段前两句话可知， 达尔文小时候在学校并不是出类拔萃的学生， 只是一名很普通的学生， 故此处应选C项ordinary。
4．What do we learn from paragraph 5?
A．Darwin thought classics, ancient history and Greek boring.
B．Darwin was inspired much by his schooling.
C．Darwin disliked reading Shakespeare’s historical plays.
D．Darwin’s interest in natural science was encouraged by events in his formal education.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第二句可知，达尔文觉得古典文化、古代史和希腊语都很枯燥。
B
An interesting bit of research was done with pigeons. A pigeon was put in a box with two levers(操作杆). One lever would set free corn(谷物) with every five pecks(啄). The other lever needed 100 pecks. Which lever would the pigeon choose to peck at? The lever that set free corn more frequently, of course.
People respond similarly. We prefer to receive more frequent rewards. That is the reason why projects are more effectively completed when broken down into smaller parts. For example, if you have a work project needed to be finished three months later, you are likely to tell yourself that you have plenty of time and end up putting off the work until the last few weeks. Unexpected occasions happen and the project is pushed back even further. The result is a project that is rushed and not done as completely and well as it should have been.
If, however, the project is broken down into three smaller parts and you’re required to hand in a part at the end of each of the three months, there won’t be a rush at the end to complete it. One part will be done after only a month and you will have the feeling of achievement, which will spur you to begin the second part. At the end of the second month, the project is to complete. This gives you the time to review it and make any change for improvement. You can truly celebrate a project well done.
Celebrating small achievements is important to enjoying what you do. Looking forward to the appearance of corn on a frequent basis keeps you active to do more. What does your corn look like? Maybe you are like me and prefer to give yourself an actual reward after completing a project. If your corn really exists, the important thing is that you get it frequently. Remember, reward yourself for small achievements and you can live your life to the fullest.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。人们总是喜欢干短期且易见效果的工作，因此将一个长期任务分几段完成能够提高工作效率。
5．What will probably happen if you’re allowed to finish a task in a long time?
A．You may expect others to help you.
B．You won’t be patient to continue it.
C．It won’t be finished as well as expected.
D．It will appear more and more difficult and boring.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的The result is a project that is rushed and not done as completely and well as it should have been.可知，工期长会导致拖延，最后在手忙脚乱的情况下完成的工作会达不到预期的效果。
6．What does the underlined word “spur” in paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A．Warn. B．Forbid.
C．Remind. D．Encourage.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的One part will be done after only a month and you will have the feeling of achievement...可知，作者说一部分工作完成后，你会产生一种成就感，这种成就感能够“激励”你开始从事下一部分的工作。
7．What does the writer mainly talk about in the last paragraph?
A．The importance of finishing your project on time.
B．The benefit of rewarding yourself frequently.
C．How to keep active in your work.
D．How to set rewards wisely in life.
B 解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，该段主要谈论的是庆祝小成就或经常回报自己的重要性或好处。
七选五
Before there was the written word，there was the language of dance.Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and death, and everything else in between.
1．________ We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea.We dance at weddings, birthdays, office parties and just to fill the time.
“I adore dancing，” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa.“I can’t imagine doing anything else with my life.”Bridges runs dance classes for all ages.“Teaching dance is wonderful. 2.________ It’s great to watch them. For many of them, it’s a way of meeting people and having a social life.”
3．________“I can tell you about one young couple，”says Bridges.“They’re learning to do traditional dances.They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile.4.________”
So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better，calmer and healthier？Andrea Hillier says，“Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life.Even after all these years，I want to get better and better.5.________ I find it hard to stop！Dancing reminds me I’m alive.”
A．So why do we dance?
B．Dance in the U．S. is everywhere.
C．My older students say it makes them feel young.
D．If you like dancing outdoors, come to America.
E．Dancing seems to change their feelings completely.
F．I keep practicing even when I’m extremely tired.
G．They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了跳舞的诸多好处。
1．B 解析：根据下文中的“We dance from Florida to Alaska，from north to south and sea to sea.We dance at weddings，birthdays，office parties and just to fill the time.”可知，B选项“在美国，跳舞无处不在。”切题，故选B项。
2．C 解析：根据上文中的“Bridges runs dance classes for all ages.”及下文中的“It’s great to watch them.”可知是在谈论学员们，再根据本段最后一句可知，此段主要介绍了跳舞对学员们的好处，故选C项。
3．A 解析：根据下文中的“I can tell you about one young couple”可知，下文是通过举例来介绍人们跳舞的原因，故选A项。
4．E 解析：根据上文中的“They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile.”可知，他们情绪低落地来到班里，带着微笑离开。该空承接上文，E选项“看起来舞蹈完全改变了他们的心情。”切题，故选E项。
5．F 解析：根据下文中的“I find it hard to stop！”可知，作者发现很难停止跳舞。该空引出下文，F选项“我一直练习，即使当我特别累的时候。”切题，故选F项。
课件39张PPT。Unit 3 The world of sciencebeyondtheorycureexperimentconductaccountpassivesignificantinjureaccurateminororigindeclarationattachscientificentirelyproofbeyond recognitionfor instancename...after...due toregard...as...tie...to...along withcontribute towardstake placemore than onedie fromcome up withhit sb. on the headapart fromstring tied to itwith a piece ofproof that it hit him on the headthere is nonot alwayssignificancesignificanceattach great significance toforofcured someshortcomingsapart fromApart from/Besidesapart fromexceptattachedtoattachedcome up withthatthatwhetherwhat同位语从句定语从句按ESC键退出全屏播放本部分内容讲解结束
品句填词
1．Kathy seems to take a very passive(被动的) role in the relationship.
2．We need to get some more accurate(精确的) information.
3．The two astronauts did lots of scientific(科学的) experiments in space.
4．They have attached(贴，附)a number of conditions to the agreement.
5．We have proof(证据) that this man didn’t steal your car.
6．As we know, language is one of the significant(重要的) means for mankind to convey thoughts and feelings.
7．Scientists all over the world have been looking for cures(疗法) for cancer for many years.
8．The boss was entirely(完全地) satisfied with what the workers had done.
9．This book has given us a vivid account(描述) of the life in the desert.
10．Not only can it exercise flexibility(灵活性), but also it can help develop physical and mental(精神的) health.
完成句子
1．她也提出了一种解决这个问题的新建议。
She came up with a new suggestion to solve the problem as well.
2．在这个男孩的带领下，我们昨天很容易就找到了那座房子。
With the boy leading the way, we found the house easily yesterday.
3．这家医院附属于附近的那所医学院。
This hospital is attached to the medical college nearby.
4．能挣钱并不一定是衡量人生成功的标准。
Success in making money is not always_a good criterion of success in life.
5．我不知道他为什么拒绝进一步讨论这些事。
I have no idea why he refused to discuss these things further.
单句语法填空
1．The more we are aware of the significance_(significant) of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.
2．Presently, a minority(minor) of the students at this school cheats during exams.
3．Apart from English, his wife has a good command of French and Russian.
4．After graduation, he has been working in a middle school，which is attached(attach) to Nanjing Normal University.
5．The car accident was horrible, but nobody knows how it came about．
6．The teacher told me the fact that it was determination and hard work that made her successful.
7．The flight was put off on account of bad weather, so I had no choice but to wait at the airport.
8．Unluckily, he injured(injure) his left leg when playing football.
9．Scientific(science) knowledge should be made full use of to help us live a happy life.
10．He is proud of his ability to remember things accurately(accurate)．
完成句子
1．这种新药的发现对心脏病患者来说意义重大。
The discovery of the new drug is of great significance for/to people suffering from heart problems.
2．说实在的，很多人把名和利看得很重。
To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to_becoming rich and famous.
3．昨天在会议上他提出了一条好建议。
He came up with a good suggestion at the meeting yesterday.
4．我们还没解决这个问题：谁将被派往北京参加那个会议。
We haven’t yet settled the question who will be sent to Beijing for the meeting．
5．他是一个狂热的篮球迷，想给儿子取名为乔丹。
Being a huge basketball fan, he wanted to name his son after_Jordan.
阅读理解
A
“You care for nothing but shooting dogs and catching rats.You will shame yourself and all your family，” Darwin’s father once said to him.
Most people know that Charles Darwin was the father of evolutionary biology.However, what is not widely known is what sort of person he was.
In his autobiography(自传), Darwin described himself as a rather “naughty” child.He stole fruit from the trees on the side of his parents’ house, made up wild stories, and tried to be the center of attention in the family.
Even worse, it seemed that Charles Darwin was a lazy young man and a slow learner at grammar school.He was a rather shy student but he did take great pleasure in showing off his athletic skills to the other schoolboys.It is not known how well Darwin did at school, but we could say that he was likely to be an unremarkable student.
When Darwin was nine years old, his father sent him to a boy’s boarding school.At this school, Darwin learned classics, ancient history and Greek, all of which he found boring.He was not inspired much by his schooling.He found his only pleasure there was reading Shakespeare’s historical plays, the poems of Byron, Scott, and Thomson.His increased interest in natural science was encouraged by events outside his formal education.
As Darwin grew older, collecting became his major hobby.It became very clear that Darwin was not taking his studies seriously.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了达尔文的童年以及他在学校的表现。
1．We can infer from paragraph 1 that when Darwin was a child, his father thought ________．
A．he was not a common child
B．he would become a great man
C．he didn’t care about his family
D．he wouldn’t achieve anything
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中达尔文的父亲对达尔文说的话不难推断，父亲认为达尔文长大后会一事无成，会使达尔文自己和家庭都蒙羞。
2．By mentioning that Darwin made up wild stories, the writer probably wants to show that Darwin ________．
A．had a gift for language
B．liked to be the center of attention
C．was “naughty” when he was a child
D．was a very good storyteller
C 解析：推理判断题。第三段第一句中提到，达尔文在他的自传里说自己是个非常“调皮的”孩子。作者在下文举了几个例子，是为了证明达尔文所说的这个观点。
3．The underlined word“unremarkable”in paragraph 4 probably means “________”．
A．able B．honest
C．ordinary D．ugly
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段前两句话可知， 达尔文小时候在学校并不是出类拔萃的学生， 只是一名很普通的学生， 故此处应选C项ordinary。
4．What do we learn from paragraph 5?
A．Darwin thought classics, ancient history and Greek boring.
B．Darwin was inspired much by his schooling.
C．Darwin disliked reading Shakespeare’s historical plays.
D．Darwin’s interest in natural science was encouraged by events in his formal education.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第二句可知，达尔文觉得古典文化、古代史和希腊语都很枯燥。
B
An interesting bit of research was done with pigeons. A pigeon was put in a box with two levers(操作杆). One lever would set free corn(谷物) with every five pecks(啄). The other lever needed 100 pecks. Which lever would the pigeon choose to peck at? The lever that set free corn more frequently, of course.
People respond similarly. We prefer to receive more frequent rewards. That is the reason why projects are more effectively completed when broken down into smaller parts. For example, if you have a work project needed to be finished three months later, you are likely to tell yourself that you have plenty of time and end up putting off the work until the last few weeks. Unexpected occasions happen and the project is pushed back even further. The result is a project that is rushed and not done as completely and well as it should have been.
If, however, the project is broken down into three smaller parts and you’re required to hand in a part at the end of each of the three months, there won’t be a rush at the end to complete it. One part will be done after only a month and you will have the feeling of achievement, which will spur you to begin the second part. At the end of the second month, the project is to complete. This gives you the time to review it and make any change for improvement. You can truly celebrate a project well done.
Celebrating small achievements is important to enjoying what you do. Looking forward to the appearance of corn on a frequent basis keeps you active to do more. What does your corn look like? Maybe you are like me and prefer to give yourself an actual reward after completing a project. If your corn really exists, the important thing is that you get it frequently. Remember, reward yourself for small achievements and you can live your life to the fullest.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。人们总是喜欢干短期且易见效果的工作，因此将一个长期任务分几段完成能够提高工作效率。
5．What will probably happen if you’re allowed to finish a task in a long time?
A．You may expect others to help you.
B．You won’t be patient to continue it.
C．It won’t be finished as well as expected.
D．It will appear more and more difficult and boring.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的The result is a project that is rushed and not done as completely and well as it should have been.可知，工期长会导致拖延，最后在手忙脚乱的情况下完成的工作会达不到预期的效果。
6．What does the underlined word “spur” in paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A．Warn. B．Forbid.
C．Remind. D．Encourage.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的One part will be done after only a month and you will have the feeling of achievement...可知，作者说一部分工作完成后，你会产生一种成就感，这种成就感能够“激励”你开始从事下一部分的工作。
7．What does the writer mainly talk about in the last paragraph?
A．The importance of finishing your project on time.
B．The benefit of rewarding yourself frequently.
C．How to keep active in your work.
D．How to set rewards wisely in life.
B 解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，该段主要谈论的是庆祝小成就或经常回报自己的重要性或好处。
七选五
Before there was the written word，there was the language of dance.Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and death, and everything else in between.
1．________ We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea.We dance at weddings, birthdays, office parties and just to fill the time.
“I adore dancing，” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa.“I can’t imagine doing anything else with my life.”Bridges runs dance classes for all ages.“Teaching dance is wonderful. 2.________ It’s great to watch them. For many of them, it’s a way of meeting people and having a social life.”
3．________“I can tell you about one young couple，”says Bridges.“They’re learning to do traditional dances.They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile.4.________”
So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better，calmer and healthier？Andrea Hillier says，“Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life.Even after all these years，I want to get better and better.5.________ I find it hard to stop！Dancing reminds me I’m alive.”
A．So why do we dance?
B．Dance in the U．S. is everywhere.
C．My older students say it makes them feel young.
D．If you like dancing outdoors, come to America.
E．Dancing seems to change their feelings completely.
F．I keep practicing even when I’m extremely tired.
G．They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了跳舞的诸多好处。
1．B 解析：根据下文中的“We dance from Florida to Alaska，from north to south and sea to sea.We dance at weddings，birthdays，office parties and just to fill the time.”可知，B选项“在美国，跳舞无处不在。”切题，故选B项。
2．C 解析：根据上文中的“Bridges runs dance classes for all ages.”及下文中的“It’s great to watch them.”可知是在谈论学员们，再根据本段最后一句可知，此段主要介绍了跳舞对学员们的好处，故选C项。
3．A 解析：根据下文中的“I can tell you about one young couple”可知，下文是通过举例来介绍人们跳舞的原因，故选A项。
4．E 解析：根据上文中的“They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile.”可知，他们情绪低落地来到班里，带着微笑离开。该空承接上文，E选项“看起来舞蹈完全改变了他们的心情。”切题，故选E项。
5．F 解析：根据下文中的“I find it hard to stop！”可知，作者发现很难停止跳舞。该空引出下文，F选项“我一直练习，即使当我特别累的时候。”切题，故选F项。
Section Ⅲ Using language & Writing
现在完成时的被动语态
一、构成
肯定式
主语＋have/has been done...
否定式
主语＋have/has not been done...
一般疑问式
Have/Has＋主语＋been done...？
特殊疑问式
疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done...？
◆He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting.
他已被挑选出来参加运动会。
◆The ink has not been removed from his overcoat.
墨迹还没有从他外套上去掉。
◆Has the date for the next meeting been decided?
下次会议的日期已确定了吗？
◆How long has the battery not been changed?
电池多久没有更换了？
二、用法
1．现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already，yet，just, never, recently等副词连用。
◆The machine has already been repaired.
机器已经修好了。
2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long ...？”句型中。
◆Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours.
公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。
◆How long has this film been shown?
这部电影已放映多长时间了？
3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
◆You shouldn’t leave school before your homework has been finished.
在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。
常与现在完成时连用的时间状语
recently/lately 最近
since then 从那时起
ever since 自那以来
by now 到现在为止
for a long time 很长一段时间
ever 曾经
in recent years 在最近几年里
yet 已经
in/during/over the past/last years 在过去的几年里
already 已经
so far 迄今为止
三、注意事项
1．只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
◆His boss has already punished him.
→He has already been punished by his boss.
2．带有双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。
◆The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently.
→He has been given a chance to work abroad recently by the company.
→A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently by the company.
单句语法填空
1．More than 50，000 yuan has been raised(raise) for the poor family since the group was founded.
2．Black Friday has been regarded(regard) as the beginning of the holiday shopping season for years.
3．—Have you heard about that fire in the market?
—Yes, fortunately no one was hurt(hurt)．
4．Since the early 1990s, a lot of clinics have been founded(found) in this country to treat poor people for free.
5．Some efforts were made(make) to improve the air quality in the city last winter.
6．Over the past three years, the paintings have been taken(take) to more than 20 museums in the world.
7．Lots of studies have shown(show) that global warming has already become a very serious problem.
8．More than $10 million had been spent(spend) carrying out the project by the end of last year.
9．The famous musician, as well as his students，was invited(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony last night.
10．The English song has been sung(sing) for many years, but we still like it.
语法与写作
1．The boys have been told many times(男孩们已经被多次告知) not to swim in that lake, but it doesn’t make any difference.
2．We are glad to be told that Li Tao has been admitted to Fudan University(已经被复旦大学录取) for his top scores in the Maths Contest.
3．When and where to go for the on-salary holiday has not been decided(没有确定) yet.
4．Though we don’t know what was discussed, yet we can feel the topic has been changed(已被改变了)．
5．That book has been translated(已经被翻译) into at least 20 foreign languages so far.
实验报告
文体感知
实验报告是把实验目的、方法、过程、结果等记录下来， 经过整理写成的书面汇总材料。实验报告要明确体现实验目的、步骤和结果， 对具体实验现象的描述要客观准确， 分析要全面具体， 语言要简洁质朴、通俗易懂。
增分佳句
1．描写实验目的：
(1)... carry out an experiment to find out...
(2)The aim of the experiment is to find...
(3)... with the purpose of discovering...
2．描写实验用品：
(1)To carry out/make/do/perform the experiment, you need...
(2)The following things are needed...
(3)The following apparatus is used...
3．描写实验方法或过程：
(1)... make good preparations for...
(2)It is important that...
(3)... do the experiment as follows.
(firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally; first, then, next, after that, two hours’ later; after several days)
(4)find a better way of doing
(5)... make a good study of...
4．描写实验结论：
(1)From this experiment we can conclude...
(2)... draw/come to the conclusion that...
(3)We can learn from the experiment that...
(4)We can find out that...
(5)You can see/discover...
(6)In conclusion...
写作要求
化学课上学习了关于溶解的知识后， 请你根据下表做一个化学实验， 比较橘子汁和食用油在水中的溶解情况， 然后用英语写一份词数80左右的实验报告， 给出结论。
实验目的
观察橘子汁和食用油这两种物质是否溶解于水
实验器材
试管； 小勺(spoon)
实验方法
1.将水分别注入两个试管中， 并确保水位相等；
2．把两种物质分别放在装有水的两个试管中；
3．5分钟后观察反应
实验结果
橘子汁溶解(dissolve)了， 食用油没有任何反应
审题谋篇
项目
结论
体裁
说明文
话题
实验报告
时态
一般现在时
人称
第三人称
词句推敲
1．词汇
①实验的目的 the aim/the purpose of the experiment
②查明 find out
③把……倒入…… pour...into...
④相等的 equal
⑤同时 at the same time
⑥五分钟后 five minutes later
2．句式
①五分钟后， 橘子汁已经溶解了， 但食用油仍保留在表面上。
普通表达： After five minutes, the orange juice has dissolved, but the oil remains on the surface.
高级表达：Five minutes later, the orange juice has dissolved. However, the oil remains on the surface.(用高级词汇later, however改写上面的句子)
②橘子汁很快溶解了， 食用油没有任何反应。
普通表达： Orange juice dissolves in water quickly. Oil is hard to dissolve in water.
高级表达：_Orange juice dissolves in water quickly while oil is hard to dissolve in water.(用while把上面的句子改写成并列句)
妙笔成篇
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Aim: To find out whether orange juice and oil dissolve in water.
Apparatus: test tubes; spoons
Method: Pour water into two test tubes.Make sure the water level is equal in either tube.Put a spoonful of orange juice into one tube, and a spoonful of oil into the other.Put them into the tubes at the same time; leave the tubes for five minutes.
Result: Five minutes later, the orange juice has dissolved. However, the oil remains on the surface.
Conclusion: Orange juice dissolves in water quickly while oil is hard to dissolve in water.
单句语法填空
1．A great many machines have been produced(produce) by the factory since the technological revolution.
2．Great changes have taken(take) place in my hometown and a lot of factories have been set(set) up there in the past ten years.
3．The book has been finished(finish) and will come out next month.
4．Up to now, a lot of high-rise buildings have been built(build) in our city.
5．Because Jack was always late for work, Lily just told me he had been fired(fire) since last month.
6．The robots have been used(use) to help humans do some dangerous work since the late 1990s.
7．—Why did you leave that position?
—I was offered(offer) a better position at IBM.
8．Professor Yang has been invited(invite) to the film festival twice so far.
9．A great deal of money has been devoted(devote) to those schools in the countryside so far.
10．More than a dozen students in that school were sent_(send) abroad to study medicine last year.
阅读理解
A
When I was a child, my father bought me a new toy every other week when he received his pay check.I loved to take the toys apart to learn their basic principles, and then put them back together.
Most of the time, the toys still worked，but I clearly remember getting a toy robot that would walk either forwards or backwards.I took the robot apart but when I put it back together, it couldn’t walk any more.I figured out what was wrong with it but I was not able to fix it.It was especially disappointing because I really liked the robot.
By the time I was ten or so, my parents allowed me to play outdoors alone.During the summer, on the junk day, I would check out what people were throwing away.People did not use garbage bags then, so all waste was in metal cans, which made it easy to check out what was in the waste.I took home some equipment, radios, and televisions.I took them apart and learned how they were built.
Through learning by myself, I built a telephone.I made my own microphone(扩音器) by taking apart old dry batteries and taking the carbon rods(碳棒) out of them.I then broke the rods into powder and used the carbon powder to make the microphone.I used the microphone in my home-made telephone.Later I made another carbon microphone，which I connected in series with a speaker I took from an old radio.I put the speaker in a bush by the sidewalk and ran wires around the side of the house where the batteries and my home-made microphone were.I had much fun playing jokes on people walking by with that device(装置)．
【解题导语】 作者小时候喜欢研究和发明新东西，他经常从别人的垃圾里寻找可以利用的材料。
1．What happened when the author put back the toy robot together?
A．It didn’t work normally.
B．It looked like a disappointing toy.
C．He found something was missing.
D．He didn’t know what was wrong with it.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的I took the robot apart but when I put it back together, it couldn’t walk any more.可知，那个玩具机器人坏了。
2．How did the author get what he wanted after turning 10?
A．Through checking garbage bags.
B．Through collecting them outdoors.
C．Through asking his parents for them.
D．Through borrowing them from his neighbors.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的During the summer, on the junk day, I would check out what people were throwing away.可知，作者在户外搜集可用的东西。
3．What did the author do to get the microphones he needed?
A．He took apart an old telephone.
B．He looked for them everywhere.
C．He used old things to make them.
D．He took some carbon rods from a broken radio.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的I made my own microphone(扩音器)... to make the microphone.可知，作者是用家里的旧物制作了自己所需要的扩音器。
4．After reading the text，what can we learn about the author as a child?
A．He didn’t know his interest.
B．He was laughed at by others.
C．He didn’t study hard at school.
D．He loved inventing new things.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，作者喜欢搜集和拆卸旧东西，然后自己发明一些新东西。
B
Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.
Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious(难为情) when they’re in poorly lit places—and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesn’t have enough window light，get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.
Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.
Don’t forget the clock—or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes. And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.
Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。当你在家里吃饭的时候，有没有担心自己吃得越来越多，正在变胖？快来看看吧，家里的环境，包括窗户和灯的亮度、墙壁的颜色以及吃饭的速度等都可以影响你的饮食。也许你肥胖的罪魁祸首就在你的家里！
5．The text is especially helpful for those who care about ________.
A．their home comforts
B．their body shape
C．house buying
D．healthy diets
B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章首句“Your house may have an effect on your figure.”(你的房子可能会影响你的身材。)以及下面几个段落中提到的建议可知，本文是关于如何不变胖的，所以那些“关心自己体形的人”会觉得本文特别有帮助，故选B项。A项“他们的家的舒适条件”；C项“购买房子”；D项“健康饮食”。
6．A home environment in blue can help people ________．
A．digest food better
B．reduce food intake
C．burn more calories
D．regain their appetites
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“...people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.”可知，人们在蓝色的房间里吃饭，要比在黄色或者红色的房间里少吃33%的食物，故B项“减少食物摄入量”正确。A项“更好地消化食物”；C项“消耗更多的卡路里”；D项“重新获得食欲”，都与颜色无关。
7．What are people advised to do at mealtimes?
A．Eat quickly.
B．Play fast music.
C．Use smaller spoons.
D．Turn down the lights.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent.”(选择大的汤匙要比用较小的汤匙多吃14%的食物。)可知，应使用较小的汤匙，故C项正确。
语法填空
Traditional Chinese culture is beginning to attract the attention of the world.Kung fu，1.____________(especial), has had a great effect 2.____________ millions of people who first learned about China through it.Sometimes, they may come to China and learn about some other aspects(方面) of this culture.Some Asian 3.____________(nation)have long known about the 4.____________(great) of ancient Chinese culture.Their own cultures are 5.____________ mix of native ones and those Chinese characteristics.R.O. Korea and Japan long ago adopted Confucianism，something that continues today even if it 6.____________(challenge) by pop culture.This strength comes from the ideas 7.____________(give) in The Four Books, which were built upon the idea of an even 8.____________(ancient)period included in The Five Classics.From them, the Westerners learn 9.____________ is uniquely Chinese, for example, feng shui.
So far China has taken steps 10.____________(increase) this spread of its culture by establishing(建立) Chinese Cultural Centres in such places as the United States and Europe.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。以中国功夫为代表的中国传统文化正在吸引全世界的关注，世界各国对中国传统文化的兴趣越来越浓厚，我们也在采取措施进一步宣传中国传统文化。
1．especially 解析：设空处在句中作状语，应用副词。故填especially。
2．on 解析：have a great effect on为固定搭配，意为“对……有很大影响”。故填on。
3．nations 解析：nation是可数名词，此处指不止一个国家，所以应用复数形式。故填nations。
4．greatness 解析：设空处在定冠词the之后作about的宾语，应用名词。greatness意为“伟大之处”。故填greatness。
5．a 解析：句意：他们自己的文化是本土文化和有中国特征的文化的混合体。mix是可数名词，此处泛指“一个混合体”，所以应用不定冠词。a mix of意为“……的混合体”。故填a。
6．is challenged 解析：even if意为“即使”，引导让步状语从句，challenge是从句谓语动词，与主语it之间是被动关系，结合全文时态可知应用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is challenged。
7．given 解析：设空处应用非谓语动词作定语，修饰ideas，give与ideas之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以应用过去分词。故填given。
8．more ancient 解析：本句指《四书》中的观点来自于更早的古代典籍《五经》，通过句意可知若把《四书》和《五经》进行比较，《五经》的历史更为悠久，且even常用来修饰比较级，故填more ancient。
9．what 解析：设空处引导宾语从句，作learns的宾语，从句中缺少主语且表示“……东西”，所以引导词用what。故填what。
10．to increase 解析：take steps to do sth.意为“采取措施做某事”。故填to increase。
应用文写作
根据下面的提示， 写一篇80词左右“观察水的沸腾”的实验报告。
实验目的
1.观察水沸腾时的温度；
2.观察水沸腾过程中的现象
实验器材
烧杯(beaker)，水，温度计(thermometer)，酒精灯(alcohol lamp)，火柴
实验步骤
1.在烧杯里盛100 ml左右的水；
2.在水中放入温度计；
3.加热杯中的水， 并观察温度计的度数和水的情况
实验结果
当温度达到一百摄氏度时， 水面出现大量气泡
实验结论
1.水在一百摄氏度时开始沸腾；
2.水在沸腾过程中有大量气泡产生
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One possible version：
The aim of the experiment is to find out the temperature and what happens when water is boiling. To carry out the experiment, you need the following apparatus: beaker, water, thermometer, alcohol lamp and match.
First, fill about 100 ml water in the beaker. Next, put a thermometer in the water. After that, heat the water in the beaker, and watch the readings of the thermometer.
Some time later, a mass of bubbles begin to appear when the temperature reaches 100 degrees centigrade. And we can draw the conclusion that the water boils when the temperature reaches 100 degrees centigrade and a lot of bubbles appear during the boiling.
《双城记》是英国作家狄更斯所著的一部以法国大革命为背景的长篇历史小说。故事中将巴黎、伦敦两个大城市结合起来，围绕着曼马内特医生一家和以德法日夫妇为首的圣安东尼区展开故事。
[词句积累]
1．customer/'k?st?m?(r)/n.顾客，客户
2．rough/r?f/adj.不是精制的；未经加工的
3．promise/'pr?mIs/v.允诺；许诺
4．murder/'m??d?(r)/v.谋杀
5．hang/h??/v.绞死
6．Defarge had been away for three days, and when he returned that morning, he brought a stranger with him，a man who repaired roads.
分析：本句为并列句。第二个分句为主从复合句，其中when he returned that morning为when引导的时间状语从句，he brought a stranger with him，a man who repaired roads为主句；a man who repaired roads是stranger的同位语。
A Tale of Two Cities(excerpt)
In Monsieur Defarge’s wine-shop in Saint Antoine customers came and went all the time. They came to drink the thin, rough wine, but more often they came to listen and to talk, and to wait for news.
One day there were more customers than usual. Defarge had been away for three days, and when he returned that morning, he brought a stranger with him, a man who repaired roads.
“Madam，” Defarge said to his wife, “this man, who is called Jacques, has walked a long way with me.” One customer got up and went out. “This mender of roads，” continued Defarge, “who is called Jacques, is a good man. Give him something to drink.” A second man got up and went out. The man who repaired roads sat down and drank. A third man got up and went out.
“Have you finished, my friend？” said Defarge. “Then come and see the room I promised you.”
They went upstairs, to the room where Dr Manette had sat making shoes. The three men who had left the wine-shop were waiting. Defarge spoke to them.
“No names. You are Jacques One, Jacques Two and Jacques Three. I am Jacques Four. This is Jacques Five. He brings us news of our poor friend Gaspard, whose child was killed by the Marquis’s coach a year ago.”
“I first saw Gaspard，” said Jacques Five, “holding on under the Marquis’s coach as it drove into our village. He ran away, but that night the Marquis was murdered. Gaspard disappeared and was only caught a few weeks ago. The soldiers brought him into the village and hanged him. And they have left his body hanging in the village square, where the women go to fetch water, and our children play.”
《双城记》(节选)
在圣安东尼德法日先生的酒店里，顾客们来来往往络绎不绝。他们来这儿喝点清淡的粗制葡萄酒，但他们更多的是来这儿聆听和交谈的，还有等候消息的。
一天，店里的顾客比平常要多。德法日已经出去3天了。当他那天早上回来时，他带回来了一个陌生人，他是一个修路工。
“夫人，”德法日对他的妻子说。“这个人叫雅克，他已经和我一起走了很长一段路。”有一个顾客这时起身走了出去。“这个修路工，”德法日接着说，“叫雅克，是个好人。给他来点喝的吧。”第二个人起身走了出去。那个修路的人坐了下来喝酒。第三个人起身走了出去。
“喝完了吗，我的朋友？”德法日说。“那就过来看看我答应给你的房间吧。”
他们上了楼，来到马内特医生曾坐着做鞋子的房间。那三个刚才离开酒店的男人正在等着他们。德法日对他们说：
“没有名字。你们是雅克一，雅克二和雅克三。我是雅克四，这是雅克五。他给我们带来了我们可怜的朋友加斯珀德的消息，一年前他的孩子被侯爵的马车压死了。”
“我第一次看到加斯珀德，”雅克五说，“是在侯爵的马车进村时，他趴在车底下。他跑掉了，但是那天晚上侯爵就被暗杀了。加斯珀德失踪了，几星期前才被抓到。士兵们把他带到村子里绞死了他，而且他们把他的尸体吊在了村里的场地上。那是妇女们打水以及我们的孩子们玩耍的地方。”
四大核心素养养成档案
核心素养
具体能力
模块效果评价
问题原因分析
语言能力
词汇的识记能力、语言的运用能力
文化品格
对中外文化的理解与鉴赏能力
思维品质
用英语进行分析、概括与推断的能力
学习能力
自我选用学习策略、方法和评价的能力
课件30张PPT。Unit 3 The world of sciencehas been raisedhas been regardedwas hurthave been foundedwere madehave been takenhave shownhad been spentwas invitedhas been sungThe boys have been told many timeshas been admitted toFudan Universitydecidedhas not beenhas been changedhas been translatedthe aim/the purpose of the experimentfind outpour...into...equalat the same timefive minutes laterFive minutes later, the orange juice has dissolved. However, the oil remains on the surface.Orange juice dissolves in water quickly while oil ishard to dissolve in water.按ESC键退出全屏播放本部分内容讲解结束
单句语法填空
1．A great many machines have been produced(produce) by the factory since the technological revolution.
2．Great changes have taken(take) place in my hometown and a lot of factories have been set(set) up there in the past ten years.
3．The book has been finished(finish) and will come out next month.
4．Up to now, a lot of high-rise buildings have been built(build) in our city.
5．Because Jack was always late for work, Lily just told me he had been fired(fire) since last month.
6．The robots have been used(use) to help humans do some dangerous work since the late 1990s.
7．—Why did you leave that position?
—I was offered(offer) a better position at IBM.
8．Professor Yang has been invited(invite) to the film festival twice so far.
9．A great deal of money has been devoted(devote) to those schools in the countryside so far.
10．More than a dozen students in that school were sent_(send) abroad to study medicine last year.
阅读理解
A
When I was a child, my father bought me a new toy every other week when he received his pay check.I loved to take the toys apart to learn their basic principles, and then put them back together.
Most of the time, the toys still worked，but I clearly remember getting a toy robot that would walk either forwards or backwards.I took the robot apart but when I put it back together, it couldn’t walk any more.I figured out what was wrong with it but I was not able to fix it.It was especially disappointing because I really liked the robot.
By the time I was ten or so, my parents allowed me to play outdoors alone.During the summer, on the junk day, I would check out what people were throwing away.People did not use garbage bags then, so all waste was in metal cans, which made it easy to check out what was in the waste.I took home some equipment, radios, and televisions.I took them apart and learned how they were built.
Through learning by myself, I built a telephone.I made my own microphone(扩音器) by taking apart old dry batteries and taking the carbon rods(碳棒) out of them.I then broke the rods into powder and used the carbon powder to make the microphone.I used the microphone in my home-made telephone.Later I made another carbon microphone，which I connected in series with a speaker I took from an old radio.I put the speaker in a bush by the sidewalk and ran wires around the side of the house where the batteries and my home-made microphone were.I had much fun playing jokes on people walking by with that device(装置)．
【解题导语】 作者小时候喜欢研究和发明新东西，他经常从别人的垃圾里寻找可以利用的材料。
1．What happened when the author put back the toy robot together?
A．It didn’t work normally.
B．It looked like a disappointing toy.
C．He found something was missing.
D．He didn’t know what was wrong with it.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的I took the robot apart but when I put it back together, it couldn’t walk any more.可知，那个玩具机器人坏了。
2．How did the author get what he wanted after turning 10?
A．Through checking garbage bags.
B．Through collecting them outdoors.
C．Through asking his parents for them.
D．Through borrowing them from his neighbors.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的During the summer, on the junk day, I would check out what people were throwing away.可知，作者在户外搜集可用的东西。
3．What did the author do to get the microphones he needed?
A．He took apart an old telephone.
B．He looked for them everywhere.
C．He used old things to make them.
D．He took some carbon rods from a broken radio.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的I made my own microphone(扩音器)... to make the microphone.可知，作者是用家里的旧物制作了自己所需要的扩音器。
4．After reading the text，what can we learn about the author as a child?
A．He didn’t know his interest.
B．He was laughed at by others.
C．He didn’t study hard at school.
D．He loved inventing new things.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，作者喜欢搜集和拆卸旧东西，然后自己发明一些新东西。
B
Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.
Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious(难为情) when they’re in poorly lit places—and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesn’t have enough window light，get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.
Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.
Don’t forget the clock—or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes. And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.
Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。当你在家里吃饭的时候，有没有担心自己吃得越来越多，正在变胖？快来看看吧，家里的环境，包括窗户和灯的亮度、墙壁的颜色以及吃饭的速度等都可以影响你的饮食。也许你肥胖的罪魁祸首就在你的家里！
5．The text is especially helpful for those who care about ________.
A．their home comforts
B．their body shape
C．house buying
D．healthy diets
B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章首句“Your house may have an effect on your figure.”(你的房子可能会影响你的身材。)以及下面几个段落中提到的建议可知，本文是关于如何不变胖的，所以那些“关心自己体形的人”会觉得本文特别有帮助，故选B项。A项“他们的家的舒适条件”；C项“购买房子”；D项“健康饮食”。
6．A home environment in blue can help people ________．
A．digest food better
B．reduce food intake
C．burn more calories
D．regain their appetites
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“...people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.”可知，人们在蓝色的房间里吃饭，要比在黄色或者红色的房间里少吃33%的食物，故B项“减少食物摄入量”正确。A项“更好地消化食物”；C项“消耗更多的卡路里”；D项“重新获得食欲”，都与颜色无关。
7．What are people advised to do at mealtimes?
A．Eat quickly.
B．Play fast music.
C．Use smaller spoons.
D．Turn down the lights.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent.”(选择大的汤匙要比用较小的汤匙多吃14%的食物。)可知，应使用较小的汤匙，故C项正确。
语法填空
Traditional Chinese culture is beginning to attract the attention of the world.Kung fu，1.____________(especial), has had a great effect 2.____________ millions of people who first learned about China through it.Sometimes, they may come to China and learn about some other aspects(方面) of this culture.Some Asian 3.____________(nation)have long known about the 4.____________(great) of ancient Chinese culture.Their own cultures are 5.____________ mix of native ones and those Chinese characteristics.R.O. Korea and Japan long ago adopted Confucianism，something that continues today even if it 6.____________(challenge) by pop culture.This strength comes from the ideas 7.____________(give) in The Four Books, which were built upon the idea of an even 8.____________(ancient)period included in The Five Classics.From them, the Westerners learn 9.____________ is uniquely Chinese, for example, feng shui.
So far China has taken steps 10.____________(increase) this spread of its culture by establishing(建立) Chinese Cultural Centres in such places as the United States and Europe.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。以中国功夫为代表的中国传统文化正在吸引全世界的关注，世界各国对中国传统文化的兴趣越来越浓厚，我们也在采取措施进一步宣传中国传统文化。
1．especially 解析：设空处在句中作状语，应用副词。故填especially。
2．on 解析：have a great effect on为固定搭配，意为“对……有很大影响”。故填on。
3．nations 解析：nation是可数名词，此处指不止一个国家，所以应用复数形式。故填nations。
4．greatness 解析：设空处在定冠词the之后作about的宾语，应用名词。greatness意为“伟大之处”。故填greatness。
5．a 解析：句意：他们自己的文化是本土文化和有中国特征的文化的混合体。mix是可数名词，此处泛指“一个混合体”，所以应用不定冠词。a mix of意为“……的混合体”。故填a。
6．is challenged 解析：even if意为“即使”，引导让步状语从句，challenge是从句谓语动词，与主语it之间是被动关系，结合全文时态可知应用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is challenged。
7．given 解析：设空处应用非谓语动词作定语，修饰ideas，give与ideas之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以应用过去分词。故填given。
8．more ancient 解析：本句指《四书》中的观点来自于更早的古代典籍《五经》，通过句意可知若把《四书》和《五经》进行比较，《五经》的历史更为悠久，且even常用来修饰比较级，故填more ancient。
9．what 解析：设空处引导宾语从句，作learns的宾语，从句中缺少主语且表示“……东西”，所以引导词用what。故填what。
10．to increase 解析：take steps to do sth.意为“采取措施做某事”。故填to increase。
应用文写作
根据下面的提示， 写一篇80词左右“观察水的沸腾”的实验报告。
实验目的
1.观察水沸腾时的温度；
2.观察水沸腾过程中的现象
实验器材
烧杯(beaker)，水，温度计(thermometer)，酒精灯(alcohol lamp)，火柴
实验步骤
1.在烧杯里盛100 ml左右的水；
2.在水中放入温度计；
3.加热杯中的水， 并观察温度计的度数和水的情况
实验结果
当温度达到一百摄氏度时， 水面出现大量气泡
实验结论
1.水在一百摄氏度时开始沸腾；
2.水在沸腾过程中有大量气泡产生
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One possible version：
The aim of the experiment is to find out the temperature and what happens when water is boiling. To carry out the experiment, you need the following apparatus: beaker, water, thermometer, alcohol lamp and match.
First, fill about 100 ml water in the beaker. Next, put a thermometer in the water. After that, heat the water in the beaker, and watch the readings of the thermometer.
Some time later, a mass of bubbles begin to appear when the temperature reaches 100 degrees centigrade. And we can draw the conclusion that the water boils when the temperature reaches 100 degrees centigrade and a lot of bubbles appear during the boiling.
《双城记》是英国作家狄更斯所著的一部以法国大革命为背景的长篇历史小说。故事中将巴黎、伦敦两个大城市结合起来，围绕着曼马内特医生一家和以德法日夫妇为首的圣安东尼区展开故事。
[词句积累]
1．customer/'k?st?m?(r)/n.顾客，客户
2．rough/r?f/adj.不是精制的；未经加工的
3．promise/'pr?mIs/v.允诺；许诺
4．murder/'m??d?(r)/v.谋杀
5．hang/h??/v.绞死
6．Defarge had been away for three days, and when he returned that morning, he brought a stranger with him，a man who repaired roads.
分析：本句为并列句。第二个分句为主从复合句，其中when he returned that morning为when引导的时间状语从句，he brought a stranger with him，a man who repaired roads为主句；a man who repaired roads是stranger的同位语。
A Tale of Two Cities(excerpt)
In Monsieur Defarge’s wine-shop in Saint Antoine customers came and went all the time. They came to drink the thin, rough wine, but more often they came to listen and to talk, and to wait for news.
One day there were more customers than usual. Defarge had been away for three days, and when he returned that morning, he brought a stranger with him, a man who repaired roads.
“Madam，” Defarge said to his wife, “this man, who is called Jacques, has walked a long way with me.” One customer got up and went out. “This mender of roads，” continued Defarge, “who is called Jacques, is a good man. Give him something to drink.” A second man got up and went out. The man who repaired roads sat down and drank. A third man got up and went out.
“Have you finished, my friend？” said Defarge. “Then come and see the room I promised you.”
They went upstairs, to the room where Dr Manette had sat making shoes. The three men who had left the wine-shop were waiting. Defarge spoke to them.
“No names. You are Jacques One, Jacques Two and Jacques Three. I am Jacques Four. This is Jacques Five. He brings us news of our poor friend Gaspard, whose child was killed by the Marquis’s coach a year ago.”
“I first saw Gaspard，” said Jacques Five, “holding on under the Marquis’s coach as it drove into our village. He ran away, but that night the Marquis was murdered. Gaspard disappeared and was only caught a few weeks ago. The soldiers brought him into the village and hanged him. And they have left his body hanging in the village square, where the women go to fetch water, and our children play.”
《双城记》(节选)
在圣安东尼德法日先生的酒店里，顾客们来来往往络绎不绝。他们来这儿喝点清淡的粗制葡萄酒，但他们更多的是来这儿聆听和交谈的，还有等候消息的。
一天，店里的顾客比平常要多。德法日已经出去3天了。当他那天早上回来时，他带回来了一个陌生人，他是一个修路工。
“夫人，”德法日对他的妻子说。“这个人叫雅克，他已经和我一起走了很长一段路。”有一个顾客这时起身走了出去。“这个修路工，”德法日接着说，“叫雅克，是个好人。给他来点喝的吧。”第二个人起身走了出去。那个修路的人坐了下来喝酒。第三个人起身走了出去。
“喝完了吗，我的朋友？”德法日说。“那就过来看看我答应给你的房间吧。”
他们上了楼，来到马内特医生曾坐着做鞋子的房间。那三个刚才离开酒店的男人正在等着他们。德法日对他们说：
“没有名字。你们是雅克一，雅克二和雅克三。我是雅克四，这是雅克五。他给我们带来了我们可怜的朋友加斯珀德的消息，一年前他的孩子被侯爵的马车压死了。”
“我第一次看到加斯珀德，”雅克五说，“是在侯爵的马车进村时，他趴在车底下。他跑掉了，但是那天晚上侯爵就被暗杀了。加斯珀德失踪了，几星期前才被抓到。士兵们把他带到村子里绞死了他，而且他们把他的尸体吊在了村里的场地上。那是妇女们打水以及我们的孩子们玩耍的地方。”
四大核心素养养成档案
核心素养
具体能力
模块效果评价
问题原因分析
语言能力
词汇的识记能力、语言的运用能力
文化品格
对中外文化的理解与鉴赏能力
思维品质
用英语进行分析、概括与推断的能力
学习能力
自我选用学习策略、方法和评价的能力
重点单词
重点词汇夯实练
1.①She had little desire for power and she just wanted to lead a simply life.
②(2019·天津卷)Reading satisfies my desire to keep(keep) learning.
③After many years’ hard train, he desires to win(win) a gold medal in the 2020 Olympic Games.
2.Most students think it significant to join the English corner, though a few haven’t realized the significance of it.(significance)
3.①Although this medicine can cure you of your illness, it has a bad effect on you.
②(北京卷)Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.
4.①a.The middle school attached(attach) to Beijing Normal University is well-known across the country.
b.On her tenth birthday she received a box of chocolates with a card attached(attach) to it, saying “Happy birthday！”
②In my opinion, more importance should be attached to developing(develop) students’ ability to solve problems.
③(江西卷)Parents attach great importance to(非常重视) education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.
重点短语
会书写
1.in addition 除此之外，另外
2.thanks to 多亏，由于
3.in terms of 根据……来说；依照……；就……而言
4.lead to 导致
5.tie...to... 把……拴/系在……上
6.along with 与……一起；连同……一起
7.contribute towards 有助于，为……贡献
8.take place 发生；进行
9.apart from 除……之外
10.come up with 想出；提出
会应用
1.The job is great in terms of salary, but it has its disadvantages.
2.It’s a good article apart from a few slight mistakes.
3.He has come up with_a good way to settle the difficult problem.
4.(2017·天津卷)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming is regarded as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
5.If parents have children help with housework, the children will feel needed. In addition, they will learn to take care of themselves.
重点句型
句式
仿写
1.“It suggests that...”结构
(教材P26)It suggests that the present day is a new age for inventions, but many people might think that the great age of invention is over.
有人建议我们下星期一之前举行会议。
It was suggested that we should hold the meeting by next Monday.
2.同位语从句
(教材P33)In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head.
月球上没有生命这个事实大家都知道。
The fact that there is no life on the moon is known to us all.
单元语法
单句语法填空
1．China’s space program has been developed(develop) greatly since it sent its first astronaut to space in 2003.
2．Computer science, with which rapid progress has been made(make) in recent years, plays a very important part in our daily life.
3．Up to now, more than five new species have been found(find) on this island by researchers.
4．The balance between the city and the country has been broken(break) by the industrial development over the past two centuries.
5．The design of the new bridge had been finished(finish) by the end of last month.
6．For centuries, the ancient language has been passed(pass) on from one generation to another.
课件12张PPT。forto keepto winsignificantsignificanceofforattachedattacheddevelopingattach great importance toin additionthanks toin terms oflead totie...to...along withcontribute towardstake placeapart fromcome up within terms ofapart fromcome up withalong withIn additionIt was suggested thatthat there is nolife on the moonhas been developedhas been madehave been foundhas been brokenhad been finishedhas been passed按ESC键退出全屏播放本部分内容讲解结束单元过关检测(三)
(时间：120分钟，满分：150分)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．How much is the blue shirt?
A．$10.
B．$12.
C．$8.
2．What do we know about the man’s cellphone?
A．It isn’t working at the moment.
B．It has been borrowed by the woman.
C．It is being used by his sister.
3．What does the man ask the woman to do for him?
A．To call their teacher.
B．To ask for leave.
C．To send for a doctor.
4．What does the woman want?
A．A visit to town.
B．An English magazine.
C．A dictionary.
5．What will they order?
A．Pork with potatoes.
B．Beef with potatoes.
C．Pork and beef.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．How will the woman go to Camden Town?
A．On foot.
B．By bus.
C．By subway.
7．When will the speakers meet tomorrow?
A．At 8：30.
B．At 9：30.
C．At 10：30.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．What may the woman be?
A．A restaurant waitress.
B．A telephone operator.
C．A hotel waitress.
9．When will the man probably come?
A．At 5：50 p．m.
B．At 6：20 p．m.
C．At 7：00 p．m.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．Who’s holding the party?
A．Jim Taylor.
B．Hilary Evans.
C．Jane.
11．What’s the relationship between the woman and Jane?
A．Classmates.
B．Workmates.
C．Neighbors.
12．What does the man do?
A．An engineer.
B．A teacher.
C．A doctor.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．On what does the woman congratulate the man?
A．Finding a good market.
B．Getting a higher position.
C．Setting up a new company.
14．What will the speakers do after the conversation?
A．Go home.
B．Go shopping.
C．Go to have supper.
15．What can we learn from the conversation?
A．The woman thinks the man does an excellent job.
B．It is at the beginning of a month.
C．The man is very proud.
16．When will the manager take over the new position?
A．Next day.
B．Next month.
C．Next year.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．What is the talk mainly about?
A．What people should do to protect animals.
B．Whether people should keep animals in zoos.
C．How people should improve zoos’ environment.
18．What do experts of Group A suggest?
A．Leave animals in the wild without protection.
B．Protect animals in a closed area.
C．Teach people more about wild animals.
19．What do experts of Group B say about the modern zoos?
A．They do harm to animals.
B．They are poorly designed.
C．They can protect animals from dying out.
20．What is the speaker?
A．A teacher.
B．A host.
C．A scientist.
答案：1－5.CCBCB 6－10.CBABC 11－15.BABCA
16－20.BBCCA
听力材料
(Text 1)
W：I want the blue shirt.It fits me very well.Here is $10.①
M：Yes, it looks very nice on you.This is your change... $2.①
(Text 2)
W：There is something wrong with my cellphone. Could you lend me yours?
M：I want to, but my sister is using it.②
(Text 3)
W：What’s the matter with you? You look pale.
M：I’ve got a stomachache.Ouch！Could you ask our teacher for a day’s leave for me？③
(Text 4)
M：I’m going to town.Is there anything I can do for you there?
W：Hmm...Could you buy me an English dictionary？④
(Text 5)
W：What should we order?
M：Anything is OK for me.What would you prefer, beef or pork?
W：Beef.And I really like potatoes.
M：Then let’s have the beef with potatoes.⑤
(Text 6)
W：I’d like to go to Camden town tomorrow.Would you like to go with me?
M：Yes.Shall we meet at Camden Town Station?
W：OK.How are you going there?
M：By bus.I might walk there if the weather is fine. How about you?
W：I’ll have to take the underground.⑥By the way, what time shall we meet tomorrow? What about 10：30?
M：How about one hour earlier, nine thirty?
W：That will be fine.⑦
(Text 7)
W：Good morning.May I help you?
M：I’d like to reserve a table for six this evening.⑧
W：For what time?
M：We’ll come between six and six thirty.⑨ And we’d like a private room.
W：Let me see.OK, the Dragon Hall hasn’t been booked yet.
M：Great.I’ll take it.
W：May I have your name and phone number, please?
M：John Lee.My number is 362-1987.
W：OK.John Lee.362-1978.
M：No, it’s 1987, not 1978.
W：Sorry.Got it!
(Text 8)
W：Great party, isn’t it?
M：Yes.Jane always has great parties.⑩
W：This is my first.I only met her last week.She and I teach at the same school.?
M：Oh, so you’re a teacher?
W：Yeah, history.What about you?
M：I work for GM.
W：General Motors?
M：Right.
W：What do you do there?
M：I’m an engineer.? My name’s Jim Taylor.
W：Glad to meet you.My name’s Hilary Evans.
(Text 9)
W：I was really glad to hear that you’re the manager of the marketing department.? Congratulations!
M：Thanks, Jane.I haven’t thought about it before.I mean there are a lot of outstanding people here.
W：Sure, but the work you do is really excellent！?There is no doubt about it.
M：Thanks a lot, Jane.
W：By the way, when do you take over the new position?
M：Next month.?
W：So what are you responsible for?
M：I’m going to manage the whole marketing department from next Monday.
W：So you must be getting higher pay than before.
M：Yes.And the company will also give me a 1，000 yuan bonus this month.
W：1，000 yuan? That’s great! So the supper...
M：OK, I know what you mean.It’s my treat.?
W：Really? Can I order anything I want?
M：Of course.Let’s go.
(Text 10)
M：Are zoos necessary, or are they only bad to the animals? This is a question that causes disagreement among many animal experts.?Some, we may just call them Group A, believe that placing animals in a zoo does harm to them.These people think that all animals should be protected from being hunted too much and left in their native land. They also advise people to be educated to know more about animals in the wild.?Other experts of Group B think differently.They say that modern zoos are designed very closely to the natural environment.One of their strongest arguments is that certain species, such as the panda from China and the white tiger from India, are not only protected from uncontrolled killing but can give babies under protection and in that way may be saved from dying out.?OK, that’s all from me and you’re expected to express your opinions on this question next class.?
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Emily Urich 18 years old Canada
A lot of teens aren’t responsible，and that’s where I’m different.Not just about school but everyday things，like being able to pay my own credit card(信用卡) bills on time.
The first time I got a cartoon book was on my third birthday.From then on，I fell in deep love with it.And can you guess how many cartoon books I’ve read？I don’t really know the exact number.But I have three full boxes of them under my bed.
Joe Miller 16 years old America
I’m proud of doing things in my own way.So whenever somebody wants me to do something or whatever it is，I feel like they’re all other people’s thoughts，not really mine.But like others, I love reading，too.
When I first took skiing lessons，I found it exciting.For skiing racing，there’s no question that I’m better than most boys.I think it’s fun.I mean，it is a challenge.It’s where I picked up the idea of needing a challenge always in my life.In order to improve my skiing skills，I have read many books and magazines about it.
An Qi 15 years old China
I’m different because I prefer to drop out of the world to create my own world.I’d like to build a house on a mountain.And I choose to live without electricity，a telephone，or even indoor plumbing(水管装置)．
I have many hobbies such as travelling，reading，writing and spending time with children.I love children because they are smart and creative.They always have many strange ideas.It makes me excited.
I want to do something for Project Hope and become a country school teacher.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了三个不同国家学生的喜好。
21．Which hobby do the three students all have?
A．Writing. B．Skiing.
C．Travelling. D．Reading.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据文中对三个学生喜好的介绍可知，这三个学生均喜欢读书，故选D项。
22．According to Emily，we can infer that ________．
A．other people trust her
B．she does sports at weekends
C．she laughs at other people
D．she gets up late on Sundays
A 解析：推理判断题。根据Emily的介绍中的第一段内容“A lot of teens aren’t responsible，and that’s where I’m different.Not just about school but everyday things，like being able to pay my own credit card(信用卡) bills on time.”可推断出，Emily是个值得信赖的人，故选A项。
23．We know that Joe Miller________．
A．doesn’t like to follow others
B．thinks skiing is too dangerous
C．does well in drawing cartoons
D．enjoys living somewhere quietly
A 解析：推理判断题。根据Joe Miller的介绍中的“I’m proud of doing things in my own way.So whenever somebody wants me to do something or whatever it is，I feel like they’re all other people’s thoughts，not really mine.”可推测出Joe Miller 很有个性，不喜欢跟随别人，故选A项。
B
William Kamkwamba lives in Malawi, Africa, where most people have to grow their own food and have no electricity or running water. In 2001, when he was 14 years old, there was a terrible drought(干旱) and most families, including William’s, couldn’t grow enough food.
Because of the drought, William’s family couldn’t afford to send him to school anymore. So one day, William went to the library near his home to study. He found a science book called Using Energy, which included instructions for building a windmill(风车). Windmills are good sources of electricity, and they can bring water up from underground. William didn’t know much English, and he wasn’t able to understand most of the book, but it was full of pictures. Looking at the pictures, William thought he could build a windmill for his family.
When William started building his windmill, a lot of people laughed at him, including his mother. But William saw the photo of the windmill in the book. That meant someone else was able to build it, so he knew he could build it, too. He didn’t have the parts and equipment that he saw in the book’s pictures. So he looked for parts in junkyards to build his machine.
William changed his design little by little. First, the windmill powered only one light bulb(灯泡). Finally, it powered four lights. Then there was enough electricity for four lights and a radio. No one laughed at William after that, and people in his town started to come to his house to get power for their cell phones. Later, William built a second windmill. This one brought water up from underground. After that, William began to teach other people how to build windmills.
Now he uses his website, movingwindmills. org, to educate and give hope to people. His main message is this：“To the Africans and the poor who are struggling(挣扎) with your dreams...trust yourself and believe. Whatever happens, don’t give up.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了做风车的马拉维少年William Kamkwamba。
24．What was William’s primary purpose of building a windmill?
A．To set up a family business.
B．To do a science experiment.
C．To realize his childhood dream.
D．To bring electricity to his family.
D 解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的have no electricity or running water可知，威廉生活的地方非常苦；再由第二段解释风车的作用good sources of electricity以及第四段描述威廉设计的第一个风车的功效powered...lights可知，他做风车的初衷是给家里发电。
25．What was William’s mother’s attitude towards his building a windmill at first?
A．Hopeful. B．Worried.
C．Doubtful. D．Uninterested.
C 解析：观点态度题。由第三段中的a lot of people laughed at him, including his mother可知，一开始妈妈不看好威廉能做出风车。
26．What can we learn about William’s first windmill?
A．It was sold at a high price.
B．It was made of thrown-away things.
C．It could bring water up from underground.
D．It looked the same as the photo in Using Energy.
B 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的He didn’t have the parts and equipment that he saw in the book’s pictures. So he looked for parts in junkyards to build his machine.可知，威廉的第一个风车是由废弃的东西做的。
27．Which of the following can best describe William?
A．Honest. B．Humorous.
C．Self-centered. D．Strong-minded.
D 解析：推理判断题。由第三段描述很多人嘲笑威廉做不成风车，但他却仍然充满信心，以及最后一段中他鼓励人们不要放弃梦想Whatever happens, don’t give up.可知，他是一个意志坚定的人。
C
As scientists in the Netherlands tried to figure out how to build a super flying robot，they learned from one of nature’s flyers：the humble fruit fly.And by building this robot，they’ve gained new understanding of how the fly carries out one of its dangerous tasks.
The robot is called the DelFly Nimble.Its wingspan(翼展) is about a foot wide.It has four wings that can beat at 17 times per second，which appear very delicate because they’re made of the same material as space blankets.
“In previous designs，they always had a tail，like a traditional airplane tail，”said the robot’s main designer Matej Karasek.He’s based at the Micro Air Vehicle Laboratory at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands，and he and his colleagues published their findings on Thursday in Science.
“In previous generations，”he said，“flapping wings drove the robot forward while the tail helped to guide and stabilise(稳定) it．But now the DelFly Nimble is completely controlled by the wings.”“The challenge then was actually combining the control into the wing movement，and that’s what we achieved，”Karasek said.
“In the latest generation，the wings can each move individually or rotate(旋转) around the body of the robot.The robot can remain in one place in the air for about five minutes on a full battery or fly for more than a kilometre，”Karasek said，“and because the scientists are controlling all the movements，they can use the robot to learn more about how fruit flies actually carry out their dangerous tasks，which has caught the attention of biologists.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一款由荷兰科学家们发明的新型飞行机器人。
28．Where did scientists get the creative idea of the flying robot?
A．From a fruit fly.
B．From the birds’ wings.
C．From some fruit.
D．From an airplane.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的As scientists in the Netherlands tried to figure out how to build a super flying robot，they learned from one of nature’s flyers：the humble fruit fly.可知，科学家从果蝇那里得到了这款飞行机器人的创意。故选A项。
29．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 4 probably refer to?
A．A full battery.
B．A flapping wing.
C．The DelFly Nimble.
D．The humble fruit fly.
C 解析：代词指代题。根据第四段中的“In previous generations，”he said“flapping wings drove the robot forward while the tail helped to guide and stabilise(稳定) it... ”可推知，it指代的是科学家们发明的飞行机器人，即the DelFly Nimble。故选C项。
30．What interests biologists most about fruit flies?
A．That they are very tiny insects.
B．How they conduct challenging tasks.
C．Why they can be easily found in the world.
D．That they have light wings and fly quickly.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“and because the scientists are controlling all the movements，they can use the robot to learn more about how fruit flies actually carry out their dangerous tasks，which has caught the attention of biologists”可知，生物学家们对果蝇最感兴趣的是它们如何进行具有挑战性的任务。故选B项。
31．Where is the text probably taken from?
A．A research paper.
B．A travel brochure.
C．A health magazine.
D．A chemistry textbook.
A 解析：文章出处题。本文主要介绍了一款荷兰科学家们发明的新型飞行机器人，故应来自于科研论文。故选A项。
D
These days, it seems like everyone wants to go out into space and live on new planets. Rather than depend on another pre-existing planet, could we make a new, proper planet ourselves?
To start with, if we’d want to be living on it, we should find a good place in space to put the new planet. We’d want it to be in a habitable zone, meaning the planet should be at the right distance from its star to make sure there would be perfect temperatures and most importantly, liquid(液态的) water.
We’d also need the right materials to make the planet. Our earth is made up of many different elements(元素). If we made our own new planet, we’d probably want it to have similar elements and a similar structure(结构). We’d also want enough water to form some oceans.
But even if we get all of the materials, creating a new planet like Earth could have many troubles. It might be something more like a huge space station. It would be pretty expensive if we wanted it to be super big.
We would probably also need a lot of food, since there’s going to be many scientists and astronauts out in space working on this project!
According to NASA, each astronaut uses about 0.83 kilograms of food per meal, including 0.12 kilograms of packaging(包装) material. Without the weight of the packaging material, we’d need about 780 kilograms of food just to feed one astronaut for a year.
Putting all these together could make it possible to make our own planet one day! In reality, creating a new planet would probably require a very modern technology and there would be tons of other things to think about. And if this is even possible, it likely won’t happen for a very long time.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。作者就在太空中制造一个全新的宜居行星展开了丰富的想象，阐述了制造星球所需的东西，并指出即使有这种可能，制造星球在短期内并不可能实现。
32．What’s the first thing we should do if we want to create a new planet?
A．To prepare enough food.
B．To design its inner structure.
C．To find a proper place to set the planet.
D．To collect materials similar to our earth.
C 解析：细节理解题。由第二段首句To start with, if we’d want to be living on it, we should find a good place in space to put the new planet.可知，想要制造一个行星，首先要在太空中找到安置这个行星的位置。
33．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Our earth. B．Outer space.
C．The new planet. D．The ocean water.
C 解析：代词指代题。本段主旨句是We’d also need the right materials to make the planet.即制造的新行星需要有和地球相似的元素和结构，故此处的it指制造的新行星。
34．How much food does an astronaut actually eat each meal?
A．About 0.12 kilograms.
B．About 0.71 kilograms.
C．About 0.83 kilograms.
D．About 0.95 kilograms.
B 解析：细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的each astronaut uses about 0.83 kilograms of food per meal, including 0.12 kilograms of packaging(包装) material可知，除掉0.12公斤的包装材料，一个宇航员每顿实际上吃了0.71公斤的食物。
35．What does the author think of creating a planet?
A．It is a waste of money and time.
B．It should be one of NASA’s next plans.
C．It is not a good idea for humans.
D．It won’t come true in the near future.
D 解析：推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的if this is even possible, it likely won’t happen for a very long time可知，作者认为制造星球即使有一定的可能性，也不会在短期内实现。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
One of my earliest memories was watching my mum talk on our old phone.I was fascinated(着迷的) that she could talk to someone who wasn’t actually in the room with her. 36.________ I was wondering how she managed to talk with someone she couldn’t see.
37．________ Later，we had mobile phones that could be carried around the room.Then came computers and smartphones.These days I can send an e-mail around the world in a second.My daughter’s smartphone has a hundred apps and a dozen social media accounts.She stores all of her information in a mysterious place known as “the cloud”，where she can take it out at any time.It seems that we are more connected in this world than ever before.
However，what bothers me is that we rarely associate with(与……来往) each other nowadays.38.________ Instead of looking into the eyes of our loved ones，we stare at our screens.It seems as if the most connected generations are also the loneliest.
Don’t let technology take our time and ruin our life.Make time to meet，to pray and to communicate with each other.Take a walk on the beach with a friend.Have a long conversation with the phones off and the hearts on.39.________
Remember that we are here to love each other，help each other and make this world a better place.40.________ But when it can’t，turn it off.
A．That was a long time ago.
B．Connect offline as well as online.
C．Few take the time to talk face to face.
D．Smartphones have both advantages and disadvantages.
E．We should communicate with each other with phones off.
F．When your technology can help to do these things，then use it.
G．When she left the room，I slowly walked over to the phone and stared at it for a while.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。随着新技术的出现，人们只是盯着(手机)屏幕，很少有人面对面交谈，彼此之间缺少现实生活中的联系。文章中作者告诉我们要互爱互助，让世界成为更美好的地方，当科技可以帮助人们做这些事情的时候，就使用它；当它不能的时候，就关掉它。
36．G 解析：根据下文的I was wondering how she managed to talk with someone she couldn’t see.可知，作者很想知道妈妈是怎么跟她看不见的人聊天的。据此可以推断，作者当时对这个电话很感兴趣。G项(当她离开房间时，我慢慢地走到电话机旁，盯着它看了一会儿)符合文意。故选G项。
37．A 解析：根据下文的Later，we had mobile phones that could be carried around the room.可知，后来“我们”有了可以随身携带的手机。Later提示时间的变化，A项(那是很久以前了)与Later对应，符合语境。故选A项。
38．C 解析：根据上文的what bothers me is that we rarely associate with(与……来往) each other nowadays和下文的Instead of looking into the eyes of our loved ones，we stare at our screens.可知，现在很少有人花时间面对面交谈。故选C项。
39．B 解析：根据上文的Have a long conversation with the phones off and the hearts on.可知，把手机关掉，用心和朋友长谈。phones off和hearts on提示了线上交流和线下交流的对比。B项(线下交流和线上交流一样要进行)承接上文，符合文意。故选B项。
40．F 解析：设空处后一句中的But表示转折，提示设空处与后一句为转折关系。F项(当科技可以帮助人们做这些事情时，那就使用它)与下一句(但是当它不能时，关掉它)形成对比，符合语境。故选F项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
“A robbery(抢劫)... ” a voice came from the radio.John was driving home late last night from a trip，and now he was having trouble staying 41 ．He turned up the radio and tried to fix his attention on the 42 ，but his eyes kept on closing.
It was then that he noticed the hitchhiker(旅行者) by the road.Without even thinking about what he was doing，he stopped the car.
“To Marilee？” “Get in.” The hitchhiker got in and immediately John was 43 that he had picked him up.The young man 44 a strange face and long hair.When John asked him questions about himself，he changed the 45 ．
John 46 the news.He began to sweat and his thoughts 47 nervously to all the money he was 48 ．
At the next small town he stopped his car and said，“I’m sorry.I’m so 49 that I can’t drive you to Marilee.I think I’ll find a 50 and spend the night.”
The young man slowly 51 into his pocket.“This is it！”thought John.At that 52 moment he considered shouting for help，but instead of a gun，the hitchhiker pulled out several bills.“Oh，no.I don’t want your money.Just get out.Okay？”
The young man looked 53 ．He insisted on giving John the money.John watched until his 54 had disappeared from sight，then stepped on the 55 and drove out of town.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了一个出租车司机把一个旅行者误当作新闻中的抢劫犯而虚惊一场的故事。
41．A.asleep B．early
C．strong D．awake
D 解析：考查形容词辨析。stay awake 指“保持清醒的状态”，由下文“his eyes kept on closing”可知。
42．A.outside B．news
C．speed D．way
B 解析：考查名词辨析。 收音机播放有关抢劫的新闻。
43．A.happy B．sad
C．angry D．sorry
D 解析：考查形容词辨析。他立刻觉得后悔了。
44．A.wore B．owned
C．had D．made
C 解析： 考查动词辨析。had此处意为“长着”。
45．A.place B．subject
C．question D．face
B 解析：考查名词辨析。 subject意为“谈话的主题 ”。他改变话题。
46．A.remembered B．thought
C．heard D．forgot
A 解析：考查动词辨析。他记起了刚才的新闻。
47．A.got B．arrived
C．changed D．turned
D 解析：考查动词辨析。 思想转向身上的钱；turn to 转向。
48．A.paying B．having
C．carrying D．borrowing
C 解析：考查动词辨析。carry意为“携带”。
49．A.afraid B．hungry
C．cold D．sleepy
D 解析：考查形容词辨析。 根据第一段中“he was having trouble staying ______”和“his eyes kept on closing”可知应选sleepy。
50．A.restaurant B．shop
C．hotel D．station
C 解析：考查名词辨析。根据后文的“spend the night”来推测应是找“旅馆”。
51．A.reached B．forced
C．got D．put
A 解析：考查动词辨析。reach into the pocket 意为“把手伸进口袋”。
52．A.important B．very
C．long D．short
B 解析： 考查形容词辨析。very在此用来加强语气，意为“正是，就是”。
53．A.frightened B．puzzled
C．worried D．curious
B 解析：考查形容词辨析。looked puzzled意为“看上去迷惑不解”。他不明白为什么司机不要他的钱。
54．A.driver B．friend
C．passenger D．thief
C 解析：考查名词辨析。 此空格根据his应选passenger意为“他的乘客”。
55．A.door B．gas
C．window D．motor
B 解析： 考查名词辨析。step on the gas 意为“踩油门”。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many times we spare no effort at work，56.___________(offer) hours of overtime by ignoring our family life.We spend time with people who we have nothing in common with，and attend social 57.____________(activity) we have no interest 58.____________．We always find ourselves living our lives in the way that pleases and impresses others instead of being ourselves.In fact，most of people only think about 59.____________(they) 99% of the time，and 60.____________(rare) give us a second thought，as a result of 61.____________ we often end up feeling unhappy and out of place.
In view of this，it’s time to think about ourselves，our own family，and start creating a future 62.__________(base) on our own likes and dislikes.63.____________，think it over next time when we are required to work overtime.Trying to be a loving parent or good friend 64.__________ (be) very likely to give us far more 65.____________(please)and a feeling of security，connection and belonging.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。人们总是为了加班和所谓的社交活动而忽略自己和家人，因此作者呼吁人们重视家人和朋友，关爱自己。
56．offering 解析：本句已有谓语动词spare，且设空前无连词，故此处用非谓语动词作伴随状语，offer与句子主语之间是逻辑上的主动关系，所以应用现在分词。故填offering。
57．activities 解析：activity在此指为达到某一特定目标而进行的活动，是可数名词，此处泛指不定量的社交活动，应用复数。故填activities。
58．in 解析：have interest in...是固定搭配，意为“对……感兴趣”。此处we have no interest ____________ 作定语修饰activities，被省略的引导词作介词in的宾语。故填in。
59．themselves 解析：句意：事实上，大部分人仅仅考虑他们自己……主语和宾语指同一人/物，宾语应用反身代词。故填themselves。
60．rarely 解析：此处修饰动词give，应用副词。故填rarely。
61．which 解析：此处as a result of ____________ we often end up feeling unhappy and out of place是定语从句，引导词指代前面整个主句，在从句中作介词of的宾语，用关系代词which。故填which。
62．based 解析：此处应用非谓语动词形式作定语，修饰a future，base与a future之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以应用过去分词。故填based。
63．Therefore/Thus 解析：句意：因此，下一次当我们被要求加班时，要仔细考虑。本句与上句之间是因果关系。故填Therefore/Thus。
64．is 解析：Trying to be a loving parent or good friend是动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数，结合语境可知，此处应用一般现在时。故填is。
65．pleasure 解析：句意：努力做一个有爱的家长或者好朋友很可能会给我们更多的快乐以及一种安全感、关联感和归属感。give后接双宾语，其直接宾语应用名词形式。根据语境，pleasure在此处用作不可数名词。故填pleasure。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假设你是某中学学生李华，在你班级留学的美国学生Bill无法适应这里的学习与生活，时常感到苦闷，他写信向你求助。请你用英文给他写一封回信。内容如下：
1．深表同情；
2．提出建议并给出理由(至少三条建议，如：参加学校社团活动、与朋友交流、做些户外活动等)；
3．希望建议能有所帮助。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Bill，
I am sorry to know you are having trouble with your life and study here.However，the situation is easy to change.Now，I’d like to give you some advice.
Firstly，join some school clubs，where you can make some friends.Secondly，communicate with the people who have the same interest with you.Maybe it can help you get rid of your loneliness.Thirdly，do some outdoor activities and they can make you relaxed.By doing all these，you can get used to your school life and live happily.
Hope my advice can help you.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
Jimmy is an automotive mechanic，but he lost his job a few months ago.He has a good heart，but he always feared applying for a new job.
One day，he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview in order to support his family.His appointment was at 10 am and it was already 8：30.While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed，he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car.Obviously there was something wrong with the car.Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand.When Jimmy finished working on the car，the old man asked him how much he should pay for the service.Jimmy said there was no need to pay him，that he just helped someone in need，and that he had to rush for an interview.Then the old man said，“Well，I could take you to the office for your interview.It’s the least I could do.Please，I insist.”Jimmy agreed.
Upon arrival，Jimmy found a long line of applicants waiting to be interviewed.Jimmy still had some grease on him after the car repair，but he did not have much time to wash it off or have a change of shirt.One by one，the applicants left the interviewer’s office with disappointed looks on their faces.Finally his name was called.The interviewer was sitting on a large chair facing the office window.Rocking the chair back and forth，he asked，“Do you really need to be interviewed？”Jimmy’s heart sank.“With the way I look now，how could I possibly pass this interview？”He thought to himself.
Paragraph 1：
Then the interviewer turned the chair and to Jimmy’s surprise，________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
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Paragraph 2：
Seeing this，the manager said，__________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
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One possible version：
Paragraph 1：
Then the interviewer turned the chair and to Jimmy’s surprise，it was the old man whom he helped earlier in the morning.It turned out that he was the General Manager of the company and Jimmy was one of the applicants of his company.What a coincidence！Jimmy couldn’t believe his eyes！He didn’t know what would happen to him，so he kept silent!
Paragraph 2：
Seeing this，the manager said，“Sorry I had to keep you waiting，but I was pretty sure I made the right decision to have you as part of our workforce before you even stepped into this office.I just know you’d be a trustworthy worker.You have a good heart and I believe you can try your best to do your work.Welcome to my company！Congratulation！”Still surprised，Jimmy sat down and they shared a cup of well-deserved coffee as he landed himself a new job.
