Unit 2 What is happiness to you
“幸福快乐”， 多么诱人的字眼， 谁不想幸福快乐呢？ 不同的人对幸福快乐有不同的理解。 让我们一起来看看下面这个人是如何理解幸福快乐的吧！
In a survey taken in Asian countries, parents were asked what they wanted most for their children.The response was that they wanted their children to be successful.In America, parents were asked a similar question.Generally, American parents expressed a desire for their children to be happy.People everywhere seem to be in search for happiness.
Many have sought a variety of sources for their feelings of happiness.Some have put their heart and efforts into their work.Too many have turned to drugs and alcohol.Untold numbers have looked for it in the possession of expensive cars, vacation homes, and other popular “toys”．
This thinking is dangerous because it presupposes that happiness is a “response” to having, being or doing something.In life, we all experience stimulus(刺激) and response.Stimulus is when a dog barks at you and bares his teeth.Response is when your heart beats faster, your palms get sweaty and you prepare to run.
Today, some people think that an expensive car is stimulus.Happiness is a response.A great paying job is stimulus.Happiness is a response.This belief leaves us thinking and feeling：“I’ll be happy when...”
It has been my finding that actually the opposite is true.I believe that happiness is a stimulus and response is what life brings to those who are truly happy.When we are happy, we tend to have more success in our work.When we are happy, people want to be around us and enjoying loving relationships.When we are happy, we more naturally take better care of our bodies and enjoy good health.Happiness is not a response—rather, it is a stimulus.
Happiness is a conscious(有意识的) choice we make every day of our lives.For unknown reasons to me, many choose to be miserable, frustrated(懊恼的) and angry most of the time.Happiness is not something that happens to us after we get something we want—we usually get things we want after we choose to be happy.
Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading—Warming Up
1．severe adj. 严重的； 严厉的， 严格的； 艰巨的
2．thankful adj. 感激的， 感谢的
3．advocate vt. 拥护； 支持； 提倡
4．temporary adj. 短暂的； 暂时的
5．rebuild vt. 重建； 改建
6．unbearable adj. 无法忍受的
7．apart adv. 分开， 分离
8．junior adj. 青少年的； 地位(或职位、级别)低下的
9．surround vt.围绕，环绕 →surrounding adj.周围的n.环境；周围的事物 →surrounded adj.被……环绕着的
10．suffering n．疼痛，痛苦；折磨 →suffer vt.遭受；忍受；容忍；患病→sufferer n．受难者；患者
11．appreciation n．感激， 感谢；欣赏；理解； (艺术方面的)鉴定，评估→appreciate vt.欣赏；赏识；感激；领会
12．sorrow n．悲伤， 悲痛 →sorry adj.对不起的；抱歉的
13．accomplish vt.完成，实现 →accomplishment n．成就；完成
14．adapt vi.& vt.(使)适应；改编 →adaptation n．改编；改编成的作品
15．admirable adj.令人钦佩的，令人羡慕的，值得赞美的→admire vt.钦佩；羡慕；欣赏→admiration n．钦佩；赞赏
1．apart__from 远离， 和……不在一起； 除了
2．in__good__spirits 心情好
3．go__after 追求； 谋求
4．cheer__up 感到高兴， 感到振奋
5．adapt__to 适应……
6．overcome__sorrow 战胜悲痛
7．have__appreciation__for 对……充满感激之情
8. meet/reach__a__goal 实现目标
9．touch__the__depths__of__one’s__soul
触动某人灵魂深处
1．动名词短语作表语
To some, happiness is being__surrounded__by__family__and__friends．
对某些人来说， 幸福就是有家人和朋友陪伴在自己身边。
2．by the time引导时间状语从句
By__the__time__she__competed__in__the__gymnastics__tournament at the New York Goodwill Games, she had__been a junior gymnast for eleven years.
到参加纽约友好运动会的体操锦标赛时， 桑兰已经是一名有着十一年经验的体操小将了。
3．even though引导让步状语从句
Even__though__her__training__meant__that she had to live apart from her parents, she was happy to devote herself to gymnastics.
尽管训练意味着她不得不与父母分开， 但是她还是非常愿意投身到体操中去。
4．whenever引导时间状语从句
I know I will think about how she rebuilt her life whenever__my__life__feels__unbearable．
我想， 以后每当我感到生活难以承受的时候， 我都会想一想桑兰是如何重建生活的。
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Dr Brain used Sang Lan as an example to ________．
A．talk about his study on happiness
B．talk about how to find happiness in difficult times
C．present his own views about happiness
D．introduce his books about happiness
2．By saying “she had been a junior gymnast for eleven years”， Dr Brain really means ________．
A．Sang Lan began learning gymnastics at six
B．Sang Lan competed in the gymnastics tournament at the New York Goodwill Games
C．Sang Lan lived apart from her parents
D．Sang Lan devoted herself to gymnastics and was working towards something special
3．The world was amazed by Sang Lan’s ________．
A．unexpected injury
B．way to remain cheerful
C．success in her sports career
D．energetic, happy and hard?working spirit
4．Which of the following CANNOT be inferred from the interview?
A．Different people have different views about happiness.
B．Sang Lan’s courage to rebuild her life even in unbearable condition is admirable.
C．All people can find happiness even in difficult times.
D．Sang Lan likes to think about positive things and stay optimistic.
答案： 1－4.BDBC
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．Everyone who saw her, from nurses to famous visitors like Leonardo DiCaprio from the film Titanic, who went to see her in the hospital to cheer her up, all said she was in good spirits.
who saw her是________从句， 修饰先行词Everyone; who went to see her in the hospital是who引导的__________________从句， 修饰 Leonardo DiCaprio; to cheer her up是不定式短语作目的状语； she was in good spirits是宾语从句。
[尝试翻译] 见过她的每个人， 从护士到专门来医院探望、 鼓励她的名人， ________ 《泰坦尼克号》的主演莱昂纳多·迪卡普里奥， __________________________ 。
答案：定语；非限制性定语；如电影；都说她精神状态良好
2．Sang Lan knew that for many people the secret to happiness is to have appreciation for the good things in life, and to focus on goals.
Sang Lan 是句子的主语； knew是谓语动词； that for many people the secret to happiness...是that引导的________从句； to have appreciation for the good things in life是不定式短语作________语， and连接的 to focus on goals也是不定式作________语。
[尝试翻译] 桑兰知道， 对于很多人来说，________________________________________________， 集中精力实现自己的目标。
答案：宾语；表；表；幸福的秘诀在于享受生活中美好的事物
The search for happiness
Host: We’re talking about happiness today.To some, happiness is being surrounded① by family and friends.To others, happiness means achieving② success③ in something, such as meeting a goal.To those who have been injured④ or struggle⑤ with a physical disability⑥， happiness can simply mean a day without suffering⑦， or just being alive.
Our guest today is Dr Brain, who has written several books about happiness and the things people do⑧ to keep themselves happy⑨.Dr Brain, thank you for joining us today.
①surround[s?'ra?nd]vt.围绕，环绕
be surrounded by被……环绕/围绕
②mean doing sth.意味着做某事
mean to do sth.打算做某事
③achieve success取得成功
④injure v．伤害；损害
⑤struggle v．&n.努力，奋斗；挣扎
⑥physical disability身体残疾
⑦suffering['s?f?rI?]n.疼痛，痛苦；折磨
⑧people do是定语，修饰things。
⑨keep themselves happy为“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
寻求幸福
主持人：我们今天来谈论幸福这个话题。对某些人来说，幸福就是有家人和朋友陪伴在自己身边。对其他人来说，幸福意味着在某事上成功，例如完成一个目标。对于那些受伤的人或者是身体有残疾的人来说，幸福可能仅仅意味着过一天没有病痛折磨的日子，或者仅仅是活着而已。
我们今天的嘉宾是布莱恩博士，他写过好几本有关幸福以及人们为了使自己保持幸福所做的事的书。布莱恩博士，谢谢您参加我们今天的节目。
Dr Brain: Thank you for inviting me.Today, I’m going to talk about how to find happiness⑩.
Host: I understand that you often use the example of the gymnast? Sang Lan to show how people can find happiness even during times? of a personal catastrophe?.
Dr Brain: Yes, Sang Lan is a very good example of someone who is happy with? her life, even when people expect her to be sad?.Before her accident, we knew her as a young girl who was happy and successful in her sport.While she was injured and in hospital?， she amazed the world by the way she remained? cheerful?.Now, she finds happiness through reaching much smaller goals, and through the love of the people around her.
Host: Well, in case? some of our viewers? don’t know her story, can you tell us a little bit about Sang Lan and who she is？
⑩how to find happiness是“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构，作talk about的宾语。
?gymnast['d?Imn?st]n.体操运动员
?times n．时期，时代
?catastrophe n．(突然而来的)大灾难
?be happy with...对……感到幸福
?expect
?in hospital住院
in the hospital在医院里(不一定生病)
while conj.当……的时候，引导时间状语从句。
?remain link?v.仍然是，后面可接n.，adj.或to be done作表语。
?she remained cheerful是way的定语从句。
?in case以防，以防万一，后面接条件状语从句。
in case of后面接名词，意为“万一，假如”。
?viewer['vju??(r)]n.电视观众；观看者
布莱恩博士：谢谢您的邀请。今天，我将谈谈如何找到幸福。
主持人：我知道，您经常以体操运动员桑兰为例来告诉人们，即使在个人遭遇灾难时，如何能找到幸福。
布莱恩博士：是的，桑兰就是一个非常好的例子，即使别人预料她会很伤心，但她却生活得很幸福。在事故发生之前，我们知道桑兰是一个年轻、快乐的女孩，在体育方面有骄人的成绩。在她受伤住院期间，世人都为她依然开朗的样子感到惊讶。如今，她在实现较小目标的过程中从周边人对她的爱中找到了幸福。
主持人：嗯，以防我们有些观众还不知道桑兰的故事，您能为我们简单介绍一下桑兰吗？
Dr Brain: Of course.Sang Lan was born in Ningbo, China in 1981，and began learning gymnastics when she was only six years old.By the time she competed in the gymnastics tournament at the New York Goodwill Games, she had been a junior gymnast for eleven years.Sang Lan’s best event was always the vault.She started winning competitions in 1991 and kept working hard.Her teammates described her as energetic , happy and hard?working.
Even though her training meant that she had to live apart from her parents, she was happy to devote herself to gymnastics.Sang Lan knew that in those years, she was working towards something special, and she was making her parents proud.In 1998, a small accident during one of her practice vaults at the Goodwill Games could have cost her her future happiness.A coach changed the way the equipment was set up, but Sang Lan was not aware of the change until it was too late.She hit her head, and then fell to the gymnastics mat with a broken neck.She was rushed to a top hospital in New York.Specialists from many parts of the world said that because of her severe injuries, she would never walk again.
by the time引导时间状语从句，意为“到……的时候”。
compete in参加……比赛
tournament n．锦标赛，联赛
Goodwill Games友好运动会
goodwill[?ɡ?d'wIl]n.友好；善意
junior['d?u?nI?(r)]adj.青少年的；地位(或职位、级别)低下的
event n．运动项目，比赛项目
vault[v??lt]n.跳马(体操项目)；腾跳
describe...as...把……描述成……
energetic adj.精力充沛的，充满活力的
even though (＝even if)引导让步状语从句。
apart from prep.远离，和……不在一起；除了
apart[?'pɑ?t]adv.分开，分离
devote oneself to投身于，献身于(to为介词)
“was happy...”为“be＋adj.＋to do”结构，不定式作原因状语。
形容词修饰不定代词时，要放于不定代词之后。
“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
“could have done”表示原本能做而未做。
be aware of意识到
mat[m?t]n.(体育运动用的)厚垫子
rush在此作及物动词，用了被动语态。指因意外事件急送某人或某物去某处。
specialist['spe??lIst]n.专科医师；专家
severe[sI'vI?(r)]adj.严重的；严厉的，严格的；艰巨的
布莱恩博士：当然可以。桑兰于1981年出生在中国的宁波市，当她只有6岁时就开始学习体操。到参加纽约友好运动会的体操锦标赛时，桑兰已经是一名有着十一年经验的体操小将了。桑兰最拿手的项目一直是跳马。自1991年她就开始在多次比赛中获胜，并且一直刻苦训练。她的队友们说她精力充沛、快乐、刻苦。
尽管训练意味着她不得不与父母分开，但是她还是非常愿意投身到体操中去。桑兰知道，在那些年里，自己正朝一个特别的目标奋斗，她在使父母为她感到骄傲。1998年在友好运动会上进行跳马练习时出的一起小事故，使原本属于她的未来的幸福化为泡影。一位教练改变了设备安放的方式，当桑兰意识到这一变化时，为时已晚。她一头栽到了体操垫子上，颈骨折断。她被紧急送往纽约市的一家顶级医院。来自世界各地的许多专家说，由于伤势严重，她将永远无法行走了。
Host: That must have been difficult for her.She must have been very sad.
Dr Brain: No, that is why her story is so special.Everyone who saw her, from nurses to famous visitors like Leonardo DiCaprio from the film Titanic, who went to see her in the hospital to cheer her up, all said she was in good spirits.Sang Lan knew that for many people the secret to happiness is to have appreciation for the good things in life ，and to focus on goals.Instead of crying about what she had lost and feeling hopeless, Sang Lan thought about what she could do to get better.Her teammates were competing while she was in hospital.When they visited her and told her about their successes, she was happy for them.When the doctors told her that she would never again be a gymnast, she was able to overcome her sorrow by being proud of the things she had accomplished.She felt thankful to be alive and lucky to have the rest of her life to learn new things.
must have been是对过去情况的肯定推测。
why引导表语从句，后面接结果。
cheer sb.up使某人高兴/振作起来
in good spirits心情好 in bad spirits心情差/坏
to happiness中的to为介词。
appreciation[??pri??I'eI?n]n.感激，感谢；欣赏；理解；(艺术方面的)鉴定，评估
to have...in life为不定式短语作表语。
focus on集中
focus one’s mind/attention/efforts on sth.集中思想/注意力/精力于某事上
sorrow['s?r??]n.悲伤，悲痛
to one’s sorrow令某人感到悲伤的是
be proud of＝take pride in以……为自豪
accomplish[?'k?mplI?]vt.完成，实现
thankful['θ??kfl]adj.感激的，感谢的
be thankful for因为……而感激
主持人：那对她来说想必无法承受，她肯定是非常伤心。
布莱恩博士：事实并非如此，那正是她的故事如此特别的原因。见过她的每个人，从护士到专门来医院探望、鼓励她的名人，如电影《泰坦尼克号》的主演莱昂纳多·迪卡普里奥，都说她精神状态良好。桑兰知道，对于很多人来说，幸福的秘诀在于享受生活中美好的事物，集中精力实现自己的目标。所以，桑兰并没有为失去的一切哭泣，感到绝望，她想到的是她能做什么以使自己更好。她住院期间，队友们继续比赛。队友们前往医院看望她，跟她讲述他们的成功时，她为队友们感到高兴。当医生告诉她，她再也不能当体操运动员时，桑兰能够通过为自己事业已取得的成绩感到骄傲和自豪这种方式而战胜悲痛。她庆幸自己仍然活着，庆幸自己未来还有余生学习新东西。
Host: That is really amazing, Dr Brain.How old was she when this happened?
Dr Brain: She was only seventeen years old.
Host：And how has Sang Lan adapted to her new life?
Dr Brain: Very well.She went back to China, and graduated from Peking University in 2007 with a degree in broadcasting.She also hosted a sports programme about the 2008 Beijing Olympics, and continues to be a popular figure on TV.However, her primary goal is to advocate better treatment for disabled people.She says that she likes to be optimistic.She also believes that keeping busy helps her stay positive.
Host: I hope all of our viewers have been inspired by Sang Lan! I think her courage is admirable.I know I will think about how she rebuilt her life whenever my life feels unbearable.
adapt[?'d?pt]vi.&vt.(使)适应；改编
adapt (oneself) to适应 be adapted for被改编成
graduate from从……毕业
Peking University北京大学
broadcasting['br??dkɑ?stI?]n.(无线电和电视的)节目制作和播放；广播
advocate['?dv?keIt]vt.拥护；支持；提倡
此处to advocate better...是不定式短语作表语。
optimistic adj.乐观的 be optimistic about对……感到乐观 pessimistic adj.悲观的
positive adj.积极的；有信心的
be positive about对……积极的 negative adj.消极的
inspire v．鼓舞，激励
admirable['?dm?r?bl]adj.令人钦佩的，令人羡慕的，值得赞美的
rebuild[?ri?'bIld](rebuilt, rebuilt) vt.重建；改建
unbearable[?n'be?r?bl]adj.无法忍受的
whenever引导时间状语从句，表示“每当……的时候”。
主持人：那真让人惊叹，布莱恩博士。这件事发生时她多大？
布莱恩博士：她当时只有17岁。
主持人：那桑兰是如何适应她的新生活的呢？
布莱恩博士：她适应得非常好。她回到中国，2007年毕业于北京大学，获得广播电视专业学位。她也主持过一档有关2008年北京奥运会的体育节目，依然是电视上的活跃人物。然而，她的首要目标是倡导给予残疾人更好的待遇。她说她喜欢乐观。她也相信，忙碌有助于她保持积极乐观的状态。
主持人：我希望我们的所有观众都受到了桑兰的鼓舞！我觉得她的勇气令人钦佩。我想，以后每当我感到生活难以承受的时候，我都会想一想桑兰是如何重建生活的。
A卷
阅读理解
A
Aging brings wrinkles， sagging bodies and frustrating forgetfulness. But getting older is not all bad for many people. Mounting evidence suggests aging may be a key to happiness. There is a conflicting research on the subject， however， and experts say it may all boil down to this： attitude is everything.
Older adults tend to be more optimistic and have a more positive outlook on life than their younger opposites who are under stress. The big question is why seniors are the happier. A recent study suggests one reason： older adults remember the past through happy memories. Aging can bring more cheer as people become more comfortable with themselves and their roles in society. The older adults said they were enjoying more time with their family， spending more time on hobbies and having greater financial security and did not have to work.
But others are doubtful about the link between happiness and growing older.
“The notion that those in old age are the happiest is misleading，” said Richard Easterlin， a professor of economics at the University of Southern California. “It is based on comparing people of different ages who are the same in terms of income， health， family life，” Easterlin added. “When you take account of the fact that older people have lower income than the younger， are less healthy， and are more likely to be living alone， then you will find it hard to accept that they are happier.”
In fact， scientists have found that as people age， their health declines and social networks disappear as their friends die， which can make the elderly less happy.
Even if one does give in to age’s dark side， health and happiness don’t always go hand－in－hand. It’s all about attitude. Research by the University of Chicago suggests that attitude about life and happiness is partly shaped by the era in which a person was born. It turns out that individuals who adapt the best to changes also have the highest expected levels of happiness.
Despite the conflicting findings about aging and happiness， the good news is that there doesn’t appear to be a limit to how much happiness one can achieve in one’s life. “Most people desire happiness，” Easterlin said. “To my knowledge， no one has identified a limit to attainable happiness.”
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了幸福和变老以及态度之间的关系。
1．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us？
A.The key factor to older adults’ happiness.
B.There is a conflict between aging and happiness.
C.No one can define the limit to happiness.
D.The relationship between health and happiness.
C 解析：段落大意题。根据文章最后一段的第一句和本段的整体内容可推知，幸福并没有限度，故选C。
2．Why are some seniors happier according to some experts？
A.They focus on what makes them feel good.
B.They have their own circle of friends.
C.They can enjoy social welfare services.
D.They have better income after retirement.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的整体内容可推知，老年人更加幸福是因为他们可以关注自己喜欢的事情，故选A。
3．What can we learn from the passage？
A.People of the same age have the same sense of happiness.
B.Attitude may play a very important role in happiness.
C.People who adapt the best to changes are more likely to be unhappy.
D.Older adults who have more valuable life experiences are more optimistic.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，幸福的关键还在于态度，故选B。
4．What’s the topic discussed in the passage？
A.Whether aging or attitude brings happiness.
B.Why seniors adapt the best to changes in society.
C.What the limit to an elder person’s happiness is.
D.How older people feel compared with younger people.
A 解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段开篇点题并结合最后一段的首尾呼应可推知，本文主要讨论的是变老和态度究竟哪一个能让人感觉幸福，故选A。
B
Studying abroad will shape you in various ways.You will learn things you never would have if you had stayed home.When you are young and unattached， you should travel.Besides， you just might save a large sum of money.College is expensive in the United States.It’s cheap or free in other countries even for foreigners， so why not get out of here and come back smarter？
More and more American students are currently studying at German colleges.That number has increased by 20% over the last three years.Living costs are about $ 7，000 a year， which is even lower than in other European countries.Germany encourages international students.They create a multicultural landscape that benefits German students as well.According to a new report， Germany is home to six of the world’s 100 best universities.These schools offer around 900 degrees completely in English and many German students speak the language.
You could be part of Finland’s excellent education system.The Finns charge no tuition and offer a number of courses purely in English.They would be happy for you to add flavor to their school scene.Cost of living there is high.Be prepared for frosty winters that far north， but you will get that sweet midnight sun in the summer.
Many other European nations offer cheap or free college for foreign students， but if South America is more your thing， try Brazil.Most of the education will take place in Portuguese， so if that is in your plan you can study near beautiful beaches and jungles.The University of Sao Paulo and State University of Campinas are both highly ranked internationally.Your money will go a long way there， too.
Many of the lessons you will learn will be outside the classroom.Living on the economy in a foreign country will keep you on your toes.You will learn new customs， how to bargain， stay safe， budget and become more flexible with people.There is no better way to learn a language than by immersing yourself in it.At first， it will be the toughest thing you have ever done.Eventually， it will become second nature.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了出国学习英语是学习英语的有效方法，并介绍了世界各国对于国际生的态度以及相关的教育信息。
5．German universities are popular among US students mainly because Ｗ.
A.they offer a multicultural landscape
B.they belong to the world’s best ones
C.the cost of living there is reasonable
D.the students can get their degrees easily
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Germany encourages international students.They create a multicultural landscape that benefits German students as well.”可知德国人创设了多元文化让德国学生和国际学生都从中受益。这一情况很受美国学生的欢迎，故选A。
6．The fourth paragraph suggests that Ｗ.
A.students can learn to earn some money after class
B.many universities are surrounded by beautiful sceneries
C.Brazil provides excellent education to foreign students
D.students needn’t worry about their expense in Brazil
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句Your money will go a long way there， too.可知在巴西，学费并不高，所以国际生不要过于担心学习的费用问题。本段并未涉及A项内容，B、C两项不够精确，故选D。
7．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage？
A.Foreign students are welcomed in Finland.
B.Studying abroad wisely can reduce your expense.
C.Students can learn English well only by learning abroad.
D.Cost of living in Finland is high because of its special climate.
C 解析：细节理解题。作者提出出国学习语言是最好的学习方法，但是并没有说只有出国学习才可以学会英语，C项犯了绝对化的错误，故选C。
8．What is the author’s attitude in the last paragraph？
A.Critical. B.Encouraging.
C.Doubtful. D.Objective.
B 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段倒数第二、三句话There is no better way to learn a language than by immersing yourself in it.At first， it will be the toughest thing you have ever done.可知作者认为没有比自己亲身参与更好的学习方式了，虽然开始的时候，我们可能会有困难。但是最后一切都会很好。这说明作者对于这种学习方法持鼓励态度，故选B。
C
True friends double your happiness and half your burdens. Basically how you would like a true friend to be is what you should be like to your true friends. Trust， forgiveness， responsibility are some elements of a true friendship.
True friendships are hard to achieve. And what’s more， life is short. So treasure these friends if you already have them. If you don’t continue to search， because once you have them， life will become so much easier to live， no matter what happens. I have been through very difficult times and I dare say， without my friends， I would not have made it. Friendships need lots of energy and patience to maintain them. Not to mention time. When your friend needs you， and when things are not going too well on your side， it is often so easy to turn a deaf ear to their requests. It is especially during these times that you must find the strength to help your friend.
And it is during these times that your friendship will be made stronger. And you must always be happy for their successes， even when things are not going too well for you. It might be hard to do this， but it is something that you need to learn.
Think about all the sacrifices your friend has made for you and all the times when he was happy for you despite his own troubles. Think about all the happy times you enjoyed and the sad， difficult times you went through together. That should give you plenty of patience to actually be a true friend. Remember： true friends are the next best thing to family. They will always be your supporters.
【解题导语】 本文向读者解释了什么是真正的朋友及如何得到真正的友谊。
9．What is the best title for this passage？
A.A Precious Friendship
B.A True Friend
C.A Happy Time
D.Friend， a Treasure
B 解析：标题归纳题。文章开篇点题，指明真正的朋友使你的幸福加倍，使你的负担减半，如果你要你的朋友怎么做，你就应该这样做以成为他人的真心朋友。下文围绕着这个论点进行阐述，故答案为B项。
10．According to the passage， to be a true friend， you do NOT need to Ｗ.
A.trust your friends
B.forgive your friends’ mistakes
C.spend much money on friends
D.be helpful to your friends
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Trust， forgiveness， responsibility are some elements of a true friendship.”可知，A、B、D三项均是作为真心朋友要做的，而文中没提到要花钱呵护友谊，故答案为C项。
11．True friendships are hard to achieve because Ｗ.
A.friendships can help you through difficult times
B.friendships need lots of energy and patience
C.your friends need you to give more help to them
D.you should be always on your friends’ side
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Friendships need lots of energy and patience to maintain them.”可知，友谊需要很多精力和耐心去维持，故答案为B项。
12．The underlined phrase “turn a deaf ear to” in Paragraph 2 probably means “ ”.
A.pretend not to know
B.take no measures to
C.have no means to
D.turn to a deaf for
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，当你的朋友需要你的时候，并且当事情并不利于你这一方的时候，很容易对他人的请求置若罔闻，从上下句可以猜测到它的含义，故答案为A项。
七选五
When you were a child you had a pure(纯净的) mind， which was free from worries and anxieties. As time passed， you were influenced by several crises. 1. Ｗ. Below are some techniques which can help you keep a peaceful mind：
Mind your own business.
Focusing on things which are not related to you often results in negativity. 2. Ｗ. So next time an unnecessary thought comes to your mind， think about whether this is really something you should be worrying about. If it isn’t， avoid it right away and focus on something positive.
3． Ｗ.
Stay away from negative people. When someone is negative， he spreads negativity and you get affected. Always staying with such people will have long?term influence on your character. So think about your company(同伴).
Don’t think about others too much.
Remember the great saying： 4. ； Average minds discuss events； Higher minds discuss ideas and great minds act in silent. Don’t allow your brain to compare yourself to others. Don’t be jealous(嫉妒的). This harms your soul and takes away your mental peace.
Ignore your thoughts about being unlucky.
Bad luck happens to everyone. Time whether good or bad， passes quickly. 5. Ｗ. Believe in the power of now. Believe in your skills. Work hard and you will get what you feel you’re worthy of.
With these suggestions， I believe you can bring major changes in your lifestyle and attain(获得) back your mental peace.
A.Small minds discuss people
B.It will disturb your mental peace
C.Surround yourself with positive people
D.Bring positive energy with you wherever you go
E.It is hard to keep your mind away from bad things
F.Develop the power of not looking back into your past
G.Now your pure mind becomes impure when you are stressful
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了保持平和的心态所要遵循的四个处世原则。
1．G 解析：G项中的your pure mind becomes impure when you are stressful与该段首句When you were a child you had a pure(纯净的) mind， which was free from worries and anxieties.相互呼应，故G项符合语境。
2．B 解析：B项It will disturb your mental peace是对本段首句提出的“关注与自己无关的事物会造成消极的影响”的进一步阐述，故B项符合语境。
3．C 解析：根据下文中的When someone is negative， he spreads negativity and you get affected.和think about your company(同伴)可知，第三段主要阐述了与处世消极的同伴交往的坏处，故C项作该段的小标题能很好地概括本段的主旨。
4．A 解析：A项Small minds discuss people与下文中的Average minds discuss events； Higher minds discuss ideas and great minds act in silent.为排比结构，故A项符合语境。
5．F 解析：F项中的past与上文中的Time whether good or bad， passes quickly.相互呼应，故F项符合此处语境。
B卷
阅读理解
Happiness is contagious， researchers reported on Thursday.
People with the most social connections—spouses，friends，neighbors and relatives—were also the happiest， the data showed.“Each additional happy person makes you happier，” Christakis said.
“Imagine that I am connected to you and you are connected to others and others are connected to still others.It is this fabric of humanity， like an American patch quilt.”
Each person sits on a different colored patch.“Imagine that these patches are happy and unhappy patches.Your happiness depends on what is going on in the patch around you，” Christakis said.
“It is not just happy people connecting with happy people， which they do.Above and beyond， there is this contagious process going on.”
And happiness is more contagious than unhappiness， they discovered.
“If a social contact is happy， it increases the likelihood that you are happy by 15 percent，” Fowler said.“A friend of a friend， or the friend of a spouse or a sibling(兄弟姐妹)， if they are happy， increases your chances by 10 percent，” he added.
A happy third degree friend—the friend of a friend of a friend—increases a person’s chances of being happy by 6 percent.
“But every extra unhappy friend increases the likelihood that you’ll be unhappy by 7 percent，” Fowler said.
“The finding is interesting and it is useful， too，” Fowler said.
“Among other benefits， happiness has been shown to have an important effect on reduced mortality(死亡率)， pain reduction， and improved cardiac(心脏的) function.So better understanding of how happiness spreads can help us learn how to promote a healthier society，” he said.
The study also fits in with other data suggested in 1984 that having $ 5， 000 extra increased a person’s chances of becoming happier by about 2 percent.
“A happy friend is worth about $ 20， 000，” Christakis said.
【解题导语】 美国科学家的一项最新研究成果表明， 快乐感可以互相传递。 这项研究成果为我们构建更为健康、 和谐的社会提供了依据和方法。
1．According to the research， your happiness Ｗ.
A.has nothing to do with your workmates or schoolmates
B.has something to do with anyone who has a close relationship with you
C.depends on those who are in favour of you or are against you
D.has little to do with what social connections you have
B 解析： 推理判断题。 根据第二段、 第三段内容可知， 快乐感会不断传递和扩散， 你的配偶、 朋友、 邻居、 亲戚等的快乐指数会直接影响你的快乐程度， 故选B。
2．The underlined word “contagious” in the first paragraph means “ ” .
A.infectious B.beautiful
C.effective D.prior
A 解析： 词义猜测题。 第一句是全文的主题句。 由文章第二、 三、 四段可知， 快乐感可以在人们之间传播， 故contagious的意思是 “有感染力的， 有传染性的”。
3．It can be inferred that Ｗ.
A.happiness spreads as fast and widely as unhappiness
B.unhappiness spreads faster and more widely than happiness
C.happiness spreads faster and more widely than unhappiness
D.the spread of unhappiness has not been studied by researchers
C 解析： 推理判断题。 根据第六段 “And happiness is more contagious than unhappiness， they discovered.” 可推知选C。
4．Which of the following will increase your chances of becoming happier most？
A.Being in a party with a happy atmosphere.
B.A happy experience of your brother or your parents.
C.A happy trip to a foreign country of your friends.
D.Happiness of your friend’s friend.
A 解析： 细节理解题。 根据第七、 八段讲述的别人的快乐感对你的影响几率可知， 排在最前的是 “If a social contact is happy ...by 15 percent...”， 故选A。
完形填空
I was an unlucky nurse who had to work on Christmas Day.It was always 1 in the emergency room on this day；so I was not expecting any patients.When I was complaining about 2 on such a beautiful festival，five people showed up at my desk—a pale woman and four small children.
“Are you all sick？”I asked in a(n) 3 way because they seemed all right.
“Yes，”the woman answered 4 and lowered her head.
But when they started to present their problems，things got a little vague.Two of the children had headaches， 5 the headaches weren’t accompanied by normal body languages such as holding the head.Two children had earaches，but neither of them could tell me 6 ear was in pain.The mother complained of a cough，but she seemed to be 7 .
Something was wrong.I didn’t say anything but explained that it might take a while 8 a doctor could meet them.“Take your 9 ，please，”the mother responded.Then，I checked their charts—no address.Suddenly I knew，they were homeless and the hospital was 10 Ｗ.
I looked out at the family，gathering together under the Christmas tree，smiling and 11 with each other sweetly.Quietly，I went back to the nurses’ station and told them that we had a homeless 12 in the waiting room.It was just like God sending us a 13 on Christmas Day.The nurses’ station suddenly came back to 14 .All the nurses went into action，just as we did when there was a real 15 emergency.But this one was “a Christmas emergency”.
We 16 our meals for our Christmas “patients”.We also put together oranges and apples 17 presents.Usually we just tried to 18 the physical needs of our patients.But today，we worked hard to exceed(超越) the needs of a family who only 19 a warm place on Christmas Day.
Later，when the family was leaving，the four?year?old girl ran back and gave me a 20 .“Thanks for being our angel (天使) today，”she whispered in my ear.
【解题导语】 本文叙述了在圣诞节那一天作者所在的医院里发生的事情。一个妇女带着四个孩子来医院假装看病，其实是为了在这里取暖，值班的作者了解了情况后和其他护士一起给这家人提供了食物和礼物。这家人离开时，小女孩亲了作者并说作者是天使。
1．A.quiet B.noisy
C.bright D.dark
A 解析：根据下文内容可知，作者没有预料到圣诞节那天有病人，因为圣诞节病人一般很少，所以急诊室很安静(quiet)。
2．A.studying B.talking
C.working D.playing
C 解析：根据上文提到的作者说自己是一个不幸的护士，在圣诞节还必须工作的内容可知，此处指当作者正抱怨着自己在如此美好的节日里还要工作(working)时……
3．A.suspecting B.expecting
C.forgetting D.accepting
A 解析：因为他们看起来都很健康，所以作者用怀疑的(suspecting)方式问“你们都生病了吗”。
4．A.excitedly B.surprisedly
C.weakly D.strongly
C 解析：根据空后的“lowered her head”及下文的内容可知，他们都没有生病，而是假装生病以待在暖和的医院里，故此处指的应是这个女士弱弱地回答道。excitedly“激动地”；surprisedly“惊讶地”；weakly“虚弱地”；strongly“强有力地”。
5．A.or B.so
C.and D.but
D 解析：有两个孩子说头疼，但却未伴随有正常的头疼时的身体语言，例如托着头。前后句为转折关系，故用but。
6．A.what B.which
C.how D.why
B 解析：两个孩子耳朵疼，但没有一个能告诉作者哪只耳朵疼。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是宾语从句，表示“哪一个”，且此处是有范围的选择，故用which。
7．A.explaining B.understanding
C.promoting D.pretending
D 解析：句中的“but”说明这个女士不是真咳嗽，似乎是假装(pretend)的。explain“解释”；understand“理解”；promote“促进”。
8．A.unless B.before
C.after D.when
B 解析：作者向他们解释说，医生要过一会儿才能来见他们。before“在……之前”，符合语境。unless“如果不”；after“在……之后”；when“当……时候”。
9．A.money B.breath
C.break D.time
D 解析：根据下文中的“they were homeless and the hospital was ”及“a family who only a warm place on Christmas Day”可知他们只是想待在医院里，不着急“看病”，故此处指的应是这位母亲回答作者道“请慢慢来”。take your time“慢慢来，别着急”。
10．A.warm B.cold
C.big D.small
A 解析：根据“on Christmas Day”可知故事发生在冬天，医院里应该是暖和的(warm)。下文中的“a warm place”亦是提示。
11．A.quarreling B.fighting
C.chatting D.competing
C 解析：作者看到他们聚集在圣诞树下，微笑着，甜蜜地聊着天(chat)。quarrel“争吵”；fight“打仗”；compete“竞争”。
12．A.mother B.family
C.girl D.boy
B 解析：根据第一段最后一句中的“five people showed up...small children”可知，出现在医院的是一个脸色苍白的女士和四个小孩子，故此处指的应是候诊室里有一个无家可归的家庭(family)。
13．A.job B.luck
C.chance D.gift
D 解析：根据语境可知，此处指圣诞节时出现的这一家人就好像是上帝给作者和其他护士的礼物(gift)。护士本来就有工作，所以A项不对。luck“运气”；chance“机会”。
14．A.space B.earth
C.life D.school
C 解析：护士值班室突然间恢复了活力。因为圣诞节一般没什么病人，所以值班的护士也觉得无聊，这家人的出现使他们有事可做。come to life“使人兴奋，变得活跃”。
15．A.traffic B.medical
C.political D.history
B 解析：所有的护士都行动起来了，就像我们在出现紧急医疗(medical)情况时所做的那样。traffic“交通”；political“政治的”；history“历史”。
16．A.took out B.gave out
C.turned out D.put out
A 解析：我们取出自己的饭给了圣诞节“病人”。take out...for sb.“取出某物给某人”；give out...to sb.“分发某物给某人”；turn out“结果是，证明是”；put out“伸出”。
17．A.for B.as
C.on D.in
B 解析：我们把橘子和苹果放在一起作为礼物。as在此意为“作为”。
18．A.meet B.cut
C.increase D.miss
A 解析：我们通常会试着满足(meet)病人的生理需要。meet the needs“满足需要”。
19．A.built B.escaped
C.wanted D.refused
C 解析：但是今天，我们努力给这个家庭的远远超越了他们的需求，他们只是想(want)在圣诞节有个温暖的地方。
20．A.cake B.bag
C.kiss D.visit
C 解析：当这个家庭离开时，四岁的小女孩跑回来给了作者一个吻(kiss)，并在她的耳边低声说道“谢谢你今天成为我们的天使”。
语法填空
The Great Barrier Reef is one of Earth’s greatest 1. (nature) wonders. It’s the largest system of coral reefs(珊瑚礁) in the world. The colorful underwater habitat provides food and shelter to many sea animals. But in 2016， scientists flying over the reef 2. (shock) by what they saw.
“Where you expected 3. (see) colorful healthy corals， what you saw was just white，” says scientist Mark Eakin.
What the scientists saw is a condition called coral bleaching(珊瑚白化).It’s a warning sign that the reef is 4. serious trouble. Experts say 5. is rising ocean temperatures that are mostly to blame.
Coral reefs look like plants， but they’re 6. (actual) tiny animals that live together in huge groups. Corals get their nutrients from tiny plant?like living things called algae(海藻). The algae live inside corals and give 7. (they) their color. But when the ocean gets too warm， corals release the algae. As 8. result， the corals get bleached white. Scientists say that bleaching is becoming more widespread as oceans get warmer. Some corals can recover from bleaching as the water 9. (cool) in winter， but that is getting less likely as winter ocean temperatures rise too.
Reefs worldwide suffer from 10. (pollute)， overfishing， and other dangers， but scientists say climate change is the biggest threat. They predict that nearly 90 percent of all reefs will disappear by 2050.
1．natural 解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语修饰wonders，故填natural(自然的)。
2．were shocked 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语scientists与shock之间是被动关系，且由时间状语in 2016可知，设空处表示的动作发生在过去，故填were shocked。
3．to see 解析：考查不定式作宾语的用法。expect to do sth.意为“期望做某事”。
4．in 解析：考查介词。in trouble意为“处于困境中，有麻烦”。
5．it 解析：考查it的用法。设空处所在句是强调句型，强调rising ocean temperatures，故填it。
6．actually 解析：考查副词。设空处修饰系动词are，故填actually。
7．them 解析：考查代词。设空处作宾语，指代前面的corals，故填them。
8．a 解析：考查不定冠词。as a result意为“结果”。
9．cools 解析：考查一般现在时。设空处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填cools。
10．pollution 解析：考查名词。设空处与overfishing以及other dangers并列作from的宾语，故填名词pollution。
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Unit 2 What is happiness to you？
Unit 2 What is happiness to you？
Unit 2 What is happiness to you？
Unit 2 What is happiness to you？
Unit 2 What is happiness to you？
Unit 2 What is happiness to you？
Unit 2 What is happiness to you？
Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading—Warming Up
本部分内容讲解结束
按ESC键退出全屏播放
Unit 2
What is happiness
to you
自学导引·语篇理解
自主探究·巩固新知
教材助读·解疑清障
读懂课文·破解难疑
Section Ⅱ Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language Points
surround vt.包围； 围住； 围绕； 环绕； 与……紧密相关
(教材P18)To some, happiness is being surrounded by family and friends.
对某些人来说， 幸福就是有家人和朋友陪伴在自己身边。
(1)be surrounded by/with... 被……包围
(2)surrounding adj. 周围的
surroundings n. 环境
①They live in a small house, surrounded by all kinds of trees.
他们住在一座小房子里， 周围环绕着各种各样的树木。
②The town’s water comes from the surrounding(surround) hills.
这个城镇的水是从周围的小山上流下来的。
③Living in beautiful and comfortable surroundings(surround), we feel very happy.
生活在优美舒适的环境里， 我们感到很幸福。
[巧学活用]——完成句子/句式升级
(1)远处那栋高楼是我爸爸公司的所在地。
The tall building in__the__distance is home to my father’s company.
(2)那栋高楼被许多枫树所环绕。
The tall building is__surrounded__by a great many maple trees.
(3)用过去分词短语作后置定语连接(1)(2)句：
The tall building surrounded__by__a__great__many maple trees in the distance is__home__to__my__father’s__company．
mean vt.意味着； 想要； 意欲
adj.平均的； 吝啬的
(教材P18)To others, happiness means achieving success in something, such as meeting a goal. 对其他人来说， 幸福意味着在某事上成功， 例如完成一个目标。
(1)mean to do sth. 打算/想要做某事
mean doing 意味着/意思是
(had) meant to do sth. 原打算做某事
be meant for 注定成为， 为某人所
打造/准备
(2)be mean about 对……吝啬
①It was meant to be an apology but it only made her angry.
这原本是为了道歉， 但却惹她生气了。
②New experiences often mean taking (take) some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
新的经历经常意味着冒险，所以你的大脑也会提高你对冒险的忍受力。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)有时放弃一些东西可能意味着得到的更多。
Sometimes giving up a little can mean getting__more．
(2)我未能多帮忙，十分抱歉。
I feel rather__mean__for__not__helping__more．
struggle n．&vi.奋斗， 努力； 挣扎
(教材P18)To those who have been injured or struggle with a physical disability, happiness can simply mean a day without suffering, or just being alive.
对于那些受伤的人或者是身体有残疾的人来说， 幸福可能仅仅意味着过一天没有病痛折磨的日子， 或者仅仅是活着而已。
(1)struggle with/against 与……搏斗/斗争
struggle for sth./to do sth. 努力/争取做某事
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
(2)with a struggle 费劲地
①Life mainly consists of happiness and sorrow while happiness and sorrow consist in struggle.
生活主要是由快乐和悲伤组成， 而快乐和悲伤存在于拼搏之中。
②We have to struggle__against all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.
我们必须和来自国内外的各种各样的困难作斗争。
③She’s struggling to__bring(bring)up a family with a very low income.
她靠着非常微薄的收入艰难地供养着一家人。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
她从来没有放弃， 努力过着一种积极的生活。
She never gave up and struggled__to__lead__an__active__life．
apart from 远离， 和……不在一起； 除……之外(还有)
(教材P18)Even though her training meant that she had to live apart from her parents, she was happy to devote herself to gymnastics.
尽管训练意味着她不得不与父母分开，但是她还是非常愿意投身到体操中去。
(1)take apart 拆开； 拆卸
tell apart 区分开
(2)besides 除……之外(还有)
aside from 除……之外(还有)
in addition to 除……之外(还有)
(3)except 除了
except for 除了
①Apart from his schoolwork, he takes interest in anything.
除了学校作业之外， 他对任何事都感兴趣。
②Most new cars look so similar that it’s impossible to tell them apart．
大多数新汽车看上去像是一样的， 不大可能把它们区别开来。
③Everything is quiet，aside from the occasional sound of a car in the distance.
除了远处偶尔有汽车的声响外，四周一片寂静。
④We have lots of things in common besides music.
除了音乐，我们还有很多共同点。
[巧学活用]——单句改错
(1)It’s too expensive.Beside, I don’t like its colour.Beside→Besides
(2)She can speak French and Japanese in addition English.addition后加to
(3)The girl said that the film was very good except its music.except后加for
cost sb.sth. 使某人付出……代价
(教材P19)In 1998, a small accident during one of her practice vaults at the Goodwill Games could have cost her her future happiness.
1998年在友好运动会上进行跳马练习时出的一起小事故， 使原本属于她的未来的幸福化为泡影。
(1)cost sb.some money/work
花费某人金钱/劳动
cost sb.’s job/work/life 使某人丢了工作/生命
cost sb.dearly 使某人付出高昂的代价
(2)at the cost of...＝at the expense of...
以……为代价
①That one mistake almost cost him his life.
那一个差错几乎使他丧命。
②The poor fox escaped from the trap at__the__cost__of/at__the__expense__of a leg.
那只可怜的狐狸以失去一条腿的代价逃出了陷阱。
[巧学活用]——翻译下列句中加黑的部分
(1)The man’s rude behaviour cost him his job.使他丢了工作
(2)Careless driving cost him his life.使他丢了性命
(3)The book cost me 5 dollars.花费了我五美元
(4)We made two mistakes that cost us dearly.使我们付出了高昂的代价
(5)We must reduce the production cost.生产成本
(6)The soldiers saved the little girl from the fire at the cost of their lives.以他们的生命为代价
in good spirits 心情好， 兴高采烈
(教材P19)Everyone who saw her, from nurses to famous visitors like Leonardo DiCaprio from the film Titanic, who went to see her in the hospital to cheer her up, all said she was in good spirits. 见过她的每个人， 从护士到专门来医院探望、 鼓励她的名人， 如电影《泰坦尼克号》的主演莱昂纳多·迪卡普里奥， 都说她精神状态良好。
(1)in high spirits 情绪高涨
in low/poor spirits 沮丧地， 情绪低落
out of spirits 无精打采
keep one’s spirits up 打起精神来， 振作精神
(2)spirit n. 灵魂
spirit作“妖怪， 幽灵”讲时是可数名词； 作“精神， 精神实质”讲时是不可数名词； 作“情绪”讲时多用复数。
①The army was in good spirits despite the uncomfortable conditions.
尽管处于不适的情况， 军队依然士气高昂。
②Finding her in__low__spirits,__they had persuaded her to join them for lunch.
他们发现她情绪低落， 便劝说她同他们一块儿吃午饭。
③He lost his spirits after the girl rejected his love.
姑娘拒绝他的求爱后，他垂头丧气。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)早上八点，我们在山脚下集合，情绪高昂地向山顶出发。
At 8：00 a．m., we gathered at the foot of the mountain, and set off for the top in__high__spirits．
(2)这种对生活的积极态度有助于振奋你的情绪。
Such a positive attitude towards life can be helpful in lifting__your__spirits．
appreciation n．感激， 感谢； 欣赏； 鉴定， 评价； 鉴赏力
(教材P19)Sang Lan knew that for many people the secret to happiness is to have appreciation for the good things in life, and to focus on goals.
桑兰知道， 对于很多人来说， 幸福的秘诀在于享受生活中美好的事物， 集中精力实现自己的目标。
(1)show/express one’s appreciation of
对……表示感谢
(2)appreciate v. 感激；欣赏；赏识
I would appreciate it if... 如果……，我会非常感激。
appreciate (one’s) doing sth.
感激(某人)做……
①We express our appreciation of the contributions you have made.
我们对你们所做的贡献表示感谢。
②I’d__appreciate__it__if you could do us a favour.
如果你帮助我们我会感激不尽。
adapt vt.&vi.(使)适应， (使)适合； 改写， 改编
(教材P19)And how has Sang Lan adapted to her new life?
那桑兰是如何适应她的新生活的呢？
(1)adapt to＝adjust to 适应/适合
adapt oneself to＝adjust oneself to
使自己适应
adapt from 根据……改编
be adapted from 由……改编， 修改
(2)adaptable adj. 能适应的； 有适应能力
的； 可改编的
(3)adaptation n. 适应； 改编本
①Moreover, by doing the part?time job I can get some precious experience so that I can better adapt to the development and changes of society.
此外，通过做兼职工作，我可以得到一些宝贵的经验，使我能够更好地适应社会的发展和变化。
②The play was__adapted__from a novel by a famous writer.
这部电视剧改编自一个著名作家的小说。
③I find it very difficult to adapt__myself__to the climate in the high mountains.
我觉得自己很难适应高山气候。
④He made a quick adaptation to the new environment.
他很快适应了新的环境。
短语adapt to 中的to 是介词，后面接名词、 代词或动名词作宾语。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
大学毕业后，我逐渐适应了独立生活。
After graduation from college, I gradually__adapted__myself__to__living__on__my__own．
advocate v．提倡， 主张
n．拥护者， 提倡者； 律师， 辩护者
(教材P19)However, her primary goal is to advocate better treatment for disabled people.
然而， 她的首要目标是倡导给予残疾人更好的待遇。
advocate doing sth. 提倡做某事
advocate that...(should) do sth.
提倡……
It is advocated that...should do...
有人主张/提倡……应该做……
①He advocated that we should not be opposed to each other and have a mild talk.
他主张我们不要相互对立，而是要进行温和的谈话。
②We advocate giving(give) up smoking in order to keep fit.
为了保持健康，我们提倡戒烟。
③It is advocated that smoking should__be__banned(ban) in the building.
有人提倡大楼内禁止吸烟。
unbearable adj.难以忍受的
(教材P19)I know I will think about how she rebuilt her life whenever my life feels unbearable.
我想， 以后每当我感到生活难以承受的时候， 我都会想一想桑兰是如何重建生活的。
bear vt. 忍受； 负担； 结(果实), 生(孩子)
n. 熊
can’t bear doing/＋n./to do sth. 无法忍受……
can’t bear sb./sb.’s doing sth. 无法忍受某人做某事
bear in mind that 记住； 考虑到
①This heat is quite unbearable to me.
这种热度令我难以忍受。
②I can’t bear young people casting(cast) away their youth. 我无法忍受年轻人虚度青春。
③I couldn’t bear to listen/listening any longer, so I left the room. 我实在听不下去了， 便离开了房间。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)然而，一个计划不实际付诸于实施是无用的。
However, a plan can bear__no__fruit without being actually carried out.
(2)妈妈经常提醒我要记住“失败乃成功之母”。
My mother often reminds me to bear__in__mind__that__“Failure__is__the__mother__of__success”．
go after 追逐， 追捕； 追求， 试图赢得；谋求
(教材P21)Some people advocate going after pleasure in order to find happiness.
为了寻找幸福，有些人提倡追求享乐。
go about 开始做， 着手干
go through 经历； 遭受； 审查
go ahead 前进； 请说吧； 去做吧
go against 背叛； 违背； 违反； 不利于
go in for 爱好， 酷爱； 从事； 参加
go by 走过(某处); 时间过去； 流逝
go out 外出； (火， 灯)熄灭
go over 越过； 复习； 仔细检查
①They both went after the same job.
他们俩在争取同一份工作。
②They wanted me to go__in__for film work.
他们要我从事电影工作。
[巧学活用]——用go的相关短语填空
(1)She doesn’t go__in__for team games; she likes single ones.
(2)To get a better grade, you should go__over the notes again before the test.
(3)He will not go__against his parents’ wishes.
(教材P18)Well, in case some of our viewers don’t know her story, can you tell us a little bit about Sang Lan and who she is? 嗯， 以防我们有些观众还不知道桑兰的故事， 您能为我们简单介绍一下桑兰吗？
本句为一个复合句， 句中in case引导的是一个目的状语从句， can you tell us a little bit about Sang Lan and who she is为主句部分。in case 的主要用法有以下三种：
(1)用作从属连词， 引导条件状语从句， 其意为“如果， 万一”。
(2)用作从属连词， 引导目的状语从句， 其意为“以防， 免得”。
(3)起副词作用时， 在句中充当状语， 常位于句末， 其意为“以防万一”。
case构成的常用词组有：
in any case 无论如何； 总之
in that case 如果那样的话
in no case 决不
as is often the case 这是常有的事
in case of 如果； 万一(后跟名词或动
名词)
in the case of... 就……来说， 至于
①Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move in case she injured her neck.
劳瑞告诉她，火已经被扑灭了，不要动，以防伤着脖子。
②Enough space should be given to the kids; in that case, they will get more life experiences. 应该给予孩子足够的空间， 那样的话孩子会得到更多的生活经历。
③She was absent from class, as is often the case.
她没有来上课， 这是常有的事。
④I guess we’ve already talked about this before, but I’ll ask you again just in case.
我想我们早已就此谈论过， 不过以防万一我会再次问你。
Unless we have enough evidence, we can’t win the case.(n.案件)
[基础练习]——用case的相关短语填空
(1)You’d better take an umbrella in__case__of the rain.
(2)Mr.Chen is very strict.Anybody should in__no__case be allowed to be late for his class.
(3)It is said that we’ll have to do extra work on Sunday.In__that__case,__we can’t go to a movie.
[能力提升]——句式升级
(4)You’d better take an umbrella in__case__it__rains．[用in case改写练习(1)]
(5)Mr.Chen is very strict.In__no__case__should__anybody__be__allowed to be late for his class.[用倒装句改写练习(2)]
(6)It’s said that we’ll have to do extra work on Sunday, in__which__case we can’t go to a movie.[用定语从句改写练习(3)]
(教材P18)By the time she competed in the gymnastics tournament at the New York Goodwill Games, she had been a junior gymnast for eleven years.
到参加纽约友好运动会的体操锦标赛时， 桑兰已经是一名有着十一年经验的体操小将了。
by the time引导时间状语从句， 要注意主句的时态：
(1)by the time＋一般过去时， 主句一般用过去完成时。
(2)by the time＋一般现在时， 主句一般用现在完成时或将来完成时。
①By the time I got to the station the train had already gone. 在我到达车站的时候， 车已经开走了。
②By the time you receive this letter, I will__have__left(leave) the country.
在你收到这封信的时候， 我将已经离开这个国家了。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)杰克从英国回到家时， 他的儿子已经大学毕业了。
By the time Jack returned home from England, his son had__graduated__from__college．
(2)等史密斯先生到达超市时， 我们将已经在那里待了一个小时了。
By the time Mr.Smith arrives at the supermarket, we__will__have__stayed__there for one hour.
(教材P19)In 1998, a small accident during one of her practice vaults at the Goodwill Games could have cost her her future happiness.
1998年在友好运动会上进行跳马练习时出的一起小事故， 使原本属于她的未来的幸福化为泡影。
“could have done”表示“过去本能做但是并没有做”， 是虚拟语气的一种表达形式。英语中对过去情况的虚拟， 多可以用情态动词加have done来完成， 主要有以下几种：
should/ought to have done 本应该做而没做
needn’t have done 本不需要做但却做了
might have done 本可能做了(事实上没做)
must have done 过去一定做了
①He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.
他本能够通过考试， 但是他太粗心了。
②I could__have__walked(walk) home, but I took a taxi.
我本可以走回家的， 可是我叫了出租车。
③Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could__have__expressed__ (express) it differently.
杰里不后悔给出评论， 但是觉得自己本来可以用不同的方式来表达的。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)直到那时他才意识到，他本该在大学里好好学习的。
Only then did he realize that he__should__have__studied__harder at college.
(2)昨天晚上一定下过雨， 因为地上很湿。
It must__have__rained last night, for the ground is very wet.
品句填词
1．The terrible smell in the workshop is (无法忍受的). How can the workers work there？
答案：unbearable
2．This would cause great hardship and (痛苦).
答案：suffering
3．He likes to be (围住) himself with amusing people.
答案：surrounded
4．Environmentalists launched a campaign， (提倡) a low?carbon life， which definitely helped save our earth.
答案：advocating
5．As he grew older， his (鉴赏力) of art grew.
答案：appreciation
6．Plans have been put forward to pull down and (重建) the area.
答案：rebuild
7．Having fun (意味着) eating， drinking and dressing up.
答案：means
8．Women have (斗争)for their rights and equality.
答案：struggled
9．My sister has been in Beijing for three years.However， she thinks she will never (适应) to the fast pace of life there.
答案：adapt
10．I’m sure she will achieve (令人钦佩的) achievements in the future.
答案：admirable
单句改错
1．Surround by a dozen of children， grand?children and great?grand children， the woman happily celebrated her 90th birthday.
答案：Surround→Surrounded
2．I didn’t mean eating anything， but those apples looked so delicious that I couldn’t resist trying one.
答案：eating→to eat
3．I found an old man fell into a pool， but quickly he struggled on his feet.
答案：on→to
4．I would appreciate if you take my suggestion into consideration.
答案：appreciate后加it
5．When you go to a new country， you must adapt you to new manners and customs.
答案：第三个you改为yourself
完成句子
1．到退休时， 他将工作满35年。
， he will have worked for 35 years.
答案：By the time he retires
2．Jack 十岁时已成为一位著名的小提琴手。
By the time Jack was ten years old， he a famous violinist.
答案：had become
3．谢谢你上周的辛劳， 我想， 如果没有你， 我们是不可能完成这项工作的。
Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don’t think we it without you.
答案：could have managed
4．把电话号码写下来以免忘了。
Write the telephone number down Ｗ.
答案：in case you forget
5．他不应该迷路。我(当时)给他画了张图。
He Ｗ.I drew him a map.
答案：couldn’t have missed the way
课文语法填空
To some people， happiness means 1. (surround) by family and friends but to others， happiness means 2. (achieve) success in something， while to those who struggle with a physical 3. (disable)， happiness can simply mean a day without 4. (suffer).We often use the example of the gymnast Sang Lan to show 5. people can find happiness through reaching much smaller goals even during times 6. a personal catastrophe.Sang Lan was a junior gymnast， 7. best event was the vault.8. she had an accident and was badly 9. (injure)， she has adapted to her new life.Her courage is admirable.From Sang Lan’s story we can conclude that if we want to be in good spirits， we 10. (have) appreciation for the good things in life.
答案：1.being surrounded 2.achieving 3.disability
4．suffering 5.how 6.of 7.whose 8.Although
9．injured 10.should have
A卷
单句语法填空
1．I meant (help) you with your homework but father didn’t permit me to.
答案：to have helped
2．I would appreciate if you call back this afternoon for the doctor’s appointment.
答案：it
3．We should be (thank) everyday for our wellbeing.
答案：thankful
4．If (train)， you can have a better appreciation of music.
答案：trained
5．Though the task was difficult， they managed (accomplish) it in time.
答案：to accomplish
6．His wound caused him great (suffer).
答案：suffering
7．Could you look after my baby (temporary) when I go and fetch some money？
答案：temporarily
8．It helps children to develop an (appreciate) of poetry and literature.
答案：appreciation
9．The movie (begin) by the time we got there.
答案：had begun
10．Beaten down on the ground， he struggled his feet and held up his head， staring at his enemy.
答案：to
阅读理解
How to Make the Most of Your Time
Time management is important in our daily life.There never seems to be enough hours in the day to accomplish all you need to do.Here are some tips that might be of some help to you.
Set up a plan.Go through a week at a time， and prioritize the things you want to accomplish.Focus mostly on the things that are important to you.
Control your stress.No matter what kind of pressure mounts on you， try to keep cool.Stressing out can lead to an early breakdown， which is definitely counterproductive when you have a list of things to do.It’s easier to take a 10?minute break and cool off than work all week with stress.
Shut your door.When working under a schedule， perform your important tasks with your door shut to get them done.This will ensure the time of a higher quality to get what needs to be done.
Focus on one thing at a time.Forget trying to multitask！ You will lose concentration， and it will take you longer to accomplish what you set out to do.
Just say“no”.If you are constantly interrupted， and you really don’t have the time to help out， just say“no”.You’re only one person， and you can’t save the world by yourself！
Stop wasting time on the phone.While talking on the phone， keep your conversations short and to the point， and you’ll waste much less time.
Be realistic.You can only do what you can do.Don’t set out to accomplish the impossible.Do your best， but keep realistic expectations of yourself.
Relax.The most important thing is to remember to take time to relax， and regroup.You need a break every now and then to keep working efficiently.Even if it’s a 10?minute walk， get away from your list and get refreshed.
As people today get busier and busier， it’s important for your own mental health to keep things on track.Don’t delay； get your life in order now.
【解题导语】 时间都去哪了？人们常常感叹时间太有限、过得太快，还没干些什么，就已经花了不少时间。那么如何才能充分利用有限的时间做尽可能多的事情呢？读了这篇文章，你就会有所收获。
1．What does the underlined word “prioritize” in Paragraph 2 mean？
A.Choose something by thinking carefully.
B.Recognize the difference between things.
C.Put many things in order of importance.
D.Get rid of something that is unwanted.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段可知，我们每次应安排一周的工作计划，把自己想完成的事情按重要性排列出来，把大部分注意力集中在重要的事情上。prioritize意为“按重要性排列；划分优先顺序”。
2．We should avoid stressing out because Ｗ.
A.it may cause us to fail to work normally
B.it may limit the speed to get things done
C.we don’t have energy to keep working
D.we are supposed to have a break while working
A 解析：细节理解题。文章第三段中的“Stressing out can lead to an early breakdown...”表明，压力过大可导致身体垮掉，使我们不能够正常地工作。
3．Which statement would the author agree to？
A.Try to multitask， and we can get more done.
B.It is impolite to refuse to help others at work.
C.Having breaks regularly may delay our tasks.
D.It is wise to be aware of what we can achieve.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据文中第七点建议的内容可知，我们应该现实一点，尽力做好力所能及的事情，故D项切题。由第四点、第五点和第八点建议可知A、B、C三项是作者所不赞成的。
4．By writing the text， the author would like to .
A.ask readers to share their time management skills
B.offer some advice on how to make full use of time
C.invite readers to discuss how to improve life quality
D.persuade readers to spend less time on daily routine
B 解析：文章意图题。根据文章的内容，特别是第一段和最后一段可判断，作者写这篇文章的目的是为读者提出如何高效利用时间的建议。
完形填空
Do people make campfires anymore？ I suppose they do but building campfires is 1 to protect the environment in many places now. However， I’m a campfire girl at heart. Even though I 2 use camp stoves in the mountains， I still 3 a small flame to warm my hands， to dry damp socks and to stare into on nights darkened by the distance from a city’s glow.
It all began with a 4 in a park in New York City. When I was a(n) 5 skirt?wearing five?year?old， my family 6 in New York for a summer. My father and I would go out early to walk the dog.
One morning， as my father threw sticks for the dog， I started 7 sticks of my own. Always ready to play and teach， my dad showed me how to 8 a campfire. He took my sticks and helped me 9 many different twigs(小树枝). He started with a tepee shape(圆锥帐篷形)， 10 placing sticks on top of the others. He warned me not to pack the sticks too tightly together， so the air could 11 and feed the fire. While I worked on the “A” structure of tepee and others， the sounds of the city died away.
Several years later， at summer camp， we had a(n) 12 ： who could make a campfire the fastest？ My lessons in the park in New York City were 13 Ｗ. I used the “A” structure and blew gently， giving the flame 14 air to grow and light the larger sticks.
When I grew up， I still took special 15 in building campfires. Then I would get it 16 ， making a small fire to 17 Ｗ. Dad and I ate lots of 18 over our fires—potatoes and just?caught fish.
The thickly leafed trees of the park gave way to pines， but the kinship(血缘关系) I experienced with my dad remained the 19 Ｗ. I was his campfire girl， sharing his love of the outdoors and his skill with a(n) 20 Ｗ. We were building something to warm us then and now.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者对营火的热爱，因为这是联系她和爸爸的纽带。
1．A.welcomed B.banned
C.warned D.reported
B 解析：根据本段中的but及to protect the environment in many places now可知，营火在很多地方是被“禁止(banned)”的。
2．A.dutifully B.occasionally
C.secretly D.curiously
A 解析：根据本段中的However， I’m a campfire girl at heart.及use camp stoves in the mountains可知，作者内心热爱着营火，即使她在山里会“顺从地(dutifully)”使用露营炉，但她还是“喜欢(love)”营火。
3．A.need B.love
C.choose D.permit
B 解析：参见上题解析。
4．A.picnic B.party
C.show D.walk
D 解析：根据本段中My father and I would go out early to walk the dog.及第三段中的One morning， as my father threw sticks for the dog可知，作者在一次“散步(walk)”时与营火结缘。
5．A.honest B.strong
C.little D.energetic
C 解析：根据空后的five?year?old可知，作者当时还很“年幼(little)”。
6．A.explored B.lived
C.performed D.hid
B 解析：根据空后的for a summer及My father and I would go out early to walk the dog.可知，作者和家人夏天“住(lived)”在纽约。
7．A.running after B.checking with
C.handing over D.picking up
D 解析：根据空前的as my father threw sticks for the dog可知，作者开始“捡拾(picking up)”小木棍。
8．A.build B.find
C.use D.design
A 解析：根据空前的Always ready to play and teach可知，作者的爸爸开始教她怎么“搭建(build)”营火堆。
9．A.replace B.borrow
C.collect D.count
C 解析：根据该段中的many different twigs(小树枝)及placing sticks on top of the others可知，作者的爸爸帮助她一起“收集(collect)”了很多不同的小树枝，然后开始搭一个圆锥形的营火锥，他“仔细地(carefully)”把一些小棍子搭在另一些的上面。6
10．A.strictly B.correctly
C.carefully D.nervously
C 解析：参见上题解析。
11．A.flow B.go
C.rise D.remain
A 解析：根据本段中的He warned me not to pack the sticks too tightly together及feed the fire可知，作者的爸爸告诉她不要把木棍搭得太紧密，这样空气才可以“流动(flow)”。
12．A.task B.interview
C.celebration D.competition
D 解析：根据空后的who could make a campfire the fastest可知，在几年后的一次夏令营活动中，作者参加了一场生营火的“比赛(competition)”。
13．A.hard B.helpful
C.interesting D.expensive
B 解析：根据上文对作者学习生营火的描述及空后的I used the “A” structure可知，那次学习非常“有用(helpful)”。
14．A.no B.only
C.any D.enough
D 解析：根据本段中的blew gently...air to grow and light the larger sticks可知，作者轻轻吹气，让“足够的(enough)”空气助燃。
15．A.pleasure B.practice
C.pride D.part
A 解析：根据本段中的When I grew up， I still...in building campfires可知，作者长大后，她仍然“喜欢(pleasure)”生营火。
16．A.breaking B.exploding
C.moving D.burning
D 解析：根据空后的making a small fire可知，作者会让营火“燃起(burning)”。
17．A.light B.observe
C.cook D.share
C 解析：根据本段中的potatoes and just?caught fish可知，作者会生营火“做饭(cook)”，而且她和爸爸吃过很多次这种“饭(meals)”。
18．A.meals B.fruits
C.meat D.bread
A 解析：参见上题解析。
19．A.first B.best
C.same D.biggest
C 解析：根据空前的The thickly leafed trees of the park gave way to pines， but可知，尽管公园里的茂叶树木变成了松柏，可作者和爸爸的血缘关系却没有改变，故选same(同样的)。
20．A.experiment B.fire
C.trip D.holiday
B 解析：根据文中描述作者对营火的热爱以及讲述爸爸教作者生营火的故事可知，作者也跟她的爸爸一样热爱户外活动，也学会了爸爸生“火(fire)”的技巧。
B卷
阅读理解
A
There are three reasons why I don’t think that we are ready for cloning human beings.
Firstly， we don’t know exactly what the consequences of cloning would be.For example， if scientists cloned a man， they might know what he would look like， but they wouldn’t know his dominant traits.What would happen if scientists cloned another Hitler or others like him？ Do you really think we would survive if this became a reality？
Secondly， cloning raises many ethical questions.Look back at the cloned man I presented and ask yourself these questions：“Do you really think that he would be a man？”“Who would be responsible for him？”“Do you think he should have the same rights as we have？” I don’t think that we can answer these questions now.
Lastly， we don’t know exactly what the meaning of life is.In my opinion， creating life is the duty of nature， and we must not interfere with that task because we can’t understand the extremely complicated relationships among lives that are defined by nature.Usually these relationships are extremely complex.Sometimes， they seem to be so untouchable that they cannot be changed.From my point of view， we have to look at the natural environment around us.We can see that an ecosystem(生态系统) is composed of a lot of different kinds of life， and each life has its own function within the system.If we interfere with that， I think it could lead to our extinction.
Even though cloning may have a lot of benefits for humans， I think we should stop cloning because we do not understand it and can’t control all of its effects.Maybe in future， we will be ready to do it， but that time has not yet arrived.
1．According to the author， we are not ready for cloning human beings because Ｗ.
A.two or more people would have the same appearance
B.scientists wouldn’t be sure about the personalities of the cloned people
C.people may not function properly if there are more cloned human beings
D.cloning has not been permitted by the government
B 解析：细节理解题。从第二段中的we don’t know exactly what the consequences of cloning would be和下面的解释可知人们不愿克隆人的第一个原因是因为没办法确定克隆人的性格特征。
2．According to the author， ethical questions refer to Ｗ.
A.the rights and responsibilities of the cloned man
B.the relationships among people
C.whether a person’s personality is good or not
D.the education and academic qualifications of a person
A 解析：细节理解题。第二个原因是道德伦理上的，作者通过三个问句把第二个不愿克隆人的原因总结出来。
3．According to the passage， what’s the author’s attitude towards cloning？
A.Positive. B.Critical.
C.Indifferent. D.Ironic.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，作者并不赞成克隆，对此持批评态度。
4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？
A.To Clone or Not
B.Why should We Stop Cloning？
C.A Scientific Research on Cloning
D.The Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloning
B 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，全文主要从三个方面讲述了我们为什么不要克隆，所以选择B项。
B
In terms of cultural attractions， world?class restaurants and unusual entertainments， London is a city without compare. To help you on your way to discovering all that London has to offer， here’s our pick of some of the best things to do in the capital.
Travel back in time at Dennis Severs’ House，Spitalfields
Located in the city，Dennis Severs’ 18th?century townhouse is an unexpected connection to the past.Visitors wander through the decades as they walk in 10 authentically(真实地) Georgian and Victorian rooms. Its last residents were a family of Huguenot silk weaves. Here you can have a unique way to experience London’s past.
Join in an art tour at the National Gallery，Trafalgar Square
We are lucky enough to get free access to many of the world’s best museums and galleries(画廊) in London. The National Gallery’s free hour?long tours are a case in point. Led by a gallery expert，they give visitors a detailed introduction to a small selection of the 2，000?plus paintings on display.
Visit Westminster Cathedral bell tower， Victoria
Not to be confused with Westminster Abbey，Westminster Cathedral is an often ignored attraction and it is more attractive. The unique Byzantine?style building’s 83?metre bell tower can be climbed.Here you can have a valuable chance to enjoy the beautiful views of the city.
Take afternoon tea at the Chesterfield Hotel，Mayfair
Among shopping stops， city tours and museum visits， afternoon tea in London offers not just another necessary tourist experience but a welcome rest from the busy pace of the capital. Almost every London hotel offers its own afternoon tea on this great experience， but ten of London’s best afternoon teas have provided something to cover all tastes.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了一些伦敦的最佳旅游景点。
5．Which word can best describe Dennis Severs’ House？
A.Strange. B.Expensive.
C.Historic. D.Empty.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段Dennis Severs’18th?century townhouse is an unexpected connection to the past...to experience London’s past.可推断，Dennis Severs’ House很有历史价值。
6．If you want to have a free visit， you can choose Ｗ.
A.Dennis Severs’ House
B.The National Gallery
C.Westminster Cathedral
D.The Chesterfield Hotel
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段We are lucky enough to get free access to...The National Gallery’s free hour?long tours are a case in point.可知，在The National Gallery可享有免费参观的机会。
7．From the last paragraph， we can know that afternoon tea Ｗ.
A.is very common in London hotels
B.is famous for ten best tastes
C.is a custom for people in Europe
D.is a must for shopping experiences
A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段Almost every London hotel offers its own afternoon tea on this great experience可知，下午茶在伦敦酒店里很普遍。
七选五
I don’ t think I need to tell you that reading is good for you—great for you.1. Sometimes，people do want to read—they’ve got a book at home sitting on the shelf that they fancy—but can never seem to find the time. Well， my friends， this post is for you.
·2.
Obviously， to get yourself motivated to read， read something that interests you. Society， animals， philosophy， science， art—whatever you want. If you’re drawn to the book， you’ll be more willing to pick it up and read it.
·Have a goal.
Some people set radical(激进的) goals for themselves like reading one book a week. Obviously， you don’t have to be as radical as that. 3. It’s all up to you. But setting a goal and trying to reach it gives you a focus that’ll help you get the job done.
·4.
If you’re determined， use every possible moment. On the bus. On the subway. On your lunch break. When you’re at the gym. You won’t regret it， I promise！
·Just start.
Sometimes the thing preventing us from reading is our own mind. Our mind will make up all kinds of excuses not to do something. Not get out of bed. Not clean the house. Not shower. And in this case， not read. The trick to bypassing(避开) this mental block is to just pick up the book and read！ 5. Once you start reading， it’s quite difficult to stop！
A.Reading is a pleasure.
B.Have a reading partner.
C.Read whenever you can.
D.Unfortunately， most people don’t read.
E.Don’t pour too much thought into the action.Just do it.
F.When you set a goal， letting yourself down isn’t really a big deal.
G.You can start by reading a book a month， or a book every two months even.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四条让你每天多些阅读时间的小窍门。
1．D 解析：由下文有的人想读书却不找时间读可知，虽然读书好处很多，但大多数人并不读书。
2．A 解析：由下文的read something that interests you和If you’re drawn to the book，you’ll be more willing to pick it up and read it.可知，读书应该是一种乐趣。
3．G 解析：由本段小标题Have a goal.和下文的It’s all up to you.可知，设定一个读书目标，用一个月读完一本书还是两个月读完，由你自己决定。
4．C 解析：C项的Read whenever you can.与下文的use every possible moment相呼应。
5．E 解析：E项中的Just do it.与本段小标题Just start.和下文的Once you start reading，it’s quite difficult to stop！相呼应。
短文改错
One day， my friend and I were returned to our classroom after lunch. A boy blocked our way and asked shy whether we could lend her some money for lunch. Without hesitation， we gave him our change. After he walked away， we realized that some kid didn’t have lunch money. So we decided to collecting some for them. The next day we told our teacher our plan and she agrees. The next two weeks we both did much work. We expected for $200. But finally we got $938！ We gave $800 to eight kids but the rest to the boy who had given us inspiration. We were delight that our small action made difference.
答案：
One day， my friend and I were to our classroom after lunch. A boy blocked our way and asked whether we could lend some money for lunch. Without hesitation， we gave him our change. After he walked away， we realized that some didn’t have lunch money. So we decided to some for them. The next day we told our teacher our plan and she . The next two weeks we both did much work. We expected $200. But finally we got $938！ We gave $800 to eight kids the rest to the boy who had given us inspiration. We were that our small action made difference.
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(共63张PPT)
Unit 2 What is happiness to you？
Section Ⅱ Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language Points
本部分内容讲解结束
按ESC键退出全屏播放
要点透析·讲练互动
名师解疑·精讲精练
Section Ⅲ Word power, Task & Project
1. accompany vt. 陪伴， 陪同； 伴随； 为……伴奏
2. procedure n. 步骤， 程序
3. obey vt.& vi. 服从， 听从， 顺从
4. outstanding adj. 优秀的， 杰出的， 出色的
5. allocate vt. 分配
6. quit vt.& vi. 停止； 放弃； 离开
7. automatic adj. 自动的
8. hardship n. 艰难， 困苦
9. handy adj. 易使用的； 便利的
10. instant adj. 即食的， 方便的； 立刻的
11. mature adj. 成熟的
vi. 成熟； 使充分发展
12. motivation n. 动力， 动机
13．instructor n．教练； 导师→instruct v．教；命令；指导→instruction n．指令；教学；说明→instructive adj.教育性的；有启发的；有益的
14．directly adv.径直地； 直接地 →direct adj.直接的；笔直的v.对准；指挥；命令 →direction n．方向；指导；用法说明
15．talent n．天资， 天赋； 天才→talented adj.有才能的；有天赋的
16．uncertain adj.无把握的， 不确定的→certain adj.确定的；肯定的；某事；某人；某种 →certainly adv.当然；一定
17．golden adj.美好的； 金色的； 金的→gold adj.金色的；金制的n.金币；金黄色；金牌；金子
18．entertainment n．娱乐活动； 娱乐； 招待，款待→entertain v．娱乐；使有兴趣；招待
19．predict vt.预言， 预告，预报→prediction n．预言；预报→predictive adj.预言的；预兆的；预测的
20．assist vt.帮助， 协助→assistant n．助手，助理→assistance n．援助；帮助
1. on__one’s__own 独自， 单独； 独立地
2. head__for 朝……方向(地方)行进， 前往
3. at__that__point 在那时； 在那个阶段
4. in__a__rush 匆忙地， 急切地
5. be__concerned__about 担心……
6. to__one’s__relief 使某人感到轻松的是
7. feel__caught__between 感到左右为难
8. look__back__on 回顾
9. be__tired__of 厌倦……
10. lost__in__thought 陷入沉思
1．时间状语从句和宾语从句
They make me feel like I’m__a__bad__son__when__I__don’t__obey__them and focus on what__they__think__is__best__for__me．
当我不遵从他们， 不做他们认为对我最好的事情时， 他们使我感到我是个坏孩子。
2．让步状语从句和条件状语从句
Whichever__way__I__look__at__it,__I’ll never be really good at anything unless__I__quit__doing__everything__else．
无论从哪个方面看， 我都不能真正擅长于任何事， 除非我放弃做其他所有的一切。
3．when引导的时间状语从句和现在分词短语作后置定语
We have to work so hard at school, and when__we__try__to__take__time__to__relax,__there is always someone telling__us__things we should be doing or learning.
上学时我们必须努力学习， 而当我们试图想抽空放松一下时， 总有人告诉我们应该做这个、应该学那个。
Read the two texts in P30－P31 carefully and choose the best answer.
1．In the first author’s opinion, what’s his happiest time in his life?
A．The college days in the countryside in England.
B．The school days in the countryside in England.
C．The time when he is old.
D．When he is in good health.
2．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT what a child can do?
A．Going to school or spending a few hours studying when he or she comes home.
B．Going to see friends or visiting his or her grandparents at the weekends.
C．Thinking about how to take care of the family.
D．Spending all day playing outside and talking about interesting things with friends.
3．What will the life in the future be like?
A．People may be sad because they have more work to do.
B．People may have less time enjoying each other’s company.
C．People may do less housework with the help of handy robots and computers.
D．People may have to do part?time jobs to make more money.
4．What is the second author likely to be according to the passage?
A．A worker. B．A student.
C．A teacher. D．A doctor.
答案：1－4.BCCB
Golden① days
It is nice to look back on② my school days in the countryside in England③.I had all my friends around me and the encouragement④ and guidance⑤ of my family.My whole life was still ahead of⑥ me.At that point⑦ in my life, I could have done⑧ anything or become anyone.I think those golden days at school were the happiest of my life.
I remember sometimes feeling⑨ in a rush⑩ to grow up and be independent? , but I was still very happy.I didn’t have any worries in life.I could spend all day outside, playing in the sunshine with my friends?， and we always had interesting things to talk about.At home, my parents took care of everything important.All I had to do was go to school and spend a few hours studying? when I came home.At the weekends?， for entertainment? I could see friends, visit my grandparents, read books or play sport.As an innocent? child, I didn’t need to think about hardships? such as problems at work, or worry about income or how to take care of a family.All I had to do was enjoy my adolescence?.
①golden['ɡ??ld?n]adj.美好的；金色的；金的
②look back on回首(往事)，回忆
③it是形式主语，后面的不定式短语作真正的主语。
④encouragement n．鼓励
⑤guidance n．指导，引导 under the guidance of在……的指导下
⑥ahead of...在……的前面
⑦at that point在那时；在那个阶段
⑧could have done原本可以做实际上未做
⑨remember doing sth.记得做过某事
remember to do sth.记得去做某事
⑩rush[r??]n.匆忙 in a rush匆忙地，急切地
?independent adj.独立的 dependent adj.依靠的
?现在分词短语作伴随状语。
?如果主语是all或是what引导的从句，且后面的从句或短语中有实义动词do时，作表语的不定式一般不用to。
?at the weekends在周末 (美) on the weekends在周末
?entertainment[?ent?'teInm?nt]n.娱乐活动；娱乐；招待，款待
?innocent adj.天真无邪的
?hardship['hɑ?d?Ip]n.艰难，困苦
?adolescence n．青春期
enjoy my...是省略to的动词不定式，作表语。
黄金岁月
回想我在英格兰乡村上学的日子是一件愉快的事。那时候，我所有的朋友都在身边，还有家人的鼓励和指导。我的整个生活还在前面等着我。在人生的那个阶段，我能做任何事或成为任何人。我觉得上学的那些黄金岁月是我一生中最幸福的时光。
我记得，有时候感觉到有一种恨不得一下子就长大并独立的冲动，但是我仍然很快乐。我生活中没有任何烦恼。我可以把整天时间都花在外面，和自己的朋友在太阳底下玩耍，我们总是有谈不完的趣事。在家里，我的父母承担所有的大事。我要做的事就是上学，以及回家后再学习几个小时。到了周末，为寻找乐趣，我可以去看朋友、拜访我的祖父母、读书或者参加体育活动。作为一个天真的孩子，我不必思考各种困难，例如工作上的各种问题，也没有必要为收入担忧，或者担心如何照顾家庭。我要做的一切就是享受我的青春时光。
Young people should never forget that good health is an important part of happiness.It is hard to stay? happy and cheerful when you are ill, or when you are old and your body aches?.When I was young, I could run many kilometres and I would not feel tired.I felt like I could do anything.Now I am getting old—it is easy for me to get tired, and I must be careful not to hurt myself.I wish I could still play sport because that made me very happy.
I’ve had a wonderful life and I’m proud when I think about my achievements.I have been happy about different things at different times during my life, but my most vividand happiest memories are those of school days, so I think that was the happiest time in my life.
?stay此处用作连系动词，意为“保持原状，维持”，如stay healthy，stay cheerful，stay the same。
?ache[eIk]vi.&n.疼痛
feel tired感到疲劳
feel like觉得，体会到
hurt v．伤害
wish后的宾语从句用了虚拟语气。表示与现在的情况相反，从句用一般过去时。
achievement n．[U]成就；[C]成功的事情
vivid['vIvId]adj.清晰的，生动的，鲜明的
年轻人要切记，健康的身体是幸福的重要组成部分。当你生了病或年纪大了、身体疼痛的时候，你就很难感到幸福开心了。年轻的时候，我可以跑上好几千米也不觉得累。我觉得自己什么都能做。如今，我上了年纪，很容易感到疲倦，我还必须小心翼翼，以免自己受伤。我希望我仍然能进行体育运动，因为那样使我快乐。
我的生活到目前为止很精彩，想到自己所取得的成就我感到骄傲。在我的人生中，不同阶段我所做的不同的事情都令我开心，但我印象最鲜明、记忆中最幸福的时光还是求学的那些日子，所以我觉得那是我一生中最幸福的时光。
My future happiness
When I imagine my future，I see myself successful in my job and surrounded by my family.I predict①there will be new technology which will allow people to live longer②and be healthier.This is why I think my happiest days will be in the future③.
The technology of the future will allow me and my family to be healthy, and never worry about illness.No one will be sad because humans will have learnt to fix many of the problems that affect④us now, like war, pollution and hunger⑤.People will be able to communicate⑥better.Technology will guarantee⑦good health and happiness for all.I imagine that the workday⑧will be only four hours long, and everyone can have part?time⑨ jobs that are very interesting.We will have handy⑩robots and computers to assist?us with the things that are boring.This will simplify?our lives.Maybe there will even be automatic?kitchens to cook instant?meals for us.Then families will be able to spend the maximum?amount of their precious time enjoying each other’s company?and the minimum?amount of time doing housework.
①predict[prI'dIkt]vt.预言，预告，预报
②allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事
allow doing sth.允许做某事
③in the future 在将来
why I think...是why 引导的表语从句。
④affect vt.影响
⑤hunger n．[U]饥饿
⑥communicate vi.& vt.交流，沟通；传达
⑦guarantee vt.保证 guarantee to do sth.保证做某事
⑧workday['w??kdeI]n.工作日
⑨part?time[?pɑ?t'taIm]adj.&adv.部分时间的(地)；兼职的(地)
⑩handy['h?ndI]adj.易使用的；便利的
?assist[?'sIst]vt.帮助，协助
assist sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事
?simplify vt.使单一化、简单化
?automatic[???t?'m?tIk]adj.自动的
?instant['Inst?nt]adj.即食的，方便的；立刻的
?maximum['m?ksIm?m]adj.最多的，最大的 n．最大值，最大极限
?company n．陪伴
?minimum['mInIm?m]adj.最少的，最小的 n．最小值，最小极限
我未来的幸福
想象自己的未来时，我看到的是自己工作成功、家人围绕身边的情景。我预料将会有可以让人更加长寿、更加健康的新技术。这也是我认为我最幸福的日子是在将来的原因。
未来的技术会让我和我的家人身体健康，以后不再为生病烦恼。没有人会感到忧伤，因为人类将学会解决目前还影响着我们的许多问题，如战争、环境污染和饥荒。人们彼此之间将会更好地沟通。科技将保证所有的人都能健康和幸福。我想象着，在未来每天只需要工作4个小时，而且每个人都可以拥有有趣的兼职工作。至于那些枯燥无味的事情，将有便利的机器人和电脑来帮助我们处理。这会简化我们的生活。甚至说不定还有自动厨房来给我们烹煮食物。这样，每个家庭就可以最大限度地将其宝贵的时间用于享受家人的陪伴，而花最少的时间来做家务。
I will also be happy because I will be an adult?then.It’s hard to focus on?being happy?when you are a teenager！ We have to work so hard at school, and when we try to take time to relax， there is always someone telling us things we should be doing or learning.In the future, I will be more matureand be able to make my own decisionsand do the things that I enjoy.I will have a secure job that I like and I will find happiness in being successful at it.
It is nice to think that my happiest days are still ahead of me.Thinking this waygives me the motivationto work hard now so that I can enjoy my future life.
?adult n．成年人
?focus on 把注意力集中于
?it 为形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。
teenager n．十几岁的青少年
take＋时间＋to do sth.花费时间做某事。
现在分词短语作定语，修饰 someone，其中we should...
是省略了关系代词 that/which 的定语从句，修饰 things。
mature[m?'t???(r)]adj.成熟的 vi.成熟；使充分发展
make decisions 做出决定
secure adj.安全的，可靠的
动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
motivation[?m??tI'veI?n]n.动力，动机
the motivation to do sth.做某事的动机，不定式作定语。
so that 引导目的状语从句，相当于 in order that。
我感到幸福还因为到那时我已是成年人了。青少年时期，你很难专注于幸福！上学时我们必须努力学习，而当我们试图想抽空放松一下时，总有人告诉我们应该做这个、应该学那个。到了将来，我会更加成熟，能够自己做决定，做自己喜欢做的事情。我会有一份自己喜欢的稳定工作，我会因为工作成功而找到幸福。
想想自己最幸福的日子还在前头，这种感觉真的很好。这样一想，为了享受以后的生活，我现在就有了刻苦学习的动力。
accompany vt.陪伴； 陪同； 伴随； 为……伴奏
(教材P25)She was accompanied by an experienced ski instructor and she learnt very quickly.
她由一位有经验的滑雪教练陪同， 学得很快。
(1)accompany sb.to 陪同某人到……
be accompanied by 由……陪伴；由……伴奏
accompany sb.at/on... 用……为某人伴奏
(2)company n. 陪伴； 陪同； 公司， 商行
keep sb.company＝accompany sb.
陪伴某人
(3)companion n. 同伴； 伙伴
①She asked me to accompany her to the airport.
她要求我陪她到机场去。
②The singer was accompanied on the piano by her sister.这位女歌手由她姐姐钢琴伴奏。
③Children, when accompanied__by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
孩子们在父母的陪同下才被允许进入该体育馆。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
在敬老院我们为老人做了许多事情，打扫房间、洗衣服、陪伴他们，这使他们非常高兴。
(1)We did a lot for the elderly at the nursing home，cleaning their rooms，washing clothes for them and accompanying__them，which made them very happy.
(2)We did a lot for the elderly at the nursing home，cleaning their rooms，washing clothes for them and keeping__them__company，so it made them very happy.
arrange vt.安排， 准备； 整理， 布置； 改编(乐曲等) vi.协商； 做准备； 做安排
(教材P26)He thinks that I need to arrange to spend even more time working on my basketball skills.
他认为我应该安排更多的时间练习我的篮球技能。
(1)arrange sth.for sb. 为某人安排……
arrange to do sth. 安排做某事
arrange for sb.to do sth. 安排某人做某事
(2)arrangement n. 安排； 筹划； 准备
make arrangements for 安排好
①I’ll first let them know of your intention.And then I’ll arrange for(＝make arrangements for) you to meet each of them separately.
我将先把您的意图告诉他们，而后将安排您和他们分别会晤。
②Whatever she says will not make any difference to our arrangements(arrange)．
无论她说什么都不会对我们的安排有影响。
“安排某人做某事”应使用arrange for sb.to do sth.结构；不能用arrange sb.to do sth.结构。如：我已安排他去参加会议。
I’ve arranged him to attend the meeting.(×)
I’ve arranged for him to attend the meeting.(√)
[基础练习]——单句改错
(1)Most curious of all，the police haven’t arranged anyone to look into the matter for half a month.arranged__后加for
(2)Parents arrange everything to their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.第一个to改为for
[能力提升]——完成句子
(3)我站在月台上，等着老板派来接我的人。
I stood at the platform waiting for the man for__whom__the__boss__(had)__arranged to meet me.(定语从句)
quit vi.& vt.停止； 放弃； 离开
(教材P26)Whichever way I look at it, I’ll never be really good at anything unless I quit doing everything else.
无论从哪个方面看， 我都不能真正的擅长于任何事， 除非我放弃做其他所有的一切。
quit sth. 停止/戒掉某事
quit doing sth. 停止做某事
quit office/one’s job 离职
be quit of... 摆脱……
①He quit when he realized he could not win.
他认识到他不能取胜就放弃了。
②He quit smoking (smoke) and drinking (drink) in his early life. 他早年戒了烟酒。
③I gave him money to be quit of him.
我给了他钱为的是要摆脱他。
quit的过去式和过去分词是quit/quit, 也可以是quitted/quitted, 前者是美国用法， 后者是英国用法。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)很显然，没有坚强的意志和决心没有人能轻易地戒掉烟。
It is obvious that no__one__can__quit__smoking with ease without strong will and determination.
(2)我很高兴摆脱了这项不适合我的工作。
I’m glad to__be__quit__of that unsuitable job.
look back on 回顾
(教材P30)It is nice to look back on my school days in the countryside in England.
回想我在英格兰乡村上学的日子是一件愉快的事。
look away from 把目光从……移开
look out (for) 当心； 注意
look up to sb. 尊敬某人
look down on/upon 俯视； 轻视， 看不起
①I like to look back on my high?school days, which were the happiest in my life.
我喜欢回顾我的中学时代，那是我一生中最快乐的时光。
②We must not look__down__on/upon anyone who hasn’t had a college education.
我们一定不要瞧不起没有受过大学教育的人。
③I’ve always looked__up__to Bill for his courage and determination. 我一直很敬重比尔，他既勇敢又果断。
④If you want to protect your eyesight，it is important to look__away__from the screen.
如果你想保护你的视力，远离荧屏是很重要的。
at that point 在那时， 在那个阶段
(教材P30)At that point in my life, I could have done anything or become anyone.
在人生的那个阶段， 我能做任何事或成为任何人。
(1)on/at the point of 就要做……； 将近
point of view 观点
come straight to the point 开门见山
be on the point of doing sth. 正要做某事， 就在这时
There is no point in doing... 做……是没有用处的
(2)point at 指向， 把……对准
point out 指出
point to 指向
①It is really a bitter pill to swallow at that point.
在当时， 那真是一件不得不忍受的苦事。
②You may agree with this point__of__view．If so, it is time for you to think again. 你可能同意这种观点， 若如此的话， 你就应该重新思考一下。
③As we are familiar with each other, let’s come__straight__to__the__point．
既然我们彼此很熟， 咱们就开门见山吧。
④There is no point in __arguing(argue) any further.
讨论这件事是没有意义的。
⑤Experts point__out that fruit juices can be harmful to children’s teeth.
专家指出果汁可能会损害儿童的牙齿。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
在我们的日常生活中，我们对某件事情会有自己的不同于他人的观点。
In our daily life, we will__have__our__own__point__of__view about something, which is different from others.
in a rush 匆忙地， 急切地
(教材P30)I remember sometimes feeling in a rush to grow up and be independent, but I was still very happy.
我记得， 有时候感觉到有一种恨不得一下子就长大并独立的冲动， 但是我仍然很快乐。
(1)rush into 冲进
rush out of 冲出
(2)rush hour 高峰时间
①John finished writing in a rush.
约翰急急忙忙地写完了。
②He rushed into the station building and came back with a signal light.
他冲进车站大楼，拿回来了一个信号灯。
③The professor had just finished his speech when students rushed__out__of the classroom.
教授刚结束了演讲， 学生们就冲出了教室。
assist v．帮助； 协助
(教材P31)We will have handy robots and computers to assist us with the things that are boring.
至于那些枯燥无味的事情， 将有便利的机器人和电脑来帮助我们处理。
(1)assist sb.with sth. 协助某人某事
assist sb.in doing sth. 帮助/协助某人做某事
assist sb.to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
(2)assistance n. 帮助； 援助
come to sb.’s assistance 来帮助某人
with the assistance of sb. 在某人的帮助下
(3)assistant n. 助手
①The young man assists the manager with many of his duties every day.
这个年轻人每天帮助经理处理很多事务。
②The students assisted__the__professor__in__doing the experiment.
学生们协助教授做实验。
③The course will assist adults to__return(return) to the labor market.
这个辅导班将帮助成人重返劳动市场。
④Besides, I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant(assist) to my English teacher. 另外， 我的英语掌握的非常好以至于我当选为英语老师的助手。
⑤I’m sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept assistance (assist) from.
我确信，他最不愿意接受我的帮助。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
这个男孩的老师帮助了他，最后他实现了梦想。
(1)The boy was__assisted__by__his__teacher and he achieved his dream at last.(assist)
(2)Assisted__by__his__teacher，the boy achieved his dream at last.(过去分词作状语)
(3)With__the__assistance__of__his__teacher，the boy achieved his dream at last.(assistance)
instant n．立即； 瞬间 adj.立即的； 即时的
(教材P31)Maybe there will even be automatic kitchens to cook instant meals for us.
甚至说不定还有自动厨房来给我们烹煮食物。
(1)in an instant＝ instantly 立刻； 马上；弹指之间
for an instant 一瞬间
(2)
①I shall be back in an instant. 我马上就回来。
②The instant/The moment I saw him, I knew he was the very man the police are looking for.
我一看到他就认出他正是警方在寻找的那个人。
③Please tell me instantly/directly/immediately/as__soon__as he arrives.
他一到就请告诉我。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
刚到达剧院， 他就发现把朋友给他的票忘在家里了。
(1)On__arriving__at the theatre, he found the ticket a friend gave him was left at home.(on/upon＋v.?ing)
(2)The__instant/The__moment__he__arrived__at the theatre, he found the ticket a friend gave him was left at home.(the instant/moment)
(3)Instantly/Immediately/Directly__he__arrived__at the theatre, he found the ticket a friend gave him was left at home.(instantly/immediately/directly)
(4)Hardly/Scarcely__had__he__arrived__at the theatre when he found the ticket a friend gave him was left at home.(hardly/scarcely...when...)
(教材P22)I have received letters from so many people, all expressing their concern. 我从许多人那里收到来信， 所有的信都表达了他们的关心。
句中all expressing their concern为“逻辑主语＋现在分词”的独立主格结构。独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在。该结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。常见的独立主格结构：
名词/代词＋
①The meeting over, we all went home.
会议结束了，我们都回家了。
②The new teacher came in, a smile on her face(＝with a smile on her face)． 新老师面带微笑走了进来。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
(1) Everything arranged(arrange), the manager left for England to attend an important business meeting.
(2)Weather permitting(permit), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.
(3)The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200，000 silver pennies, all of which over 600 years old.which→them
[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)He was listening attentively in class and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard.
(4)(高级表达)He was listening attentively in class, his__eyes__fixed__on__the__blackboard．(独立主格)
(5)(高级表达)He was listening attentively in class, with__his__eyes__fixed__on__the__blackboard．(with复合结构)
(教材P25)She fell on the ground while she was skiing downhill... 正当她向山下滑去时， 突然摔倒在地上……
(1)本句中fell是一般过去时， 而ski用的是过去进行时， 表示当……时正在发生的动作。
(2)如果主句谓语和从句谓语都发生在过去， 动作时间长的用过去进行时， 表达谈话背景； 动作时间短的用一般过去时， 表达新的信息。
①My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我哥哥骑自行车时摔了下来， 受了伤。
②The reporter said that the UFO was__traveling(travel) from east to west when he saw it.
记者说， 当他看到时， 飞碟正由东向西飞行。
(教材P30)All I had to do was go to school and spend a few hours studying when I came home.
我要做的事就是上学， 以及回家后再学习几个小时。
省略to的不定式短语go to school and spend...在句中作表语。 当不定式在系动词后作表语时， 如果主语部分带有实义动词do(包括do的任何形式), 可以省去不定式符号to; 否则， 保留不定式符号to。
①What I hope to do now is go home and have a good rest.现在我想要做的就是回家好好休息。
②Li Hua didn’t do anything but stay (stay) at home watching TV for 3 hours last Sunday.
上个星期天李华什么也没有做， 只是待在家里看了三个小时的电视。
③He has no choice but to__go(go) to the party.
他别无选择， 只能去参加晚会。
(教材P30)I wish I could still play sport because that made me very happy.
我希望我仍然能进行体育运动， 因为那样使我快乐。
句中I wish ＋that?clause... 意为“但愿……”。该句式中wish后跟that引导的宾语从句，表示某种强烈而又难以实现的愿望，所以从句中要用虚拟语气。
(1)表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句中用过去式(be 常用were)。
(2)表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句中用过去完成时。
(3)表示与将来事实相反的愿望，从句中常用“would/could＋动词原形”。
①I wish (that) I had wings and could fly to my hometown.
我希望我有双翅膀而且能够飞到我的故乡。
②I wish (that) you had gone to the wonderful concert with us last night.
我真希望昨天晚上你跟我们一起去听这场精彩的音乐会。
wish后可接双宾语，也可接复合宾语，跟动词时，要跟不定式形式。
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空/单句改错
(1) Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I danced (dance) as well as her.
(2)I wish that I will have a better chance to learn in the future.will→would/could/might
品句填词
1．I want to get a new passport but I don’t know the (程序).
答案：procedure
2．Soldiers are expected to (服从) their orders without questions.
答案：obey
3．It is virtually impossible to (预测) the future accurately.
答案：predict
4．So (有才能的) was Beethoven that he composed lots of wonderful music in his lifetime.
答案：talented
5．The English teacher suggested that he (should) (分配) more time for listening to the BBC.
答案：allocate
6．The president hopes that the people will be better off when he (辞职) than when he started.
答案：quits
7．We’ve got into trouble and we all hope that someone will come to our (帮助).
答案：assistance
8．I hurried to the scene in an (立即).
答案：instant
单句改错
1．I’ll arrange a car to pick you up at the railway station.
答案：arrange后加for
2．They found the farmer’s house under the assistance of a boy.
答案：under→with
3．In instant， he took off his coat and jumped into the water.
答案：instant前加an
4．In my opinion， there is no point to getting upset about it.
答案：to→in
5．The disadvantage is that rush hour， you may get stuck in traffic.
答案：rush前加at
完成句子
1．刚才我做的就是和他一起讨论如何解决这个问题。
What I did just now was him how to solve the problem.
答案：discuss with
2．会议结束后， 每个人都想早点回家。
The meeting ， everyone wanted to go home earlier.
答案：over
3．天气许可的话， 明天我们去爬花果山。
Weather ， we’ll go climbing Mount Hua Guo.
答案：permitting
4．当台风袭击这个城市时， 许多市民正走在回家的路上。
Many citizens on the way home when the typhoon the city.
答案：were walking；hit
5．我多么希望昨天晚上去参加那个晚会啊！
How I wish I the party last night！
答案：had gone to
课文语篇改错
It’s nice to look back in the golden days， the school days.At that point in lives， you could have done something or become anyone.You may remember sometimes feel in the rush to grow up and be independent.For entertainment at weekends， you could see friends， visited your grandparents， read books or play sport.You didn’t need think about hardships such that problems at work， or worry about income or how to take care of a family.And remember to study hard so that you can feel proud of and have a wonderful life after you have made many achievements.
答案：
It’s nice to look back the golden days， the school days.At that point in ， you could have done or become anyone.You may remember sometimes in rush to grow up and be independent.For entertainment at weekends， you could see friends， your grandparents， read books or play sport.You didn’t need think about hardships such problems at work， or worry about income or how to take care of a family. remember to study hard so that you can feel proud and have a wonderful life after you have made many achievements.
A卷
单句语法填空
1．Wait a moment， and I’ll be with you an instant.
答案：in
2．In this letter， I would like to convey my sincere appreciation to you for your (assist).
答案：assistance
3．Would you please make (arrange) for a dinner party of ten persons？
答案：arrangements
4．I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice instant I picked up the phone.
答案：the
5．Three years later， it was obvious that he became too weak and had to take a doctor’s suggestion and quitted (surf) the Internet.
答案：surfing
6．We believe that this concept will be accompanied our customers together with the development and growth.
答案：by
7．With many major economic problems remaining to be solved， there is no point (predict) the growth rate of this year now.
答案：predicting
8．The (instantly) she stepped onto the stage， all the audience stood up， applauding.
答案：instant
9．The reason why the programme is designed is that the designer wants to (entertainment) the audience.
答案：entertain
10．The room was flooded with warm and (gold) sunlight.
答案：golden
阅读理解
A
Meeting people from another culture can be difficult.From the beginning， people may send the wrong signal.Or they may pay no attention to signals from another person who is trying to develop a relationship.
Different cultures emphasize the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree.For example， business in some countries is not possible until there is a relationship of trust.Even with people at work， it is necessary to spend a lot of time in “small talk”，usually over a glass of tea，before they do any job.In many European countries，like the UK or France，people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or cafe rather than at the office.
Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures.I once made a speech in Thailand.I had expected my speech to be a success and start a lively discussion；instead there was an uncomfortable silence.The people present just stared at me and smiled.After getting to know their ways better， I realized that they thought I was talking too much.In my own culture，we express meaning mainly through words，but people there sometimes feel too many words are unnecessary.
Even within Northern Europe， cultural differences can cause serious problems.Certainly，English and German cultures share similar values； however， Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly.We think that they are rude.In fact，this is just because one culture starts discussions and makes decisions more quickly.
People from different parts of the world have different values， and sometimes these values are quite against each other.However，if we can understand them better，a multicultural environment will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other.
【解题导语】 文章讲述的是不同国家之间不同的文化差异。
1．People who have a “small talk” expect to Ｗ.
A.know business affairs
B.make some new friends
C.develop closer relationships
D.find a better business partner
C 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后两句可知，人们通过small talk主要是拉近关系、增进感情，特别是和生意伙伴之间。故选C。
2．According to the text， the people in Thailand Ｗ.
A.dislike lively discussions
B.are very rude to foreigners
C.like keeping silent at any time
D.are good at talking with foreigners
A 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段可知，在泰国，人们并不喜欢夸夸其谈，更喜欢简洁明了和安静。故选A。
3．Germans start business more quickly than Englishmen probably because of Ｗ.
A.their different values
B.their special characters
C.their unique cultures
D.their cultural problems
C 解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Certainly，English and German cultures share similar values； however， Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly.We think that they are rude.In fact， this is just because one culture starts discussions and makes decisions more quickly.”可知，德国人更喜欢快速地、高效地进行工作和做生意，这是他们的文化特点。故选C。
4．What can be the best title for the text？
A.Multicultural Environment
B.Cross?Cultural Differences
C.How to Understand Each Other
D.How to Build Up a Relationship
B 解析：标题归纳题。文章讲述的是不同国家之间存在的不同的文化差异，进而促成了各自不同的处理问题的方式。故选B。
B
My relationship with my dad had been not good for a while—right around the time I started noticing he was drinking too much. Then my parents got divorced(离婚).When he was drunk， instead of taking care of me， I had to take care of him.Although there were some bad moments， he was a good father.
Seven years ago， my dad told me that he had joined an AA?meeting(戒酒会). Once he had told me， he asked if I wanted to go along with him to it. It had never occurred to me that he needed someone’s support.
I didn’t know much about AA. I’d only seen scenes in films， in which people sit together in a circle and tell their stories. I was also aware of some bad comments surrounding the organization. Some say it’s overly religious and that there’s no science behind the treatment. But I’d never had any direct experience with it. Curious about it， I accepted his invitation.
As it turned out， I was the only family member there. Everyone got the chance to speak； while all stories were unique， they carried some common themes： a thirst for what you know you can’t have， the struggle following a relapse (复发)， guilt， shame and sadness. I clearly remember having the lump in my throat after hearing everyone’s most private stories， including my dad’s. I felt so many emotions at once—happiness， pride， love， hope and gratefulness.
My dad is about to celebrate 15 years of being sober (清醒的). These days， he also acts as a volunteer for other members. We’re both so much better off than when he was at his worst. AA isn’t for everyone， and it certainly isn’t the only way to sobriety， but in our case， I like to focus on the fact that without my dad getting help that way，he might still have been a stranger to me.
【解题导语】 本文记叙了作者和父亲一起参加一次戒酒会的经历。
5．What can we learn from the first paragraph？
A.The author didn’t love her father.
B.The author didn’t want to take care of her father.
C.The author’s father didn’t quit drinking until divorce.
D.The author’s father’s drinking problem did harm to his family.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的right around the time I started noticing he was drinking too much.Then my parents got divorced(离婚)...可知，作者父亲的酗酒问题伤害了他的家庭。
6．Why did the author’s father ask her to go to the AA?meeting with him？
A.He needed support from her.
B.He wanted to get better treatment.
C.He felt nervous being with other people.
D.He wanted to tell stories to her.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的Once he had told...It had never occurred to me that he needed someone’s support.可知，父亲希望和作者一起去戒酒会是希望得到作者的支持。
7．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 mean？
A.Feeling proud.
B.Feeling touched.
C.Losing my patience.
D.Making some comments.
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段划线部分下文I felt so many emotions at once—happiness，pride，love，hope and gratefulness.可知，听了这些故事作者十分感动。
8．What does the last paragraph imply？
A.It is helpful to share stories with others.
B.It took the author’s father 15 years to quit drinking.
C.The author advises people to seek help from an
AA?meeting.
D.The AA?meeting helped improve the author’s relationship with her father.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段We’re both so much better off...I like to focus on the fact that without my dad getting help that way，he might still have been a stranger to me.可推断，戒酒会对父女俩产生了积极影响，使他们的关系得到了改善。
语法填空
Are you a teenager 1. (absorb) in music？If so， I will give you a warning—the music you love could end up making you deaf.More 2. (specific)，the way you listen to the music you love could make you deaf.
The problem is headphones.In the past，we played music out into the air.Then earmuff?style(耳罩式) headphones 3. (invent) and we were able to play music much closer to our ears.Now we have earbuds(耳塞)，which many doctors think are 4. (bad)than older headphones because they play music directly into the ears.Also，earbuds are not as good as blocking outside noise，so people 5. use them may turn the volume 6. to dangerous levels.
What’s the dangerous level？Well，it 7. (depend) on how long you are going to listen to the noise.Very，very loud sounds can be dangerous to your hearing.But scary 8. (true) is that even seemingly “normal” noise can be dangerous 9. you listen to it all the time.
Think for a minute about how long you spend 10. (listen) to loud noise with headphones every day.Then do some research.There are resources online to tell you what volumes are safe，and for how long.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了要注意听音乐的方式，戴耳机听音乐时开很大的音量可能会对听力造成损害。
1．absorbed 解析：考查形容词。be absorbed in...意为“被……吸引住”，符合语境，故填absorbed。
2．specifically 解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处是用副词修饰整个句子。
3．were invented 解析：考查动词时态和语态。分析句意可知，headphones与invent之间是被动关系，因此需用被动语态；且此处表示过去发生的动作，故用一般过去时。
4．worse 解析：考查形容词比较级。根据空后的“than older headphones”可以判断，此处要用形容词的比较级。故填worse。
5．who/that 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处为定语从句的关系词，在从句中作主语，且先行词为people，故用who/that。
6．up 解析：考查介词。turn up为固定搭配，意为“开大，调高(音量、热量等)”。
7．depends 解析：考查主谓一致。此处叙述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，且此处主语为it，故填depends。
8．truth 解析：考查名词。空前的scary是形容词，并修饰空处，故填truth。
9．if/when 解析：考查连词。根据句意可知，空处引导状语从句，既可表条件也可表时间，故用if/when。
10．listening 解析：考查固定搭配。spend time doing sth.表示“花时间做某事”，故用listening。
B卷
阅读理解
Each year， the United Nations invites people and nations around the world， to hear and respond to the call to create a peaceful world. The International Day of Peace was established by the UN General Assembly as a day devoted to strengthening the ideals of peace and specifically the absence of war and violence. Celebrated in 1982 for the first time， it was welcomed by many nations， political groups， military groups， and people.
To create a specific time each year， to stress the efforts of the UN and its member states as well as the whole human race and to give positive evidence of their commitment to peace in all possible ways， the United Nations member states adopted the 17 sustainable(可持续的) development goals. Because they understood that it would not be possible to build a peaceful world if steps were not taken to achieve economic and social development， and ensure that people’s rights were protected. The sustainable goals cover a broad range of issues， including poverty， hunger， health and social justice.
Then how can people take part in creating a just and peaceful society？ The first and most important thing is to pray and reflect on the meaning of peace and ways to be involved. Each one has something to do to make peace a reality in our time. Gather in small groups and get involved in some activities. Also， various groups can come together and share ideas and plans and design life so that no one is excluded(排除) from it. Also， create communities where people can live in harmony.
People anywhere can celebrate the International Day of Peace. It can be as simple as lighting a peace candle， getting involved in praying， working with children and families to create peaceful ways of living. This is the work of a lifetime. People ought to take this opportunity to bring peace to our relationships， our nation and our world. No effort is too small to make a difference.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要向我们介绍了世界和平日的相关情况。
1．According to Paragraph 1， the International Day of Peace aims to Ｗ.
A.remind people not to forget the history
B.encourage peace and fight against violence
C.deal with illegal acts throughout society
D.show the great strength of the public
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的...as a day devoted to strengthening the ideals of peace and specifically the absence of war and violence.可知，世界和平日旨在鼓励和平、反对暴力。
2．Why were 17 sustainable development goals adopted according to Paragraph 2？
A.They make our environment cleaner.
B.They are necessary for achieving peace.
C.They cover a broad range of issues of our society.
D.They help people understand the meaning of peace.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的Because they understood that...economic and social development可知，经济和社会等方面的可持续发展是实现和平的必要条件。
3．How can people be involved in creating a peaceful society？
A.Share plans and design new life.
B.Build a community of their own.
C.Try to work with their relatives.
D.Gather in small groups at all times.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的Also， various groups can...is excluded(排除) from it.可知，人们可以通过相互分享愿望以及展望新生活来参与到创建和平社会的活动中去。
4．What does the author intend to tell us in the last paragraph？
A.Creating peace is a simple thing.
B.Working with relatives may achieve peace.
C.It is idealistic for us to create a peaceful world.
D.Everyone should contribute to the realization of peace.
D 解析：写作意图题。根据最后一段的最后两句话可知，作者认为我们每个人都应该为实现和平贡献自己的力量。
完形填空
I feel like I am always either at school， sports practice or a game， so I have to find different ways to do little acts of 1 .
My good friend and co?worker has a mom dealing with cancer who is 2 with her during treatment.I decided to 3 this mom—whom I’ve never met—a 4 card to thank her for raising such a wonderful person.I 5 her how her daughter is such a good listener， someone with whom I can 6 my troubles， and someone who makes me 7 Ｗ.
I was a little 8 about it afterwards and wondered 9 my friend would think it strange.
Tonight while sitting at basketball practice I received a 10 from my friend.She wanted to tell me that the card I sent her mom was one of the most beautiful things she had ever 11 and how lucky she was to 12 me in her life！
The text lit up my whole day.I was 13 I went with my gut feeling(直觉) and sent the card.What was the worst that could happen？ Mom and daughter could have a good laugh at my craziness， 14 so what？ They could use some laughter right now.They could have talked about how 15 I was， but even then they’d be 16 the card I sent.
I got 17 and they enjoyed sharing the kind words.
I sent it because I thought how 18 it would be one day to have someone send me a card telling me how happy they were to have one of my 19 in their lives and what a great job I had done 20 my child！
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者给朋友的母亲寄了一张贺卡，温暖了别人的同时也温暖了自己。
1．A.kindness B.craziness
C.creation D.bravery
A 解析： 由下文作者向她朋友的母亲寄贺卡的行为可知，作者在找不同的方式做一些“善(kindness)”事。
2．A.working B.arguing
C.living D.discussing
C 解析： 由下文语境可知，此处是说作者的朋友与她的母亲“住(living)”在一起。
3．A.send B.pay
C.leave D.bring
A 解析： 由下文the card I sent可知，作者决定向素未谋面的朋友母亲“寄(send)”贺卡。
4．A.Happy Birthday B.Best Wish
C.Good Luck D.Thank You
D 解析： 由下文to thank her for raising such a wonderful person可知，作者寄的是一张“感谢(Thank You)”卡。
5．A.doubted B.told
C.guessed D.announced
B
6．A.forget B.share
C.avoid D.face
B
7．A.grow B.succeed
C.laugh D.cry
C 解析： 由上文thank及a wonderful person可知，作者“告诉(told)”她朋友的母亲她的女儿是个很好的倾听者，可以“分担(share)”作者的烦恼，并能让作者“发笑(laugh)”，感到快乐。
8．A.uneasy B.disappointed
C.happy D.angry
A
9．A.as B.until
C.unless D.if
D 解析： 作者给朋友的母亲寄贺卡后感到有些“不安(uneasy)”，想知道她的朋友“是否(if)”感到很奇怪。
10．A.call B.flower
C.card D.text
D 解析： 由下文The text lit up my whole day.可知，作者收到了朋友的“短信(text)”。
11．A.made B.expected
C.read D.written
C 解析： 作者给朋友母亲寄贺卡，所以这张贺卡是她朋友所“读过(read)”的最美好的东西之一。
12．A.help B.have
C.remember D.believe
B 解析： 由lucky可知，作者的朋友为“拥有(have)”作者这样一个朋友而感到很幸运。
13．A.tired B.worried
C.proud D.glad
D 解析： 朋友发来的短信让作者觉得很“高兴(glad)”仅凭直觉赠送了贺卡。
14．A.but B.or
C.for D.and
A 解析： 上文Mom and daughter could have a good laugh at my craziness与下文so what为转折关系，故用but。
15．A.terrible B.honest
C.clever D.strange
D 解析： 由上文my friend would think it strange可知。
16．A.setting aside B.packing up
C.talking about D.throwing away
C 解析： 由上文talked about可知。
17．A.excited B.lucky
C.curious D.shocked
B 解析： 由下文的they enjoyed sharing the kind words可知作者很“幸运(lucky)”，事情没有发展到最坏的结果，而是相反。
18．A.pleasant B.surprising
C.difficult D.unfortunate
A 解析： 作者寄贺卡是因为她觉得有朝一日自己收到同样的贺卡时会是很“高兴的(pleasant)”。
19．A.friends B.children
C.workers D.classmates
B 解析： 由下文的my child可知。
20．A.teaching B.blaming
C.raising D.respecting
C 解析： 由上文的for raising such a wonderful person可知。
短文改错
Far before the summer vacation began， I had been thinking about what to do it since I didn’t have to go school for a couple of months. During the holiday， I finished my homeworks quite early. Then I thought it would be a good idea to finding a job to do for the rest of the boring holiday. I clearly remembered it was the first time I’d ever had the job. I spent a month in an office， main keying information into the company’s database. Every day I just did the same thing but I try my best to love the work or continue. Although I found the job not interested and didn’t earn many， I still learned a lot from it.
答案：
Far before the summer vacation began， I had been thinking about what to do since I didn’t have to go school for a couple of months. During the holiday， I finished my quite early. Then I thought it would be a good idea to a job to do for the rest of the boring holiday. I clearly remembered it was the first time I’d ever had job. I spent a month in an office， keying information into the company’s database. Every day I just did the same thing but I my best to love the work continue. Although I found the job not and didn’t earn ， I still learned a lot from it.
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1
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Unit 2 What is happiness to you？
Section Ⅲ Word power, Task & Project
本部分内容讲解结束
按ESC键退出全屏播放
自学导引·语篇理解
自主探究·巩固新知
教材助读·解疑清障
读懂课文·破解难疑
要点透析·讲练互动
名师解疑·精讲精练
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
非谓语动词(二)
一、 不定式作状语
1．表示目的。 有(not) to do, in order (not) to do, only(not) to do, so/such as (not) to do等结构。
He got up early so as not to be late.
他起床很早， 以免迟到。
2．表示结果。 现在分词作结果状语， 常常表示是意料之中的； 而不定式则表示意料之外的。
He hurried to the stop only to find the train had left.(意料之外的)
他匆匆地到车站， 却发现火车已经离开了。
He hurried to the station catching the first train.(意料之中的) 他匆匆地到车站赶上了第一班火车。
对接高考
①George returned after the war, only ____________(tell)that his wife had left him.
战后乔治回到了家， 结果被告知说他妻子已离他而去。
to be told 解析： only to do表示意想不到的结果。
3．不定式放在形容词后面作状语。 此类的形容词有easy, hard, difficult, luck, happy等。
This machine is very easy to operate.
这台机器很容易操作。
不定式放在形容词后面是主动表示被动。
对接高考
②The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy ____________(watch)anything that happened to be on.
那位老人每天晚上坐在电视前， 高兴地看播放的任何节目。
to watch 解析： be happy to do sth.意为“乐意做某事”。
二、 分词作状语
1．分词的基本形式：
现在分词 一般式 doing 与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系， 与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生， 或基本同时发生
完成式 having done 与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系， 先于谓语动词的动作发生
进行被动式 being done 与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系， 且与谓语动词的动作同时发生， 一般作原因状语置于句首
完成被动式 having been done 与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系， 且先于谓语动词的动作发生
否定式 not＋(现在)分词的各种形式
过去分词 及物动词的过去分词done, 既表示被动， 又表示完成； 个别的过去分词(多数是不及物动词)并不表示被动的意思而有完成的含义
I have spent all day looking for you.
我花了一整天找你。
Don’t sit there doing nothing.
别什么也不干坐在那里。
Not having finished his work, he could not leave the office.
由于工作没干完他不能离开办公室。
对接高考
③____________(spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.
作为交换生在香港过了一年， Linda表现得比她的同龄人更为成熟。
Having spent 解析：动词spend与主句主语Linda构成逻辑上的主动关系， 所以使用现在分词在句中作状语。 而spend the past year这个动作是在主句谓语appears more mature之前就发生的， 所以使用现在分词的完成式。
2．分词或分词短语作状语时， 可以表示时间、 原因、 让步、 条件、 方式、 结果或伴随状况。
(1)表时间
Turning around, she saw an ambulance driving up.
她转过身， 看见一辆救护车开了过来。
(2)表原因
Not knowing her address, I wasn’t able to contact her.
由于不知道她的地址， 我没法和她联系。
(3)表让步
Although living miles away, he still attended the course.
虽然住在几英里以外， 他仍去上课。
(4)表条件
Taken in time, the medicine will be quite effective.
及时吃， 这药会很有效的。
(5)表方式
He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠开卡车谋生。
(6)表结果
It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country.
大雨滂沱， 造成了那个国家洪水泛滥。
(7)表伴随
I offered them something to eat, thinking they might be hungry. 我给了他们一些东西吃， 心想他们可能会饿。
对接高考
④____________(order) over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.
这些书是一个星期以前订购的，现在随时都可能到货。
Ordered 解析：本空动词位于句首，不是祈使句，须用非谓语动词；order与books是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作状语表示被动或已发生。
3．现在分词(短语)强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时， 前面可带when, while, after, before, since 等从属连词。
While crossing the street, you must be careful.
＝While you cross the street, you must be careful.
当你穿过马路时， 一定要小心。
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．Mike wasn’t tall enough ____________(reach) the clock on the wall.
答案：to reach
2．I’m sorry ____________(trouble) you, but could you show me how to use the machine?
答案：to trouble
3．We are surprised ____________(hear) that our football team failed the match.
答案：to hear
4．The man doesn’t know what to do ____________(stop) his baby from crying.
答案：to stop
5．They have to stand there ____________(wait) for the bus every day.
答案：waiting
6．Miss Wu came in, ____________(follow) by two boys.
答案：followed
7. ____________(inspire) by Sang Lan’s story, the students decide to work harder at their lessons.
答案：Inspired
8．If ____________(give) more time, I will do it better.
答案：given
9．While ____________(learn) in school, you should obey the rules of the school.
答案：learning
10. ____________(make) our plan, we will put it into practice.
答案：Having made
语法与写作
1．I’m sorry ________________________________(听说你病了)．
答案：to hear that you are ill
2．He ran fast so as ________________________________(以便赶上第一班车)．
答案：to catch the first bus
3．He searched the room only ____________________(什么都没找到)．
答案：to find nothing
4. ____________________________________(从塔顶上看), the river looks like a snake.
答案：Seen from the top of the tower
5. ________________________(在找到旅馆之后), we looked for somewhere to have dinner.
答案：Having found a hotel
6. ________________________________(不知道如何到那里), he went to ask a policeman for help.
答案：Not knowing how to get there
7．Do you have a knife __________________________(切西瓜)．
答案：to cut the watermelon
8. ______________________________(对他所做的事情很满意), the teacher praised him in class.
答案：Satisfied with what he did
9．He ran very fast, ________________________________________(打破了我们学校的纪录)．
答案：breaking the record of our school
10. __________________________(已经失败了两次), he didn’t want to try again.
答案：Having failed twice
如何写正反观点类议论文
文体感知
正反观点类议论文针对一些社会热门话题或贴近生活的话题展开讨论，并表明自己的看法和观点。此类文章一般结构如下：
第一段：提出论点或一个问题。
第二段：主体。论点提出后，我们就要根据汉语提示部分提供的事实，摆出正反双方的论据进行分析、论证，使论点得到足够的支持。因此，描述正反双方时常用Some...however (while，but) some...；引入论据时常用表示递进关系的过渡词besides, also, even, what’s more, too, in addition 等，也用表示列举的firstly, secondly, thirdly, on the one hand, on the other hand 等。
第三段：结尾。对正反双方的观点及理由进行陈述后，在结尾部分我们就要得出结论并发表自己的观点。这部分常用的词语有： It is my opinion that..., in my opinion, in a word, as has been said, finally, therefore 等。
增分佳句
1．Different people hold different opinions.
2．Different people have different views on...
3．People have taken different attitudes towards...
4．People have different opinions on this problem.
5．It is often said that...
6．With regard to...，quite a few people argue that...，but other people think differently.
7．Some of them hold the opinion that...
8．However，each coin has two sides.
9．In my opinion，this point of view doesn’t hold water.
10．As far as I’m concerned，I believe that...
写作模板
Recently, we have had a discussion about 主题．Opinions are divided on it.
Those who are in favor of the idea think that 原因一．What’s more, 原因二 .Moreover，原因三．
However, those who are against the idea think 原因一．Besides, 原因二 .Finally，原因三．
Personally，个人观点 .Only in this way can we...
写作要求
克隆人这一话题在世界上引起了激烈的争论。请你根据以下提示，用英语写一篇题为“On Human Cloning”的短文。
赞同 ·是一个科学的突破 ·能制造出拯救生命的人体组织和器官 ·对无生育能力的人是一个喜讯
反对 ·克隆人是违背伦理的 ·无权用人类做实验 ·不应该干预自然 ·担心造成超人种
你的观点 ·应将重点放在对人类有益的动物和干细胞的研究上
要求：1.观点明确，理由充分；
2．不要逐句翻译；
3．词数：100左右(开头已经给出，不计入总词数)。
参考词汇：干扰interfere with 干细胞stem cells
On Human Cloning
Cloning is producing an exact copy of a plant or an animal using its cells.However, human cloning has caused much debate.
________________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________________
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审题谋篇
项目 结论
体裁 议论文
话题 克隆的利与弊
时态 主体部分用一般现在时
人称 第三人称和第一人称
词汇推敲
1．突破________________
答案：breakthrough
2．被用来做……________________
答案：be used to do
3．不道德的________________
答案：immoral
4．(问题)产生________________
答案：arise
5．集中精力于________________
答案：focus one’s efforts on
6．有利的，有益的________________
答案：beneficial
遣词造句
1．完成句子
①它能制造出有价值的人体组织和器官。这些人体组织和器官能用来拯救生命。
It __________________ valuable tissues and organs.The tissues and organs ______________ human lives.
②我们应该将注意力放在能应用于医学研究的动物克隆和干细胞上。
We should ____________________ cloning animals and stem cells that can be used in medical research.
③只有这样我们才能使之造福于人类。
We can ______________________ to mankind in this way.
答案：①can produce；can be used to save ②focus our efforts on ③make it beneficial
2．句式升级
④用定语从句升级①句
________________________________________________________________________
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⑤用不定式作定语升级②句
________________________________________________________________________
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⑥用only开头的倒装句升级③句
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：④It can produce valuable tissues and organs that can be used to save human lives.
⑤We should focus our efforts on cloning animals and stem cells to be used in medical research.
⑥Only in this way can we make it beneficial to mankind.
妙笔成篇
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One possible version：
On Human Cloning
Cloning__is__producing__an__exact__copy__of__a__plant__or__an__animal__using__its__cells.However,__human__cloning__has__caused__much__debate.
Some believe it is a wonderful scientific breakthrough.It can produce valuable tissues and organs that can be used to save human lives.It is good news for those who can’t have babies.However, others think cloning humans is totally immoral and against nature.We have no rights to experiment with humans.If we interfere with nature, many problems may arise.We are worried that we may produce a superhuman race that could replace us.
In my opinion, cloning is really a wonderful scientific breakthrough.We should focus our efforts on cloning animals and stem cells to be used in medical research.Only in this way can we make it beneficial to mankind.
A卷
单句语法填空
1． (adapt) from Jane Austin’s classic， the BBC production Pride and Prejudice is universally acknowledged as the best so far.
答案：Adapted
2. (expose) to strong heat and sunlight will damage our skin.
答案：Being exposed
3．It is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about， although about two thousand patients have taken it.
答案：what
4．It was (improve) the quality of life in the future that I took this training course， not just to make more money.
答案：to improve
5． (tell) many times， he still didn’t understand it.
答案：Having been told
6． (bite) by a flea， the baby kept on scratching， (make) the bites infected.
答案：Bitten；making
7．Though (warn) of danger， sightseers have been flocking to the most dangerous place.
答案：warned
8．He lifted a stone only (have) it dropped on his own feet.
答案：to have
9． (equip) himself with necessary knowledge and skills， the young man went to the job market with much confidence.
答案：Having equipped
10． (not read) all the required papers， he didn’t answer the questions fluently in class.
答案：Not having read
阅读理解
To son， Cecil，
Just a quick note before I start in earnest(认真地). When I write this， you are 8， still a little boy. In 2002， I was called to active duty in the Marine Corps in the war on terrorism(恐怖主义). On the 11th of September 2001 when America was attacked， I knew that I would eventually have to go and I was filled with a deep sense of sadness. That night as you and Keiko were asleep， I looked at your little faces and couldn’t help but fight the tears. I knew it would be hard for you because I had a similar experience. When I was a little boy aged 6， my dad， your Grandpa Cawley， was sent to Vietnam during the war there. I remember how much I missed him， too. But now unfortunately I have come to realize just how difficult it must have been for Grandpa to be away from his children for a year. Thinking about this， I wanted to put my thoughts and feelings down for you and your sister. I am so sorry that I had to leave for such a long time. There is no place I would rather be than with you and Keiko. You two are the lights of my life. I have known no greater joy than in the few years since you two were born. I hope to have many more years with you. If this doesn’t happen， then know that I love you more than words can express. If for some reason I don’t make it home， I will need you to take care of your little sister and your Mom. You will be the man of the Cawley family. Be good my son and God will watch over you as he has me. I will be waiting impatiently for the time when we can all be together again.
Yours，
Dad
【解题导语】 本文是一篇作为父亲的一位美国士兵临行前写给他儿子的一封信。信中充满了父亲对家人的爱。
1．The writer of the letter may be Ｗ.
A.an American policeman
B.an American soldier in the battle field
C.a soldier in the Vietnam War
D.a postman working far away from home
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第三句可知，写信人是海军陆战队的士兵。
2．Keiko is the of the writer.
A.wife B.son
C.daughter D.sister
C 解析：细节理解题。根据文中的“That night as you and Keiko were asleep”和“If for some reason I don’t...and your Mom.”可知，Keiko是作者的小女儿。
3．One of the experiences the writer and his son had in common is that Ｗ.
A.they both experienced the Vietnam War
B.their fathers had to leave them and fight abroad
C.they used to study in the same school
D.they were both eight when the fathers had to leave them
B 解析：推理判断题。作者在信中把自己为了战争不得不离开与当年作者的父亲为了对越战争也不得不离开家人相比较，这才意识到当年，作者的父亲对家人也是难舍难分。由此推断，作者的父亲和作者两人都不得不离开家人去国外参与军事行动。故选B。
4．We can infer that Ｗ.
A.the writer was a devoted son
B.the writer was a brave soldier
C.the writer realized he might die in the battle field
D.the writer’s wife was suffering from a terrible illness
C 解析：推理判断题。根据文中“If for some reason I don’t make it home， I will...your Mom.”可知，作者意识到他可能在战争中牺牲而不能回家。
完形填空
Life is to be lived.No excuses.No holding back.
A story about the violinist Fritz Kreisler tells how he once 1 a beautiful instrument he wanted to get.When he 2 raised the money for the violin， he returned to 3 it and learned that it had already been sold to a(n) 4 Ｗ.
He went to the new owner’s home in order to try to 5 him to sell the violin. 6 ， the collector said it was one of his valuable possessions and he could not let it go.Kreisler felt 7 and turned to leave， but then asked a favor，“May I play the instrument once more 8 it is put away？”
9 was given and the great musician began to play.The 10 sang out a quality of music which was so beautiful that the collector himself could only listen in 11 .“I have no 12 to keep that to myself，”he said after the musician finished.“The violin is yours， Mr Kreisler.Take it into the world， and let people 13 it.”
For you and I are excellent violins—our 14 is meant to be heard.
I want to live my 15 that way—to take it into the world and live it fully.I’d rather be 16 than die not having done whatever I could.
I’m not talking about 17 ourselves by doing too much.Happiness is never found in overmuch(过多) busyness(忙碌).But it is found in applying our lives to helping others.Say yes when asked for a hand. 18 to work for a charity organization.Spend an hour with a 19 relative.
In the end， I know that my happiness is not about what I can or cannot do.It is about how much I 20 to others.My life is meant to be lived.
【解题导语】 一把小提琴的美妙乐音应该被世人听到，同样，我们的生活也要过得有意义。帮助他人，我们会感到无比幸福。
1．A.found out B.gave up
C.took over D.came across
D 解析：根据下文可知，此处是说Fritz Kreisler偶然遇见了一把小提琴，想把它买下来。find out“查明”；give up“放弃”；take over“接管”；come across“偶然遇见”。
2．A.possibly B.recently
C.finally D.seriously
C 解析：根据上下文可知，Fritz Kreisler当时没有钱买那把小提琴，最后终于凑够了钱才回去买它。
3．A.show B.pick
C.buy D.play
C 解析：根据下文中的“it had already been sold”以及“try to him to sell the violin”可知，此处是说Fritz Kreisler去买那把小提琴。
4．A.collector B.musician
C.performer D.inventor
A 解析：根据下文中的“...the collector said it was one of his valuable possessions”可知，此处应选collector。
5．A.expect B.persuade
C.help D.force
B 解析：上文说Fritz Kreisler十分想买那把小提琴，下文中又有收藏家坚持不卖小提琴的细节，由此可知，此处是说Fritz Kreisler试着说服收藏家把小提琴卖给他。
6．A.Besides B.Otherwise
C.However D.Therefore
C 解析：Fritz Kreisler希望收藏家能把小提琴卖给他，而收藏家却说那把小提琴是他最宝贵的财富之一，前后句之间是转折关系，故选C项。
7．A.angry B.disappointed
C.helpless D.brave
B 解析：收藏家没有将小提琴卖给购琴心切的Fritz Kreisler，所以Fritz Kreisler应该会感到失落，所以应选disappointed。
8．A.so that B.unless
C.as if D.before
D 解析：根据上下文内容可知，Fritz Kreisler喜欢这把小提琴却又得不到它，所以请求在小提琴被收起来之前用这把小提琴演奏一次。
9．A.Permission B.Judgment
C.Award D.Money
A 解析：根据下文中的“the great musician began to play”可知，收藏家同意了他的请求，所以应选Permission。
10．A.owner B.radio
C.violin D.singer
C 解析：此处是说Fritz Kreisler用小提琴演奏出美妙的音乐。
11．A.pain B.amazement
C.secret D.sorrow
B 解析：根据上文中的“so beautiful that”以及下文中收藏家将小提琴送给Fritz Kreisler等细节可知，收藏家被小提琴美妙的乐音和Fritz Kreisler的精彩演奏震惊了，所以此处应选amazement。
12．A.right B.freedom
C.time D.interest
A 解析：根据下文中的“The violin is yours，Mr Kreisler.”可知，收藏家听完Fritz Kreisler的演奏之后认为他自己没有“权利(right)”继续拥有那把小提琴，所以把它送给了Fritz Kreisler。
13．A.discuss B.use
C.know D.hear
D 解析：根据上下文的内容可知，收藏家希望更多的人能“听到(hear)”小提琴的美妙乐音。下文中的“our is meant to be heard”也是提示。
14．A.story B.music
C.message D.voice
B 解析：上文说“For you and I are excellent violins”，所以此处应选music。
15．A.word B.instrument
C.life D.work
C 解析：作者在下文中谈到人生应该怎样度过才充实，所以此处应选life。后文中的“it is found in applying our lives to helping others”以及“My life is meant to be lived.”也是提示。
16．A.dressed up B.used up
C.beaten up D.woken up
B 解析：根据上文中的“live it fully”可知，作者希望自己的生活充实一些，宁可终日繁忙也不愿虚度年华。use up在此表示“使筋疲力尽”。
17．A.protecting B.controlling
C.amusing D.exhausting
D 解析：作者在此进一步解释了自己的观点，他所说的“充实地生活”并不是指做很多的事情把自己弄得疲惫不堪。exhaust“使疲惫不堪”。
18．A.Volunteer B.Struggle
C.Continue D.Wait
A 解析：根据上文中的“...applying our lives to helping others”以及下文中的“charity organization”可知，此处是指做志愿者。
19．A.lonely B.busy
C.special D.proud
A 解析：由常识可知，需要花时间陪伴的是一个孤独的人。
20．A.talk B.turn
C.give D.adapt
C 解析：根据上文中的“...applying our lives to helping others”可知，此处作者重申主题——幸福不在于我能做什么或不能做什么，而在于我能给予别人多少。give“赠予，给予”。
B卷
阅读理解
A
More than 4 in 10 cancers—600，000 in the UK alone—could be prevented if people led healthier lives， say experts.The population of the UK is about 63，000，000.
Latest figures from Cancer Research UK show smoking is the biggest avoidable risk factor (因素)， followed by unhealthy diets.The charity advises people to live healthily， limit alcohol intake and do regular exercise.
According to the figures from 2007 to 2011， more than 300，000 cases of cancer recorded were linked to smoking.A further 145，000 were linked to unhealthy diets containing too much processed food.Obesity contributed to 88，000 cases and alcohol to 62，200.Sun damage to the skin and physical inactivity were also contributing factors.
Professor Max Parkin， a Cancer Research UK statistician， says，“There’s now little doubt that certain lifestyle choices can have a big influence on cancer risk， with research around the world all pointing to the same key risk factors.”
“Of course everyone wants to enjoy some extra treats during the Christmas holidays so we don’t want to ban beef pies and wine but it’s a good time to think about taking up some healthy habits.”
“Leading a healthy lifestyle can’t guarantee someone won’t get cancer but we can stack the odds in our favour by taking positive steps.”
Public Health England says a healthy lifestyle can play an important role in reducing cancer risk.It says campaigns such as Smokefree， Dry January and Change 4 Life Sugar Swaps all aim to raise public awareness.It’s important that we not only continue to make progress in noticing cancer earlier and improving treatments， but helping people understand how they can reduce their risk of developing cancer in the first place remains important in dealing with cancer.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。专家们认为，如果我们拥有健康的生活方式，那么超过十分之四的癌症是可以避免的。
1．Which of the following is the third biggest avoidable cancer factor？
A.Obesity. B.Alcohol intake.
C.Unhealthy diets. D.Physical inactivity.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二、三段内容可知，可避免的致癌因素中排名第一的是吸烟，第二是不健康的饮食，第三是肥胖，第四是喝酒。
2．By saying the underlined words in Paragraph 6， Professor Max Parkin means we can Ｗ.
A.help others B.improve our lives
C.discover cancer early D.decrease our cancer risk
D 解析：句意理解题。根据第四段中的“certain lifestyle choices can have a big influence on cancer risk”可知，生活方式的选择对得癌症的几率有很大的影响。因此，健康的生活方式虽然不能确保我们不得癌症，但可以“降低我们得癌症的几率”。
3．What’s the main idea of the text？
A.Most cancers are caused by smoking.
B.Cancer is greatly linked to our lifestyle.
C.There are different factors that lead to cancer.
D.Public awareness should be raised to prevent cancer.
B 解析：主旨大意题。本文前三段通过数据等说明可避免的致癌因素的前几名都跟生活方式有关，第四、五、六段引用 Max Parkin 教授的话进一步证明了生活方式与癌症之间的关系，最后一段通过英国公共卫生局的官方发言再一次说明了健康的生活方式可以降低得癌症的几率。故选B项。
B
Why do some people live to be older than others？ You know the standard explanations：keeping a moderate diet，engaging in regular exercise，etc.But what effect does your personality have on your longevity(长寿)？Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives？ A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.
The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing， more active and less neurotic(神经质的) than other people.Long?living women are also more likely to be sympathetic(同情的) and cooperative than women with a normal life span.These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory：those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.
Interestingly，however，other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer.Those who were more self?disciplined，for instance，were no more likely to live to be very old.Also， being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life，which might explain all those bad?tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.
Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate.But the new paper suggests that if you want long life， you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.
Unfortunately，another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity.That study looked at nearly 28，000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious， depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets.Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re adults， which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.
Personality isn’t destiny(命运)，and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change.But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.
【解题导语】 研究表明长寿不仅仅是身体健康问题，也是心理健康问题。而且，母亲的性格也决定孩子是否能够长寿。
4．The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is Ｗ.
A.to see whether people’s personality affects their life span
B.to find out if one’s lifestyle has any effect on their health
C.to investigate the role of exercise in living a long life
D.to examine all the factors contributing to longevity
A 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段可知，针对“性格对一个人的寿命有什么影响，某些类型的性格会让人更长寿吗”这一问题，《美国老年病学会杂志》进行了一项新研究。由此可知，进行该项研究的目的是探讨人的性格是否影响人的寿命。故选A。
5．What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people？
A.They have a good understanding of evolution.
B.They are better at negotiating an agreement.
C.They generally appear more resourceful.
D.They are more likely to get over hardship.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知，外向、富有同情心的人会能更好地度过艰难时期，也更长寿。故选D。
6．What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show？
A.Children’s personality characteristics are invariably(总是) determined by their mothers.
B.People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.
C.Mothers’ influence on children may last longer than fathers’.
D.Mothers’ negative personality characteristics may affect their children’s life spans.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段可知，不幸的是，最近的另一项研究表明，母亲的性格也决定孩子是否能够长寿。那些焦虑、沮丧和愤怒的母亲更有可能给孩子喂不健康的饮食。而且成年后孩子们的饮食模式很难被打破，这可能意味着那些母亲抑郁的孩子们可能不会长寿。故选D。
7．What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies？
A.Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one’s life span.
B.Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.
C.Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.
D.Health is in large part related to one’s lifestyle.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知，长寿不仅仅是身体健康问题，也是心理健康问题。故选B。
C
Since she became a boss 20 years ago， Mary Davis was forced to develop her skills in communication and networking. Today， she says she can start a conversation with anyone.
The easiest way to start a conversation， Davis said， is by finding a commonality between yourself and the other person. Davis’s advice on finding common ground shines through in her reliable icebreakers. Among them are “How do you know our host？”and “I’ve never been to one of these seminars(研讨会).Have you？”According to Davis， this one leads to a conversation no matter what the answer is. “If they answer‘No’， you can go on by saying something like，‘Well， I heard that we can expect to hear about...’If they answer ‘Yes’， you can continue by asking for their opinion of the last seminar.”However， Davis said that sometimes she will just go up to someone， offer her hand， and say，“Hi， I’m Mary Davis. I don’t think we’ve met yet.”
The most important thing to remember about having a conversation is to make eye contact and use the other person’s name， said Davis.“This makes the other person more likely to remember you.”While the other person is talking， Davis acts as though she is only interested in what they have to say. This philosophy(哲学) of making the other person the center of attention carries over to small talk.
In order to practice talking with people， Davis suggests going to a public place.“It’s always easy to open with something you’ve observed from the other person， like ‘I couldn’t help but notice you’re reading the new John Grisham novel. How is it？’”
For Davis， though， the one thing that has really been a big help to her in becoming an expert conversationalist is confidence in herself.“Some reasons people might be shy about entering into a conversation are that they are uncomfortable with themselves； they feel unworthy in comparison to others in the group； they don’t want to appear stupid， uninformed， or uneducated； or maybe they’ve had a bad experience in public that makes them hesitant(迟疑) now.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了擅长人际沟通的女老板玛丽·戴维斯的闲聊经验。
8．Davis’s icebreakers mentioned in Paragraph 2 are helpful in Ｗ.
A.expressing herself
B.opening a conversation
C.making friends with others
D.being the center of attention
B 解析：细节理解题。由第二段的icebreakers...leads to a conversation no matter what the answer is可知，戴维斯认为寻找共同点是开始聊天最简单的办法，而她推荐的“打破僵局的话”无论答案肯定与否都可以顺利开启聊天模式。
9．Davis probably thinks a direct introduction during a conversation is Ｗ.
A.impolite B.worthless
C.acceptable D.surprising
C 解析：推理判断题。由第二段的sometimes she will just go up to someone， offer her hand， and say...可知，有时会直接上前向对方介绍自己的戴维斯认为这种方式是可以被接受的。
10．To start a conversation， how will Davis react when the other person keeps talking about himself？
A.Ask more about him.
B.Speak louder than him.
C.Change the topic of conversation.
D.Break off the conversation politely.
A 解析： 推理判断题。由第三段的This philosophy(哲学) of making the other person the center of attention carries over to small talk.可知，戴维斯认为让对方成为关注的焦点会使交谈更顺畅，故当对方一直在说他自己的事时，她会询问更多关于对方的事。
11．The last paragraph mainly explains Ｗ.
A.how Davis got interested in making conversation
B.why it is important to develop confidence in yourself
C.how to overcome nervousness when speaking in public
D.why it is difficult for some people to start a conversation
D 解析： 段落大意题。由最后一段的Some reasons people might be shy about entering into a conversation可知，本段主要解释了人们不善于交谈的原因——缺乏信心。
语法填空
I can still hear my teammate’s voice in my mind， “No， do not press the buzzer(蜂鸣器) until you 1. (discuss) the answers with us， okay？ ”
I still pressed the buzzer anyway， 2. (stick) to my instinct(直觉).My team had no time to waste.Checking the answers would require too much time.Besides， I did 3. quick answer check myself and it looked just fine.4. I was doing was a brave move， of course.If what I was about to say was wrong， the 5. (possible) of our team winning would be destroyed 6. (complete).I had said a couple of wrong answers before， thus reducing my teammates’ faith in me.I told the teacher my answer.My heart 7. (beat) wildly while I waited for my teacher’s response.When at last I heard that my answer was indeed correct， I could feel relaxed.I knew my method was against what the team wanted， 8. I decided to stick to what I thought would benefit the team， instead of sitting and doing 9. because of the feeling of deep regret I had about the previous wrong 10. (answer).Trust your instinct.Do not be afraid to try something in your own way.
1．have discussed 解析： 句意是“讨论完之后才可以按蜂鸣器”， 并且此处是直接引语， 所以要用现在完成时态。
2．sticking 解析： 现在分词作伴随状语。
3．a 解析： check 此处是可数名词， 表示一次核查。
4．What 解析： what引导主语从句， 在句中作宾语。
5．possibility 解析： 定冠词后需用名词形式。
6．completely 解析： 副词作状语，修饰动词destroy。
7．was beating 解析： 当我等待老师的回应的时候，心脏正剧烈跳动， 根据句意应当用过去进行时。
8．but 解析： 与上句是转折关系， 故用but。
9．nothing 解析： 坐在那儿， 什么都不做。
10．answers 解析： 根据前文I had said a couple of wrong answers before可知此处“以前的错误答案”用复数。
书面表达
假设你是李华，在某英文网站上，你看到正在开展关于填报志愿时首先考虑专业还是大学的讨论。请根据下面所给的要点提示，用英文给该网站发送一封电子邮件，向其描述普遍存在的两种观点及其原因，并谈谈你自己的看法。
观点 理由
首先选择专业 1.可以学习自己感兴趣的东西；
2.便于将来从事自己喜爱的工作
首先选择大学 1.学习环境对人的成长很重要；
2.名牌大学的毕业生在求职时常会受到青睐
你的看法
注意：1.词数：100左右(开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数)；
2．内容可适当发挥，注意行文连贯。
Dear Sir or Madam，
I’m writing in response to your discussion about the question： should I choose a good major or a good university first when I graduate from high school？
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear Sir or Madam，
I’m writing in response to your discussion about the question： should I choose a good major or a good university first when I graduate from high school？
Every student will be faced with the question after he passes the entrance exam to college.Some students prefer to consider majors first so that they can learn what they are interested in.It will also make it possible for them to take their favourite job in the future.Those who think differently believe that the environment is important to one’s development and that graduates from leading universities are often more likely to find a good job.
In my opinion， the best choice is a good major at a good university.If we cannot obtain both， the first thing to consider is a good major， because no matter where we study， we can still achieve a lot in a certain field if we try our best.It’s much better for us students to combine all the factors together to make a final decision.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
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(共47张PPT)
Unit 2 What is happiness to you？
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
本部分内容讲解结束
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(共18张PPT)
Unit 2 What is happiness to you？
本部分内容讲解结束
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领取官网不首发课程,很多人我没告诉他啊!
员qg专享等你来掠
Unit 2 What is happiness to you
重点单词
1. surround vt. 围绕， 环绕
(1)surround...with．.. 使……包围……
be surrounded by/with．..
被……包围
(2)surrounding adj. 附近的
(3)surroundings n. 环境
2. junior adj. 青少年的； 地位(或职位、 级别)
低下的
3. severe adj. 严重的； 严厉的， 严格的；
艰巨的
4. advocate vt. 拥护； 支持； 提倡
(1)advocate doing sth. 提倡/拥护/支持(做)某事
advocate that... 主张……[从句谓语动词用
(should＋) 动词原形]
(2)be an advocate of/for ……的提倡者/拥护者
5. admirable adj. 令人钦佩的， 令人羡慕的，
值得赞美的
admire vt. 钦佩， 羡慕
admirer n. 钦佩者； 赞赏者
admiration n. 钦佩， 羡慕
admiring adj. 钦佩的； 羡慕的
6. rebuild vt. 重建； 改建
【构词】 前缀re?， 回复， 反对， 隐秘， 反复 常见词： react反应 resist抵抗 remote偏僻的 retell复述
7. unbearable adj. 无法忍受的
8. accompany vt. 陪伴， 陪同； 伴随； 为……伴奏
9. obey vt.&vi. 服从， 听从， 顺从
10. outstanding adj. 优秀的， 杰出的， 出色的
11. quit vt.& vi. 停止； 放弃； 离开
quit doing sth. 停止做……
12. predict vt. 预言， 预告， 预报
prediction n. 预言
predictor n. 预言者
13. instant adj. 即食的， 方便的； 立刻的
instantly adv. 马上
14. specialist n. 专家； 专科医师
special adj. 专门的
15. appreciation n. 感激， 感谢； 欣赏； 理解；
(艺术方面的)鉴定， 评估
appreciate v. 感激； 欣赏
16. accomplish vt. 完成， 实现
accomplishment n. 成就； 成绩
17. adapt vi.&vt. (使)适应； 改编
adaptation n. 适应； 改编
18. depth n. 最深处； 深厚； 深度
deep adj. 深的
19. talent n. 天资， 天赋； 天才
talented adj. 有天赋的； 有才能的
20. assist vt. 帮助， 协助
assistance n. 帮助， 协助
重点短语
1. be__surrounded__by 被……环绕
2. apart__from 远离， 和……不在一起； 除了
3. in__good__spirits 心情好
4. adapt__to 适应
5. go__after 追求； 谋求
6. on__one’s__own 独自， 单独； 独立地
7. head__for 朝……方向(地方)行进， 前往
8. to__one’s__relief 使某人欣慰的是
9. quit__doing__sth. 停止做某事
10. ahead__of 在……前面； 早于
11. in__a__rush 匆忙地， 急切地
12. assist__sb.with__sth. 帮助某人做某事
重点句型
1．while引导时间状语从句
While she was injured and in hospital, she amazed the world by the way she remained cheerful.
【仿写】 玛丽写信时， 孩子们在外面玩耍。
While__Mary__was__writing__a__letter,__the children were playing outside.
2．by the time引导时间状语从句
By the time she competed in the gymnastics tournament at the New York Goodwill Games, she had been a junior gymnast for eleven years.
【仿写】 当我们来到宴会时， 狄克已经离开了。
By__the__time we arrived at the party, Dick had__left．
3．cost sb.sth. 使某人失去/花费某物
In 1998, a small accident during one of her practice vaults at the Goodwill Games could have cost her her future happiness.
【仿写】 你不知道为了这几朵玫瑰花， 你父亲付出了多大的代价。
You do not know what these roses have cost__your__father．
4．不带to 的不定式作表语
All I had to do was enjoy my adolescence.
【仿写】 他能做的事就是坐下来耐心地等。
All he could do was sit__down__and__wait with patience.
话题写作
根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文， 并背诵成文。
1．对于幸福， 不同的人有不同的观点。(as for)
2．一些人有钱， 他们认为自己幸福。
3．另外一些人有很多朋友陪伴在身边， 所以他们感觉幸福。(accompany)
4．还有一些人因为生活有意义而感到幸福。(meaningful)
5．对于科学家来说， 完成一个发现或发明能给他带来极大的满足和幸福， 而不是其他任何东西。(accomplish; satisfaction; rather than)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
As for happiness, different people have different ideas.Some people are rich, so they think they are happy.Other people have many friends accompanied, so they feel happy.Still others are happy because their lives are meaningful.For scientists, accomplishing a discovery or an invention rather than anything else gives him great satisfaction and happiness.
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