高中英语牛津译林版 高二上册Unit 4 Helping people around the world 课件+学案含答案（9份打包）

Unit 4 Helping people around the world
你知道世界上还有很多人在挨饿， 还有很多孩子流落街头、 无家可归吗？ 作为普通人应该怎样帮助他们呢？ 点击以下网站试试吧！

Our world and our future will finally be the same when we join together to assist each other.Please visit these sites to see how you can benefit by helping people in our families and throughout the world.
One person really does make a difference!
National Center for Missing & Exploited Children
Help locate or report a missing child.Click here to find information about a missing child from a specific state or region.
Fighting Poverty with Literacy and Physical Fitness
The dividing line between rich and poor in America today is education, and when one in six children in the United States lives in poverty, literacy becomes a critical link in a chain that can either shackle(束缚) children to a life of poverty or be used to pull them out of it.Learn more about Save the Children’s unique approach.
The Internet Toy Drive
Each year, we are proud to be a partner with the official U．S.Marines Toys for Tots program in The Internet Toy Drive.It’s a sad fact that millions of children in the United States will NOT have a single gift to open on Christmas Day! We aim to change that and make sure EVERY child has at least one present “from Santa” under their tree.Help a child now!
The Hunger Project
The Hunger Project is more than an organization.It’s a worldwide movement of women and men committed to a future free from hunger.Achieving the sustainable(合理利用的)end of hunger means nothing less than creating a new future for all humanity.You can play a vital role in this global effort.Click to learn more.
The Literacy Site
Your click on the red “Give Free Books” button at The Literacy Site generates books for children in need, funded by site sponsors and provided through our award winning charity partner, First Book.In the last three years, First Book has distributed over 20 million books to children in hundreds of communities.Visit the Literacy Site.
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading—Warming Up




1. victim n． 受害者
2. acquire vt. 购得； 获得， 得到
3. expand vi.&vt. 扩展， 发展(业务); 扩大， 增强
4. worthwhile adj. 重要的； 令人愉快的； 值
得花时间(或花钱、 努力等)
5. fetch vt. 售得， 卖得(某价); 取来， 去拿来
6. export n. 出口产品， 输出品； 出口， 输出
vt.&vi. 出口， 输出

7．lack n．&vt.缺乏 →lacking adj.缺少的；没有的
8．description n．描写(文字), 形容， 说明→describe vt.描述；说成；形容
9．political adj.政治的； 政府的→politics n．政治；政治学→politician n．政治家；政客
10．addition n．增加； 添加 →additional adj.附加的；额外的→add v．加；增加；补充
11．equal adj.平等的； 同等的 n．同等的人； 相等物
vt.与……相同或相等→equality n．同等；平等→equally adv.相等地；平等地
12．voluntary adj.志愿的；自愿的，主动的→volunteer n．志愿者v.(自愿)做
13．contribute vt.&vi.捐献， 捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致→contribution n．贡献；捐款(赠)；投稿
14．urgent adj.紧急的， 紧迫的 →urge vt.鼓励；催促
15．starvation n．饥饿； 挨饿； 饿死→starve vi.挨饿vt.使挨饿；使饿死

1. refer__to 谈及， 提到； 与……相关，
涉及； 查阅， 参考
2. in__addition 除……以外(还), 此外
3. draw__someone’s__attention__to
使(某人)察觉到
4. contribute__to 捐赠； 作贡献； 是……的原因；
投稿
5. under__the__umbrella__of 在……的保护下， 在……的管
理下
6. be__made__up__of 由……组成
7. be__available__to 可获得的； 可利用的
8. for__lack__of 因缺乏……； 因没有……
9. take__on 承担； 呈现
10. provide__for 供养， 抚养； 防备

1．动词不定式作原因状语
I feel very honoured to__have__been__able__to__take__on__this__role．
能够担任这个角色， 我感到很荣幸。
2．as引导非限制性定语从句
As__you__know,__the UN touches the lives of people everywhere.
正如你们所知， 联合国触及世界各地人们的生活。
3．动词不定式短语作表语
One of the goals is to__ensure__that__clean__water__is__available__to__everyone,__as in many places water is not safe to drink unless it is boiled.
目标之一是保证每个人都能够喝到干净的水， 因为在很多地方得把水煮沸后才能放心饮用。

Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．What does the author mean by saying “the UN touches the lives of people everywhere”？
A．The UN has programs to help people.
B．The UN is involved in causing problems.
C．The UN helps protect the people of the developed countries.
D．The UN will act in the poor nations.
2．Why does the author refer to some women and their work in South Africa in Paragraph 5?
A．To help them collect money to beautify their homeland.
B．To explain one of the programs and funds set up by the UN.
C．To introduce the habits and customs in South Africa to us.
D．To praise the hard?working African women.
3．The UN helps to solve all the following EXCEPT ________．
A．to protect human rights and work to improve international laws
B．to deal with the urgent problems caused by wars and conflicts
C．to develop friendly relationships among nations
D．to raise money for the women in South Africa to buy weaving materials
4．What does the author do as a Goodwill Ambassador?
A．She helps develop the world’s education.
B．She helps deal with such problems as poverty and disasters.
C．She visits countries where the UN has programmes to help people.
D．She visits the poorest areas in the world.
答案： 1－4.ABDC
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．My job with the UN is not paid but voluntary, and as I said before, I visit countries where the UN has programmes to help people.

本句是一个由并列连词and连接的并列句； 第一个分句My job with the UN is not paid but voluntary是一个________句； 在第二个分句中as I said before是________从句； where the UN has programmes to help people是where引导的定语从句。　
[尝试翻译]　我参与做的联合国的工作____________， 而是志愿的。正如我前面所说的那样， 我要访问联合国实施扶助项目的国家。
答案：简单；定语；不是有偿的
2．Recently, I was fortunate enough to travel to South Africa, where I met some women who have organized themselves into a group.

Recently, I was fortunate enough to travel to South Africa是________句， where I met some women是________________从句； who have organized themselves into a group是who引导的定语从句。 　
[尝试翻译]　最近我够幸运， 去了一次南非， __________________________， 她们自发结成了一个团体。
答案：主；非限制性定语；在那里我见到了一些妇女


The UN—bringing everyone closer together
I am pleased to①have this chance today to talk②to you about the United Nations, or the UN，as it is more often referred to③.The UN is an international organization made up of countries that want to promote world peace．④I am very happy to have been chosen to be a Goodwill Ambassador⑤for them.Being a Goodwill Ambassador⑥means that I visit countries where the UN operates⑦programmes to help people⑧.I feel very honoured to⑨have been able to take on⑩ this role.Later I shall tell you about some of the work I have done?.First I should give you a short description?of the UN.
So, when was the United Nations set up?？ It was set up just after the Second World War?， in October 1945 by 51 countries.Today, nearly every nation in the world belongs to?the UN—192 countries altogether?.The UN has four main functions?： to keep international peace; to develop friendly relationships among nations; to work together in solving international political conflicts?and in promoting respect for?human rights?； and to bea centre for organizing the actions or work of different nations.
①be pleased to do sth.很高兴做某事
②have a chance to do sth.有机会做某事
③refer[rI'???(r)]to谈及，提到；与……相关，涉及；查阅，参考
④made up...peace为过去分词短语作后置定语，其中又含有 that 引导的定语从句。
⑤Goodwill Ambassador亲善大使　ambassador[?m'b?s?d?(r)]n.大使
⑥being a Goodwill Ambassador 为动名词短语作主语。
⑦operate v．(使)运转；经营；操作；动手术
⑧that 引导宾语从句；where 引导定语从句。
⑨I feel very honoured to do sth.我感到非常荣幸做某事。
⑩take on 担任(某一角色)
?I have done 是 work 的定语。
?description[dI'skrIp?n]n.描写(文字)，形容，说明
give a description of 给出……描述， 做出……的描述
?set up 建立，成立
?the Second World War 第二次世界大战
the First World War第一次世界大战
?belong to 属于，无被动语态，无进行时态。
?altogether adv.总共，一共
?function n．功能
?political [p?'lItIkl]adj.政治的；政府的
international political conflicts国际间的政治冲突
?promote respect for 促进对……的尊重
?human rights 人权
四个并列的不定式短语作 functions 的同位语，解释说明 functions 的具体内容。

联合国——让每个人靠得更近
我很高兴今天有机会跟大家谈谈联合国，联合国也叫UN——这个名称更常用。联合国是一个国际组织，由愿意促进世界和平的国家组成。我很高兴被选为联合国亲善大使。作为一名亲善大使意味着我要访问联合国实施扶助项目的国家。能够担任这个角色，我感到很荣幸。我会在后面告诉你们我所做的一些工作。首先我向你们简单介绍一下联合国的情况。
那么，联合国是什么时候成立的呢？联合国是在第二次世界大战之后于1945年10月由51个国家联合组建而成。今天，世界上几乎每一个国家都是联合国的成员——共有192个国家。联合国有四大功能：维护国际和平；发展各国之间的友好关系；协作以解决国际间的政治冲突和促进对人权的尊重； 充当一个组织各国行动或工作的中心。
As you know, the UN touchesthe lives of people everywhere.The organization is helping end some of the world’s most horrible conflicts.The UN does not have its own army.Instead, it borrows soldiers from different countries that belong to the UN.With the help ofthese armies and other worthyorganizations, the UN assiststhe victimsof wars and disasters.In addition，the UN helps protect
touch vt.影响，与……有关
with the help of...在……的帮助下
worthy['w???I]adj.令人敬重的；值得的，相称的；有价值的
assist vt.帮助
assist sb.in /with sth.帮助某人(做)某事
assist sb.in doing sth.帮助某人做某事human rights and works to improve international laws, for example, those on child labour and on equalrights for minorities and women.
That is a little about the UN.Now let me tell you about the work I have been doing with them.My job with the UN is not paid but voluntary， and as I said before, I visit countries where the UN has programmes to help people.So, how do I help by visiting these countries? Well, if I visit these countries, the television and presswill follow and record my visits.This will increase people’s knowledge of the work of the UN.In addition, my visits will encourage people working onthe projectsand draw local people’s attention tothe situation.
victim['vIktIm]n.受害者
in addition除……以外(还)，此外
addition[?'dI?n]n.增加；添加
equal['i?kw?l]adj.平等的；同等的n.同等的人；相等物 vt.与……相同或相等
I have been doing with them 是省略了关系代词 that 或 which 的定语从句，修饰 work。
voluntary['v?l?ntrI]adj.志愿的；自愿的，主动的
press n．(常作the press )报刊，平面媒体；新闻界
work on 从事，致力于
working on the projects 为现在分词短语作定语。
draw someone’s attention to 使(某人)察觉到

正如你们所知，联合国触及世界各地人们的生活。该组织正在协助终止世界上一些最恐怖的冲突。联合国没有自己的军队，而是向所属各成员国借用士兵。在这些军队和其他一些可敬的组织的协助下，联合国为战争及灾难的受害者提供援助。此外，联合国维护人权，努力改进国际法律，例如那些关于童工以及少数民族和妇女的平等权利的法律。
以上是对联合国的简单介绍。现在我要跟大家谈谈我一直在联合国所做的工作。我参与做的联合国的工作不是有偿的，而是志愿的。正如我前面所说的那样，我要访问联合国实施扶助项目的国家。那么，我如何通过访问这些国家来达到帮助的目的呢？是这样的，如果我访问这些国家，电视和报刊等媒体就会跟随我，并记录我的访问过程。这会增加人们对联合国工作的认识。此外，我的访问将鼓励正工作在这些项目上的人，并引起当地人对此种形势的关注。
I have visited many countries in Africa.Recently，I was fortunate enough to travel to South Africa, where I met some women who have organized themselves into a group.They collect approximately1.35 yuan per day from each member and add it to some money contributedby the government.With this, the women have enough money to acquirematerials to make baskets.They then sell these at the market for a profit.With luck their group will be able to expand and maybe set up a shop.Such programmes can transform people’s lives by giving them the ability toprovide forthemselves and their families.There are lots of worthwhileprogrammes like this under the umbrella ofthe UN that have helped millions of people across the world.
Apart fromthe urgentproblems caused by wars and conflicts， the UN helps countries with other problems such as lack of education，starvation， disasters，AIDSand other diseases.At a UN meeting in 2000，all of its members agreed totry and meet eight development goals by the year 2015.One of the goals is to ensure that clean water is available to everyone, as in many places water is not safe to drink unless it is boiled.Another is to ensure all children complete primary education.For more information，you may like to look it upon the UN website.So you see, with the work of the UN the world has been brought closer together.
to travel...group 为不定式短语作原因状语，其中又含有where 和 who 引导的定语从句。
approximately adv.大约
add...to...把……加到……上
contribute [k?n'trIbju?t]vt.& vi.捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致　contribute...to /towards 向……捐赠……
contribute to 促成，造成
过去分词短语 contributed by...作后置定语。
acquire[?'kwaI?(r)]vt.购得；获得， 得到
expand[Ik'sp?nd]vi.& vt.扩展， 发展(业务)；扩大， 增强
the ability to do...做……的能力
provide for sb.为某人提供生活所需
provide sb.with sth.向某人提供某物
worthwhile[?w??θ'waIl]adj.重要的；令人愉快的；值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)
It is worthwhile doing/to do sth.做某事是值得的。
under the umbrella of 在……的保护下，在……管理下
apart from 除了……外(还)
urgent ['??d??nt]adj.紧急的，紧迫的
caused by wars and conflicts 为过去分词短语作定语。
starvation[stɑ?'veI?n]n.饥饿；挨饿；饿死
AIDS[eIdz]n.艾滋病
agree to do sth.同意做某事
boil[b?Il]vt.& vi.沸腾，煮沸；烹煮
to ensure...boiled为不定式作表语，其中含有that 引导的宾语从句。
look...up 查阅……look up (形势)好转，改善

我已访问了非洲的许多国家。最近我够幸运，去了一次南非，在那里我见到了一些妇女，她们自发结成了一个团体。她们每天从每个小组成员那里收取大约1.35元，将这些钱和政府资助的一部分钱加在一起。这样，这些妇女就凑够了钱去购买做篮子的材料。之后，她们就将编织好的篮子拿到市场上销售赚钱。运气好的话，她们的团体会进一步扩大，或许还能开一个店铺。这些项目可以通过使人们有能力为自己和家人提供生活所需来改变人们的生活。在联合国的管理体系中有很多此类的重要的项目，它们已经为全世界数以百万计的人提供了帮助。
除了由战争和冲突所引起的各种紧急问题外，联合国还帮助国家解决其他问题，如教育缺失、饥饿、灾难、艾滋病和其他疾病。在2000年召开的一次联合国会议上，所有的成员国都同意，到2015年争取实现8个发展目标。目标之一是保证每个人都能够喝到干净的水，因为在很多地方得把水煮沸后才能放心饮用。另外一个发展目标是保证所有的孩子都能够完成小学教育。如果你们想知道更多的情况，你们可以浏览联合国的相关网页。所以你看，由于联合国的工作，全世界的人被拉得更近了。


A卷
阅读理解
A
Years ago, my wife and I volunteered at a homeless shelter in downtown Los Angeles, US, preparing meals for thousands of people. I got to talk with one of them in line, Albert. He said he liked my socks. “Want to see mine？” he asked, lifting his leg. He was barefoot(赤脚的). He said he had been meaning to buy a pair but he hadn’t got around to it. I felt a sinking feeling in my stomach.
The next day, after work I stopped at Ross and filled up my car with socks. That next morning, I drove over to Santa Monica’s Palisades Park, which is a common place for homeless people.
I took one of the bags from my car. It was still dark out. I headed for a group of three men, standing around a tree, probably using it as a windbreaker. As I walked toward them, one of them watched me, perhaps questioning my motives. “I thought you all might need some fresh new socks，” I said, handing him a pair. He looked confused at first but took them and said, “Thank you.” I gave him two more pairs for his friends.
I moved on. An hour later, I had given out all the socks. Most people were sleeping, and I felt like Santa. I knew that when they woke up they would find a very meaningful present.
That was nine years ago. Every week I’ll hand out as many socks as I can. If I’m on vacation or on a business trip for more than a week, I will bring a bag of socks with me and hand them out to the homeless on the streets in other states and countries.
It’s extremely satisfying to do “under__the__radar” things to help make some people’s lives a little bit easier. Part of me hopes to see Albert out there one of these days, but even if I don’t, I’d like to think one of the pairs will find him.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者在收容所担任志愿者时碰到了一个流浪汉，并得知他羡慕自己的袜子，于是作者买了很多袜子赠给无家可归的人，并一直坚持着这一善举。
1．What caused the author to hand out socks to the homeless?
A．A homeless shelter’s request.
B．His wife’s volunteer work.
C．His talk with Albert.
D．A festival’s arrival.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的He said he liked my socks.和I felt a sinking feeling in my stomach.可知，在与Albert的对话中得知他很想有一双袜子，这使作者有了买袜子送给无家可归者的想法。
2．How did the homeless man in the park react to the author’s help?
A．He wondered about the reason behind it.
B．He expected to get more socks.
C．He refused to accept it.
D．He was afraid of it.
A　解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的As I walked toward them, one of them watched me, perhaps questioning my motives.以及He looked confused at first可知，这个无家可归的人想知道作者这么做的动机。
3．What does the underlined phrase “under the radar” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A．Common.　　　　　　 B．Surprising.
C．Undiscovered. D．Unbelievable.
C　解析：词义猜测题。根据倒数第三段中的Most people were sleeping可知，作者在那些无家可归的人睡觉时发放袜子，不想自己被注意到。
4．What could be the best title for the text?
A．Spreading Presents on Trips
B．Looking for Albert All over the World
C．Giving the Homeless a Lifetime Surprise
D．Helping the Homeless in an Unexpected Way
D　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，一次偶然的交谈使得作者开始给无家可归的人分发袜子，作者至今仍然坚持着这一善举，以不寻常的方式帮助无家可归者。故D项作为文章标题最为恰当。
B
Trying to find a safe place after too many earthquakes and after shocks and the death of my dear husband, I sold my little farm in Canterbury, New Zealand, and moved north to Blenheim with my three elderly Labradors, three ancient cats and six doves.
The place I bought appeared reasonably priced, quiet and safe for the animals. I moved in, but that was the moment of truth.
It had been left filthy. There were large holes in walls where heaters and shelves had been removed, and illegal plumbing(管道) and wiring. The small house was filled with rubbish and the log burner full of ashes. The fence was partly burnt and the irrigation(灌溉) system was damaged. All the firewood had been removed.
After a busy day moving in and cleaning, I touched a switch in the bathroom, thinking it was for the lights. Unluckily, it was for an illegally wired spa bath and it tripped the circuit(电路), leaving the house in total darkness. I had not yet located a torch or phone, and boxes were all over the place. All I could do was lie on the bed and shiver(颤抖) through that long, very cold winter night.
At first light, I took my dogs for a walk along the nearby riverbank and met several other dog walkers who were chatting while their dogs played nearby. Allison, Fay and Colin introduced themselves, and I shared with them my struggles.
Later that day, Allison arrived at my door with a wheelbarrow full of firewood and kindling(引火物). She had pushed it from her home, just under a kilometre away. Then Colin turned up with some goldfish in a bucket. “Put them in your pond，” he said, knowing I had left my fish in Canterbury. Not long after, Fay came over with a community newsletter, and a bag of oranges from her garden.
These caring people gave me cheer and encouragement when I needed it most. After an unpleasant beginning, they made me and my dogs feel welcome in Blenheim, and are now our firm friends.
　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者在地震后搬到了一座陌生的城市，在新的住所遇到麻烦后，得到了三位新朋友的热心帮助。
5．What does the underlined word “filthy” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Fairly tidy.　　　　　　 B．Relatively new.
C．Extremely cold. D．Unpleasantly dirty.
D　解析：词义猜测题。由第三段中的large holes in walls, illegal plumbing(管道) and wiring, filled with rubbish and the log burner full of ashes和partly burnt以及damaged可知，作者买的这套房子很脏乱。
6．What do we know about the author’s first night at her new house?
A．She lost her cellphone.
B．She had a restless sleep.
C．She enjoyed a comfortable spa bath.
D．She disconnected all the illegal wires.
B　解析：推理判断题。由第四段中的All I could do was lie on the bed and shiver(颤抖) through that long, very cold winter night.可知，作者一晚上冻得无法入睡。
7．How did Allison, Fay and Colin help the author?
A．They walked her dogs.
B．They warmed her heart.
C．They invited her for dinner.
D．They helped her with the cleaning.
B　解析：推理判断题。由倒数第二段的描述可知，Allison, Fay和Colin给作者送来了柴火、鱼、社区新闻和桔子，让作者感到她在Blenheim是受欢迎的，也给了她温暖和鼓励。
8．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Kindling Friendship
B．Living in a New City
C．In Search of New Friends
D．From Canterbury to Blenheim
A　解析：标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了作者在地震后搬离原来居住的地方，到了Blenheim，在新住所遭遇不悦，在一次遛狗的时候遇到另外三位遛狗朋友，在得知作者的处境后，这三位朋友主动给予作者帮助并给她送来了柴火，这不仅让作者感到温暖，也点燃了她们之间的友谊。A项作标题最能概括本文的主题。
C
Once, the Paiter?Surui tribe(部落) lived a happy life in the heart of the Amazon rainforest in Brazil.But after the tribe’s first meeting with Westerners several decades ago, they were nearly wiped out; diseases brought by outsiders reduced the Surui’s numbers from 5, 000 to about 250.
Today, some 1，300 tribe people live in 23 villages across 600, 000 acres.Though they are as likely to wear T?shirts and jeans as feathered headdresses, the Surui are determined to preserve and protect the tribal culture of their homeland.Now they are under threat again, from illegal logging and deforestation(滥伐), but this time it’s different.The Surui have put aside their bows and arrows and taken up a new weapon: the Internet.
The tribe people learned to use the Web from their leader, Chief Almir Narayamoga.“We decided to use computers and technology to bring attention to our situation，”says Narayamoga, 36.The first in his tribe to attend college, Chief Narayamoga learned how to use computers at the Federal University of Goiás in Goi?nia, a city of 1.2 million.In 2007, he fled the Surui homeland after his fight against loggers who placed a $100, 000 reward on his head.He traveled to the United States and paid a visit to Google headquarters in California.He came armed with a big idea.
Narayamoga’s visit to Google was considered a great success.And Google sent teams to the Amazon to train the Surui in using computers, cameras, and smart phones to photograph logging sites, which could be pinpointed using GPS technology and then uploaded to Google Earth.The Surui have now mapped the entire reserve and recorded the biodiversity and the rainforest within it.
9．What caused the population of the Amazon tribe to reduce greatly?
A．The change of their lifestyles.
B．Deforestation.
C．Diseases.
D．Fighting.
C　解析：细节理解题。从文章第一段最后一句可知，由外来者带来的疾病导致土著人口剧减。
10．Chief Narayamoga fled his homeland because ________．
A．he owed a large debt
B．the loggers wanted to kill him
C．he wanted to learn computers
D．he failed to fight against logging
B　解析：细节理解题。从文章倒数第二段可知，酋长逃离家乡的原因是伐木者悬赏捉拿他并置他于死地。
11．What kind of idea did Chief Narayamoga have after he returned to his homeland?
A．He could ask the U．S. government for help.
B．He could negotiate with the loggers.
C．He could save their land with the Internet.
D．He could make a map of their land.
C　解析：推理判断题。联系文章最后两段可知，酋长从美国回来，开始用“谷歌”搜索和全球定位技术来引发世人关注，从而利用社会舆论来保护自己的家园，由此可知C项正确。
12．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Deforestation has been stopped in Amazon.
B．Narayamoga’s efforts are paying off.
C．The Internet is still something new to the tribe people.
D．Logging has been stopped due to the use of GPS technology.
B　解析：推理判断题。文章最后一段说明，酋长的美国之行获得了成功，现在土著民族正运用高科技来测量自己的领地，由此推断，他们的努力正在获得回报。
七选五
A lot of people seem to believe that successful people spend a majority of their time working overtime and frequently have sleepless nights.1.________ In fact, many of the world’s smartest people take their weekends to relax and spend time with their family, themselves, and their goals. Here are four habits that successful people have in common.
They follow a hobby that they can practice every day. Successful people know that there is a lot more to life than working, sleeping, and eating. 2.________ When you’re able to pick up a hobby that you can practice every day, it may actually help you become more successful. For example, playing a musical instrument improves motor and analytical skills as well as creativity.
3．________ When it comes to reading, summarizing is extremely helpful and smart. It helps you look for and find the main points and important details in each paragraph that you read.
They share what they learn with others. It’s very important to always learn something new every day. 4.________ You take in new information and keep it through the books you read and web searches all the time. You have the ability to share that with those around you, and that is extremely meaningful.
They come up with 10 ideas every day. It may sound like a pretty exhausting thing to do at first, but it’s one of the most powerful ways to change and improve your life. First, it improves creativity and your problem?solving abilities. 5.________ Third, it gives your brain that daily mental practice it needs, which will increase your psychological energy.
A．They follow their questions.
B．They summarize what they read.
C．It is very easy to live in our comfort zones.
D．It would be a very big mistake to think this way.
E．It’s equally important to share that knowledge with others.
F．Second, it helps to prepare you to respond to almost any situation.
G．That’s why the world’s smartest people join in one or more activities that they love.
【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了成功人士的常见生活习惯。
1．D　解析： 本句承上启下，对上一句提到的观点进行评论。
2．G　解析：本段主要讲述应该追随自己的爱好，根据本句中的关键表达one or more activities可知此项最合适。
3．B　解析：根据后文内容可知，本段主要说明总结的作用，本句总结了本段的主要内容。根据后文的关键词reading和summarizing可知答案。
4．E　解析：本句是对上一句观点的延伸，说明了分享所学新知识也是同样重要的。
5．F　解析： 本句是对标题句提到的观点进行认证的三个理由之一。
B卷
阅读理解
Just a few months ago，when I was fresh out of school and working in Denver，I was driving to my parents’ home in Missouri for Christmas. I stopped at a gas station about 50 miles from Oklahoma City，where I was planning to stop and visit a friend. While I was standing in line at the cash register，I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas.
I took off，but had gone only a few miles when black smoke poured from the back of my car. I stopped and wondered what I should do. A car pulled up behind me. It was the couple I had spoken to at the gas station. They said they would take me to my friend’s. We chatted on the way into the city，and when I got out of the car，the husband gave me his business card.
I wrote him and his wife a thank?you note for helping me. Soon afterward，I received a Christmas present from them.Their note that came with it said that helping me had made their holidays meaningful.
Months later，I drove to a meeting in a nearby town in the morning.In the late afternoon I returned to my car and found that I’d left the lights on all day，and the battery was dead.Then I noticed that the Friendly Ford Dealership—a shop selling cars—was right next door.I walked over and found two salesmen in the showroom.
“Just how friendly is Friendly Ford？”I asked and explained my trouble. They quickly drove a pickup truck to my car and started it. They would accept no payment；so when I got home，I wrote them a note to say thanks. I received a letter back from one of the salesmen. No one had ever taken the time to write him and say thank you，and it meant a lot，he said.
“Thank you”—two powerful words. They’re easy to say and mean so much.
【解题导语】　本文作者通过自己得到陌生人帮助的两段经历告诉我们，向人表达谢意非常重要。
1．The author planned to stop in Oklahoma City ________．
A．to visit a friend
B．to see his parents
C．to pay at the cash register
D．to have more gas for his car
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的where I was planning to stop and visit a friend可知，作者在俄克拉何马城停留是为了看望一位朋友。
2．What happened when the author found smoke coming out of his car?
A．He had it pulled back to the gas station.
B．The couple gave him a business card.
C．The couple offered to help him.
D．He called his friend for help.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第三至五句可知，作者的小汽车出了故障，萍水相逢的老夫妻主动向他提供帮助。
3．The battery of the author’s car was dead because ________．　
A．something went wrong with the lights
B．the meeting lasted a whole day
C．he forgot to turn off the lights
D．he drove too long a distance
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知作者因为忘记关车灯导致电池没电了。
4．By telling his own experiences，the author tries to show ________．
A．how to write a thank?you note
B．how to deal with car problems
C．the kind?heartedness of older people
D．the importance of expressing thanks
D　解析：推理判断题。根据本文最后一段内容可知作者通过自己的两段经历向我们阐述了表达谢意的重要性。
完形填空
One afternoon I toured an art museum while waiting for my husband to finish a business meeting. I was looking forward to a quiet view of the masterpieces(杰作)．
A young couple__1__the paintings ahead of me chatted __2__between themselves. I watched them for a moment and __3__the lady was doing all the talking. I admired the man’s patience for __4__her constant flood of words. Annoyed by their noise，I moved on.
I met them several times as I moved through the various rooms of art.__5__I heard her constant flood of words，I moved away __6__．
I was standing at the counter of the museum gift shop making a __7__when the couple approached the exit. Before they left，the man __8__his pocket and pulled out a white object. He extended(展开) it into a long walking stick and then __9__his way into the coatroom to get his wife’s jacket.
“He’s a __10__man，”the clerk at the counter said.“Most of us would __11__if we were blinded at such a young age. During his recovery，he made a __12__that his life wouldn’t __13__．So，as before，he and his wife come in whenever there’s a new art show.”
“But what does he get out of the art？”I asked.“He can’t see.”
“Can’t see？You’re __14__．He sees a lot.__15__than you or I do，”the clerk said.“His wife __16__each painting so he can see it in his head.”
I learned something about patience，courage and love that day. I saw the __17__of a young wife describing paintings to a person without __18__and the courage of a husband who would not __19__blindness to change his life. And I saw the love __20__by two people as I watched this couple walk away with their arms intertwined(交缠)．
【解题导语】　丈夫失明了，可是这并没有阻止他对生活和艺术的热爱和追求。每次有美术展的时候，妻子总是耐心地向丈夫描述作品的细节，帮助丈夫理解画作。
1．A.viewing　　　　　　　　 B．judging
C．noticing D．measuring
A　解析：去美术馆应该是去“观赏”绘画作品。此处指在作者前面观看画作的年轻夫妇。
2．A.continuously B．carelessly
C．hardly D．excitedly
A　解析：根据下文的constant flood of words可知，此处指这对年轻的夫妇“不断地”在说话。
3．A.required B．decided
C．blamed D．announced
B　解析：作者看了他们一会儿，然后“断定”是那位妻子一直在说话。
4．A.coming up with B．adding up to
C．putting up with D．living up to
C　解析：那位男士能“忍受”妻子滔滔不绝的话语，作者非常钦佩他的耐心。put up with意为“忍受”。
5．A.As though B．Now that
C．Each time D．Ever since
C　解析：作者“每次”听到那位妻子滔滔不绝的话语就离开。此处each time引导时间状语从句。
6．A.frequently B．constantly
C．gradually D．quickly
D　解析：作者不喜欢那位妻子如此话多，因此每次听到她滔滔不绝的话语就“迅速”离开。
7．A.difference B．deal
C．fortune D．purchase
D　解析：根据空前的“gift shop”可知，作者应该是在美术馆礼品店的柜台前买东西。make a purchase意为“购物”。
8．A.looked into B．got into
C．reached into D．broke into
C　解析：根据空后的“pulled out”可知，此处指那位男士把手“伸进”口袋里，取出一个白色的东西。
9．A.pushed B．tapped
C．fought D．forced
B　解析：句意：他把它展开成为一根长长的手杖，点着地去衣帽间取他妻子的夹克。tap意为“轻敲”。
10．A.brave B．lucky
C．cold D．clever
A　解析：根据该段中店员的话可知，此处指那位男士是一个“勇敢的”人。
11．A.make up B．give up
C．wake up D．turn up
B　解析：句意：如果我们这么年轻就失明了，我们大多数人都会“放弃”。
12．A.discovery B．complaint
C．promise D．contribution
C　解析：句意：在他康复期间，他承诺他的生活不会因此而改变。make a promise意为“许诺”。
13．A.change B．continue
C．return D．end
A　解析：那位男士承诺自己的生活不会因失明而“改变”。下文的“blindness to change his life”是提示。
14．A.right B．careless
C．foolish D．wrong
D　解析：根据空后的“He sees a lot.”可知，店员否定了作者的话，说作者错(wrong)了。
15．A.Less B．Better
C．Worse D．More
D　解析：该空承接空前的内容，因此这里指“他比你或我看到的都要多”。
16．A.describes B．draws
C．touches D．praises
A　解析：那位男士失明了，因此应该是他的妻子给他“描述”每一幅画作。
17．A.wisdom B．patience
C．courage D．faith
B　解析：根据上一句中的“patience”可知，此处指作者看到一位妻子为失明的丈夫描述每幅画作时的“耐心”。
18．A.thought B．hearing
C．emotion D．sight
D　解析：由上文可知，那位男士失明了，因此这里应该用sight。
19．A.refuse B．invite
C．allow D．force
C　解析：根据第五段第三句他的承诺和最后一段第一句中的“courage”可知，作者看到了那位男士不“让”失明改变其生活的勇气。
20．A.expected B．shared
C．received D．imagined
B　解析：当年轻的夫妇离开时，作者看到了两个人所分享的爱。
语法填空
At my workplace there aren’t enough 1.____________(opportunity) to be different.We give care to others but sometimes we forget to care for 2.____________(we) and each other.
So, I print 3.____________(inspire) messages, happy pictures, etc.and post them on a blank space 4.____________ I’ve found in one of our rooms.I believe they add to our “emotional education”．
One person asked me，“Why do you try to help these people？They are not very nice.” My answer 5.____________(be)，“If it affects one person then it’s a good thing.” It doesn’t matter whether it has an impact 6.____________ anyone else.What matters is that I’m the 7.____________(good) person I can be.
I know those 8.____________(print) stories and articles are read because they keep getting moved about.So, 9.____________(eventual), like sandpaper against a rough surface, 10.____________ surface will become smooth and the messages will get through.How long it takes really doesn’t matter.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己的经历告诉我们关爱别人的同时，也不要忘记关爱自己。
1．opportunities　解析：考查名词。根据空前的“there aren’t”可知，there be句型中的主语应用复数形式。
2．ourselves　解析：考查代词。句意：但有时我们忘记了关心自己和互相关心。空处在句中作介词for的宾语，且主语和宾语表达相同的意思，故此处使用反身代词。
3．inspiring　解析：考查词性转换。根据语境可知，所填词为定语，修饰messages，故用形容词inspiring“令人鼓舞的”。
4．that/which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句修饰先行词a blank space，且在从句中作宾语，故用that/which。
5．was　解析：考查动词时态。根据上文中的“One person asked me”可知，此处也应用一般过去时态。
6．on　解析：考查介词。此处是固定搭配have an impact on...“对……有影响”。
7．best　解析：考查形容词最高级。根据空前的“the”可知，此处应用最高级，故填best。
8．printed　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在此作前置定语修饰stories and articles，且print与stories and articles之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故此处使用过去分词作定语。
9．eventually　解析：考查副词。根据语境可知，此处应使用副词eventually作状语修饰整个句子。
10．the　解析：考查冠词。此处surface为特指，空处应使用the。







PAGE



22



(共52张PPT)
Unit 4　Helping people around the world
Unit 4　Helping people around the world
Unit 4　Helping people around the world
Unit 4　Helping people around the world
Unit 4　Helping people around the world
Unit 4　Helping people around the world
Unit 4　Helping people around the world
Unit 4　Helping people around the world
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading—Warming Up
本部分内容讲解结束
按ESC键退出全屏播放
Unit 4
Helping people around
the world
自学导引·语篇理解
自主探究·巩固新知
教材助读·解疑清障
读懂课文·破解难疑






Section Ⅱ　Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language Points


lack　vt.& n．缺乏； 缺少； 不足
(教材P49)When there is a lack of food, there is hunger.
当缺少食物时就会有饥饿产生。

(1)(a) lack of... ……的缺少
for lack of sth. 因缺少……
(2)lacking adj. 缺少的；缺乏的
be lacking in 缺少……；……不足　
Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise.
健康问题与不良饮食习惯和缺乏运动有密切关系。

(1)lack作名词时，后常接介词of；作及物动词时，直接加宾语；作不及物动词时，后常接介词for；
(2)lacking为形容词，一般不放在名词前。

[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
(1) Though lacking(lack) money, his parents managed to send him to university.
(2) More and more high－rise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space.
(3)—Jack still can’t help being anxious about his job interview.
—Lack in self－confidence is his Achilles’ heel，I am afraid.in→of
[能力提升]——一句多译
缺乏勇气使他失去了获胜的机会。
(4)Lacking__courage made him lose the chance of winning.(lack v．)
(5)Lack__of__courage made him lose the chance of winning. (lack n．)
refer to　查阅； 参考； 谈到； 提到； 适用于； 涉及
(教材P50)I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations, or the UN, as it is more often referred to.
我很高兴今天有机会跟大家谈谈联合国， 联合国也叫UN——这个名称更常用。
[一词多义]——写出下列句中refer to的含义
(1)If you don’t know the exact meaning of the word, you may refer to the dictionary. 查阅
(2)We have reached an agreement that we will not refer to the matter again. 提及

(1)refer to...as... 把……称作……
refer...to... 把……提交给……(以求获得帮助)
(2)reference n. 言及， 提及； 参考； 查阅　
①When I am faced with a difficulty, I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or Web pages.
当我面对困难时， 我常常选择参考相关学习资料或网页。
②In China, women who remain single in their late twenties are__referred(refer) to as “leftover women”．
在中国， 女性快30岁时仍单身被称为“剩女”。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
课本和字典可以用作参考书而杂志可作为阅读材料。
The textbooks and dictionaries can be__used__as__reference__books while the magazines serve as reading materials.
worthy　adj.名副其实的； 令人敬重的；值得的， 相称的； 有价值的
(教材P50)With the help of these armies and other worthy organizations, the UN assists the victims of wars and disasters.　在这些军队和其他一些可敬的组织的协助下， 联合国为战争及灾难的受害者提供援助。

(1)be worthy of sth. 值得
be worthy of being done/to be done
值得做
(2)worth adj. 值得的，有价值的
be (well) worth doing sth. (非常)值得做某事
(3)worthwhile adj. 值得努力的
It is worthwhile to do/doing sth. 值得做……
You’d better spend your time on some worthwhile reading.
你最好把时间花在读一些有价值的书上。

[基础练习]——单句语法填空
(1)I don’t think it is worthwhile taking/to__take(take) the trouble to explain the question to him.
[能力提升]——一句多译
这本由著名作家写的书值得一读。
(2)It__is__worthwhile__reading/to__read the book written by the famous writer.(worthwhile)
(3)The book written by the famous writer is__worth__reading. (worth)
(4)The book written by the famous writer is__worthy__of__being__read/to__be__read．(worthy)
equal　vt.等于； 抵得上　adj.相等的； 胜任的；平等的
n．同等的人；相等物　vt.与……相同或相等
(教材P50)In addition, the UN helps protect human rights and works to improve international laws, for example, those on child labour and on equal rights for minorities and women.
此外， 联合国维护人权， 努力改进国际法律， 例如那些关于童工以及少数民族和妇女的平等权利的法律。

(1)A equal(s) B in...A 在……方面比得上B
(2)be equal to＋n./doing sth. 等于； 与……相等； 有……的能力； 胜任
be equal in sth. 在某方面相等
(3)be without equal/have no equal
无与伦比
(4)equally adv. 同样地， 平等地
equality n. 平等
①They are equal partners in every aspect of their lives.
他们这对伴侣在生活各个方面都是平等的。
②As far as I’m concerned, he is not equal to the job.
就我个人而言， 他不适合/不能胜任这项工作。
③Learning to deal with the social world is equally(equal) important.
学会应付当今社会同样重要。
④Though he is equal to them in height, no one can equal him in playing basketball.
尽管他和他们的身高相同， 但在打篮球方面无人能与他匹敌。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
在勇气方面没有人比得上他，这一点大家都清楚。
(1)No one equals__him__in__courage,__about which every one knows.(equal)
(2)No one is__equal__to__him__in__courage,__about which every one knows.(equal)
(3)No one matches__him__in__courage,__about which every one knows.(match)
draw one’s attention to　使(某人)察觉到； 吸引某人的注意力于
(教材P51)In addition, my visits will encourage people working on the projects and draw local people’s attention to the situation.　此外， 我的访问将鼓励正工作在这些项目上的人， 并引起当地人对此种形势的关注。

catch/attract sb.’s attention　 吸引某人的注意力
bring sth.to sb.’s attention 使某人关注某事
turn sb.’s attention to 把某人的注意力转向
pay attention to 注意
fix/focus/concentrate one’s attention on
集中注意力/精力于
pay attention to 注意

以上短语中的 to、 on都是介词， 其后接名词、 代词或动名词。
①He drew my attention to a point I had overlooked.
他使我察觉到我忽略了的一点。
②In order to protect the balance of nature, the professor suggested that we should pay attention to improving (improve) people’s environmental awareness.
为了保护生态平衡， 教授建议我们重视提高人们的环保意识。
③You should fix/focus/concentrate your attention on your work.　你应该把注意力放到工作上。
contribute　vt.&vi.捐献， 捐赠， 捐助； 贡献；
促成， 导致
(教材P51)They collect approximately 1.35 yuan per day from each member and add it to some money contributed by the government.
她们每天从每个小组成员那里收取大约1.35元， 将这些钱和政府资助的一部分钱加在一起。

(1)contribute to... 导致……；向……投稿；有助于……
(2)contribution n. 贡献；捐款；稿件
make a contribution/contributions to (doing) sth.
对(做)某事做出贡献
①Finally, some good English study websites contribute a lot to my improvement in English.
最后，一些好的英语学习网站也对我的英语提高起了很大作用。
②Those who have made__a__great__contribution__to human beings and society will never be forgotten.
那些为人类和社会作出巨大贡献的人将永远不会被忘记。
③I give a ten?dollar contribution(contribute) to the church every Sunday.　
我每个星期日捐10美元给教会。
expand　vi.&vt.扩展， 发展(业务); 扩大， 增强
(教材P51)With luck their group will be able to expand and maybe set up a shop.
运气好的话， 她们的团体会进一步扩大， 或许还能开一个店铺。

(1)expand into/to 扩展(充)成……； 扩大为……
expand on/upon 详述； 详细阐明
(2)expansion n. 扩大　
①We’ve expanded the business by opening two more stores.
我们增开了两个商店以扩展业务。
②The village expanded into/to a town.
这个村子发展成了一个城镇。
③I will expand__on this problem next time.
我下次再详细谈这个问题。
④As children grow older they expand__their__interests and become more confident.
随着年龄的增长， 孩子们的兴趣会变广泛， 人也会变得更自信。
urgent　adj.紧迫的， 紧急的； 非常重要的； 急需的
(教材P51)Apart from the urgent problems caused by wars and conflicts, the UN helps countries with other problems such as lack of education, starvation, disasters, AIDS and other diseases.
除了由战争和冲突所引起的各种紧急问题外， 联合国还帮助国家解决其他问题，如教育缺失、饥饿、灾难、艾滋病和其他疾病。

(1)be in urgent need of 急需
be urgent for sb.(to do) 急切地催促某人(做)
It is urgent that...(should) do...
急需……
(2)urge vt. 驱策， 鼓励； 催促， 力劝
urge (sb.) on sth. 鼓励(某人)做某事； 激
励； 为(某人)加油
urge sb.to do/into doing sth.
　　 敦促/怂恿/强烈要求/力劝某人做某事
urge for sth. 极力主张某事
urge＋that从句(that从句用虚拟语气， 谓语部分用should＋动词原形， 其中should 可以省略)
(3)urgency n. 紧迫之事
①The attack added a new urgent to the peace talks.
这次攻击事件使和平谈判愈加紧迫。
②In order to improve learning efficiency, I urge that all of us (should)__form(form) the habit of thinking independently and reviewing lessons in time.
为了提高学习效率，我主张大家应该养成独立思考和及时复习的习惯。
③What can we do to urge these lazy workers to work hard?
我们怎样才能敦促这些懒惰的工人去努力工作呢？
[巧学活用]——一句多译
随着期末考试的来临，老师敦促我们努力学习。(urge)
(1)Our teacher urges__us__to__study__hard with the final exam drawing near.
(2)Our teacher urges__us__into__studying__hard with the final exam drawing near.
(3)Our teacher urges__that__we__(should)__study__hard,__as the final exam is drawing near.

(教材P49)In some areas where there have been wars, special soldiers help keep the peace.
在有战争的地区， 特种部队帮助维持治安。

此句中“there have been”为there be句型的完成时形式。表示某个事物在什么地方， 其结构为“There be＋主语＋其他成分”。 其中there为引导词， 本身无意义， 谓语动词遵循就近原则。 there be句型的用法如下：
(1)There＋be＋主语＋现在分词作定语。 句中现在分词表示主动关系， 同时表示动作正在进行。 有时现在分词可表示一种状态。
(2)There be句型中， 谓语动词除用be之外， 还可用某些状态动词， 如： remain, lie, exist, live, stand以及表示位置转移的动词arrive, come, enter, follow, rise, appear, occur等。
(3)There be句型的非限定形式有there to be和there being两种形式， 它们可以在句中作主语、 宾语、 状语等。
(4)There＋being形式还可以用作状语分句， 形成独立主格结构。
(5)there be句型的变式有：
There used to be...　 曾经有……(但现在没有了)
There is/are going to be... 将有……
There happened to be... 恰好有……
①There is a desk and three chairs in the room.
房间里有一张书桌和三把椅子。
②There are three chairs and a desk in the room.
房间里有三把椅子和一张书桌。
③There__used__to__be a building here.
过去这儿有一座楼房。
(教材P49)This land was difficult to farm but now water has been pumped into the fields.　这些土地过去很难耕种， 但是现在已经能够把水抽到地里了。

句中was difficult to farm为“主动形式表被动含义”。“be＋形容词＋to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。
(1)这类结构的特点是句子主语就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语， 按理说其中的不定式要用被动形式， 但习惯上却要用主动表被动。 这类形容词常见的有awkward, convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe, tough, tricky, unpleasant 等。
(2)有时形容词后跟有名词， 在名词后用作定语的不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
(3)有少数用于类似结构的形容词(如fit, ready, free等), 其中的不定式用主动式和被动式均可。 　
①The question is difficult to answer.
这问题很难回答。
②It is a pleasant thing to__remember(remember)．
这是一件值得记住的愉快的事。
(教材P50)I feel very honoured to have been able to take on this role.　能够担任这个角色， 我感到很荣幸。

句中“to have been able”是动词不定式的完成时， 表示在谓语动作发生前发生或存在。
①The book is said to have been translated into many languages.　据说这本书被译成了很多种语言。
②He is very sad to have__lost(lose) four bikes in less than one year.
他因不到一年就丢了四辆自行车而感到很伤心。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
是我们快要回家的时候， 我才意识到了帮助有困难的人感觉多么美妙！
It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to__have__helped__someone__in__trouble．
(教材P50)As you know, the UN touches the lives of people everywhere.
正如你们所知， 联合国触及世界各地人们的生活。

该句中as是一个关系代词， 引导一个非限制性定语从句， 意思为“正如……的”。
as引导的非限制性定语从句在句中的位置比较灵活， 句首、 句中及主句后均可以。 还可以用来引导限制性定语从句， 修饰由the same, such 等修饰的先行词。 　
对比： (教材P50)I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations, or the UN, as it is more often referred to.

我很高兴今天有机会跟大家谈谈联合国， 联合国也叫UN——这个名称更常用。
as it is more often referred to是as作为连词引导的方式状语从句， 意为“像……一样”， 不要把它看作非限制性定语从句。 本句是被动语态， referred to 的逻辑宾语即主语。 所以as在句中只起连接作用， 不作任何成分。 　
①When at Rome, do as the Romans do.　
入乡随俗。
②Remember, you must do everything as I do.
记住， 你们务必照我的样子去做每件事。
③As is well known to us all, the earth goes around the sun.
＝It is well known to us all that the earth goes around the sun.
＝What is well known to us all is that the earth goes around the sun.
众所周知， 地球围着太阳转。

品句填词
1．The earthquake victims are in ____________(紧急的) need of medical supplies.
答案：urgent
2．After three days without food, he was close to ____________(饥饿)．
答案：starvation
3．After she retired, she did a lot of ____________(志愿的) work for the Red Cross.
答案：voluntary
4．Mr.Johnson insisted that the problem of ____________(有价值的) attention should be discussed at the meeting.
答案：worthy
5．The discovery shows that Westerners pay ____________(同等的)attention to the eyes and the mouth.
答案：equal
6．There is no doubt that ____________(缺乏) exercise is a serious problem among the students of our country.
答案：lacking
7．The Nobel Prize is awarded to those who make great ____________(贡献) in many fields every year.
答案：contributions
8．The industry has just gone through a period of rapid ____________(扩大)．
答案：expansion
9．If we find those materials interesting, we’ll focus our ____________(注意力) on them for long.
答案：attention
10．If you don’t know what book to get, ____________(查看) to the list on Page 3.
答案： refer
单句改错
1．Though lack money, we still want to put the idea into practice.____________________
答案：lack→lacking
2．This article is well worth reading, but it is not worth of being translated.____________________
答案：第二个worth→worthy
3．You could also visit equal interesting but less known places instead.____________________
答案：equal→equally
4．I am sure your suggestion will contribute to solve the problem.____________________
答案：solve→solving
5．I can’t go out with you tonight because I have a urgent thing to attend to.____________________
答案：a→an
完成句子
1．解释是没有必要的。
____________________ to explain it.
答案：There is no need
2．你认为这水喝起来安全吗？
Do you think the water ____________________ ?
答案：is safe to drink
3．能够和这些才华横溢的人工作我感到很骄傲。
I’m proud ________________________ to work with such talented people.
答案：to have been able
4．正如今天报纸上宣布的， 所有学校将在九月一日重新开放。
____________________ in today’s newspapers, all the schools will reopen on September 1st.
答案：As is announced
5．恰好那时房里没有人。
____________________________ no one in the house.
答案：There happened to be
课文语法填空
The UN, 1.____________ which 192 countries belong, is an international organization set up in 1945.I am very happy to have been chosen 2.____________(be) a Goodwill Ambassador, 3.____________ makes me feel 4.____________(honour)．The UN touches the lives of people everywhere with 5.____________(borrow) armies, 6.____________(assist) the victims of wars and disasters.Besides, the UN helps protect human rights and works to improve international laws.
My job with the UN is not paid, that is to say, voluntary.I visit countries where the UN has programmes 7.____________(help) people.While in South Africa, I met some women, 8.____________ had enough money 9.____________(collect) by themselves and contributed by the government to buy materials to make baskets.Apart from those problems, the UN helps countries with other problems such as lack 10.____________ education, starvation, disasters, AIDS and other diseases.
答案：1.to　2.to be　3.which　4.honoured　5.borrowed
6．assisting　7.to help　8.who　9.collected　10.of

A卷
单句语法填空
1．According to the survey, three in ten drivers have experienced an accident for lack ____________ concentration while driving.
答案：of
2．The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ____________(refer) to his notes.
答案：referring
3．Don’t call me unless there are some ____________(urge) matters.
答案：urgent
4．Based ____________ the agreement, all payments shall be made by the end of the month.
答案：on
5．Only by focusing your attention ____________ what you are learning can you learn it well.
答案：on
6．Do you think the novel is ____________(worth) of being read?
答案：worthy
7．Of all the feelings, bodily pain is the most difficult ____________(explain)．
答案：to explain
8．A medical team ____________(make) up of four doctors and ten nurses had been sent to that area.
答案：made
9．We should do our work well to make ____________(contribute) to our future, our society and our nation.
答案：contributions
10．Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be ____________ (equal) respected.
答案：equally
阅读理解

Sometimes people call each other
“scared?cat”. But have you ever thought about this expression? When a cat is frightened, its heart starts beating faster，its muscles get tense and there are changes in the chemicals in its bloodstream.Although the cat doesn’t realize this, its body is getting ready for action. If the danger continues，the animal will do one of two things.It will protect itself，or it will run away as fast as it can.
Something like this also happens to people. When we are excited, angry or scared by other feelings，our bodies go through many physical changes.Our hearts beat faster，and our muscles get tense.All of these changes make us more alert and ready to react.We，too，get ready to defend ourselves or run.
Human beings, however，have a problem that animals never face.If we give way to our feelings and let them take over，we can get into trouble.Have you ever said something in anger or hit somebody and regretted it later? Have you ever shouted at a teacher，told somebody you were lonely，or said you were in love，and then wished later you had kept your mouth shut? It isn’t always clever to express your feelings freely.
Does this mean that it’s smarter to always hide our feelings? No! If you keep feelings of anger，sadness hidden away or bottled up inside，your body stays tense.Physical illness can develop, and you can feel disturbed badly inside.It can actually be bad for your health.It isn’t good to keep pleasant feelings inside either; all feelings need to be expressed.
Feelings that you keep all bottled up inside don’t just go away.It’s as if you bought some bananas and put them in a cupboard.You might not be able to see them，but before long you’d smell them.And if you opened the cupboard，chances are that you’d see little fruit flies flying all over them.They are bad.
You can try to treat feelings as if they were bananas in the cupboard.You can hide them and you can pretend they don’t exist，but they’ll still be around. And at last you’ll have to deal with them, just like those bananas.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，由猫面对害怕而表现出的行为引出人类有同样遭遇时的表现，但人类不能控制感情的时候会陷入困境。由此，作者告诉我们应该以一种明智而恰当的方式对待这种情况，即合理地表达感受。
1．When people and animals are aroused by fear，________．
A．they feel very regretful immediately
B．their muscles get neither tense nor relaxed
C．their hearts beat either faster or slower
D．they may get ready to attack or run away
D　解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“If the danger continues, the animal will... as fast as it can.”及第二段中的“We, too, get ready to defend ourselves or run.”可知，当人或动物产生恐惧心理时，他们会自卫或逃跑。
2．Why do human beings get into trouble according to the passage?
A．They are usually not as alert as animals.
B．They sometimes can’t control their feelings.
C．They always do something wrong to other people.
D．They don’t pay attention to their physical changes.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If we give way to our feelings and let them take over，we can get into trouble.”可知，人们陷入困境是因为他们有时不能控制自己的感情，因此选B。
3．What can we infer from the passage?
A．Holding in your feelings may lead to unpleasant results.
B．Bananas stay fresh longer when they are in a cupboard.
C．Feelings will gradually disappear when you hold them
in.
D．It’s good for your health to keep pleasant feelings inside.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“If you keep feelings of anger...It can actually be bad for your health.”可知，把感情隐藏在内心会导致不好的结果。
4．What is the purpose of this passage?
A．To tell us that people’s feelings are like bananas in a cupboard.
B．To give us some advice on how to express our feelings.
C．To help us deal with feelings in a wise and proper way.
D．To prove that it isn’t always wise to express our feelings freely.
C　解析：写作意图题。通读全文可知，这篇文章的目的是帮助我们明智而恰当地处理我们的感情。
完形填空
Whenever we hear about “the homeless”， most of us think of the developing world.But the __1__ is that homelessness is everywhere.For example, how many of us would expect to see people living on the streets of a __2__ country like Germany?
Kurt Muller and his wife Rita have spent eleven years making __3__ for the homeless of Berlin, Germany’s capital.They first __4__ one long hot summer when most Germans were __5__on holiday.Kurt and his wife stayed at home, made sandwiches, __6__ a table in the street and gave food to the homeless.
The Mullers soon realized that food and clothing weren’t __7__．“What these people also need is warmth and __8__，” says Rita.The Mullers didn’t __9__ to give their phone number to the street people and told them to phone anytime.Rita __10__ there was somebody at home to answer the phone and their home was always __11__ to anyone who couldn’t face another night on the street.
The couple were soon __12__ all their money, so Kurt visited food and clothing companies to __13__ donations.Today, over thirty companies __14__ donate food and other goods to the cause and volunteers help to __15__ them to the homeless.The public also give clothes and money and a shoe producer __16__ new shoes.
Kurt and Rita receive no __17__ for their hard work.“We feel like parents，” says Rita，“and parents shouldn’t __18__ money for helping their children.The love we get on the streets is our salary.” Though Rita admits she often gets __19__， she says she will continue with her work because she likes the feeling of having made a __20__ in the world.
1．A.result B．truth
C．reason D．idea
B　解析： 很多人认为， 无家可归者都在发展中国家。 事实上， 无家可归者无处不在。 很显然， 这里描述的是一个客观的事实， 所以用truth。 result结果； reason原因； idea 想法， 观点。
2．A.traditional B．developing
C．typical D．wealthy
D　解析： 对应上文以及常识可知， 发展中国家相比发达国家是贫穷的， 而德国是发达国家， 所以应该选D, 意为“富裕的”。 traditional传统的； developing发展的； typical典型的。
3．A.preparations B．houses
C．meals D．suggestions
C　解析： 句意： Kurt Muller和他的妻子Rita花了 11年时间为德国首都柏林那些无家可归的人做饭。 本段最后一句也有提示。 make meals做饭。
4．A.began B．met
C．called D．left
A　解析： 根据下文“他们待在家里为无家可归的人做三明治” 和本句中的first看出， 此处是“开始”的意思。 meet遇见； call叫； leave离开。 这三个词与one long hot summer 不搭配。 故选A。
5．A.asleep B．alone
C．across D．away
D　解析： be away on holiday外出度假。 asleep睡着的； alone 单独的； across穿过。
6．A.brought up B．set up
C．put aside D．gave away
B　解析： set up a table摆桌子。 句意： Kurt和他妻子待在家里， 做三明治， 在街上摆一张桌子， 给那些无家可归的人提供食物。 bring up抚养； put aside储存； give away泄露， 分发。
7．A.enough B．necessary
C．helpful D．expensive
A　解析： 由下文的“What these people also need is warmth and...”可以看出， 这里表达的意思是： Muller夫妇意识到仅仅为这些无家可归者提供食物和衣服是不够的， 他们还需要温暖和关心。 所以选enough (足够的)。
8．A.fame B．freedom
C．courage D．caring
D　解析： fame名誉， 名声； freedom自由； courage勇气； caring 关心， 关爱。 该空要根据连词and和其所连接的warmth 判断。 “温暖”和“关爱”并列， 故选D。
9．A.hesitate B．agree
C．pretend D．intend
A　解析： Muller夫妇毫不犹豫地把他们的电话号码给街上的人们， 并告诉他们在任何时候都可以给他们打电话。 don’t hesitate to do sth.意为“毫不犹豫做某事”， 符合语境。 agree同意； pretend假装； intend打算。
10．A.made sense B．found out
C．made sure D．worked out
C　解析： make sure确保。 这里表达的是这对夫妇为无家可归者服务时的真诚。 句意： Rita确保家里有人接(无家可归者打来的)电话， 并且他们的家门总是为无处过夜的人敞开着。 make sense有意义； find out发现； work out计算出。
11．A.open B．crowded
C．noisy D．near
A　解析： open开着的； crowded拥挤的； noisy嘈杂的； near附近的。 故选A项。
12．A.costing B．wasting
C．taking D．spending
D　解析： 句中宾语为all their money, 故用spend, 意为“花费”。
13．A.pay for B．ask for
C．look into D．carry out
B　解析： 由于这对夫妇花完了所有的钱， 因此Kurt拜访了一些食品和服装公司， 请求他们的捐助。 后面的donations 也是提示。 pay for为……付款； ask for请求， 要求； look into调查； carry out执行。 只有B项符合题意。
14．A.completely B．calmly
C．regularly D．roughly
C　解析： 如今， 有三十多个公司定期为之捐赠食物和其他的物品。 四个选项中只有regularly (定期地) 符合语境。 completely完全地； calmly平静地； roughly差不多， 大致。
15．A.advertise B．sell
C．deliver D．lend
C　解析： deliver传送， 交付。 此处指由志愿者把所捐赠的食物和物品分发给无家可归的人。 advertise做广告； sell 卖； lend借。
16．A.donates B．produces
C．designs D．collects
A　解析： 句意： 人们还把衣服和钱送给他们， 并且一家制鞋商捐赠了新鞋子。 故选donate, 意为“捐助”。produce生产； design设计； collect搜集。
17．A.permission B．payment
C．direction D．support
B　解析： payment报酬。 由下文Rita所说的话可知， 这里表达的意思是： Kurt和Rita乐于助人， 辛勤劳动， 不求任何回报。 permission允许； direction方向； support支持。
18．A.borrow B．raise
C．save D．expect
D　解析： 他们把无家可归的人当作自己的孩子， 把自己当作他们的父母， 而父母不应该希望通过帮助自己的孩子来赚钱。 故选D。borrow借； raise筹集； save节约。
19．A.surprised B．excited
C．tired D．amused
C　解析： 尽管Rita承认自己经常感到疲劳， 但是她愿意继续她的工作。 从上文中Kurt和Rita为那些无家可归的人所做的一切可知， 他们付出很多， 所以她一定很劳累。 根据语境选C项。
20．A.profit B．difference
C．decision D．rule
B　解析： 他们的行为已经使受助者的生活发生了变化。 make a difference“有影响， 产生变化”， 符合题意。
B卷
阅读理解
A

Sometimes the real world can be a confusing place. It is not always fair or kind. And in the real world there are not always happy endings. That is why, every once in a while, we like to escape into the world of fantasy—a place where things always go our way and there is always a happy ending.
We want to believe in fantastic creatures in imaginary lands. We want to believe in magic powers, good friends, and the power of good to overcome evil. We all fantasize about being able to fly and lift buildings off the ground. And how good a magic sword would feel in our hand as we go off to kill a dragon or win the hand of a beautiful princess(公主)．
The amazing adventures of Superman, Peter Pan and Harry Potter have charmed many people, children and adults alike. The main reason is that these stories offer us chances to get away from this real, frustrating world and allow us to find some magical solutions to our problems. For example, Superman always arrives in the nick of time to prevent a disaster from happening, Peter Pan can fly at will to tease the bad guy Captain Hook, and Harry Potter has this magic power to take revenge on his uncle, aunt and cousin, who always ill?treat him.
1．The characters like Superman, Peter Pan and Harry Potter are very popular because________．
A．they do not exist in the real world
B．they can help people to find what they really want
C．they hold the ability to solve some problems which people in the real world can’t
D．they are brave and strong
C　解析：由最后一段中“The main reason is that these stories... our problems.”可以得出答案。
2．The first sentence“The amazing adventures... have charmed many people, children and adults alike.”in the third paragraph means“________”．
A．In the adventures, adults act like children.
B．Both children and adults like the amazing adventures.
C．Many people take adventure in the stories.
D．In the adventures, adults like children very much.
B　解析：句意：这些令人惊异的冒险让很多人着迷，大人、孩子都是。由此可知正确答案为B项。其他各项不符合句子意思。
3．The underlined word“frustrating”in the third paragraph means“________”．
A．charming　 B．colorful
C．attractive D．disappointing
D　解析：由句中单词problems可知应为disappointing，其他各项都是褒义词。
B

The younger generation, according to a new survey, can hardly remember the last time of climbing trees or flying kites, as they are kept indoors and short of outdoor experiences.
The survey of 1，000 people found that the current generation of 15?to 34?year?olds have fewer memories of 12 key countryside activities such as swimming in rivers or going fishing.
The research found that three quarters of the older generation remembered playing games or climbing trees, compared with two thirds of younger adults.
The 55＋generation also had more memories of collecting stones, visiting a farm or pond dipping.Altogether, two thirds of older people had more memories of playing outdoors compared to just over half of the younger generation.
The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) carried out the study at the start of the school term to stress the growing worry that children are not getting outdoors enough.
The study has found that 82 percent of people think that schools should provide more outdoor education and most believe nature is still important to children today.
Dr.Mike Clarke, head of the RSPB, said children who are usually kept indoors are easier to get “nature deficit disorder”．He said public money should be used to take children on day trips to nature and to build wildlife gardens, especially in poor areas.
“To many people, it would seem clear and unquestionable that an important part of childhood is exploring the world around you.Unfortunately, this is far from the fact and the children are having less time and fewer chances to get close to nature，” he said.
“The RSPB has more than a 40?year history in getting children outdoors and is still continuing to play our role.We now need the government and the schools to realize that they should play the most important role in making it possible for all the children to experience, enjoy and benefit from the outdoor environment.”
【解题导语】　本文主要讲述了一种社会现象，年轻的一代越来越少接触大自然了，RSPB在这方面的研究显示我们需要提供更多的机会让孩子们接触自然，并且RSPB也起到了很重要的作用。
4．Compared with the current generation, the older generation had ________．
A．more homework and exercises when they were children
B．more memories of wonderful life in the countryside
C．fewer memories of taking part in outdoor activities
D．fewer chances of going on a visit to the big cities
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段The survey of 1，000 people found that the current generation of 15?to 34?year?olds have fewer memories of 12 key countryside activities such as swimming in rivers or going fishing.可知，现在的年轻一代与老一辈人相比，对乡村活动的记忆更好，所以老一辈人更多的记得乡村生活，故选B。
5．The RSPB carried out the study in order to tell people to ________．
A．spend more time with their kids
B．care more about the kids’ growth
C．let their kids get more outdoor activities
D．order the schools to provide outdoor education
C　解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段中The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds(RSPB) carried out the study at the start of the school term to stress the growing worry that children are not getting outdoors enough.可知，RSPB进行研究是为了强调现在孩子们室外运动的不足，让孩子们更多的进行室外活动，故选C。
6．According to the paragraph 7, “nature deficit disorder” often happens to ________．
A．children who often stay indoors
B．children who often go outdoors
C．all the younger generation
D．all the older generation
A　解析：细节理解题。根据本段的children who are usually kept indoors are easier to get “nature deficit disorder”可知，长期待在室内的孩子更容易得“自然缺失症”，故选A。
7．We can learn from Dr.Clarke’s words in the last paragraph that ________．
A．all the children can’t get close to nature and aren’t healthy any longer
B．outdoor activities are the most important for the current generation
C．the RSPB is more important than the government and schools in getting kids outdoors
D．the RSPB plays an important role in getting kids outdoors all the time
D　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，RSPB在建议孩子更多接触自然方面起着很大的作用，故选D。
七选五
What Teenagers Can Do to Earn More Respect
As teenagers continue to grow and develop into young adults, the transition(过渡) into adulthood has begun.With so many physical and emotional changes going on, certain manners are often forgotten and other adult traits are not yet accepted as a way of life.1.________By doing the following things, you will earn more respect.
?Contribute to the household
At the very least, clean up after yourself.As a teenager, you are old enough to clean up after yourself.When you make a mess, clean it up.2.________ All chores that you do help to reduce the load of the person who did them before.Now that you’re old enough and capable, why shouldn’t you contribute to the household？3.________
?Be responsible
4．________ Whether they are basic things, like brushing your teeth or doing your homework, or more involved chores that contribute to the household, simply fulfill your responsibilities on time.When adults know that they can rely on you, their trust and respect for you will increase.
?Solve more of your own problem without asking for help
Instead of taking the easy approach and asking for help, make an effort to solve your problems on your own first.The “easy way” is only easy for you, but it is an extra task for the person from whom you are seeking help.Seek help only after you have made an honest effort to solve your own problems.5.________ When you become a good problem solver, you increase your value to the community.
A．The people doing the chores before will greatly appreciate the help.
B．It will make your life more pleasant.
C．This includes, but is not limited to，your dishes and your room.
D．When speaking to a group, speak loud enough.
E．Everyone has certain responsibilities.
F．By being aware of these manners and traits, you can manage them sooner.
G．Depending on the problem，15 minutes of effort is usually a good guideline.
【解题导语】　本文介绍了青少年做什么来获得更多的尊重。
1．F　解析：根据上文的certain manners are often forgotten and other adult traits are not yet accepted as a way of life可知，有些礼仪经常会被忘记，所以此处应该是提示了解并记住这些礼仪的意义。其中manners 和traits是提示词。
2．C　解析：根据上文的When you make a mess, clean it up.可知，家里乱七八糟时，要打扫干净。所以此处应该是说的包括哪些内容，与C项吻合。
3．A　解析：根据上文的Now that you’re old enough and capable, why shouldn’t you contribute to the household？可知，青少年应该帮着做家务了，此处应该是说这样做的好处，与A项吻合。
4．E　解析：根据此处的提示：Be responsible可知，此处意为：每个人都有责任。Responsible与responsibilities是提示词。
5．G　解析：根据上文的Seek help only after you have made an honest effort to solve your own problems.可知，此处是关于自己解决问题的， 与G项吻合。
短文改错
I happen to meet some American tourists at gate of the Summer Palace last week. I greeted them with English and then we began to chat. I got to know they were college student traveling in China. Most of us were fond of Chinese medicine. They were busy taking pictures and were surprising at the changes that had taken place in the past few years. After that, we went boat and had a good time. We were exchanged our e?mail addresses such that we could write to each other in the future. They thanked me again and again. I was gladly to have a chance to practice my oral English.
答案：
I to meet some American tourists at gate of the Summer Palace last week. I greeted them English and then we began to chat. I got to know they were college traveling in China. Most of were fond of Chinese medicine. They were busy taking pictures and were at the changes that had taken place in the past few years. After that, we went and had a good time. We exchanged our e?mail addresses that we could write to each other in the future. They thanked me again and again. I was to have a chance to practice my oral English.







PAGE



25



(共47张PPT)
Unit 4　Helping people around the world
Section Ⅱ　Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language Points
本部分内容讲解结束
按ESC键退出全屏播放
要点透析·讲练互动
名师解疑·精讲精练






Section Ⅲ　Word power, Task & Project




1. alternative adj. 可供替代的
n. 可供选择的事物
2. remote adj. 偏远的， 偏僻的
3. primitive adj. 原始的
4. obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得； 赢得
5. colleague n. 同事
6. vacant adj. 空着的， 未被占用的； (职位)空缺的
7. shelter n. 住所； 藏身之处
8. barrier n. 障碍， 隔阂； 屏障， 障碍物

9．possession n．个人财产； 拥有，具有→possess vt.拥有；持有；支配
10．mountainous adj.多山的→mountain n．大量；山；山脉；高山
11．troublesome adj.麻烦的， 讨厌的，棘手的→trouble n．困难；烦恼 v．使烦恼；麻烦
12．commitment n．承诺， 保证；投入，奉献；不得不做的事→commit v．犯罪；承诺；委托
13．assistant n．助理， 助手 adj.助理的， 副的→assist vt.帮助；协助vi.帮助；出席n.帮助；协助；助攻
14．muddy adj.多泥的， 泥泞的→mud n．泥；泥浆；诽谤vt.弄脏；抹泥
15．crowd n．人群vi.&vt.挤满， 塞满， 使拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的

1. if__only 但愿
2. break__down 出故障； 抛锚
3. in__chaos 处于混乱状态
4. get__hold__of 得到； 抓住
5. remind__somebody__of 让某人想起……， 提醒某人……
6. think__back__to 回想
7. make__a__difference 有作用(关系、 影响)
8. hope__for 希望……
9. be__limited__to 局限于
10. in__a__mess 乱七八糟

1．If only...但愿……
If__only__I__were a Goodwill Ambassador!
要是我是一名亲善大使就好了！
2．would rather＋从句
I would__rather__you__hadn’t__told me about it.
我宁愿你没有告诉过我这件事。
3．动词不定式作结果状语
Arrived here to__find__everything__was__in__chaos．
来到这儿后却发现一切都是乱糟糟的。
4．as引导倒装句
The situation is very different here, as__are__the__problems．
这里的情形很不一样， 存在的问题也不同。
5．v.?ing形式表示结果
...there is mud and water everywhere, making__it__difficult__to__travel__from__place__to__place．
……到处一片泥泞， 使得从一个地方到另一个地方的旅行变得很困难。

Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A．Sometimes the nurse is so busy that she hardly has any time to write her diary.
B．They have set up a temporary clinic in a vacant health center on the north side of the town to help the local people.
C．The author’s job is more than a nurse.
D．The problems the nurse is facing now are caused by floods.
2．Doctors without Borders and nurses help people by ________．
A．listening to and comforting others
B．burying the dead bodies as quickly as possible to stop disease spreading
C．checking the health of babies to ensure they were putting on weight
D．all the above
3．How do they communicate with the local people when helping them?
A．By speaking the local people’s language.
B．By singing or dancing.
C．By speaking English or French or using acting skills.
D．Just by body languages.
4．How do you think the writer feels about her job?
A．Terrible. B．Worthwhile.
C．Difficult. D．Unbearable.
答案： 1－4.BDCB



Changing the world—my commitment①
20 October
Arrived here to find everything was in chaos②.Have not had time to write③ my diary for a whole week.The whole island is flooded④.Many of the people have fled to⑤ the mountains to escape.The hospital is badly damaged and in a mess⑥；it cannot be used at the moment⑦.This is a new experience for me.Usually, I am working in areas that have dry climates⑧， such as Kenya and Sudan.In Sudan, we set up centres to ensure that people got food, and we checked the health of babies to make sure ⑨ they were putting on weight ⑩.We also gave children shots?to stop them dying?from?diseases.However, that campaign was conducted?in villages where there was lots of fighting?， far from the city.Running from one place to another?became a way of life.The situation is very different here, as are the problems?.Instead of?sand blowing everywhere?， there is mud and water everywhere, making it difficult to travel from place to place?.
①commitment [k?'mItm?nt]n.承诺，保证；投入，奉献；不得不做的事
②in chaos 处于混乱状态　chaos['keI?s]n.混乱，杂乱，紊乱
③have time to do sth.有时间做某事
④flood vt.淹没
⑤flee to/into逃往
⑥in a mess 杂乱不堪
⑦at the moment 此时，此刻
⑧that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词areas。
⑨make sure 确保，保证
⑩put on weight 增加体重
?shot n．注射
?stop sb.(from) doing sth.阻止某人做某事
?die from 死于……，通常指死于外部因素(如事故、地震、雷击等)；die of 通常指死于内因(主要指疾病、感情、饥寒、衰老)。
?conduct vt.实施，执行
?where引导定语从句，修饰先行词villages。
?Running from one place to another 为动名词短语作主语。
?as 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。
?instead of 代替，而不是
?现在分词短语blowing everywhere 作后置定语修饰sand。
?from place to place 从一个地方到另一个地方
现在分词短语 making it difficult...place 作结果状语，其中 it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是 to travel...。

改变世界——我的承诺
10月20日
来到这儿后却发现一切都是乱糟糟的。已经整整一周时间抽不出空写日记了。整个岛屿都遭遇了洪水的侵袭，许多人为躲避(洪水)都逃到山上去了。医院严重被毁，已是一片狼藉；此时已无法使用了。这一切对我来说是一种新体验。通常情况下，我都是在那些气候干燥的地区工作，如肯尼亚和苏丹。在苏丹，我们设立中心站，确保人们能够得到食物，我们还检查婴儿的健康状况，确保婴儿的体重有所增加。我们还给孩子们打针，让他们不致死于疾病。然而，那次活动是在战乱频繁的乡村进行的，那儿远离城市。辗转奔波成了一种生活方式。这里的情形很不一样，存在的问题也不同。这里没有沙尘飞扬，到处一片泥泞，使得从一个地方到另一个地方的旅行变得很困难。
Yesterday，my colleagueson the medical team and I (two doctors, one nurse—me—and two assistants )found a vacanthealth centre on the north side of the town.We are going to set up a temporaryclinic there.Medical suppliesare now on their way from abroad.We have started to clean the health centre.One of the health problems is that people who need to take medicines regularly cannot get hold ofthem in a disaster such as this.Small injuries also need to be taken care of, especially as it is so muddyand damp.The majorityof wounds are from walls and roofs that have fallen on people.The water makes it difficult for the cuts and wounds to get better and easyfor bacteriato spread.Meanwhile， in the rest of the city, shelterand access tofood and clean water are big problems.The fields and harvest have been destroyed, and so a lack offood will be a problem in the future.
colleague ['k?li?ɡ]n.同事
assistant[?'sIst?nt] n．助理，助手 adj.助理的，副的
vacant['veIk?nt]adj.空着的，未被占用的；(职位)空缺的
temporary adj.临时的，暂时的 permanent adj.永久的
medical supplies 医疗设备和药品
get hold of 得到；抓住
that 引导表语从句，其中含有who引导的定语从句。
muddy['m?dI]adj.多泥的，泥泞的
damp[d?mp]adj.潮湿的
majority n．大多数　“the majority of ＋可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
“make＋形式宾语＋宾补＋真正宾语”结构。
bacteria[b?k'tI?rI?]n.(pl.)细菌　单数：bacterium
meanwhile＝in the meanwhile＝meantime＝in the meantime 与此同时，在此期间
shelter['?elt?(r)]n.住所；藏身之处
access to 使用，使用权
a lack of ……的缺乏

昨天，医疗队里的同事和我(两名医生，作为护士的我，还有两名助手)在城市的北面发现了一个空着的医疗中心。我们准备在那里设立一个临时诊所。来自海外的医疗设备和药品现在正在运输途中。我们已经开始清理这个医疗中心。有关健康的问题之一是，在像这样的灾难中，那些需要定期服药的病人无法得到药品。轻微伤口也需要予以治疗，特别是在这样泥泞潮湿的情况下。大多数病人的伤口是由墙壁和屋顶坍塌导致的。洪水使得伤口难以愈合，细菌容易扩散。同时，在这座城市的其他地区，住所、食物和干净水的供给都是大问题。土地和庄稼都被毁了，所以，食物缺乏会成为将来的一个问题。
Food has started to arrive, but this is a problem as people have started to worry that they will not get enough.This morning, there were fights as crowdsof people tried to get food.It remindedme of my time in Sudan，where several Doctors without Borders staffwere attacked as people tried to get the food.
One good thing here is that many people can speak English or French.This makes it easier to communicateand find out about people’s problems.When you can’t speak the same language, it is sometimes very difficult to find out what is wrong with someone.However, my acting skillsare very good, so I can still communicate with people, even when there is a language barrierand no interpreteraround.It seems thatmany people here just need to talk, so I am finding that my job is not limited tobeing a nurse.It is also being a person who can listen to and comfortothers.
as 引导原因状语从句，其中又包含一个 that 引导的宾语从句。
crowd[kra?d]n.人群 vi.& vt.挤满，塞满，使拥挤
a crowd of 一群(人)
remind [rI'maInd]vt.提醒，使想起
remind somebody of 让某人想起……，提醒某人……
staff[stɑ?f]n.全体员工，作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数形式，也可以用复数形式。
communicate v．沟通，传达
communicate with sb.与某人交流
it is...someone 中， it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。
acting skills 表演技能
barrier ['b?rI?(r)]n.障碍， 隔阂；屏障，障碍物
interpreter[In't??prIt?(r)]n.口译工作者，口译译员
It seems that...似乎……，好像……
be limited to 被限制在……范围内
comfort n．& vt.安慰　who引导定语从句，修饰 person。

食品已经开始陆续到达，但这是一个问题，因为人们开始担心自己得不到足够的食品。今天上午，几群人由于争抢食品发生了好几次打斗。这使我想起了在苏丹的那段时间，因为人们争抢食物，几名无国界医生组织的工作人员受到了攻击。
在这里的一个好处是很多人都会说英语或法语。这让彼此之间的交流变得较容易，也易于弄清他们的问题。当你和当地人不能说同一种语言时，你有时就很难弄清对方的问题。不过，我的表演技能很好，所以，即使在有语言障碍和周围没有口译译员的情况下，我还是能够同当地人进行交流。在这里，很多人似乎只是需要交谈，所以，我发现我的工作不仅仅是做护士了，我还是一个聆听别人倾诉和安慰别人的人。
It is quite horrible to imagine losingeverything, includingsome of your family. Our first job here was to try to organize a place to bury the people who were killed.We needed to do this as soon as possible to stop disease spreading.That was a really horrible job and I felt so sorry fortheir relatives.
When I think back toall the experiences that I have had around the world since joining Doctors without Borders, I feel that I have been very lucky to be able to help others and do something worthwhile.Now I must think about tomorrow.We hope the clinic will be open and then I won’t have any time to write my diary.This experience makes me appreciateall the things I haveand gives me the chance to see things from another angle.I know I can’t change the whole world, but I’m proud that I can help here and there， and make a differenceto people’s lives.
imagine doing sth.想象做某事
including prep.包括
including sb./sth.＝sb./sth.included
it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 to imagine...。
as soon as possible 尽可能快地
feel sorry for...为……感到难过
think back to 回想
something worthwhile 值得做的事情。形容词修饰不定代词时要后置。
appreciate vt. 感激
I have 是 the things 的定语从句。
angle ['??ɡl]n.角度
I’m proud that...中，that 引导宾语从句。
make a difference有作用(关系，影响)
make no difference没有影响，没有作用

想象一下，失去一切，包括你的一些家人，是非常可怕的。我们到这里做的第一件事就是尽力找个地方去埋葬那些死去的人。我们需要尽快掩埋那些尸体以阻止疾病的传播。那真是一项可怕的工作，我为那些死者的亲属感到非常难过。
回想起我加入无国界医生组织以来在世界各地的所有经历，我觉得自己非常幸运，能够帮助别人做一些有价值的事情。现在，我必须考虑明天的事了。我们希望诊所开张，那我就没有时间记日记了。这里的经历让我感激我所拥有的一切，给了我一个从另外的角度看事物的机会。我知道我无法改变整个世界，但我很自豪，因为我能处处给人们提供帮助，改变他们的生活。


alternative　adj.选其一的； 可供替代的
n．(两者或两者以上)选择； 替代物； 可供选择的事物
(教材P57)If I had taken an alternative path and had studied medicine, I would have a lot of medical knowledge.　要是我选择了学医这条路， 我现在就有丰富的医学方面的经验了。

(1)have no alternative but to do sth.
别无选择只好做某事
there’s no alternative... ……别无选择
an alternative to... ……的替代品
(2)alternatively adv. 可供选择地
①You have the alternative of riding or walking.
你可以在坐车和步行中选择一种。
②I have no alternative but__to__accept the offer.
我除了接受该项提议之外， 别无选择。

“别无选择只好做……”的其他表达形式：
(1)have no choice but to__do__sth.
(2)can’t do sth.but do__sth.
(3)can do nothing but do__sth.
possession　n．个人财产；拥有，具有， 占有， 所有；[pl.]财产
(经典例句)The ring is one of her most treasured possessions.　这只戒指是她最珍贵的财产之一。

(1)be in possession of sth.　　拥有/占有某物
为某人所有；归某人所有
(2)possess vt. 拥有，占有
be possessed of 有；拥有　
It’s not wishing for what we don’t have，but enjoying what we do possess.
不要期望得到我们没有的东西，而要知足常乐。

in possession of表示主动，其主语通常是人，意为“占有……”；in the possession of表示被动，其主语通常是物，意为“被……占有”。有类似用法的常见单词还有：in charge of负责；in the charge of 由……负责。

[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
(1) Technical progress would put our firm in possession(possess) of the home market.
(2)Having been cheated by that company，he lost all his possessions(possess)．
(3)You can’t possess of the house until all the papers have been signed. 去掉possess后的of
[能力提升]——句型转换
As far as I know, a young man will possess the big company after the old general manager retires.
→(4)As far as I know, a young man will be__in__possession__of the big company after the old general manager retires.
→(5)As far as I know, a young man will take/have__possession__of the big company after the old general manager retires.
→(6)As far as I know, the big company will be__in__the__possession__of a young man after the old general manager retires.
means　n．方法； 手段(单复数同形)
(教材P59)Health care is limited as there are no doctors or nurses in the villages—no one has the means to pay them.
医疗条件有限， 因为在村里没有医生和护士——没有人能够付钱给他们。

用这种/那种方法
by no means 决不； 一点也不(位于句首时， 句子用部分倒装)
by means of 通过； 借助于； 用
by all means 务必， 不惜一切地； (用于交际英语表示同意) 当然可以， 没问题　
①The aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means.
这位设计者的目的是通过最有效的方式来找出解决这些问题的方法。
②Thoughts can be expressed by means of music.
思想可以借助音乐来表达。
③By__no__means was he satisfied with the job and he asked us to finish the task by__all__means.
他对目前的工作一点也不满意， 要求我们务必完成任务。

means 是一个单复数同形的名词， 常与主谓一致结合起来进行考查。 means 作主语时， 前有every, each, one 等修饰语时， 谓语用单数； 前有several, some, many, few, all等修饰语时， 谓语用复数。

[基础练习]——单句改错
(1)All means were helpful, but unfortunately not a means have worked so far.have→has
(2)—May I have a look at your new pen, Tom?
—By no means.It’s great to share.no→all
[能力提升]——一句多译
此外， 惩罚绝不是一个能帮助他们在精神上和身体上健康成长的明智选择。
(3)Furthermore, punishment is__by__no__means__a__wise__choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.
(4)Furthermore, by__no__means__is__punishment__a__wise__choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.(倒装)
obtain　vt.(经过计划、 努力等)得到；(尤指经努力) 获得； 达到；赢
(教材P59)The trees around the villages are gone, so people have to walk further and further away to obtain wood for cooking and heating.
村庄附近的树正在消失， 因此人们得走越来越远的路获取木材， 用来烧饭或者取暖。

obtain sth.from sth.　 从……得到……
obtain...through... 通过……得到……
be obtained 得到……　
①In that situation information is not easily obtained by any other means.
在那种情况下， 信息不容易运用其他手段获得。
②Some of the salt that we use is__obtained__from sea.
我们用的盐有些是从海水中提取的。
③You can obtain knowledge through practice.
你可以从实践中获得知识。
break down　(车、 机器)出故障； (计划、 谈判等)失败； (身体、 精神)崩溃； 分解
(教材P59)However, if the pump breaks down, repairing it can be troublesome, as an engineer has to come from the nearest town to repair it.　要是水泵坏了， 修理它将会很麻烦， 因为工程师得从最近的一个镇上赶来修理。
[一词多义]——写出下列句中break down的含义
(1) He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the air?conditioning system broke down. (机器)出故障
(2)(朗文辞典)If Tim carries on working like this, he’ll break down sooner or later.(身体)垮掉
(3) To understand the grammar of the sentence，you must break it down into parts.分解
(4) The two countries are going to meet to break down some barriers to trade between them.消除

break in　　 强行进入； 打断(谈话), 插嘴
break into 闯入， 破门而入
break out 爆发， 突然发生
break through 突破； 克服， 战胜
break up 打碎； 破碎； 解散； 结束； 拆散

[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)妈妈闯进我的房间， 告诉我不要熬夜了， 否则我会累垮的。
Mother broke__into__my__room and told me not to stay up or I would__break__down．
(2)大火爆发时我还在睡觉，之后火势迅速蔓延。
I was still sleeping when the__fire__broke__out,__and then it spread quickly.
(3)水面上覆盖着冰，有时会突然破碎。
The water was covered with ice, which could sometimes break__up__without__warning.
commitment　n．承诺， 保证； 投入， 奉献； 不得不做的事
(教材P62)Changing the world—my commitment
改变世界——我的承诺

(1)make a commitment (to...)　 (对……)作出承诺
(2)commit v. 把……交托给； 使……承担义务
commit oneself/sb.to (doing) sth.
承诺做某事
commit to sb./sth. 全身心地投入……
commit a crime 犯罪
commit oneself to (doing) sth.＝devote oneself to (doing) sth.
专心致志于(做)某事；
献身于(做)某事　
①Come and look round our shop without commitment to buy something.
请随时来我们店转转， 不一定非要买东西不可。
②A career as an actor requires one hundred percent commitment(commit)．
干演员这一行需要百分百的投入。
③This development area is committed to creating(create) a perfect investment environment.
这个开发区致力于创造一个完美的投资环境。
vacant　adj.空着的， 未被占用的； (职位)空缺的
(教材P62)Yesterday, my colleagues on the medical team and I (two doctors, one nurse—me—and two assistants) found a vacant health centre on the north side of the town.
昨天， 医疗队里的同事和我(两名医生， 作为护士的我， 还有两名助手)在城市的北面发现了一个空着的医疗中心。
①If that room is vacant we can practice there.
如果那个房间空着， 我们可以在那练习。
②When the post finally became vacant they offered it to Jim.
这个职位最终空出来之后， 他们给了吉姆。
③In every major city there are more vacant__buildings than homeless people.
各大城市里空置的楼房都比无家可归的人多。
remind sb.of　让某人想起……，提醒某人……
(教材P63)It reminded me of my time in Sudan...　
这使我想起了在苏丹的那段时间……

(1)remind sb.of sth./doing sth. 提醒某人(做)某事
remind sb.about sth. 提醒某人某事
remind sb.to do sth. 提醒某人去做某事
remind sb.that... 提醒某人……
(2)reminder n. 起提醒作用的东西；
提醒者　
①I was about to take a chance when my father reminded me to keep calm.
当我正要冒险的时候， 父亲提醒我要保持冷静。
②Remind me to__write(write) to Mother.
提醒我给母亲写信。
③ This photo serves as a reminder(remind) of the most important moments of my life.
这个影集使我想起我生活中那些最重要的时刻。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
这个结果有助于你预测一些常见的严重的疾病和饮食偏好， 提醒你一些适当的锻炼方式。
The result will help to predict some major and severe diseases and your preference for diet and remind__you__of__suitable__ways__to__exercise．
make a difference　有作用(关系，影响)；起(重要)作用
(教材P63)I know I can’t change the whole world, but I’m proud that I can help here and there, and make a difference to people’s lives.　我知道我无法改变整个世界， 但我很自豪， 因为我能处处给人们提供帮助， 改变他们的生活。

make some difference　　 有些影响
make no difference 没有影响
make a big difference to sb. 对某人有很大影响　
①Exercise can make a big difference to your state of health.
锻炼对你的健康状况大有影响。
②She insists that it does not make__any__difference__to her.
她坚持认为那件事对她来说没有什么影响。
③It will make__some__difference whether you go or not.
你去不去有一定的影响。

(教材P56)If only I were a Goodwill Ambassador!
要是我是一名亲善大使就好了！

if only意为“要是……该多好”， 表示一种不能实现或难以实现的愿望， 后面的谓语动词用虚拟语气。if only后的虚拟语气如下：
(1)表示过去， 谓语动词用had done/been。
(2)表示现在， 谓语动词用一般过去式(be用were)。
(3)表示将来， 谓语动词用“would/could＋动词原形”。
(4)if only与only if的区别： if only多用于虚拟语气； only if多用于陈述语气。与此同时， only if中only修饰if, 表示唯一的条件， 意为“只有， 只要”。 only if置于句首时， 主句主谓常进行部分倒装。
①Look at the trouble I am in.If only I had followed his advice!
看看我所处的困境， 要是我接受他的建议就好了！
②If only I had(have) enough money to buy an iPhone.
如果我有足够的钱买一部苹果手机， 那该多好。
③If only the whole family could/would__be(be) united during the Spring Festival!
要是春节全家能团圆就好了！
④Only if you are aware of the importance of English can__you__learn it well.
只有你意识到英语的重要性你才能学好英语。
(教材P56)I would rather you hadn’t told me about it.
我宁愿你没有告诉过我这件事。

would rather＋从句， 是一个常用的虚拟语气句型。 表示主语宁愿让某人干某事。 从句谓语动词用虚拟语气， 即用一般过去时表示现在或将来要做的事； 用过去完成时表示过去要做的事。 引导从句的that常省略。
would rather的其他用法还有：
(1)
(2)would rather＋从句 　
①I would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening.
今晚我宁愿待在家中读点书。
②I would rather you had__finished (finish) your homework yesterday.　我宁愿你昨晚完成了你的作业。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
与给他们买饺子相比，我们更愿意自己亲手为他们包可口的饺子。
We would__rather__make__delicious__dumplings with our own hands than buy some for them.
(教材P62)Arrived here to find everything was in chaos.
来到这儿后却发现一切都是乱糟糟的。

(1)本句中to find everything was in chaos为不定式短语作结果状语。
(2)不定式表示结果常用于下面句型：
so...as to do, such...as to do, enough to do, only/never to do, too...to...
①What have I said to make you so angry?
我说了什么话使你这样生气？
②After the meeting, they parted, never to__see(see) each other again.
散会后， 他们分开了， 从此再也没有见面。
③Would you be so kind as to__do(do) me a favor?
请你帮我一下好吗？
④He is old enough__to__go to school.
他到了上学年龄了。
(教材P62)The situation is very different here, as are the problems.
这里的情形很不一样， 存在的问题也不同。

as are the problems是一个倒装的从句。 as用作代词， 代替前面所讲述的情况， 表示情况相同。 as are the problems就相当于the problems are different too。 由as引导的这种从句常引起倒装。 倒装时， 从句的时态要与主句一致； 从句的be 动词、 助动词要与从句的主语保持一致。
①The earth is a planet moving around the sun, as are Mars and Jupiter.
地球是围绕太阳旋转的行星， 火星和木星也是。
②I go to London by bus everyday, as__do most people living in the village.
我每天乘车去伦敦， 住在这个村子里的大部分人都是这样。
③The U．S.and Russia have sent astronauts into space, as has(have) China.
美国和俄罗斯将宇航员送入了太空， 中国也将宇航员送入了太空。

品句填词
1．He came here without friends or ____________(财产) and made his fortune all by himself.
答案：possessions
2．John has got a fever these days, and he says he doesn’t want to see a doctor but I am afraid he has no ____________(选择)．
答案：alternative
3．His talents are not fully ____________(欣赏) in that company.
答案：appreciated
4．Please ____________(提醒) me about it in case I should forget.
答案：remind
5．These figures are not consistent with the results ____________(获得) in the previous experiment.
答案：obtained
6．Cars have become a popular ____________(方式) of transport, bringing great convenience to our life.
答案：means
7．I was impressed by the energy and ____________(投入) shown by the players.
答案：commitment
8．The seat next to him was ____________(空着的)．
答案：vacant
单句改错
1．Sometimes, in order to succeed, we have no alternative and to face failure bravely and learn from it.____________________
答案：第一个and→but
2．As far as I know, he is in the possession of a large company.____________________
答案：去掉the
3．After the explosion, every means have been used to prevent the river from being polluted.____________________
答案：have→has
4．We obtained a load through the government.____________________
答案：through→from
5．I’ll just call Sylvia to remind her of that we are meeting at 8.____________________
答案：去掉of
完成句子
1．只有杰克的父亲允许了， 他才能在泳池里游泳。
____________ his father has given permission ________________________________．
答案：Only if；can Jack swim in the pool
2．明天不要来。 我宁愿你下周末来。
Don’t come tomorrow.I ________________________________ next weekend.
答案：would rather you came
3．第二天他醒来了， 却发现自己被捆在一棵大树上。
He woke up the next day, ________________________________ to a big tree.
答案：only to find himself tied
4．我错过了早班车。 要是我早点起来就好了。
I missed the early bus.If only ______________________．
答案：I had got up earlier
5．她工作很努力， 她的丈夫工作也很努力。
She worked hard, ________________________．
答案：as did her husband
课文语篇改错
When we arrived, everything was in chaos.The hospital is in mess and can’t be used in the moment.
It’s difficult to travelling the whole island as it is flooded.Luck, we found a vacant health center yesterday but we are going to set up a temporary clinic there.Medicine is in the great need.Meanwhile, shelter and access to food and clean water are big problems.
One good thing is which many people can speak English or French.So it is easier to communicate to them.That seems that most people need to talk and be listened to.As a result, I work more than a nurse, I also act as a listener.
Think back to all the experience, I find it worthwhile and helpful.
答案：
When we arrived, everything was in chaos.The hospital is in mess and can’t be used the moment.
It’s difficult to the whole island as it is flooded.， we found a vacant health center yesterday we are going to set up a temporary clinic there.Medicine is in great need.Meanwhile, shelter and access to food and clean water are big problems.
One good thing is many people can speak English or French.So it is easier to communicate them. seems that most people need to talk and be listened to.As a result, I work more than a nurse, I also act as a listener.
back to all the experience, I find it worthwhile and helpful.

A卷
单句语法填空
1．It is the respect for universal rights, our respect for different cultures, and our ____________(commit) to international laws that guide China’s openness to other countries.
答案：commitment
2．The story shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real ____________(different)．
答案：difference
3．There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but ____________(wait)．
答案：to wait
4．He is an old man worthy ____________ great respect.
答案：of
5．Every possible means ____________(try), but it seems that nothing will prevent the situation from getting worse.
答案：has been tried
6．He hurried to cinema, only to be ____________(tell) the tickets had been sold out.
答案：told
7．Tom, it’s time that you ____________(wash) your own clothes.
答案：washed
8．Your desk is crowded ____________ too many unnecessary things.You have to remove some of them.
答案：with
9．According to the report, personal ____________(possess) of guns in the U．S.A. has caused a lot of trouble.
答案：possession
10．The upset mother thought to herself, “If only I ____________(know) what’s going on in my little boy’s head right now.”
答案：knew
阅读理解
A

From my earliest memories，I felt as if my mother was preparing me for something special. When entering a room，her entire focus was on me. I felt as if I was the center of her universe—a great feeling. Offering her the same respect，I intently listened to her stories without interrupting；I tried to return that feeling of being truly loved.
Even though there was always deep affection flowing between us，she wasn’t a softy. She worked hard and expected her children to do the same. I began working in our little corner grocery store by age eight and managed it by the age of twelve. She appreciated my hard work and treated me as an equal. I learned that I could do anything if I tried hard enough. I learned to depend on myself.
My mother always supported my decisions，but also shared her concerns. When I decided to retire early from teaching to teach and write about etiquette(礼仪)，she announced her concerns. She worried that there wasn’t a market for it—my mother，always the business person. Nevertheless，by the end of our conversation she encouraged me with“With your training and love of people，you are perfect for this.”
By example，my mother taught me how to show respect for others. She gave me my listening skills，my empathy and my manners. Through her，I learned to be strong，to follow my heart and to work hard. I never give up. If not for this，I wouldn’t be a successful business owner and good friend to all.
【解题导语】　作者和母亲感情深厚。母亲很爱作者，也教会了作者尊重他人，并使作者具备了独立、勇敢和坚定等可贵品质。
1．The author carefully listened to her mother’s stories because________．
A．the stories were very interesting
B．she liked listening to stories very much
C．the stories were about something special
D．she tried to show her respect for her mother
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，作者从小就觉得母亲非常爱她，作者也同样爱和尊重自己的母亲。
2．What was the author’s mother worried about according to Paragraph 3?
A．The author would lose her job.
B．The author would live a poor life.
C．The author’s books would be hard to sell.
D．The author wouldn’t be good at business.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句和第三句可知，作者决定提前退休去教礼仪并写这方面的书，而她母亲担心作者的书没有市场，卖不出去。
3．What can we learn from the text?
A．The author had a brother and a sister.
B．The author’s mother was very strict with her.
C．The author became a well?known writer at last.
D．The author began to manage the store by age eight.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，母亲把作者当作大人一样对待，对作者很严格，故B项正确。A项在文中没有信息依据；根据文章最后一句可知，作者最后成为成功的商人，而不是畅销书作家，故C项错误；根据第二段第三句可知，作者8岁开始在街角的商店工作，12岁时才开始经营它，故D项错误。
4．Which of the following can best describe the author’s mother?
A．Brave and determined.
B．Smart and honest.
C．Proud but patient.
D．Strong but careless.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者从母亲身上学到了尊重他人、勇敢和坚定等优秀品质。由此可推知，作者的母亲是一个勇敢而又意志坚定的人。
B
A year ago August，Dave Fuss lost his job driving a truck for a small company in west Michigan.His wife，Gerrie，was still working in the local school cafeteria，but work for Dave was scarce，and the price of everything was rising.The Fusses were at risk of joining the millions of Americans who have lost their homes in recent years.Then Dave and Gerrie received a timely gift—$7，000，a legacy(遗产) from their neighbors Ish and Arlene Hatch，who died in an accident.“It really made a difference when we were going under financially，”says Dave.
But the Fusses weren’t the only folks in Alto and the neighboring town of Lowell to receive unexpected Lega from the Hatches.Dozens of other families were touched by the Hatches’ generosity.In some cases，it was a few thousand dollars；in others，it was more than $100，000.
It surprised nearly everyone that the Hatches had so much money，more than $3 million—they were an elderly couple who lived in an old house on what was left of the family farm.
Children of the Great Depression，Ish and Arlene were known for their habit of saving.They thrived on (喜欢) comparison shopping and would routinely go from store to store，checking prices before making a new purchase.
Through the years，the Hatches paid for local children to attend summer camp when their parents couldn’t afford it.“Ish and Arlene never asked if you needed anything，”says their friend Sand Van Weelden，“They could see things they could do to make you happier，and they would do them.”
Even more extraordinary was that the Hatches had their farmland distributed.It was the Hatches’ wish that their legacy—a legacy of kindness as much as one of dollars and cents—should enrich the whole community(社区) and last for generations to come.
Neighbors helping neighbors—that was Ish and Arlene Hatch’s story.
【解题导语】　本文讲的是邻里互助的故事。
5．According to the text，the Fusses ________．
A．were employed by a truck company
B．were in financial difficulty
C．worked in a school cafeteria
D．lost their home
B　解析：细节理解题。由文章第一段The Fusses were at risk of joining the millions of Americans who have lost their homes in recent years.及It really made a difference when we were going under financially.可知答案为B。
6．Which of the following is TRUE of the Hatches?
A．They had their children during the Great Depression.
B．They left the family farm to live in an old house.
C．They gave away their possessions to their neighbors.
D．They helped their neighbors to find jobs.
C　解析：细节理解题。由文章第二段可知，Hatch夫妇把他们的钱全都赠给了他们的邻居们。
7．According to Sand Van Weelden，the Hatches were ________．
A．understanding　 B．optimistic
C．childlike D．curious
A　解析：细节理解题。由文章倒数第三段They could see things they could do to make you happier可知，他们是善解人意的。
8．What can we learn from the text?
A．The community of Alto was poor.
B．The summer camp was attractive to the parents.
C．Sandy Van Weelden got a legacy from the Hatches.
D．The Hatches would like the neighbors to follow their example.
D　解析：推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段可知，他们想让邻居们以他们为榜样。
语法填空
You probably think that your home is the one place where you are safe.That’s what I thought until last week.Now I know our flat is full of accidents waiting 1.______________(happen)．Next month we’ll look 2.____________my niece and nephew while their parents go away for 3.____________short break.We will ask them to come and make sure that everything is 4.____________(total) OK.All of us will get a few 5.____________(surprise)．
We start in the spare bedroom, in 6.____________the children will sleep.Everybody knows you shouldn’t put children’s beds under a window in case a child 7.____________(try) to climb out.Next is the bathroom.We keep our medicines on a shelf above the washbasin. Never leave medicines where children can find 8.______________(they)．They might think they are sweets.Finally, the kitchen.This is the most 9.____________(danger) room in the house.Knives should 10.____________(keep) in drawers which children can’t reach, and all cleaning liquids in high cupboards.So we have three weeks to make our house safe.It’s not difficult, once you know how to do.
【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了如何让家更安全。
1．to happen　解析：考查非谓语动词。固定搭配 wait to do sth.意为“等着做某事”，符合语境。
2．after　解析：考查介词。固定搭配 look after意为“照看”，与“while their parents go away”呼应。
3．a　解析：考查冠词。break意为“休息”，是可数名词，此处表泛指，故用不定冠词修饰。
4．totally　解析：考查副词。修饰形容词应用副词，故用副词totally修饰形容词OK，在句子中作状语。
5．surprises　解析：考查名词的数。surprise此处意为“意想不到的事”，是可数名词，且被a few修饰，故用复数形式。
6．which　解析：考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the spare bedroom, in which＝where。
7．tries/should try　解析：in case引导的状语从句中，从句用虚拟语气，常用should＋do的形式；也可以不用虚拟语气，主从句时态一致。
8．them　解析：考查代词。空处作谓语动词find的宾语，因此应用宾格形式。
9．dangerous　解析：考查词性转换。修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词dangerous在句子中作定语，与the most呼应。
10．be kept　解析：考查动词语态。句子主语Knives与keep构成动宾关系，故用被动语态be kept。
B卷
阅读理解

If you look for a book as a present for a child，you will be spoiled for choice even in a year when there is no new Harry Potter. J．K. Rowling’s wizard is not alone: the past decade has been a harvest for good children’s books，which has set off a large quantity of films and in turn led to increased sales of classics，such as The Lord of the Rings.
Yet despite that，reading is increasingly unpopular among children. According to statistics，in 1997, 23% said they didn’t like reading at all. In 2015，35% did. And around 6% of children leave primary school each year unable to read properly.
Maybe the decline is caused by the increasing availability of computer games. Maybe the books boom has affected only the top of the educational pile. Either way，Chancellor Cordon Brown plans to change things for the bottom of the class. In his pre?budget report，he announced the national project of Reading Recovery to help the children struggling most.
Reading Recovery is aimed at six?year?olds，who receive four months of individual daily half?hour classes with a specially trained teacher. An evaluation earlier this year reported that children on the scheme made 20 months’ progress in just one year，whereas similarly weak readers without special help made just five months’ progress，and so ended the year even further below the level expected for their age.
International research tends to find that when British children leave primary school they read well，but read less often for fun than those elsewhere. Reading for fun matters because children who are keen on reading can expect lifelong pleasure and loving books is an excellent indicator of future educational success. According to the OECD，being a regular and enthusiastic reader is of great advantage.
1．Which of the following is TRUE of Paragraph 1?
A．Many children’s books have been adapted from films.
B．Many high?quality children’s books have been published.
C．The sales of classics have led to the popularity of films.
D．The sales of presents for children have increased.
B　解析：细节理解题。由“...the past decade has been a harvest for good children’s books...”可知此题选B。A、C两项因果错位；D项文中未提到。
2．Statistics suggested that________．
A．the number of top students increased with the use of
computers
B．a decreasing number of children showed interest in
reading
C．a minority of primary school children read properly
D．a large percentage of children read regularly
B　解析：细节理解题。从第二段所给出的数据可判断B项正确。
3．What do we know about Reading Recovery?
A．An evaluation of it will be made sometime this year.
B．Weak readers on the project were the most hardworking.
C．It aims to train special teachers to help children with reading.
D．Children on the project showed noticeable progress in reading.
D　解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的“...children on the scheme made 20 months’ progress in just one year...”可知D项正确。A、C两项与事实不符；B项文中未提到。
4．The aim of this text would probably be________．
A．to overcome primary school pupils’ reading difficulty
B．to encourage the publication of more children’s books
C．to remind children of the importance of reading for fun
D．to introduce a way to improve early childhood reading
D　解析：写作意图题。本文首先提出儿童不喜欢读书的现象逐渐加剧的问题，而后针对此问题提出了阅读复兴计划，由此可知该文章旨在介绍一种促进儿童读书的方法。故选D。
完形填空
It was 11：30 in the evening.A __1__ American lady of about seventy was standing on the side of an Alabama __2__ trying to bear a pouring rainstorm.Her car had __3__ and at the moment she __4__ needed a ride.Wet to the skin，she decided to flag down the next __5__．A young white man stopped to help her—generally unheard __6__ in those conflict?filled (矛盾冲突) 1960s.The man __7__ her to safety in his car，and __8__ a taxicab (a kind of car) for her.She seemed to be in a great __9__．She wrote down his __10__，thanked him and drove away.Several days went by and a __11__ came on the man’s door.To his __12__，a very big color TV was delivered to his home.A special note was __13__ to it.It read，“Dear sir，thank you so much for assisting a(n) __14__ colored woman on the freeway __15__ night.The rain __16__ wet all over not only my clothes __17__ my spirits.Then you __18__ along.Because of you，I was __19__ to make it to my dying husband’s bedside just __20__ he passed away.God bless you for helping me and kindly serving others.Sincerely，Mrs.Nat King Cole.”
【解题导语】　本文主要叙述了美国的一个白人青年帮助一个黑人老太太的故事。
1．A.black　　 B．white
C．poor D．sick
A　解析：60年代矛盾冲突(指白人对黑人的种族歧视)，下文提到了一个白人青年帮她，因此可判断老太太是“黑人”。
2．A.railway B．freeway
C．street D．avenue
B　解析：从下文的freeway一词可知答案为B。
3．A.broken up B．speeded up
C．broken down D．slowed down
C　解析：从下文she decided to flag down the next car可知，她的车“抛锚”了。
4．A.seriously B．badly
C．fairly D．probably
B　解析：因为车抛锚了，而她还要赶到病危的丈夫那里去，所以她“非常”需要搭车，只有badly符合此意。
5．A.bus B．truck
C．taxi D．car
D　解析：flag down“挥手示意停车”，而且又在高速路上，所以只能是car。
6．A.from B．by
C．before D．of
D　解析：一个白人青年停下来帮助她——这在60年代种族矛盾激烈的美国从未听说过。hear of是“听说”的意思。
7．A.put B．led
C．fetched D．took
D　解析：“take sb.to＋地点”意为“把某人带到某地”是固定短语。
8．A.hired B．took
C．sent D．asked
A　解析：因为是出租车，所以要“租赁”。
9．A.need B．help
C．hurry D．trouble
C　解析：从下文看，她是去看她快要死了的丈夫，所以很“匆忙”。
10．A.address B．number
C．name D．words
A　解析：从下文可知，老太太为了感谢那位白人青年，买了一台电视机给他送去，所以记下的是“地址”，而不是电话号码。
11．A.lady B．salesman
C．letter D．knock
D　解析：由下文的on the man’s door可判断出是knock。a knock on the door “敲门声”。
12．A.surprise B．delight
C．joy D．satisfaction
A　解析：因为他没有买电视机，看到一个售货员送来一台电视机，所以感到“惊奇”。
13．A.offered B．given
C．stuck D．written
C　解析：因为是纸条，所以判断是“贴”在电视机上。
14．A.aged B．dark
C．lucky D．unhappy
A　解析：根据第一空已经知道是一位黑人妇女，且由下文可知，她70岁了。该句中已出现color一词，则另一修饰该妇女的词只能是aged。
15．A.another B．the other
C．other D．any
B　解析：从上下文的时间判断，是“几天前的一个夜晚”。
16．A.let B．made
C．had D．turned
B　解析：后面是形容词wet，表示大雨使浑身都湿了用动词make。
17．A.and B．but
C．or D．otherwise
B　解析：not only...but (also)是固定搭配，意为“不但……而且……”。
18．A.got B．went
C．ran D．came
D　解析：从上文可知，老太太的车子抛锚时，那个白人青年及时地出现在她跟前，并给予了帮助。
19．A.able B．ready
C．likely D．willing
A　解析：从下文可知，此处表示“能”使她及时赶到她快要死了的丈夫跟前。be able to do sth.表示通过努力才能实现的事，其余选项不符合句意。
20．A.after B．before
C．until D．since
B　解析：因为老太太得到了青年的帮助，才使她在她丈夫死之前赶到。
短文改错
Dear Sir,
I’m very happier to read your magazine BBC English.I had found it both useful and interested.The part I’m most interested is the one about finding pen?pals for English learner all over the world.My name is Li Hua, a boy in seventeen.I am spending my last year in school.I like collecting the stamps, playing table tennis, sightseeing or learning English.Would you be kind enough to put my name on the list for the selection of pen?pals who likes and age are hopeful the same as mine? Thank you.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
答案：
Dear Sir,
I’m very to read your magazine BBC English.I found it both useful and .The part I’m most interested is the one about finding pen?pals for English all over the world.My name is Li Hua, a
boy seventeen.I am spending my last year in school.I like collecting stamps, playing table tennis, sightseeing learning English.Would you be kind enough to put my name on the list for the selection of pen?pals likes and age are the same as mine? Thank you.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua







PAGE



32



(共87张PPT)
Unit 4　Helping people around the world
Section Ⅲ　Word power, Task & Project
本部分内容讲解结束
按ESC键退出全屏播放
自学导引·语篇理解
自主探究·巩固新知
教材助读·解疑清障
读懂课文·破解难疑
要点透析·讲练互动
名师解疑·精讲精练






Section Ⅳ　Grammar & Writing

虚拟语气(二)
一、在名词性从句中的运用
1．在表示要求、命令、建议、请求等动词后接宾语从句中，以及这些动词的名词后接同位语或表语从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。常见的此类动词：一坚持(insist)、二命令(order, command)、三要求(require, demand, request)、四建议(suggest, advise, propose, recommend)。
(江苏卷)She suggested that Dale join the debating team, believing that practice in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.
她建议戴尔参加辩论队，她认为辩论队里的演讲练习会给予他所需要的信心和认可。
He insisted that the problem(should) be discussed at the meeting.
他执意要求在会上讨论这个问题。
(2016·天津卷)The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.
经理提出了一个建议，我们应该有一个助手。
My advice is that we (should) get more people to attend the party.
我建议我们应该让更多的人参加晚会。

当suggest作“暗示，表明”，insist作“坚持认为”时，从句要用陈述语气。
The girl’s pale face suggested that she was ill and I suggested that she (should) go to see the doctor at once.
这个女孩苍白的脸色表明她病了，我建议她马上去看医生。
Jim still insisted that the painting wasn’t a Picasso so he insisted that we should not buy it.
吉姆坚持认为这幅画不是毕加索的画，所以他坚决主张我们不要买它。
2．在“It is/was＋adj./done＋that...”句型中，从句中的谓语动词用(should＋)动词原形。常见的形容词或过去分词有：important, necessary, strange, suggested, ordered, advised, requested, demanded 等。
It is necessary that we (should) clean the room every day.
我们每天打扫房间是有必要的。
3．would rather所接的宾语从句中，从句的谓语如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作，从句用一般过去时；如果表示过去发生过的动作，从句用过去完成时。
We would rather our daughter stayed at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
我们宁愿女儿待在家里，陪在我们身边，但是选择权在她手上，毕竟她不再是个孩子了。
对接高考
①Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam ____________(be) at the age of six months old.
眼科医生建议孩子第一次视力检查应该在六个月大的时候进行。
be　解析： recommend建议， 后接宾语从句时， 从句用虚拟语气， 谓语动词用should do形式， should可以省略， 所以填be。
二、三个固定句式中的虚拟语气

句式 现在虚拟 过去虚拟 将来虚拟
if only引导的条件句及感叹句 过去式 had＋过去分词 would/could/might＋动词原形
as if/though引导的表语从句及方式状语从句 过去式 had＋过去分词 would/could/might＋动词原形
It is (high) time that... 过去式或should＋动词原形
It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had done it?
打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的？
Look at the trouble we are in.If only we had taken our teacher’s advice!
看看我们所处的困境，要是我们当初听从老师的建议该多好！

当as if/though引导的句子所叙述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，从句要用陈述语气。
对接高考
②Jack is a great talker.It’s high time that he ____________(do) something instead of just talking.
Jack是一个很喜欢说大话的人。 到了他做点事情， 而不是只讲大话的时候了。
did　解析： It’s high time that后面的句子要用一般过去时。
③If we ____________(book) a table earlier, we wouldn’t be standing here in a queue.
如果我们早订张桌子的话， 我们就不会站在这儿排队了。
had booked　解析： 根据语境可知， 此处是if引导的虚拟条件句， 从句叙述的是与过去事实相反的情况， 因为“我们没有早订桌子”， 谓语动词用had done; 而主句叙述的是与现在事实相反的情况， “现在我们正站着排队”。
④They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they ____________(come) to our help.
在我们进行这项调查的这几个月里， 他们在国外， 要不然， 他们就会来帮助我们的。
would have come　解析： 本句考查的是一个含蓄的虚拟条件句， 句中的or相当于if they had not gone abroad。 因为前面句中使用的是were, 说明这个虚拟语气是与过去事实相反， 所以主句中使用的是“情态动词＋have done”的形式。

单句语法填空
1．It is high time that we ____________(urge) an immediate end to this deplorable phenomenon.
答案：urged/should urge
2．My boss insisted that all the papers ____________(hand) in on time. Otherwise, I would be fired.
答案：(should) be handed
3．The girl had been suffering from lung cancer, yet she acted as if nothing____________(happen) to her while we were together.
答案：had happened
4．The professor gave orders that the test____________(finish) before 5 o’clock.
答案：(should) be finished
5．My mom suggests that we ____________(eat) out for a change this weekend.
答案：(should) eat
6．I would rather I ____________(come) yesterday, for I missed a good show.
答案：had come
7．It is required that middle school students____________(take) exercise for at least one hour a day.
答案：(should) take
8．If only I ____________(can) speak several foreign languages now.
答案：could
9．It is necessary that we ____________(make) everything ready ahead of time.
答案：(should) make
10．It is strange that the car____________ down at exactly the same place where it ____________ down yesterday.(break)
答案：(should) break；broke
单句改错
1．His suggestion that you must try a second time sounds reasonable. ____________________
答案：must→should或去掉must
2．It is time that we take measures to prevent harmful food producing. ____________________
答案：take→took或在take前加should
3． I believe we’ll turn our school into a better place. How I wish we can enjoy a better school life.____________________
答案：can→could
4．They met for the first time, but they talked happily as if they have been good friends for a long time. ____________________
答案：have→had
5．We all are for your proposal that the sports meeting put off because of the bad weather. ____________________
答案：在put前加be
语法与写作
1．他考试又失败了。要是他更努力些就好了。
He failed in the exam again. If only he ________________________．
答案：had worked harder
2．英语老师们建议我们充分利用每个机会说英语。
English teachers give advice that we ________________________ every chance to speak English.
答案：(should) make good use of
3．确实到了我们采取措施解决污染的时候了。
It is high time that we ________________________ the pollution.
答案：took some measures to solve
4．我们万一不能及时完成这个计划怎么办？
________________________________ the plan in time?
答案：What if we could not fulfill/finish
5．我宁愿他昨天帮助了我。
I would rather ________________________ a hand yesterday.
答案：he had given me

如何写建议类的电子邮件

文体感知
建议类的电子邮件就是在邮件中向收件人提出建议和忠告。
1．先要明确写给谁。写给个人，就其遇到的某个问题提出自己的建议和看法。写给某个组织机构，就改进其服务等方面提出建议和忠告。
2．正文：(1)发邮件的原因和背景；(2)建议的内容及提出建议的理由；(3)对收件人的祝福和祝愿。
3．要用简练的语言。电子邮件要写得简明扼要，具有合理性和说服力，同时注意说话的语气要委婉。
增分佳句
1．建议信开头常用句式：
I was so pleased to hear from you，and I am writing to give you some tips on job interview.
2．表达建议常用句式：
(1)In reply to your letter about...，let me tell you about that.
(2)Secondly，it is necessary/unnecessary for you to...
(3)In my opinion，it would be better...
(4)It should be a good idea to...
(5)As far as I am concerned，you’d better...
(6)What’s more，it will be helpful to you that...
(7)If I were you，I would...
(8)You’d better take some measures to do...
(9)It’s suggested that...
(10)What I want to stress is that...
3．建议信结尾常用句式：
(1)Waiting for your good news.
(2)Good luck with your...
(3)I’m expecting to hear from you as soon as possible.
写作模板
Dear________，
I have received your email and I understand your problem. You have asked me for my advice with regard to________， and I will try to make some constructive suggestions here.(引出主题)
In my opinion, you would be wise to take the following actions：________．(建议的内容) Firstly, it is very important to________. Besides, it should be a good idea to________. I’m sure________．
I hope you will find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details. In conclusion, I wish you every success with your studies.
I’m looking forward to________．(表达愿望)
Yours sincerely，
×××

写作要求
假如你叫李明，有一位来自英国的朋友Mike。他与父母一道来到了中国。初来乍到，他发现自己在家时所学的汉语根本就不够用。因此，他给你发来一封电子邮件，向你请教如何提高汉语听说能力。请根据下面的提示，给他回一封邮件。邮件的内容包含如下要点：
1．邮件已收到，理解他所遇到的问题；
2．提出如下建议：在课内课外要多说汉语，应尽可能用汉语与同学交流，不要担心犯错误；在家看电视时，多注意节目主持人(presenter) 的发音，以便提高听力水平；
3．祝愿他学习取得进步。
注意：1.内容应包括以上要点，可适当增加细节，以使内容连贯；
2．词数：100左右。
审题谋篇
项目 结论
体裁 应用文
话题 提出建议
时态 一般现在时
人称 第一人称和第二人称
词汇推敲
1．与某人交流 ________________
答案：communicate with sb.
2．犯错误________________
答案：make a mistake/mistakes
3．注意________________
答案：pay attention to
4．取得进步________________
答案：make progress
5．最后 ________________
答案：in conclusion/to conclude
遣词造句
1．完成句子
①不要害怕犯错误。
Don’t ________________________ making mistakes.
②犯错误是很正常的。
________________________ is quite natural.
③如果你多说，你的汉语就会更好。
____________________， your Chinese will be better.
④为了提高你的听力，当你在家看电视时你应该多注意主持人的发音。
In order to improve your listening, you should pay more attention to TV presenters’ pronunciation__________________________at home.
⑤随着时间的推移你会取得很大的进步的。
You will make great progress as time ____________．
答案：①be afraid of　②Making mistakes　③If you speak more　④when you are watching TV　⑤goes on
2．句式升级
⑥用从属连词because连接①②
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
⑦用the＋比较级……， the＋比较级……句型升级③
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
⑧用省略句升级④
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
⑨用 “with＋宾语＋宾补” 升级⑤
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：⑥Don’t be afraid of making mistakes because making mistakes is quite natural.　⑦The more you speak, the better your Chinese will be.　⑧In order to improve your listening, you should pay more attention to TV presenters when watching TV at home.　⑨You will make great progress with time going on.
妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Mike，
I have received your email and I understand your problem.
Here is my advice for improving your Chinese. Firstly, speak Chinese more, both in and out of class. Try your best to communicate with your classmates in Chinese. Don’t be afraid of making mistakes because making mistakes is quite natural. I think the more you speak, the better your Chinese will be. Secondly, in order to improve your listening, you should pay more attention to TV presenters when watching TV at home. I’m sure you will make great progress with time going on.
In conclusion, I wish you every success with your studies.
Yours，
Li Ming


A卷
单句语法填空
1．We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we ____________(visit) more places of interest yesterday.
答案：would have visited
2．If you ____________(study) hard before, you would be a college student now.
答案：had studied
3．I wish it ____________(rain) tomorrow.In that case, I won’t go to the library.
答案：would rain
4．If only I ____________(finish) my homework last night! Anyway, it’s too late to say anything now.
答案：had finished
5．If you ____________(follow) my advice, you ____________ (not be) in trouble now.
答案：had followed；wouldn’t be
6．But for your timely help, we ____________(not finish) our work in time.
答案：wouldn’t have finished
7．I ____________(ask) him for help, but he was so busy with his work then.
答案：would have asked
8．They got two tickets.Otherwise, they ____________(not be) able to go there.
答案：wouldn’t have been
9．Though he is not a wealthy man, he treats me as though I ____________(be) his own child rather than an adopted one.
答案：were
10．Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy would ____________(save)．
答案：have been saved
阅读理解
Once upon a time, a doting(溺爱的) mother asked Albert Einstein what she should read to her son to help him grow up as brilliant and intelligent as the famous scientist.
“Fairy tales，” he said, wisely nodding his head.
Why? Why would Albert Einstein—the Nobel Prize winning physicist recommend reading fairy tales? Was he joking? All the evidence suggested he was deadly serious. He also said, “When I examine myself and my methods of thought, I come to the conclusion that the gift of fantasy has meant more to me than any talent for abstract, positive thinking.”
Childhood is one of the factors that blur(使变模糊) the distinctions between the self and other objects. Thus fantasy stories appeal to children and appear to make sense to them.
There are several commonly accepted genres(类型) of fantasy, “Animal Fantasy” which centers around the lives of lovable talking animals and “Modern Fantasy” which focuses on adventures in other worlds and magical events. I am inclined to add a third genre “Human and Animal Fantasy”， which mixes human and animal characters. Another genre of fantasy may be “High Fantasy” which features heroes who combat evil and save the world from destruction.
Fantasy feeds a child’s imagination and encourages creativity. The enjoyment that the genre engenders(产生) promotes reading and enhances literacy. Moreover, the fantasy genre may be used for teaching purposes. For example: A story about cruelty to animals would limit appeal to a child; however a fantasy celebration of closeness between the children and their pets may give an element of excitement as the children are able to save animals from someone with cruel intentions.
Children love the Harry Potter series, and if they only see the movies they will miss a great opportunity to develop their reading skills by spending time with the lovable young wizards and witches(巫婆) of the Hogwarts community.
【解题导语】　本文借助科学家爱因斯坦的观点来论述奇幻小说在儿童早期教育中所起的作用。
1．Albert Einstein recommended reading fairy tales because________．
A．he was just joking with the mother
B．he contributed his gift of fantasy to reading fairy tales
C．he got some scientific ideas from fairy tales
D．the gift of fantasy equals to the talent for abstract, positive thinking
B　解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的I come to the conclusion that the gift of fantasy has meant more to me than any talent for abstract, positive thinking可知。
2．A student who likes reading about heroes will probably read “________”．
A．Animal Fantasy
B．Modern Fantasy
C．Human and Animal Fantasy
D．High Fantasy
D　解析：推理判断题。可由倒数第三段的最后一句判断出。
3．Children are advised to read the Harry Potter series because________．
A．they are better than the films
B．they can help improve children’s reading ability
C．the films are not true to the original stories
D．children can’t learn much from the films
B　解析：细节理解题。从最后一段可以看出，如果孩子们只是看《哈利·波特》电影，而不读书就会错失了提高阅读能力的机会。
4．Which of the following best gives the main idea of the sixth paragraph?
A．Fantasy can be educational to children.
B．Fantasy can bring great joy to children.
C．Children should not read stories about animals.
D．Fantasy can teach children to be kind to animals.
A　解析：段落大意题。第六段主要讲述的是奇幻故事在教育孩子方面所起的巨大作用。
完形填空
The song that has meant the most to me since I was at the age of five，watching the movie Space Jam，is called“I Believe I Can Fly”by R．Kelly.Every time I listen to the song，it __1__ me that as long as I believe，I can be or do __2__ I want in life even with a disability.
I didn’t know much of what the song __3__ a long time ago but as I grew older，I still loved the song and started to listen to the __4__ more and more.Every time I listen to it，I think about all the obstacles I have __5__．
When I was little，I had to __6__ a wheelchair because I have a disability.The doctors told my mother I had a slim __7__ of ever walking but I was __8__ to walk because I disliked that wheelchair.I knew that I had to believe in myself to __9__ my goal to walk someday.
One day the doctor told my mother that he could make a(n) __10__ that would help me walk.__11__ when I was seven and one?half，I had my first surgery.
I __12__ the cast because it was a half body cast，with a bar in the middle of my legs.I was a very __13__ kid so being in a bed for six weeks，not being able to move，I felt horrible.I knew after all the __14__ and the crying it would be worth __15__ it in the long run.
__16__，at the age of eight，I got my cast off.I felt free when I finally __17__ all the therapy(治疗) and learned how to __18__．
The song __19__，“I see me running through that open door.”That’s what I felt like.Like the song says，“There are miracles in life I must achieve，but first I know it starts inside of me，oh...”I am one of the __20__ in life.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者被一首叫“I Believe I Can Fly”的歌曲所鼓舞，勇敢地面对残疾，克服各种困难，最终能够行走的故事。
1．A.remembers B．reminds
C．regards D．reflects
B　解析：作者每次听这首歌，它都提醒他只要他相信，他就能成为任何他想成为的人，做任何他想要做的事。remind sb.that使某人想起，提醒某人，符合语境。
2．A.whoever B．whomever
C．whichever D．whatever
D　解析：whatever任何……的事物，符合文意。
3．A.meant B．expected
C．suggested D．provided
A　解析：很久之前作者对这首歌是什么意思知道得不多。mean“意思是，本意是”，符合语境。
4．A.voices B．meanings
C．words D．rhythms
C　解析：结合上下文可知，此处为随着年龄的增长，作者开始越来越多地听歌词，word在此处意为“歌词”，符合语境。
5．A.suffered B．experienced
C．encouraged D．overcome
D　解析：从下文内容可知，作者曾克服了很多障碍，结合选项可知，应用overcome，表示“克服”。
6．A.apply B．use
C．seat D．offer
B　解析：因为残疾，作者不得不使用轮椅，故用use。seat后常接oneself。
7．A.chance B．occasion
C．condition D．advantage
A　解析：大夫告诉作者的妈妈，作者能走路的希望很渺茫。slim修饰chance，指“机会渺茫，可能性很小”。
8．A.encouraged B．amazed
C．determined D．organized
C　解析：从空前的but和空后的because引导的原因状语从句的内容可以看出，此处是转折关系，因为不喜欢轮椅，作者下定决心去走路，所以用determined。
9．A.accomplish B．finish
C．complete D．acquire
A　解析：作者知道必须相信自己总有一天能学会走路。accomplish“完成，取得”，符合语境。
10．A.operation B．performance
C．experiment D．arrangement
A　解析：从空格后的“that would help me walk”可推知，医生要对作者做一个有助于他行走的手术，make an operation“做手术”，符合语境。下文的surgery也是答案提示。
11．A.While B．But
C．Or D．So
D　解析：分析上下文可知，此处应为因果关系。
12．A.enjoyed B．disliked
C．expected D．valued
B　解析：从下文的叙述可知，作者不喜欢这个固定腿的模型。
13．A.generous B．kind
C．active D．passive
C　解析：从下文的内容可知，作者觉得在床上六周不能动很可怕是因为他是一个活泼好动的孩子。
14．A.pain B．joy
C．guilt D．embarrassment
A　解析：从上文作者所经历的一切可知，pain“痛苦”，符合语境。
15．A.fixing B．wearing
C．adjusting D．making
D　解析：作者认为从长远来看，在经历这么多的痛苦和泪水之后，自己所做的这一切都是值得的。
16．A.Finally B．Instantly
C．Normally D．Regularly
A　解析：从后面的“I got my cast off”可知，此处用finally，表示“最后，终于”的意思。
17．A.went on B．went down
C．went out D．went through
D　解析：从上下文可知，此处表示作者终于完成了全部治疗。go through经历，完成，符合语境。go on继续；go down下沉，下降；go out送出。
18．A.live B．walk
C．think D．communicate
B　解析：从上文的“that would help me walk”可知，治疗结束后，应是学习行走。
19．A.speaks B．sings
C．says D．answers
C　解析：此处用says，表示歌中唱到的内容，下文的“Like the song says”也是答案提示。
20．A.successes B．surprises
C．miracles D．failures
C　解析：结合语境可知，此处是作者说他自己是生命中的奇迹之一。
B卷
阅读理解
A

Social media is one of the fastest?growing industries in today’s world. A study conducted by the U．S. Pew Research Center showed that 92 percent of teenagers go online daily. The wide spread of social media has changed nearly all parts of teenagers’ lives.
?Changing relationships
High school student Elly Cooper from Illinois said social media often reduces face?to?face communication.“It makes in?person relationships harder because of people’s attention given to their phones instead of their friends，”Cooper said.
Yet，some people believe social media has made it easier to start relationships with anyone from anywhere. Beth Kaplan from Illinois met her long－distance friend through social media. He currently lives in Scotland，but they’re still able to frequently communicate with each other.“I can feel close to someone that I’m talking to via FaceTime，”Kaplan said.
?Wanting to be “liked”
The rise of social media has changed the way teenagers see themselves. The 19?year?old Essena O’Neill announced on the Social Networking Service Instagram that she was quitting social media because it made her unable to stop thinking about appearing perfect online. Negative comments also can do great damage to a teenager’s self?esteem.Teenagers who get negative comments can’t help but feel hurt.
?Opening new doors
However，Armin Korsos，a student from Illinois，takes advantage of the comments he receives over social media to improve his videos on the social networking site YouTube.“Social media can help people show themselves and their talents to the world in a way that has never been possible before，” Korsos said.
【解题导语】　本文主要讲述了社交媒体对青少年生活的影响。
1．Who met the long?distance friend through social media?
A．Elly Cooper.　　 B．Beth Kaplan.
C．Essena O’Neill. D．Armin Korsos.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句“Beth Kaplan from Illinois met her long?distance friend through social media.”可知，Beth Kaplan通过社交媒体见到了远方的朋友。
2．What does Essena O’Neill think of social media?
A．It hurts her seriously.
B．It promotes friendship.
C．It upsets her sometimes.
D．It develops confidence.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的第二句“The 19?year?old Essena O’Neill... online.”可推知，Essena O’Neill 认为社交媒体给她的生活带来了一定困扰，让她有时心烦意乱。
3．What is the topic of the text?
A．Teenagers’ Attitude Toward Social Media
B．Social Media’s Influence on Teenagers
C．A Recent Study Conducted in the U．S.A.
D．New Ways of Self?improvement
B　解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段的最后一句“The wide spread of social media has changed nearly all parts of teenagers’ lives.”并结合文章的整体内容可推知，本文主要讲的是社交媒体对青少年生活的影响。
B
About six years ago I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York City when a woman and a young boy sat down at the next table.I couldn’t help overhearing parts of their conversation.At one point the woman asked, “So, how have you been？” And the boy who could not have been more than seven or eight years old replied, “Frankly, I’ve been feeling a little depressed lately.”
This incident stuck in my mind because it strengthened my growing belief that children are changing.As far as I can remember, my friends and I didn’t find out we were “depressed” until we were in high school.
The evidence of a change in children has increased steadily in recent years.Children don’t seem childlike any more.Children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to.
Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say, but it certainly is different.Childhood as it once was no longer exists.Why?
Human development is based not only on born biological states, but also on patterns of access to social knowledge.Movement from one social role to another usually involves learning the secrets of the new situation.Children have always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages: traditionally, we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders.
In the last 30 years, however, a secret?revelation machine has been fixed in 98 percent of American homes.It is called television.Television passes information, indiscriminately, to all viewers alike, whether they are children or adults.Unable to resist the temptation, many children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging, more vivid moving pictures.
Communication through print, as a matter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social information to which children have access.Reading and writing involve a complex code of symbols that must be memorized and practised.Children must read simple books before they can read complex materials.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者讲述了在饭店里吃饭时听到一对母子的谈话， 引起了作者的思考。现在很多的孩子都成人化了， 这是一个值得注意的社会现象， 必须引起重视。
4．Traditionally, a child is supposed to learn about the adult world ________．
A．through touch with society
B．gradually and under guidance
C．naturally and by biological instinct
D．through exposure to social information
B　解析： 细节理解题。根据文中第五段的“Children have always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages: traditionally, we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders.”可知， 孩子学习成人世界应该逐渐地在指导下进行。
5．In the author’s opinion, the phenomenon that today’s children seem adultlike is caused by ________．
A．the constantly rising standard of living
B．the poor arrangement of teaching content
C．the fast step of human intellectual development
D．the widespread influence of television
D　解析： 细节理解题。根据文中倒数第二段的“Television passes information...more vivid moving pictures.”可知， 作者认为， 现在的孩子成人化是由于电视的广泛影响。
6．Why is the author in favor of communication through print for children?
A．It can control what children are to learn.
B．It develops children’s interest in reading and writing.
C．It helps children to memorize and practise more.
D．It enables children to gain more social information.
A　解析： 推理判断题。根据文中倒数第一段的“Communication through print, as a matter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social information to which children have access.”可知， 作者支持孩子阅读纸质书， 是因为能控制孩子学的东西。
7．What does the author think of the change in today’s children?
A．He feels amused by the children’s adultlike behavior.
B．He thinks it is a phenomenon worthy of note.
C．He considers it a positive development.
D．He seems to be upset about it.
B　解析： 推理判断题。本文在第三段点出了作者的担心： 孩子成人化。然后分析了这个问题产生的原因， 表示了对这个问题的担忧。故选B项。
C
It is thought that the Moon was formed when a planet about the size of Mars struck the early Earth around 4.5 billion years ago. The pieces left over from the hit combined to form the Moon. At the time of its formation, the Moon was just 14，000 miles away from our planet, compared with a quarter of a million miles between the Earth and the Moon today.
The Moon continues to spin away from the Earth, at the rate of 3.78 cm per year. Without the Moon, the Earth could slow down enough to become unstable(不稳定的), but this would take billions of years and it may never happen at all. The Moon is getting away from the Earth mainly due to the action of the Earth’s tides(潮汐)．
While 3.78 cm may not seem like much, this small difference over a long enough period of time could affect life on the Earth, making the planet slow down. On the early Earth, when the Moon was newly formed, days were five hours long, but with the Moon’s braking(减速) effect operating on the Earth for the last 4.5 billion years, days have slowed down to the 24 hours that we are familiar with now, and they will continue to slow down in the future.
The length of a day, or in other words the rotation(旋转)speed of the planet, plays a big part in its stability. Just like keeping a plate spinning on a stick, the key is to have the plate spinning fast, as if it slows down it falls to the floor. In a similar way, as the Earth’s rotation slows down, our whole planet may start to slowly shake.
If this were to happen, and the Earth became unstable, then parts of the world could experience much greater temperature changes. As humans we have the ability to adapt to our local surroundings to meet our needs. By the time any change occurred, humans might even have developed technology to solve the problem. So we have little to fear at present. Unfortunately most animals are not so adaptable and if these changes happened rapidly, then most animals would not be able to evolve(进化) quickly enough to survive.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。月球其实并不想整天围着地球转，她正在悄悄地一步一步地离地球而去。
8．What can we learn about the Moon when it was born?
A．It created a lot of pieces.
B．It had hit the Earth very hard.
C．It was about the size of Mars.
D．It sat much closer to the Earth.
D　解析：细节理解题。由第一段的the Moon was just 14，000 miles away from our planet, compared with a quarter of a million miles between the Earth and the Moon today可知，月球形成时期，她与地球离得比较近。
9．What will be the length of a day in the future?
A．Around 5 hours.
B．Shorter than 5 hours.
C．Still around 24 hours.
D．Longer than 24 hours.
D　解析：推理判断题。由第二段的The Moon is getting away from the Earth和第三段的when the Moon was newly formed, days were five hours long...days have slowed down to the 24 hours...now, and they will continue to slow down in the future可知，由于月球正在一点点地远离地球，在未来的日子里一天的时间将会变得更长，超过24小时。
10．In Paragraph 4, what is the plate compared to?
A．The Moon.　　 B．The Earth.
C．The stick. D．The floor.
B　解析：推理判断题。由倒数第二段的In a similar way, as the Earth’s rotation slows down可知，此处作者是把地球的旋转比喻成在棍子上旋转的盘子。
11．How does the author look at the Earth’s slowdown?
A．Humans won’t get used to it.
B．It will be good for most animals.
C．There is no need to worry now.
D．It will bring a better climate.
C　解析：细节理解题。由最后一段的As humans we have the ability to adapt to our local surroundings to meet our needs. By the time...have developed technology to solve the problem. So we have little to fear at present.可知，作者对地球转速减慢并不感到担心，因为他知道人类终将想出应对办法。
语法填空
During my high school, I 1.____________(play) football, basketball, and soccer, and I was on the track team.But from that day on, boxing was the sport that I liked 2.____________(much), because it’s more 3.____________(challenge) and exciting to me.I found that I enjoyed the thrill of the one?on?one competition.I also liked the fact that it was up to me 4.____________ I won or lost—that I was the determining factor.I think I’ve always been a competitor, and winning would give me 5.____________(satisfy) and a good feeling about myself.I wanted to win—every time.
I started training with the man 6.____________ got me into the ring that first time.With him 7.____________(act) as my boxing coach, friend, mentor, and a father figure for me 8.____________(look) up to, I learned that boxing is a sweet science where I could use my brain as well as my strength and size.I used my ability to focus under pressure.9.____________(train) by him for several years, I went from being a street fighter 10.____________ a gold medal?winning Olympic champion.
1．played　解析： 考查动词的时态。 根据下文的I was on the track team.可知， 此处用一般过去时。
2．most　解析： 考查副词的最高级。 句意： 但是从那天起， 拳击是我最喜欢的运动了。 故用最高级。
3．challenging　解析： 考查词性转换。 此处意为： 因为它更具有挑战性。challenging adj.具有挑战性的。
4．whether　解析： 考查连词的用法。 句意： ……我无论是赢还是输……whether...or...无论……还是……
5．satisfaction　解析： 考查词性转换。 句意： 获胜给我满足感。 故用名词作宾语。
6．who　解析： 考查定语从句的引导词。 此处引导定语从句， 修饰the man。
7．acting　解析： 考查非谓语动词。 此处的the man与act之间是逻辑上的主谓关系， 故用现在分词作宾补。
8．to look　解析： 考查非谓语动词。 此处是不定式作后置定语。 “……我所敬重的父亲般的人物。 ”
9．Trained/ Having been trained　解析： 考查非谓语动词。 在被他训练几年之后……
10．to　解析： 考查介词的用法。 此处是from...to...短语， 意为： 从……到……
书面表达
假设你是李华，最近从你的美国笔友Sandy的email中得知你的另一个笔友John迷上了打电子游戏。请你根据下面的提示用英语给John写一封电子邮件劝说他不要沉迷游戏。
1．告知如何得知信息；
2．描述沉迷于打电子游戏的危害(导致视力下降、浪费金钱、影响学习等)；
3．你的建议。
注意：1.词数 100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear John，
I am sorry to learn from Sandy that you are addicted to playing computer games.
In some way, playing computer games can help us relax. But it’s not good to be addicted to it. First, it will cause you to be near?sighted. Second, it may cost you a lot of money. What’s more, it will have a bad effect on your study, for you spend most time on playing computer games.
So you’d better get rid of your bad habit and there are ways to help you. When you feel like playing computer games, try doing something else. Moreover, taking up a new hobby is a nice idea. Hope you will give it up soon.
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua







PAGE



22



(共46张PPT)
Unit 4　Helping people around the world
Section Ⅳ　Grammar & Writing
本部分内容讲解结束
按ESC键退出全屏播放
语法精讲,专项突破
语法透斬·专题训练
写作指导吵笔生花
技法指导·佳作赏析
(共20张PPT)
本部分内容讲解结束
按ESC键退出全屏播放