Unit 3 The world of science
Science moves，but slowly，slowly，creeping on from point to point.
—Tennyson
科学在发展，不过是慢慢地、慢慢地，一点一点向前爬行。
——丁尼生
Every great advance in science has issued from a new audacity of imagination.
—Emerson
科学上的每一重大进步都来自一种新的大胆的设想。
——爱默生
Men love to wonder，and that is the seed of our science.
—Emerson
人总是爱异想天开，这就是我们科学的种子。
——爱默生
Equipped with his five senses，man explores the universe around him and calls the adventure science.
—Edwin Powell
人生来具有五种感官，他们探索周围的世界并将这种冒险称为科学。
——埃德温·鲍威尔
Science，Good or Evil？Science has brought many changes to the whole of society.It is hardly too much to say science is the most important factor in the progression of human beings.The great developments in medicine，computer，transportation etc.have lengthened our life expectancy.However，science also gives us lots of problems：pollution，energy crises，the nuclear bomb and more serious computer crimes.Despite all these，we still spare no efforts in the development of science and technology.It is really true that everything has two sides.
Huawei 5G technology means more than
quicker communication
Supported by the Huawei technology，Vodafone Espana commercialized the first 5G mobile services in Spain on Saturday.The 5G network can make a huge difference.About half of the population in 15 major Spanish cities including Madrid and Barcelona are involved，which makes the country among the first that used 5G services in Europe.
Vodafone Espana's using the Huawei 5G technology means not only communication 10 times faster in Spain，but also a step closer to the excitements like autonomous driving，tele?medicine and virtual reality in everyday life.Another thing that is certain is that the United States' effort to block the global 5G technology leader Huawei from the 5G network market at their expense will not work.
It is a fact worth mentioning that Huawei has been in cooperation with most of the major mobile operators across Europe.Spain is not the first in Europe to use Huawei technology，and is surely not the last one.
[探索发现]
1．What do you know about Huawei and its products?
2．How do you like the scientific inventions around you?
3．What do you want to invent most？And why?
[答案] 1.It's a China's big company and the products are very good.
2．They let us enjoy all the comfort and convenience.
3．略
Section Ⅰ Preparation for the unit
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a．给下列单词选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.virtual A．n.电池
( )2.battery B．adj.精确的
( )3.passive C．adj.虚拟的，模拟的
( )4.significant D．n.物种
( )5.injure E．n.东西，物品
( )6.stuff F．v.使受伤，弄伤
( )7.accurate G．n.起源，起因
( )8.minor H．adj.聪颖的，才华横溢的
( )9.origin I．adj.重要的，影响深远的
( )10.species J．n.学说，理论
( )11.brilliant K．n.声明，宣告
( )12.theory L．adj.小的
( )13.declaration M．n.证据，证明
( )14.proof N．adj.被动的
[答案] 1－5 CANIF 6－10 EBLGD 11－14 HJKM
b．给下列短语选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.instead of A．被……系到……上；附属于
( )2.in addition B．依据；按照；在……方面
( )3.thanks to C．另外，而且
( )4.in terms of D．通向；导致
( )5.be capable of E．而且，更重要的是
( )6.what's more F．集中于
( )7.lead to G．有能力做某事
( )8.apart from H．连同……一起；与……一道
( )9.focus on I．除……之外
( )10.be attached to J．由于；多亏了
( )11.more than one K．代替；而不是……
( )12.along with L．不止一个
[答案] 1－5 KCJBG 6－10 EDIFA 11－12 LH
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．press v． 按
2．shoot v. 射出(光、亮等)，放射
3．flexible adj. 易弯曲的，柔韧的
4．capable adj. 有能力的
5．desire n. 渴望，欲望
6．beyond prep. 无法……
7．significant adj. 重要的，影响深远的
8．mental adj. 精神的；精神健康的
9．experiment n. (科学)实验
10．attach v. 系，绑；贴
11．conduct v. 传导(热、电)
12．entirely adv. 完全地，彻底地
13．account n. 记述，描述
14．procedure n. 程序，步骤，手续
Ⅰ.语境填空
conducted；declaration；batteries；shot；experiments；
desire；injured；attached；flexible；beyond
1．The strong light shot out by the flashlight hurt the eyes of the policeman.
2．Find a thin and flexible tube，put into the hole and maybe it will work.
3．Charge the batteries in time in case you need them anytime while travelling.
4．This is really beyond my ability but I can recommend an expert for you.
5．Sometimes we must hold back our really desire and learn to pretend.
6．Take the injured old man to the nearest hospital first and then come back.
7．The declaration is timely and is just like an alarm to the people making trouble.
8．The light attached to the head of the farmer helps him to work more conveniently.
9．Heat can be conducted quickly by metals so you feel cool when you touch an iron stick.
10．Inventions often arise from many times of experiments and failures and sometimes great loss.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．We were entirely(entire) confused by what he said in the meeting.
2．The new drug has great significance (significant)for the treatment of the disease.
3．Two players are out of the team because of injury (injure) and we need subs.
4．Only a small minority (minor)of students are interested in politics these days.
5．They will sign the declaration (declare) as soon as they arrive.
6．You can find the pictures of details in the attachment (attach) of the e?mail.
7．The room still has many of its original(origin) features and the items used by the couple.
8．He took a very scientific(science) way to deal with the trouble in his work.
9．Temperature becomes uniform by heat conduction (conduct)．
10．Scientists know that all experimental (experiment) results are variable and not fixed.
1．Good evening，and welcome to Between the Pages.
晚上好，欢迎来到《字里行间》。
2．For example，advances in virtual reality and wearable tech，as well as the flexible battery，mean we should soon be seeing further developments.
例如，虚拟现实以及可穿戴技术方面的进步，以及可折叠电池，意味着我们应该很快就会看到进一步的发展。
3．In terms of the environment，it is now possible to create an intelligent walking house.
在环境方面，现在有可能创造一个智能步行屋。
4．Franklin then touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock.
然后富兰克林用手指触摸了一下钥匙，感到了电击。
5．In fact，more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head.
事实上，不止一种说法表明，虽然牛顿的灵感来自一个下落的苹果，但没有证据表明它击中了他的头部。
课文助读
①welcome to 欢迎来到……
②I'll be talking to...，will be doing将来进行时；talk to 对某人讲话，和某人聊天
③whose引导定语从句，在从句中作new book的定语
④It's a pleasure to do很高兴做某事
⑤have been asked 现在完成时的被动语态
⑥It suggests that“表明”，suggest此处意思是“表明”，另外还可以表示“建议”。that引导宾语从句
⑦present adj.当前的；在场的
⑧point n．观点；point of view 观点
⑨there have been，there be句型的现在完成时形式
⑩think of 想到，想起
?gunpowder n．火药
?compass n．指南针，罗盘
?find oneself in 发现自己处于……状态，find＋宾语＋补语的结构
? for example 例如，举例说明
?virtual reality 虚拟现实；virtual adj.虚拟的，模拟的
?wearable tech 可穿戴技术；wear＋able→ wearable
? as well as 既……又……；除……之外(也)；此外
? flexible adj.易弯曲的，柔韧的
? battery n．电池；复数为batteries
? further developments 进一步的发展。further是far的比较级，表示“更远的；更进一步的，深一层的”。
in addition 除……之外
have been made 现在完成时的被动语态
thanks to 多亏了，幸亏，由于
increasing adj.不断增长的
power n．能力；功率；力量；权力；大国
give sb.some examples 给某人举例说明
have been used 现在完成时的被动语态
replacement n．代替；归还；replace v．代替；放回原处
in terms of 就……而言；根据
it is...possible to do 做某事是可能的
intelligent adj.聪明的；理解力强的
be capable of 有能力做某事
with computing technology controlling its“legs”，with的复合结构computing technology是宾语，controlling its“legs”是宾语补足语
what's more而且
eco?friendly adj.对生态环境友好的，不妨害生态环境的
stuff n．东西，物品
have been told 现在完成时的被动语态
inventor n．发明家；invent v．发明
work as作为
I see 我明白了
what is it that...强调句型的特殊疑问句形式，正常语序是：it is what that...
inspire sb.to 激励某人做某事
start with 开始
that引导定语从句，修饰前面的problem，that在从句中作主语，不可以省略
no doubt 无疑地；固然
which引导非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作主语
develop into 发展成，演化为
reduced adj.被减少的
environmental adj.环境的，与环境有关的
lead to 通向，导致
what remains important is that，what remains important 是主语从句，what在从句中作主语，that引导的是表语从句，解释说明主语
desire to do 做某事的欲望 desire n．欲望，渴望
the one 代指前面的question
you've been watching，have been doing sth.是现在完成进行时，表示过去某一动作持续到现在
has been invented 现在完成时的被动语态
Never say never！永不言弃！
课文呈现
The New Age of Invention
Interviewer：Good evening，and ①welcome to Between the Pages.This evening，②I'll be talking to Dr Richard Fairhurst，③whose new book The New Age of Invention has just been published.Welcome，Richard!
Richard：Thank you.④It's a pleasure to be here.
Interviewer：I guess you ⑤have been asked about the title of your book before.⑥It suggests that the ⑦present day is a new age for inventions，but many people might think that the great age of invention is over.
Richard：Well，that's an interesting ⑧point.⑨There have been golden ages of invention throughout history.⑩Think of the four great inventions in Ancient China：? gunpowder，papermaking，printing and the ? compass.These things changed the world forever.Then there were the great Western inventions：the steam engine，the telephone and the radio.And now，we ? find ourselves in the great new age of technology.
Interviewer：So are most of the new great inventions tech?based?
Richard：A lot，yes.? For example，advances in ?virtual reality and ?wearable tech，?as well as the ?flexible?battery，mean we should soon be seeing?further developments.In addition，important advanceshave been made in medicine and environmental sciencethanks toincreasing computerpower.
Interviewer：Can yougive us some examples?
Richard：Sure.New inventions like 3D printershave been used to makereplacement hearts and bone parts.In terms of the environment，it is now possible to create anintelligent walking house.Itis capable of using GPS technology to travel to different places，with computing technology controlling its“legs”.What's more，huge advances in solar technology mean it can beeco?friendly，too.
Interviewer：Impressivestuff！Ihave also been told that you're aninventor yourself.Is that correct?
Richard：Yes，I am，but I'm only one member of a big team — most inventors nowwork as part of big international teams.
Interviewer：I see.Sowhat is it thatinspires us to invent things?
Richard：Most inventionsstart with recognising a problemthat needs a solution.This wasno doubt the reason behind the invention of the wheel in ancient times，which much laterdeveloped into the car.Now，reduced energy supplies andenvironmental pollution haveled to more advances in the technology of new energy vehicles.Butwhat remains important is that we have an incredibledesire to think and create，and that's the real spirit of invention.
Interviewer：One last question.This isthe one everyone really wants to know：will anybody ever invent a time machine?
Richard：I thinkyou've been watching too many movies！Nothing like thishas been invented yet and I'd say we're a long way from an invention like that at the moment！But，as they say，“Never say never！”
译文参考
发明的新时代
记者：晚上好，欢迎来到《字里行间》。今晚，我将和理查德·费尔赫斯特博士交流，他的新书《发明的新时代》刚刚出版。欢迎，理查德！
理查德：谢谢你。很高兴来到这里。
记者：我想以前有人问过你这本书的书名。这表明当今是一个发明的新时代，但许多人可能认为发明的伟大时代已经结束了。
理查德：嗯，这是个有趣的观点。历史上有过发明创造的黄金时代。想想中国古代的四大发明：火药、造纸术、印刷术和指南针。这些东西永远地改变了世界。然后是西方的伟大发明：蒸汽机、电话和无线电。现在，我们发现自己正处在一个伟大的新技术时代。
记者：那么，大多数新的伟大发明都是以技术为特征的吗？
理查德：很多，是的。例如，虚拟现实以及可穿戴技术方面的进步，以及可折叠电池，意味着我们应该很快就会看到进一步的发展。此外，由于计算机能力的提高，医学和环境科学也取得了重大进展。
记者：你能给我们举几个例子吗？
理查德：当然。像3D打印机这样的新发明已经被用来制造替代心脏和骨骼部分。在环境方面，现在有可能创造一个智能步行屋，它可以使用GPS技术各处旅行，用计算技术控制它的“腿”。而且，太阳能技术的巨大进步意味着它也可以是环保的。
记者：令人印象深刻的东西！我还听说你自己就是个发明家。对吧？
理查德：是的。但我只是一个大团队中的一员——现在大多数发明家都在大型国际团队中工作。
记者：我明白了。那么，是什么激励我们去发明东西呢？
理查德：大多数发明都是从认识到需要解决的问题开始的。毫无疑问，这就是古代发明轮子的原因，很久以后轮子就发展成了汽车。现在，能源供应的减少和环境污染导致了新能源汽车技术的进步。但仍然重要的是，我们有难以置信的渴望去思考和创造，这才是真正的发明精神。
记者：最后一个问题。这是一个每个人都想知道的问题：会有人发明时间机器吗？
理查德：我觉得你看的电影太多了！目前还没有这样的发明，我想说，现在我们离这样的发明还有很长的路要走！但是，正如他们所说，“永不言弃！”
速读P26－27教材课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确的，还是错误的，还是没有提及。
1．It is the first time that Richard has been asked about the title of his book？( )
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
2．The four great inventions in Ancient China changed the world forever.( )
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．Flexible batteries are used in many fields besides solar energy.( )
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．Computer power is increasing with many advances in different areas.( )
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．We can get all our body parts with 3D printers.( )
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 BACAC
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．using GPS technology
B．making replacement body parts
C．basing themselves on technology
D．referring to the new age of invention
E．watching too many movies
F．changing the world forever
1．The interviewer is talking with Richard about the book ．
2．Ancient China has the four great inventions ．
3．Many advances are made in different fields ．
4．3D printing technology has used in many ways，such as ．
5．The intelligent walking house can travel to different places ．
6．The interviewer asks about a time machine because of ．
[答案] 1－6 DFCBAE
Ⅲ.表格填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入合适的单词或短语。
Topic Interviewer Richard
Greetings Tonight I 1.will be talking to Dr Richard Fairhurst.Welcome！ It is a 2.pleasure to be here.
The age of inventions Is it over or just new and great？ There 3.have been golden ages in Ancient China and West.
The new great inventions Are most of them 4.based on technology？ A lot.Many 5.advances in different fields have been made 6.thanks to technology and computer power.
Ask for some examples？ Body parts made by 3D printers and an intelligent 7.walking house using GPS technology to travel.What's more，advances in solar energy are 8.eco?friendly.
The inspiration for the invent What is it？ Most inventions9.start with recognisinga problem that needs a solution.
For the future Will anybody invent a time machine？ Not 10.at the moment，but never say never！
细读P26－27教材课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
细读课文，匹配段落大意。
1．Paragraphs 1－2 A．The advances in different
areas thanks to technology.
2．Paragraphs 3－4 B．The inspiration for more
inventions.
3．Paragraphs 5－8 C． Greeting between the interviewer and
Richard.
4．Paragraphs 9－12 D．The possibility of making time
machine.
5．Paragraphs 13－14 E．The on?going great age of
invention.
[答案] 1－5 CEABD
Ⅱ.单项选择
细读课文，选择最佳答案
1．What's the passage mainly about?
A．The publishing of a new book.
B．Four great inventions in Ancient China.
C．The new changes in the invention today.
D．What inspires a man to invent something.
2．Why does Richard mention the four great inventions in Ancient China?
A．To prove the golden ages of invention in history.
B．To tell us the importance of the four inventions.
C．To share his knowledge about the four inventions.
D．To compare them with the great Western inventions.
3．What new inventions are NOT mentioned in the text?
A．Virtual reality and wearable tech.
B．The flexible battery and the 3D printers.
C．The inventions made by Richard.
D．The replacement of human organs.
4．What is Richard's attitude to inventing a time machine?
A．Negative. B．Optimistic.
C．Critical. D．Supportive.
5．What do we know about the new great inventions today?
A．All of them are tech?based.
B．Computer technology helps a lot.
C．The solar technology is always eco?friendly.
D．A solution to a problem is an invention.
[答案] 1－5 CACBB
Ⅲ.概要写作微技能
概要写作微技能——支撑信息
A．文中表示支撑信息的句子。
1．For example，advances in virtual reality and wearable tech，as well as the flexible battery，mean we should soon be seeing further developments.
2．New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts.
3．In terms of the environment，it is now possible to create an intelligent walking house.
B．判断下列哪个不是表示支撑信息的句子。
1．Think of the four great inventions in Ancient China：gunpowder，paper?making，printing and the compass.
2．Most inventions start with recognising a problem that needs a solution.
3．Now，reduced energy supplies and environmental pollution have led to more advances in the technology of new energy vehicles.
[答案] 2
PAGE
- 1 -
SectionⅡ Starting out & Understanding ideas
1．virtual adj.模拟的→virtually adv.模拟
2．flexible adj.易弯曲的，柔韧的；有弹性的→inflexible adj.僵化的→flexibly adv.灵活地；易曲地；柔软地；有弹性地 →flexibility n．灵活性；柔韧度
3．capable adj.有能力的→capably adv.有能力地→capability n．才能，能力
1．press v．压，按，靠着；按(按钮或开关)n.新闻报道；新闻界；印刷机；出版社
①The press have been very critical about him and his family.新闻界
②Judging from the press，the concert was a great success.新闻报道
③Since the invention of printing press，poems became more popular.印刷机
④She pressed her face against the window with tears running down.压，按，靠着
⑤Drago pressed a button and the door closed before we walked in.按(按钮或开关)
⑥The dictionary was published by Oxford University Press.出版社
2．shoot v．射出(光、亮等)；射门，投球；射击；拍摄
①Smith shot the wolf and then took the baby wolf away.射击
②Giggs shot the ball from the halfway line and got the point.射门
③The movie was shot in New Zealand in the winter of 2018.拍摄
④A strong white light shot into the sky and then an explosion followed.射出(光、亮等)
3．hold up举起； 支撑；延误， 阻滞； 持枪抢劫(银行、商店等)
①She held up her arm and wiped her tears off.举起
②This old tree is held up by a post.支撑
③A thief ran off after holding up a petrol station.持枪抢劫
④The train was held up by heavy fog last night.延误
Words And Phrases
invention n．发明，创意，创造
(教材P26) Read the interview and find out what inventions are mentioned.
阅读这则采访，找出文中提到了什么发明。
[例1] Papermaking was a wonderful invention at the time.造纸术在当时是一项了不起的发明。
[例2] Such changes have not been seen since the invention of the printing machine.
自从发明了印刷机，这种改变还没有出现过。
[造句] 请告诉我们，你是怎么想到你那个发明的。
Tell us how you get the idea for your invention.
[知识拓展]
invent v． 发明，创造
inventor n. 发明家；创造者；发明者
inventive adj. 善于发明的；有创造力的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We really don't know who invented(invent)the machine at that time.
②The inventive (invent) boy was admired by the classmates around him.
[小片段填空]
The great inventor was hardworking and it was the years of efforts that led to the invention coming into being.The inventive young man was admired by the king and was invited to invent more in the court.
这位伟大的发明家很努力工作，正是他多年的努力才会有了他的发明的形成。这位善于发明的年轻人得到了国王的赏识，并被邀请到皇宫里发明更多的东西。
flexible adj.易弯曲的，柔韧的，灵活的；有弹性的
(教材P26) For example，advances in virtual reality and wearable tech，as well as the flexible battery，mean we should soon be seeing further developments.
例如，虚拟现实以及可穿戴技术方面的进步，以及可折叠电池，意味着我们应该很快就会看到进一步的发展。
[例1] Flexible working hours prove to be useful and effective in improving the work.
弹性工作时间在促进工作方面证明是有用且有效的。
[例2] The hair on the brush is flexible enough for you to use in different types of paper.
这只毛笔的毛足够柔韧，可以让你在不同类型的纸张上使用。
[造句] 这款柔性电池的用处相当大。
The flexible batteries of this type can be used in many ways.
[知识拓展]
flexibility n． 柔韧性；灵活性
flexibly adv. 易曲地，柔软地；灵活地
inflexible adj. 不灵活的，柔韧性差的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①How to face all kinds of members intelligently and flexibly(flexible)?
②The age limit for new members may be handled with great flexibility(flexible)．
in addition 除此之外；另外
(教材P27) In addition，important advances have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power.
此外，由于计算机能力的提高，医学和环境科学也取得了重大进展。
[例1] The hotel itself can accommodate 80 guests and in addition，there are several self?catering apartments.
酒店本身可容纳80名客人，此外，还有几个自助餐饮公寓。
[例2] Unfortunately，the local leaders invested the money unwisely and lost much.In addition，they used millions more dollars for personal expenses.
然而不幸的是，地方领导投资失误，损失惨重。另外，他们还将数百万美元的钱财挪为己用。
[造句] 你需要钱和时间，此外还需要努力。
You need money and time.In addition，you need hard work.
[知识拓展]
(1)in addition to＝besides
＝apart/aside from/as well as
除……之外，还……
(2)additional adj. 额外的，附加的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In addition to reading(read) for knowledge，we read for fun and inspiration.
②His generous donation filled our need for additional (addition) funds.
in terms of 依据；按照；在……方面；以……措词
(教材P27) In terms of the environment，it is now possible to create an intelligent walking house.
在环境方面，现在有可能创造一个智能步行屋。
[例1] This title ranks alongside the Olympics in terms of importance.
这项冠军的重要程度可与奥运会冠军媲美。
[例2] The job is great in terms of salary，but it has its disadvantages.
就薪水而言，这个工作倒是挺不错的，但也有一些不利之处。
[造句] 就费用而言，你考虑收费多少？
In terms of the cost，how much were you thinking of charging?
[知识拓展]
term n． 学期；术语
in the short term 从短期来看；就眼前来说
in the long term 从长远来看
on one's own terms 按照自己的条件
be on good terms with 友好，关系良好；按条件
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I'll only take the job on my own terms.
②Such a development seems unlikely，at least in the short term.
[小片段填空]
In the short term we should study hard every day while in the long term we should attach importance to our social skills and our study at the same time.In terms of our dream，we should pay attention to every step on our way to success.As far as possible，without giving up，be on good terms with all persons around you.
短期来看我们应该每天努力学习，而长远来看我们应该把重点同时放在社交技能和学习两方面。就梦想而言，我们应该注意成功道路上的每一步。只要有可能，不放弃，同所有人保持良好的关系。
capable adj.有能力的；足以胜任的
(教材P27) It is capable of using GPS technology to travel to different places，with computing technology controlling its“legs”．
它可以使用GPS技术各处旅行，用计算技术控制它的“腿”。
[例1] He's quite capable of lying to get out of trouble.
靠撒谎渡过难关他挺有一套。
[例2] I'm perfectly capable of doing it myself，thank you.谢谢，我完全有能力自己做。
[造句] 你有能力做得比这更好。
You are capable of better work than this.
[知识拓展]
be capable of 有能力做某事
incapable adj. 没有能力(做某事)；不能自理的
capably adv. 能干地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The children seem to be totally capable of walking (walk)by themselves.
②If people keep telling you you're incapable (capable)，you begin to lose confidence in yourself.
[小片段填空]
The capable man was regarded as very boring to work with and was found lying in the road，drunk and incapable．So don't think that you are capable of doing everything.Sometimes you can't even capably deal with the relationship between people around you.
这个有能力的人被认为和他一起工作很乏味，随后他被发现躺在路边，烂醉如泥。所以不要认为你啥都能干。有时你甚至不能处理好和你身边人的关系。
lead to 导致；通向
(教材P27) Now，reduced energy supplies and environmental pollution have led to more advances in the technology of new energy vehicles.
现在，能源供应的减少和环境的污染导致了新能源汽车技术的进步。
[例1] Such a mistake would perhaps lead to disastrous results.
这样一种错误可能导致灾难性的后果。
[例2] All roads lead to Rome.
条条大路通罗马。
[造句] 过量的工作和过少的休息会引起疾病。
Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.
[知识拓展]
lead sb.to＋ someplace 带领某人到某地
lead to sb./sth.doing sth. 使得某人/某物做某事
lead sb.to do sth. 使某人做某事
lead a happy life 过着幸福的生活
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Our English teacher has a strange way of leading us to study (study) English actively.
②This street leads you to the station and you can find the supermarket nearby.
Sentence Patterns
will be doing 将来进行时
(教材P26) This evening，I will be talking to Dr Richard Fairhurst，whose new book The New Age of Invention has just been published.
今晚，我将和理查德·费尔赫斯特博士交流，他的新书《发明的新时代》刚刚出版。
句式分析：该句的时态是将来进行时，其结构是will be doing 表示将来的一段时间或者一个时间点上正在进行的动作或者持续的状态。
[例1] I'll be staying with my friend at this time tomorrow.明天这个时候我将正和朋友呆在一起。
[例2] They will be flying across the Atlantic at 5 o'clock this afternoon.
今天下午五点钟他们将正在飞越大西洋。
[造句] 我下个星期来看你。
I will be seeing you next week.
[知识拓展]
(1)表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，一般带时间状语。
(2)表示已经决定或安排好的要发生的动作。
(3)表示预料中要发生的动作。
(4)与一般将来时的区别：
will/shall＋动词原形通常表示临时决定或个人意愿，将来进行时没有这层用法。be going to do表示计划、打算和安排要发生或有种种迹象表明将要发生的事，而将来进行时表示主观上臆断和猜测要发生某事。
[翻译]
①It is a terribly heavy box.I will help you to carry it.(我来帮你)
②Look at the clouds.It is going to rain soon.(将要下雨)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Please come tomorrow afternoon，I will be having (have) a meeting tomorrow morning.
②The bad weather！Hopefully，when he wakes (wake) up tomorrow morning，the sun will be shining.
with复合结构
(教材P27) It is capable of using GPS technology to travel to different places，with computing technology controlling its“legs”．
它可以使用GPS技术各处旅行，用计算技术控制它的“腿”。
句式分析：本句中with computing technology controlling its “legs” 是“with ＋ 宾语＋宾语补足语”的复合结构。因宾语computing technology和宾语补足语之间是逻辑主谓关系，所以宾语补足语用v.?ing形式，表示主动。该结构常作原因、条件、时间、方式或伴随状语，也可作后置定语。
[例1] I won't be able to go on holiday with the heavy rain going on.
因为外面下大雨，我无法去度假。
[例2] He lay on his back，with his eyes looking up into the sky.
他仰面躺着，眼向上盯着天空。
[造句] 冬天来了，该买厚衣服了。
With winter coming on，it's time to buy warm clothes.
[知识拓展]
常见的with复合结构：
with＋宾语＋形容词/副词/介词短语
with＋宾语＋doing(表主动、进行)
with＋宾语＋done(表被动、完成)
with＋宾语＋to do(表未做)
[翻译]
①He is used to sleeping with the window open at night in summer.(窗户开着)
②The teacher came in with a book in his hand．(手里一本书)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①With so many things to do (do)，I won't have time to go out tonight.
②With the problem settled(settle)，he was very happy.
强调句型
(教材P27) So what is it that inspires us to invent things？那么是什么激励着我们去发明东西呢？
句式分析：本句为强调句型的疑问句，其基本结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that(指人时可用who)＋其他部分”。被强调的部分通常是句子的主语、宾语和状语。
[例1] It was in the street that I met Li Hua.
我是在大街上遇到李华的。
[例2] It was Li Hua who/that I met in the street.
在大街上我遇到的是李华。
[造句] 他刚才见你的地方是在办公室吗？
Was it in the office that he saw you just now?
[知识拓展]
(1)强调句的一般疑问句：Was/Is it＋被强调部分＋that(强调人时可用who)．..?
强调句的特殊疑问句形式：疑问词(被强调部分)＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其余部分．..?
(2)until引导的时间状语从句的强调句型：It is/was not until...that...
(3)强调句型的判别方式：把it is/was及that 去掉，调整后依然是一个完整的句子；否则，就不是强调句型。
(4)在强调句型中，当强调主语时，其后的谓语动词应同被强调成分的人称和数保持一致。
[翻译]
①It was not until twelve o'clock last night that I went to bed.(直到昨晚十二点)
②It was when he took his sunglasses that I recognized him.(他摘下来墨镜的时候)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It was Haydn who/that encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna.
②I wanted to figure out when was it that they went abroad.
1．(教材P26) It suggests that the present day is a new age for inventions，but many people might think that the great age of invention is over.
[分析] 该句是but连接的并列复合句。but前后两个都是主从复合句。前后两个句子中that引导的都是宾语从句，分别作动词suggest和think的宾语。
[译文] 这表明当今是一个发明的新时代，但许多人可能认为发明的伟大时代已经结束了。
2．(教材P26) For example，advances in virtual reality and wearable tech，as well as the flexible battery，mean we should soon be seeing further developments.
[分析] 该句是个主从复合句。主句的主语是advances in virtual reality and wearable tech，谓语动词是mean；谓语动词后面的部分是宾语从句；其中的as well as the flexible battery是插入语，表示补充说明。
[译文] 例如，虚拟现实以及可穿戴技术方面的进步，以及可折叠电池，意味着我们应该很快就会看到进一步的发展。
教材 高考
1.A faint blue light shot across it，darkening to purple，and presently she could see the image of her son，who lived on the other side of the earth，and he could see her. (2016·全国卷Ⅱ)In fact，they were shot from 1914 through 1916，most of them after a disastrous shipwreck，by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival.
2.In addition，important advances have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power. (2017·江苏卷)In addition，the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom's voice were rewarded with the most food.
3.British biologist Charles Darwin (1809－1882) is best known for his work On the Origin of Species，in which he explains changes in species due to natural selection. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．With so loud noises going (go) outside，the students couldn't concentrate on study.
2．It is because he was late for school more than twice that he was punished to clean the floor.
3．The crazy dog was shot (shoot) dead，then burned and buried deep into the mud.
4．In terms of the environment，we owe it an apology because of the heavy pollution.
5．The old man was forced to press (press) his finger on the contract.
6．Many college students came here with the national flags held (hold) up in their hands.
7．At this time next week I will be sitting(sit)on a beach in Greece.
8．His careless operation led to his losing (lose) most of his money lent from his neighbours.
9．First，choose the hand you often use so that you can apply it flexibly (flexible)．
10．The latest inventions (invention) in Shanghai Import Expo leave a deep impression.
Ⅱ.短语填空
lead to；in terms of；no doubt；thanks to；give sb.some examples；be capable of；virtual reality；instead of；what's more；in addition
1．As we all know，hard work is essential for our career to lead to success.
2．In terms of what he said，he knows nothing about the accident this morning.
3．But no doubt you studied in the same senior high school as I did.
4．Thanks to the bad weather，we had more time playing indoor games with children.
5．The students couldn't understand me and asked me to give them some examples．
6．They hope will one day be capable of measuring aromas and flavors in wine.
7．Virtual reality couldn't be mixed with the real life or your life will be in a mess.
8．Instead of going travelling like others，I would like to stay at home during the holidays.
9．What's more，they can learn how to use English more properly.
10．In addition，he sometimes uses my things without asking me.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Dr Richard Fairhurst is 1. author of the book The New Age of Invention.Now he 2. (interview) by the reporter from Between the Pages.In Richard's opinion，there 3. (be) golden ages of invention throughout history and he also mentioned the four great 4. (invention) in Ancient China and the great ones in the West.But now most of the new great inventions are tech?based，for example，virtual reality and 5. (wear)tech.6. addition，important advances have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power.And a walking house is capable of 7. (use) GPS technology travel to different places.These 8. (impress) stuff makes the interviewer surprised.9. inspires Richard to invent things is recognizing a problem 10. needs a solution.
[答案] 1.the 2.is being interviewed 3.have been 4.inventions 5.wearable 6.In 7.using 8．impressive 9.What 10.that/which
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Section Ⅲ Using language
现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时是过去的动作或状态持续到现在并且已经完成，对现在造成的影响，可能持续发生下去。have/has been done是现在完成时的被动语态结构，主要用来表达动作已经被做，已经被完成，或者尚未被完成。
[观察例句]
阅读下列句子，并体会黑体部分的用法。
1．I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before.
2．New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts.
3．I guess someone has asked you about the title of your book before.
4．People have used new inventions like 3D printers to make replacement hearts and bone parts.
5．Something bad has happened to him.
6．The door has opened of itself.
7．The orphan has been well looked after.
[归纳用法]
现在完成时被动语态用法是高考的重要考点，学习时应该注意下列几点：
一、掌握现在完成时被动语态的构成
现在完成时被动语态的结构为has/have been done，使用has been done时主语为单数，使用have been done时主语为复数。如：
This book has been translated into many languages.
这本书已被译为多种语言。
His bikes have been sold out.
他的自行车已经卖完了。
二、理解现在完成时被动语态的概念
现在完成时被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作，它有两层意思：
(1)动作已经完成，强调对现在造成的影响或结果：
(2)主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系。如：
Our classroom has been cleaned，you needn't clean it now.
我们的教室已经被打扫过，你现在没必要再打扫了。
These flowers have been watered，you can go home.
这些花已经被浇水了，你可以回家了。
三、现在完成时被动语态的用法
1．用于不知道动作执行者是谁时
His bike has been stolen.
他的自行车被人偷了。(不清楚是被谁偷的)
2．用于动作执行者是泛指或不言自明时
Not a book in the library has been taken away.
图书馆里的书没有一本被人拿走。(没人拿书，泛指)
3．用于可以说出动作执行者但动作承受者是谈话中心或特别需要强调时
My watch has been repaired.
我的表修好了。
(表修好了是谈话的主旨，是谁修好无关紧要。不必提及)
4．用于出于委婉、礼貌而避免提及自己或对方时
Enough has been said here on this question.
关于这个问题，这里已经谈得不少了。
(意思是说：大家不要再说了)
5．用于文章标题、广告、新闻等中(常用省略助动词be的被动语态)
Road Blocked.
道路已被堵塞(新闻报道，省略了助动词has been)
6．用于动作的执行者不是人时
The house has been washed away by the storm.
那栋房子已被暴风雨冲走了。
7．用于商务书信中书信起草人是以公司名义时
Your letter has been received.
来信已收到。
四、掌握现在完成时被动语态的各种句型变换
从现在完成时被动语态结构has/have been done可以看出has/have为助动词，因此现在完成时被动语态的各种句型变换均应借助于has/have来完成。构成否定句时直接在has/have后面加not，构成一般疑问句时直接在has/have后面加not，构成一般疑问句时将has/have提前，如：
Has this bridge been finished?
这座桥竣工了吗？
His bad habits haven't been done away with.
他的坏习惯还没有改掉。
The blackboard has been cleaned，hasn't it?
黑板已经擦过了，是吗？
[即时训练] 把下列句子改成被动句。
1．We have cleaned our classroom.
→Our classroom has been cleaned.
2．He has sold out all his bikes in the shop.
→All his bikes in the shop have been sold out.
3．He hasn't finished his homework.
His homework hasn't been finished.
4．Grandma has taken care of the child all these years.
→The child has been taken care of by grandma all these years.
5．He has repaired the machine for two hours.
→The machine has been repaired for two hours.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Paper money has been used (use) for over a thousand years.
2．Great changes have taken (take) place in my hometown and a lot of factories have been set(set) up.
3．Come and sit down by the fire.Your hand has been felt (feel) cold.
4．The fire has got (get) to the fifth floor.Have all the people saved(save)?
5．—We want to sit at the table near the window.
—I'm sorry，but it has been taken(take)already.
6．Some of the chapters(片段)have been widely read (read) by many students.
7．Why don't you go to the book store to buy some books？Many new books have been brought (bring) there.
8．Till now，three films have been shown(show) in that small village this month.
9．Do you know the thief has been caught (catch) by the police?
10．My sister is working in the power plant that has been used (use) for just one year.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
Good morning，everybody！This has been my second trip 1.to Tokyo.And I would like to thank this school because I 2.have been invited (invite) to you this talk.I would like to focus 3.mainly(main) on how to improve your English for 4.practical (practice) purposes.It is my belief to improve a language.It is important for one to continuously use that language.In English，as in most languages，there are 4 main aspects of speaking，listening，reading and writing.I believe two 5.activities (activity) can help all four of these.Firstly reading in the newspaper 6.has been noted (note) to be able to help improve one's English.
However，I 7.personally(personal) feel that reading books is more useful.While my English 8.has been improved (improve) by newspaper reading，I feel that it may be too boring and not interesting to secondary school students.Books，on the other hand，of the past time，have many levels.The second activity that 9.has been thought (think) to be useful is watching the news.I know I just said that the news is boring，but watching the news can be interesting to students.Another advantage of watching the news as a post reading is that you can learn how to use body language while 10.speaking (speak)．I hope my speech has been helpful to all of you.Thank you for taking the time to listen!
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Section Ⅳ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
阅读 Reading 2 的材料，选出最佳选项
1．Who proved the Franklin's experiment was not true?
A．Franklin himself. B．His neighbors.
C．Some scientists. D．Some students.
2．Which story has also been mentioned and questioned?
A．Franklin's life story.
B．Franklin's work as a scientist.
C．Newton's theory of gravity.
D．Lightning made by electricity.
3．From the first two paragraphs，what do we know about the experiment?
A．Only Franklin wanted to know the relation between electricity and lightning.
B．Franklin taught many children about his findings in different schools.
C．People had already known the cause of lightning before Franklin's experiment.
D．As a scientist Franklin was admired for his attitude to science.
4．What people are inspired for in Franklin's story?
A．His bravery and approach.
B．The kite with a key tied to the string.
C．The stormy weather with lightning.
D．His touching on the metal key.
5．In which aspect Franklin's experiment was NOT true?
A．His story and the details of the experiment.
B．His bravery and his scientific approach.
C．The key tied to the string of the kite.
D．His death from the electric shock.
6．What do we know a bout the Newton's story?
A．The scientists didn't see the apple falling on Newton's head.
B．Scientists like to question everything around them.
C．No one can prove the apple really hit Newton on the head.
D．The falling apple inspired Newton to think deeply about why.
[答案] 1－6 CCDAAD
Words And Phrases
instance n．例子，实例
(教材P29) For instance，some restaurants in London have served 3D?printed hamburgers to customers.
例如，在伦敦，一些餐馆已经向顾客提供3D打印出来的汉堡了。
[例1] In many instances people were left without any money at all.
在很多情况下，人们会落到身无分文的地步。
[例2] What would you do，for instance，if you found a member of staff stealing?
比如说，如果你发现有职员偷东西，你会怎么办？
[造句] 很多地方都有了改进，比如鼠标的两个按键。
There are a number of improvements；for instance，the mouse buttons.
[知识拓展]
for instance 例如；譬如
in the first instance 首先；第一步
at sb.'s instance 经某人请求；在某人的敦促下
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In most instances (instance)，there will be no need for further treatment.
②In the first instance your child will be seen by an ear，nose，and throat specialist.
injure v．伤害；使受伤；损害；伤害(名誉、自尊等)
(教材P29) And it is not just humans who are benefiting — in Brazil, people have given a new 3D?printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire!
并且不仅仅是人类正在受益，在巴西，人们已经给一只在森林大火中受伤的海龟换上了一个3D打印出来的龟壳。
[例1] Too much smoking will injure the voice.
吸烟太多会损害嗓音。
[例2] Three people were killed and five injured in the crash.
撞车事故中有三人死亡，五人受伤。
[造句] 这会严重损害学校的声誉。
This could seriously injure the school's reputation.
[知识拓展]
injury n． 伤害；损伤；受伤处
injured adj. 受伤的
the injured 受伤的人
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The injury (injure)was quite painful and I couldn't move my arm for a month—I hated that.
②The woman injured (injury) in the car crash is still under treatment in hospital.
[小片段填空]
An injured man was taken to the hospital，where the doctors found he suffered severe injuries to the head and arms and they wondered who had injured him.
一个受伤的人被送到了医院，在那里医生发现他的头部和胳膊都受到了严重的伤害，他们很疑惑是谁伤害了他。
(教材P30) A mountain on the Moon and a minor planet are named after him.
月球上的一座山和一个小星球都是以他的名字命名的。
(1)minor adj.次要的；不重要的；小的
[例1] There are some very minor changes in words and punctuation.
在用词与标点方面有一些非常小的变化。
[例2] There may be some minor changes to the schedule.
时间安排也许会有些小小的变动。
[造句] 在这个组织中，这位老师发挥着相对次要的作用。
The teacher played a relatively minor role in the organization.
[知识拓展]
minority n． 少数；少数民族
in the minority 占少数
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①British households who do not have a car are only in the minority (minor)．
②Writing an article about two ethnic minorities(minority)．
[小片段填空]
There are 55 minorities in our country and there are some minor differences between them.That is to say，the differences between them are in the minority．
我们国家有55个少数民族，他们之间有一些较小的差异。也就是说他们之间的差异占少数。
(2)be named after以……命名
[例1] Bill was born after his father died one month later and was named after his father.
比尔在父亲去世后一个月出生，以其父亲的名字命名。
[例2] His name will remain unforgotten，for the greatest building was named after him.
他的名字不会被忘记，因为那座宏伟的建筑是以他的名字命名的。
[造句] 这座桥是用那位献出了生命的英雄的名字命名的。
The bridge was named after the hero who gave his life.
[知识拓展]
in the name of 以……的名义；代表
under the name (of) 用……的别名
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There are many schools and hospitals named (name) after a great man Shao Yifu.
②I would like to give you some advice in the name of a friend.
apart from 除……之外
(教材P32) Apart from being a successful statesman，he was also well known as a leading American author，printer and publisher，successful diplomat，creative scientist and inventor.
除了是个成功的政治家以外，富兰克林也因为下面的身份而知名：一流的美国作家，印刷和出版商，成功的外交家，有创意的科学家和发明家。
[例1] Apart from providing warmth，what was fire used for?
除了提供温暖之外，火是用来做什么的？
[例2] This essay is good apart from a couple of spelling mistakes.
除了有些拼写错误，这篇文章写得不错。
[造句] 除足球外你还喜欢哪些运动？
What other sports do you like apart from football?
[知识拓展]
apart from具有双重含义，既可以相当于except(for)/but，意为“除……以外，没有……，”又可以相当于besides/in addition to，意为“除……以外，还有……”。
in addition/besides另外，此外
tell...apart 区分开……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Apart from caring(care)for her children，she has to take on some heavy time?consuming housework.
②It's easy to tell my pills apart because they're all different colours.
attach vt.系；贴；连接
(教材P32) A metal key was attached to the string.
一个金属钥匙被拴在了绳子上。
[例1] He attached a stamp to the envelope.
他在信封上贴了张邮票。
[例2] They've attached a number of conditions to the agreement.
他们在协议上附加了一些条件。
[造句] 他把马拴在了树上小睡了一会儿。
He attached his horse to a tree and took a nap.
[知识拓展]
attachment n． 附件，依恋
be attached to 固定在……；依恋；附属于
attach importance to 重视
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We should attach importance to learning (learn) basic skills.
②People with disabilities can go anywhere using high?tech cameras attached (attach) to their head.
[小片段填空]
The young boy is studying in the Senior high that is attached to Shandong University.He attaches great importance to learning biology and becomes a scientist as Tu Youyou.Everyday he attaches some small pieces of paper to his desk where there are many key points from the textbook.
这个男孩子在山东大学附属高中读书，他很重视生物的学习，想当一名像屠呦呦那样的科学家。每天他都把课本上的知识点写在小纸片上，然后贴在书桌上。
Sentence Patterns
make＋宾语十宾补 结构
(教材P32) For example，the title “Franklin's Experiment：How Much Is True？”makes it clear what question is being answered within the essay.
例如题目“富兰克林的实验：真实性有多少？”表明了文章里面要回答的问题。
句式分析：make it clear 是“make＋宾语十宾补”结构的一种特殊形式，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为宾补后的that从句。
[例1] The police officer made it clear that they were letting him go on the ground that he was too old.
警官说明了一下他们把他放走基于他年龄大了。
[例2] I have to make it clear that we have one key problem：that is technology.
我想说清楚一点，我们的关键问题是技术问题。
[造句] 我想明确地说明我和这事没关系。
I'd like to make it clear that I had nothing to do with this.
[知识拓展]
“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”是一个常用句式。make后的宾语是不定式或that从句或动名词，宾语补足语是形容词或名词，如果宾语较长，且宾语后面有补语时，这时往往把形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上，把真正的宾语放在后面。
与make用法相同的常用动词还有：find，feel，think，consider等。
该句型为：make/find/feel/think/consider＋it＋adj./n.＋ that?clause/(for sb.)to do sth.
[翻译]
①We think it not right that a child should be left alone in the house.(认为是不对的)
②We found it difficult to explain to him what happened.(觉得困难)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We must make it a duty to protect our common global environment.
②The rain made it more difficult for us to finish (finish) the work on time.
neither...nor...既不……也不……
(教材P33) However，neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true.
然而故事和实验的细节都不完全真实。
句式分析：neither...nor...表示“既不……也不……”。其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成份。
[例1] Neither dad nor mum is at home today.
今天父母都不在家。
[例2] She likes neither butter nor cheese.
她既不喜欢黄油也不喜欢乳酪。
[造句] 他既不知道也不关心发生了什么。
He neither knows nor cares what happened.
[知识拓展]
(1)neither...nor...连接两个宾语．当neither...nor...连接两个主语时，也应遵循“就近原则”。
(2)若将neither...nor...句型变为肯定句，只需把neither...nor...改为both...and...即可，同时谓语动词必须用复数形式。
(3)还可以单独使用neither作主语，表示“两者中没有一个”。
(4)neither或nor还有另外一种用法，就是当表达一个人没有做某事，另一个人也没做同一类事时，可用neither或nor进行简略回答。
其结构为：Neither / Nor＋助动词 / 情态动词 / be动词＋主语。
[翻译]
① Neither of them likes football.(他俩任何一个都不)
②I haven't been to my father's hometown and neither has my sister．(我姐姐也没有)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I hadn't been to New York before and neither had Jane.
②He cannot see and nor could he hear until one month ago.
推理判断题(1)
提分技巧：推理判断题中也含有对细节的理解，考查的内容虽然也属于原文细节，但它要求考生在原文的基础上对文章信息进行分析、理解、推断，立足于由已知推断未知。首先要定位信息。通过速读找到题目和文章中相对应的信息点；其次是字面理解。理解相关信息点的字面意思；最后是深层理解。结合语境和常识，在理解字面意思的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。细节推断题的答案不能在文章中直接找到，但推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推理的依据，进行正向或逆向思考，推断出隐含的深层含义，推断时要做到判断有据，推论有理。切忌主观臆断、过度推断、错误推断和以细节代替推断。
[典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解C节选)
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years，but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter?gatherers，small，tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10，000 years ago，when the world had just five to ten million people，they spoke perhaps 12，000 languages between them.
...
28．What can we infer about languages in hunter?gatherer times?
A．They developed very fast.
B．They were large in number.
C．They had similar patterns.
D．They were closely connected.
B [根据本段最后一句“Some language experts believe that 10，000 years ago，when the world had just five to ten million people，they spoke perhaps 12，000 languages between them.”可推知，在狩猎时代，人口少，语言种类却很多，故选B。]
请迅速找出下面段落中的针对该题目的推理信息
At the age of 4，I began attending the choir at St.James Church.My mother decided that joining the choir would provide me with musical instruction.I was initially joined by a lot of kids at St.James，making choir a fun，social task，but as I grew older，one by one，my friends began dropping out.
St.James was situated on the Upper East Side，one of the fanciest areas in New York，while I came from the Brooklyn neighborhood of Bushwick.Some children at the choir proudly showed off the signs of their good education whose cost was nearly as much as my mother's yearly wage，while I wore my uniform of jeans and a T?shirt.They knew me as the girl from Brooklyn，the chorister who went to public school.This discrepancy(差异) made me very uncomfortable.
I begged my mom to let me follow the path of my friends，but she replied with a “no”．As the years went on，I continued to bother my mother.Her answers began to lessen in severity.She said “Just do it for one more year” or “Are you sure？” Not seeing much hope，I began to withdraw my constant requests.Gradually I enjoyed finding my voice every week in church.After years in the choir，people started to acknowledge me for my voice rather than my address and I began to appreciate music and my habitual complaints about the choir were completely gone.
Through the choir，I learned that if you continue with something long enough，you will receive some sort of benefit from it and maybe even grow to love it.Because of the choir，I found my voice in a small church.Because of the choir，I am willing to go wherever life will take me with an open mind.
How did the author's mother react to her repeated requests？( )
A．She didn't refuse them flatly.
B．She was very angry about them.
C．She agreed to them completely.
D．She simply ignored them.
A [推理判断题。由第三段中的“she replied with a ‘no’，‘Just do it for one more year’ or ‘Are you sure？’”可知，在作者提出想退出唱诗班时，作者的母亲起初态度坚决，在作者的一再请求下，母亲没有断然拒绝，态度有所缓和，但仍希望她坚持下去。]
实验报告
实验报告属于说明文，主要用来说明实验的目的，过程以及实验的结果。全文可以分为三个部分，首先说明实验的目的和实验所需要的实验器材；然后说明实验所采用的方法，实验具体过程以及实验所得到的结果；最后根据实验的情况得出相应的结论。
[基本框架]
1．开头(beginning)——交代实验的目的和所需器材
2．主体(body)——介绍实验方法、过程及结果
3．结尾(ending)——写出实验结论
[常用词块]
1．make good preparations for the experiment为实验做好充分准备
2．do the experiment as follows按照如下做实验
3．find a better way of doing it找到一个更好的方式来做
4．be under observation正在观察中
5．make a good study做好充分研究
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．We carry out the experiment to find out why it rusts.
我们做实验是为了发现它为什么会生锈。
2．The aim of the experiment is to find the cause of giving away the gas.
实验的目的是为了找到释放气体的原因。
3．With the purpose of discovering how it reacts with acid，we carry out the experiment.
为了发现它是怎么和酸发生反应的，我们进行了这次实验。
★丰满主体
1．Before we started，we prepared a candle，a glass，a basin and some water.
开始之前，我们准备了一支蜡烛，一个玻璃杯，一个盆子还有一些水。
2．The glass must be a little higher than the candle so that we can see the result more easily.
玻璃杯必须比蜡烛稍高一点儿，以便于我们能够更容易看清结果。
3．We were astonished to see that the water level in the glass was higher than that in the basin.
我们很吃惊地发现玻璃杯里的水位高于盆子的水位。
★余味结尾
1．We had an interesting experiment lesson.
我们上了一堂非常有意义的实验课。
2．We were greatly impressed with the process of burning.
我们对燃烧的过程印象非常深刻。
3．The experiment introduced us a useful way of exploring the unknown field.
这次实验为我们介绍了一种探索未知领域的有用的方式。
请根据下列内容，写一篇短文，说明整个实验的内容。
实验目的：不打烂鸡蛋取走蛋壳。
实验器材：一个玻璃杯，一个小锅，水，一个鸡蛋，醋(vinegar)约250亳升
实验步骤：
1．把鸡蛋放在锅中煮十五分钟左右；
2．把煮熟的鸡蛋放到玻璃杯中；
3．往玻璃杯中倒醋，醋要漫过鸡蛋；
4．让鸡蛋在醋中浸泡24小时。
实验结果：24小时后，鸡蛋壳完全消失。
实验结论：醋中的酸性物质(acid)与蛋壳中的碳酸钙(calcium carbonate)反应生成二氧化碳(carbon dioxide)蛋壳(shell)消失。
注意：词数：80左右。
[参考范文]
The aim of the the experiment is to move the shell from an egg without breaking the egg.To carry out the experiment, you need the following things: a glass，a small pot/boiler, some water, an egg and about 250 ml vinegar.When all these things are ready, you can begin the experiment.
First, boil the egg for about 15 minutes in a pot filled with water.Next, place the egg in the glass and cover it with vinegar.After that，leave the egg in vinegar for 24 hours.
24 hours later, you can see the shell disappear completely.The egg shell disappears because it is made up of calcium carbonate while the vinegar is an acid.The two substances react to form the gas, carbon dioxide.
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