Section Ⅳ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
阅读 Reading 2 的材料，选出最佳选项
1．Who was found working on the terrible creature was a submarine?
A．Pierre Aronnax，the biologist professor.
B．Nemo Land，the captain.
C．Conseil，the servant.
D．Ned Land，the whale hunter.
2．Why would the three passengers stay in the submarine?
A．To keep the secret.
B．To enjoy more undersea scenes.
C．To help the captain Nemo.
D．To take more adventures there.
3．Why was Ned different from the other two passengers?
A．He enjoyed the adventures most.
B．He thought of running away.
C．He was in charge of the submarine.
D．He was attacked by the terrible creature.
4．What were not described in the words of Aronnax?
A．The solar ray in the sea.
B．The sand under the sea.
C．The color of the sea water.
D．The temperature of the sea.
[答案] 1－4 BABD
Words And Phrases
charge n．主管，负责
(教材P57) They are captured and taken inside the submarine，where they meet the man in charge，Captain Nemo.他们被俘虏并被带进潜艇，在那里他们遇到了负责人尼莫船长。
[例1] She has charge of the day?to?day running of the business.
她负责掌管日常业务。
[例2] They left the old couple in charge of the children for a week.
他们把孩子留给这对老夫妇照料一周。
[造句] 他在父亲去世后掌管了农场。
He was in charge of the farm after his father's death.
[知识拓展]
in charge of 负责
in the charge of sb.＝in sb.'s charge
由某人负责
take charge of 负责
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①An experienced (experience) mechanic is in charge of the management of the workroom.
②In the absence (absent) of the manager，I shall be in charge of the company.
permit v．允许，准许，许可
(教材P57) In order to keep this secret，Captain Nemo tells his three newest passengers that they are not permitted to leave the submarine.为了保守他的秘密尼莫船长告知他的三个新访客，不许离开潜水艇。
[例1] There is a wide road leading through the park，but nobody is permitted to walk on the road.
有一条宽阔的道路穿过这个公园，但不允许任何人在路上走。
[例2] They were taken to the police station as they had entered the area without being permitted.
他们被带到派出所，因为未经允许他们进入了该区域。
[造句] 没有大人的陪同，孩子不允许进入电影院。
Children are not permitted to enter the cinema without their parents.
[知识拓展]
permit doing sth. 允许做某事
permit sb.to do sth. 允许某人做某事
permit n. 许可证
permission n. 允许；许可
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The party will be held in the garden，weather permitting (permit)．
②If you want to leave the classroom，you should ask for the teacher's permission (permit)．
[小片段填空]
Her father would not permit her to drive alone even though she had got her driving permit．Without her father's permission，she had no choice but to go out by bus or on a bike.
她父亲不允许她单独驾车，即使她已经取得了驾照。没有她父亲的允许，她别无选择只好坐公交出门或者骑自行车。
leave an impression upon sb.给某人留下印象
(教材P57) And now，how can I look back upon the impression left upon me by that walk under the waters？现在，我怎么回顾一下在水下行走给我留下的印象呢？
[例1] I hope my son would leave a good impression upon the judges.
我希望我的儿子能给评委留下好的印象。
[例2] I admit that it will leave a deep impression upon the audience's mind，but it's too expensive to make TV commercials.
我知道电视广告会给观众留下深刻的印象，但是电视广告太贵了。
[造句] 他在昨天会议上所说的话给我留下深刻印象。
What he said at the meeting yesterday left a deep impression upon me.
[知识拓展]
impress vt. 使印象深刻；使……铭记
be impressed by/with... 为……所感动；对……有印象
impression n. 印象
make/leave a(n)．..impression on/upon sb.
给某人留下……的印象
impressive adj. 给人印象深刻的；感人的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①What impressed (impress) me most was his friendly and enthusiastic attitude towards all the customers.
②I would return from school and spend the expected half hour recording the day's events，feelings，and impressions (impress) in my little blue diary.
[小片段填空]
To leave a good impression in the interview，Bob made up a most impressive story about himself，which made the interviewers really impressed．(impress)
为了在面试中留下好的印象，鲍勃编了一个令人印象深刻的关于自己的故事，这让面试官们印象深刻。
astonish v．使吃惊，使惊讶
(教材P57) The light，which lit the soil thirty feet below the surface of the ocean，astonished me by its power.
那光照亮了海面下三十英尺的土壤，它的力量使我吃惊。
[例1] It really astonished us that he appeared at the party.他出现在宴会上，使我们感到惊讶。
[例2] The news of failure astonished everyone in the room.失败的消息使屋里的每个人都很惊讶。
[造句] 他通过驾驶考试的消息让我们很吃惊。
The news that he passed the driving test astonished us all.
[知识拓展]
astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的
astonished adj. 感到惊讶的
astonishment n. 吃惊，惊讶
to one's astonishment 令某人惊讶的是
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We were quite astonished (astonish) at her quick reaction.
②To my astonishment(astonish)，they should have finished that task in such a short time.
[小片段填空]
The astonished look on his face told us that he felt astonished to be asked such a question.To our great astonishment，he answered the question and accepted the challenging position.That was really astonishing．
他脸上吃惊的表情告诉我们被问到这样一个问题他很吃惊，令我们很吃惊的是，他回答了这个问题并且接受了这个具有挑战性的职位。这真是让人吃惊。
surround vt.围绕； 环绕
(教材P57) Truly this water which surrounded me was but another air heavier than the Earth's atmosphere，but almost as clear.
事实上，环绕我的水不过是比地球大气层重的另一种空气，但几乎同样清澈。
[例1] When he looked up，he suddenly found himself surrounded by a group of teenagers.
他抬头看时，突然发现自己被一群青少年围住。
[例2] I came to realize that the key to success lay in trying to surround myself with creative people.
我逐渐意识到，成功的关键在于试着让自己与有创意的人为伍。
[造句] 在澳大利亚，Jennifer有一段艰难的时光去适应新的环境。
Jennifer is having a hard time getting accustomed to new surroundings in Australia.
[知识拓展]
(1)surround sb./sth.with/by...
使某人/某物被……包围
(2)surrounding adj.
周围的n.周围的事物；环境 (通常用复数形式)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①People say Chongqing is China's most beautiful city，surrounded (surround) by mountains.
②The trees surrounding(surround) the town were planted by the soldiers ten years ago.
[小片段填空]
As a famous pop star，he loves being surrounded by so many fans coming to visit him from the surrounding towns.And he also likes beautiful surroundings with green trees and flowers，because he can get much more pleasure from nature.
作为著名的流行明星，他喜欢自己周边围绕着那么多来自周边镇上来拜访他的粉丝们。他也喜欢带有绿树红花的宜人环境，因为这样他能从大自然中获得更多的乐趣。
account for 说明/解释……的原因；(数量上、比例上)占
(教材P57) This dazzling carpet，really a reflector，drove away the rays of the sun with wonderful intensity，which accounted for the vibration which passed through every atom of liquid.
这条耀眼的地毯，实际上是一个反射器，以惊人的强度驱走了太阳光，这正好说明了穿过每一个液体原子的振动的原因。
[例1] He could not account for his absence from school.他无法说清楚为什么旷课。
[例2] Together they account for less than five percent of the population.
他们总共占不到总人口的5%。
[造句] 你如何解释一连输了五场比赛呢 ?
How do you account for losing five games in a row?
[知识拓展]
on account of 由于，因为
on no account 决不(位于句首，主句要部分倒装)
take sth.into account 考虑；顾及；注意
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①On no account should you leave the door unlocked.
②The flight was postponed on account of bad weather.
Sentence Patterns
as if ＋ 从句
(教材P57) Conseil and I remained near each other，as if an exchange of words had been possible through our metal cases.
康赛尔和我保持着比较近的距离，仿佛通过我们的金属箱可以进行语言交流。
句式分析：as if 引导方式状语从句，表示“好像”，也可以替换成as though。
[例1] I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.我记得整个事情，就好像它是发生在昨天。
[例2] The child talked to us as if he were a grown?up.
那个小孩跟我们讲话就像个大人一祥。
[造句] 他说起长城来好像他以前去过那里。
He talked about the Great Wall as if he had been there before.
[知识拓展]
(1)如果as if引导的从句只是表示一种假设的情况，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，但如果从句的动作发生的可能性较大，就要用陈述语气。
(2)as if引导状语从句时通常用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反，从句谓语要用过去式；与过去事实相反，从句谓语要用had done；与将来事实相反，从句谓语要用would/could/might do。
(3)如果as if 引导的从句是“主语＋系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词等成分，这样as if后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)或动词?ing形式等。
[翻译]
①It seems as if nothing had happened．(啥事也没发生)
②It looks as if it will rain before long．(一会儿就要下雨了)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We have missed the bus；it looks as if we will have(have) to walk.
②He talks as if he knew (know) everything.
介词＋关系代词的定语从句
(教材P57) I no longer felt the weight of my clothes，or of my shoes，of my air supply，or my thick helmet，inside which my head shook like a nut in its shell.
我再也感觉不到我的衣服、鞋子、空气供应的重量，也感觉不到我厚厚的头盔的重量，我的头在头盔里摇得像壳里的坚果。
句式分析：该句是复合句，其中的inside which引导非限制性定语从句，which代指前面的helmet，其结构是“介词＋关系代词 ＋从句”。
[例1] Look，there comes Tom，for whom I have waiting for an hour.
瞧，汤姆来啦，我等他等了一个小时。
[例2] Last week，I visited Shanghai，in which I have made several friends.
上周我参观了上海，在那儿我交了几个朋友。
[造句] 我的房子前有一棵树，鸟儿正在树上唱歌。
In front of my house，there is a tree，in which some birds are singing.
[知识拓展]
(1)介词＋ whom只能指人；介词＋ which只能指物。
(2)有时，前面的介词可移到定语从句的中间或后面，此时whom可用who，that代替；which可以用that代替。而且who，whom，which，that都可省略。
(3)当先行词是时间、地点、原因时，介词＋ which一般在定语从句中分别作时间、地点、原因状语，介词＋ which可以分别用when，where，why代替。
[翻译]
①The man who you talked with just now is our manager.(你刚才与他谈话的)
②I will remember the day forever on which/when I won the first place in the contest.(那一天)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He handed me a pen，with which I wrote down my address for him.
②The computer for which I paid 5，000 yuan is made in Shenzhen.
词义猜测题
提分技巧：词义猜测题是考查学生对文章的前后联系的考查。因为语言表达总是按照一定的逻辑关系展开的，根据语言的内在逻辑关系可以粗略地推断出生词词义或大致义域。对我们猜测词义帮助最大的逻辑关系有并列关系、转折关系和因果关系等。英语中可以使用also，as...as，similarly，and，or，just as，like等词语表示相同或者相近的意思，这种表示并列的关系中，只要我们认识其中一个单词，就可以推测出另一个单词的意思。并列、因果、递进、例证、转折或对比等逻辑关系都具有推理的必然性，因此使用逻辑关系推理的词义准确率会比较高；逻辑关系的判断需要平常多关注句式的逻辑关系，形成对逻辑关系词的敏感感知能力，快速有效地判断语句和词汇的关系和意义。
[典例] (2017·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读理解D节选)
...
Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.But others do double duty.They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.Once they arrive，the tables are turned．The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.
...
33．What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3?
A．The attackers get attacked.
B．The insects gather under the table.
C．The plants get ready to fight back.
D．The perfumes attract natural enemies.
A [本题考查对文章中一句话的理解，属于广义的词义猜测题。画线词前面的句子说明了一些植物散发出气味意在吸引不同的昆虫，这些昆虫是袭击者的天敌。在这一句后面，又使用了一句同义并列的句子来对其进行解释，根据后一句话的意思 “正在吃午餐的攻击者变成了午餐”可以知道，画线句子是指袭击者受到了它的天敌的袭击，故选A。]
根据文章内容迅速判断出划线单词的含义
You dash through a crowded railway station，tripping over bags，spilling (泼出) your coffee only to have the doors slide shut in your face，leaving you breathless on the platform as the train pulls away.
But at least，if you're in France，someone may be playing the piano for you.But it won't be performed by a paid musician，or even a street entertainer playing for coins.It will just be a random passer?by，jamming for the fun of it on one of the pianos that the national railroad company，S.N.C.F.，has fixed in nearly 100 stations across France.They are free for anyone to play，and travelers from all walks of life have taken to doing just that.
Gares & Connexions，the S．N.C.F.division that manages its stations，rents the instruments from the producer，Yamaha，which maintains (维修) them and tunes them every month or two.The first one was set up in the Gare Montparnasse in Paris in 2012.
The music，mixed with the sounds of shouting passengers，screaming trains and rolling suitcases，gives French stations a special soundscape.The amateur musicians have included Irish soccer fans and even babies.In 2014，Gares & Connexions and Yamaha organized a nationwide contest called Your Turn to Play，asking participants to submit videos of themselves using one of the pianos.It drew nearly 900 entries.
Isn't the railroad company taking a big chance? Apparently not: “None of the instruments has been vandalized to this day，or even merely damaged，” said Claire Fournon，a spokeswoman for Gares & Connexions.“They are shared and respected by all.”
So if you miss a train in Paris，Bordeaux or Marseille one day，perhaps someone will be playing a favorite piece that will ease your pain.Or perhaps you'll sit down and play your annoyance away yourself.
What does the underlined word “vandalized” in Paragraph 5 probably mean？( )
A．Selected carefully.
B．Checked regularly.
C．Reserved in advance.
D．Destroyed on purpose.
D [词义猜测题。由第五段中的“They are shared and respected by all.”可知，这些钢琴被人们分享，受人们尊重；由or可知， has been vandalized与even merely damaged为并列关系，由此推断，该词的意思比merely damaged的破坏程度更为严重，故选D。vandalize “故意破坏”。]
冒险经历
本单元的写作是描述一次冒险经历属于记叙文文体。在文章里要写出自己做了什么，自己看见了什么，以及自己的感受。
[基本框架]
1．开头(beginning)——交代经历发生的时间地点
2．主体(body)——介绍经历的过程
3．结尾(ending)——写出经历的结果以及你自己的观点
[常用词块]
1．save the earth拯救地球
2．take the time machine 乘坐时光机
3．fly past the stars飞过星球
4．be transformed into an insect变形成了昆虫
5．be eaten by a monster 被怪物吃掉
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．When it comes to the adventure story，the Magic schoolbus came into my mind first.
一说到冒险故事，我首先想到的就是《神奇校车》。
2．Speaking of the adventure，I experienced one three years ago.
说起冒险，我三年前经历了一次。
3．If you want to experience the travel in space, let's read the following story together.
如果你想感受太空旅行，我们一起来读读下面的故事吧。
★丰满主体
1．We flew through the tunnel and got into the time machine.
我们飞跃隧道，进入了时光机器。
2．I was swimming in the sea when a big shark appeared several meters away from me.
我正在海里游泳，突然一条大鲨鱼出现在离我几米远的地方。
3．They jumped into the tree hole and then shrank into a little man of the same size as a mouse.
他们跳入树洞，然后缩成了和一只老鼠大小的小人儿。
★余味结尾
1．The little girl came to herself and found she was still sleeping under the tree.
小姑娘苏醒过来，发现自己依然睡在树底下。
2．Till now I still feel frightened at the thought of that adventure.
直到现在，一想起那次冒险我依然感到恐惧。
3．The hero in the movie saved the people in trouble and taught me to be kind and helpful to people around me.
电影中的男主角拯救了苦难中的人们，教会我对周围的人善良，乐于帮助他们。
你是新华中学的李华，今年暑假和父母去了夏威夷。期间经历了人生第一次潜水探险。请以日记的形式描述自己的这一次冒险经历，并写出从中自己的所思所想所获。
1．潜水地点是普普凯阿海滩公园(Pupukea Beach)。
2．刚开始听说这里有时会出现鲨鱼，有点担心，因为它们一般不会主动攻击人类，尝试下水。
3．这里是一个海洋生物保护区，海里的鱼类非常丰富，还有海龟。
4．因为海里全是礁石，需要注意安全。
5．建议想要去的朋友最好选择每年的夏季，海面平静且海浪很小的最佳浮潜季节。
要求：1.词数：80左右；
2．内容积极向上，可适当增删细节以使行文流畅。
[参考范文]
Today the adventure story is my first diving experience.In the early morning my parents and I went to Pupukea Beach by bus and then to an island by boat.
Hearing the basic dos and don'ts including the information of sharks，I dare not to jump into the sea.After the coach's explanation I jumped in with the guide.At first I didn't see any fish but some corals and seaweeds.Soon I found groups of fishes of all kinds and the turtles.What shocked me most was that I should see some sharks running after the fish groups with my own eyes.
Diving experience is impressive and unforgettable.We should be kind to the sea creatures and live in harmony with them.
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Unit 5 What an adventure
Do not，for one repulse，give up the purpose that you resolved to effect.
—William Shakespeare
不要只因一次失败就放弃你原来决心想达到的目的。
——威廉·莎士比亚
Don't part with your illusions.When they are gone you may still exist，but you have ceased to live.
—Mark Twain
不要放弃你的幻想。当幻想没有了以后，你还可以生存，但是你虽生犹死。
——马克·吐温
The man who has made up his mind to win will never say impossible.
—Napoleon
凡是决心取得胜利的人是从来不说“不可能的”。
——拿破仑
A man can fail many times，but he isn't a failure until he begins to blame somebody else.
—Burroughs
一个人可以失败多次，但是只要他没有开始责怪旁人，他还不是一个失败者。
——巴勒斯
Where there is a will，there is a way.
—Thomas Edison
有志者，事竟成。——爱迪生
It is always the adventurer who accomplish great things.
—Montesquieu
成大事者往往是冒险家。
——孟德斯鸠
Every new day is a chance to change your life.Smile and stop complaining about the things you can't change.Time keeps ticking whether you're happy or sad.They always say time changes things but you actually have to change them by yourself.People with passion can change the world.Never underestimate your power to change yourself！Never doubt yourself.Never change who you are.Don't care what people think and just go for it.The only way you can change your future is to do something different today.You can't change the past，but if you worry too much about tomorrow，you will ruin today.
Legless man conquered Qomolangma
Chinese double?amputee(双腿被截肢者)climber Xia Boyu on Monday was crowned as the Laureus Sporting Moment of the Year 2019 winner，a world?class title given to international sportsmen to honor their remarkable achievements，and in Xia's case，it is a breathe?taking one，too.Xia made his name known in and beyond China on May 14，2018，when he became the first Chinese double?amputee climber to reach the summit of Mount Qomolangma.
But the 70?year?old man's story with the world's highest mountain started decades ago，when Xia joined the Chinese mountaineering team in 1974.During his first climb in 1975，the young Xia gave his sleeping bag to a teammate who had lost his own due to physical exhaustion.When they reached the foot of the mountain，Xia discovered that his feet had no feeling.Unfortunately，his legs had to be amputated.However，he did not feel regretful for starting the mission or for giving up the chance of survival to others.He later got prosthetic(假肢的) legs.To fulfill his dream of reaching the top of the mountain，he trained every day and did outdoor sports.However，Xia later discovered that he had lymph cancer(淋巴癌)，and he had to work harder instead of giving up.
In 2014，he restarted his challenge of climbing the mountain，but had to stop due to an avalanche(雪崩)．In 2016，his attempt was stopped again because of an earthquake and blizzard.
He made his fifth attempt in 2018 and even said that he had feared it would be his last.“Reaching the summit of Qomolangma has always been a dream and goal.I have fought for it over the past decades.Despite several bad things，I never gave up.The perseverance has made my life colorful and meaningful，” Xia told Chinese media.
Xia added that his next goal will be “7＋2”，that is，the highest summits of seven continents，plus the South and North poles.In May，Xia will attempt to climb Mount Elbrus，the highest mountain in Europe.
[探索发现]
1．What do you think of climbing Qomolangma？Is it worth it?
2．What do you know about Xia Boyu?
3．What kind of adventure do you want to take？And why?
[答案] 1.略
2．He is a Chinese double?amputee climber of 70.
3．略
Section Ⅰ Preparation for the unit
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a．给下列单词选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.initial A．adv.逐渐地，逐步地
( )2.zone B．v.消耗
( )3.border C．v.相联系，有关联；讲述
( )4.psychologist D．n.伤，损害
( )5.bleeding E．n.液体，液态物
( )6.liquid F．n.流血，失血
( )7.injury G．n.地区，地带
( )8.stretch H．n.国界，边界
( )9.relate I．n.心理学家
( )10.astonish J．adj.开始的，最初的
( )11.consume K．n.居民，住户
( )12.gradually L．n.深，深度
( )13.depth M．v.延伸，绵延
( )14.resident N．v.使吃惊， 使惊讶
[答案] 1－5 JGHIF 6－10 EDMCN 11－14 BALK
b．给下列短语选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.in search of A．代表
( )2.open up B．开创，开启
( )3.by way of C．与……相关
( )4.be similar to D．冒险
( )5.bring sth.into focus E．使……成为焦点
( )6.focus on F．集中于
( )7.figure out G．弄清楚
( )8.refer to...as H．把……称为
( )9.result in I．导致
( )10.benefit from J．从……中获益
( )11.take risks K．与……相似
( )12.be connected to L．借道；通过
( )13.stand for M．搜寻
[答案] 1－5 MBLKE 6－10 FGHIJ 11－13 DCA
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．thus adv. 因此，从而
2．oxygen n. 氧气
3．confirm v. 证实，证明
4．crowd n. 人群
5．attempt n. 努力，尝试
6．failure n. 失败
7．unaware adj. 未觉察到的，未意识到的
8．guideline n. 指导方针，指导原则
9．charge n. 主管，负责
10．ahead adv. 在前面
11．permit v. 允许，准许，许可
12．chapter n. 章节
13．nut n. 坚果(仁)
14．surround v. 环绕，围绕
15．broad adj. 宽的，阔的
16．beneath prep. 在……之下，在……正下方
17．male n. 雄性动物
Ⅰ.语境填空
initial；crowds；attempt；surround；failure；unaware；bleeding；ahead；servant；broad
1．They learned a lot from the initial market testing exercise.
2．But a day after the crash，many unanswered questions surround the event.
3．He gave up the attempt in despair and left.
4．I want to get there early to avoid the crowds．
5．So as for students like us，we should have a good attitude towards failure．
6．Again she is unaware of how hurtful her mistrust is to him.
7．How to reduce the risk of bleeding and protect the children effectively?
8．I know there is an alley and we can cut through it and get ahead of them.
9．If he were my servant，I might fire him tomorrow.
10．If you have broad shoulders，show them off.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．They treat their mother like a servant(serve)．
2．Any consumer(consume)is encouraged to complain about faulty goods.
3．She was not awake，and unaware (aware) of others' presence with her.
4．Jamie was wrapped in a white woolen(wool) scarf.
5．The weather gradually(gradual)improved.
6．I will protect each person when they are injured (injure)．
7．No official permission(permit)has been given for the event to take place.
8．What's the depth(deep)of the water here?
9．To my astonishment (astonish)，he threw out the book.
10．Does all the surrounding (surround) environment of the house with water can bring the money rolling in?
1．Last year，hundreds of people spent good money on an experience that they knew would include crowds，discomfort and danger.
去年，许多人把大笔的钱花在一次经历上，他们知道该经历中有拥挤、不舒适和危险。
2．It is still not known if he succeeded in reaching the top of Qomolangma before it took his life.
目前还不清楚他是否在丢掉性命之前成功登上珠峰峰顶。
3．Words are not enough to relate such wonders.
语言不足以描述这样的奇观。
4．Shall I be believed when I say that，at the depth of thirty feet，I could see as if I was in broad daylight?
当我说在三十英尺深的海底，我能够看得清清楚楚像是在大白天，会有人信吗？
5．“There are a thousand reasons to turn around and only one to keep going.”
“停下脚步，原路返回的理由成千上万；继续前行的理由只有一个。”
课文助读
①spend money on sth.在……上花钱
②that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语
③crowd n．人群v.拥挤
④discomfort n．不舒服，不安
⑤would become sick将会生病，would do表示过去将来时；become sick生病 become是系动词，sick是形容词作表语
⑥due to 由于
⑦lose one's life 失去某人的生命
⑧despite prep.尽管，不管
⑨by the end of到……为止
⑩were planning to 正在打算做……，该句时态是过去进行时。
?climbing Qomolangma是动名词作主语
?making some feel weak 让一些人感到虚弱，making 是动词?ing形式作定语修饰前面的experience，make后面复合宾语 make sb.do sth.让某人做某事
?others，powerful是省略成分，原句应该为making others powerful
?write of 写到；文章中提及
?what引导主语从句，并且在从句中作get的宾语
?sheer adj.纯粹的，十足的
?to eat and make money是并列状语，make前面省略掉了to
?make money 赚钱
?be able to do 有能力做某事
?what life means and what life is for 两个what都引导表语从句
would do表示过去将来时
although引导让步状语从句，通常不和and，but，so连用
It is still not known if...该句中it是形式主语，if从句是真正的宾语
succeed in doing sth.成功地做某事
take his life 夺走他的生命
(be)similar to 作定语修饰words
those是代词，代指前面提到的words
who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的Alan Arnette，补充说明这个人的情况
)was going to do 是过去将来时的常见形式
around the world全世界
bring into focus使……成为焦点
what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语，宾语从句的位置应该在brings的后面
turn around 转身
focus on 集中精力于
that引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，不可省略
figure out 弄明白，搞清楚
as well as 和
with的复合结构，宾语是the majority of attempts to climb Qomolangma，resulting either in total success or failure是补语
attempt n．努力，尝试
either...or...要么……要么……
failure n．失败，失败的人或事
scientific adj.科学上的，与科学有关的
(be)more likely to take risks更有可能去冒险，be likely to do有可能做某事；take risks冒险
psychologist n．心理学家
refer to...as...把……称之为
stand for 代表；thrill n．惊险刺激
suggest此处意思是“表明”，that引导宾语从句
be connected to 与……相关
benefit from 从……中获益
with this in mind，with的复合结构，this是宾语，in mind作补语
It is up to you取决于你
课文呈现
Climbing Qomolangma：Worth the Risks?
1．Last year，hundreds of people ①spent good money on an experience②that they knew would include ③crowds，④discomfort and danger.Many ⑤would become sick，⑥due to the extreme cold and low air pressure，and a few would even ⑦lose their lives.Yet，⑧despite all this，⑨by the end of the trip many ⑩were already planning to return.For these people，?climbing Qomolangma is an experience like no other，?making some feel weak and ?others，powerful.
2．British mountain climber George Mallory ?wrote of climbing Qomolangma，“?What we get from this adventure is just ?sheer joy...We do not live ?to eat and make money.We eat and ?make money to ?be able to enjoy life.That is ?what life means and what life is for.”Sadly，Mallory would die on the mountain in 1924，although his body would not be found until many years later.It is still not known if he succeeded in reaching the top of Qomolangma before it took his life.
3．In 2011，words similar to those of Mallory were spoken by American mountain climber Alan Arnette，who climbed Qomolangma in that year and was going to climb other high mountains around the world.“It brings into focus what's important to you.”He added，“There are a thousand reasons to turn around and only one to keep going.You really have to focus on the one reason that's most important and unique to you.It forces you to look deep inside yourself and figure out if you really have the physical，as well as mental，toughness to push when you want to stop.”
4.With the majority of attempts to climb Qomolangma resulting either in total success or failure，is there also ascientific reason behind this risk?taking？Recent studies indicate that risk?taking may be part of human nature，with some of us more likely to take risks than others.Psychologist Frank Farley has spent years studying people who jump out of planes and drive fast cars，as well as those who climb Qomolangma.He refers to the personalities of these people as “Type T”，with the “T” standing for“thrill”．
5．Speaking to the LA Times about the “Type T”personalities, Farley said，“They'll say，‘I'm not taking risks，I'm an expert...’They don't want to die and they don't expect to die.”
6．Research also suggests that our desire to seek risks can be connected to how much we expect to benefit from the result.
7.With this in mind，are the benefits of climbing Qomolangma worth the risks? It's totally up to you.
译文参考
攀登珠穆朗玛峰：值得冒险吗？
1．去年，许多人把大笔的钱花在一次经历上，他们知道该经历中有拥挤、不舒适和危险。许多人会生病，由于极端寒冷和低气压，一些人甚至会失去他们的生命。然而，尽管如此，到旅行结束时，许多人已经计划返回。对于这些人来说，攀登珠穆朗玛峰是一种与众不同的体验，能让一些人感到软弱，让另一些人感到强大。
2．英国登山家乔治·马洛里在谈到攀登珠穆朗玛峰时写道：“我们从这次冒险中得到的只是纯粹的快乐……我们活着不是为了吃饭和赚钱。我们吃饭赚钱是为了享受生活。这就是生命的意义和目的所在。遗憾的是，马洛里于1924年死在了山上，虽然他的尸体直到许多年后才被找到。目前还不清楚他是否在丢掉性命之前成功登上珠峰峰顶。
3．2011年，美国登山运动员艾伦·阿内特(Alan Arnette)说了类似于马洛里的一些话。当年，阿内特登上了珠穆朗玛峰，并打算登上世界各地的其他高山。“它会让你关注对你来说重要的事情。”他补充道。“停下脚步，原路返回的理由成千上万；继续前行的理由只有一个。”你必须专注于一个对你来说最重要、最独特的原因。它迫使你审视自己的内心深处，弄清楚自己是否真的有足够的体力和脑力，当你想停下来的时候去推动它。”
4．大多数攀登珠穆朗玛峰的尝试要么完全成功，要么彻底失败，那么在这种冒险行为背后是否也有科学依据呢？最近的研究表明冒险是人类天性的一部分，我们中的一些人比其他人更有可能去冒险。心理学家弗兰克·法利(Frank Farley)多年来一直在研究那些跳出飞机、开快车和爬珠穆朗玛峰的人。他把这些人的性格称为“T型”，“T”代表“激动”。
5．法利在接受《洛杉矶时报》采访时谈到了“T型”人格，他说：“他们会说，‘我不是在冒险，我是专家……’他们不想死，也不期待死。”
6．研究还表明，我们寻求风险的欲望与我们期望从结果中获益的程度有关。
7．考虑到这一点，攀登珠穆朗玛峰的好处值得冒险吗？这完全取决于你。
速读P50－51教材课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确的，还是错误的，还是没有提及。
1．Every year people climbing Qomolangma are few due to the bad condition.( )
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
2．The experience of climbing Qomolangma vary from person to person.( )
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．Mallory successfully came back from Qomolangma and made a speech.( )
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．Alan Arnette ever climbed the second highest mountain in the world.( )
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．Frank Farley is a man with the personality of taking risks.( )
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 BABCC
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．to be able to enjoy life
B．to experience a different life
C．to keep going
D．to eat and make money
E．to take risks
F．to benefit from its result
1．Many people went climbing Qomolangma ．
2．Most of people in the world are common people live .
3．George Mallory ate and made money ．
4．Alan Arnette found the only one reason and he succeeded.
5．Frank Farley found people of“Type T”are more likely ．
6．What we do is connected to what we expect ．
[答案] 1－6 BDACEF
Ⅲ.表格填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入合适的单词或短语。
Climbing Qomolangma
Brief introduction People experience the bad 1.weather condition and even some lost their 2.lives there.
Famous people George Mallory What he got from the adventure is 3.sheer joy．He ate and make money to 4.enjoy life.Sadly he died with the result of his experience 5.unknown.
Alan Arnette He climbed Qomolangma and other high mountains around the world.Climbing brought into what is important to him and he found the only reason to6. keep going.
The scientific Reason behind it Human nature Risk?taking may be part of human nature and some people 7.are just likely to take risks.
“Type T” He refers to the personalities of these people as“Type T”and“T”8. stands for “thrill”.
the expectation How much we expect to 9.benefit from the result is related to our desire to take risks.
Warning and reminding Whether climbing Qomolangma is worth the risks is up to ourselves.
细读P50－51教材课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
细读课文，匹配段落大意。
1．Paragraph 1 A．Some scientific reasons behind
taking risks.
2．Paragraphs 2－3 B．The measurement of taking risks.
3．Paragraphs 4－6 C．Brief introduction to climbing
Qomolangma.
4．Paragraph 7 D．Two famous examples and
comments.
[答案] 1－4 CDAB
Ⅱ.单项选择
细读课文，选择最佳答案。
1．What do we learn from Paragraph 1?
A．There were few people climbing and much danger.
B．Most people lost their lives while climbing.
C．Climbing Qomolangma makes a man powerful.
D．Many people planned to return before the end of the trip.
2．What do George Mallory and Alan Arnette have in common?
A．They both succeeded in climbing Qomolangma.
B．They both climbed many other high mountains afterwards.
C．They both found the risks of climbing worth taking.
D．They both found the real meaning of life and enjoyed it.
3．What is most important and unique for us when we want to give up?
A．The reason to turn around.
B．Looking insides ourselves.
C．The physical and mental toughness.
D．Keeping focus on the climbing.
4．Who are the people with“Type T”personalities?
A．Passengers on the plane.
B．People driving cars on the road.
C．People making money to live.
D．People climbing the Qomolangma.
5．How can we measure the action of climbing Qomolangma?
A．By taking more risks and climbing more.
B．By balancing the benefits and the result.
C．By being an expert and expecting not to die.
D．By equip yourself with“Type T”．
[答案] 1－5 ACCDB
Ⅲ.概要写作微技能
概要写作微技能——因果关系
A．下列为文中陈述因果关系的句子。
1．Many would become sick，due to the extreme cold and low air pressure，and a few would even lose their lives.
2．With the majority of attempts to climb Qomolangma resulting either in total success or failure，is there also a scientific reason behind this risk?taking?
3．Research also suggests that our desire to seek risks can be connected to how much we expect to benefit from the result.
B．判断下面句子是否包含因果关系。
1．There are a thousand reasons to turn around and only one to keep going.( )
2．Sadly，Mallory would die on the mountain in 1924，although his body would not be found until many years later.( )
3．Recent studies indicate that risk?taking may be part of human nature，with some of us more likely to take risks than others.( )
[答案] 1－3 ××√
PAGE
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Section Ⅱ Starting out & Understanding ideas
1．initial adj.开始的，最初的→ initially adv.最初，首先；开头→initiative n．首创精神；倡议
2．confirm v．证实，证明 →confirmation n．确认；证实；证明
3．crowd n．人群→ crowded adj.拥挤的；塞满的
4．attempt n．努力，尝试vt.企图，试图；尝试→attempted adj.企图的；未遂的
5．fail v．失败→failure n．失败
6．psychology n．心理学→psychologist n．心理学家
1．up to达到(某数量、程度等)；直到；能胜任；正在干……，从事着(尤指坏事)
①I can take up to four people in my car.多达
②I don't feel up to the task.胜任
③Up to yesterday，I thought he was single.直到
④It's up to you to decide whether to go or to stay.由……决定
2．figure out 想出， 理解； 弄明白， 看透；计算出
①I can't figure out what he was hinting at.看透
②Please figure out the total cost.计算出
③Could you help me figure out this problem? 解决
④I didn't figure out how to do it.想出
⑤I simply couldn't figure out his intention.弄明白
Words And Phrases
thus adv.因此，从而
(教材P49) Christopher Columbus(1451－1506)was an Italian explorer who completed journeys between Spain and the Americas，thus marking the beginning of European exploration of the Americas.
克里斯托弗·哥伦布(1451－1506)是一位意大利探险家，他完成了西班牙和美洲之间的旅程，从而标志着欧洲探索美洲的开始。
[例1] The universities have expanded，thus allowing many more people the chance of higher education.
大学扩招了，这样就使更多人能有机会接受高等教育。
[例2] We do not own the building.Thus，it would be impossible for us to make any major changes to it.
我们不是这栋楼房的房主，因此不能对它进行大改动。
[造句] 老年人常常想方设法省钱吃饭，结果损害了他们的健康。
Old people often try to save money to eat，thus endangering their health.
[知识拓展]
therefore adv. 因此；所以
so conj. 因此，所以
as a result 结果；因此
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They never change and thus/therefore I can trust them.
②He lost his health，and therefore his difficulties increased.
confirm v．证实，证明
(教材P50) The first people confirmed to have reached the top were Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay in 1953.
第一批被证实登上顶峰的人是1953年的埃德蒙·希拉里和丹增·诺盖。
[例1] Rumours of job losses were later confirmed.
裁员的传言后来得到了证实。
[例2] His guilty expression confirmed my doubt.
他内疚的表情证实了我的猜疑。
[造句] 你能证实一下接下来发生了什么事吗？
Can you confirm what happened next?
[知识拓展]
confirmation n． 证实，证明；确认函
confirmed adj. 成习惯的，根深蒂固的，坚定的
confirm to have done sth. 确认已完成某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I am confirmed (confirm) in my opinions by what you told me.
②I'm still waiting for confirmation (confirm) of the test results.
(be)similar to 与……相似
(教材P51) In 2011，words similar to those of Mallory were spoken by American mountain climber Alan Arnette，who climbed Qomolangma in that year and was going to climb other high mountains around the world.
2011年，美国登山运动员艾伦·阿内特(Alan Arnette)说了类似于马洛里的一些话。当年，阿内特登上了珠穆朗玛峰，并打算登上世界各地的其他高山。
[例1] My opinions are similar to his.
我的看法跟他的相似。
[例2] She has a dictionary similar to mine.
她有一本和我的类似的词典。
[造句] 玛丽的帽子和简的差不多。
Mary's hat is similar to Jane's.
[知识拓展]
be similar in 在……方面相似，和……差不多
similarly adv. 相似地；类似地
similarity n. 相似；类似
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The two cars are very similar in size and design.
②My teaching style is similar to that of most other teachers.
bring...into focus 使……成为焦点
(教材P51) It brings into focus what's important to you.
它会让你关注对你来说重要的事情。
[例1] This will broaden your horizons and bring new ideas and opportunities into focus.
这会开阔你的视野，为你关注的事物带来新的想法与机会。
[例2] We touched on too many topics，so the group leader brought all of them into focus by summarizing.
我们谈及了许多话题，因此组长通过总结把所有讨论的问题谈清楚了。
[造句] 新经理组织能力太强了，很快就把主要问题搞清楚并且解决好。
The new manager was so well?organized that he brought the problems into focus and solve them soon.
[知识拓展]
focus n． 焦点；集中点；焦距；中心v.(使)
集中；聚集
focus sth.on 集中某物于/把某物对准……
focus one's attention/mind/energy on
集中注意力/心思/精力于
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Having focused(focus) his attention on urgent problems，he hardly has time to play games with you.
②With the development of society，the focus of public attention has changed(change)，too.
figure out弄明白
(教材P51) It forces you to look deep inside yourself and figure out if you really have the physical，as well as mental，toughness to push when you want to stop.
它迫使你审视自己的内心深处，弄清楚自己是否真的有足够的体力和脑力，当你想停下来的时候去推动它。
[例1] I can't figure out what he is talking about.
我真搞不懂他在讲什么。
[例2] No one could figure out where the gas came from in his magic.
没人能搞懂他魔术中的气体来自哪里。
[造句] 小男孩似乎弄明白了正在讲解的题目。
The little boy seems to have figured out what the teacher is explaining.
[知识拓展]
figure n． 数字；图形；人物；身材；体形；人影
v． 计算；想；估计；认为
keep one's figure 保持(优美的)身材
figure on 期待， 指望， 依赖
figure that 认为， 认定
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There are many stone figures (figure) along the two sides of the road.
②You can figure on him showing (show) up in the party on time.
[小片段填空]
As an important figure of the company，Sue tried to figure out how to announce that the company had earned less than 6 figures that year.And most importantly she figured that few people was likely to believe her.
作为公司的重要人物，苏设法想出如何公布公司去年收益不到六位数的消息。最重要的是，她认为很少有人会相信她。
attempt vt.企图，尝试n.努力，尝试
(教材P51) With the majority of attempts to climb Qomolangma resulting either in total success or failure，is there also a scientific reason behind this risk?taking?
大多数登珠峰的尝试要么完全成功，要么彻底失败，那么在这种冒险行为背后是否也有科学依据呢？
[例1] In an attempt to attract more customers，they took a variety of measures.
为了吸引更多顾客，他们采取了各种措施。
[例2] The two friends made an unsuccessful attempt at a compromise.
这两个朋友试图和解但未成功。
[造句] 为削减费用，关闭了两家工厂。
Two factories were closed in an attempt to cut costs.
[知识拓展]
attempt at doing sth./to do sth. 尝试或努力做某事
make an attempt at doing/to do sth. 尝试或努力做某事
at one's/the first attempt 第一次尝试
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There's no point in attempting to present(present) your idea to him—he'll never listen.
②He made an attempt to pass(pass) the 2019 College Entrance Examination，but he didn't succeed in the end.
(教材P51) He refers to the personalities of these people as“Type T”，with the“T”standing for“thrill”．
他把这些人的性格称为T型，T代表“惊险刺激”。
(1)refer to...as把……称之为
[例1] I always refer to him as a bookworm.
我总是称他为书呆子。
[例2] People who work in offices are usually referred to as“white collar workers”．
那些在办公室工作的人被称为“白领工人”。
[造句] 她总是称汤姆为“那个好人”。
She always refers to Tom as “that nice man”．
[知识拓展]
refer to sb. 指的是某人；提及某人
refer to sth. 参考；查阅；提及
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Students are asked to complete the exercise without referring (refer) to any materials.
②If you don't know what this word means，refer (refer) to the dictionary.
[小片段填空]
In his speech，he didn't refer to the pollution of the company at all.Although his secretary prepared enough related information about it for him，he didn't refer to any.He was referred to as an irresponsible leader by his colleagues.
在他的演讲中，他一点儿也没有提及公司的污染问题。尽管秘书为他准备了这方面足够多的材料，但是他一点也没有参照。他被同事称为一个不负责任的领导。
(2)stand for代表；主张
[例1] It's well known that the olive branch stands for peace.
众所周知，橄榄枝代表和平。
[例2] We Chinese stand for peace and wish to settle all disputes by peaceful means.
我们中国人民是主张和平的，希望用和平方式解决争端。
[造句] PRC代表中华人民共和国。
PRC stands for People's Republic of China.
[知识拓展]
stand by 站在旁边；袖手旁观；支持
stand out 显著；突出
stand up 站立；站起来
can't stand sth./doing sth. 不能忍受(做)某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①How can you stand by and do nothing when she needs help?
②I can't stand seeing (see) children smoking anywhere at any time.
Sentence Patterns
It is ＋ 过去分词 ＋从句
(教材P51) It is still not known if he succeeded in reaching the top of Qomolangma before it took his life.
目前还不清楚他是否在丢掉性命之前成功登上珠峰峰顶。
句式分析：该句中it是形式主语，后面的if引导的从句是真正的主语。而且此处的it不可用其他词如this，that等来代替。在英语中，只有it可作形式主语。
[例1] It is not known if he is fit for the job.
还不清楚他是否适合这份工作。
[例2] It is widely known that seven people were killed in the accident.
人们都知道这场事故中有七人丧生。
[造句] 大家都知道中国姓放在名字前面。
It is known that family names come first in China.
[知识拓展]
(1)句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that”中常用的过去分词有：said，reported，considered，believed，hoped，suggested，estimated，admitted等。
(2)下列三种句型可以相互转换
It＋be＋过去分词＋that
→People say/think...＋that...
→Sb./Sth.＋be＋过去分词＋不定式
[翻译]
①It is generally agreed that he is one of the most famous writers in our country.(大家普遍认为)
②It was reported that he had won the game at his first international competition.(据报道)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It's often said that we are living (live) in an age of information explosion.
②We are said to be living (live)in an age of information explosion.
either...or...要么……要么……
(教材P51) With the majority of attempts to climb Qomolangma resulting either in total success or failure，is there also a scientific reason behind this risk?taking?
大多数登珠峰的尝试要么完全成功，要么彻底失败，在这种冒险行为背后是否也有科学依据呢？
句式分析：本句中either...or...是连接词，意为“或者……或者……；不是……就是……”。在这里连接两个宾语。
[例1] I'm going to major either maths or biology in university，as both are my favorite subjects.
在大学里我打算要么学数学，要么学生物，因为这两个都是我最喜欢的科目。
[例2] You either go or stay.Don't just wander here doing nothing.
你要么走，要么留。不要在这儿走来走去无所事事。
[造句] 我们要么选张伟做我们远足的队长，要么选刘迪。
We will elect Zhang Wei or Liu Di as our captain of going outing.
[知识拓展]
either...or...主要用于表示选择，其意为“要么……要么……”“或者……或者……”，用于连接两个性质相同的词或短语；连接两个成分作主语时，谓语动词通常与其靠近的主语保持一致。除可连接两个词或短语外，有时也可连接两个句子。其否定式可以是not either...or...，也可以是neither...nor...。
[翻译]
①He neither knows nor cares what happened.(既不知道也不关心)
②Neither the teacher nor the students are going to Huangshan.(老师和学生都不)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Either you or I am (be) wrong.It is impossible that we are both right.
②One will get ill，either because he doesn't take enough exercise，or because he doesn't have a healthy diet.
1．(教材P50) For these people，climbing Qomolangma is an experience like no other，making some feel weak and others，powerful.
[分析] 此句是一个主系表结构的简单句。Climbing Qomolangma是动名词短语作句子的主语。like no other是介词短语意思是“与众不同”。making some feel weak and others，powerful是动名词短语作定语修饰表语an experience，结构为：make sb.do sth.，and 后面为省略结构，原句应该为making others feel powerful。
[译文] 对于这些人来说，登珠峰是一种与众不同的体验，能让一些人感到虚弱，让另一些人感到强大。
2．(教材P51) Psychologist Frank Farley has spent years studying people who jump out of planes and drive fast cars，as well as those who climb Qomolangma.
[分析] 此句是一个主从复合句。主句是主谓宾结构的句子。其中spend time doing sth.后面的宾语people后面有两个who引导的定语从句；as well as连接两个定语从句。
[译文] 心理学家弗兰克·法利用多年的时间研究那些高空跳伞以及开快车的人，以及那些登珠峰的人。
教材 高考
1.With the majority of attempts to climb Qomolangma resulting either in total success or failure，is there also scientific reason behind this risk?taking？ (2017·江苏卷)A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help shape your year ahead.
2.He refers to the personalities of these people as “Type T”，with the “T” standing for“thrill”． (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Wang Shu，a 49?year?old Chinese architect，won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize—which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture—on February 28.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The girl won the game at her first (one) attempt in the national competition.
2．I could hear them talking but I couldn't figure out what they were saying.
3．I like English and thus I chose English as my major in the college.
4．I'm going to buy either a camera or a CD player with the money.
5．Would you like to know what the stars on the national flag stand for?
6．Those referred(refer)to as heroes are the common people around us.
7．The result of the exam confirmed (confirm) our judgement before.
8．We can only attract someone similar to ourselves (us)in character and personality.
9．The explosion brought the school bus safety into focus of the school's daily work.
10．It is generally believed that we should make it clear if we have the potential to do better what we are doing.
Ⅱ.短语填空
open up；bring...into；result in；be connected to；refer to；stand for；figure out；focus on；take risk；benefit from
1．Our flag stands for our country.
2．People who like taking risks are adventurous and daring to do almost everything.
3．The latest news brings Sun Yang into focus but he makes no comment.
4．You really have to figure out what you are good at and try to achieve it.
5．Many countries have benefited from the The Belt and Road Initiative.
6．The new project opens up a new road to cooperate with different business partners.
7．The failure of Chinese Basketball team resulted in the loss of the chance to the Olympic Games.
8．We Chinese people refer to our language as Han，which we are all proud of.
9．If you want to achieve your goal，you need to focus on what is the most important.
10．Our health is closely connected to our eating habits and daily lifestyle.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Last year，hundreds of people 1.spent (spend) good money on an experience that they knew 2.would include (would) crowds，discomfort and danger.Many would become sick，due 3. to the extreme cold and low air pressure and and a few would even lose their 4.lives (life)．For those people，5.climbing (climb) Qomolangma is an experience making some feel powerful.For them，6.what they get from the adventure is just sheer joy.That is what life 7.means (mean)．It brings into focus what is important to them and forces you to look deep inside 8.yourself (you)．Psychologists refer to the personalities of these people as“Type T”．Although the climbers may say they are experts but are not taking risks，they don't expect 9.to die (die)．Our desire to seek risks can be connected with 10.how much we expect to benefit from the result.
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Section Ⅲ Using language
过去将来时
过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将要发生的动作或呈现的状态。在英语“时态”中，“时”指动作发生的时间，“态”指动作的样子和状态。一般过去将来时的出发点是过去，即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作或状态。
[观察例句]
1．I told you he was going to come to the party.
I knew Julie would make dinner.
2．I knew John would finish the work by 5：00 p．m.
I knew the work would be finished by 5：00 p．m.
3．I thought Sally was going to make a beautiful dinner.
I thought Sally wasn't going to make a beautiful dinner.
4．Was Jack going to write a letter to Tom?
Would my sister buy a house in that city and settle down?
[归纳用法]
Ⅰ.过去将来时的构成
肯定句 主语＋would＋动词原形＋其他
否定句 主语＋would not＋动词原形 ＋其他
疑问句 Would＋主语＋动词原形＋其他
被动句 would ＋ be ＋ 动词的过去分词(done)
Ⅱ.过去将来时的用法
表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的事情
He said he would come to see me.
他说他要来看我。
He told me he would go to Beijing.
他告诉我他将去北京。
Ⅲ.表示过去将要发生的事情的其他结构与时态
一、(1)“was /were＋going to＋动词原形”
“was /were＋going to＋动词原形”也可表示根据计划或安排即将发生的事，也可表示未能实现的过去将来时间的动作。
She said she was going to start at once.
她说她将立即出发。
I was told that he was going to return home.
他告诉我他准备要回家。
(2)“was /were＋going to＋动词原形”还可表示根据当时情况判断有可能但不一定会发生某事。
例：It seemed as if it was going to rain.看来好像要下雨。
二、某些动词的过去进行时
come，go，leave，arrive，start等严格按照时间表发生的表起止的动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。
He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.
他说火车第二天早晨六点出发。
She told me she was coming to see me.
她告诉我她要来看我。
三、was/were about to do和was/were on the point of doing
He was about to leave when it began to rain.
他正要离开，天突然下起雨来。
He was on the point of shouting at his daughter when she burst into tears.
他正要对女儿大吼，她放声大哭起来。
四、was/were to＋动词原形
I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time.
我感到紧张，因为很快就要首次离开家了。
They said goodbye，little knowing that they were never to meet again.
他们告了别，一点也没想到以后再也不会见面了。
五、特定场合的一般过去时
在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
I didn't know when she would come，but when she came I would let you know.
我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。
[名师点津]
第一个when引导宾语从句，可使用将来时，第二个when引导时间状语从句，只能用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
[即时训练] 完成句子
1．我知道你会同意的。
I knew you would agree．
2．我说我来安排一切。
I said I would arrange everything．
3．我不知道他是否会来。
I didn't know if he would come．
4．她66岁了。三年后，她是69岁。
She was sixty?six.In three years，she would be sixty?nine．
5．上星期天我们本想去游览长城的，但却下雨了。
Last Sunday we were going to visit the Great Wall，but it rained.
6．第二天他们能完成工作吗？
Were they going to finish the work before the next day?
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Miss Zhang said she would visit (visit) the Great Wall next summer.
2．She told him that she would not stay (not stay) here for long.
3．I wasn't sure whether Lucy would come (come) the next year.
4．The scientists said the world's population would slow (slow) down in future.
5．She said the bus was leaving (leave) at five the next morning.
6．I wasn't sure whether he would lend (lend) me his book the next morning.
7．He was fifty?six.In two years he would be (be) fifty?eight.
8．Whenever she has time，she would help(help) them in their work.
9．She said that she would water (water) the flower the next day but she didn't.
10．She told us that she would not go (not go)with us，if it rained.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
After graduation from college，I thought it 1.would be (be) a depressing period of time because I discovered that the worried expression I 2.had worn(wear) since childhood meant sure failure.I knew it 3.would become (become) difficult to relieve the depression left by so many years of hardship.It called for a complete change in my view on life.Here is the method I tried.
Each morning during a fifteen minute bath，I determined to cultivate a big，happy smile and make myself 4.relaxed (relax)．I found out，however，that it couldn't be a forced smile developed just for the purpose of putting dollars in my pocket.It had to be an honest ?to?goodness smile from down deep inside，an outward expression of happiness from within！I was definitely sure that it 5.would work (work)．
Let's see the starting off with a good fifteen?minute training of the smile muscles helped me during the day.Before entering an office I 6.would think (think) of many things I had to be thankful for，work up a charming smile and then entered.Seldom did it fail to get the same smile 7.in return from the person I met.I also found that it pleased people when I passed them on the street to give them a cheerful smile.
Give every living soul you meet the best smile you have ever smiled in your life，8.and see how much better you feel and look.It's one of the best 9.ways(way) I know to stop worrying，and start living.When I began doing this，I found 10.myself(me) more welcome everywhere.
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