(共56张PPT)
语法专项之名词性从句
一、考情分析
1.考纲解读
（1）掌握名词性从句的引导词及引导词在名词性从句中的作用，了解that与what，if与whether的区别。
（2）区分that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的用法；掌握wh-与wh-ever类连接词引导名词性从句的用法。
2015-2019年名词性从句考点分布
2.命题趋势
名词性从句的考查点主要集中在宾语从句上；引导词的选择与判断，其中what与that是考查的重点。
题型 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅰ Ⅱ
语法填空 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
改错 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
二、句型识别
在下列句子末尾标出从句类型：
1.We wondered why he was so hungry. ____________
2.It is certain that he will come. ____________
3.The problem is whether the meeting will be held. ____________
4.What makes this shop different is its personal service. ____________
5.We thought it good news that the fog had finally gone. ____________
小结：在复合句中充当______（填词性）作用的从句，它在句中可充当______、______、______、______（成分）。名词性从句包括____________、___________、_____________、_____________。
宾语从句
主语从句
表语从句
主语从句
同位语从句
主语
宾语
表语
同位语
同位语从句
主语从句
名词
表语从句
宾语从句
三、知识梳理
考点一：主语从句
在句中起主语作用的从句成为主语从句。引导主语从句的连词主要有三类：
从属连词that,whether,if;
连接代词what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等；
连接副词when,whnere,why,how.
（1）that引导的主语从句
that引导的从句作主语时，that在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，无任何意义，通常不能省去，且常用it作形式主语。
e.g.: That the college will take in more new students is true.
=It is true that the college will take in more new students.
这所大学将招收更多的新生是真的。
练习1：How strange it is ______ the students are so quiet in the classroom！
that
（2）whether/if引导的主语从句
whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首，也可放在句尾；if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面要用it作形式主语。whether/if起连接作用，意为“是否”，在从句中不作成分。
练习2：__________ we will go there tomorrow depends on the weather.
我们明天是否会去那里取决于天气。
练习3：It's doubtful __________ this painting is a Picasso.
这幅画是否是毕加索画的还无法确定。
Whether
whether\if
（3）wh-类连接代词引导的主语从句
引导主语从句的wh-类连接代词包括：who，whose，which，what，whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever等。连接代词引导主语从句时，在句中既起连接作用，又在从句中作主语，宾语、表语或定语。
练习4：It is unclear _________ car is the most expensive.
练习5：_________ gets there first will get the prize.
练习6：_________ makes New Zealand’s university stand out is their abilities to provide highened education.
whose
Whoever
What
（4）连接副词引导的主语从句
引导主语从句的连接副词包括when，where，how，why。连接副词除了在句中起连接作用外，还在从句中作状语。
练习7：_________ I will spend my summer vacation is still uncertain.
练习8：_________ the medicine reduces and relieves pain is still unclear.
?注意：
（1）It+be+n./adj.+主语从句。在“It is necessary/important/strange+that从句”中，从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，且should可以省略。
练习9：______ is clear that persistent efforts always bring reward.
Where
How
It
（2）It+be+v.-ed+that从句。say，report，think，believe，hope，expect，agree，accept，decide，intend，plan，understand，know，demand，request，require，order，suggest，advise，recommend等动词的过去分词常用于此句型。
练习11：It ____________(report) that another satellte has been in orbit (轨道)
练习12：_______ is believed that Beijing opera gradually came into being after 1790 when the four famous Anhui opera troupes（班子）came to Beijing.
人们认为京剧是在1790年著名的四大微班来到北京后逐渐形成的。
练习13：It is suggested that the patient______________（treat）at once.
建议立刻给病人动手术。
is reported
It
(should) be treated
（3）It makes no difference/doesn't matter+主语从句。
e.g.: It makes no difference to me whether you go or not.
你去不去对我来说无所谓。
（4）从句作主语时，句子谓语动词的单复数问题。
①从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。
练习14：That they are not going to the cinema _____ a big surprise to us.
②what 引导的从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数；若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词常用复数。
练习15：What she said _____ wrong.
练习16：What we need _____ books.
is
is
are
通关秘籍：
要做对考查主语从句的题要从以下方面着手：
1. 看主语从句里缺少什么成分就补什么成分，如不缺少成分用that，whether，if（that无意义，whether/if可译为“是否”）；缺少主语、宾语、表语，常用what，who，which，whom等；缺少地点状语用where，缺少时间状语用when，缺少原因状语用why，缺少方式状语用how等，即要看从句的意思是否完整，根据”缺哈补哈，哈都不缺用that”的原则选用连词。
2. 巧记主语从句的用法：
整句作主语，其后单谓语。
莫忘加连词，that不略但无义。
“是否“前置用whether，其他连词靠翻译。
主语从句可后置，只需形式主语it把它替。
考点2：宾语从句
在句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句可分为三类：动词后的宾语从句，介词后的宾语从句，形容词后的宾语从句。引导宾语从句的连接词主要有三类：从属连词that，whether，if等；连接代词what，who，whose，which，whatever，whichever，whoever 等；连接副词when，where，how，why，whenever，wherever等。
（1）宾语从句的连接词
连接词的类型 所做句子成分
从属连词 that 不做句子成分，只起连接作用
if
whether
连接代词 who(ever) 主语、宾语、表语
whom(ever) 宾语
whose 定语
what(ever) 主语、宾语、表语、定语
which(ever) 主语、宾语、表语、定语
连接副词 when 时间状语
where 地点状语
why 原因状语
how 方式状语
练习1：He told me __________ he would go to college.
练习2：Jenny asked me __________ I had returned the bike to its owner.
练习3：Bill wanted to know __________ did this.
练习4：He didn't tell me __________ we would meet.
练习5：Could you show me ________ I can get to the zoo？
that
whether\if
when\where
how
who
（2）动词后接宾语从句的用法
①大多数及物动词及动词短语后可接宾语从句
练习6：We should keep in mind________there aren’t any short cuts to learning.
练习7：From them, the West learns________is uniquely Chinese, for example, feng shui.
练习8：When I walked on the street, I wanted to say_______clean the streets were.
that
what
how
②动词后接宾语从句的特殊用法：
that从句（用于否定句或疑问句）
1. doubt
whether/if从句（用于肯定句）
练习9：I don’t doubt_______the plan is practical, but I doubt________ he will stick with the plan until it’s finished.
that
Whether\if
2. demand/order/suggest/advise/insist/request/command+that从句[(should）do]
练习10：The teacher suggested that we ____________(clean) the blackboard after class.
练习11：The boss ordered that the task____________（complete）by noon.
(should) clean
(should) be completed
3.find/feel/think/believe/consider/make+it（形式宾语）+宾补+that从句
练习12：I think ________ necessary that we think drink plenty of boiled water.
4.hate/like/appreciate/depend on/rely on+it+从句
练习13：I hate ________ when they talk with their mouths full of food.
it
it
（3）介词后接宾语从句的用法
①一般情况下介词后只能接wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。
练习14：He'll talk to us about ________ happened in the classroom.
练习15： Contrary to________ many people think，HIV cannot be transmitted through mosquitoes, coughs or sneezes.
what
what
（4）形容词后接宾语从句的用法
①表示情感或态度的形容词（如：afraid，certain，glad，pleased，sure，surprised，sorry，happy等）后可接宾语从句。
练习16：I'm very pleased ________ all of your family will come.我很高兴你们全家都会来。
that
②sure后宾语从句的连接词 that，whether，if的选择。
当be sure用于肯定句或疑问句时，其后的宾语从句的连接词常用that；当be sure用于否定句时，其后的宾语从句的连接词常用whether或if。
练习17：Are you sure ________ I won't bother you if I sit beside you?
练习18：I am not sure ________ I should write to him or not.我不确定要不要给他写信。
that
whether\if
考点3：表语从句
在句子中作表语的从句称为表语从句。引导表语从句的连接词主要有：从属连词that，whether；连接代词who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever等；连接副词when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever等。此外，表语从句还可用because 和as if/as though等引导。
（1）表语从句的特殊连接词
① that/what。that引导表语从句时，不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，没有任何意义，通常不可省略；what 引导表语从句时既起连接作用，又作从句的句子成分。
练习1：Our plan is ________ we’ll go there once a week.
练习2：That's ________ he said.
练习3：The choices you make can tell something about your inner thoughts. At least，that's ________science has proved.
that
what
what
② whether。引导表语从句时，一般只能用whether而不能用if。
练习4：The question is ________ they have signed the contract.
③ as if/as though。as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，其引导的表语从句常位于系动词（如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel，smell等）之后。
练习5：I felt ________ we had known each other for years.
练习6：she looks ________ she has been working had for a long time.
whether
as if
as if
（2）表语从句的三个易混句式
练习7：That's ________ I want you to work there.
练习8：It's just ________ he doesn't know her.
练习9：The reason ________ he didn't come was ________ it was raining heavily.
why
because
why
that
句式 用法
This/That is why+结果 意为“这/那就是……的原因”，why引导表语从句。
This/That/It is because+原因 意为”这/那是因为……"，because 引导表语从句。
The reason why...is...that 意为“……的原因是……"，why引导定语从句，修饰先行|词reason，that 引导表语从句。
通关秘籍：
1.对表语从句的考查通常以引导词的选择为主，所以正确分析表语从句的结构相当重要。先确定从句的结构和意义是否完整，如果完整就用that，且that通常不能省略；如果不完整，确定所缺成分，然后结合句意确定答案。
2.主语为名词reason，表语从句用that 而不用why引导。
考点4：同位语从句
在句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，infomation，belief，thought，doubt，promise，question等名词的后面，对名词作进一步的解释。引导同位语从句的词有that，which，what，whether，how，when，where等。
（1）同位语从句的连接词
练习1：The news ________ I have passed the exam is true.
练习2：The question ________ he will join us is very important.
练习3：The question ________ should do the work is being discussed at the meeting.
练习4：I have no idea ________ I should choose.
what\which one
that
whether
who
连接词 作用
that 无意义，只起连接作用，在从句中不作成分，不省略。
whether 意为“是否”，在从句中不作成分，不省略，也不用if替换。
who，what，whom，which，whose等连接代词 保留自身疑问含义，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
when，how，where，why等连接副词 保留自身疑问含义，在从句中作状语。
（2）有时主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句内容较长，这时为避免“头重脚轻”，常常将谓语部分提到从句前面，形成分隔式同位语从句。
练习5：My wish will come true one day ________ I should buy a big house for my parents.
what
通关秘籍：
解答考查同位语从句的题目时，一定要先找出从句解释说明的那个名词，然后根据从句的意思和从句的结构判断从句所缺的引导词：
1.从句意思和成分都完整就用that引导，此时要注意that 引导的同位语从句和定语从句的区别。
2.从句成分完整，但意思不完整，表示“是否“之意时用whether，切记此时不能用if代替whether。
3.从句缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则应用连接代词。根据句子所要表达的意思进一步选择用哪一个连接代词。
4.从句缺少地点状语、时间状语、方式状语或原因状语时，则分别用连接副词where，when，how，why。
四、易混辨析
辨析1：同位语从句和定语从句
（1）同位语从句既“说明、解释“前面的名词，又“等同于” 前面的名词；定语从句 “修饰、限定“先行词，“关系词“替代先行词，在从句中充当成分。
（2）定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时又在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语或表语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
练习1：指出下列从句类型并翻译。
1. We are delighted at the news that we are going to spend our summer vacation in Hainan.
2. Neither of us showed any interest in the news that John told us yesterday.
3. The news that he gave it up surprised us.
4. The news that he told me surprised me.
5. I have no idea when we will move into the new house.
6. I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
辨析2：that与what引导名词性从句的区别
that在从句中不能够充当句子成分，也没有含义；what可以在从句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，意思是”什么，……的事情，什么样的"。
练习2：________ he failed in the test again really puzzled us.
练习3：These photographs will show you ________our village looks like.
That
what
辨析3：wh-与wh-ever引导名词性从句的区别
连接词what，which，who分别表示”……的东西或事情””哪一个“"谁”，表示疑问含义；而whatever，whichever，whoever分别相当于anything that，any.…that，anyone who，意为“无论……”，强调一切情况。
练习4：翻译下列句子
①What you choose to wear should be clean.
②Whatever you choose to wear should be clean.
练习5：________ will come to help with my Eaglish hasn’t been decided.
练习6：________ attend the competition will be awarded.
who
whoever
辨析4：wh-ever与no matter wh-的区别
wh-ever既可以引导名词性从句，又可以引导让步状语从句，而no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句。
练习7：I will give this dictionary to ________ wins the first prize in the English contest.
练习8：________________ wins the first prize in the English contest, I will give this dictionary to him.
whoever
Whoever\No matter who
辨析5：引导名词性从句用whether 而不用if的情况
whether/if引导宾语从句，表示“是否“时，一般情况下可互换；引导名词性从句时，用whether而不用if的情况如下：
特殊情况 例句
引导主语从句且从句置于句首时 Whether the sports meeting will be held on time depends on the weather.
引导表语从句时 The question is whether our team will win the game.
引导同位语从句时 I have no idea whether he is willing to help us.
作介词的宾语时 Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
作discuss的宾语时 We are discussing whether we should close the shop right now.
与or not直接连用时（不直接连用时，whether和if可互换） I don't know whether or not they will come.=I don't know whether/if they will come or not.
练习9：Can you tell me ________ to go or to stay？
练习10：We haven't setled the question of _________its necessary for him to study abroad.
whether
whether
辨析6：that通常不可省略的情况
特殊情况 例句
that引导主语从句且从句置于句首时 That he failed in the exam made his parents disappointed.
that引导表语从句时 The truth is that I didn’t go there.
that引导同位语从句时 The news that our team has won is true.
当that引导的从句作介词的宾语时 They share little in common except that they are from the same country.
当主语谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其他的that不可省略 I believe (that) you’ve done your best and that things will get better.
当it作形式宾语，that引导的从句作真正的宾语时 He has made it clear that he will not give in.
当that引导的宾语从句与主句谓语动词之间有插入语或与从句主语之间有插入语时 He announced, believe it or not, that he would never forgive her.
真题再现
1. (2019全国卷Ⅰ) While they are rare north of 880, there is evidence ________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
2. (2018全国卷) I’m not sure ________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
3. (2016全国卷Ⅰ)（改错）My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.
4. (2015全国卷Ⅱ) As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly________thick
5. (2015全国卷Ⅱ) （改错）After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.
that
which
how
五、模拟训练
语法填空：
1. His favorite food is fried snacks and soft drinks. It is no surprise _______losing weight is just his dream.
2. Recently, a new research has suggested the possibility in a popular magazine _______ pleasant smells might reduce pain.
3. Through the process of comparison，it might be easier for us to understand _______important belief really is.
4. With an optimistic attitude snd a stong will, we can overcome _______difficulties we might meet with and achieve our goals.
5. Earthquakes wory people a lot.The reason is_______we often do not know when they are coming. People can not prepare for it.
that
that
that
how
whatever
6. The difficulty lies in _______ they will come to our help immediately.
7. They would appreciate it, to be frank, _______ the goods could be delivered as soon as possible.
8. _______ is expected to happen that small automated buses could make a difference when present human-operated transport has proved inefficient.
9. It turns out that looking attractive in photos isn't easy due to _______ the researchers are calling the“frozen face effect”.
10. It is obvious _______ the local government can do to protect the environment for future generations.
whether
if
It
what
that
改错：
1. When I went to the kitchen to get my breakfast, I was astonished at which I saw.
2. I was in such a hurry that I paid no attention to if the milk was hot or not.
3. From this experience, I am fully aware that we should take real action if our personality that needs improving.
4. But they couldn't understand what she said. I went to the woman and asked her that was happening.
5. Today, English is which my strength lies. And I'm grateful to my English teacher.
what
where
that删掉
what
whther
6. The first reason why I consider him as my best friend is because he has a very warm personality.
7. One of the biggest cultural differences I noticed while in London why the people of London conducted themselves.
8. It is cheerful what the local authorities have promised them to shorten the time of obtaining it.
9. I'm writing to tell you how is going on in our school-a baskebal match to be held next month.
10. We should make full use of time to do that should be done.
that
how
that
what
what
语篇填空:
It was reported 1.___ ___ there was an accident at the corner of Roman Street this morning. No one saw 2.___ ___ _ on earth happened then. A car ran into a truck but fortunately, nobody got injured. 3.___ ___ _ is responsible for the accident is still under investigation. The police are uncertain about 4.___ ___ _the driver is guilty. 5.___ ___ _the police should do now is 6.___ ___ _ they must find out what led to the accident. They said it was difficult for them to judge because 7.___ ___ _ the accident happened was not clear. Perhaps the reason was 8.___ ___ _ the driver was too tired to stop the car in time. The diver didn't admit the fact 9.___ ___ _ he was driving too fast at the turning. The police doubted 10.___ ___ _ what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation.
that
what
who
whether
what
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that
whether\if
that
谢谢
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名词性从句
一、考情分析
1.考纲解读
（1）掌握名词性从句的引导词及引导词在名词性从句中的作用，了解that与what，if与whether的区别。
（2）区分that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的用法；掌握wh-与wh-ever类连接词引导名词性从句的用法。
2015-2019年名词性从句考点分布
题型 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅰ Ⅱ
语法填空 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
改错 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
2.命题趋势
名词性从句的考查点主要集中在宾语从句上；引导词的选择与判断，其中what与that是考查的重点。
二、句型识别
在下列句子末尾标出从句类型：
1.We wondered why he was so hungry. ___宾语从句___
2.It is certain that he will come. ___主语从句___
3.The problem is whether the meeting will be held. ___表语从句__
4.What makes this shop different is its personal service. ___主语从句___
5.We thought it good news that the fog had finally gone. ___宾语从句___
小结：在复合句中充当__名词_（填词性）作用的从句，它在句中可充当__主语_、_宾语_、__表语__、_同位语_（成分）。名词性从句包括__主语从句_、_宾语从句_、__表语从句__、_同位语从句_。
三、知识梳理
考点一：主语从句
在句中起主语作用的从句成为主语从句。引导主语从句的连词主要有三类：从属连词that,whether,if;连接代词what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等；连接副词when,whnere,why,how.
（1）that引导的主语从句
that引导的从句作主语时，that在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，无任何意义，通常不能省去，且常用it作形式主语。
e.g.: That the college will take in more new students is true.
=It is true that the college will take in more new students.
这所大学将招收更多的新生是真的。
练习1：How strange it is _that_ the students are so quiet in the classroom！
（2）whether/if引导的主语从句
whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首，也可放在句尾；if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面要用it作形式主语。whether/if起连接作用，意为“是否”，在从句中不作成分。
练习2：__Whether __ we will go there tomorrow depends on the weather.
我们明天是否会去那里取决于天气。
练习3：It's doubtful __whether/if_ this painting is a Picasso.
这幅画是否是毕加索画的还无法确定。
（3）wh-类连接代词引导的主语从句
引导主语从句的wh-类连接代词包括：who，whose，which，what，whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever等。连接代词引导主语从句时，在句中既起连接作用，又在从句中作主语，宾语、表语或定语。
练习4：It is unclear __whose__ car is the most expensive.
练习5：__Whoever_ gets there first will get the prize.
练习6：_What_ makes New Zealand’s university stand out is their abilities to provide highend education.
（4）连接副词引导的主语从句
引导主语从句的连接副词包括when，where，how，why。连接副词除了在句中起连接作用外，还在从句中作状语。
练习7：__Where_ I will spend my summer vacation is still uncertain.
练习8：__How_ the medicine reduces and relieves pain is still unclear.
注意：
（1）It+be+n./adj.+主语从句。在“It is necessary/important/strange+that从句”中，从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，且should可以省略。
练习9：It is necessary and important that one should master the skills of operating computers.
翻译：__掌握操作电脑的技能很必要也很重要。______
练习10：_It__ is clear that persistent efforts always bring reward.
（2）It+be+v.-ed+that从句。say，report，think，believe，hope，expect，agree，accept，decide，intend，plan，understand，know，demand，request，require，order，suggest，advise，recommend等动词的过去分词常用于此句型。
练习11：It __is reported_(report) that another satellte has been in orbit (轨道) .
练习12：__ It __ is believed that Beijing opera gradually came into being after 1790 when the four famous Anhui opera troupes（班子）came to Beijing.
人们认为京剧是在1790年著名的四大微班来到北京后逐渐形成的。
练习13：It is suggested that the patient_(should) be treated___（treat）at once.
建议立刻给病人动手术。
（3）It makes no diference/doesn't mater+主语从句。
e.g.: It makes no diference to me whether you go or not.
你去不去对我来说无所谓。
（4）从句作主语时，句子谓语动词的单复数问题。
①从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。
练习14：That they are not going to the cinema __is___ a big surprise to us.
②what 引导的从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数；若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词常用复数。
练习15：What she said _is__ wrong.
练习16：What we need _are_ books.
通关秘籍：
要做对考查主语从句的题要从以下方面着手：
1. 看主语从句里缺少什么成分就补什么成分，如不缺少成分用that，whether，if（that无意义，whether/if可译为“是否”）；缺少主语、宾语、表语，常用what，who，which，whom等；缺少地点状语用where，缺少时间状语用when，缺少原因状语用why，缺少方式状语用how等，即要看从句的意思是否完整，根据”缺哈补哈，哈都不缺用that”的原则选用连词。
2. 巧记主语从句的用法：
整句作主语，其后单谓语。
莫忘加连词，that不略但无义。
“是否“前置用whether，其他连词靠翻译。
主语从句可后置，只需形式主语it把它替。
考点2：宾语从句
在句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句可分为三类：动词后的宾语从句，介词后的宾语从句，形容词后的宾语从句。引导宾语从句的连接词主要有三类：从属连词that，whether，if等；连接代词what，who，whose，which，whatever，whichever，whoever 等；连接副词when，where，how，why，whenever，wherever等。
（1）宾语从句的连接词
连接词的类型 所做句子成分
从属连词 that 不做句子成分，只起连接作用
if
whether
连接代词 who(ever) 主语、宾语、表语
whom(ever) 宾语
whose 定语
what(ever) 主语、宾语、表语、定语
which(ever) 主语、宾语、表语、定语
连接副词 when 时间状语
where 地点状语
why 原因状语
how 方式状语
练习1：He told me ____that______ he would go to college.
练习2：Jenny asked me __whether/if________ I had returned the bike to its owner.
练习3：Bill wanted to know _who_________ did this.
练习4：He didn't tell me __when/where________ we would meet.
练习5：Could you show me _how_______ I can get to the zoo？
（2）动词后接宾语从句的用法
①大多数及物动词及动词短语后可接宾语从句
练习6：We should keep in mind__that______there aren’t any short cuts to learning.
练习7：From them, the West learns__what__is uniquely Chinese, for example, feng shui.
练习8：When I walked on the street, I wanted to say__how_____clean the streets were.
②动词后接宾语从句的特殊用法：
that从句（用于否定句或疑问句）
1. doubt
whether/if从句（用于肯定句）
练习9：I don’t doubt_that______the plan is practical, but I doubt whether/if he will stick with the plan until it’s finished.
2. demand/order/suggest/advise/insist/request/command+that从句[(should）do]
练习10：The teacher suggested that we _(should）clean (clean) the blackboard after class.
练习11：The boss ordered that the task__(should）be completed______（complete）by noon.
3.find/feel/think/believe/consider/make+it（形式宾语）+宾补+that从句
练习12：I think _it__ necessary that we think drink plenty of boiled water.
4.hate/like/appreciate/depend on/rely on+it+从句
练习13：I hate __it_ when they talk with their mouths full of food.
（3）介词后接宾语从句的用法
①一般情况下介词后只能接wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。
练习14：He'll talk to us about __what__ happened in the classroom.
练习15： Contrary to__what___ many people think，HIV cannot be transmitted through mosquitoes, coughs or sneezes.
（4）形容词后接宾语从句的用法
①表示情感或态度的形容词（如：afraid，certain，glad，pleased，sure，surprised，sorry，happy等）后可接宾语从句。
练习16：I'm very pleased _that___ all of your family will come.我很高兴你们全家都会来。
②sure后宾语从句的连接词 that，whether，if的选择。
当be sure用于肯定句或疑问句时，其后的宾语从句的连接词常用that；当be sure用于否定句时，其后的宾语从句的连接词常用whether或if。
练习17：Are you sure _that__ I won't bother you if I sit beside you?
练习18：I am not sure _whether I should write to him or not.我不确定要不要给他写信。
考点3：表语从句
在句子中作表语的从句称为表语从句。引导表语从句的连接词主要有：从属连词that，whether；连接代词who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever等；连接副词when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever等。此外，表语从句还可用because 和as if/as though等引导。
（1）表语从句的特殊连接词
① that/what。that引导表语从句时，不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，没有任何意义，通常不可省略；what 引导表语从句时既起连接作用，又作从句的句子成分。
练习1：Our plan is _that__ we’ll go there once a week.
练习2：That's _what_ he said.
练习3：The choices you make can tell something about your inner thoughts. At least，that's __ what __science has proved.
② whether。引导表语从句时，一般只能用whether而不能用if。
练习4：The question is ___whether_____ they have signed the contract.
③ as if/as though。as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，其引导的表语从句常位于系动词（如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel，smell等）之后。
练习5：I felt _as if_ we had known each other for years.
练习6：she looks _as if__ she has been working had for a long time.
（2）表语从句的三个易混句式
句式 用法
This/That is why+结果 意为“这/那就是……的原因”，why引导表语从句。
This/That/It is because+原因 意为”这/那是因为……"，because 引导表语从句。
The reason why...is...that 意为“……的原因是……"，why引导定语从句，修饰先行|词reason，that 引导表语从句。
练习7：That's __why__ I want you to work there.
练习8：It's just __because______ he doesn't know her.
练习9：The reason __why______ he didn't come was __that______ it was raining heavily.
练习10：他上学迟到的原因是他没有赶上早班车。
_The reason why he was late for class is that he didn’t catch the early bus._
通关秘籍：
1.对表语从句的考查通常以引导词的选择为主，所以正确分析表语从句的结构相当重要。先确定从句的结构和意义是否完整，如果完整就用that，且that通常不能省略；如果不完整，确定所缺成分，然后结合句意确定答案。
2.主语为名词reason，表语从句用that 而不用why引导。
考点4：同位语从句
在句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，infomation，belief，thought，doubt，promise，question等名词的后面，对名词作进一步的解释。引导同位语从句的词有that，which，what，whether，how，when，where等。
（1）同位语从句的连接词
连接词 作用
that 无意义，只起连接作用，在从句中不作成分，不省略。
whether 意为“是否”，在从句中不作成分，不省略，也不用if替换。
who，what，whom，which，whose等连接代词 保留自身疑问含义，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
when，how，where，why等连接副词 保留自身疑问含义，在从句中作状语。
练习1：The news __that_ I have passed the exam is true.
练习2：The question _whether__ he will join us is very important.
练习3：The question __who__ should do the work is being discussed at the meeting.
练习4：I have no idea __what/which one______ I should choose.
（2）有时主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句内容较长，这时为避免“头重脚轻”，常常将谓语部分提到从句前面，形成分隔式同位语从句。
练习5：My wish will come true one day _that_ I should buy a big house for my parents.
通关秘籍：
解答考查同位语从句的题目时，一定要先找出从句解释说明的那个名词，然后根据从句的意思和从句的结构判断从句所缺的引导词：
1.从句意思和成分都完整就用that引导，此时要注意that 引导的同位语从句和定语从句的区别。
2.从句成分完整，但意思不完整，表示“是否“之意时用whether，切记此时不能用if代替whether。
3.从句缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则应用连接代词。根据句子所要表达的意思进一步选择用哪一个连接代词。
4.从句缺少地点状语、时间状语、方式状语或原因状语时，则分别用连接副词where，when，how，why。
四、易混辨析
辨析1：同位语从句和定语从句
（1）同位语从句既“说明、解释“前面的名词，又“等同于” 前面的名词；定语从句 “修饰、限定“先行词，“关系词“替代先行词，在从句中充当成分。
（2）定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时又在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语或表语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
练习1：指出下列从句类型并翻译。
1. We are delighted at the news that we are ging to spend our summer vacation in Hainan.
2. Neither of us showed any interest in the news that John told us yesterday.
3. The news that he gave it up surprised us.
4. The news that he told me surprised me.
5. I have no idea when we will move into the new house.
6. I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
辨析2：that与what引导名词性从句的区别
that在从句中不能够充当句子成分，也没有含义；what可以在从句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，意思是”什么，……的事情，什么样的"。
练习2：_That he failed in the test again really puzzled us.
练习3：These photographs will show you __what__our village looks like.
辨析3：wh-与wh-ever引导名词性从句的区别
连接词what，which，who分别表示”……的东西或事情””哪一个“"谁”，表示疑问含义；而whatever，whichever，whoever分别相当于anything that，any.…that，anyone who，意为“无论……”，强调一切情况。
练习4：翻译下列句子
①What you choose to wear should be clean.
②Whatever you choose to wear should be clean.
练习5：__Who__ will come to help with my Eaglish hasn’t been decided.
练习6：_Whoever_ attend the competition will be awarded.
辨析4：wh-ever与no matter wh-的区别
wh-ever既可以引导名词性从句，又可以引导让步状语从句，而no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句。
练习7：I will give this dictionary to _ whoever wins the first prize in the English contest.
练习8：__ Whoever/No matter who__ wins the first prize in the English contest, I will give this dictionary to him.
辨析5：引导名词性从句用whether 而不用if的情况
whether/if引导宾语从句，表示“是否“时，一般情况下可互换；引导名词性从句时，用whether而不用if的情况如下：
特殊情况 例句
引导主语从句且从句置于句首时 Whether the sports meeting will be held on time depends on the weather.
引导表语从句时 The question is whether our team will win the game.
引导同位语从句时 I have no idea whether he is willing to help us.
作介词的宾语时 Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
作discuss的宾语时 We are discussing whether we should close the shop right now.
与or not直接连用时（不直接连用时，whether和if可互换） I don't know whether or not they will come.=I don't know whether/if they will come or not.
注意：whether后直接接不定式时，也不能用if替换。
练习9：Can you tell me _whether_ to go or to stay？
练习10：We haven't setled the question of _whether_its necessary for him to study abroad.
辨析6：that通常不可省略的情况
特殊情况 例句
that引导主语从句且从句置于句首时 That he failed in the exam made his parents disappointed.
that引导表语从句时 The truth is that I didn’t go there.
that引导同位语从句时 The news that our team has won is true.
当that引导的从句作介词的宾语时 They share little in common except that they are from the same country.
当主语谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其他的that不可省略 I believe (that) you’ve done your best and that things will get better.
当it作形式宾语，that引导的从句作真正的宾语时 He has made it clear that he will not give in.
当that引导的宾语从句与主句谓语动词之间有插入语或与从句主语之间有插入语时 He announced, believe it or not, that he would never forgive her.
四、真题演练
1. (2019全国卷Ⅰ) While they are rare north of 880, there is evidence __that_ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
2. (2018全国卷III) I’m not sure __which_ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
3. (2016全国卷Ⅰ)（改错）My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. where
4. (2015全国卷Ⅱ) As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly_how_thick.
5. (2015全国卷Ⅱ) （改错）After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. that或去掉where
五、模拟训练
语法填空：
1. His favorite food is fried snacks and soft drinks. It is no surprise _that_losing weight is just his dream.
2. Recently, a new research has suggested the possibility in a popular magazine __ that__ pleasant smells might reduce pain.
3. Through the process of comparison，it might be easier for us to understand __how__important belief really is.
4. With an optimistic attitude snd a stong will, we can overcome _whatever______difficulties we might meet with and achieve our goals.
5. Earthquakes wory people a lot.The reason is__ that_we often do not know when they are coming. People can not prepare for it.
6. The difficulty lies in __whether_____ they will come to our help immediately.
7. They would appreciate it, to be frank, __if_____ the goods could be delivered as soon as possible.
8. ___It____ expected to happen that small automated buses could make a difference when present human-operated transport has proved inefficient.
9. It turns out that looking attractive in photos isn't easy due to __what_____ the researchers are calling the“frozen face effect”.
10. It is obvious __ that__ the local government can do to protect the environment for future generations.
改错：
1. When I went to the kitchen to get my breakfast, I was astonished at which I saw. what
2. I was in such a hurry that I paid no attention to if the milk was hot or not. whether
3. From this experience, I am fully aware that we should take real action if our personality that needs improving.
4. But they couldn't understand what she said.I went to the woman and asked her that was happening. what
5. Today, English is which my strength lies. And I'm grateful to my English teacher. where
6. The first reason why I consider him as my best friend is because he has a very warm personality. that
7. One of the biggest cultural differences I noticed while in London was why the people of London conducted themselves. how
8. It is cheerful what the local authorities have promised them to shorten the time of obtaining it. that
9. I'm writing to tell you how is going on in our school-a baskebal match to be held next month.
what
10. We shonld make full use of time to do that should be done. what
语篇填空:
It was reported 1._that there was an accident at the corner of Roman Street this morning. No one saw 2.___what _ on earth happened then. A car ran into a truck but fortunately, nobody got injured. 3.___who_ is responsible for the accident is still under investigation. The police are uncertain about 4.__whether _the driver is guilty. 5.__What_the police should do now is 6._that_ they must find out what led to the accident. They said it was difficult for them to judge because 7._how_ the accident happened was not clear. Perhaps the reason was 8._that_ _ the driver was too tired to stop the car in time. The diver didn't admit the fact 9._that_ he was driving too fast at the turning. The police doubted 10._whether/if_ what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation.
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