Unit 1
Section Ⅰ Warming up, Pre-reading, Reading and Comprehending
Ⅰ. 用所给词的适当形式填空
1.It’s difficult for me to make a____________(distinct) between the two plants；they really have a lot in common.
2.As is known to us all, whisky contains a large__________(percent) of alcohol.
3.Obama was________(elect) the first African-American President in the United States.
4.During the war my grandfather suffered many________(hard).
5.A new law has been introduced to discourage________(race) discrimination.
6.__________(addition), the sports meet has been put off till next week.
7.Chinese__________(immigrate) to America built homes in Chinatown.
8.__________(attract) by the beauty of the girl, the man can’t fall asleep.
9.Children are to be strongly__________(influence) by what we say and do.
10.The dream of__________(become) rich quickly attracted people from all over the world.
答案 1.distinction 2.percentage 3.elected 4.hardships 5.racial 6.Additionally 7.immigrants 8.Attracted 9.influenced 10.becoming
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1.It will cost a lot____________(维护) the gym.
2.The villagers mainly____________(谋生) by growing crops.
3.If you hurry up, you________________(可能) catch your flight.
4.In recent years, cities have________________(成为……的家园) more people from the countryside.
5.The thief broke into the house____________(通过) a ladder.
答案 1.to keep up 2.make a life 3.are likely to
4.become home to 5.by means of
Ⅲ. 句型转换
1.The reason why he died young was that he paid no attention to health.
＝He paid no attention to health._________________________________
he died young.
＝ He died young.____________________he paid no attention to health.
2.He is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.
＝____________________he will soon forget almost everything he learned.
3.It is said that a new shopping mall is being built in the city at present.
＝A new shopping mall_________________________________________
in the city at present.
4.It is believed that a number of the paintings in this castle were destroyed in a fire in 2009.
＝A number of the paintings in this castle____________________________ destroyed in a fire in 2009.
答案 1.That was why；That was because 2.It is likely that 3.is said to be being built 4.are believed to have been
[限时30分钟]
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
San Francisco Fire Engine Tours
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)
San_Francisco_Winery_Tour
Running：February 1st through April 30th
This delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF.Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included in ticket Price)
Departing from the Cannery：Tour times upon request
Duration (时长)：2 hours
Price：$90
Back_to_the_Fifties_Tour
Running：August 16th through August 31st
This tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco’s most fantastic periods, the 1950s！Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.
Departing from the Cannery：5：00 p.m. and 7：30 p.m.
Duration：2 hours
Price：$90
Spooky_Halloween_Tour
Running：October 10th through October 31st
Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district.Authentic fire gear (服装) is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco.
Departing from the Cannery：6：30 p.m. and 8：30 p.m.
Duration：1 hour and 30 minutes
Price：Available upon request
Holiday_Lights_Tour
Running：December 6th through December 23rd
This attractive tour takes you to some of San Francisco’s most cheerful holiday scenes.Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.
Departing from the Cannery：7：00 p.m. and 9：00 p.m.
Duration：1 hour and 30 minutes
Advance reservations required.
语篇导读 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国旧金山的四条旅游路线。
1.Which of the tours is available in March?
A.San Francisco Winery Tour.
B.Back to the Fifties Tour.
C.Spooky Halloween Tour.
D.Holiday Lights Tour.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一个标题San Francisco Winery Tour下的February 1st through April 30th可知，此项活动从2月1日持续到4月30日，所以如果3月份出游，要选择San Francisco Winery Tour，故选A项。
答案 A
2.What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tour?
A.Go to Treasure Island.
B.Enjoy the holiday scenes.
C.Have free ice cream.
D.Visit the Presidio district.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二个标题Back to the Fifties Tour下的“Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.”可知，游客在领略历史文化的同时，还有免费的冰激凌可吃，故选C项。
答案 C
3.What are tourists required to do to go on Holiday Lights Tour?
A.Take some drinks.
B.Set off early in the morning.
C.Wear warm clothes.
D.Make reservations in advance.
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一个标题Holiday Lights Tour下的“Advance reservations required.”可知，想参加这条路线，游客要提前预订，故选D项。
答案 D
B
Americans have taken over from the Indians many things besides their continent！Where did corn, potatoes, tomatoes, chocolate and maple sugar come from？The Indians.Who invented moccasins, snowshoes and hammocks？The Indians!
A list of the tools, plants, materials, and designs we owe to the Indians would include hundreds of items.But there is something far more familiar, something that is always at hand.It is used daily by every American：a large vocabulary of Indian words.
Potato, tomato, chocolate, moccasin and hammock came into English from Indian languages.So did cocoa, tobacco, maize (an Indian word for corn) and succotash.Some words have changed on the way.Potato, for example, comes from a word that sounds like “batata”.Cocoa began as “cacahuatl”.
Some meanings have also changed.The long Indian word from which succotash comes means “something broken off in bits”.Indian women often varied their dishes by mixing bits of one food with another.White men who ate an Indian dish of mixed lima beans(青豆) and corn began using the Indian word to mean this particular mixture.
Put on your moccasins and take a walk in the country.If it is a cold day and you wear a mackinaw, your jacket will be as Indian as your shoes.But mackinaw came from “michilimackinac”， the Indian name of a place where a fort(集市) served as a trading post.Bright-colored blankets or jackets bought at the post soon became known as “mackinaws”.
Early white visitors to the continent found Indian words useful for the things new to them.But some Indian sounds, such as the “tl” at the end of many words, were hard to say.That is why “coyotl” became coyote and “tomatl” became tomato.
Some words simply seemed too long.So, “musickwautash” became succotash and “rockahominy” became hominy.
4.The first two paragraphs may serve as a(n)________.
A.explanation B.introduction
C.comment D.background
解析 推理判断题。前两段通过介绍美国人从印第安人那里学到的东西引出了文章的话题——进入英语的印第安词语。
答案 B
5.Which of the following has been changed for easier pronunciation?
A.Batata. B.Chocolate.
C.Tomatl. D.Rockahominy.
解析 细节理解题。倒数第二段介绍了因为发音难而改变的一些词语，并举例说明，故选C项。
答案 C
6.Some words have changed because________.
A.they are too long
B.nobody can use them
C.the things they refer to have disappeared
D.they are too difficult for people to write
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，有些词是因为太长了，所以被变短，故选A项。
答案 A
7.What is the passage mainly about?
A.How Indian traditions affect us.
B.Why Indian words were changed.
C.Things we owe to the Indians.
D.Indian words all around us.
解析 主旨大意题。本文介绍了很多进入英语的印第安词语，故选D项。
答案 D
Ⅱ. 阅读填句(七选五)
If I could give everyone one piece of advice about the college application process, it would be this：__1__
Be different from the beginning.Don’t wait until the summer after the junior year, or worse, the fall of the senior year to begin this process.__2__You might be seeing the stress in seniors who are frantically(手忙脚乱地) visiting colleges, writing essays, and completing applications.
__3__Do some research and think beyond the “usual suspects”(备选) before you find the most suitable choice.Colleges compare students from the same high school with the same measuring stick since they read all the applications together.If your coursework and test scores don’t look good enough, it will be more challenging to be accepted.However, your leadership or special talents may be more impressive if you are one of only a few students applying to a certain college.
Be different in the activities you choose and follow your interests, not your friends.__4__It could be tutoring, the environment, dancing, writing, or starting a business, but take part for the right reasons.Your activities should be meaningful and tell a story about who you are.
Be different in what you write about in your essay to stand out.It is the one tool that gives you total control, so use it wisely.Write what you want them to know about you, not what you think they want to read.Brainstorming your essay topic is a self-reflection process.__5__Find something unique.
A.Try to develop your talents.
B.Be different in preparing your college list.
C.Stay away from topics that everyone writes about.
D.Dare to be different.
E.Imagine what people are usually interested in.
F.Starting early will relieve much stress.
G.Find something that matters to you or something you care about.
答案 1～5 DFBGC
Ⅲ. 语法填空
Yangshuo, China
It was raining lightly when I__1__(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn’t care.A few hours__2__， I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with__3__(it) choking smog.Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.
I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River__4__are pictured by artists in so many Chinese__5__(painting).Instead, I’d headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away__6__car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
Yangshuo__7__(be) really beautiful.A study of travelers__8__(conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it__9__(regular) arranges quick gateways here for people__10__(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
1.解析 由上文的...was raining推知该处应为过去时。
答案 arrived
2.解析 表示几小时前的表达方法有a few...before/earlier。
答案 before/earlier
3.解析 此处该用形容词性的物主代词，修饰后面的名词smog，故用its。
答案 its
4.解析 此处为定语从句修饰先行词dark waters且定语修饰先行词dark waters且定语从句中缺少主语，故用which/that。
答案 that/which
5.解析 many之后应为可数名词的复数，所以应用paintings。
答案 paintings
6.解析 by＋交通工具，意为“乘……”。
答案 by
7.解析 此题考查主谓一致。主语为Yangshuo且陈述事实真理，故用is。
答案 is
8.解析 过去分词作定语。
答案 conducted
9.解析 regularly放在主语之后修饰谓语动词arrange。
答案 regularly
10.解析 非谓语动词作定语修饰people，与people为主动关系，所以用其-ing形式。
答案 living
Unit 1
Section Ⅱ Grammar
Ⅰ. 用适当的连接词填空
1.A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not________ships are built for.
2.—I wonder________Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
—By working out every day.
3.If you swim in a river or lake be sure to investigate________is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.
4.Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for________Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.
5.You have to know________you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
6.My decision is____________all of us are to start at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning.
7.It doesn’t interest me__________you succeed or not.
8.________he didn’t turn up at the party is not clear to everyone.
9.__________leaves last should turn off the lights.
10.He wants to tell me____________he saw the pretty girl five years ago.
11.I’m not sure__________he will come here or not.
12.________was most important to her, she told me, was her family.
13.She knew nothing about his journey except________he was likely to be away for five weeks.
14.I don’t like it________you look at me like that.
15.—I serve three meals every day and do almost everything for him, but he still fails me.
—I’m sorry to say that’s________you are mistaken.
16.________surprises me most is that he is too vain.
17.____________we will have a picnic depends on the weather.
18.It has not been decided________will attend the meeting.
19.________Mike didn’t turn up at the meeting yesterday made the chairman of the meeting unhappy.
20.I haven’t settled the question of__________I’ll lend him the money.
答案 1.what 2.how 3.what 4.what 5.where 6.that 7.whether 8.Why 9.Whoever 10.that/where 11.whether 12.What 13.that 14.that 15.where 16.What 17.Whether 18.who 19.That 20.whether
Ⅱ. 单句改错
1.We must find out that Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.
2.The exhibition tells us which we should do something to stop air pollution.
3.I truly believe what beauty comes from within.
4.—What a mess！You are always so lazy!
—I’m not to blame, mum.I am who you have made me.
5.Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.This is how my mother used to tell me.
6.The best moment for the football star was that he scored the winning goal.
7.It’s good to know whether the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.
8.From space, the earth looks blue.This is why about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
9.They have found which appears to be a stolen car in the forest.
10.That I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
答案 1.that→when 2.which→that 3.what→that 4.who→what 5.how→what 6.that→when 7.whether→that 8.why→because 9.which→what 10.That→What
[限时30分钟]
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
Many American cities have interesting nick-names.Nicknames can help establish the identity of a city.They can also spread pride among its citizens.But nicknames sometimes can make fun of something.
Cleveland, Ohio, is a city in America’s Midwest.One of its earliest nicknames was Forest City.No one knows for sure who gave it this name in the 1830s.But Cleveland probably had a lot of trees.This nickname became popular among local businesses in the 1850s.Today, some businesses in the Cleveland area still use Forest City in their names.
Cleveland sits next to Lake Erie, one of North America’s Great Lakes, which was once a major manufacturing city.Ships used the lake for transporting goods.In the 1950s, businesses called Cleveland the Best Location in the Nation.
However，many factories closed or moved away.Cleveland had severe financial problems in the 1960s and 1970s.In 1969, the city became famous, but not in a good way.Cleveland’s Cuyahoga River caught on fire because of industrial wastes on the surface of the river.So in the 1970s, the national media began calling the city The Mistake on the Lake.
Since then, Cleveland has sought to improve its image, so the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum opened in Cleveland in 1995.So the city is proud of its latest nickname, The Rock and Roll Capital of the World.
Another city in the Midwest is Detroit, Michigan, which lies near Great Lakes.Henry Ford started the Ford Motor Company in Detroit in 1903.Five years later, he made the first “Model T” automobile.Within ten years, Detroit was being called The Motor City.It is still the center of the automobile industry in America.
Another popular nickname for Detroit is Motown.Berry Gordy, Junior started the Motown Record Corporation in Detroit in 1959.African-American singers recording for the company were extremely popular in the 1960s and 1970s.Their records were so successful that Detroit was also called Hitsville(金曲乌托邦) USA.
1.How many nicknames does Cleveland of Ohio have according to the passage?
A.Two. B.Three.
C.Four. D.Five
解析 细节理解题。根据文章对俄亥俄州克利夫兰市的描述可知，它被称为森林之城(Forest City)；湖面上的错误(The Mistake on the Lake)及世界摇滚之都(The Rock and Roll Capital of the World)，共计三个别名。
答案 B
2.The reason the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum opened in Cleveland is that________.
A.the rock was welcomed most by people in Cleveland
B.Cleveland was covered by too many forests everywhere
C.Cleveland wanted to improve its reputation and its image
D.Cleveland was called the Rock and Roll Capital of the World
解析 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Since then, Cleveland has sought to improve its image, so the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum opened in Cleveland in 1995.”可知C项正确。
答案 C
3.Which of the following about Detroit, Michigan is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Detroit, Michigan was once called Forest City.
B.Detroit, Michigan has three unique nicknames.
C.Detroit, Michigan was the birthplace of Henry Ford.
D.The first “Model T” automobile was invented in 1903.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章可知密歇根州底特律市有三个别名：汽车城(The Motor City)；摩城(Motown)及金曲乌托邦(Hitsville USA)共计三个别名。所以选项B正确。
答案 B
4.For what purpose is the text written?
A.To highlight the importance of nicknames for American cities.
B.To explain the necessity of nicknames for American cities.
C.To tell us nicknames and history of Cleveland and Detroit.
D.To warn us not to give any nickname to persons and cities.
解析 作者意图题。本文主要介绍了美国俄亥俄州克利夫兰市以及密歇根州底特律市的别名及其由来。因此选项C符合题意。
答案 C
Ⅱ. 完形填空
Travel has become a world-wide activity.Never before have so__1__people travelled to so many different parts of the world.With fast comfortable__2__， more and more people go in for travel.
People travel for many__3__.Some travel for pleasure.They go to places when they’re on__4__.Some travel on__5__because they need to meet other businessmen.Some travel to work.They queue for__6__and stand in tubes in the rush hour.They get stuck in traffic jams when they’re__7__.Some travel for education because they want to broaden their__8__.Some travel for adventure because they like excitement.
Some travel by__9__.They like getting to different places__10__and getting a bird’s eye view of the mountains and rivers.Some travel by sea.They love watching the__11__rolling up and down.Some travel by land.They enjoy__12__the scenery out of the windows.
In the__13__days, people travelled very little because travel was so__14__and so difficult.It used to take two weeks to travel from London to Edinburgh by coach(马车，旅游车).
Now you can travel many times around the world in__15__time！You can even travel to the moon and__16__in a week.When Columbus and his contemporaries lived, crossing the Atlantic seemed__17__to them.Yet distances seem__18__in this space age of ours.People can travel to__19__place far away.One day, the planets will undoubtedly be conquered by man and travelling in__20__will become a reality.
1.A.little B.many
C.cheaply D.dearly
解析 由第一段第一句可知，此处指在以前从没有到过那么多的地方旅游，故选B项。
答案 B
2.A.cars B.buses
C.coaches D.transportation
解析 随着交通工具的提速和舒适，越来越多的人喜欢旅游。transportation“交通，交通工具”。
答案 D
3.A.reasons B.places
C.happiness D.uses
解析 从下文的“有些人旅游是为了娱乐；有些人旅游是出差；有些人……”来看，此处说的是“旅游的理由”。
答案 A
4.A.sales B.time
C.holiday D.purpose
解析 从前面“有些人旅游是为了娱乐”来看，此处说的是“他们在假期中到很多地方去”。holiday“假期”。
答案 C
5.A.business B.vacation
C.bus D.train
解析 从后面的“因为他们需要与其他的商人会面”来看，此处说的是“有些人因出差而旅游”。
答案 A
6.A.buses B.planes
C.trains D.foot
解析 结合上文“他们排队”及下文“在上下班高峰期站在地下铁道处”可推测，此处说的是等车(不乘自己的车)，即选buses才合乎语境。
答案 A
7.A.walking B.driving
C.running D.riding
解析 他们开车时常遇到堵车(所以去等地铁)，这与上文的他们排队等车意义相一致。
答案 B
8.A.minds B.eyes
C.heads D.schooling
解析 有些人旅游是为了接受教育，因为他们想开阔他们的心胸。broaden one’s mind意为“使某人心胸开阔”。
答案 A
9.A.sea B.road
C.air D.car
解析 现在谈的是旅游工具问题。由后面的暗示“他们喜欢快速到达目的地，还可以鸟瞰大山和河流”可知，此处说的是乘飞机旅游。by air“乘飞机”；by sea“乘船”；by car“乘车”。
答案 C
10.A.cheaply B.slowly
C.completely D.fast
解析 从后面所提供的几种交通工具来看，乘飞机相对来说速度要快些。fast“快速地”。
答案 D
11.A.land B.waves
C.winds D.mountains
解析 现在谈论的是乘船旅游。在船上可以观看大海汹涌澎湃的波涛。
答案 B
12.A.seeing B.bringing
C.finding D.changing
解析 see the scenery“看风景”，是固定搭配。
答案 A
13.A.new B.modern
C.these D.old
解析 从后面所举的例子及所述情况，可判断本段谈论的是过去旅游情况。in the old days意为“在过去”。
答案 D
14.A.cheap B.expensive
C.fast D.slow
解析 旅游花钱多少因时因地而异，不好比较。但从本段最后一句及下一段第一句来看，此处用slow更符合当时情景，说以前旅游速度慢且很困难。
答案 D
15.A.which B.that
C.old D.what
解析 in that time意为“在那些时间里”，根据上下文这里指的是上文中“从伦敦到爱丁堡所用的时间”。
答案 B
16.A.back B.forward
C.up D.away
解析 现在说的是旅游速度很快，甚至你可以在一个星期内从地球到月球然后再返回地球。
答案 A
17.A.easy B.interesting
C.cheap D.surprising
解析 当哥伦布和他同时代的人生活时，穿越大西洋就是一个壮举，一个让他们震惊的举动。
答案 D
18.A.no question B.no problem
C.no way D.no one
解析 在现在这个太空时代，距离似乎不再是问题了。no problem意为“不再是问题，很容易办到的事”。而no way意为“没门(拒绝对方)”，不合语境。
答案 B
19.A.some B.no
C.each D.any
解析 既然上文说旅游距离不再是问题，那么人们自然可以到任何(any)遥远的地方去旅游了。
答案 D
20.A.space B.addition
C.time D.the earth
解析 由“有一天，毫无疑问人类会征服行星”可推知“在太空(space)旅游终将会成为现实”。
答案 A
Ⅲ. 语法填空
The adobe dwellings(土坯房)__1__(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even__2__most modern of architects and engineers.In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their__3__(able) to “air condition” a house without__4__(use) electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat__5__(slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house.When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough__6__(cool) the house during the hot day：__7__the same time, they warm up again for the night.This cycle__8__(go) day after day：The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures.As__9__(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly__10__thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
1.解析 过去分词作定语修饰the adobe dwellings。
答案 built
2.解析 形容词最高级most前须加the。
答案 the
3.解析 their为形容词性物主代词，后须加名词。able的名词为ability能力。
答案 ability
4.解析 without为介词，后须用use的动名词形式using。
答案 using
5.解析 该处的slowly修饰动词短语give out。
答案 slowly
6.解析 be＋adj.＋enough to do为习惯表达。
答案 to cool
7.解析 at the same time固定词组：“同时”。
答案 at
8.解析 此处考查主谓一致，主语为this cycle为第三人称单数形式。
答案 goes
9.解析 natural为“自然”是nature的形容词形式，修饰名词architects。
答案 natural
10.解析 此处由how引导宾语从句。
答案 how
Ⅳ. 短文改错
One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.Tony was scared and begun to cry.A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.Five minutes later, Tony saw parents.Mom said, “How nice to see you again！Dad and I were terrible worried.”Tony promised her that this would never happen again.
答案 One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his .It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy a shop window.He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.After at the toy for some time, he turned around and found his parents were missing.Tony was scared and to cry.A woman saw him crying and him to wait outside shop.Five minutes later, Tony saw parents.Mom said, “How nice to see you again！Dad and I were worried.”Tony promised her that this would never happen again.
Unit 1
Section Ⅲ Learning about Language and Using Language
Ⅰ. 用所给词的适当形式填空
1.The picture__________(indicate) that where there is a will, there is a way.
2.The____________(authority) were trying to disclose the truth to the press.
3.The rural__________(reform) have achieved good results, and there has been a noticeable change in the countryside.
4.With the chance__________(slip) through your fingers, it is no use crying over spilt milk.
5.My uncle________(hire) two people to help him at harvest time last autumn.
6.It was becoming__________(apparently) to me that she didn’t like me.
7.She________(shave) off the top branches of that bush.
8.The____________(conduct) won great applause after the performance.
9.Everyone should be treated with________(just).
10.I was sent to bed as a____________(punish).
答案 1.indicates 2.authorities 3.reforms 4.slipping 5.hired 6.apparent 7.shaved 8.conductor 9.justice 10.punishment
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1.When we first got to New Orleans, we bought a map on which the streets that each parade would travel along were____________(标出).
2.I had been up all night at a party so I didn’t__________(想) doing anything very much the next day.
3.In New Orleans we________________(与……合伙) other people, so we could enjoy Mardi Gras in safety.
4.You need to stay in New Orleans at least two weeks if you want to____________(涵盖) all the tourist places.
5.Stand________________(背对背) and don’t talk to each other.
6.In the snowstorm, __________________(很多) students were waiting in long lines to sign for the art test.
7.Zeng Xiaoyu has____________(申请得到) a passport to the UK.
8.________________________(很明显) he was mistaken by Jane.
9.Firstly, we should be given more opportunities to use what we’ve learned in order to____________________(更好掌握) it.
10.I prefer to walk there____________(而不) take a bus.
答案 1.marked out 2.feel like 3.teamed up with 4.take in 5.back to back 6.a good/great many 7.applied for 8.It was apparent that 9.have a better grasp of 10.rather than
Ⅲ. 单句改错
1.The customs office is that your baggage is inspected when you enter or leave a country.
2.I was about to give up when an excellent idea suddenly occurred upon me.
3.I spent all day in my car traveled around the city.
4.Build in 1873, the old temple attracts thousands of visitors every day.
5.It’s a 79km round-trip takes in all the famous tourist spots.
6.Many Chinese people applied to the right to live in America.
答案 1.that→where 2.upon→to 3.traveled→traveling 4.Build→Built 5.takes→taking或takes前加which/that 6.to→for
[限时30分钟]
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
Christmastime in the city brings forests of trees already cut and waiting to be sold.But some people like to drive to tree farms.Others wait for their trees to come to them.They order one from the pages of a catalog or on the Internet.Some say the easiest thing of all is to buy a man-made tree with Christmas lights already on it.No falling needles to have to clean up.
The National Christmas Tree Association says 33，000，000 real trees were sold last year, compared to 9，000，000 man-made ones.Man-made trees generally cost more, but they can be reused.Most natural trees are cut up and recycled, but some people buy trees that can be planted.
Most Christmas trees are now grown on farms instead of in forests.Twenty-one thousand tree farmers in the United States grow Christmas trees on more than 180，000 hectares.Oregon was the leading producer last year.
Twenty-two percent of people who bought real trees last year chose them at a farm.Two percent of those people cut the trees themselves.The next most popular places were big stores like Walmart and Home Depot.Groups like the Boy Scouts also sell Christmas trees.But some people pay nothing for theirs.They steal it.
Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, has many pretty evergreens.Some years ago, a university worker found a way to keep them there.A month before Christmas, workers treated them with “pink ugly mix”.It contains water and red food colour.The bright colour starts to disappear after about a month.It can take longer, however.Cornell decided not to use the mix this year, but the idea has spread.
1.Man-made trees are chosen for Christmas partly because________.
A.they cost less than real ones
B.they are usually sold with gifts
C.they look prettier than real ones
D.they can be used for more than once
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，可重复使用是人造圣诞树的优点之一。
答案 D
2.What can we learn from the passage?
A.Oregon produced the most Christmas trees last year.
B.Most Christmas trees come directly from the forests.
C.All real trees for Christmas are recycled by Americans.
D.Man-made Christmas trees are more popular with Americans.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Oregon was the leading producer last year.”可知，去年Oregon生产的圣诞树最多。
答案 A
3.People can get their Christmas trees from the following places EXCEPT________.
A.Oregon B.Home Depot
C.Boy Scouts D.Cornell University
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，康奈尔大学不生产也不销售圣诞树。
答案 D
4.The “pink ugly mix” method served the purpose of________.
A.preventing the evergreens from being stolen
B.making the evergreens grow strong and healthy
C.keeping the bright colour of the Christmas trees
D.increasing the sales of the evergreens during Christmas
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段最后两句及最后一段可推知，康奈尔大学的工作者使用“pink ugly mix”是为了防止常青树被盗。
答案 A
5.The passage is mainly about________.
A.the important festivals in America
B.the origin of Christmas as a holiday
C.the way Americans celebrate Christmas
D.the popularity of Christmas trees in America
解析 主旨大意题。本文通过具体数据说明了圣诞节时圣诞树在美国的销售情况，进而揭示圣诞树在美国很受欢迎。
答案 D
B
Scientists recently discovered that pictures on cave walls at Creswell Crags are the oldest known in Great Britain.But they didn’t find out in the usual way.
Archaeologists often date cave art with a process called radiocarbon dating.The technique can measure the age of carbon found in charcoal (木炭) drawings or painted pictures.Carbon is an element found in many things, including charcoal and even people.But in this case, there was no paint or charcoal to test.People carved the pictures of animals and figures into the rock using stone tools.The scientists had an “aha！” moment when they noticed small rocks stuck to the top of the drawings.The small rocks must have formed after the drawings were made.
“It is rare to be able to scientifically date rock art，” said Alistair Pike, an archaeological scientist at Britain’s University of Bristol.“We were very fortunate that some of them were covered by stalagmites (石笋).”
When a test proved that the stalagmites formed 12，800 years ago, the scientists knew the art underneath them had to be at least that old.And some of the animals shown, like the European bison, are now extinct－another tip-off that the art is quite old.
The artists came to Creswell Crags.This place is one of the farthest points north reached by our ancient ancestors during the Ice Age.At that time, much of the North Sea was dry, so people could move about more easily.
Some tools and bones found there are 13，000 to 15，000 years old.They show that the travellers hunted horses, reindeer, and arctic hare.Their artwork is similar to art in France and Germany.It tells scientists that the Creswell Crags artists must have had a close connection to the people several thousand kilometres away－another important clue to understanding how humans spread out across the world.
6.Why do scientists say the art is quite old?
A.The animals carved in the stone are strange.
B.The art was carved into stone with stone tools.
C.The cave is one of the farthest point in the world.
D.Some pictures were covered by stalagmites more than 10，000 years old.
解析 推理判断题。根据第三、四段可知，一些画表面覆盖着的石笋已有12 800年的历史，据此科学家推测出画非常古老。
答案 D
7.By studying the cave art, scientists know something about________.
A.why some of the animals have died out
B.how ancient people crossed the North Sea
C.how humans spread out across the world
D.what kind of animals people hunted at that time
解析 细节理解题。由文章最后一段中的another important clue to understanding how humans spread out across the world可知，这些画是了解人类如何散布到世界各地的线索，所以选C项。
答案 C
8.What can we learn from the passage?
A.Carbon is a rare element.
B.To date rock art in scientific methods is not very difficult.
C.Some animals shown on the cave walls at Creswell Crags have died out.
D.During the Ice Age, it was more difficult for people to travel around by land than by sea.
解析 细节理解题。由第四段第二句可知，岩石壁画里的某些动物，如欧洲野牛已经灭绝，所以C项正确。
答案 C
9.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A.Cave art in Britain.
B.Cave art found in an unusual way.
C.Cave art proved to be Britain’s oldest.
D.Cave art about animals is most beautiful.
解析 标题概括题。本文主要讲述了cave art为什么是英国最古老的壁画，所以选C项。
答案 C
Ⅱ. 语法填空
Fleming was a poor Scottish farmer.One day while he__1__(work) in a field, he heard a cry for help.He immediately__2__(throw) his tools away.Following the sound, Fleming came to a deep bog (沼泽), in which a boy was screaming and sinking.Fleming tied a rope around his own waist and the other end__3__a tree, and walked into the bog.With great effort he pulled himself and the boy to__4__(safe).He quickly took the boy to his farmhouse, __5__Mrs. Fleming fed him, dried his clothes, and sent him home.
The next day a carriage arrived.A well-dressed man stepped out, saying he was the father of the boy.“You saved my son’s life，” said the man.“__6__can I repay you？”
“I don’t want payment，” Fleming replied.“Anyone would have done the same.”
Just then, Fleming’s son appeared at the door.
“Is he your son？” the man asked.“Yes，” said Fleming__7__(happy).
“I have an__8__.Let me pay for his education.If he’s like his father, he’ll grow to be a man we’ll both be proud of.”
And so he__9__.Thus the farmer’s son attended the best schools, graduated from a medical college, and became the world-famous scientist winning the Nobel Prize and__10__(discover) of penicillin, Sir Alexander Fleming.
It’s said that many years later the man saved from the bog caught pneumonia (肺炎).Penicillin saved his life.His name is Sir Winston Churchill.
1.解析 考查时态。结合语境可知应用过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作。
答案 was working
2.解析 考查时态。结合语境可知应用一般过去时，注意throw的过去式、过去分词的不规则变化。
答案 threw
3.解析 考查固定搭配。本句考查固定短语tie...to...，表示“把……系在……上”。
答案 to
4.解析 考查词形转换。pull sb. to safety表示“把某人拖到安全处”。
答案 safety
5.解析 考查关系副词。关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句并充当从句的地点状语。
答案 where
6.解析 考查疑问副词。此处表示“我怎样才能报答你呢”。
答案 How
7.解析 考查词形转换。修饰动词应用副词。
答案 happily
8.解析 考查语境填词。此处表示“我有个想法”。
答案 idea
9.解析 考查省略。so he did表示“他确实这样做了”，表示被救男孩的父亲承担了Sir Alexander Fleming的上学费用。
答案 did
10.解析 考查词形转换。此处表示青霉素的发现者，故应用discoverer。
答案 discoverer
Ⅲ. 书面表达
假设你是李华，你生活的城市——肥城是国家级园林城市。为扩大知名度，你打算在互联网上对其进行宣传。请根据下表提供的信息用英语写一篇短文介绍自己的家乡。
概况
1.地处泰山脚下，占地约1，277平方千米，人口约100万；
2.历史悠久，矿产资源丰富；
3.环境优美，公园众多(如范蠡公园、白云山公园等)；
4.经济发展迅速，人民生活幸福，竞争力不断提高。
注意：1.词数：100个左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：国家级园林城市national garden city
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
答案 Located at the foot of Mount Tai, our city Feicheng covers an area of 1，277 square kilometers or so and about one million people are living in it.With a long history, it is rich in mineral resources.What’s more, being a national garden city, the environment of it is very beautiful.For example, there are many attractive parks in our city, such as Fanli Park and the Park of Baiyun Mountain.In the free time, especially during the holidays, a lot of citizens as well as tourists often travel there to relax and enjoy themselves.Much to our delight, with the fast development of economy, not only are people living a happy life, but its competitive power is also much stronger than before.
课件10张PPT。Unit 1 A land of diversity宽广的疆域让美国各州各具特色；在这些特色的基础上，各州有着别具一格的绰号。
The mid-Atlantic state of Maryland is called the Free State.A Baltimore newspaper first called it that during 1920s when the manufacture and sale of alcohol were banned for a time.Maryland said it wanted to be free from this prohibition.
Mississippi is the Magnolia State.It is named for a tree with big, beautiful white flowers that grows in that hot, southern state.
The midwestern state of Missouri is called The Show-Me State.The people of that frontier state were once famous for not believing everything people told them.
Nebraska is the only state to have a nickname that honours sports teams！The state university’s athletic teams are nicknamed Cornhuskers in recognition of one of the area’s chief crops.The state borrowed the Cornhusker nickname from the university.
The western desert state of Nevada is called the Silver State.It was once home to many silver mines and towns that grew up around them.Today, most of them are empty “ghost towns”．
New Jersey is between the big cities of New York, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.It got its nickname, the Garden State, because farms in New Jersey once provided vegetables for those big cities.New York was called the Empire State because of its natural wealth.The most famous Manhattan skyscraper got its name from the state.It is, of course, the Empire State Building.
If you get a chance to see a red sunset over the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of New Mexico, you will know why that southwestern state is called the Land of Enchantment.
North and South Carolina were one colony until 1729.South Carolina’s nickname is the easier of the two：It is the Palmetto (矮棕榈) State because of a fan-leafed palm tree that grows there.North Carolina is the Tar Heel State (焦油脚跟州)．That is because many of the men who worked to gather substances from trees wore no shoes.They would make turpentine (松脂) from tar and get the black, sticky tar on the heels of their feet.
1．manufacture n． 制造
2．prohibition n. 禁止；禁令
3．recognition n. 认出，识别；承认
4．skyscraper n. 摩天大楼
5．tar n. 焦油
6．sticky adj. 黏的，黏性的
◎词汇积累Why do different states of America have different nicknames?
___________________________________________
答案 Because different states of America have different characteristics, that is to say, America is a land of diversity.
◎文篇理解课件81张PPT。Section Ⅰ Warming up, Pre-reading, Reading and ComprehendingⅠ. 单词
1．_______ adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的
__________n. 差别；区分；卓著
2．________ n. 手段；方法
________v. 意味着
adj. 吝啬的
___________n. 意思；意义
［课标词汇］distinctdistinctionmeansmeanmeaning3．____________ n. 大多数；大半
____________n. (反义词)少数；少数民族
4．______________ n.
(政府的)部；(全体)牧师；牧师的职责
5．_________ n. 苦难；困苦
_________ adj. 困难的；硬的
6．_________ vt.
选择；决定做某事；选举某人
___________ n. 选举；当选；选举权
___________ adj.
有选举权的；(课程)选修的；可选择的
majorityminorityministryhardshiphardelectelectionelective7．______________ n. 百分比；百分率
____________ n. 百分比；百分数
adj. 百分之……的
adv. 以百分之……地
8．__________ n. 意大利
__________ n. 意大利人；意大利语
adj. 意大利人的；意大利语的
9．_________ n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣
vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期
percentagepercentItalyItalianboom10．________ n. 飞行器；航空器；飞机
________ n. 空气
__________ n. 飞机
11．___________ vi. (从外地)移居；移民
_____________ n. 移民；移居入境
12．_________ adj. 人种的；种族的
________ n. 种，种族；人种
vt.&vi.和……比赛；参加比赛；使比赛；
让……参加速度比赛
aircraftairairplaneimmigrateimmigrationracialrace◎构词知识
在percentage一词中，-age为后缀，用来构成名词，表示状态或结果。再如shortage， marriage， breakage(破损)， postage(邮费)， mileage(英里数)。Ⅱ. 短语
1．live _____
继续存在；以……为食；靠……生活
2．by means ____．..
用……方法；借助……
3．___ addition
另外；再者
4．Keep______
坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)onofinup5．_______ one’s independence
赢得独立
6．not long _________
……之后不久
7．______ the beginning of...
在……开端
8．a mixture ______ ．..
……的混和体
gainafteratof1. ...people arrived in what we now know as California.
[公式] what引导的名词性从句作介词in的宾语，what在从句中作know的宾语。
[仿写] 老王住在叫作山水小区的地方。
Lao Wang now lives in called Shanshui Community.
［句型结构］what is2. It is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
[公式] It is likely that...……有可能……
[仿写] “东方之星”的船员们有可能忽视了当天的天气预报。
is likely the staff of “Oriental Star” thought little of the weather forecast of the day.Itthat3. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，...
[公式] It is believed/reported that ...
[仿写] 据报道，中国GDP在2015年增长了8.7%。
is reported the GDP of China has increased by 8.7% in 2015.
ItthatⅠ. Reading Comprehension
Divide the passage into three parts and then match the main idea of each part.
Part 1(Para. 1) A．The history of settlement
in California.
Part 2(Paras. 2－9) B．The future of California.
Part 3(Para. 10) C．Brief introduction to
California.
［篇章理解］Ⅱ. Scan the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
1．What’s the topic of this text?
A．The Culture of California.
B．The History of California.
C．The Weather of California.
D．The History of the USA.
答案 B
2．Which kind of people is not mentioned in this text?
A．The Spanish.
B．Russians.
C．Native Americans.
D．Maoris.
答案 D3．Which of the following statements is WRONG about California?
A．It is the third largest state in size.
B．It has the largest population.
C．It is one of the earliest federal states of the USA.
D．It is the most multicultural state.
答案 C4．When was the film industry well started in California?
A．By the 1920s.
B．By the 1910s.
C．Since the 1980s.
D．Since the 1800s.
答案 A5．This passage is most likely to be taken from a________．
A．newspaper
B．geography book
C．novel
D．Film
答案 BⅢ. Read the passage and fill in the blanks.multicultural diversity Native ruled settling rich brought home computer immigrate Ⅳ. 课文语法填空
California is the 1.____________(three) largest state in the USA 2.________has the largest population.It is also the most multicultural state in the USA.Scientists believe that Native Americans 3.________(cross) the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America.The majority of the first Spanish settlers were religious men, 4.______ ministry was 5.__________(teach) the Catholic religion. In 6._______early 1800s, Russian hunters began settling in California.Not long after the American－Mexican war, Gold 7.________________(discover) in California, third/3rd but crossed whose to teach the was discovered 8.____________(attract) people from all over the world.The building 9.________the rail network from the west to the east brought large numbers of Chinese immigrants to California, a large percentage living in the “Chinatowns” of Los Angeles and San Francisco. Attracted by the Climate and lifestyle, people from 10.____________(difference) parts of the world still immigrate to California.attracting of different1. The customs and languages of the immigrants live_on in their new home.
这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。
live on继续存在；继续生存
［核心词汇］①He has barely enough money to live on.
他的钱仅够勉强维持生计。
②They 70 dollars a week.
他们靠每周70美元维持生活。
[归纳拓展]
live with 忍受；忍耐
live up to 符合；不辜负；履行
live through 经历过
live by doing 靠……为生
live a/an...life 过……的生活
live on③After many years’ hard work, he has found it hard to his own wish.
经过数年的努力之后，他发觉很难按自己的意愿办事。
④You have to learn to live with stress.
你得学会承受压力。
live up to[即境活用]——完成句子
①The whale does not____________small fish.
这种鲸鱼并不以小鱼为食。
②The government has taken measures to make this custom____________.
政府已经采取措施使这个风俗得以延续下去。
答案 ①live on ②live on③He managed________________two world wars.
他设法活过了两次世界大战。
④Had she____________her promise, she would have made it to Yale University.
如果他践行诺言，她就会考上耶鲁大学了。
答案 ③to live through ④lived up to
2. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by_means_of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.
科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。
be means of...用……办法；借助……
①As is known to us, the telephone is a useful means of communication.
众所周知，电话是一种有用的通讯工具。
②All possible means have been tried, but not a means has worked.
所有可能的方法都尝试过了，但是没有一种方法奏效。
③Every has been tried, but all failed.
每一个方法都试了，但是都失败了。
means[特别提示] means单复数同形，意为“方式；方法；手段”。作主语时，谓语单复数根据意义一致原则而定。
[归纳拓展]
by means of 用……办法；借助
by all means 当然可以；一定；务必
by no means (＝not at all) 绝不；一点都不
by this means 通过这种方式
by any means 无论如何
④We can express our feelings words.
我们用语言表达感情。
⑤—Do you mind if I have a look?
“我看一眼行吗？”
—By all means.
“当然可以。”
by means of[即境活用]——完成句子
①Furthermore, punishment is____________a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.
此外，惩罚绝不是一个帮助他们在精神上和身体上健康成长的明智选择。
②________________he turned our attention to what was good in the life.
他用这种方法使我们懂得生活中什么是美好的。
答案 ①by no means ②By this means单句改错
③They tried all means, but unfortunately not a means have worked so far.
答案 ③have→has
3. In_addition,_many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans.
此外，欧洲人带来了疾病，使许多人染病而死。
in addition另外
①You need time and money.In addition, you need great patience.
你需要时间与金钱。此外，你还得具备极大的耐心。
②The man made him work sixteen hours a day and beat him .
那人让他一天工作16个小时，而且还打他。
in addition[易混辨析]
③In addition, the land owner may charge an extra fee.
此外，地主可能还要额外收费。
④ swimming, she likes tennis.
除游泳外，她还喜欢打网球。
In addition to[归纳拓展]
additional adj. 附加的；外加的
apart from 除……之外；此外
except for 除……之外；要不是由于……
⑤Apart from his nose, he’s quite good-looking.
他除了鼻子以外，哪都好看。
⑥I can answer all the questions except for the last.
所有题我都会回答，最后一题除外。
[即境活用]——完成句子
①James is a successful businessman._____________ (另外), he is a professional football player.
②Everything was perfect for the picnic __________ (除……之外) the weather.
答案 ①In addition ②expect for
单句改错
③In addition to play basketball, Jimmy takes an interest in painting.
④During the rush hour, the company provides addition buses.
答案 ③play→playing ④addition→additional
4. Of the_first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.
在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住民传授天主教。
(1)“the＋序数词”，the last, the only等之后通常用不定式作定语。
①He is the first to come and the last to leave.
他是第一个来，最后一个走。
②The captain was leave the sinking ship.
船长是最后一个离开那艘下沉的船的。
the last to(2)majority n．大部分；大多数
③The majority of doctors believe smoking is harmful to health.
大多数医生认为吸烟有害健康。
④The was for the plan.
多数人赞成这个计划。
majority[特别提示] (1)the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。
(2)“the majority of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
(3)“the majority of＋可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
⑤The majority was/were on the England’s team, but it greatly disappointed them.
大多数人都站在英格兰球队的一边，但是结果却十分令人失望。
[归纳拓展]
by/with a majority 以大多数……赢得……
in the/a majority 占大部分/大多数
have a majority over sb. 获得多于某人的
minority n. [C]少数(与majority互为 反义词)；少数民族
major adj. 较多的；主要的
vi. 主修
n. 主修课程
major in 主修……
[即境活用]——翻译句子
①你大学要学什么专业？
___________________________________________
②大多数医生赞同吸烟与肺癌有密切关系。
___________________________________________
答案 ①What do you intend to major in at university?
②The majority of doctors agree that smoking is closely connected to lung cancer.
③这条法案(bill)以微弱优势(16∶15)获得通过。
____________________________________________
单句改错
④One-third of the country is covered with trees and the majority of the citizens is black people.
答案 ③The bill has been passed by a small majority (16：15)．
④第二个is→are
5. Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make_a_life for themselves despite great hardship.
有些人死了或回家了，但是尽管条件十分艰苦，多数人仍然留在了加利福尼亚劳作谋生。(1)make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生
①They made a new life after they arrived there.
到达那儿之后，他们开始了新的生活。
②Now it is all about how to stay here and make a life for themselves.
现在的问题就是他们如何留在这儿，并为自己开创新的生活。[归纳拓展]
lead/live a．..life 过着……的生活
lose one’s life 失去生命
in life 一生中，终身
come to life 苏醒
bring sb./sth.(back) to life 给某人/事物活力；使复活
make a/one’s living 谋生
③The old couple by selling vegetables.
这对老夫妇靠卖菜维持生活。
④The new teacher really brought French to life.
新来的老师把法语教得生动活泼。
(2)despite prep.尽管；虽然(＝in spite of)
⑤Despite all our efforts to save the school, the authorities decided to close it.
尽管我们竭力想保住这所学校，当局还是决定把它关闭。
made a living注意 despite是介词，不能用来引导句子。若其后要跟that从句，需插入the fact。
⑥Despite the fact that he was busy, he came to the station to meet us.
尽管他很忙，他还是来车站与我们见面。
[即境活用]——完成句子
①The two brothers went to the West and determined to____________(开始新生活) for themselves.
②He has had his ups and downs___________(一生中)．
③Hundreds of travellers________________(失去生命) in the June 1st Sinking Accident.
答案 ①make a life ②in life ③lost their lives④The match finally________________(精彩起来) in the second half.
⑤____________________(尽管下着大雨), the postman went on with his work.
答案 ④came to life ⑤Despite the heavy rain
6. By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.
到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候，它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。
elect vt.选择；决定(做某事)；选举某人
①They all elected him president of the department.
他们一致推选他为部门主任。
②He an engineer.
他决定当工程师。
③We elected him chairman.
我们选他当主席。
elected to become[归纳拓展]
elect to do... 选择或决定……
elect sb. (to be/as)... 选举某人为……(后跟职务不加冠词)
elect sth. (as)... 选择……作为职业
election n. 选举
④The painter painting ( ) a career when he was in his thirties.
这位画家在30多岁时选择以绘画为生。
electedas[即境活用]——完成句子
①Alice____________________(选择了艺术课) because she was interested in art.
②In America, presidential________(选举) are held every four years.
单句改错
③Mr. Smith was elected the mayor of London in 2010 for a second time.
答案 ①elected an art course ②elections ③把the去掉
7. In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps_up their Danish culture.
1911年，来自丹麦的移民建立了一个自己的城镇，如今这个城镇仍保持着丹麦文化。
keep up保持；维持；继续；沿袭(风俗、传统等)
①You’re all doing a splendid job；keep up the good work!
你们干得都很出色，要坚持下去！
②She felt that she could not keep up the pretence any longer.
她觉得这种假象再也维持不下去了。
[归纳拓展]
keep to 坚持；不跑题；遵循；遵守
keep up with 跟上；赶上；与……同步
keep on doing sth. 继续做某事
keep off 让开；不接近
keep away (from...) 避免接近；远离；勿靠近
keep back 阻止；阻挡；抑制感情等的流露
keep out 不让……进入
③We can often see the notice “ the grass” in the park.
在公园里我们随处可见“请勿践踏”的告示。
④I hope I’m not keeping you from your work.
希望我没有妨碍你工作。
Keep off[即境活用]——用keep的相关短语填空
①I hope the fine weather will____________.
②She likes to________________the latest fashions.
③________________the dirty table.
④They closed the door and windows to___________ the cold air.
⑤Only if you make all efforts can you____________ the best.
答案 ①keep up ②keep up with ③Keep away from ④keep out ⑤keep up with
1. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world.
加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。
having attracted people from all over the world是现在分词的完成式作state的定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句which has attracted people from all over the world。
［重点句型］[归纳拓展]
(1)现在分词的完成式主要作时间和原因状语，表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作。
①Having finished her work， she went home.
她干完工作就回家了。(表示时间)
②Having failed twice， he didn’t want to try again.
他已经失败了两次，不想再试了。(表示原因)
(2)现在分词的完成式与一般式的区别：现在分词的一般式所表示的动作虽然可以先于谓语动作，但两者之间没有时间间隔；而现在分词的完成式所表示的先于谓语的动作则与谓语动作有一定的时间间隔。
①Locking the door， he went out.
锁好门之后，他就出去了。
②Having invited him here to speak， we’d better go to his lecture.
既然我们请了他来这儿作报告，我们最好去听一下。
(3)现在分词的完成式一般不作定语，若要表达完成意义最好用定语从句。
The girl who has won the race is my deskmate.
赢得比赛的那个女孩是我的同桌。
(4)非限制性的现在分词的完成式可以作后置定语。
Charlie， having lived in Paris for years， decided to return to London.
在巴黎呆过多年，查理决定重返伦敦。
[即境活用]——语法填空
①The old man, ________________(work) abroad for 20 years, is on the way back to his motherland.
②________________(eat) at the cafeteria before, Tina didn’t want to eat there again.
答案 ①having worked ②Having eaten
2. Exactly when the first people arrived in what_we_now_know as California, no one really knows.
最早一批人具体何时来到我们现在称之为加州的地方，谁也说不清楚。
(1)本句采用了宾语从句提前的形式。正常的语序应该是：No one really knows exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California.what在句子中引导了一个宾语从句，作介词in的宾语。
(2)what引导名词性从句，相当于“先行词＋关系代词”，所以其前不能有先行词。
①Where I disagree with you lies in what you have said disagrees with what you have done.
我不同意你的地方在于你言行不一。
②We should think of what use can be made of such material.
我们应该考虑怎么用这种材料。
[即境活用]——语法填空
①It is difficult for us to imagine________life was like for slaves in the ancient world.
②I think________impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.
答案 ①what ②what
单句改错
③Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That’s what I was born.”
④Police have found that appears to be the lost ancient statue.
答案 ③what→where ④that→what
3. However, it_is_likely_that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
然而，很可能至少在15 000年前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。
其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。
It is likely that...意为“……是可能的”，此句型可转化为：Sb. /Sth. be likely to do...
①It is likely that the sports meet will be put off till next week.
＝The sports meet be put off till next week.
运动会有可能推迟到下周举行。
②He is very likely to come here today.
他今天很可能来这儿。
[特别提示] 如表示“不可能……”，可用“It is unlikely/not likely that...”这一句型。
is likely to[即境活用]——一句多译
可能要有一场暴风雨。
①________________________________________
②________________________________________
单句改错
③Tom is possible to come late.
答案 ①It is likely that a storm is coming.
②A storm is likely to come.
③possible→likely
4. It_is_believed_that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.
人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种明显的主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。
It is believed that...意为“人们认为/相信……” ，本句属于“It＋be＋过去分词＋that...”结构，句中that引导主语从句，主语从句中又套有一个so...that...结果状语从句。It为形式主语，that引导从句为真正的主语，that仅起连接作用，不作成分。
①It is believed that the computer can do almost everything.
人们认为计算机几乎可以做任何事情。
[归纳拓展]
It is/was said/reported/announced/hoped/well-known /estimated that...据说/据报道/据宣布/人们希望/众所周知/据估计……
该句型可转化为：Sb. /Sth. be＋believed/said/ reported/thought/...＋不定式的各种结构
② there will be a heavy snow tomorrow.
据报道，明天将有一场大雪。
③It is hoped that the cost of medical care can be cut down.
人们希望医疗费能够降低。
④It is believed that working hard can lead to success.
＝Working hard is believed to lead to success.
人们相信勤奋工作就能成功。
It is reported that⑤It is reported that the way people spend their holidays has changed a great deal in the past ten years.
＝The way people spend their holidays __________ ________________a great deal in the past ten years.
据报道，在过去10年里人们度假的方式已改变了许多。
to have changedis reported[即境活用]——完成句子
①________________(据说) they have won a free trip to Hawaii.
②____________________(人们建议) a supermarket should be built in this area.
③Mr. Wang____________________(据说曾学过) French when he was young.
答案 ①It is said that ②It is suggested that ③is said to have learnt单句改错
④Often that is suggested that it is good to have a walk after meals.
⑤Jack is said to play basketball on the playground.Would you like to go there?
答案 ④第一个that改为it ⑤play改为be playing
［难句分析］在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住民传授天主教。［综合训练·能力提升］本讲结束
请按ESC键返回课件41张PPT。Section Ⅱ Grammar主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句◎语法图解①What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.
②The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.◎探究发现③What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down，water began to appear on its surface.
④It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.
⑤Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.
⑥He sold out all his stamps at what he thought was a reasonable price.⑦—What has made John look like lacking sleep?
—That he had to stay up preparing for the coming exam.
⑧Your ability has never been in doubt－the question is how you can do it without any tools and in such bad weather.
[自我发现]
(1)例句①中what作从句的表语；例句③⑥中what作从句的主语。名词从句分别在①③中作主语，⑥中作介词at的宾语。
(2)例句②中whether在从句中不作成分，引导主语从句。
(3)例句④⑦中that在从句不作成分，也没有实际意义；所引导的两个从句在句中都作主语。
(4)例句⑤⑧中why和how在从句中作状语；⑤原因；⑧方式；⑤句中why引导的名词性从句作主语；⑧句中how引导的名词性从句作表语。
在复合句中起名词作用的句子叫作名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种。本单元复习主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。
引导名词性从句的有连词、连接代词和连接副词。
◎要点精析概 述一、主语从句
在复合句中作主语的从句叫作主语从句。主语从句一般位于句首，有时用形式主语it代替，真正的主语被后置。
1.that引导主语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，仅起连接作用，但不能省略。
?That she could come to help us made us very happy.
她能来帮助我们使我们很高兴。
2.whether/if引导主语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，起连接作用，但有自己的意义，也不可省略。
?Whether she will come or not is still a mystery.
她是否会来仍是个谜。
?It is still unknown if/whether the plan will be carried out.
这个计划是否会实施还不知道。
[提示] ①whether引导的主语从句置于句首时，不可用if来替换。
②if引导主语从句时，要用it作形式主语，将if引导的主语从句后置，此时whether与if可互换。
3.连接词who, whose, whom, what, which, whichever, whoever, whomever, whatever, when, where, how, why等引导主语从句。
?Who will take his place is not important.
谁将代替他并不重要。
?How the prisoner escaped remains a mystery.
囚犯是怎样逃脱的仍是个谜。
?What role he will play in the film hasn’t been known.
在这部电影中他将扮演什么角色还不知道。
?Why John was late for the class has been unexplained.
约翰为什么上课迟到了还没有说明。
[提示] ①在名词性从句中，连接词的选择关键要看它们所作的成分，若在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语则选择连接代词，若在句中作状语则选择连接副词。
②whoever，whatever，whichever等既可以引导名词性从句又可以引导让步状语从句，而no matter＋wh-只能引导让步状语从句。
?Whoever comes first will get a present.
第一个来的人将得到一份礼物。
?Whatever I do can just not satisfy my boss.
我做的任何事情都不能让老板满意。
?Whenever he comes home never makes his wife annoyed.
不论他何时到家，都没有使妻子生气。
?Whenever you come (＝No matter when you come), you are welcome.
你无论何时来，都受欢迎。
[易混辨析]
4.主语从句与形式主语it
常用句型：
①It＋be＋形容词(obvious, natural, surprising, wonderful, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)＋that从句
②It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)＋that从句
③It＋be＋过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)＋that从句④It＋不及物动词及短语(seems, happens, occurs, etc.)＋that从句
⑤It＋及物动词＋宾语＋that从句
?It is obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave.
很明显，咖啡店的老板在等李方离开。
?It seems that it is going to rain.
看起来好像要下雨。
[提示] 从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式。但是what和who引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语的数应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。
?What they brought was water.
他们带来的是水。
?What they brought were books.
他们带来的是书。
二、宾语从句
在复合句中作宾语的从句叫作宾语从句，可分为动词的宾语从句和介词的宾语从句。
1.连接词that引导的宾语从句
that引导宾语从句时，在句中不担当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。
?We all agreed (that) it would be a mistake not to take his advice.
我们都认为不听他的建议将是个错误。
?We all feel it a pity that so many travellers have died in the Oriental Star Sinking Accident.
东方之星沉船事件中死亡这么多人，我们都倍感惋惜。
?I can’t agree with what you said.
我不同意你所说的。
?This depends on how hard you work.
这取决于你工作有多努力。
[提示] ①从句是并列句时，只能省掉第一个分句前的that，其他皆不可省。
②在insist，demand，order，suggest，propose，advise，recommend，desire等表示要求、命令、建议、坚持等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“(should＋)动词原形”。
?The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.
司令员命令部队马上出发。
2.动词＋it＋形容词或惯用搭配＋that从句
宾语从句在接复合宾语的动词如think，make，consider等之后，可以用it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语为that从句。
?We think it important that every citizen should have good manners.
我们认为每个市民都有礼貌是很重要的。
3.连接词who, whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等引导的宾语从句
?She always thinks of how she can do a better job.
她总是在想怎样能把工作做得更好。
4.动词doubt＋宾语从句
doubt用于肯定句时用whether引导从句，若用于否定句或疑问句时用that引导。
?I don’t doubt that he is sure to win the game.
我确信他一定会赢得比赛。
?He doubts whether/if it is going to rain.
他疑惑天是否要下雨。
5.宾语从句中的否定转移
动词believe, expect, suppose, imagine, think等引导的否定性宾语从句中，要把主句中的动词变为否定式，即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。
?I don’t think we need to waste much time on it.
我想我们不必在这上面花太多时间。
三、表语从句
在复合句中作表语的从句叫作表语从句。除if外，可以引导名词性从句的词大都可引导表语从句。另外，连词because, as if等也可引导表语从句。
1.从属连词whether, as, as if/though引导的表语从句
?It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.
听起来好像有人在敲门。
2.because, why引导的表语从句
?That’s because he was ill.
那是因为他生病了。(That’s because...强调原因)
?That’s why he asked for a two-day leave.
那正是他请两天假的原因。(That’s why...强调结果)
[提示] The reason why...is that...意为“……的理由是……”，是固定句型。此时why引导定语从句。
?The reason why I was sad was that he didn’t understand me.
我难过的原因是他不理解我。
3.连接词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever, where, when, how等引导的表语从句
?The problem is who we can get to replace her.
问题是我们能找到谁去代替她。
?The question is how he did it.
问题是他是如何做此事的。
4.连接词that在从句中只起到连接作用，不作任何成分。
?The trouble is that I have lost his address.
麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。5.使用虚拟语气的表语从句
在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词需用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。常见的这类名词有advice，suggestion，order，proposal等。
?His suggestion is that we (should) make full use of our spare time.
他的建议是我们应该充分利用业余时间。
[提示] whether与if作“是否”讲时，在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：
①引导主语从句并在句首时；
②引导表语从句时；
③引导从句作介词宾语时；
④后接动词不定式或or not时。
四、名词性从句的注意考点
1.名词性从句的语序
名词性从句中除了引导词位于从句句首外，其他部分应保持陈述语序，不能受when, where, why, how等构成特殊疑问句的用法影响而使用倒装语序。
?You have no idea how worried I was!
你不知道我有多担心！
?Where I will spend my holiday is none of your business.
我要去哪里度假不关你的事。
2.宾语从句的时态
若主句是一般现在时，宾语从句可根据实际情况使用任何适当的时态；若主句是一般过去时，宾语从句要用某一适当的过去时态。
?I wonder if he will meet me at the airport.
我不知道他会不会到机场来接我。
?He explained that they were having a meeting at that time.
他解释说那时他们正在开会。
[注意] 若主句是一般过去时，而宾语从句表达的是客观真理、事实、规律时，宾语从句的时态仍用一般现在时。
?She said that her father is twenty-eight years older than her.
她说她父亲比她大28岁。
3.引导词that的省略
that引导宾语从句时通常可以省略，引导其他名词性从句时一般不省略。下列情况中引导宾语从句的that一般也不省略：
(1)that从句被短语、词组等与谓语分隔开来时。
?They told us once again that this would never happen.
他们再次告诉我们这种事情绝不会发生。
(2)复合句中含有多个由that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略。
?He said (that) he had finished reading this novel and that he would borrow another one.
他说他已经读完了这本小说，想再借一本。
(3) that引导的名词性从句与另一名词性从句作并列宾语时。
?Everyone could see what was happening and that Tom was really shocked.
每个人都明白所发生的事情，也都知道汤姆很震惊。
4.只用whether不用if的情况
本讲结束
请按ESC键返回［综合训练·能力提升］课件77张PPT。Section Ⅲ Learning about Language and Using LanguageⅠ. 单词
1．________ n． 横渡；十字路口
______ v. 横渡，穿越
2．_________ n. 申请人
_______ v. 应用，申请
________ adj. 应用的，适应的
___________ n. 求职
［课标词汇］crossingcrossapplicantapplyappliedapplication3．___________ n. 社会主义者
adj. 社会主义的
______________ n. 社会主义
___________ adj. 社会的，交际的
__________ n. 社会，社团
4．_______ vi. 发生，出现
____________ (过去式)
___________ (过去分词)
____________ n. 发生，事件
5．_________ n. 行李
_____________ (同义词)〈美〉行李
socialistsocialismsocialsocietyoccuroccurredoccurredoccurrenceluggagebaggage6．_________ n. 正义；公平
________ adj. 正义的；公正的；合理的
7．________ v. 改革；革新
n. 改革；改造；改良
__________ n. 改革家
8．_______ vi. 滑动，滑行；滑跤
n. 滑动，滑倒
_________________ (过去式，过去分词)
justicejustreformreformistslipslipped，slipped9．__________ v. 暗示
__________ n. 暗示
10．__________ adj. 明显的，清晰的
____________ adv. 明显地
11．_________ v. 指导，指挥
______________ n. 指导，指挥；售票员
12．__________ v. 惩罚
_____________ n. 惩罚
indicateindicationapparentapparentlyconductconductorpunishpunishment◎构词知识
在occurrence一词中，-(r)ence为后缀，用来构成名词。再如dependence， confidence， difference， reference， preference等。
Ⅱ. 短语
1．back ____ back 背靠背
2．_______ top of the hill 从山顶上
3．slip __________ 滑下去
4．team up ________ 与……合作或一起工作
5．________ a car 租用一辆小汽车
6．mark _______ 画线；标出……界线
7．take ______ 包括；吸收；理解；欺骗
8．a ___________ many 许多；很多
9．apply _______ 申请；请示得到
10．_________ the system 改革体制
tofromdownwithhireoutingood/greatforreformIt didn’t occur to me that...
[公式] It代替that引导的名词性从句作主语。
[仿写] 我根本没想到你会给我打电话。
never occurred to me that you would phone me.
［句型结构］ItⅠ. Read the passage and choose the best answer.
1．George’s diary is mainly about________．
A．the view of San Francisco Bay
B．the great drive marked out for tourists
C．the prison on Alcatraz Island
D．his tour in San Francisco
答案 D
［篇章理解］2．Why didn’t George feel like doing anything else?
A．Because he ate lunch late.
B．Because he spent too much time on a cable car.
C．Because he traveled to many places in Fisherman’s Wharf.
D．Because he saw a terrible accident.
答案 C
3．You can visit some places in Chinatown except the_________________________.
A．temples
B．Golden Gate Bridge
C．restaurants
D．galleries and museums
答案 B
4．It’s also the place to catch the ferry to Alcatraz Island and other places in the Bay.Here “ferry” can be replaced by“________”．
A．ship B．train
C．plane D．Coach
答案 A
Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks below according to the text.
GEORGE’S DIARY 12－14 JUNE
Bus San Francisco Bay Fisherman’s Wharf Exhausted 79 km round-trip Chinatown museum Ferry Angel Island the Golden Gate Bridge 1. Yes.It didn’t occur to me that...
是的。我没想到……
occur vi.发生；出现
［词汇句型］◎重点词汇①That plane crash occurred only minutes after take-off.
空难在起飞几分钟后就发生了。
②Such plants have never occurred in this area.
这种植物从未在这个地区出现过。
occur to...(某人)想到
句中应用了固定结构“It occurs to sb. ...”，指“某人突然想起……”，后面可接that从句，也可接不定式。
③It occurred to me that I had met him before.
我突然想起以前我见过他。
④It never occurred to me to phone you.
我根本没想到要给你打电话。
[归纳拓展]
有关“某人想到……”的词汇
It hit sb. that/sth. hit sb. 使突然想起
call/ bring sth. to mind 想起，记起
hit on/upon sth. 突然想起某事
It struck sb. that/sth. struck sb. 使某人突然想起
⑤An awful thought has just struck me.
刚才我脑子里突然闪过一个可怕的念头。
⑥She couldn’t call to mind where she had seen him before.
她想不起来曾在哪里见过他。
⑦I couldn’t remember where I’d seen him before, and then it suddenly hit me.
起初我想不起以前在哪里见过他，后来猛然记起来了。
[即境活用]——完成句子
①Earthquakes________________in this area.
这一地区经常发生地震。
②___________________he might be in trouble.
我怎么也没有想到他会遇上麻烦。
③A brilliant idea________________me.
我想到一个极好的主意。
答案 ①occur frequently ②It never occurred to me that ③occurred to/hit
2. Try to use the expressions above to indicate that you are listening carefully to your partner.
尽量用上面的词语来表明你是在仔细听你的搭档讲话。
indicate vt.显示；表明；象征;暗示；指示；指出
①A sign indicated the right road for us to follow.
标牌给我们指出了应走的路。
②He with a nod of his head.
他点头表示愿意。
indicated his willingness[归纳拓展]
indicate sth. to sb. 向某人指出某物
indicate that... 示意；表明
as...indicate 正如……所示
indication n. 指示；象征；预示
③Just as the story indicates, where there is life, there is hope.
正如这个故事所暗示，留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
④He the interview was over.
他表示会见已经结束。
indicated that[即境活用]——完成句子
①Such differences________________(表明) we’re moving from one level of understanding to another.
②The weather condition then__________that ________________ for Oriental Star to make a voyage.
当时的天气状况显示东方之星不宜出行。
答案 ①indicate that ②indicated；it was not suitable
③There are clear__________that the economy is improving.
有明显的迹象显示经济已开始好转。
答案 ③indications
3. Apparently he’d been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in which a tram’s brakes failed, the conductor could not control the situation and the tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it.
显然，当他看到在一场可怕的事故中，轨道车的刹车失灵，车手控制不了形势，轨道车拖着马匹滑下山坡时，大为震惊。
apparently adv.显然地；显而易见地
①Her anxiety was apparent to everyone.
大家都看得出她的焦虑不安。
② she was trying to save her money.
很明显，她在尽量省钱。
[归纳拓展]
It is quite apparent that… 显而易见……
It is apparent from sth. that... 从……可看出……；……是显而易见的
It is apparent to sb. that... 某人明白……
Apparently③It soon became apparent to everyone that he couldn’t sing.
很快大家都明白他不会唱歌。
[即境活用]——一句多译
显然他陷入了沉思。
①______________________________(apparently)
②________________________________(apparent)
答案 ①Apparently, he was lost in thought.
②It was apparent that he was lost in thought.
完成句子
③It was________________(从……可看出) her face that she was really upset.
答案 ③apparent from
4. Teamed_up_with a couple from my hotel (Peter and Terri) and hired a car.
同旅馆里的一对夫妻(彼得和泰莉)合作，一起租了一辆小汽车。
(1)team up with与……合作或一起工作
①I him to do the work.
我和他合作做这项工作。
②It’s hard to these colours .
把这些颜色配起来是困难的。
teamed up withteamup[归纳拓展]
team up (to do sth.) 合作(做某事)
team spirit 合作精神；团队精神
teamwork n. 协同工作；配合
③They teamed up for a charity performance.
他们组织起来举行了一场义演。
④In a football match, is even more important than individual skill.
在足球比赛中，全队的配合甚至比个人技术更加重要。
teamwork(2)hire vt.&n.租用；雇用
⑤Foreigners visiting the city can hire the service of guide.
游览该城市的外国游客可以雇用导游。
⑥I’m a new employee.I was yesterday.
我是个新雇员，我是昨天才受雇的。
hired[归纳拓展]
hire out 租出去
hire oneself out 受雇
on hire 出租
for hire 出租
⑦He his donkey cart to the tourists.
他把自己的驴车租给旅游者。
hired out[易混辨析]
[即境活用]——完成句子
①We decided to________________Class Two to go camping.
我们决定和二班合伙一块去野营。
②He________________to whoever needed his services.
他以前从事临时服务业。
答案 ①team up with ②hired himself out③Susan____________________a secretary.
苏珊被聘为秘书。
④There are many boats in the lake____________.
湖边有很多出租船只。
答案 ③has been employed as ④for hire
5. There’s a fascinating drive marked_out for tourists.
有一种专为旅游者选定的驾车游活动。
mark out画线；标出……界限
①You’d better each small area to see clearly.
你最好能标出各个小区，以便能看得清楚些。
②His qualities mark him out as a born leader.
他的品质表明他天生适合当领导。
mark out[归纳拓展]
mark up 提高……的价格；提高……的分数
mark down 记下；降低……的价格；降低……的分数
mark as 把……定为
mark on 标上
③ in your notebook.
把它记在你的笔记簿里。
④Some shops marked up the goods unfairly.
有几家商店的货价提高得不公道。
Mark it down[即境活用]——用mark短语的适当形式填空
①The teacher immediately________________the students’ suggestions in his notebook.
②The sports field has been________________for the track and field meet.
③The price of goods is often________________.
答案 ①marked down ②marked out ③marked up
6. It’s a 79km round-trip that takes_in all the famous tourist spots.
这是一次往返79公里的旅行，它涵盖了所有著名的旅游景点。
take in收留；包括；理解；欺骗
①This price takes in the cost of all the accommodation and food.
这个价格包括了一切食宿的费用。
②I hope you can take in what I said.
我希望你能理解我说的话。
③He was homeless, so we .
他无家可归，我们便收留了他。
④He is no fool.Nobody can take him in.
他不是傻瓜，没有人能欺骗他。
take him in[归纳拓展]
take apart 拆卸；拆开
take away 拿走；使离开；消除(病痛等)
take down 记下来；拆掉
take...for (错)当作；(误)以为
take off 起飞；匆匆离去；脱下
take on 呈现；雇用
take over 接收；接管；取代
take up 占去；占据；开始；从事
⑤The land around the lake a different look.
湖周围土地的面貌发生了变化。
took on[即境活用]——用take短语的适当形式填空
①She______________his work after his departure.
②When did Joan first______________music?
③These books are for reading in the library，and may not be________________.
答案 ①took over ②take up ③taken away
④The little boy likes________________things to see what there is in them.
⑤In summer, people like to wear light-colored clothes to____________less heat.
⑥He is always____________our headmaster；they look so alike.
答案 ④taking apart ⑤take in ⑥taken for
7. From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese people applied_for right to live in the USA.
从1882年到1940，天使岛就成为著名的移民居住区，在那里，许多中国人申请在美国的居住权。
apply for申请；请示得到
①To whom should I apply for a license?
我应该向谁申请执照呢？
[归纳拓展]
apply v．申请；适用
apply oneself to 致力于；集中精力做……
apply to 适用于；涂抹
applicant n. 申请人
application n. 应用；申请；申请表
②She applied herself to her new duties with great enthusiasm.
她满腔热情地投入她的新任务中。
③ some medicine his wound.
给他的伤口上点药吧。
Applyto[即境活用]——完成句子
①This rule____________________the children.
这条规则对儿童不适用。
②Can I___________the bank_______a credit card?
我可以向银行申请一张信用卡吗？
③The same method can________________other situations.
相同的方法也适用于其他情况。
答案 ①doesn’t apply to ②apply to；for ③be applied to
8. The cells in the station were very small, cold and damp；some did not even have light but the immigrants had nowhere else to go.
移民站的房间又小又冷又潮湿，一些房间甚至没有光，但是移民们没有其他去处。
nowhere adv.无处；哪儿都没有
①The poor old man has nowhere to live.
这个可怜的老人无处可住。
②I went nowhere this afternoon.
今天下午我哪儿也没去。
③Nowhere could she find the children.
她哪里也找不到孩子们。
[归纳拓展]
get nowhere 无进展；不能成功
nowhere else 别处没有
from nowhere 不知来自哪里
nowhere near... (口语)远不及……；远没有……
nowhere to be found/seen 不可能找到
④We will get nowhere if we rely on luck.
如果我们只依靠运气，那将一事无成。
⑤A tiger appeared from nowhere.
不知从哪里蹿出一只老虎。
⑥Our budget is nowhere near enough.
我们的预算远远不够。
[即境活用]——完成句子
①This animal is found in Australia, and ________________(别处没有)．
②—Where are you going this weekend?
—__________(没什么地方) special.
③________________(你无法) find a more suitable flat for children to go to school.(nowhere开头)
答案 ①nowhere else ②Nowhere ③Nowhere can you④We discussed it all morning but_______________ (一无所获)．
⑤The children________________________(看不到在哪儿)．
⑥Our teacher________________________(根本不满意) with my progress.
答案 ④got nowhere ⑤are nowhere to be found/seen ⑥is nowhere near satisfied
◎重点句型It didn’t occur to me that...
我没想到……。
it作形式主语，代替名词性从句。
①It seems that he has been abroad before.
好像他以前出过国。
②It is a fact that smoking is a danger to health.
吸烟危害健康，这是个事实。
③It is said that he has read the novel.
据说他读过这本小说。
④It is certain that she will do well in the exam.
她在考试中会做得很好，这是确定无疑的。[归纳拓展]
[即境活用]——句型转换
①A.I happened/to be there witnessing the accident.
B．____________________I was there, witnessing the accident.
②A.Obviously, you have made a mistake.
B．____________________you have made a mistake.
答案 ①It happened that ②It’s obvious that
③A.It made the boss angry that he came late again.
B．He came late again, ________made the boss angry.
④A.In fact, everyone has his own secret.
B．____________________everyone has his own secret.
答案 ③which ④It is a fact that
◎难句分析当他到达北极时，除了标示地域的牌子，他没有发现什么令人兴奋的事情，但是在那儿他的确遇到了一些科学家，那些科学家在研究冰的融化以及在雪山和雪原中谋生。1．概念：描写或介绍某一地方的文章是说明文常见的形式之一，也是近几年高考书面表达命题的主要形式之一。
［写作指导］介绍某一地点的说明文◎策略指导2．内容安排：对一个地点的描述首先对其进行总体简介，然后对其从以下几个方面展开描述。所处的位置，占据的面积，周边环境，交通状况，人口，历史，含有何种名胜古迹，及本地所独具的特色。最后，针对以上描述，结合写作要求进行结尾。
3．语言特征：地点介绍的文章容易写得呆板单调，让人读起来感到乏味，可适当地运用描写，增加文章的文采，使所写内容打动读者，达到最佳的表达效果。
1．描写某地的景色或景观时，一般要遵循的原则是：从总体到局部，从外到内。
2．这类文章一般包括三段：开头是总体介绍，引出主题；中间是正文，具体介绍此地的特色，如著名的建筑、风景名胜等；第三部分是结尾。
◎常用模板3．描写某地的短文属说明文体，要弄清时间的立足点是“过去”、“现在”，还是“将来”。
4．表达方式要有所变化，景物描写用词容易重复、单调，因此写作时应选用不同的句式和表达方式来描述事物，使表达方式多样化。
描写地方时的常用词语及句型：
1．位置
It stands at...；It is/lies in/to/on the north/west/ south/east of...；On the right is...；It is located in/at...
2．面积、人口
The area of this city is...times bigger than that of...
It covers an area of...with a population of...；The population of...is big/small.
3．变化
...has/have taken on an entirely new look；Great changes have taken place since...；...is not what it used to be...years ago.
4．交通
It is convenient for you to go to...；From here you can travel to anywhere by sea/land/air.
5．气候
Its weather is pleasant with...；
The average temperature of...is...
6．景点
The beauty of...is more than words can describe；You will be struck/fascinated by...；What impresses me most is...
根据下面提示写一篇100个词左右的说明文，向Mr. Smith介绍适合他租用的一处房子。(1)位于市中心商业区，交通便利，环境优美；(2)面积80平方米，宽敞明亮；(3)房间天然气、暖气、家具、空调等必备设施齐全；(4)房租价格合理，每月仅1，000元。其房子位置和户型如图所示：
◎典例示范[审题谋篇]
[关键词语]
坐落在……lie in/be located in...
五楼 the fifth floor
方便 convenient
含有 contain
装备 be equipped with
[连词成句]
一般表达
①The house is on the fifth floor of a six-storey building.
房子在六层建筑的五楼。
②It is located in the crossroads made by the Garden Avenue and the Peace Avenue.(locate)
它位于花园路和和平路的交叉路口。
③They are two busiest streets in our city.
它们是我们市最繁忙的两条街道。
④The rent is no more than/only 1,000 yuan per month.
每月租金仅为1，000元。
⑤It is a real bargain.
它真的很便宜(bargain)。
高级表达
⑥把③改为名词短语放于②中作同位语。
It is located in the crossroads made by the Garden Avenue and the Peace Avenue, two busiest streets in our city.⑦把⑥改为which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰①中的building。
The house is on the fifth floor of a six-storey building, which is located in the crossroads made by the Garden Avenue and the Peace Avenue, two busiest streets in our city.
⑧用which引导的非限制性定语从句连接④、⑤。
The rent is no more than 1,000 yuan per month, which is a real bargain.
[连句成篇]
The house is on the fifth floor of a six-storey building which is located in the crossroads made by the Garden Avenue and the Peace Avenue, two busiest streets in our city.Around it lie a supermarket, a hospital and a bus stop, so it is convenient for you to do shopping, see a doctor or travel.
What’s more, the house covers an area of 80 m2 and contains one living room, two bedrooms, one kitchen and one toilet.Besides, it is equipped with all the households and living facilities such as natural gas, heating system, furniture, airconditioners and so on.The rent is no more than 1,000 yuan per month, which is a real bargain.
本讲结束
请按ESC键返回［综合训练·能力提升］课件11张PPT。单元知识整合It didn’t 1.________to me that I had a chance to travel in the US.My uncle, an 2.____________， had travelled to 3._____________places all over the world.He had been to 4.______， 5.__________， the US and even 6._________.At last, he settled in 7.__________， which has the 8.__________of being the most multicultural state in the US, to 9.___________.As his 10.________， I was invited to that magic place.I was 11._________to my◎考点串记occuradventurera great manyItalyDenmarkthe ArcticCaliforniadistinctionmake a lifenephewthankfuluncle and wanted to 12._______the opportunity to enjoy myself.I arrived there with a little 13.________________ an 14.________.15. ___________, my uncle was pleased. His warm welcome 16.__________this.My journey 17.________all the famous tourist spots there.When we sat 18.____________in his department, my uncle told me his story.19.________great 20.__________， he managed to 21.________there and finally lived a steady life.He also told me there were lots of 22.____________, the vastgraspluggage by means ofaircraftApparentlyindicatedtook inback to backDespitehardshiplive onimmigrants23._________of whom today still 24.________their own customs and cultures.25.__________else in the US can we find such a variety of peoples.
Several days later, 26.________________another boy from China, I 27.________a car to travel in 28.______________， in which there is a 29.__________ drive for tourists.We enjoyed many sights, including the famous Gold Gate Bridge.
majoritykeep upNowhereteaming up withhiredSan Franciscofascinating我没有想到自己有机会游览美国。我叔叔是一个探险家，他到过世界上很多的地方。他曾经去过意大利、丹麦、美国，甚至还去过北极。最后，他在加利福尼亚州定居下来，开始新的生活。加利福尼亚州的与众不同之处在于它是美国最具有多元文化特征的一个州。作为他的侄子，我被邀请去那个神奇的地方游览。我很感激我的叔叔，想抓住这个机会尽情地玩。我带着很少的行李乘飞机(by means of...用……办法)到了那儿。叔叔显然非常高兴。他的热情欢迎就表明了这一点。我的旅程包括那里所有的著名旅游景点。当我和叔叔在公寓里背靠背坐着时，他向我讲述了他的故事。尽管经历了很多艰难困苦，他最终设法在那里继续生存下去，并过上了稳定的生活。他还告诉我在加利福尼亚州有很多移民，他们中的大多数今天仍然保留着他们自己的风俗和文化。在美国别的地方(nowhere无处)我们找不到这么多不同的民族。
几天以后，我和另一个来自中国的男孩一起租了一辆汽车游览旧金山。这里有一种很吸引旅游者的驾车活动。我们游览了很多地方，包括著名的金门大桥。
Ⅰ. 语法回顾(根据提示完成句子)
1．__________the sports meet____________(是否举行) is not certain now.
2．________we shall________(在哪儿举行) the meeting makes no difference.
3．____________necessary________(有必要) people should learn to face the reality.
答案 1.Whether；will be held 2.Where；have 3.It is；that ◎语法句型4．____________________(人们希望) the local government can be more practical.
5．Is there anything wrong in________________(我所说的)?
6．I’m not certain__________the train _________ (是否到达) on time.
7．________is a question________(问题是) Mr. Smith will not allow us to cheat.
答案 4.It is hoped that 5.What I said 6.whether；will arrive 7.It；that8．____________________(碰巧) our teacher was there visiting the Great Wall.
9．You look____________you________badly (好像没睡好)．
10．________he suddenly fell ill________________ (使我惊奇)．
答案 8.It happened that 9.as if；slept 10．That；made me surprised
Ⅱ. 句型回顾(根据提示完成句子)
1．They promised the first guest____________(到达) an excellent present.
2．____________in the classroom________(就是在教室里) Tom found the wallet.
3．Little Tom________________(确实解决了) the difficult problem.
答案 1.to arrive 2.It was；that 3.did work out4．Professor Wang does scientific research ____________(其中) he has made a great breakthrough.
5．__________(踢足球时), he hurt himself badly, with a bone broken.
6．____________________(创建于……初) 1900s, the school is famous all over the country.
答案 4.in which 5.While playing football 6.Founded in the early
