课件22张PPT。Section Ⅰ Warming Up and
Reading—ComprehensionⅠ.重点单词(快速识记)
1．________vt.& n．斗争；拼搏；努力
2．________n. 饥饿；欲望
vt.& vi. (使)饥饿
________adj. 饥饿的
3．________adj. 引起烦恼的；令人不安的
________vt. 打扰struggle hunger hungry disturbing disturb 4．________vt.& vi. 使变大；伸展
5．________vt.& vi. 循环；流传
6．________vt. 摆脱；除去
7．________n. 自由；自主
________adj. 自由的
8．________adv. 因此；所以；因而
9．________vt.& vi. 配备；装备
________n. 设备expand circulate rid freedom free therefore equip equipment 10．________vt.& vi. 输出；出口
11．________n. 国籍
________adj. 国家的；民族的
12．________n. 工作；职业；占领
________vt. 占领；使用；使从事export nationality national occupation occupy Ⅱ.重点短语(记清搭配)
1．________ the land 耕种土地
2．graduate________ 毕业于
3．thanks________ 幸亏；由于；因为
4．rid...________ 摆脱；除去
5．be satisfied________ 对……感到满意work work to of with 6．care________ 关心；在乎
7．would________ 宁愿；宁可
8．rather________ 而不是
9．________the hope of 怀有……的希望
10．________ a difference 有关系；有影响about rather than with make Ⅲ.重点句式(熟练模仿)
1．If so，what did you do to grow them？(if so如果这样的话)
[仿写] 这个周日你有空吗？如果有，我们去野营吧。
Will you be free this Sunday？________________，let’s go camping.
答案 1.If so 2．In 1973，he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.(the＋序数词＋名词＋to do)
[仿写] 刘洋是第一位在太空逗留过的中国女性。
Liu Yang is________________________in space.
答案 2.the first Chinese female to have stayed 3．This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields.(make it＋adj.＋to do)
[仿写] 大雨使得运动会不可能如期举行。
The heavy rain ________________________ on time.
答案 3.made it impossible for the sports meeting to be held 4．Using his hybrid rice，farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.(倍数＋as...as)
[仿写] 我弟弟比你妹妹高一倍。
_______________________________________
答案 4.My brother is once as tall as your sister. 5．He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.(would rather do...)
[仿写] 我宁愿走路而不愿意坐公共汽车。
_______________________________________
答案 5.I would rather walk than take a bus.Ⅰ.Fast-reading
1．What’s the main idea of the passage?
____________________________________
____________________________________
答案 1.Yuan Longping’s achievements in farming.2．Read the passage and match each paragraph with its main idea.
(1)Paragraph 1 A．Yuan Longping’s brief life experiences.
(2)Paragraph 2 B．Yuan Longping’s dreams.
(3)Paragraph 3 C．Yuan Longping’s attitudes toward life.
(4)Paragraph 4 D．Yuan Longping’s achievements in the improvements on rice production.
(1)～(4)________
答案 2．(1)～(4) DACBⅡ.Careful-reading
Read the text and choose the best answers.
1．From the first paragraph，we know that Yuan Longping________.
A．is a farmer
B．looks like a farmer
C．has a weak body
D．is China’s most famous scientist
答案 B 2．The sentence “Just dreaming for things，however，costs nothing” in the last paragraph means that________.
A．one should have dreams
B．one shouldn’t have dreams
C．one’s wishes are easy to realize
D．one wishes for things that cost nothing
答案 A 3．From the text，we can conclude that________.
A．60% of the rice grown in the world is from super hybrid rice
B．Yuan Longping made a great contribution to the world in solving the hunger problem
C．Yuan Longping leads a very comfortable life with his high income
D．Yuan Longping has the habit of having dreams when sleeping
答案 B 4．The following are all Dr.Yuan’s hobbies EXCEPT______.
A．listening to violin music
B．swimming and reading
C．playing mah-jong
D．smoking and drinking
答案 D 5．The whole passage mainly talks about________.
A．how to solve the world’s hunger problem
B．how to increase rice harvests
C．Yuan Longping’s achievements in farming
D．Yuan Longping’s daily life
答案 C Ⅲ.Post-reading
Read the passag and fill in the blanks.
A pioneer for all people1.______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______
5.______ 6．______7.______ 8.______
9.______ 10.______
答案 1.Sunburnt 2.graduated 3.goal 4.output 5．circulating 6.would much rather 7.spending money on 8.agricultural 9.feed 10.exportUnit 2 Working the land
Section Ⅱ Warming Up and Reading
——Language Points
[随堂巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Born into a poor family，he has a ________(渴望) to get to the top of society.
2．You are easy to get ________ (晒黑的) when staying on the beach in such a hot day.
3．They were ________(艰难地行进) up the hill with the heavy bags.
4．The country has gained large quantities of profits by ______ (出口 ) its natural resources to other countries.
5．Many people enjoy traveling to ________(增加) their knowledge.
6．Hawking is often invited around the world ________ (传播)his theory of “Black Hole”．
7．The average ______(产量) of the factory is 20 cars a day.
8．They ________(装备) themselves for the expedition.
9．What is your________(国籍)?
10．Please give your name，address and ________ (职业)．
答案 1.hunger 2.sunburnt 3.struggling 4.exporting 5.expand 6.circulating 7.output 8.equipped 9.nationality 10.occupation
Ⅱ.短语选填
as...as；rid...of...；equip...with...；struggle against；care about；thanks to；would rather；care for；make a difference；be satisfied with
1．We should be brave to________________the difficulty.
2．________________your help，much trouble was avoided.
3．It is very hard for the people to________the Earth________pollution.
4．I________________choose to give up than give in to him.
5．The bedroom is twice__________big__________the kitchen.
6．As a famous person，he doesn’t________much________money.
7．He likes pop；he________________classical music as well.
8．Both he and I________________the result.
9．If everyone is devoted to doing some meaningful things，they all will________________in this world.
10．He has________himself________much experience in working.
答案 1.struggle against 2.Thanks to 3.rid；of 4．would rather 5.as；as 6.care；about 7.cares for 8.are satisfied with 9.make a difference 10．equipped；with
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Yuan Longping，the Father of Super Hybrid Rice，is a famous scientist.He 1.________(struggle) for the past five decades 2.________the Chinese farmers.In 1953 when Yuan Longping 3.________ (graduation) from college,4.________(hungry) was a 5.________(disturb) problem in many parts of the countryside.Therefore，Yuan wanted to help rid his motherland of hunger by 6.________(increase) the rice output without 7.________(expand) the area of the fields and he made 8.________.Yuan Longping’s another dream is 9.________(export) his rice to the world.Thanks to Yuan Longping，the UN has more tools in the battle 10.________ hunger throughout the world.
答案 1.has struggled 2.for 3.graduated 4.hunger 5．disturbing 6.increasing 7.expanding 8.it 9.to export 10.against
[限时训练]
[限时30分钟]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
An average 30-year-old person who has eaten three meals a day since birth has eaten more than 30,000 meals to date.Even if you’ve only eaten half that much have to admit this：you’ve let some of that breakfast，lunch or dinner go to waste.And it turns out we’re all to blame for this shaming fact：30% of all food produced in the world each year is wasted or lost.That’s about 1.3 billion tons，according to a new report by the U．N.Food and Agriculture Organization.
That’s the weight of more than 8.6 million full-grown blue whales，the largest creatures on earth.That’s the weight of more than 2.3 million Airbus A380s，the largest planes in existence.That’s as if each person in China，the world’s most populous country with more than 1.3 billion people，had done ton mass of food thrown into the dustbin.It’s almost unfathomable，isn’t it?
Setting aside that big number，we find the people with the most money are the ones who waste the most.On average，a person in European and North American countries wastes between 95 and 115 kilograms of food.Sub-Saharan African，South Asian and Southeast Asian countries waste much，much less－between 6 and 11 kilograms per person.
Here’s another statistic：all the food that the world’s richest countries waste is about equal to all the food that sub-Saharan Africa produces.The numbers：222 million tons and 230 million tons，respectively(分别地)．Basically，the wasted food of the rich could feed much of the African continent.And these numbers come as we’ve just been reporting about rising food prices around the world in the past week.
And my own personal tip：if I eat at a restaurant and can’t finish it all，I ask for a doggie bag.I used to be a waiter years ago and will never forget the amounts of food I saw left on the table after the bill was paid.There’s no reason to waste food.It’s up to all of us to use our common sense to eat and shop just a bit more wisely.
[语篇解读] 本文为一篇说明文。根据联合国粮农组织的一份报告，目前全球生产出来的30%的食物在消费过程中被浪费。
1．What does the underlined word “unfathomable” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Possible to imagine.
B．Impossible to change.
C．Impossible to understand.
D．Possible to understand.
解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段可知，每年浪费的食物的重量超过了860万头地球上最大的动物——蓝鲸的重量，也超过了230万架世界上现有的最大的飞机——空中客车A380的重量。这也好比在世界拥有超过13亿人的人口最多的国家——中国，人均向垃圾桶里倾倒一吨的食物。由此可推知这种现象使人难以理解。unfathomable意为“难以理解的；深不可测的”。
答案 C
2．It can be learned that the food the rich waste can support________.
A．half the people in Europe
B．most people of America
C．most people of Asia
D．most people of Africa
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句“Basically，the wasted food of the rich could feed much of the African continent.”可推知，富有的国家浪费的食物可以养活非洲大陆大部分地区的人。
答案 D
3．The author gave his personal tip based on the fact that________.
A．he was once very poor
B．he was once a farmer
C．he once worked in a restaurant
D．the price of food is very high
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“I used to be a waiter years ago and will never forget the amounts of food I saw left on the table after the bill was paid.”可知，作者的建议是根据他曾是一个餐馆服务员的工作经历而给出的。
答案 C
4．What is the purpose of this article?
A．To show the author’s opinion of food.
B．To let us live more wisely and not waste food.
C．To show the amount of wasted food a year.
D．To ask the richest countries to help African people.
解析 写作意图题。根据第一段倒数第二句“And it turns out we’re all to blame for this shaming fact: 30% of all food produced in the world each year is wasted or lost.”和最后一段最后两句“There’s no reason to waste...and shop just a bit more wisely.”可推知，文章的写作目的在于让人们不要浪费食物，要更明智地生活。
答案 B
B
You’re in a bit of a dilemma standing in front of the produce section of your local supermarket.In one hand，you’re holding a conventionally grown Granny Smith apple.In your other hand，you have one that’s been organically grown.Both apples are firm，shiny and green.Both provide vitamins and fiber，and both are free of fat，sodium and cholesterol.
The conventionally grown apple costs less and is a proven family favorite.But the organic apple has a label that says “USDA Organic”．Does that mean it’s better？Safer？More nutritious？Become a better informed consumer for your next trip to the supermarket.Several differences between organic and non-organic foods exist.The word “organic” refers to the way farmers grow and process agricultural products，such as fruits，vegetables，grains，dairy products and meat.Organic farming practices are designed to encourage soil and water conservation and reduce pollution.Farmers who grow organic produce and meat don’t use conventional methods to fertilize，control weeds or prevent livestock disease.
Here are other differences between conventional farming and organic farming：
Conventional farmers
Organic farmers
Apply chemical fertilizers to promote plant growth.
Apply natural fertilizers to feed soil and plants.
Apply insecticide to reduce pests and disease.
Use beneficial insects and birds to reduce pests and disease.
Give animals antibiotics，growth hormones and medications to prevent disease and promote growth.
Give animals organic foods and allow them access to the outdoors.Use preventive measures－such as a balanced diet and clean housing－to help minimize disease.
*Organic or not check the label
The U．S.Department of Agriculture (USDA) has established an organic certification program that requires all organic foods to meet strict government standards.These standards regulate how such foods are grown，handled and processed.Any farmer of food manufacturer who labels and sells a product as organic must be USDA certified as meeting these standards.Only producers who sell less than $5,000 a year in organic foods are exempt(免除) from this certification.
If a food bears a USDA Organic label，it means it’s produced and processed according to the USDA standards.The seal is voluntary，but many organic producers use it.
[语篇解读] 本文为一篇说明文。“有机食品”一词对我们来说耳熟能详。但有机食物和普通的食物在农业生产过程中到底有怎样的差异，并不是每一个人都很清楚。
5．The main purpose of the passage is to________.
A．promote the sales of organic foods
B．inform people that organic foods are better for their health
C．compare conventional and organic foods
D．persuade people to become informed consumers
解析 主旨大意题。该题目实际上是在考查文章是围绕什么内容展开的。文章的第一段就提出了conventional apple和organic apple的不同概念，下文就这两种事物进行了对比，故该文章的写作目的是告诉人们传统食品与有机食品的差别。
答案 C
6．According to the passage，organic farming is intended to________.
A．improve the quality of the soil and water
B．take the place of the traditional agriculture entirely
C．prevent livestock from getting disease more effectively
D．adopt environmentally-friendly methods to grow plants and feed animals
解析 细节理解题。文章表格中对有机农业和传统农业做法的对比体现了有机农业的优势：在对环境有益的基础上生产健康的食品。由此可知，有机农业旨在通过对环境有益的方法进行生产。
答案 D
7．Which of the following methods belongs to organic farming?
A．Using chemicals to kill insects and prevent disease.
B．Using rotted plants as fertilizers to promote plant growth.
C．Using growth hormones to speed up animals’ growth.
D．Using pests to reduce insects and disease.
解析 细节理解题。根据表格右栏中的“Apply natural fertilizers to feed soil and plants.”可知B项正确。A项中的chemicals，C项中的hormones以及D项中的pests均不符合有机农业的要求。
答案 B
8．From the passage we know the organic certification program________.
A．is not meant for produce of all producers
B．makes it a must to attach a USDA Organic label
C．sets restrictions on the sales of organic produce
D．requires all foods to satisfy the strict government standards
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，并非所有农产品的生产商都要给他们的产品进行有机认证。
答案 A
Ⅱ.阅读填句
How to Make Friends with Neighbors
Most people have neighbors where they live，whether it is in a house，a townhouse，or an apartment.You want to be friends with your neighbors，not enemies.Here are some tips to make that happen.
Get to know your neighbors.If you are the ones moving in and nobody has come to greet you，introduce yourself to your neighbors.__1__If you see someone with a moving truck moving in，introduce yourself and offer to help.Take them a home-treat，such as cookies or bread，and welcome them to the neighborhood.
__2__Take a loaf of bread or a plate of cookies or brownies and wish them a Merry Christmas.You can make a little bag of candy to take to them and wish them a Happy Halloween.
Invite your neighbors to dinner or a barbecue.You can get to know them over a delicious meal.Don’t ask them to bring anything.__3__You can also invite your neighbor over to your house if you are watching a football，baseball，or other sports you think they might be interested in.
Be considerate to your neighbors.__4__You don’t want to be the annoying neighbors who have no consideration for others in the neighborhood.Keep your arguments within the walls of your house.Don’t run outside yelling at one another，creating a huge scene.Nobody wants to know about your personal or family problems.
Let your children play together.Don’t discourage your children from playing with your neighbor’s children because of religion，race，or other petty things.__5__
A．Help out with yard work.
B．Wish them Happy Holidays.
C．If they offer，be gracious and accept it.
D．Go up to your neighbor’s house and say hello.
E．If you see your neighbor working out in his or her yard，offer a helping hand.
F．Don’t play super loud music in the early morning or after nine o’clock at night.
G．They will probably grow up together，so avoid creating enemies and make friends instead.
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文，介绍了如何与邻居交朋友。
1．解析 根据本段主题句：开始去结识你的朋友及空前一句：如果你是新搬来的，没有人跟你打招呼，那就向你的邻居介绍自己。故此处谈去邻居家主动打招呼。
答案 D
2．解析 根据下文，带面包或曲奇饼祝福朋友圣诞快乐，故此处作为主题句，谈论祝福邻居节日快乐的话题。
答案 B
3．解析 根据本段主题句：通过共进晚餐或一起吃烧烤可以增进与邻居的友谊。上文谈不要让他们带任何东西来，此处表示如果他们带来了要有礼貌的接受，与上文为转折对比关系。
答案 C
4．解析 根据本段主题句，要多为邻居着想，故此处以太早或太晚不要大声弹奏音乐，具体说明如何体谅邻居。
答案 F
5．解析 根据上文，让你家孩子跟邻居家孩子一起玩，故此处谈孩子们将很可能一起长大，成为朋友而不是敌人。
答案 G
Ⅲ.语法填空
A couple had been married for over 60 years.They shared everything，talked about everything and kept no secrets __1__ each other except that the woman had a box in a drawer __2__ she had cautioned her husband never to open or ask her about.
He’d never thought about it ever since.One day __3__ woman got very sick and the doctor said she wouldn’t recover.To sort out their affairs，the husband took down the box and __4__ (bring)it to his wife’s bedside.She agreed it was time that he should know __5__ was in the box.
__6__ (open)it，he found two small table mats and a sum of money totaling $ 25,000.He asked her about the contents.“When we were to be married，” she said，“my grandma told me the secret of a happy __7__(marry) was never to argue，and I should just keep quiet and make a mat __8__ I got angry with you.”
The man was so __9__ (move) that he had to fight back tears.She had only been angry with him twice in all those years of living and loving！“Honey，” he said，“that explains the mats，but what about the money？Where did it come from？”
“Oh，” she said，“that’s the money I made from selling __10__.”
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。通过介绍一对已结婚60年的夫妇来告诉人们幸福婚姻的秘诀。
1．解析 考查介词。根据“They shared everything”可知，他们之间没有秘密，故填from与keep连用，意为“向……隐瞒”。
答案 from
2．解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此句是定语从句，从句中缺少open和about的宾语，先行词a box在从句中作宾语，故填关系代词that/which。
答案 that/which
3．解析 考查冠词。此处特指上文提到的那个女人。故填the。
答案 the
4．解析 考查动词时态。根据“and”一词可知，“bring”与句中“took”并列作谓语动词 ，故填brought。
答案 brought
5．解析 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空后句子作“know”的宾语从句，而从句中缺少主语，并且意为“什么”，故用what引导从句。
答案 what
6．解析 考查非谓语动词。逗号前后两句话之间没有连词，故open应用非谓语动词形式，在句中作状语，又因为“open”与“he”构成主动关系，故填opening。
答案 Opening
7．解析 考查名词。根据“happy”一词可知，此处需填名词，marry的名词是marriage。
答案 marriage
8．解析 考查连词。根据前后两句话之间的逻辑关系可知，所缺词的意思可以是“如果”，表示条件，或“当……时”，表示时间，故填if/when。
答案 if/when
9．解析 考查词性转换。so＋adj./adv.＋ that是固定搭配，意为“如此……以至于”，此处缺少形容词，表示“感到……的”，故填moved意为“感动的”。
答案 moved
10．解析 考查代词。根据语境可知，这些钱来自女人卖掉自己做的垫子，所以此处是指“the mats”。又因为上文出现过mats，所以此处可以用代词代替，故填them。
答案 them
课件69张PPT。 Section Ⅱ Warming Up and Reading
—Language Points1．Indeed，his sunburnt face and arms and his slim，strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers，for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.
的确，他那被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又结实的身体，就跟其他千百万的中国农民一样，过去50年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。［核心词汇］◎struggle vi.& n．斗争；拼搏；努力
[语境感悟]
①We have to struggle against/with all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.
我们必须和来自国内外的各种各样的困难作斗争。
②Helen Keller became deaf and blind when she was 19 months old，but she never gave up and struggled to lead an active life.
海伦·凯勒19个月大时就变得失聪又失明了，但她从不放弃并努力过积极的生活。[归纳拓展]
struggle for 努力争取……；为……而斗争
struggle with/against 与……作斗争
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
③It was a hard struggle to get my work done on time.
为使工作按时完成，我做了一番努力。[做一做]
◎语法填空
①Bravely，Mary struggled________her feet，and fought against the wind and rain beating against her.
②Robinson suggested that may be because parents themselves struggle________(understand) the tasks.
③He tried his best to struggle________all the difficulties appearing in his life.
答案 ①to ②to understand ③against2．At that time，hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.
当时，饥饿是许多农村地区面临的一个严重问题。
◎hunger [U]饥饿；欲望
vt.& vi.渴求；渴望得到[语境感悟]
①Scott’s last journey，completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger，caught the world’s imagination.
斯科特的最后一次旅行，以他躺在帐篷中又冷又饿奄奄一息的状态结束，这引起了世人许多的猜想。②The girl has a hunger for a chance to achieve her dream.女孩渴望一个实现梦想的机会。
③Nowadays，even though there is a variety of food，there are still a lot of people dying of hunger in the world.现在，尽管有很多种食物，但是世界上仍然有很多饿死的人。[归纳拓展]
have a hunger for 渴望……
die of hunger 死于饥饿
hunger for/after 渴望得到……
hungry adj. 饥饿的
go hungry 挨饿
be hungry for 渴望……[知识延伸]
①在英语中，很多生理上的词汇引申使用于心理上的愿望(appetite，thirst，hunger等)。
②同义词：表示“渴望，愿望”
have a desire for/to do...
have an appetite for/to do...
wish/hope for/to do...
be eager/anxious for/to do...
be thirsty for/to do...
long for/to do...[做一做]
◎句型转换
①With a dream of becoming an astronaut，he has a hunger for knowledge about space since he was a child.
→With a dream of becoming an astronaut，he has been________knowledge about space since he was a child.
→With a dream of becoming an astronaut，he has____________________knowledge about space since he was a child.
答案 ①hungering for；been hungry for ◎语法填空
②He had a hunger________that post when he was a college student.
③The fans are__________(hunger) for meeting their idols after the Film Festival.
④In some parts of Africa，there are still some children dying________hunger.
⑤People in that country have________hunger for peace.
答案 ②for ③hungry ④of ⑤a 3．At that time，hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.当时，饥饿是许多农村地区面临的令人焦虑的问题。
◎disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的
[语境感悟]
①It is very disturbing that we haven’t seen him for a long time.好长时间没见到他，这令我们深感不安。
②She was growing more and more disturbed that she had not heard from him for a year.
一年没有得到他的音信，她越来越不安。
③Talk quietly in the reading room in order not to disturb others.为了不打扰他人，在阅览室里，不要大声说话。[归纳拓展]
disturb vt. 打扰；弄乱；使不安
disturbed adj. 心神不宁的；担心的
[知识延伸]
同义词：boring，boresome，troublesome，bored，interruptive，troubled[做一做]
◎完成句子
①I’m sorry________________(打扰你一下)，but can I talk to you for a moment?
②________________(使她不安) to realize that she was missing him.
答案 ①to disturb you ②It disturbed her◎语法填空
③I was deeply________(disturb) and depressed by the news.
④The sad news came，________(disturb) all the family.
答案 ③disturbed ④disturbing4．Thanks_to his research，the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.
由于他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中有了更多的方法。
(1)◎thanks to幸亏；由于；因为[语境感悟]
①Thanks to your timely help，I managed to finish the work on time.
多亏了你及时的帮助，我按时完成了工作。
②Thanks to the bad weather，the match has been cancelled.因为糟糕的天气，比赛被取消了。[知识延伸]
同义词：owing to，due to，because of，as a result of，on account of，for，in consequence of[做一做]
◎完成句子
①________________，we have made such achievements.
多亏了他们无私的支持，我们才取得了这样的成就。
②________________，I could finish my work ahead of schedule.
多亏了你及时的帮助，我能提前完成工作。
③The sports meet was put off__________________.
由于天气不好，运动会延期了。
答案 ①Thanks to their selfless support ②Thanks to your timely help ③because of/owing to the bad weather(2)◎rid...of使……摆脱或除去
[语境感悟]
①You are supposed to rid yourself of carelessness，for it often leads to trouble.
你应该克服粗心，因为它常常引起麻烦。
②We must try every way to rid our company of these debts.我们要想尽一切办法让公司摆脱这些债务。[归纳拓展]
be rid of 摆脱(状态)
get rid of 摆脱；丢弃；扔掉
rid oneself of 摆脱；从……中解脱[规律总结]
介词of其中一个意义为：没有，用于一些动词后，后接动词所涉及的人或物
rob sb.of sth. 抢劫某人某物
deprive sb.of sth. 剥夺某人某物
clear sb.of sth. 澄清某人某事
be free of sth. 不复……打扰
cure sb.of sth. 治愈某人的疾病③We have just cleared him of all blame.
他一切责难都澄清了。
④It was several weeks before he was completely free of pain.过了几个星期他的疼痛才完全消除。[做一做]
◎完成句子
④Once you get into a bad habit of smoking，you will find it hard to________________it.
一旦你养成了吸烟的坏习惯，你会发现很难戒掉。
⑤He struggled to rid________________________.
他拼命克服恐惧。
答案 ④get rid of ⑤himself of his fears5．Yuan Longping is quite satisfied_with his life.
袁隆平对自己的生活相当满足。
◎be satisfied with对……感到满意
[语境感悟]
①He is a modest man and never satisfied with his present achievements.
他是一个谦虚的人，对自己现在的成就从不感到满足。②Jonas is satisfied with his life in the community.
乔纳斯对在整个社区的生活很满意。
③People are less satisfied with their lives.
人们对生活的满意度下降了。[归纳拓展]
(1)satisfy vt. 使满意
(2)satisfying adj. 令人满意的
(3)satisfied adj. 满意的
be satisfied with sb./sth. 对……满意
(4)satisfaction n. 满意
to one’s satisfaction 令人满意的是
④The young man found it hard to satisfy his boss，so he left.
这位年轻人发现很难让老板满意，于是离开了。[知识延伸]
同义词：content，please，pleased，meet，fulfilled[做一做]
◎用satisfied，satisfying，satisfaction或satisfy的适当形式填空
①Just to________my curiosity I opened my son’s diary.
②I’m quite________with your answer.
③To our________，we got what we wanted.
④You gave me a________answer.
答案 ①satisfy ②satisfied ③satisfaction ④satisfying7．He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.因此他资助他人几百万元供他们在农业领域搞研究。
◎equip vt.& vi.配备；装备[语境感悟]
①Please equip yourself with a sharp pencil and a rubber for the exam.
请准备一支尖的铅笔和一块橡皮参加考试。
②He is equipped with much experience in teaching.
他具有丰富的教学经验。
③Your training will equip you for your future job.
你的训练使得你能够胜任将来的工作。[归纳拓展]
(1)equip sb./sth.with sth. 用……装备……
equip sb./sth.for 为……而武装某人；
为……而装备某物
equip sb./sth.to do sth. 使某人/物具备条件做某事
well/poorly equipped 设备精良的/差的
(2)equipment n. 设备[做一做]
◎完成句子
①We_____our children ______ a good education.
我们使孩子们受到良好的教育。
②Every classroom in this modern school_______a new computer.
这所现代化的学校里每个教室都配备一台新电脑。
答案 ①equip；with ②is equipped with ③It’s a modern，________________equipped hospital，and all its________________of high quality.
这是一个现代的、装备精良的医院，所有的设备都具有较高的质量。
答案 ③well；equipment is
◎用equip的适当形式填空
④They ________themselves ________a pair of sharp axes and set off for the forest.
⑤They________not ________ deal with the situation.
⑥Our laboratory is well ________.
⑦Is it a piece of ________for the kitchen?
答案 ④equipped；with ⑤are；equipped to ⑥equipped ⑦equipment8．He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.于是他拿出几百万元帮助其他人进行农业科学研究。
◎therefore adv.因此；所以；因而[语境感悟]
①Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable；therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap with conversation.
沉默可能被一些文化群体看作是极其不舒服；因此可以尝试来填补谈话间的间隙。②Your information is not accurate and your conclusion is therefore wrong.
你的信息不准确，所以你的结论是错误的。
③I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature.
我了解到鱼是冷血动物，因此对水的温度非常敏感。④Therefore，this new kind of shoes has come into being recently.因此，这种新鞋最近才问世。[知识延伸]
同义词：hence，thus，consequently，accordingly，as a result[做一做]
◎完成句子
①It rained，________ the sports meet was put off.
因为下雨，所以运动会被推迟了。
②There is still much to discuss.We shall，__________，return to this item at our next meeting.
要讨论的问题还很多。所以，我们将在下次会议上再讨论这项议题。
答案 ①therefore ②therefore1．He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.
他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。
[句式分析]
would rather do为一固定句式，表示宁愿做……，宁可做……，rather为副词，其基本构成为would do。［典型句式］[语境感悟]
①Usually，gossip spreads information about a topic－breakups，trouble at home，even dropping out－that a person would rather keep secret.
通常流言蜚语的话题是关于像分手、家庭的麻烦、甚至辍学的信息，那些主人宁愿保守秘密的信息。②He would rather not have given up the chance to go travelling abroad.
他宁愿没有放弃这次去国外旅行的机会。[归纳拓展]
(1)would rather do...than do＝would do...rather than do＝prefer to do...rather than do宁可做……也不做……
(2)would rather not do宁愿不做
(3)would rather后接动词原形或that从句。接从句时要用虚拟语气，即用一般过去时表示现在或将来要做的事，用过去完成时表示过去要做的事。[做一做]
◎完成句子
①我宁可待在家里也不想出去。
I __________stay at home ________ go out.
＝I ________stay at home ________ go out.
＝I ______________ at home ________ go out.
②他宁可不告诉我们真相。
He ________________us the truth.
答案 ①would rather，than；would，rather than；prefer to stay，rather than ②would rather not tell③我宁愿你明天来。
I would rather you ________ tomorrow.
④我宁愿昨天晚上没参加那个聚会。
I’d rather I ______________the party last night.
答案 ③came ④hadn’t attended2．If_so，what did you do to grow them？If_not，what kind of plant would you like to try growing?
如果种过的话，你是怎样种植的？如果没有种过的话，你想要尝试种什么植物？[句式分析]
if so为省略句式，意为“如果是这样的话”，if用作连词，so用来代替上文内容，以避免重复。if not为if so的否定形式。[语境感悟]
①Do you agree that I will put our visit to Yunnan off？If so，write back to tell me about it as soon as possible.你赞同我推迟我们去云南的旅行吗？如果赞同，请尽快写信告诉我。
②Will you get a free evening next week？If so，let’s have dinner.下周你会有一个晚上有空吗？如果有，让我们一起吃顿饭吧。③Is everybody feeling cold？If not，let’s open the window.大家感到冷吗？如果不，让我们把窗户打开吧。[归纳拓展]
if necessary 如果有必要
if possible 如果有可能
if any 如果有的话
if ever 如果曾经(做过)
when possible 一有可能
where necessary 在有必要的地方④I will go to Beijing to visit the Great Wall when possible.有可能的话我就去北京参观长城。
⑤He made some marks where necessary.
他在有必要的地方做了记号。[做一做]
◎选词填空(if not/if so/if ever)
①Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)？________，come early to the talk at 7：30 p．m. by Jules Skye，a successful record producer.
②Do street children go to school，and________，why not?
③She seldom，________，goes to travel abroad.
答案 ①If so ②if not ③if ever3．This special strain of rice makes_it_possible_to_produce_20%_more_of_the_crop in the same fields.
这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获20%的粮食。[句式分析]
(1)此句为复杂的简单句。句中谓语动词make后跟复合宾语，it为形式宾语，不定式作真正的宾语，形容词possible为宾语补足语。
(2)“make＋it＋宾语补足语＋真正的宾语”的基本结构为：make＋it＋宾语补足语(for sb.)＋to do.../that...[语境感悟]
①We should make it possible to finish the work in a week.
我们应该使得这份工作在一周后完成成为可能。
②The programme A Bite of China makes it possible for us to learn how to make delicious food.
《舌尖上的中国》这个节目让我们学习做美味的食物成为可能。[知识延伸]
常见的类似句式有：
find＋it＋adj./n.＋to do
consider＋it＋adj./n.＋to do
think＋it＋adj./n.＋to do
believe＋it＋adj./n.＋to do
feel＋it＋adj./n.＋to do
③I feel it an honour to make a speech here.
在此演讲我感到非常荣幸。[做一做]
◎完成句子
①The special way__________200 English words in one hour.这种特别的方法让我们在一个小时内记住200个单词成为可能。
②The high-speed rail__________than before.
高铁使得旅客的出行比以前快很多成为可能。
答案 ①makes it possible for us to remember
②makes it possible for passengers to travel much faster
◎语法填空
③Around three in five people in the UK will find________necessary to care for an elderly or a disabled loved one at some point.
答案 ③it4．Using_his_hybrid_rice，farmers are producing harvests twice_as_large_as_before.
用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出的粮食是以前的两倍。
[句式分析]
(1)此句为复杂的简单句。句中分词“Using his hybrid rice”为方式状语。
(2)“twice as large as”为倍数的表达方式。[语境感悟]
①Approaching the vehicle，they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.走近车辆，他们看到一位女士正试图从破碎的窗户爬出来。
②This tree is three times as tall as that one.
这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。[归纳拓展]③The wire is four times as long as that one.
＝The wire is three times longer than that one.
＝The wire is four times the length of that one.
这根线是那根线的4倍长。
④The production now is 3 times what it was 10 years ago.
现在的产量是10年前的3倍。特别提示 在倍数表达法句型中，用times表示三倍或三倍以上，两倍用twice或double。[做一做]
◎完成句子
①The tree is __________(三倍高) that one.
②The Yangtze River is almost_____________(长两倍) the Pearl River(珠江)．
③The newly broadened square is ________(4倍大) of the previous one.
答案 ①three times as high as ②twice longer than ③four times the size本讲结束
请按ESC键返回［综合训练·能力提升］Unit 2 Working the land
Section Ⅲ Learning about Language and Using Language
[随堂巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We make sure that our children will get enough ________(营养)from healthy food.
2．This area is rich in ________(矿物质)and the need for miners is great.
3．________(生产) of the computers has increased double in the last few weeks.
4．Because of his strange clothes，he immediately became the________(焦点) of attention when he entered the office.
5．He ________(减低) speed to thirty kilometers an hour.
6．There is a________(总结) at the end of each chapter.
7．He ________(浏览) through the article trying to find his name.
8．Researchers in this field have made some important new ________(发现)．
9．Money，love of money is said to be the ______ (根源) of all evil.
10．She made helpful ________(评论) on my work.
答案 1.nutrition 2.minerals 3.Production 4.focus
5．reduced 6.summary 7.skimmed 8.discoveries
9．root 10.comments
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．We’ve ________________ (降价)in the shop，so it’s good time for you to buy now.
2．All his energies are________________(集中在) his children.
3．Be prepared ________________(分享你的评论) with another group.
4．________________ (黄金的发现)in the land made the people rapidly rich.
5．You know，sports and games ______________(增强我们的体质)．
6．I crossed the street to avoid meeting him，but he saw me and came ________________(朝我跑过来)．
答案 1.reduced the prices 2.focused upon 3.to share your comments 4.The discovery of gold 5.build up our bodies 6.running towards me
Ⅲ.选词或短语填空
confusing，no comment，keep...free of，regret，reduce，prefer，in summary，build up
1．With the pressure________________，she was off work for weeks because she couldn’t stand it any more.
2．－Can you give some explanation about the accident caused by the son of the famous man yesterday?
－________________！
3．He has________________refusing their offer to work abroad.
4．He said that he________________swimming to skating.
5．________________，the little tramp is homeless，poor but optimistic，kind.
6．The scientists are trying to think of ways to________________the water________________pollution.
7．From her confused look，we can know that the question is quite________________.
8．She tried hard to________her weight by doing exercise every day.
答案 1.building up 2.No comment 3.regretted
4．preferred 5.In summary 6.keep；free of 7.confusing 8.reduce
Ⅳ.语法填空
Dear James，
How time flies！You 1._____________________________________________ ____________
(study) in Beijing for nearly a month，during which you must have achieved a lot.Well，how’s everything going？It is reported that the weather there is very hot and dry these days，which is very different from 2.________of your country.Have you adapted to it？In addition，you once complained that the food 3.________(serve) there was not 4.________your taste.I hope that it should have been improved.
I am glad to tell you that I will go to Beijing to take part in an English speech contest in July,5.________is not only an honour，but also a great opportunity for me 6.________(improve) myself.And now I try my best to make 7.________(prepare) for it.However，I have some trouble in 8.________(collect) the materials relevant(相关的) and using the language.I will appreciate 9._______if you give me a hand to solve the problems.After the contest，I am to drop 10.________at your school to visit you.Please wait for my phone.
Yours，
Li Lei
答案 1.have been studying 2.that 3.served 4.to 5．which 6.to improve 7.preparations 8.collecting 9.it 10.in
[限时训练]
[限时30分钟]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2019·河北卓越联盟高一月考)My friend Gayle has been “living” with cancer for four years and it is progressively getting worse.During a conversation with another friend，Gayle expressed that one of her childhood wishes was to have a red Radio Flyer wagon(遥控小马车)．As a child she never received one because she believed that if you told your birthday wish it wouldn’t come true.
I was at an ice cream stand one day and in the window was a small red Radio Flyer wagon that could be won in a weekly drawing.Every time you make a purchase you could fill out a ticket for a chance to win.After several weeks and many ice cream cones(锥体)，I didn’t win.I got up the courage to ask the person in charge if I could buy one.I went to the window and as I began to tell my story，I could feel my throat tighten and my eyes overflowed with tears.Somehow I managed to explain my reason for wanting to purchase the wagon，and after writing a check，I left carrying it.The wagon was sent to Gayle the next day，and for Gayle the dream came true.The following day I received a letter that read：
Dear Bonnie，
Every once in a while there is an opportunity to pass on a kindness－no questions asked.I lost my parents to cancer six months apart from each other.I cared for both of them but could not have done it without the love and generosity of friends－friends who care.
The best to you.
Norma
It was from the owner of the ice cream stand.Inside it was my uncashed check.
[语篇解读] 作者的朋友与癌症斗争了四年了，她想要一个红色的遥控小马车。作者去店里和Norma讲述了朋友的情况和愿望，Norma免费送了这个礼物。
1．Gayle didn’t receive a Radio Flyer wagon before because
________.
A．she didn’t like it at all
B．she was suffering from cancer
C．she never told her wish to anybody
D．her parents couldn’t afford one
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的“As a child she never received one because she believed that if you told your birthday wish it wouldn’t come true.”可知，她从来没有把这个愿望告诉过别人。故选C项。
答案 C
2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The check. B．The wagon.
C．The ice cream. D．The letter.
解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段的“Somehow I managed to explain my reason for wanting to purchase the wagon，and after writing a check”和“The wagon was sent to Gayle the next day”可知，作者带着遥控小马车离开了店里，然后给了Gayle。
答案 B
3．We can infer from the passage that________.
A．Norma’s parents have a lot of money
B．Bonnie paid for the wagon by cash
C．Bonnie gave Gayle a lot of ice cream cones
D．Norma didn’t charge money from Bonnie for the wagon
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，Norma把支票退回给作者了。
答案 D
4．Which word(s) can best describe Norma?
A．Mean. B．Green-eyed.
C．Full of kindness. D．Full of pride.
解析 推理判断题。根据文中讲述的Norma的做法和信中的“Every once in a while there is an opportunity to pass on a kindness－no questions asked.”可知，Norma是个非常善良的人。
答案 C
Ⅱ.完形填空
Farming and Gardening
Agriculture has a long history in China.Much of the wisdom__1__by early Chinese scientists is still useful for farmers and gardeners today.One of China’s early__2__scientists was Jia Sixie，who lived in the sixth century AD.He spent his time doing__3__into agriculture.He collected information，studied it，did experiments and learnt from the__4__of farmers.
Around 540 AD，he wrote a book called Qimin Yaoshu.The book is about both farming and__5__.It includes advice on the following__6__：growing green vegetables and fruit trees，keeping animals，and fish in lakes.There are also__7__for making wine.Jia Sixie’s book is a(n)__8__guide for farming.Firstly，as a farmer you should do things at the right time of the year.If you sow seeds and__9__young plants in the fields at the correct time of the year，your work will be less and__10__will be better.But if you __11__nature and do things at the wrong time of year，you will have to do more work and the results will not be so good.The__12__of the soil is also very important.Examine the soil on your farm__13__.If the condition of your soil is not good，you should improve it.Before sowing or planting crops，you must clean rough ground and__14__weeds.Let sheep or cows walk on the land to__15__the weeds or eat them.The best harvest is reached when farmers__16__the crops in their fields.For example，do not plant rice__17__in the same field.But if you plant rice in a field one year and wheat in the field the next year，you will__18__good crops.Other scientists said that wheat should be planted with__19__between the plants，but Jia did experiments and__20__that planting wheat close together is better.
[语篇解读] 本文介绍了我国古代科学家贾思勰对我国古代农业的研究和贡献，他的著作《齐民要术》对农业生产起到了重要的指导作用。
1．A.discovered B．recovered
C．reported D．repeated
解析 句意为：先前中国科学家发现的智慧对于现在的农民和园艺工人仍然有用。此处只有discovered才能与wisdom搭配。
答案 A
2．A.industrial B．agricultural
C．cultural D．article
解析 贾思勰是我国古代的农业科学家，故选agricultural。
答案 B
3．A.search B．research
C．experiment D．movement
解析 do research into agriculture意为“做农业研究”。后文提到的“He collected information，studied it，did experiments，and learnt from the________of farmers.”都是研究的内容。
答案 B
4．A.adventures B．advantages
C．tradition D．experience
解析 learn from the experience of farmers意为“学习农民的耕作经验”。
答案 D
5．A.nursing B．gardening
C．produce D．trade
解析 由本文的标题和第二段第二、三句推断可知，选gardening。
答案 B
6．A.programs B．topics
C．subjects D．events
解析 本句的下文介绍一些具体的课题，如：种菜、养动物等。subject科目，课题；program项目，节目；topic话题；event事件。故选C。
答案 C
7．A.instructions B．constructions
C．measures D．treasures
解析 此处表示造酒的“指导，说明”，故选instructions。其他选项与句意不符。
答案 A
8．A.economical B．practical
C．similar D．regular
解析 practical guide切实可行的指导，符合语境。economical经济的，节省的；similar相像的，类似的；regular有规律的。
答案 B
9．A.drop B．increase
C．grow D．throw
解析 grow young plants意为“种植幼苗”，其他选项没有“种植”之意。
解析 C
10．A.dreams B．ending
C．hope D．results
解析 本题用result，与前文的work相对，表示“工作投入少，而结果更好”，下文也有类似的句子。
答案 D
11．A.argue against B．go against
C．compete with D．deal with
解析 go against nature意为“违背自然”，其他选项均不符合句意。
答案 B
12．A.application B．situation
C．condition D．addition
解析 the condition of the soil意为“土壤的状况、条件”。而situation表示“形势”，与soil不搭配，其他与句意不符。
答案 C
13．A.successfully B．carefully
C．gradually D．frequently
解析 前句指出土壤状况重要，本句说明要细心、仔细地检查土壤，故选carefully。
答案 B
14．A.remove B．pull
C．kill D．reduce
解析 根据常识可知，种庄稼之前需要平整土地和除草。remove weeds意为“清除杂草”。
答案 A
15．A.destroy B．prevent
C．divide D．limit
解析 让牛羊在地里走，这就是为了摧毁杂草或者吃掉杂草。故本题选destroy。
答案 A
16．A.keep B．improve
C．manage D．change
解析 从下句中“do not plant rice________in the same field”可知庄稼要换着种，因此选change。
答案 D
17．A.one after another B．here and there
C．now and then D．year after year
解析 year after year“年复一年”。句意为：不在同一块地里年复一年地种同一种庄稼。
答案 D
18．A.win B．collect
C．harvest D．plant
解析 句意为：如果每年换种不同的庄稼就会有好收成。harvest good crops意为“收成好”。
答案 C
19．A.holes B．lines
C．space D．balance
解析 句意为：其他科学家认为种植小麦时，株与株之间要留有空间。因此选space。
答案 C
20．A.showed B．meant
C．intended D．decided
解析 本句的开头是“but Jia did experiments”，因此后半句是实验结果“证明、表明”。故选A。
答案 A
Ⅲ.语法填空
No one was left in the museum now，and John was walking round to see if everything was all right.Suddenly he saw a beautiful painting 1.________(lie) on the floor.John picked it up and gave it to the director of the museum.
The director called several museums to check and see whether it was a 2.________(steal) painting，but no one claimed(认领) it.So the director decided to hang it in the museum.All the experts came to look at the painting and they all spoke 3.________(high) of it.The director was proud 4.________(have) such an extraordinary painting in his museum and 5.________ (congratulate) John on his discovery.
Some weeks 6.________(late) a woman and her little son came to the museum.While they 7.________(look) at the new painting，the little boy began to cry.The director went over and asked him，“Why are you crying？”
The child pointed to the painting and said，“That’s my painting on the wall 8.________I want it back.”
“Yes，” said his mother，“he left 9.________on the floor a few weeks ago.If you look carefully，you can see his name 10.________the painting.”
答案 1.lying 2.stolen 3.highly 4.to have 5.congratulated 6.later 7.were looking 8.and/so 9.it 10.on
课件75张PPT。Section Ⅲ Learning about Language and Using Language1．________vt. 使迷惑；使为难
________adj. (感到)迷惑的
________adj. 令人困惑的
2．________vt. 遗憾；惋惜
n. 遗憾；懊悔
________adj. 遗憾的；懊悔的
3．________n. 生产；制造
________v. 生产 confuse confused confusing regret regretful production produce 4．________n. 发现；发觉
________vt. 发现
5．________n. 焦点；中心点
vt. 集中；聚焦
6．________vt. 减少；减缩
7．________vt. 浏览；略读discovery discover focus reduce skim 8．________vt. 画底线标出；强调
9．________n. 总结；摘要；概要
10．________n. 评论；议论
vi.& vt. 表达意见；作出评论underline summary comment Ⅱ.重点短语(记清搭配)
1．cause damage________ 给……造成损害
2．wash________ 将……洗掉；洗净
3．build________ 逐渐增强；建立；开发
4．lead________ 导致；造成(后果)
5．focus________ 集中(注意力、精力等)于to off up to on 6．keep...free________ 使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)
7．________addition 另外
8．turn________ 转向；向……求助from/of in to Ⅲ.重点句式(熟练模仿)
1．This also keeps the air，soil，water and crops free from chemicals.
[句式] keep...free from/of使……免受(影响或伤害)；使……不含(有害物)。
[仿写] 我们把衣服放进柜子以免落入灰尘。
____________________________________
答案 1.We put our clothes in the suitcase to keep them free from dust.2．They often change the kind of crop in each field every few years...
[句式] every与数词或few，other连用，表示时间或空间的间隔。
[仿写] 他们每隔一月回家一次。
____________________________________
答案 2．They go home every two months/other month/second month.3．Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil，making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.
像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于种植要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。
[句式] making it ready for crops...作状语，表示结果。
[仿写] 我们的英语老师突然停止了朗读，让我们都一脸茫然。
Our English teacher stopped reading suddenly，________________________.
答案 3．making us confusedⅠ.Fast-reading
Read the text quickly and match the general idea of each paragraph.
Para.1 A．Problems caused by chemical fertilizers.
Para.2 B．Farmers and customers turn to organic farming.
Para.3 C．Long-term use of chemical fertilizers can cause damage to the land and people’s health.
Para.4 D．Other methods to keep the soil fertile.
答案 Para.1～4 CABDⅡ.Careful-reading
(Ⅰ)Read the text and choose the best answers.
1．The writer seems to agree that________.
A．natural fertilizers are better than chemical fertilizers
B．chemical fertilizers are better than natural fertilizers
C．farmers prefer chemical fertilizers because they can improve the soil
D．organic farmers change crops every two or three years because they want to produce more kinds of crops
答案 A 2．How many ways do the organic farmers use to keep their soil fertile?
A．3. B．4.
C．5. D．6.
答案 B 3．Which of the following is TRUE?
A．All farming is organic farming.
B．Using natural waste from animals can help reduce disease in crops and help them grow strong and healthy.
C．Farmers often grow the same crops year after year.In this way，they can have a good harvest.
D．Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to make full use of the field.
答案 B 4．________so that the soil may not get exhausted.
A．Farmers grow the same crops year after year
B．Farmers use natural fertilizers
C．Farmers change crops every two or three years
D．Farmers use chemical fertilizers
答案 C(Ⅱ)Read the text again and answer the following questions.
1．Why are chemical fertilizers so popular in farming today?
____________________________________
答案 1.They are a great way to stop crop disease and increase production.2．What problems can be caused by using chemical fertilizers?
____________________________________
3．What is organic farming?
____________________________________
答案 2．They can damage the land and people’s health.
3．Organic farming means growing crops without using any chemicals.4．What is the main reason for using organic farming methods?
____________________________________
5．How many ways do the organic farmers have to keep their soil fertile and healthy？What are they?
____________________________________
答案 4．The main reason is to grow good food and to avoid damaging the environment or people’s health.
5．Four；Use natural material waste...change the kind of crop...；plant crops to use different...；plant grass...；and then leave it in the ground....1．It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students.把这个再解释一遍很重要，否则我们就会使学生感到迷惑。
◎confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难［核心词汇］[语境感悟]
①Be careful not to confuse quantity with/and quality.
注意不要把数量与质量混淆了。
②If you’re confused about anything，phone my office.
如果你有感到困惑的问题，给我办公室打电话。[归纳拓展]
(1)confuse A with B 把A与B混淆
(2)confused adj. (人)不知所措的；困惑的
be confused about... 对……感到困惑
(3)confusing adj. (事/物)令人困惑的；难懂的[做一做]
◎完成句子
①Don’t confuse the word “weather”________“whether”．
不要把weather和whether这两个单词弄混了。
②The instructions are so__________that I am totally________.(confuse)
说明书太令人费解了，我完全糊涂了。
答案 ①with ②confusing；confused◎语法填空
③The annoying thing about the scheme is that it’s________(confuse)．
④I was getting________(confuse) by such a confusing problem.
⑤Slow to respond to the change，your body clock is________(confuse)．
答案 ③confusing ④confused ⑤confused2．His father says that he has never regretted sending his son to study abroad.
他爸爸说他从不后悔送他儿子出国学习。
◎regret vt.遗憾；惋惜
n．遗憾[语境感悟]
①After he considered the problem more carefully，he regretted making/having made such a hasty decision.
更仔细地考虑了这个问题后，他后悔做出了这么匆忙的决定。
②I regret to tell you that I can’t travel to Beijing together with you at the appointed time.
我很遗憾地告诉你我不能在约定的时间和你去北京了。③Much to our regret，we will not be able to visit you next year.
让我们深感遗憾的是，我们明年不能去拜访你了。 [归纳拓展]
(1)regret having done sth./doing sth.
后悔做了某事
regret to do sth. 对要做的事感到遗憾
regret that从句 遗憾……
(2)to one’s regret 让某人感到遗憾的是
with great/deep regret 很遗憾
express regret at/about/for 对……表示遗憾[规律总结]
一些动词如regret，remember，stop等词后跟to do或doing，表达意义不同，其规律是看非谓语动词的动作发生与谓语动词的动作发生的前后顺序。发生在谓语动词后的动作，非谓语动词用to do；发生在谓语动词前的动作则用doing。④I remember locking the door，but it is open.
我记得锁上门了，但是它还开着。
⑤I regret to tell you that you are fired.
很遗憾我要告诉你，你被开除了。[做一做]
◎完成句子
①He________________the chance to travel with his friends.他后悔错过了与朋友一起旅行的机会。
②He________________the passengers that their flight had been put off because of the bad weather.他遗憾地通知旅客他们的航班由于糟糕的天气已被推迟。
答案 ①regretted missing ②regretted to inform◎语法填空
③We heard that you were not successful in your plan________regret.
④________his regret，he failed the final exam and had to give up the chance.
答案 ③with ④To3．These chemicals in the food supply build_up in people’s bodies over time.随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。
◎build up逐渐增加；建立；开发[语境感悟]
①Their achievements have built up my confidence and determination in my career.
他们取得的成就增强了我对事业的信心和决心。
②What do you do to build up your body in the morning？你早晨做什么来强身健体？
③He has built up a good reputation in doing business.
在生意场上他已树立了良好的声誉。[归纳拓展]
build (oneself) up to sth. 为……做准备
build oneself up 增强体质
build up a fame 建立名声
build up one’s health/body 增进健康
build...on 把……作为基础[知识延伸]
与up搭配的动词短语
turn up 调大
set up 建立
make up 编造；化妆
bring up 抚养；呕吐
take up 占据；从事
pick up 拾起；偶然学会；用车接某人④He was brought up in the countryside.
他在农村长大。
⑤A new school has been set up in the village.
该村新建一所学校。[做一做]
◎完成句子
①The old man________________by having a walk every day.
老人每天散步来强健身体。
②These memories are，in fact，an attempt on his part to________his own image.
这本所谓回忆录实际上是为他自己树碑立传。
答案 ①builds up his body ②build up ③He is good at_____________________.
他擅长编造故事。
④We______________________this business after ten years’ struggle.
经过10年拼搏后我们建立了这家公司。
答案 ③making up stories ④built up4．Many of these chemicals can lead_to cancer or other illnesses.
这些化学物质中很多会引起癌症或其他疾病。
◎lead to导致，造成(后果)[语境感悟]
①Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up.
这样的形势带来的是打破科技巨头垄断的呼声。
②Studying babies’ play may lead to a better understanding of science.
研究小孩的游戏可能会导致对科学有更好的理解。[归纳拓展]
lead a．..life 过……的生活
lead...to/into... 把……领到/领进……
lead sb.to do... 使某人做……
lead the way 引路；带路[知识延伸]
lead to中的to为介词，其后跟doing作介词宾语
类似短语：
devote...to...把……贡献于……
look forward to...期盼……
stick to等待
be used to习惯于
come to来到；涉及
refer to参阅
contribute to导致；为……做出贡献
同义词：result in，bring about，cause，contribute to[做一做]
◎完成句子
①Questioning can________________for an answer.
质疑能够促进对答案的探索。
②As a scientist，he________________all his life.
作为一名科学家，他一生过着繁忙的生活。
答案 ①lead to searching ②leads a busy life ③He________________that he had a lot of influence.
他让我相信他很有影响力。
④How can you make small talk__________or job?
你怎么能让小的谈话促进新的友谊或工作呢？
答案 ③led me to believe ④lead to a new friendship 5．They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.
他们主要是想保持土壤肥沃且免受病害。
◎focus n．焦点；中心点
vt.集中；聚焦[语境感悟]
①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)We were respectful of craft(技艺)and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.我们尊重技艺，并且全神贯注于挖掘我们将要扮演的人物。
②If we find those materials interesting，we’ll focus our attention on them for long.
如果我们发现那些材料有趣，我们的注意力就会长时间集中在它们身上。[归纳拓展]
(1)focus one’s attention on... 集中注意力于……
(2)bring/throw sth.into focus 使某物明朗化；使某物突出
come into focus (使某事)成为焦点
the focus of attention 关注的焦点
be in/off focus 焦点对准(没有对准)③The discussion focuses on the trade war between China and America.此次讨论集中在中美贸易战上。
④I regret not having focused my attention on my study.
我后悔没把我的注意力用在学习上。[知识延伸]
同义词：pay attention to，fix one’s attention on，put one’s heart into...，concentrate...on...[做一做]
◎句型转换
①The students should fix their attention on what the teacher is saying during class.
→The students should________their attention________what the teacher is saying during class.
②Your mind should be concentrated on how to solve the problem quickly.
→Your mind should be________ ________how to solve the problem quickly.
答案 ①focus；on ②focused on ◎语法填空
③If you focus bright sunlight________dry wood with a magnifying glass，it will start burning.
④－Look！Another terrible mistake again！Why?
－Sorry，sir.My attention wasn’t________(focus) on your speech just now.
答案 ③on ④focused6．A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.肥沃的土壤减少了病害，并且有助于农作物的茁壮成长。
◎reduce vt.减少；减缩[语境感悟]
①Simple improvements to infrastructure can reduce the spread of disease.
基础设施稍微的改善就能减少疾病的传播。
②The workforce has been reduced by half.
劳动力已经减少了一半。
③The price of that type of air-conditioner has been reduced to 1,000 yuan.
那种型号的空调的价格已经下降到了一千元。[归纳拓展]
(1)reduce...by 把……减少了……
reduce...to... 把……降到……
reduce...from...to... 把……从……减少到……
reduce the speed 降低速度
(2)reduction n. 减少；缩小[知识延伸]
同义词：decrease，cut down，lessen
反义词：increase，raise，add[做一做]
◎语法填空
①Because of the bad management，the production of the company was reduced______14,000_____1,000 last month.
②To avoid any danger，the driver drove his car by reducing the speed________half.
③To make both ends meet，they had to reduce the expense________1,000 yuan per month.
答案 ①from；to ②by ③to7．This also keeps the air，soil，water and crops free_from chemicals.这还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。
◎keep...free from/of...使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)[语境感悟]
①You’d better keep this area free of air pollution.
你们最好让这个地区免受空气污染。
②They like living in a village，free from/of crowds and noises.他们喜欢住在村子里，远离人群和喧闹。[归纳拓展]
keep sb./sth.from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事/防止某事发生
keep sth.from sb. 不想将某事告诉某人；将某事瞒着某人
be free from/of 不受……伤害
for free/free of charge 免费
free sb./sth.from/of sth. 使……解除/去除……
set free 释放[做一做]
◎完成句子
①Your order will be delivered______________________
within a ten-mile limit.
在10英里范围之内，您的订货将免费送货上门。
②These exercises help________the body__________tension.
这些锻炼可以使紧张的身体放松。
③I think all caged birds should__________________________.
我认为所有关在笼里的鸟儿都应该被放出去。
答案 ①free of charge/for free ②to free；from ③be set free8．They often change the kind of crop in each field every_few_years，for example，growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans.
他们通常每隔几年就换种农作物，比如在种玉米或小麦后的一年种豌豆或大豆。
◎every few years每隔几年[知识延伸]
every与数词或few，other连用，表示时间或空间的间隔，主要结构如下：
①every＋基数词＋复数名词，表示“每……；每隔……”。
every four years每四年；每隔三年
every ten metres每十米；每隔九米
Take the medicine every five hours.
每5小时服药一次。②every＋序数词＋单数名词，表示“每……；每隔……”。
every third year(＝every three years)每三年；每隔两年
③every＋other＋单数可数名词，表示“每隔一……”every other day(＝every two days＝every second day)
每两天；每隔一天
every other year(＝every two years)
每两年；每隔一年
④every＋few＋复数名词，表示“每隔几……”
every few days每隔几天[做一做]
◎完成句子
①They planted a tree ____________ along the road.
他们沿着路每隔几米种一棵树。
②Do you go home __________/________/__________？
你每隔一月回家一次吗？
答案 ①every few metres ②every two months/other month/second month1．Recently，however，scientists have_been_finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and，even more dangerous，to people’s health.然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。
have been finding是现在完成进行时。［典型句式］①Because of illness，he has been lying in bed all day.
由于生病，他整天都躺在床上。
②They have been building the bridge for two months.
两个月来他们一直在建桥。[规律总结]
现在完成进行时have been doing表示某动作一直进行到现在或仍要继续，但没有任何必然结果。而现在完成时have done表示某动作已完成，且有必然结果，达到预期目的。
①－Look，how dirty you are!
——看！你真脏！
－I have been cleaning the house all the afternoon.
——整个下午我一直打扫房间。
②We have decorated the new flat and will move in tomorrow.我们已装修完公寓，明天入住。[做一做]
◎翻译句子
①这是你的词典，谢谢你的帮助。我刚刚买了一本。
__________________________________
②我很累，今天一直在田野干活。
__________________________________
答案 ①Here is your dictionary.Thanks for your help！I have just bought one.
②I’m tired.I have been working all day in the field.2．Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil，making_it_ready_for_crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于种植要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。[句式分析]
本句中making it...为现在分词短语作结果状语，表示前面的情况所造成的必然结果，相当于and make it ready for crops...；that引导定语从句，修饰wheat or corn。①Many people from all over the world have moved to America，making it the most multicultural country in the world.来自世界各地的很多人去了美国，使之成为世界上最多元文化的国家。
②He cut off the wire，preventing a big fire.
他剪断电线，阻止了一场大火。[知识延伸]
动词不定式也可表示结果，但其结果往往是出乎意料的，且常用only来修饰。
He hurried to the station，only to be told the train had left five minutes before.他匆匆忙忙赶往车站，结果被告知火车五分钟前已出发了。[做一做]
◎完成句子
①There happened a terrible accident，_________
(一死两伤)．
②He manage to return to his homeland，________________(结果发现) his old house was in ruins.
答案 ①causing one death and two injuries ②only to find本讲结束
请按ESC键返回［综合训练·能力提升］Unit 2 Working the land
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
[随堂巩固]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1． This included digging up the road，________(lay) the track and then________(build) a strong roof over the top.
2．There is no use________(keep) silent about such a matter.
3．His________(not get) to the station on time made everyone worried last week.
4．The teacher told the students to stop________(write) and ________(listen) to him.
5．He succeeded in________(persuade) her to do the job.
6．Seeing the funny scene，I can’t help________(laugh)．
7．I regret________(tell) you that my sister regrets____________(make) you her date.You are not the kind of person she wants.
8．The book is worth________(read)a second time.
9．We are looking forward to________(hear) from Mr.Li.
10．The windows haven’t been cleaned for a long time.
They need________________(clean)．
答案 1.laying；building 2.keeping 3.not getting
4．writing；to listen 5.persuading 6.laughing 7.to tell；making 8.reading 9.hearing 10.cleaning/to be cleaned
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．It is no good________________________(把废纸放入)the dustbin，which should be used again.(put)
2．It is fun________________(玩雪)on the hill with my classmates.(play)
3．Can you imagine__________________(汤姆说出这样的话)？(say)
4．It’s a waste of time________________(争论此事)．(argue)
5．I don’t remember__________________(曾被给过一次机会做这件事)．(give)
6．He insisted on____________________(被派到乡下工作)．(send)
7．After work Yuan Longping enjoys____________(听音乐)．(listen)
8．The girl__________________(练习拉小提琴)every evening.(practise)
9．Please remember____________(把这封信寄出去)this morning.(post)．
10．________________(找工作)is difficult these days.(find)
答案 1.putting the waste paper into 2.playing with snow 3.Tom/Tom’s saying such a thing 4.arguing about it 5.having ever been given a chance to do it
6．being sent to work in the countryside 7.listening to music 8.practises playing the violin 9.to post the letter 10．Finding work
Ⅲ.语法填空
I crossed the street to avoid__1__(meet) him，but he saw me and came__2__(run) towards me.__3__was no use pretending that I had not seen him，so I waved to him.I never enjoy__4__(meet) Nigel Dykes.He never has anything to do.No matter how busy you are，he always insists on__5__(come) with you.I had to think of a way to prevent him from__6__(follow) me around all morning.
“Hello，Nigel，”I said.“Fancy__7__(meet) you here！”
“Hi，Elizabeth，” Nigel answered.“I was just wondering how to spend the morning－until I saw you.You’re not busy__8__(do) anything，are you？”
“No，not at all，” I answered.“I’m going to...”
“Would you mind my__9__(come) with you？” he asked，before I finished__10__(speak)．
“Not at all，” I lied，“but I’m going to the dentist.”
“Then I’ll come with you，” he answered.“There’s always plenty to read in the waiting room！”
答案 1.meeting 2.running 3.It 4.meeting 5．coming 6.following 7.meeting 8.doing 9.coming
10．speaking
[限时训练]
[限时30分钟]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Guam is a beautiful，small island in the Pacific Ocean.You’ll find happy songbirds，clear blue water，and leafy forest there.But the small island has a big problem：snakes.There are about 2 million brown tree snakes living in Guam.
The snakes likely arrived in the 1940s.They probably slipped (滑行) unseen onto ships and planes heading to Guam.Once there，the snakes laid eggs.Snake families grew.The snakes have no natural enemies to eat them on Guam.Soon，the island was covered with these snakes.
The brown tree snake has had a devastating effect.The snakes eat birds.There used to be 12 kinds of birds on the island.But these snakes have killed off nine kinds of the birds.The snakes can grow to be 10 feet long.They often bite humans.They climb onto power lines and make the electricity go out.This causes millions of dollars in damage.
Scientists have tried many different ways to control the number of snakes.They have used snake traps and snake-sniffing dogs.Nothing seemed to work.Nothing，that is，until they found a surprising secret weapon(武器)：killer mice.
Scientists found out that there is one easy way to kill brown tree snakes.They could give them a medicine called Tylenol.People take Tylenol for headaches and other pains.Even a little bit of Tylenol can kill a brown tree snake.
But how would scientists get the tree snakes to eat Tylenol？They came up with a plan.First，the experts put the medicine into dead mice.Then they attached each mouse to a mini paper parachute(降落伞)．Planes dropped the mice over Guam.The parachutes got caught in the trees.The mice became dinner for the snakes that live there.
Has it worked？So far，research shows that there are fewer snakes because of the mice.The worry is that it may be too late to clear the snakes，but Mr.Vice from Guam’s Department of Agriculture says this should not stop the islanders from trying.“Our long-term goal is to kill the snake off completely，” he says.
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文。棕树蛇给关岛上的居民和动物带来严重的困扰。为了除掉它们，科学家使用了体内装有泰诺这种药物的死老鼠。
1．What can we learn about the brown tree snakes?
A．They were shipped to Guam on purpose.
B．They were not native to Guam.
C．They were at risk in the 1940s.
D．They grew very slowly.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The snakes likely arrived in the 1940s...Snake families grew.”可知，棕树蛇是关岛的外来物种。
答案 B
2．What does the underlined word “devastating” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Magical. B．Damaging.
C．Short-term. D．Interesting.
解析 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“There used to be 12 kinds of birds on the island...This causes millions of dollars in damage.”可知，棕树蛇对关岛上的动物有毁灭性的影响。
答案 B
3．What was a more workable way to kill the brown tree snakes?
A．Letting them eat Tylenol carried by mice.
B．Putting Tylenol in the trees.
C．Bringing in their enemies.
D．Using snake traps.
解析 推理判断题。根据第五段中的 “Even a little bit of Tylenol can kill a brown tree snake.”及第六段中的“experts put the medicine into dead mice”和最后一段中的“So far，research shows that there are fewer snakes because of the mice.”可知，科学家在关岛上投放了大量的体内含有泰诺药的死老鼠，棕树蛇会把这些死老鼠当作食物吃掉，这样死老鼠体内的药物就会杀死这些蛇，这种方法有效地减少了棕树蛇的数量。
答案 A
4．What does Mr.Vice think of solving this snake problem?
A．He is proud of it.
B．He is hopeful of it.
C．He is doubtful about it.
D．He is unconcerned about it.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Mr.Vice from Guam’s Department of Agriculture...‘Our long-term goal is to kill the snake off completely，’ he says”可知，Vice对消灭关岛上的棕树蛇抱有希望。
答案 B
Ⅱ.阅读填句
Traveling is a very enjoyable experience as it provides an opportunity to see new things.__1__The following article discusses the advantages of traveling.
Traveling gives you the opportunity to disconnect from your regular life.People all have crazy schedules，work and a family to take care of，and traveling alone or with some friends can give you distance and perhaps even make you realize how important these people are to you.
__2__
Another great benefit is the relaxation you get.__3__When you come back you feel energetic and you are happy to be back to your daily routine.
__4__They will create a bond that nothing can erase no matter what happens to the friendship/relationship.You can create photo albums and when you feel nostalgic (对往事怀恋的) you can experience the trips again by looking at your pictures.
It’s never been this cheap to travel.With increasing oil prices the cheap travel era might be coming to an end.__5__With the Internet and all the new technology，you can plan your trip exactly the way you want it.You can choose your budget，the duration of the trip and what you want to do.
A．It’s nice to enjoy a stress-free time.
B．As the saying goes，you never know what you have until you lose it.
C．When traveling with friends or family it creates memories of a lifetime.
D．Discovering different values and ways to get by in life is really interesting.
E．Going on a trip means that you are most likely going to spend time outside.
F．However，there are still many budget airlines fighting for your dollar right now.
G．There are many benefits other than enjoying yourself that can be realized when you travel.
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文，介绍了旅行的好处。
1．解析 根据上下文，文章开头谈到旅行能为你提供欣赏新事物的机会，是一种愉快的经历，空格后文章接下来谈论旅行的好处，故此处承上启下，谈论旅行除了让你玩得开心之外还有其他好处。
答案 G
2．解析 根据上文，谈到旅行使人有机会脱离常规的生活，独自或与朋友一起旅行可以给你距离感甚至意识到这些人对你有多重要，故此处谈正如名言所说的那样，人总是在失去时才懂得珍惜，回应上句的内容。
答案 B
3．解析 根据上文，旅行的另一个重大益处是你能得到放松，故此处进一步谈你能享受没有压力的时间是非常好的，即放松自我。
答案 A
4．解析 根据下文，此处作为主题句与朋友或家人旅行时可以留下终生难忘的美好回忆。
答案 C
5．解析 根据上下文，上文谈到旅行成本越来越高，下文谈你可以通过网络或高科技选择自己旅行的支出预算，故此处谈的是有很多适合你的经济情况的航班等。
答案 F
Ⅲ.语法填空
Our weather is changing.It doesn’t cause a particular drought or storm，but it makes such events more or less likely，and in the case of heat waves，__1__lot more likely.The extraordinary heat wave that__2__(kill) some 70,000 people in Europe in 2003 should have been a once-in-500-years event；at the current level of global warming，it has become a once-in-40-years event，according to a study__3__(publish) last year.In Paris alone，that analysis found，climate change caused 506 extra __4__(die) in 2003.If it continues unchecked，another recent study said，by late this century people living along the Persian Gulf may face many days__5__hot that it will be unsafe__6__(go) outside.
It’s not just the heat：Global warming adds moisture (湿气) to the air，__7__(remove) it from land and ocean.When rain is lacking (缺乏)，it makes the drought even__8__(bad)．When rain or snow falls，it’s more likely to be extreme；just think__9__the 2016 floods in Paris or Houston.How climate change affects hurricanes and other tropical cyclones (热带气旋) is less certain.But by__10__(heat) the ocean－the storm’s energy source－it’s likely to make them fiercer，if less frequent.
答案 1.a 2.killed 3.published 4.deaths 5.so 6．to go 7.removing 8.worse 9.of 10.heating
Ⅳ.书面表达
根据下面的提示为“绿叶”有机蔬菜生产基地写一篇100个词左右的介绍性海报：
1．坐落在城西；历经20年已经发展成为占地1 000多亩的大农场；
2．配备有现代化的设施；生产过程中不使用任何化肥；
3．富含营养；产品出口到几十个国家；
4．联系方式：Tel：666888123 E-mail：Green Leaf @ Green Leaf.com。
Poster
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
Poster
Have you ever dreamt of tasting organic vegetables without chemical fertilizer every day？Please go to Green Leaf－an organic vegetable base.
Located in the west of the city，it has expanded to a farm covering an area of more than 1,000 mu in the past two decades.And it has been equipped with advanced facilities.What makes it different from others is that the vegetables here are grown without any chemical fertilizer.The rich soil makes these vegetables full of nutrition；as a result，they are exported to many countries in the world.
If you are interested，please contact us in the following ways.
Tel：666888123
E-mail：Green Leaf @ Green Leaf.com.
课件36张PPT。Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing一、动词-ing形式作主语
1．动词-ing形式作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词用单数。
Reading aloud is very important in learning English.
朗读在学习英语时非常重要。
Writing English novels for him is really great fun.
对他来说，写英语小说真有趣。2．动词-ing作主语和不定式作主语一样，也可以用it作形式主语。
在It is no use/no good/fun/a waste of time/hard work等后常接动名词作真正的主语。
It is no good waiting for other people to make decisions for you.
等别人替你做决定是没有用的。
It is fun swimming in a river or lake in summer.
夏天在河里或湖里游泳很有趣。特别提示 (1)在It is useless/worthwhile后既可接动名词也可接不定式作主语。
It’s useless arguing/to argue with them.
跟他们争论是无济于事的。(2)动词-ing形式和不定式都可以作主语，动词-ing形式作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。作宾语时的情况也是如此。例如：
Playing with fire is dangerous.
玩火危险。(泛指)
Be careful！To play with fire will be dangerous.
小心点！玩火会带来危险。(指一具 体动作) 二、动词-ing形式作宾语
1．作动词的宾语。可接动名词作宾语的常见动词可用下面的口诀记住：
喜欢考虑要想像(enjoy，consider，imagine)
停止冒险可避免(stop，risk，avoid)
要求完成不推延(require，finish，delay)
承认建议勤操练(admit，suggest，practise)
逃避介意可原谅(escape，mind，excuse)
忍受保持不喜欢(stand，keep，dislike)
其他还有advise，allow，permit，miss，appreciate等。I don’t like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio.
我不喜欢看电视，但是喜欢听收音机。
He tried to avoid answering my questions.
他试图对我的问题避而不答。2．英语中有一些短语动词也常跟v.-ing形式作宾语。
常接v.-ing作宾语的短语动词有：
keep on继续 insist on坚持
stick to坚持 be worth值得
give up放弃 put off推迟
object to反对 lead to导致
can’t help禁不住 devote...to贡献于contribute...to致力于
get down to开始认真做……
get used to习惯于
look forward to盼望
pay attention to注意
succeed in在……成功
spend time/money(in)doing...花时间/金钱做……waste time/money(in)doing...在……上浪费时间/金钱
have difficulty/trouble(in)doing...做……有困难/麻烦
Since the examination is around the corner，I have to give up doing sports.
既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。
The old couple have got used to living in the countryside.这对老夫妇已习惯生活在乡下了。3．有些动词和短语动词后跟动词不定式和动名词作宾语皆可，但含义不同。常见的有：Try to write better in your exam.
考试时尽量要写得更好些。
Since the front door won’t open，why not try opening the back door?
前门打不开，为何不试一试后门呢？4．动词need，require，want表示“需要”时，其后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语，意义没有区别。
The window needs/requires/wants cleaning.
＝The window needs/requires/wants to be cleaned.三、动词-ing形式的否定形式和复合结构
1．动词-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，带有逻辑主语时not应该在动词-ing形式之前。
You have no excuse for not going.
你没有理由不去。
He was punished for not having done his homework.
他因未完成作业而受到惩罚。2．动词-ing形式的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动名词，即“sb./sb.’s＋doing”构成。动名词的复合结构实际上是给动名词加了一个逻辑主语。3．动词-ing形式的复合结构有四种形式：
①形容词性物主代词＋动名词；
②名词’s＋动名词；
③代词宾格＋动名词；
④名词＋动名词。
Mary’s being late for class made her teacher angry.
玛丽上课迟到使她的老师很生气。
Would you mind my opening the window?
你介意我打开窗户吗？特别提示 (1)动名词的复合结构可在句中作主语或宾语。作主语时，不能用③④两种形式；作宾语时都可以。
(2)当动名词的逻辑主语是没有生命的东西时，通常不用物主代词或名词所有格形式，即①②两种形式。
I look forward to it getting warmer in spring.
我盼望春天天气变暖。[典例1] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by________(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements.
[解析] 句意：科学家们对此作出了回应，他们指出饥饿的北极熊可能正在人类的定居点附近聚集。设空处作介词by的宾语，故用v.-ing形式，即by doing sth.“通过做某事”。
[答案] noting[典例2] (2019·江西九校联考)Great attention will keep on________(pay) to China’s economic growth performance in 2019.
[解析] 句意：2019年中国经济增长表现将继续受到高度关注。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语。keep on后需加动名词作宾语，本句中Great attention与pay为被动关系，设空处需填动名词的被动形式，故填being paid。
[答案] being paid[典例3] ________(understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.
[解析] 句意：对你自己的交流需求及交流风格加以理解和学会表达你的爱和情感一样重要。本题考查非谓语动词作主语。逻辑主语与understand之间为主动关系，设空处需用非谓语动词的主动形式。
[答案] Understanding [典例4] One learns a language by making mistakes and________(correct) them.
[解析] 句意：一个人语言的学习是通过犯错误并改正错误来实现的。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语。介词by后为动名词making，and表示并列关系，因此and前后的非谓语动词形式应保持一致。
[答案] correcting 海报通常由三部分组成，即标题、正文和落款。
1．海报的标题是海报宣传的“窗口”，因此，标题的撰写应尽量做到简洁明了，新颖醒目，能一下子吸引读者的注意力和兴趣。通常有两种写法，一种是使用POSTER(海报)一词，另一种是根据海报的内容撰写标题；如何写海报2．海报的正文是海报的核心部分，是对海报标题的具体描述，应抓住五个要点(什么时间、什么地点、有何事情、谁来参加和注意事项)；
3．海报的落款要写明主办单位——学生会及撰写日期。海报是我们在日常生活中经常用来告知信息的一种广告形式，它言简意赅，方便实用，深受人们的喜爱。其内容多为各类赛事、文艺演出以及买卖信息等。 海报应具备的基本要素：
（1）开门见山，主题突出。海报重在简洁、醒目和有感染力，为了做到这一点，可以用适当的关键词突出主题，同时要删除可有可无的内容。
（2）叙事要清楚、简明扼要，海报正文多采用单词或短语形式，尽量不使用长句或有可能引起歧义和争议的词语或句子。（3）通知的事情要真实可信并且格式正确。出海报的日期通常放在正文的左下角，海报上的日期一般有两种写法，如1st April,2019或April 1st,2019。我们一般在上方居中处写上主题词作为标志，字母可全大写也可仅首字母大写。有时会把通知人或单位写在正文的右下方，但也可放在正文上面。【写作任务】
为促进我校师生的英语学习，我们将举办英语晚会，请你以学生会的名义写一份英语海报，欢迎全校师生参加。
内容：1.晚会时间：下星期五晚7：00～9：00；
2．晚会地点：学校大会议室；3．晚会节目：英语故事、英语歌曲、英语诗歌及短剧等。届时还邀请在本校工作的加拿大教师格林夫妇参加晚会，他们将表演精彩的节目。
注意：1.海报的格式；
2．写海报的时间是2019年3月2日。【写作步骤】
Ⅰ.关键词语
1．促进英语学习______________________
2．……应邀来……____________________
3．务必/一定会_______________________
4．观看各种节目______________________
[参考示例] 1.improve one’s English 2.be invited to 3．be sure to 4.watch many different kinds of programmesⅡ.连词成句
1．为了促进师生的英语学习，我校在大会议室举办英语晚会。(用in order to)
____________________，an English evening will be held in our school meeting hall.
2．在本校工作的加拿大教师格林夫妇也应邀参加晚会。(用现在分词或定语从句)
Mr.and Mrs.Green from Canada，______________________________，will also be invited to our evening. 3．欢迎大家参加，届时你一定会欣赏到很多精彩的节目。(用be sure to)
Welcome to the party and ____________________ enjoy yourself by watching many different kinds of wonderful programmes.
[参考示例] 1.In order to improve our English
2．working in our school/who are working in our school 3．you are sure to Ⅲ.连句成篇
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________本讲结束
请按ESC键返回［综合训练·能力提升］课件8张PPT。Father of Hybrid Rice－Yuan Longping
Yuan Longping，a Chinese scientist，was born in 1930.Professor Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953 and since then he has devoted himself to agricultural education and research.Professor Yuan was a pioneer in hybrid rice research and made remarkable achievements in this area，first developing hybrid rice in the world.The achievements of Yuan Longping greatly solved the food shortage，and provided a solution to the worldwide starvation.It is regarded as the fifth invention after China’s Four Major Inventions，and is acclaimed as (被誉为) the Second Green Revolution.Yuan Longping was the first person to develop hybrid rice.The new technology was tested in many areas of South China in 1974 and 1975，and then extended to the other areas.China became the first country that is capable of producing hybrid rice.Yuan Longping is the first scientist who successfully realized large-scale farming of hybrid rice.This earned him the title “Father of Hybrid Rice”．His pioneering work in hybrid rice breeding and production techniques has revolutionized rice cultivation in China，establishing China’s world leading position in hybrid rice research.At present，the hybrid rice developed by Yuan is planted on the farmlands all over China，which played an important role in increasing China’s grain production.These increased harvests mean that 22% of the world population are fed from just 7% of the world’s total farmland.根据短文完成下列问题
1．What role does his hybrid rice play in China?
______________________________________
______________________________________
答案 1.His hybrid rice made it possible that 22% of the world population are fed from just 7% of the world’s total farmland.2．Do you want to be a scientist on farming in the future？Give your reasons.
____________________________________
____________________________________
答案 2．The answers may vary.课件27张PPT。单元小结 重点复习Ⅰ.重点词汇
1．struggle vi.& n．________________
struggle against/with和……作斗争
struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来
struggle for为……而努力/挣扎
struggle to do sth.努力做某事
例如：The old woman fell on the ground and she struggled to her feet.
那位老太太摔倒在地，她挣扎着站起来。
答案 1.斗争；拼搏；努力 2．expand vt.& vi.使变大；伸展
________________n．膨胀
expand to扩展到
expand into扩张成为
expand on进一步论述
答案 2.expansion 3．circulate vi.& vt.循环；流传
________________n．循环
circulate...to...向……传播
circulate among在……中间流通
in circulation流通
put...into circulation把……投入流通
答案 3.circulation 4．thanks to________________
同义词组：due to，as a result of，owing to，because of
例如：Thanks to his sister’s advice，he has made great progress in his English.
幸亏他姐姐的建议，他的英语取得了很大进步。
答案 4.幸亏；由于；因为 5．be satisfied with对……感到满意
be satisfied to do sth.对做某事感到满意
satisfy the needs/demands of sb.满足某人的需要/需求
be satisfied that...确信……
________________n．满意
to one’s satisfaction令某人满意的是
satisfying adj.令人满意的
satisfactory adj.令人满意的
答案 5.satisfaction 6．would rather宁愿；宁可
would rather do...than do...宁愿做……而不愿做……
would rather后接从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望；用过去完成时表示过去的愿望。
例如：He would rather that his father stayed at home.
他宁愿他的父亲待在家里。
7．therefore adv.因此；所以；因而
同义词：so，thus8．equip vt.& vi.装配；配备
equip...with...________________
equip...for...给……配备
be fully/well/poorly/specially equipped装备齐全/完好/较差/独特
________________n．设备
例句：We have to equip our office with a printer，don’t we？我们办公室应该配备有一台打印机，不是吗？
答案 8.用……装备……；equipment 9．regret vt.遗憾；惋惜
n．惋惜；懊悔
regret doing sth.________________
regret to do sth.________________
to one’s regret________________
with regret________________
答案 9.后悔做了某事；遗憾去做某事；使某人感到遗憾/可惜的是；遗憾地 regretful adj.感到后悔的
regrettable adj.令人遗憾的，可惜的
例如：Do you regret helping a person like him?
你后悔帮助过像他那样的人吗？
10．lead to导致；造成(后果)
take the lead in sth.在某方面领先
(be) in the lead领先
leadership n．领导11．focus on________________
in focus焦点对准
out of focus模糊的
bring...into focus给……对好焦距
例如：All his attention was focused on what he was doing.
他所有的注意力都集中在他正在做的事情。
答案 11.集中(注意力、精力等)于
12．reduce vt.减少；减缩
be reduced to沦落为，减少/降低到
be reduced by减少/降低了
reduction n．缩小；减少
make a reduction减价
13．comment n．& v．评论；议论
comment on对……发表
no comment无可奉告
例如：They never comment on what I’m doing.
他们从未对我做的事情进行评论。
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．________________幸亏；由于；因为
2．________________使……摆脱或除去
3．________________对……感到满意
4．________________宁愿；宁可
5．________________逐渐增强；建立；开发
6．________________导致；造成(后果)
7．________________集中(注意力、精力等)于
8．________________使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)thanks to rid...of be satisfied with would rather build up lead to focus on keep...free from/of Ⅲ.重点句型
1．________ ________，what did you do to grow them?
如果种过，你是如何种的？
2．Yuan Longping grows________ ________ __________super hybrid rice.
袁隆平种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。
答案 1.If so 2.what is called 3．This special strain of rice________ ________possible________ ________20% more of the crop in the same fields.
这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获20%的产量。
4．Using his hybrid rice，farmers are producing harvests________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。
答案 3.makes it；to produce 4．twice as large as before 5．Over the past half century，using chemical fertilizers________ ________ ________ ________in farming.
在过去的半个世纪里，在耕作中使用化肥已经很普遍。
答案 5.has become very commonⅣ.重点语法
The -ing form as the Subject and Object(-ing形式作主语和宾语)
1．I can imagine him________(drive) his new car.
2．________(get) water from wet to dry places is necessary.
答案 1.driving 2.Getting 3．________(learn) more about farming is not difficult.
4．He admitted________(make) a terrible mistake.
5．How I regret________(talk) with that old man about the accident.
答案 3.Learning 4.making 5.talkingⅤ.功能
Persuasion(劝说)
I’d rather...我宁愿……
I’d prefer...because...我更喜欢……因为……
If I have a choice I’ll choose...如果我可以选择，我将选择……
It’s better to...最好……
I don’t like...because...我不喜欢……因为……
It’s a great pity that...……真是遗憾。You need to...你需要……
The advantages are...好处是……
What’s the advantage of...？……的好处是什么？书面表达写作技巧(Ⅰ)
书面表达在英语考试中有着重要的地位，对于考生的英语成绩起着举足轻重的作用。那么我们怎样才能写出一篇好的书面表达呢？
一、认真审题
就是认真分析试题所提供的情景(包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等)及书面表达的形式(一般分为图画、图表、提纲等)。二、确定文章中心
审题的同时，还要注意从所给材料中提炼出本篇书面表达的中心。一般来讲，文段的中心不会超出中学生的学习、生活中的所见所闻。三、取舍信息
确定了主题之后，就要依据所需文体(多为应用文、记叙文或说明文)，围绕主题筛选已经获取的信息，以突出重点。绝不要遗漏重点内容，同时可适当增添细节，突出主题。四、列举要点
确定信息后，在草稿纸上列出要点，以免因时间紧等原因而遗漏。这是评分标准规定的最主要标准，即是否“覆盖了所有内容要点”。
