Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars
Section Ⅰ Warming Up, Pre-reading and Reading
[随堂巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.This________(理论) helps to explain how animals communicate with each other.
2.The final cost could be as much as two________(十亿) dollars.
3.The________(猛烈的) winds buried the village in sand.
4.Across the________(地球), sea level varies by hundreds of feet.
5.An________(原子) is so small that we can not see it.
6.Smoking is________(有害的) to health，but some people cannot get rid of it.
7.Can you tell me when it came into________(产生)?
8.The new owners have tried to give the restaurant a more family-friendly________(气氛).
9.________(氧气) is a kind of gas which is necessary for most animals and plants to live.
10.I was surprised by the________(出席) of so many people at the meeting.
答案 1.theory 2.billion 3.violent 4.earth 5.atom 6.harmful 7.being 8.atmosphere 9.Oxygen 10.attendance
Ⅱ.用所给短语的适当形式填空
in time, lay eggs, give birth to, do harm to, prevent...from..., exist on, in one’s turn, it is one’s turn
1.She____________a lovely baby, which made her husband very happy.
2.The purpose of the safety belt is to____________the drivers______being injured when an accident happens.
3.The coach will, ____________， teach these students how to drive a car.
4.Keep on trying, and you will succeed____________.We all trust you.
5.Hens____________while cocks don’t－this is a natural rule.
6.After a long time wait, ____________to learn how to drive.
7.Sometimes, doing exercise violently____________health.
8.These families mainly____________their poor wages.
答案 1.gave birth to 2.prevent；from 3.in his turn 4.in time 5.lay eggs 6.it was her turn 7.does harm to 8.exist on
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.Air pollution will get worse and this____________；for example，it can cause cancer.(harmful)
空气污染会加剧，而且这会对人们造成危害，例如，它可以引发癌症。
2.____________________________________ deliver a speech in public.(turn)
轮到我在公众面前发表演讲了。
3.__________________________________________ that he seems a pleasant man.(what引导主语从句)
给我印象最深的是他看上去和蔼可亲。
4.The pop star sang ____________________________________again and again.(so...that)
这位流行音乐歌星唱得这样动听以至于人们要求他唱了一遍又一遍。
5.His father ___________________________________work in another city.(prevent)
他父亲阻止他去另一个城市工作。
答案 1.will be harmful to people 2.It’s my turn to 3.What impresses me most is 4.so beautifully that he was asked to sing 5.prevented him from going to
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
The earth was just 1.________cloud of dust after the “Big Bang”.The earth exploded 2.________(loud) with fire and rock.They were in time to produce many things, which were 3.________(make) the earth’s atmosphere.As the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.It allowed the earth to dissolve 4.________(harm) gases.Then life began to develop.
Small plants multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen.This encouraged the 5.__________(develop) of early shellfish and fish.Land animals such as insects, reptiles and dinosaurs 6.________(appear) after green plants appeared.Small clever animals spread all 7.________the earth.They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, 8.________prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.9.________life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can 10.__________(solve).
答案 1.a 2.loudly 3.to make 4.harmful 5.development 6.appeared 7.over 8.which 9.Whether 10.be solved
[限时训练]
[限时30分钟]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Scientists now believe there are some things in the sky that we will never see.We won’t see them with the biggest telescope in the world, on the clearest night of the year.That’s because they are invisible(不可见的).They are the mysterious dead stars called black holes.
You might find it hard to imagine that stars die.After all, our sun is a star.Year after year we see it up in the sky，burning brightly, giving us heat and light.The sun certainly doesn’t seem to be getting old or weak.But stars do burn out and die after billions of years.
As the star’s gases burn, they give off light and heat.But when the gases run out, the star stops burning and begins to die.As the star cools，the outer layers of the star pull in toward the center.The star squashes into(挤进) a smaller and smaller ball.Imagine if the earth were crushed(挤压) until it was the size of a tiny marble(玻璃弹子).That’s how tightly this dead star, a black hole, is packed(堆积).What pulls the star in toward its center with such power？It’s gravity.A black hole is so tightly packed that its gravity sucks in(吸进) everything－even light.The light from a black hole can never come back to your eyes.That’s why you see nothing but blackness.
[语篇解读] 文章简要讲述一些星星会消失。
1.Which of the following can explain how the star dies?
A.As the gases run out, it cools down.
B.As it collides(碰撞) with other stars，it crashes.
C.As it sucks in too much light, it explodes.
D.As it gets hotter and hotter, it explodes.
解析 细节理解题。从第三段的第二句话可知A项为正确答案。
答案 A
2.The underlined word “mysterious” in Paragraph 1 probably means________.
A.ordinary B.bright
C.strange D.common
解析 猜测词义题。由上一句That’s because they are invisible可以排除A、D项；由本句中的black holes可以排除B项。而C项符合句意。
答案 C
3.Which of the following is NOT a fact?
A.Black holes are dead stars.
B.Black holes have gravity.
C.The dead stars are tightly packed.
D.The sun won’t die even after billions of years.
解析 细节理解题。从第二段的最后两句话可知D项内容与事实不符，故本题答案为D项。
答案 D
4.What happens after a star dies?
A.It becomes invisible.
B.It falls to the earth.
C.It burns up all of its gases.
D.It becomes brighter and easier to see.
解析 推理判断题。从第三段可知A项为正确答案。
答案 A
B
Venus, the Wildest Adventure in 3016!
A trip to the moon, to Mars？You are out.Venus(金星) is your choice！Our spaceship carries you there at the speed of light!
Amazing Venus Facts
Temperature range：ALWAYS about 450 degrees Celsius.Great for barbecues!
Seasons：No seasons.Always visit during best season!
Gravity strength：0.91 of Earth’s gravity.Makes you lighter and more alive than ever!
Water：NONE.All boiled away.
Day length：1 day＝243 Earth days.Longest days in solar system, so fun never ends!
Rate of turning：0.002 km/second.Turns in opposite direction of the earth, so able to see sun rise in the west and set in the east.
Year length：1 year＝224.7 Earth days or 0.62 of an Earth year.
Rate of revolution：35.03 km/second.
Atmosphere：
△Very thick.
△96% carbon dioxide, 3% nitrogen, and 0.1% water vapor.
△Can’t support life：suffocating carbon dioxide, thick clouds of sulfuric acid, and gases create greenhouse effect so very hot and no water.
*Your Accommodations*
◎You will travel on a high-tech rocket ship that will transport you from Earth to Venus in a mere 2.4 minutes by traveling at the speed of light.This trip will cost only $750,000.
◎Our two hotels are very luxurious and are super strong, allowing you to lie on the ground without being crushed by the pressure of the atmosphere.They are called Venus Heaven and Rocket Palace, and the cost to stay is only $200 per night.You’ll get your money’s worth at these two hotels, receiving free meals every day.
To book a trip, call 1－800.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇应用文，介绍了3016年组织的一次到金星的冒险旅行并介绍了金星的一些情况。
5.What would you see if you faced east on Venus?
A.The rising sun. B.The circling earth.
C.The setting sun. D.The full moon.
解析 细节理解题。根据Amazing Venus Facts部分第六段第二句可知，在金星上面向东方可以看到日落。故C项符合题意。
答案 C
6.During the trip to Venus，you would pay nothing for________.
A.service B.food
C.the spaceship D.the hotel
解析 细节理解题。根据Your Accommodations部分第二段最后一句可知，在去金星旅行期间，你的食物不需要付费。故B项符合题意。
答案 B
7.Which section of a magazine is the text from?
A.Fashion circle. B.News report.
C.Modern art. D.Future world.
解析 文章出处题。根据文章的题目Venus, the Wildest Adventure in 3016！可知，这次旅行发生在一千年之后，由此可推知，这是未来的事情。故D项符合题意。
答案 D
Ⅱ.语法填空
I remember the night when our son was just five years old.It was his bedtime 1.________when I looked at the floor, I knew we had 2.________problem.Toys were all over the place.“Ian，” I said，“you need to pick up all toys 3.________going to bed.” But he said that he was too sleepy.
My 4.____________(immediately) response was not to force him 5.________(do) that.Instead, I went 6.________the bedroom, lay down, and said 7.________(merry)，“Ian, come here.Let’s play Humpty Dumpty.”
When he climbed up on my knees, I said，“Humpty Dumpty 8.________(sit) on a wall.Humpty Dumpty had a great fall.”And he fell.Ian laughed and said，“Let’s do it again.”Well, after the third “fall”， I said, “OK, but first go to tidy up those toys.”
Without 9.________(think), he ran into the living room and in ninety seconds he finished a job 10.____________could have taken half an hour.
We can finish any job when we have the “WANT TO”！
1.解析 考查并列连词。前后是转折关系，故用but。本句意：到了他该睡觉的时间了，但是当我看到地板时，我知道我们还有一个问题。
答案 but
2.解析 考查冠词。泛指“一个问题”，用不定冠词a。
答案 a
3.解析 考查介词。作者是让儿子在睡觉之前捡起所有的玩具，故用before，表示“在……之前”。
答案 before
4.解析 考查词性转换。修饰名词response用形容词。
答案 immediate
5.解析 考查非谓语动词(不定式)。force sb.to do sth.表示“强迫某人做某事”，为固定用法。
答案 to do
6.解析 考查固定短语。go into表示“走进”。作者走进了卧室。
答案 into
7.解析 考查词性转换。副词merrily修饰谓语动词said，意为“欢快地”。
答案 merrily
8.解析 考查时态。根据下一句中的had可知，这里也要用一般过去时。
答案 sat
9.解析 考查非谓语动词(动名词)。介词后接动名词作宾语，故用thinking。
答案 thinking
10.解析 考查定语从句。所填词引导定语从句修饰先行词job，并在从句中作主语，故用that或which。
答案 that/which
课件52张PPT。Section Ⅰ Warming Up, Pre-reading and ReadingⅠ.重点单词
1.____________ n. 天文学
2.____________ n. 系统；体系；制度
3.____________ n. 宗教；宗教信仰
____________ adj. 宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的
［基础自测］astronomysystemreligionreligious4.____________ adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的
____________ n. 暴力；暴行
5.____________ n. 大气层；气氛
6.____________ prep. 与……不同；不像
7.____________ adj. 基本的；基础的
8.____________ adj. 有害的
____________ n.&vt. 损害；危害
violentviolenceatmosphereunlikefundamentalharmfulharm9.____________ vi.&vt. 乘；增加
10.____________ vi. 生存；存在
11.____________ adv. 因此；于是
12.____________ vt.&vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难
n. 谜；难题
multiplyexistthuspuzzleⅡ.重点短语
1.________________ 及时；终于
2.________________ 冷却；使变凉；使缓和；平静下来
3.________________ 下蛋
4.________________ 产生；分娩
5.________________ 轮到某人
6.________________ 阻止；制止
7.________________ 依靠；依赖；取决于
in timecool downlay eggsgive birth toin one’s turnprevent...fromdepend onⅢ.重点句式
1.be to do...表示将要发生的动作
What____________________was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.
随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到38～45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢形成了一个固体的球状物。
it was to become2.make＋宾语＋宾补
This produced a chain reaction, which ________________________________.
这就产生了一种连锁反应，使得生命的发展成为可能。
made it possible for life to develop3.过去分词短语作后置定语
Others, __________________， were able to live on land as well as in the water.
另一些，被称作两栖动物，既能生活在水中，也能生活在陆地上。
called amphibians4.too...to...
As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become____________________.
由于这个原因，许多科学家相信地球可能会变得太热而不能居住。
too hot to live on5.whether引导主语从句
So________________________on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
所以在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续下去将取决于这个问题能否得到解决。
whether life will continue阅读课文，完成下列问题。
1.What’s the main idea of the text?
The passage mainly tells us___________________ __________________.
答案 the formation of the earth and the development of life on it［语篇理解］2.Match the main idea with the proper paragraph.
(1)Paragraph 1 A.How humans appeared and what effects they had on the earth.
(2)Paragraph 2 B.Water is very important to life on the earth.
(3)Paragraph 3 C.How the earth formed.
(4)Paragraph 4 D.How the plants and animals on the earth developed.
(5)Paragraph 5 E.It is widely accepted that the universe began with a “Big Bang”.
答案 (1)～(5) ECBDAⅠ.根据课文内容判断正(T)、误(F)
1.Human beings have known the origin of the earth clearly so far.
2.The appearance of water made it possible for plants and animals to live on the earth.
3.Plants first appeared on land and then in the water.
答案 FTF
4.Dinosaurs existed on the earth for over 140 thousand years.
5.It is human beings that are not looking after the earth very well and have caused global warming.
答案 FT
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1.Why was life able to develop on the earth but not on other planets?
A.Because the earth had a solid shape.
B.Because the earth did not have harmful gases in its atmosphere.
C.Because water stayed on the earth but not on other planets.
D.Because the earth was neither too hot nor too cold.
答案 C2.Why was it necessary for plants to grow before animals?
A.Because animals needed plants to protect them from the sun.
B.Because plants provided oxygen for animals to breathe.
C.Because animals could hide from hunters in the forest.
D.Because it was easier for plants to grow.
答案 B3.What is the correct order according to the passage?
①The clever animals with hands and feet appeared and spread all over the earth.
②The “Big Bang”.
③Small plants began to appear on the surface of the water.
④65 million years ago, the age of the dinosaurs ended.
A.②①③④ B.④③①②
C.②④③① D.②③④①
答案 D4.Early humans appeared after dinosaurs died out______million years later.
A.67.6 B.62.4
C.65 D.140
答案 B5.What is the main idea of the text?
A.The formation of the earth.
B.The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth.
C.The development of plants and animals on the earth.
D.The origin of life on the earth.
答案 D1.(教材P25)The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.
地球(开始)变得如此激烈动荡，以至于不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。
［核心词汇］◎violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的
(1)a violent attack/storm 猛烈的攻击/暴风骤雨
(2)violently adv. 猛烈地；凶猛地
violence n. 暴力；暴行；激情
with violence 猛烈地；强有力地
take...by violence 强夺……①He was caught in a violent storm yesterday.
他昨天碰上了暴风雨。
②The wind blew____________(violent) and the climbers had to give up.
风刮得很猛，登山队员们不得不放弃。
③The young man was charged with robbery________violence.这个年轻人被指控暴力抢劫。
答案 ②violently ③with
[语境串记] Tom was in violent pain.As a result, he behaved violently and treated everything with violence.
汤姆处于极度痛苦之中，因此他表现得很粗暴，一切都以暴力对待。
2.(教材P25～26)They were in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapor and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.
它们最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。
◎in time及时；终于；迟早
(1)in time作“终于；迟早”讲时，常单独使用，作状语。
(2)in time作“及时”讲时，后常跟for sth.或to do sth.。
①You will succeed in time as long as you don’t give up.
只要不放弃，你总有一天会成功。
②The doctor came in time________(save) his life.
医生及时赶到并抢救了他的生命。
③Lucky for him, he was just in time________the bus.
幸运的是，他及时赶上了公共汽车。
答案 ②to save ③for
[联想发散] time相关短语荟萃：
①from time to time 有时；偶尔
②at a time 每次
③in no time 立刻；马上
④at the same time 同时
⑤at one time 一度；从前
⑥at no time 绝不(置于句首时，句子常用部分倒装语序)
3.(教材P26)What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.
很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。
◎harmful adj.有害的
(1)be harmful to... 对……有害
(2)harm n.&vt. 伤害；损害
do harm to sb.＝do sb. harm 对某人有害
(3)harmless adj. 无害的
①Your smoking can be harmful to the health of your children.你吸烟会对孩子的健康有害。
②We all know that drinking too much ______________your health.众所周知，过量饮酒对你的身体有害。
③The medicine is harmful________children but____________(harm) to adults.
这种药对儿童有害，却对成年人没有什么害处。
答案 ②does harm to ③to；harmless
[语境串记] This object gives off harmful gases which may do harm to our health.You must make the object harmless before you use it.
此物会散发出有害气体，这些气体可能会损害我们的健康，你必须在使用它之前使它无害。
4.(教材P26)They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.
它们也生蛋，在地球上存在了1亿4千多万年。
◎exist vi.存在；生存
(1)exist in 存在于……中
exist on 靠……生活/生存
There exists... 存在……；有……
(2)existence n. 存在；生活
in existence 现存的；现有的
come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在
①Nothing exists on the moon as there is no water and no air.月球上没有东西生存，因为那里没有水和空气。
②He finds it hard to exist________the money he’s earning.他发现靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。
③Nobody knows when the earth came ________existence.没人知道地球是何时形成的。
答案 ②on ③into
[名师点津] exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也没有进行时。
5.(教材P26)Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.
于是，它们接着成了这个行星上最重要的动物。
◎in one’s turn轮到某人；接着
in turn 依次；轮流；转而；反过来
by turns 轮流；交替
take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事
It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
①It will be in Tom’s turn to be on duty tomorrow.
明天轮到汤姆值日。
②They took turns________(look) after their parents.
他们轮流照顾他们的父母。
③It’s my turn____________(deliver) a speech in public.轮到我在公众面前发表演讲了。
答案 ②to look ③to deliver
[名师点津] by turns是“交替；轮流”的意思，多指两个人或两个行为之间的交替进行；如果表示“按顺序”则应该用in turn。
6.(教材P26)They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.
他们把过多的二氧化碳排放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热量不能释放到太空中去。
◎prevent...from阻止；制止
stop...from (doing)... 制止……
keep...from (doing)... 阻止……
protect...from/against (doing)... 保护……免受……伤害
①No one can prevent this plan (from) being carried out.谁也不能阻止这个计划的实施。
②They were stopped from____________(enter) the burning building.
他们被阻止进入燃烧着的大楼。
③Soldiers have been sent to protect the crew____________attack.
已经派出士兵保护船员免遭袭击。
答案 ②entering ③against/from
[名师点津] 短语prevent/stop/protect...from...中的from可以省略，keep...from...中的from不能省略。但在被动结构中，from均不可省略。
7.(教材P27)How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.
地球上生命的起源是科学家们难以解决的最大疑惑之一。
◎puzzle n.谜；难题
vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难
(1)in a puzzle 感到困惑；不知如何是好
(be) a puzzle to sb. ……对某人来说仍是个谜
(2)puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索
(3)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的
puzzled adj. 感到迷惑的
be puzzled about 对……迷惑不解
①I’m in a puzzle as to how to get along with him.
对于如何和他相处使我感到困惑。
②Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle ________me.
他们为什么干那件事仍然让我费解。
③The student was puzzled________what to do next.
这个学生对下一步做什么伤透了脑筋。
答案 ②to ③about
[语境串记] The puzzled look on her face suggested she was puzzling over the puzzling math problem.
她脸上困惑的表情暗示了她正在思考那个令人困惑的数学问题。
1.This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.
这就产生了一个连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。
句中made it possible for life to develop属于“v.(动词)＋it＋adj.(宾补)＋to do”结构。该结构中，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。
［典型句式］(1)在“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可由名词或形容词、不带to的不定式、过去分词或介词短语充当。
①Praise makes good men better and bad men worse.
[谚语]表扬能使好人更好，坏人更坏。
②The police made them stand against the wall.
＝They were made by the police____________(stand) against the wall.
警察强迫他们靠墙站着。
答案 to stand
[名师点津] 当“make＋宾语＋do sth.”变为被动语态时，不定式符号“to”要还原。
(2)当该结构的宾语是不定式短语或从句时，多用it作形式宾语，而把不定式短语或从句后置。即：make＋it＋宾语补足语＋不定式短语或从句(宾语补足语由名词或形容词充当)。常用于此结构中的动词还有：think, believe, find, consider, feel等。
③I find it hard____________(remember) these words in a short time.
我发现在短时间内记住这些词很难。
④I must make________clear that I’ll always support you.
我必须说清楚我会一直支持你。
答案 ③to remember ④it
2.The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.
地球(开始)变得如此激烈动荡，以至于不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。
(1)句中whether...or not引导主语从句，it为形式主语。
①It matters little whether he likes it or not.
他喜不喜欢并没有什么关系。
(2)whether...(or not)引导的从句还可充当宾语、表语、同位语、状语等。
②I’ll see________________________________.
我来看看她在不在家。
③A person has the right to vote, ________________________________________.
一个人，无论是男是女，都拥有选举权。
答案 ②whether she’s at home ③whether the person is male or female
[综合训练·能力提升]本讲结束
请按ESC键返回Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars
Section Ⅱ Learning about Language & Using Language
[随堂巩固]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.A truck went out of control and________(碰撞) into the back of a bus.
2.The Blacks wanted to move to a warmer__________(气候).
3.The smell of new bread________(飘动) up from the kitchen.
4.This soap is very________(温和的) on the hands.
5.Don’t________(拉) so hard or the handle will go off.
6.As we all know, Qian Xuesen is a famous__________(物理学家).
7.In the wild, this fish can reach a________(重量) of 5 kilos.
8.His sister is studying________(生物学) at college.
9.Do you know the name of the________(卫星)?
10.The young man knows little about Newton’s law of ________(万有引力).
答案 1.crashed 2.climate 3.floated 4.gentle 5.pull 6.physicist 7.weight 8.biology 9.satellite 10.gravity
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.A big________(violence) earthquake occurred in Japan a few years ago.
2.I consider that it is________(harm) for students to play computer games, though some of them don’t think so.
3.________(like) his brother, he is talkative(健谈的) and has a sense of humour, while his brother seldom talks.
4.The__________ problem made the students present________.(puzzle)
5.Do you know the most valuable vase in____________(exist)?
6.Five__________(multiply) by seven is 35.
7.To us the whole________(global) is like a family.
8.If a person or thing is________(chain) to something, they are fastened to it with a chain.
答案 1.violent 2.harmful 3.Unlike 4.puzzling；puzzled 5.existence 6.multiplied 7.globe 8.chained
Ⅲ.短语选填
give birth to; be harmful to; in time; lay eggs; come into existence; at no time; prevent...from; in one’s turn; pull in; cheer...up
1.It was the study of history that________________the social sciences.
2.They, ________________， made some advice for the plan.
3.Disregarding all the difficulties, we arrived here____________.
4.Most fish reproduce themselves by____________.
5.Nobody knows when the world________________.
6.Being exposed to the sunlight for a long time will________________one’s skin.
7.We must at all costs________them________finding out about the plan.
8.________________should we give in to difficulties.
9.After being waited for half an hour, the train my parents were on____________.
10.Sam is at a loss because of having failed in the driving test.Let’s________him________.
答案 1.gave birth to 2.in their turn 3.in time 4.laying eggs 5.came into existence 6.be harmful to 7.prevent；from 8.At no time 9.pulled in 10.cheer；up
Ⅳ.微写作
最近，你班同学就“太空探索是否值得”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你根据下表提供的信息，用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论的情况。
30%的同学认为
70%的同学认为
1.不值得探索
2.离我们及我们的日常生活太遥远
3.浪费金钱。这些金钱本可用来解决地球上的饥饿、污染等问题
1.值得探索
2.已使用卫星进行通信传播、天气预报
3.有望解决地球人口问题、地球能源短缺问题
注意：词数80左右。文章开头已经给出，不计入总词数。
核心要点提示：
①some think it is not worthwhile
②can be used to solve the earth’s problems
③we have benefited a lot from it
④solve the problem of population and the shortage of resource
Recently, students in our class have had a discussion on whether space is worth exploring.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案
Recently,_students_in_our_class_have_had_a_discussion_on_whether_space_is_worth_exploring.
30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile.Space is too far away from us and our daily life.And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.
On the other hand, 70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it, such as using satellites for communications and weather forecast.What’s more, with further space research, we may solve the problem of population and the shortage of resource.
[限时训练]
[限时30分钟]
Ⅰ.完形填空
On a summer evening about 12 years ago, my wife, Anita, and I were downtown with our two youngest children, Elizabeth and Jon.We’d had a__1__time visiting old friends, and were chatting as we walked along to where the family car was__2__.
As we__3__a crossroads, the light turned green and we__4__to get across, all holding__5__.About halfway across, then, 7-year-old Jon half laughed, half cried，“My__6__are falling down！”
There were several things__7__Jon’s problem.First, he was wearing new school trousers，and every__8__knows you never buy a first-grader clothes that fit__9__.You always give them__10__to grow, which is why Jon’s new trousers were hanging pretty__11__.Second, I was holding his left hand, while he is left-handed.And third, he’s tall and__12__， and there’s never been much meat on his bones.All of them could have been__13__with a tight(牢固的) belt.But it was so loose that I don’t think it was fastened(系牢) at all.
Thankfully, 7-year-olds often view it as__14__.We were all laughing.
“My trousers are too loose！”he said.
“That’s why you have a__15__，” I said.
“But you were__16__my hand so I couldn’t hold my trousers up，” he said.
“But that wouldn’t have__17__if your belt was tight.”
“But I don’t have a lot of meat！” he said.
We’re all kind of funny that way，aren’t we？We__18__special attention to things we don’t have that we think would make our lives so much better if we only had them.__19__we’re not making full use of what we already have.We find ourselves halfway across the street with our trousers around our knees looking for__20__， while the belt could have prevented the problem.
[语篇解读] 父母为孩子订的裤子肥大，导致裤子往下掉，通过如何解决这个问题，告诉读者我们应好好利用我们现有的，而不是专注于我们没有的。
1.A.hard B.worrying
C.pleasant D.boring
解析 看望老朋友应该是非常愉快的。
答案 C
2.A.prevented B.rented
C.protected D.parked
解析 由the family car可知，作者一家是开车去看望老朋友的，只不过车停在另一个地方。
答案 D
3.A.crossed B.left
C.came near to D.went away from
解析 从后面的halfway across可知，他们刚要接近一个十字路口。
答案 C
4.A.hurried B.waited
C.expected D.hated
解析 交通指示灯变绿时，可以通行，因此他们赶紧过马路。
答案 A
5.A.hands B.clothes
C.goods D.arms
解析 他们手拉着手过马路，下文的I was holding his left hand为提示。
答案 A
6.A.coats B.gloves
C.shoes D.trousers
解析 根据下文多处提到的trousers可知，此处指Jon的裤子要掉下来了。
答案 D
7.A.resulting from B.causing
C.turning against D.picking
解析 从后面列的三点可知，此处指有几个因素导致了Jon的裤子往下掉的问题。
答案 B
8.A.parent B.teacher
C.student D.child
解析 每一位家长都知道不会给一年级的孩子买完全合身的衣服。
答案 A
9.A.fairly B.exactly
C.badly D.normally
解析 父母一般不会给一年级的孩子定制尺寸十分合适的衣服，以免很快就不合适了。
答案 B
10.A.chance B.room
C.time D.reason
解析 因为孩子正在长身体，所以要定制大一点的衣服，以便给他们留出长身体的空间。room空间。
答案 B
11.A.ugly B.proper
C.loose D.perfect
解析 既然父母给孩子定制的衣服一般要大一点，那么孩子穿在身上就不会是十分合适的，穿起来感觉有点松。下文的 My trousers are too loose为提示。
答案 C
12.A.clever B.fat
C.handsome D.thin
解析 根据后面的there’s never been much meat on his bones可知，Jon身上没什么肉，比较瘦。
答案 D
13.A.solved B.discussed
C.connected D.delighted
解析 这些问题完全可以由扎紧腰带得以解决。
答案 A
14.A.humorous B.serious
C.severe D.helpful
解析 根据下一句We were all laughing可知，大家都认为其可笑，所以七岁的小孩都将这种事视为一种幽默(一件令人发笑的事)。
答案 A
15.A.family B.father
C.belt D.uniform
解析 作者认为裤子肥大，所以才需要腰带。
答案 C
16.A.removing B.joining
C.holding D.supporting
解析 Jon怪父母拉着他的一只手，文中多次出现的holding为提示。
答案 C
17.A.lost B.mattered
C.worked D.appeared
解析 作者认为只要腰带系牢了，裤子就不会往下掉，与Jon说的裤子松、只有一只手可以提裤子等没关系。
答案 B
18.A.make B.give
C.take D.have
解析 此处作者的意思是：我们常常把关注的重点放在我们所没有的东西上，觉得如果我们拥有它们的话就会使我们的生活变得更好。
答案 B
19.A.Because B.So
C.If D.But
解析 我们都在专注于我们没有的东西，而没有好好利用我们现有的。
答案 D
20.A.talents B.facts
C.excuse D.abilities
解析 根据the belt could have prevented the problem可知，此处指我们在寻找借口。
答案 C
Ⅱ.阅读理解
If man were to disappear from the face of the Earth today, his footprint on the planet would remain for a very short time in geological terms.
Within hours, nature would begin to eradicate(根除) its impact.In 50,000 years all that would remain would be archaeological traces.Only radioactive materials and a few man-made chemical pollutants would last longer.
Modern human beings have managed just 150,000 years on Earth, and by contrast, the dinosaurs populated the planet for 165 million years.
Man’s environmental footprint would, according to a report in New Scientist, begin to weaken almost immediately, with light pollution the first to go as power stations stopped to provide energy.
By tomorrow, street lights and house lights left on by their former occupants(居住者) would start to go out.Streets and cultivated fields would be the next to go.Within 20 years village streets and rural roads would have vanished under a cover of weeds；fields would be overgrown within months.Urban streets would take a little longer, but even in huge man-made cities, such as London and Birmingham, plants would have taken over in about 50 years.
Buildings would decay rapidly.Wooden structures would collapse first, attacked by all kinds of insects.All such homes would be gone in a century.Glass and steel buildings in cities would mostly fall down within 200 years.Brick, stone and concrete structures would last longer.With exceptions－the pyramids are already 5,000 years old－by the next millennium(一千年) there would be little more left than ruins.
Wildlife would thrive in the absence of Man.Most of the 15,598 threatened species will begin to recover immediately towards historical populations.Carbon dioxide emissions(排放) would continue to cause climate change for another 100 years, but after 1,000 years all would be back to pre-industrial levels, with all man-made traces vanishing in 20,000 years.
If, 50,000 years hence, an alien archaeologist were to land on an Earth without man, it might be quite frustrated by the paucity(极少量) of evidence that we were here at all.
[语篇解读] 人类消失后，地球将会变成什么样？
1.Judged from geological terms, the history of modern humans________.
A.is rather short
B.will last forever
C.is not important at all
D.can hardly affect the planet
解析 细节理解题。第三段说，现代人在地球上只存在了15万年，而恐龙在这个星球上生存了长达1.65亿年。故选A。从文中所述事实来看，二氧化碳的排放会继续影响气候变化，放射性物质即使在人类消失多年后还会存在，很多物种受到生存威胁，这一切都能说明人类的历史对地球的影响还是很大的。故不选D。
答案 A
2.The underlined word “vanished” can be replaced by _________.
A.destroyed B.disappeared
C.crashed D.loosened
解析 词义猜测题。从under a cover of weeds(在野草的覆盖之下)来看，“不出20年，乡村街道和公路就会消失在覆盖的野草之下”。本文讲人类消失后地球会是什么样，这一词在后文亦出现：but after 1,000 years all would be back to pre-industrial levels，with all man-made traces vanishing in 20,000 years。
答案 B
3.Which of the following would last longest if man disappeared from the Earth?
A.Light pollution B.Steel buildings.
C.City streets. D.Radioactive materials.
解析 推理判断题。第四段说，首先消失的是光污染。第五段说，像伦敦和伯明翰这样大城市的街道大约50年后，也会被植物占领。第六段说玻璃和钢结合建筑大多也会在200年之内倒塌。第二段说，五万年后，人类留下的就只有一些考古遗迹了，只有放射性物质和一些人为制造的化学污染物会继续存在一段时间。由此综合比较，可推知答案为D。
答案 D
4.It can be inferred from the passage that________.
A.most buildings on Earth are not strongly constructed
B.aliens would rule the Earth after the disappearance of man
C.human activities are the main cause of endangered species
D.pollution happened before the beginning of industrialization
解析 推理判断题。倒数第二段说，人类消失后，地球会变成野生动植物的天堂。15 589种受到威胁的物种的大部分会立即开始复苏，逐渐恢复到原有的数量。由此可推知C正确。
答案 C
Ⅲ.阅读填句
Working in a team can be rewarding, but at times it can be difficult.To create a successful team, effective communication methods are necessary.Here we’ve outlined some ways to avoid some common team mistakes as well as some helpful advice.
1.Communicate
__1__Letting bad feelings brew(酝酿) will only make you feel bad and want to isolate yourself from the group.Not only does it feel good to get the bad feelings out, but it will be better for the team in the long run.
2.__2__
People in your group will lose respect for you if you’re constantly blaming others for not meeting deadlines.Group members understand if you have a heavy workload and aren’t able to meet a deadline.Saying something like，“I’m really sorry, but I’ll get it to you by the end of today.” will earn you a lot more respect than trying to make it seem like it’s everyone else’s fault that you missed your deadline.
3.Support group member’s ideas
If a teammate suggests something, always consider it！__3__And this makes you a good team member.After all, nobody likes a know-it-all.
4.Listen Actively
Look at the person who’s speaking to you, nod, ask questions and acknowledge what’s said by paraphrasing points that have been made.If you’re unclear about something that’s been said, ask for more information to clear up any confusion before moving on.Effective communication is a vital part of any team.__4__
5.Get Involved
Share suggestions, ideas, solutions and proposals with your team members.Take the time to help your fellow teammates.You can guarantee there will be a time in the future when you’ll need some help or advice.__5__
A.Don’t Blame Others
B.Avoid showing off
C.Thus, the value of good listening skills shouldn’t be ignored.
D.Have faith that people will recognize when good work is being done.
E.If you have a problem with someone in your group, talk to him about it.
F.And if you’ve helped them in the past, they’ll be more than happy to lend a helping hand.
G.Considering the group’s ideas shows you’re interested in other people’s ideas, not just your own.
答案 1～5 EAGCF
课件45张PPT。Section Ⅱ Learning about Language & Using LanguageⅠ.重点单词
1.____________ n. 生物学
____________ n. 生物学家
2.____________ adj. 温和的；文雅的
3.____________ n. 物理学家
____________ n. 物理学
____________ adj. 物理的；身体的
［基础自测］biologybiologistgentlephysicistphysicsphysical4.____________ n. 气候
5.____________ vi.&vt. 碰撞；坠落
6.____________ n. 宇宙飞船
7.____________ n.&vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力
8.____________ vt.&vi. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮
n. 漂浮物
climatecrashspaceshippullfloatⅡ.重点短语
1.________________ 挡住(光线)
2.________________ 感到高兴；感到振奋
3.________________ 既然
4.________________ 熟悉；掌握；理解
5.________________ 突发；爆发
6.________________ 密切注意；当心；提防
block outcheer upnow thatget the hang ofbreak outwatch out forⅢ.重点句式
1.as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as...
When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be _____________________________.
当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们，但月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。
as strong a pull as the earth’s2.倍数的表达：倍数＋as＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as...
But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried________________on the earth and fell over.
但是当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
twice as far as3.now that引导原因状语从句
“Oh dear，” I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice____________________________.”
“天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”
now that gravity has changed4.形容词作状语
We watched, ________(amaze) as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased.
我们惊奇地看着，随着地球的引力增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。
amazedⅠ.阅读课文“A VISIT TO THE MOON”，根据课文内容判断正“T”误“F”
1.The force of gravity changed three times and the last change was the most powerful.
2.We were too far from the earth to feel its pull.
3.On the moon, our weight would be less than on the earth because we were too far from it.
4.Leaving the moon’s gravity was as painful as leaving the earth’s.
5.Space travel was very exhausting, so the writer didn’t like it at all.
答案 1～5 FTFFF
［语篇理解］Ⅱ.阅读课文“A VISIT TO THE MOON”，根据课文内容选择正确答案
1.The passage mainly talks about________.
A.what the moon is
B.my visit to the moon
C.the differences between the earth and the moon
D.Li Yanping, my friend, who is an astronaut
答案 B
2.When we were going up, we felt________.
A.we were pressed against our seats
B.we were lighter than we are on the earth
C.as if we were flying
D.the rocket was shaking strongly
答案 A
3.Why can’t the spaceship fall back to the earth?
A.Because the moon’s gravity pulls it up.
B.Because it is too far away from the earth.
C.Because the earth has no gravity.
D.Because the spaceship is not very heavy.
答案 B
4.When I was on the moon I felt I was ________ than I am on the earth.
A.slower B.heavier
C.cleverer D.lighter
答案 D
5.If a baby is growing on the moon, when he grows up, he will grow________than he is on the earth.
A.taller B.shorter
C.fatter D.thinner
答案 A
Ⅲ.阅读课文，根据课文内容回答下列问题
1.How many times would the gravity change during their journey?
__________________________________________
2.Why was the spaceship not falling back to the earth?
__________________________________________
答案 1.Three times.
2.Because it was too far away from the earth to feel its pull.
3.Is the gravity of the moon the same as the earth’s?
___________________________________________
4.What did they think of returning to the earth?
___________________________________________
答案 3.No.The moon’s gravity is not as strong as the earth’s.
4.Returning to the earth is very frightening.
1.(教材P29)Other scientists believe that a comet crashed into the earth long ago and caused the disappearance.
其他科学家认为很久以前一颗彗星与地球相撞导致了(恐龙)灭绝。
［核心词汇］◎crash vi.&vt.碰撞；坠落
n.(汽车的)撞车事故；(飞机的)失事；撞击声
crash into/onto... 撞到……上/里
with a crash 轰隆一声
①A lot of passengers were killed in the train crash.
许多旅客在火车碰撞中丧生了。
②The car crashed________a big stone and burst into flames.
汽车突然撞在一块大石头上并燃烧起来。
③The tree fell________a great crash all of a sudden.
突然，那棵树哗啦一声倒了下来。
答案 ②into ③with
[语境串记] He witnessed a serious train crash today.Two trains crashed into each other and let out a loud crash.
今天他目睹了一起严重的火车相撞事故。两列火车彼此撞在了一起，发生了很大的爆裂声。
2.(教材P30)As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity.
随着火箭升入太空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。
◎pull n.&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力
pull off 脱(衣、帽等)
pull through 康复；完成；使渡过难关
pull in (火车)进站；(船)靠岸；驶向路边停靠
pull up 停车；停住
pull down 拆毁
①Pull the chestnut out of fire.
[谚语]火中取栗。
②I didn’t notice the train had already pulled________.
我没有注意到火车已经进站了。
③The driver pulled________at the gate of our school.
司机把车停在我们校门口了。
答案 ②in ③up
3.(教材P31)I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.
我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。
◎cheer (sb.) up感到高兴；感到振奋
(1)cheer sb. on (赛跑比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励某人；为某人加油
(2)cheerful adj. 快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的
cheering n. 欢呼，喝彩
adj. 令人振奋的，令人高兴的
cheers int. (用于祝酒)干杯；再见；谢谢
[形象记忆]
①I tried to cheer her up by telling her the good news.
我把这个好消息告诉了她，想使她高兴起来。
②Friends will cheer you________when you are in trouble.
朋友会在你有困难的时候鼓励你。
③She is so________(cheer) that everyone likes her.
她是一个快乐的女孩，每个人都喜欢她。
答案 ②on ③cheerful
[语境串记] The cheering news made the boy cheerful, which made his parents cheer up too.
这个令人振奋的消息使得这个小男孩高兴起来，他的父母也感到高兴。
4.(教材P31)“Oh dear，” I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”
“天哪，”我大声说，“重力改变了，看来走路的确需要练一练了。”
◎now that既然
now that在意思和用法上同since，引导原因状语从句，口语中that可省略。①Now that everyone is here, let’s begin our meeting.
既然大家都到齐了，我们就开始开会吧。
②________________you have grown up, you should not rely on your parents.
既然你长大了，就不应该依靠你的父母了。
答案 ②Now (that)/Since[联想发散] (1)引导原因状语从句的连词还有：since, because, as, considering (that), in that等。
(2)引导原因状语的短语：due to, thanks to, because of, as a result of, owing to, on account of等。
③I’ve been lucky________I have never had to worry about money.
我很幸运，因为我从来不必为钱发愁。
答案 ③in that
5.(教材P31)We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased.
我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。
◎break out突发；爆发
break away from 脱离/挣脱……
break down 出故障；坏掉；失败；(健康等)垮掉
break in 插话；破门而入
break into 破门而入
break up 打碎；结束
①Her friends came to help her when the war broke out.
当战争爆发的时候，她的朋友来帮助她。
②He broke________the room and stole many famous paintings.
他闯进房间偷走了许多著名的绘画作品。
③Our plans have broken________， so we have to start from the very beginning.
我们的计划失败了，我们不得不从头再来。
答案 ②into ③down
6.watch out (for)密切注视；当心；提防
watch over 照看；看守
keep a watch (for...) 守望(……)；注视(……)
①Watch out for the haze；it may do great harm to us.
当心这种雾霾天气，它可能对我们造成很大损害。
②The police____________________on his movement.
警方正密切注视着他的动向。
③She is watching________her sick child.
她在照料自己生病的孩子。
答案 ②are keeping a watch ③over
1.When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth’s.
当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们，但是月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。
［典型句式］(1)句中as strong a pull as属于“as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as”结构，意为“像……一样的……”，其中的名词必须是可数名词的单数形式，此结构用于否定句中可用“not so/as...as...”结构。
①She is as good a teacher as her mother.
她和她妈妈一样是位好老师。
(2)how, so, too也和as一样可以用于上述结构。即how/so/too＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数
②You don’t know____________________this is.
你不知道这是一道多么难的题。
答案 ②how difficult a problem(3)as...as结构的其他几种形式：
?as＋adj./adv.＋as
?as much＋不可数名词＋as
?as many＋可数名词复数＋as
③We’ve got food for________________want it.
我们的食物无论多少人吃都够了。
答案 ③as many people as
2.But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.
但当我试图往前走时，我发现自己被带到一个步幅相当于地球上两倍远的地方并且摔倒了。
(1)twice as far as...属于“倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as...”结构，是一种倍数的表示方法。
①This tree is three times as tall as that one.
这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。
②This book is_____________________________.
这本书是那本书篇幅的三倍。
③The production of this year is twice________of last year.今年的产量是去年的两倍。
④The production now is three times________it was ten years ago.现在的产量是十年前的三倍。
答案 ②three times as long as/three times longer than/three times the length of that one ③that ④what
[名师点津] (1)两倍用twice或double，三倍及三倍以上用...times表达。
(2)前面的倍数还可以是分数、百分数、小数等。
(3)that/those of...多用于产量、生产等方面的比较，that/those指代前面的同名异物名词。
[综合训练·能力提升]本讲结束
请按ESC键返回Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars
Section Ⅲ Grammar & Writing
[随堂巩固]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.________will be in charge of the company is being discussed.
2.________we will hold a party tomorrow depends on the weather.
3.________cars will be parked in the future is a question.
4.It is very important that a student____________(learn) English well.
5.________is a pity that you missed the film.
6.________made her happy was that she won the game in such an important match.
7.________breaks the law should be punished.
8.________role he will play in the film hasn’t been known.
答案 1.Who 2.Whether 3.Where 4.(should) learn 5.It 6.What 7.Whoever 8.What
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.________________(很明显) that the video turned out perfect.
2.________________________________(给我们印象最深的是) your art skills, in which you showed outstanding talent.
3.____________________________(让我们最吃惊的是) that the water can remain at that temperature for about twenty hours.
4.________________________(我们最需要的是) popular science books.
5.______________________________________________(这个电影明星将来我们市) has excited every one of us.
答案 1.It is obvious 2.What impresses us most are 3.What surprises us most is 4.What we need most are 5.That the film star will come to our city
Ⅲ.语法填空(用适当的连接词完成下面短文)
Everyone knew 1.________Wendy was a famous writer, but no one knew 2.________she came from and 3.________she was born in 1961 was still a mystery.4.________they did know was 5.________she was loved by poor people because she always helped 6.________was in need of money.Wendy was generous and helpful, but some people thought she was chasing fame.Wendy said she didn’t understand 7.________they were so narrow-minded, but it didn’t matter 8.________others thought of her.She just wanted to do 9.____________she thought was right.I think that is 10.________the meaning of life lies.
答案 1.that 2.where 3.whether 4.What 5.that 6.whoever 7.why 8.what 9.what(ever) 10.where
[限时训练]
[限时30分钟]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
Duration：3 hours
This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom.Reserve your spot before availability－and the cherry blossoms－disappear!
Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour
Duration：3 hours (4 miles)
Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop.Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.
Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
Duration：3 hours
Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort.Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks.Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.
Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour
Duration：3 hours (7 miles)
Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C.Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall.Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history.Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water.All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
[语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了在华盛顿特区骑自行车观光的四条路线、参观的主要景点和从事的活动。
1.Which tour do you need to book in advance?
A.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
B.Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.
C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一条旅行路线介绍的最后一句“Reserve your spot before availability－and the cherry blossoms－disappear”可知，选择第一条旅行路线需要提前预订。
答案 A
2.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?
A.Meet famous people.
B.Go to a national park.
C.Visit well-known museums.
D.Enjoy interesting stories.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三条旅行路线介绍中的“Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks”可知，选择这条旅行路线的游客可以在观光过程中听导游讲故事。
答案 D
3.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?
A.City maps. B.Cameras.
C.Meals. D.Safety lights.
解析 细节理解题。第四条旅行路线是夜间游览，根据该段介绍的最后一句“All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights”可知，该路线为夜间骑车观光的游客提供反光背心和安全灯。
答案 D
B
No one was left in the museum now, and John was walking round to see if everything was all right.Suddenly he saw a beautiful painting lying on the floor.John picked it up and gave it to the director of the museum.
The director called several museums to check and see if it was a stolen painting, but no one claimed(认领) it.So the director decided to hang it in the museum.All the experts came to look at the painting.Each one said it was beautiful and had very deep meaning.The director was proud to have such a painting in his museum and congratulated John on his discovery.
Some weeks later a woman and her little son came to the museum.While they were looking at the new painting, the little boy began to cry.The director went over and asked him.
“Why are you crying？”
The child pointed to the painting and said，“That’s my painting on the wall and I want it back.”
“Yes，” said his mother.“He left it on the floor a few weeks ago.If you look carefully, you can see his name on the painting.”
[语篇解读] John在下班后发现地板上一幅画，而这画出自一位孩子之手。
4.John was perhaps________.
A.a painter
B.an expert on painting
C.a visitor to the museum
D.a man working in the museum
解析 推理判断题。文章第一段说John在博物馆内走动，以确定一切正常，由此推测出他是博物馆的工作人员。
答案 D
5.John found the painting________.
A.before the museum opened
B.during his visit to the museum
C.after the museum was closed
D.while he was enjoying his walk
解析 推理判断题。文章第一段第一句说博物馆里没有一个人了。由此可推知他发现画时，博物馆已经关门了。
答案 C
6.After the director heard what the woman and the boy said，he must be very________.
A.angry B.surprised
C.afraid D.proud
解析 推理判断题。专家都认为这幅画很漂亮并且有深邃的含义，应出自名人之手，而此画却是一个小男孩画的，因此馆长知道后肯定会感到“惊讶”。
答案 B
7.All the experts thought the painting good because________.
A.it was a stolen famous painting
B.none of them looked carefully enough
C.it was drawn by a famous painter though he was a child
D.they found it really beautiful and had very deep meaning
解析 事实细节题。根据文章第二段第四句Each one said it was beautiful and had very deep meaning可知。
答案 D
Ⅱ.短文改错
Mark Twain, like you know, was famous in his days as the public speaker.He always liked to play joke on his friends.One day, the one of his friends lost their wallet and asked him to buy a train ticket for him.“But I don’t have enough money to pay both your ticket and mine，” Mark Twain said.The friend didn’t know what to do.“Let’s do this，” Mark Twain saying，“You can get off the train and when the conductor comes to check the ticket you can hide under my seat.” Later, however, when the conductor comes to check the ticket, Mark Twain gave him two tickets－one for him and the other for his friend.
答案
Mark Twain, you know, was famous in his days as public speaker.He always liked to play on his friends.One day, the one of his friends lost wallet and asked him to buy a train ticket for him.“But I don’t have enough money to pay both your ticket and mine，” Mark Twain said.The friend didn’t know what to do.“Let’s do this，” Mark Twain ，“You can get the train and when the conductor comes to check the ticket you can hide under my seat.”Later, however, when the conductor to check the ticket, Mark Twain gave him two tickets－one for and the other for his friend.
Ⅲ.书面表达
进入高中以来，同学们备感学习任务重，压力大。许多同学争分夺秒甚至连课间十分钟的休息时间也花在学习上。针对这一现象，请以“A Ten-Minute Break”为题，写一篇词数为100左右的短文，短文的内容必须包括以下几点：
1.十分钟的课间休息是必要的；
2.要注意休息的方式；
3.我通常是怎样利用这十分钟的。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[范文品读]
As students of Senior Grade Three, we have to study from early morning till late evening.With great pressure, many of us grasp every minute to study, even a ten-minute break.
Therefore, to take a ten-minute break between classes is definitely important and necessary.Otherwise, we may feel both physically and mentally tired.
During the ten-minute break we should do something to get rid of tiredness.What we need is to have a real rest instead of getting more tired.
My ten-minute break is always pleasing.I usually do some simple exercises, such as a free chat or a walk with my classmates.When the new class begins, I feel fresh again.
课件45张PPT。Section Ⅲ Grammar & Writing主语从句一、定义
在主从复合句中充当主语的从句即为主语从句。
What made people excited was that the solar ship had completed around-the-world trip.
让人们激动的是太阳能船已完成了环游世界的旅行。
It worried the woman that her son was always playing computer games.
儿子一直在玩电脑游戏，这让这个女人很担心。
二、主语从句的连接词及其句法功能
1.连接词that和whether/if
(1)that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，本身无任何意义，只起连接作用，但不可省略。
That she survived the accident is a miracle.
她在事故中幸免于难简直是个奇迹。
(2)whether/if在从句中不充当任何句子成分，起连接作用，意为“是否”，不可省略。
Whether the plan will be carried out is still unknown.
＝It is still unknown if/whether the plan will be carried out.这个计划是否会实施还不知道。
[名师点津] whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面需用it作形式主语。
[即时演练]
1.补全句子
①__________________________________made us very happy.她能来帮助我们使我们很高兴。
②_________________________________doesn’t matter too much.她来不来都无关紧要。
答案 ①That she could come to help us ②Whether she is coming or not
2.连接代词(who, whose, whom, what, which, whichever, whoever, whomever, whatever等)
连接代词引导主语从句，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize.
无论(你们)谁先到都可以得奖。
Who will go to the concert is not known.
不知道谁会去听音乐会。Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others.
无论你在业余时间做什么都不应该伤害其他人。
[名师点津] who引导的主语从句表示一件“事情”，而whoever引导的主语从句指“人”。
3.连接副词(when, where, how, why等)
连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。
How this happened is not clear to anyone.
这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。
When we will have a meeting is an important question.
我们何时举行会议是个重要的问题。
Where I spend my summer is no business of yours.
我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。
[名师点津] 名词性从句引导词的确定步骤：
(1)分析句式结构，明确名词性从句在句中的功能；
(2)明确名词性从句所表达的意义；
(3)明确名词性从句中所需要的成分及意义；
(4)确定从句的引导词。
[即时演练]
2.用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空
①________it was done was a mystery.
②________John was late for the class has been unexplained.
③________part of the country he will travel to needs discussing.
答案 ①How ②Why ③Which
④____________the English evening will be held has not yet been decided.
⑤________surprises me most is that he is too proud.
⑥________is interested in the activity can sign your names.
答案 ④Where/When ⑤What ⑥Whoever
三、主语从句中用it作形式主语的结构
1.It＋be＋形容词(obvious, true, natural, strange, etc.)＋主语从句
It is important that he should know about this.
他应该知道此事是重要的。
[名师点津] 在“It＋be＋形容词＋主语从句”结构中，若形容词为important/necessary/strange等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should) do”。
2.It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a pity, a/no surprise, etc.)＋主语从句
It’s a pity that he didn’t come.
很遗憾他没来。
3.It＋be＋过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, proved, etc.)＋主语从句
It is suggested that the meeting be put off.
有人建议会议延期召开。
[名师点津] 在“It＋be＋过去分词＋主语从句”结构中，过去分词若为suggested/ordered/required/ advised等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should) do”。
4.It＋不及物动词(happen, seem, appear, remain, etc.)＋主语从句
It seems that it is going to rain.
看起来好像要下雨。
5.It＋及物动词＋宾语＋主语从句
It surprised him why they came to visit him suddenly.
让他吃惊的是他们为什么突然都来看他。
[即时演练]
3.(1)补全句子
①__________that you can’t attend my birthday party.
很可惜你不能参加我的生日聚会。
②________________that the old man (should) go to the countryside to have a rest.
建议这位老人到乡村休息一下。
答案 (1)①It’s a pity ②It’s suggested ③____________you disagree with the plan.
你好像不赞成这个计划。
④It is doubtful____________________________.
她是否能来参加聚会还很难说。
⑤________________the harvest was bad that year.
碰巧那年收成不好。
答案 ③It seems that ④whether she will be able to come to the party ⑤It happened that(2)句型转换(每空一词)
①That he suddenly fell ill last month surprised us.
→________ ________ ________ ________he suddenly fell ill last month.
②Whether they will sell the house hasn’t been yet decided.
→________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________they will sell the house.
答案 ①It surprised us that ②It hasn’t been decided yet whether
③That light travels in straight lines is known to us all.
→________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________light travels in straight lines.
答案 ③It is known to us all that
四、主语从句中应注意的问题
1.从句要用陈述语序
What we will do next should be decided.
应该决定一下我们下一步该做什么。
2.主谓一致
(1)从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式。
Where he will get a job after graduation has puzzled him much.
毕业后到哪儿找份工作使他很困惑。
[名师点津] what引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语动词应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。
What the school needs most are books.
这所学校最需要的是书。
(2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。
When and where the movie will be shown is not clear.
这部影片何时何地上映还不清楚。
[即时演练]
4.用所给词的适当形式填空
①What surprised me most________(be) that the man in rags was a millionaire.
②What he needs most________(be) money.
③When and where the football match will be held________________(decide) already.
④That the coal workers are still alive________(be) a wonder.
答案 ①was ②is ③has been decided ④is
[典例1] Every year, ________makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
[解析] 考查主语从句连接词的选择。句意：每年，在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人会赢得奖品。whoever“无论谁”，表泛指，在句中作主语，相当于anyone who。
[答案] whoever
[典例2] ________Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.
[解析] 句意：李白，中国伟大的诗人，出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人对此并不接受。“________Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born”为主语从句。该从句缺少地点状语，故答案为Where。
[答案] Where
[典例3] Exactly________the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
[解析] 句意：土豆被引入欧洲的确切时间不能确定，但很可能是1565年左右。分析句子结构可知，设空处为主语从句的引导词，从around 1565判断，这里指时间，故填when。
[答案] when
[典例4] I think________impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.
[解析] 句意：我认为他的画使我印象深刻的是他对色彩的使用。分析句子结构可知在主语从句________impresses me about his painting中，所缺的词作主语且表示“物”，所以填what。
[答案] what
解决问题型说明文，就是针对某一问题提出具体的解决方法并进行适当论述，给读者提供知识，使之掌握解决问题的方法。
解决问题型说明文一、基本结构
此类作文的篇章结构如下：
第一部分：提出问题或阐述某件事情的重要性；
第二部分：列举说明处理某事的方式或解决某个问题的途径；
第三部分：针对提出的解决方法进行简要评价，也可提出个人建议或选择，并阐述理由。
二、增分佳句
A.问题
1.One of the biggest problems the world is facing today is global warming.
如今，世界所面临的最大问题之一是全球变暖。
2.As we all know, the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to global warming.
众所周知，主要由于全球变暖，全球水资源短缺问题正变得日益严重。
3.There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming.
毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和，全球变暖正是人类活动所致。
4.In order to avoid traffic jams, I strongly suggest some effective measures be taken.
为避免交通拥堵，我强烈建议采取一些有效的措施。
B.解决方法
1.In the first place, I would also recommend a balanced diet.
首先，我也会推荐均衡饮食。
2.We should work together to fight against pollution and make our environment safer and more comfortable to live in.
我们应该一起努力同污染作斗争使我们的环境更安全、更适宜居住。
3.There is no denying the fact that it is a serious problem；the government should take strong measures to deal with it.
无可否认，这是一个严重的问题，政府应该采取有力措施来解决它。
4.The most important thing is that people should be made aware of the importance of environmental protection.
最重要的是应让人们意识到环境保护的重要性。
C.结论
1.If we are more environmentally friendly, the earth’s temperature may not rise too much.
如果我们多善待环境，地球温度就可能不会上升那么快了。
2.As far as I’m concerned, it’s everyone’s duty to protect the environment.
依我看来，保护环境是我们每个人的责任。
3.It’s high time that we did something about it.
是我们该做些事情的时候了。
?题目要求
随着科学技术的发展，人类去太空旅游将不再是遥远的梦想。假设你是李华，对太空探索极感兴趣，现在请你写一篇100词左右的英语短文，设想在今年暑假去太空旅游，如何克服失重条件下的吃饭和喝水的问题。
第一步：审题构思很关键
一、审题
1.确定体裁：本文为________文；
2.确定人称：本文的主要人称为____________；
3.确定时态：主要使用____________。
答案 1.说明 2.第一人称 3.一般现在时
二、构思
1.开篇：提出失重条件下吃饭和喝水的问题。
2.主体：分析和解决失重条件下吃饭和喝水的问题。
3.总结：简要评论。
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1.________________ 重力
2.________________ 飘浮
3.________________ 阻止……
4.________________ 解决
5.________________ 尝试
6.________________ 迟早；终于
答案 1.gravity 2.float 3.prevent...from... 4.solve 5.try/have a try 6.in time
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1.If I went to travel in space, _______________________________.
如果我去太空旅游，会有一个问题。
2.I might________________a problem.
我可能要面对一个问题。
3.In outer space, ____________________________.
在外太空，重力很弱。
答案 1.there would be a problem 2.be faced with 3.the gravity is weak4.The food________________.
食物会到处飘浮。
5.The problem would be solved________________.
用这种方式，这个问题将会被解决。
答案 4.will float around 5.in this way
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1.用定语从句连接句1和句2
2.用so...that...连接句3和句4
3.用only倒装句改写句5
答案 1.If I went to travel in space, there would be a problem I might be faced with.
2.In outer space, the gravity is so weak that the food will float around.
3.Only in this way would the problem be solved.
第五步：过渡衔接联成篇
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案
If I went to travel in space, there would be a problem I might be faced with：how to eat and drink in outer space.
I would have to take all my foods with me if I went to space travel, but in outer space, the gravity is so weak that the food will float around if it is solid.I must make sure that it is specially made as liquid space food.It could be put in a tube and then I would be ableto suck it more easily.Perhaps I would use a straw to eat it.It can prevent the food from floating away.Only in this way would the problem be solved.I might have a happy visit to space in that way.I will have a try in time.
[综合训练·能力提升]本讲结束
请按ESC键返回课件7张PPT。Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars古今中外的历史上有很多的科学家致力于探索宇宙的奥秘。意大利的科学家伽利略·伽得雷(1564～1642)就是其中非常著名的一位。他是文艺复兴后期伟大的天文学家、力学家、哲学家、物理学家、数学家，也是近代实验物理学的开拓者，被誉为“近代科学之父”。让我们更细致地了解他吧。
Galileo Galilei was born near Pisa in 1564-the same year in which Shakespeare was born and the year in which Michelangelo(米开朗基罗) and Calvin(加尔文) died.He entered Pisa University as a medical student in 1581, and became a professor of mathematics at Padua, where he improved the telescope(望远镜) and was the first to use it for astronomy.
At the time that Galileo arrived at the University of Pisa, some arguments had started up on one of Aristotle’s(亚里士多德的)“laws” of nature, that heavier objects fall faster than lighter ones.Imagine Aristotle at the top of a building, dropping two balls, one twice as heavy asthe other.According to his words, the heavier one should fall faster than the lighter one.At that time Aristotle’s words had been accepted as a truth, and there had been few attempts to actually test Aristotle’s conclusions by actually conducting an experiment!
However, Galileo decided to have a try.He needed to be able to drop the objects from a great height.The perfect building was right at hand-the Tower of Pisa, 54 meters tall.Galileo climbed to the top of the building carrying a variety of balls of different sizes and weights, and dropped them from the top.They all landed at the base of the building at the same time (it was said that the experiment was witnessed by a huge crowd of students and professors).It proved that Aristotle was wrong.No matter what the difference is in weight, objects will fall at the same speed.
Read the text and try to tell if these sentences are true (T) or false (F).
1.Galileo and Shakespeare were born in the same year.
2.It was in Pisa University that Galileo improved the telescope.
3.In Aristotle’s opinion，heavier objects fell faster than lighter ones.
4.Galileo did an experiment to prove that Aristotle was wrong.
5.There were only few people watching Galileo’s experiment.
6.Two objects different in weight can’t fall at the same speed.
答案 1.T 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.F 6.F
课件15张PPT。Ⅰ.重点词汇
1.violent adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的
____________ n. 暴力
violently adv. 猛烈地；激烈地
例如：There was a violent storm yesterday, which caused buses to be late.
昨天一场猛烈的暴风雨，造成公交车迟到。
violence2.in time ________________
on time 按时
at one time 曾经，一度
at a time 每次，一次
at times 有时
in no time 立刻，马上
ahead of time 提前
at the same time 同时
all the time 一直，始终
例如：Will we be in time for the six o’clock concert?
我们来得及赶上六点钟的音乐会吗？
及时；终于3.harmful adj. ____________
harm n. 害处
vt. 伤害，损害
harmless adj. 无害的
be harmful to sb./sth.＝do harm to sb./sth.＝do sb./sth. harm 对某人/某事有害
例如：Eating a large amount of sweets is harmful to your teeth.吃太多的糖对你牙齿有害。
有害的4.exist vi. 存在；生存
____________ n. 存在；生存
come into existence 形成；出现
There exists... 有……
例如：The idea exists only in the minds of those who are generous.这种想法只有那些慷慨的人才有。
existence5.give birth to ________________
at birth 出生时
by birth 天生，生来
be of good/noble birth 出身名门
bring...to birth 使……产生
例如：His wife gave birth to a healthy baby boy.
他的妻子生了个健康的男婴。
产生；分娩6.prevent...from 阻止；制止
同义词组：stop...from, keep...from
例如：Trees on mountains can prevent soil (from) being washed away.
山上的树木能够阻止土壤被冲走。
7.puzzle n. 谜；难题
vt.&vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难
puzzle about/over 仔细琢磨
puzzle out 琢磨出……答案
____________ adj. 感到迷惑的
____________ adj. 令人困惑的
例如：They are puzzling about the problem.
他们正在琢磨那个问题。
puzzledpuzzling8.now that ________________
例如：Now that we have the chance to improve ourselves, we should make good use of it.
既然我们有机会来提高我们自己，那我们就好好利用它吧。
既然9.break out 突发；爆发
break up 解散；破碎；结束
break through 突破
break away from 脱离
break down 出故障；垮掉
break in 闯入
break into 闯入；强行进入
例如：A fire broke out on Sunday afternoon at the scene of the explosion.星期日下午在爆炸现场发生了火灾。
10.watch out for 密切注意；当心；提防
watch out 小心
watch out (for)＝look out (for)
例如：Watch out for the young man who is watching you.提防那个一直注视着你的人。
Ⅱ.重点句型
1.As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become____________________.
许多科学家认为地球可能会因此变得太热而不适合生物生存。
答案 too hot to live on 2.But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried____________________on the earth and fell over.
但是当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
答案 twice as far as
3....walking does need a bit of practice____________gravity has changed.
……重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。
答案 now that
Ⅲ.重点语法
Noun clauses as the subject主语从句
1.________it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.
答案 What2.________many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.
3.So________life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
答案 2.What 3.whether
