第十二讲 主谓一致
(解析卷)
黑龙江哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
在高考英语复习中，主谓一致往往是考生容易忽略基础英语知识，而主谓一致又是历年高考试题中的考查内容之一，单纯考查主谓一致的情况较少，经常出现的是动词的时态与语态的结合考查，主要以语法填空和短文改错的形式呈现；包括语法一致、意义一致、就近原则等。考生在掌握主谓一致的基本原则的同时，要特别注意语义一致原则，具体为：分数、百分数、不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时的主谓一致和定语从句中的主谓一致情况。教师需要指导考生打好坚实的基础，为篇章理解、完形填空、语篇型填空、短文改错乃至书面表达奠定坚实的基础。教师在辅导学生进行相关复习的时候，首先要注重对其语言知识进行梳理，夯实基础知识，掌握核心内容，避免偏题、难题和怪题；要注意把相关的语法现象从横向与纵向进行融会贯通；逐条列出学生出容易出现错误的问题，通过典型例句的讲解和巩固训练提高学生的语言应用能力。
I. 主谓一致
定义
在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。
三个原则
主谓一致坚持三个原则：语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。
II. 主谓一致分类讲解
1.语法一致原则
语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1）以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Most Londoners are not happy with the idea.
Giving up using the Net is the best decision I' ve ever made.
What attracts people to California is its pleasant climate and relaxed lifestyle.
Bush walking, fishing, horse riding, tennis, golf and sailing are all popular.
2）主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including，in addition to;such as等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。
The students, together with their teacher, are going to have a picnic this weekend.
Punctuation, as well as grammar and vocabulary, changes very quickly from one area to another.
3）不定代词作主语
主语为 one, another, the other, either, each, somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, someone，anyone,everyone, no one, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时，谓语用单数形式。
London knows exactly how many species of plants and animals there are on Earth.
Everyone was calm.
One is from the USA and the other two are from the UK.
Another is to ensure all children complete primary education.
4）定语从句中关系代词作主语
在定语从句关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
We saw abandoned?farms?which?were?built?more?than?a?hundred?years?ago.
I turned?around?and?glared?at?the?person?who?was?humming.
5）以s结尾的名词作主语
trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
My glasses are broken.
The pair of shoes under the bed is his.
一些学科名词是以 –ics 结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
The paper works was built in 1990.
I think physics isn’t easy to study.
6）在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
There comes the bus.
On the wall are many pictures.
Such is the result.
Such are the facts.
2.逻辑意义一致原则
逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致；因为有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时主语形式为复数，但意义为单数。
1）what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。
Which is your bag?
Which are your bags?
All is going well.
All have gone to Beijing.
2）表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式， 这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，
Thirty minutes is enough for the work.
3）集体名词作主语
如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。
Class Four is on the third floor.
Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.
people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。
The police are looking for the lost child.
4）分数百分数作主语
由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
There are a lot of people in the classroom .
The rest of the lecture is wonderful.
50% of the students in our class are girls.
“定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。
3.就近一致原则
在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
1）当两个主语由either … or, neither … nor, whether … or …, not only … but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。
Either the teacher or the students are our friends.
Neither they nor he is wholly right.
Is neither he nor they wholly right?
2）there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。
There are two chairs and a desk in the room.
【温馨提示】Here引导的句子用法同上。
I. 语法一致中的易错点
1.由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
What I bought were three English books.
What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.
2.由连接词and或both … and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。
Lucy and Lily are twins.
She and I are classmates.
The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news.
Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
【温馨提示】
若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。
The writer and artist has come.
由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
Every student and every teacher was in the room..
No boy and no girl likes it.
3.either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。
如：Each of us has a new book.
Everything around us is matter.
【温馨提示】
① 在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting.
② 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：None of us has (have) been to America.
II. 意义一致中的易错点
1）算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。
Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.
2）若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。
“The Arabian Nights”is an interesting story-book.
3）表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数。
One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.
4）两组形近词组区别
a number of 与the number of 作主语
a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；
the number of“…的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。
“a quantity of+名词”与“ quantities of+名词”作主语
a quantity of+不可数名词 作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
a quantity of+可数名词复数 作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
quantities of+不可数名词/可数名词复数 作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
A large quantiry of milk was reported not to reach the standard.
A large quantity of drugs were found in his room.
Quantities of nuts are on the table.
III. 就近一致中的易错点
1." more than one+单数名词”与“ many a+单数名词”作主语
“more than one +单数名词”与“ many a+单数名词”作主语时，在意义上都是复数。但谓语动词要用单数,这是由与其邻近的单数名词所决定的。
More than one worker has been employed.
Many a player has succeeded in the competition.
知识点一 主谓一致与定语从句结合的考查
例1. I was paid nine dollars an hour, which _______ three dollars more than the school post office paid us.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】C
【解析】 句意：我每个小时赚9美元，这比在学校邮局支付给我们的报酬多3美元。这道题考查的是钱做主语时，其谓语动词的使用形式。which引导的是一个定语从句，其先行词是nine dollars，当表示钱数名词复数形式作主语时，其谓语动词应该用单数，这是与我们日常认知所不同的。同时根据主句的时态，判断出从句的时态应与前主句一致，因此应该填写was。所以选择答案C。
变式训练 1：
Their children could become ___________ to video games during the July-August holiday.
A. addicted B. addiction C. addict D. addicting
【答案】A
【解析】句意：他们的孩子可能会在7-8月的假期里沉迷于电子游戏。分析句子结构可知，become为系动词，此处应是填形容词形式作表语addicted上瘾的；所以选择答案A。
知识点二 主谓一致与动词时态语态结合的考查
例2．The famous musician, as well as his students, ________ to perform at opening ceremony of the concert.
A. invited B. was invited C. were invited D. inviting
【答案】B
【解析】 这位著名的音乐家和他的学生被邀请在音乐会的开幕式上演奏曲目。不少学生都知道as well as是和的意思，所以拿到题目一看有和，那谓语动词一定是复数了，这种想法一定错了，它虽然翻译成和，但是这类句子中的谓语动词并不对应为复数，相反应该为单数形式。通过翻译，我们可以知道这个音乐家和他的学生被邀请，因此应该为被动形式，答案为was invited。当主语后边出现as well as、along with、with等词语时，其谓语动词应是单数形式。所以选择答案B。
变式训练 2： If people outside China learned a bit about jasmine tea culture，they would realize there ________ a lot of enjoyment in it.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】A
【解析】句意：如果国外的人们学一点关于茉莉花茶的文化，他们将会意识到它里面有许多乐趣。主句和从句都是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，但realize的宾语从句说的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；故选择A。
知识点三 主谓一致和倒装句结合的考查
例3．They had a very good time yesterday night. So does my sister.
【答案】does改为did
【解析】分析句子结构可知，后一句为“倒装句”结构，my sister是主语，根据前一句得时态需要用过去时态，所以把does改为did。
变式训练 3：
Between the two buildings ________(stand) a big hospital which is very useful to the the residents here.
【答案】stands
【解析】句意：在这两栋建筑之间，矗立着一座大医院，这个医院对这里的居民很有益处。表示地点的介词短语位于句首时，句子使用完全倒装语序，再根据主谓一致的原则可知要用stands。
知识点四 主谓一致和主语从句结合的考查
How close teachers and friends are to the kids________(have)a strong influence on the development of their characters.
【答案】has
【解析】 句意：老师和朋友对孩子的亲密程度对孩子性格的形成有很强烈的影响。分析结构可知，此处为主语从句How close teachers and friends are to the kids作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故has正确。
变式训练 4：
What we need ________some land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】A
【解析】 句意：我们需要的所有是一些土地，在那上面我们可以在这一年的种植季节里种植各种果树。根据表语some land可知谓语用单数，而根据从句的时态可知所填词用一般现在时。故选择A。
知识点五 主谓一致和特殊句式结合的考查
例5．—The movie starts at 8：30，and we can have a quick bite before we go.
—__________(sound) great.See you at 8：10.
【答案】Sounds
【解析】 句意：——电影在八点半开始，我们走之前可以迅速吃点东西。——听起来很棒。此处为省略句， That sounds great.为其完整形式。
变式训练 5
The more interesting the joke is，the more happier it________ (make)．
【答案】makes
【解析】句意：这个笑话越有趣，就会让人越开心。该句为“The 比较级＋主语，the 比较级＋主语”结构，根据前半句时态可知用makes。
1.（2019年 哈市第九中学模拟卷 单项选择） Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _______ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards
【答案】B
【解析】根据动词短语regard…as…；把…….看作……和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和D；再根据主语部分是由介词短语along with连接的三个动名词作主语，该谓语动词应该就前一致，要用单数，排除C，故选B。
2.（2019年 哈市第九中学模拟卷 单项选择） Between the two buildings ________ our library which is my favorite place on campus.
A. stand B. is stood C. are stood D. stands
【答案】D
【解析】句意：在这两栋建筑之间，矗立着我们的图书馆，这是校园里我最喜欢的地方。表示地点的介词短语位于句首时，句子使用完全倒装语序，再根据主谓一致的原则可知要用stands。故选择D。
3.（2017 江苏卷24） The publication of Great Expectations, which _______ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】C
【解析】句意：《远大前程》的出版获得了广泛的认可和高度的赞扬，这坐实了狄更斯作为前沿小说家的地位。考查主谓一致。先行词是Great Expectations，“Great Expectations”是书名，看做单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据“strengthened”可知，说的是过去，故选C。
4.（2019年 哈工大附中模拟卷 单项选择） The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it________．
A. is made B. are made C. makes D. make
【答案】C
【解析】该句为“The 比较级＋主语，the 比较级＋主语”结构，根据前半句时态可知用makes。故选择C。
5.（2019年 东北三省三校模拟卷 改错）Airports have doors. So do a helicopter.
【答案】do改为does
【解析】分析句子结构可知，句子为“倒装句”结构，a helicopter为主语，又根据前一句时态，故用does形式。
高考模拟真题练
1. Tea, a popular drink in China and many other countries, (be)carefully prepared according to local customs.(2018陕西质量检测65)
【答案】 is
【解析】该句主语tea, a popular drink in China and many other countries为同位语，故谓语动词用单数；又陈述一般现象故用一般现在时。
2. With the freedom (come) strong privacy protection. (2018吉林实验中学第六次考试63)
【答案】 comes
【解析】考查时态及主谓一致。本句是倒装句，主语是strong privacy?protection,故谓语动词用单数形式;该句陈述的是一般事实，故用一般现在时comes。
3. The atmosphere there were very lively and pleasant. (2018唐山市高三检测短文改错)
【答案】 were改为was
【解析】The atmosphere为不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
4. Second,seeing a film, listening to music or hanging out with our friends are exciting. (2018湖北八校联考改错改编)
【答案】 are改为is
【解析】seeing a film, listening to music or hanging out with our friends作主语，谓语动词采用就近原则，hanging out with our friends属于动名词形式做主语，故用is。
5. Now the city wants larger lorries that cause more pollution to use biofuel, which are produced from waste. (2018安徽六校高三二联改错)
【答案】 are改为is
【解析】which 为关系代词，指代前面的biofuel（不可数名词），根据主谓一致，谓动用单三is。
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入括号内单词的适当形式填空
Many people in the cities of Los Angeles, Miami, and New York (enjoy)several kinds of popular music. Many a music lover, whether young or old, (like) jazz and blues. Many Americans, as well as people from around the world , (dance) to the loud music known as salsa. The syncopated rhythms of calypso music (be) popular among people who like the steel drum. Very popular in some communities (be) Mexican folk songs called ranchers. From the recording studios (come) one new popular hit after another. Usually thousands of dollars (be) the sum needed to record a new song. In many American cities, neither the Motown tunes of the 1960s nor rock-and-roll (have) gone out of style. Ask whether your family or friends enjoy a special kind of music.
【答案】
1.enjoy 2.likes 3.dance 4. are 5. are 6. comes 7. is 8.has
【解析】
1.enjoy 主语为Many people in the cities of Los Angeles, Miami, and New York，中心词为Many people，客观事实用一般现在时。
2.likes 主语为Many a+n，谓语动词用单数。
3.dance A as well as B作主语，谓语动词由A决定。
4. are 主语中心词为rhythms，谓语动词用复数。
5. are 此句为倒装句，主语为Mexican folk songs。
6. comes此句为倒装句，主语为one new popular hit after another，谓语动词为单数。
7. is thousands of dollars是表示金钱的短语做主语，谓语动词用单数。
8. has neither…nor…作主语，谓语动词采用就近原则，与rock-and-roll一致用单数。
第十二讲 主谓一致
(原卷版)
黑龙江哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
在高考英语复习中，主谓一致往往是考生容易忽略基础英语知识，而主谓一致又是历年高考试题中的考查内容之一，单纯考查主谓一致的情况较少，经常出现的是动词的时态与语态的结合考查，主要以语法填空和短文改错的形式呈现；包括语法一致、意义一致、就近原则等。考生在掌握主谓一致的基本原则的同时，要特别注意语义一致原则，具体为：分数、百分数、不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时的主谓一致和定语从句中的主谓一致情况。教师需要指导考生打好坚实的基础，为篇章理解、完形填空、语篇型填空、短文改错乃至书面表达奠定坚实的基础。教师在辅导学生进行相关复习的时候，首先要注重对其语言知识进行梳理，夯实基础知识，掌握核心内容，避免偏题、难题和怪题；要注意把相关的语法现象从横向与纵向进行融会贯通；逐条列出学生出容易出现错误的问题，通过典型例句的讲解和巩固训练提高学生的语言应用能力。
I. 主谓一致
定义
在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。
三个原则
主谓一致坚持三个原则：语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。
II. 主谓一致分类讲解
1.语法一致原则
语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1）以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Most Londoners are not happy with the idea.
Giving up using the Net is the best decision I' ve ever made.
What attracts people to California is its pleasant climate and relaxed lifestyle.
Bush walking, fishing, horse riding, tennis, golf and sailing are all popular.
2）主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including，in addition to;such as等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。
The students, together with their teacher, are going to have a picnic this weekend.
Punctuation, as well as grammar and vocabulary, changes very quickly from one area to another.
3）不定代词作主语
主语为 one, another, the other, either, each, somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, someone，anyone,everyone, no one, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时，谓语用单数形式。
London knows exactly how many species of plants and animals there are on Earth.
Everyone was calm.
One is from the USA and the other two are from the UK.
Another is to ensure all children complete primary education.
4）定语从句中关系代词作主语
在定语从句关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
We saw abandoned?farms?which?were?built?more?than?a?hundred?years?ago.
I turned?around?and?glared?at?the?person?who?was?humming.
5）以s结尾的名词作主语
trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
My glasses are broken.
The pair of shoes under the bed is his.
一些学科名词是以 –ics 结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
The paper works was built in 1990.
I think physics isn’t easy to study.
6）在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
There comes the bus.
On the wall are many pictures.
Such is the result.
Such are the facts.
2.逻辑意义一致原则
逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致；因为有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时主语形式为复数，但意义为单数。
1）what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。
Which is your bag?
Which are your bags?
All is going well.
All have gone to Beijing.
2）表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式， 这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，
Thirty minutes is enough for the work.
3）集体名词作主语
如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。
Class Four is on the third floor.
Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.
people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。
The police are looking for the lost child.
4）分数百分数作主语
由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
There are a lot of people in the classroom .
The rest of the lecture is wonderful.
50% of the students in our class are girls.
“定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。
3.就近一致原则
在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
1）当两个主语由either … or, neither … nor, whether … or …, not only … but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。
Either the teacher or the students are our friends.
Neither they nor he is wholly right.
Is neither he nor they wholly right?
2）there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。
There are two chairs and a desk in the room.
【温馨提示】Here引导的句子用法同上。
I. 语法一致中的易错点
1.由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
What I bought were three English books.
What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.
2.由连接词and或both … and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。
Lucy and Lily are twins.
She and I are classmates.
The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news.
Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
【温馨提示】
若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。
The writer and artist has come.
由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
Every student and every teacher was in the room..
No boy and no girl likes it.
3.either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。
如：Each of us has a new book.
Everything around us is matter.
【温馨提示】
① 在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting.
② 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：None of us has (have) been to America.
II. 意义一致中的易错点
1）算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。
Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.
2）若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。
“The Arabian Nights”is an interesting story-book.
3）表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数。
One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.
4）两组形近词组区别
a number of 与the number of 作主语
a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；
the number of“…的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。
“a quantity of+名词”与“ quantities of+名词”作主语
a quantity of+不可数名词 作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
a quantity of+可数名词复数 作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
quantities of+不可数名词/可数名词复数 作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
A large quantiry of milk was reported not to reach the standard.
A large quantity of drugs were found in his room.
Quantities of nuts are on the table.
III. 就近一致中的易错点
1." more than one+单数名词”与“ many a+单数名词”作主语
“more than one +单数名词”与“ many a+单数名词”作主语时，在意义上都是复数。但谓语动词要用单数,这是由与其邻近的单数名词所决定的。
More than one worker has been employed.
Many a player has succeeded in the competition.
知识点一 主谓一致与定语从句结合的考查
例1. I was paid nine dollars an hour, which _______ three dollars more than the school post office paid us.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】C
【解析】 句意：我每个小时赚9美元，这比在学校邮局支付给我们的报酬多3美元。这道题考查的是钱做主语时，其谓语动词的使用形式。which引导的是一个定语从句，其先行词是nine dollars，当表示钱数名词复数形式作主语时，其谓语动词应该用单数，这是与我们日常认知所不同的。同时根据主句的时态，判断出从句的时态应与前主句一致，因此应该填写was。所以选择答案C。
变式训练 1：
Their children could become ___________ to video games during the July-August holiday.
A. addicted B. addiction C. addict D. addicting
知识点二 主谓一致与动词时态语态结合的考查
例2．The famous musician, as well as his students, ________ to perform at opening ceremony of the concert.
A. invited B. was invited C. were invited D. inviting
【答案】B
【解析】 这位著名的音乐家和他的学生被邀请在音乐会的开幕式上演奏曲目。不少学生都知道as well as是和的意思，所以拿到题目一看有和，那谓语动词一定是复数了，这种想法一定错了，它虽然翻译成和，但是这类句子中的谓语动词并不对应为复数，相反应该为单数形式。通过翻译，我们可以知道这个音乐家和他的学生被邀请，因此应该为被动形式，答案为was invited。当主语后边出现as well as、along with、with等词语时，其谓语动词应是单数形式。所以选择答案B。
变式训练 2： If people outside China learned a bit about jasmine tea culture，they would realize there ________ a lot of enjoyment in it.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
知识点三 主谓一致和倒装句结合的考查
例3．They had a very good time yesterday night. So does my sister.
【答案】does改为did
【解析】分析句子结构可知，后一句为“倒装句”结构，my sister是主语，根据前一句得时态需要用过去时态，所以把does改为did。
变式训练 3：
Between the two buildings ________(stand) a big hospital which is very useful to the the residents here.
知识点四 主谓一致和主语从句结合的考查
How close teachers and friends are to the kids________(have)a strong influence on the development of their characters.
变式训练 4：
What we need ________some land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
知识点五 主谓一致和特殊句式结合的考查
例5．—The movie starts at 8：30，and we can have a quick bite before we go.
—__________(sound) great.See you at 8：10.
【答案】Sounds
【解析】 句意：——电影在八点半开始，我们走之前可以迅速吃点东西。——听起来很棒。此处为省略句， That sounds great.为其完整形式。
变式训练 5
The more interesting the joke is，the more happier it________ (make)．
1.（2019年 哈市第九中学模拟卷 单项选择） Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _______ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards
2.（2019年 哈市第九中学模拟卷 单项选择） Between the two buildings ________ our library which is my favorite place on campus.
A. stand B. is stood C. are stood D. stands
3.（2017 江苏卷24） The publication of Great Expectations, which _______ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
4.（2019年 哈工大附中模拟卷 单项选择） The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it________．
A. is made B. are made C. makes D. make
5.（2019年 东北三省三校模拟卷 改错）Airports have doors. So do a helicopter.
高考模拟真题练
1. Tea, a popular drink in China and many other countries, (be)carefully prepared according to local customs.(2018陕西质量检测65)
2. With the freedom (come) strong privacy protection. (2018吉林实验中学第六次考试63)
3. The atmosphere there were very lively and pleasant. (2018唐山市高三检测短文改错)
4. Second,seeing a film, listening to music or hanging out with our friends are exciting. (2018湖北八校联考改错改编)
5. Now the city wants larger lorries that cause more pollution to use biofuel, which are produced from waste. (2018安徽六校高三二联改错)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入括号内单词的适当形式填空
Many people in the cities of Los Angeles, Miami, and New York (enjoy)several kinds of popular music. Many a music lover, whether young or old, (like) jazz and blues. Many Americans, as well as people from around the world , (dance) to the loud music known as salsa. The syncopated rhythms of calypso music (be) popular among people who like the steel drum. Very popular in some communities (be) Mexican folk songs called ranchers. From the recording studios (come) one new popular hit after another. Usually thousands of dollars (be) the sum needed to record a new song. In many American cities, neither the Motown tunes of the 1960s nor rock-and-roll (have) gone out of style. Ask whether your family or friends enjoy a special kind of music.
课件28张PPT。第十二讲 主谓一致考纲解读1. 对主谓一致的语言知识进行梳理，注意动词时态与语态结合的考查。
2. 注意语法一致、意义一致、就近一致等原则；在掌握主谓一致的基本原则的同时，要特别注意语义一致原则。
3. 注意分数、百分数、不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时的主谓一致和定语从句中的主谓一致情况。
4. 熟练掌握有关主谓一致的用法，列出学生出容易出现错误的问题；通过典型例句讲解和巩固训练提高学生的语言应用能力。典例精讲知识点一 主谓一致与定语从句结合的考查
典例1：I was paid nine dollars an hour, which _______ three dollars more than the school post office paid us.
A. is B. are C. was D. were 【句意】我每个小时赚9美元，这比在学校邮局支付给我们的报酬多3美元。C 根据主句的时态，判断出从句的时态应与前主句一致which引导定语从句，先行词是nine dollars，当表示钱数名词复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数变式训练 考向 系动词（become）+形容词做表语
变式训练 1. Their children could become ________ to video games during the July-August holiday.
A. addicted B. addiction C. addict D. addictin【句意】 ：他们的孩子可能会在7-8月的假期里沉迷于电子游戏。A 分析句子结构可知，become为系动词，
此处应是填形容词形式作表语addicted典例精讲知识点二 主谓一致与动词时态语态结合的考查
典例2： The famous musician, as well as his students, ________ to perform at opening ceremony of the concert.
A. invited B. was invited C. were invited D. inviting B 句意：这位著名的音乐家和他的学生被邀请在音乐会的开幕式上演奏曲目。当主语后边出现as well as、along with、with等词语时，其谓语动词应是单数形式；因为是被邀请，所以用被动形式变式训练 考向 主谓一致，时态语态语气
变式训练 2. If people outside China learned a bit about jasmine tea culture，they would realize there ________ a lot of enjoyment in it.
A. is B. are C. was D. were句意：如果国外的人们学一点关于茉莉花茶的文化，他们将会意识到它里面有许多乐趣。A 主句和从句都是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，但realize的宾语从句说的是客观事实，应用一般现在时典例精讲知识点三 主谓一致和倒装句结合的考查
典例3：They had a very good time yesterday night. So does my sister. does改为did 句意：当我和这个庞然大物似的动物互相惊吓时，我高兴地发现它们还活着。后一句为“倒装句”结构，my sister是主语，
根据前一句得知，时态需要用过去时态表示地点的介词短语位于句首时，句子使用完全倒装语序变式训练考向 主谓一致
变式训练 3． Between the two buildings ________(stand) a big hospital which is very useful to the the residents here. 句意：在这两栋建筑之间，矗立着一座大医院，这个医院对这里的居民很有益处。。stands表示地点的介词短语位于句首时，句子使用完全倒装语序。主语是a big hospital（单数）根据主谓一致的原则可知要用stands典例精讲知识点四 主谓一致和主语从句结合的考查
典例4：例4．How close teachers and friends are to the kids____(have) a strong influence on the development of their characters.has 句意：老师和朋友对孩子的亲密程度对孩子性格的形成有很强烈的影响。主语从句 How close teachers and friends are to the kids作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数 变式训练考向 主谓一致
变式训练 4. What we need ________some land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
A. is B. are C. was D. were句意：我们需要的所有是一些土地，在那上面我们可以在这一年的种植季节里种植各种果树。A 根据表语some land可知谓语用单数，
根据从句的时态可知所填词用一般现在时 典例精讲知识点五 主谓一致和特殊句式结合的考查
典例5：—The movie starts at 8：30，and we can have a quick bite before we go.
—__________(sound) great. See you at 8：10.Sounds句意：——电影在八点半开始，我们走之前可以迅速吃点东西。
——听起来很棒。此处为省略句， That sounds great.为其完整形式变式训练考向 the more, the more结构，前后时态一致
变式训练 5．The more interesting the joke is，the more happier it________ (make)．句意：这个笑话越有趣，就会让人越开心。makes “The 比较级＋主语，the 比较级＋主语”结构，
根据前半句时态可知用 makes2019年 哈市第九中学模拟卷 单项选择
1. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _______ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards?B句意：如今，骑自行车和慢跑、游泳一起被认为是最好的全能运动形式之一。挑战真题主语部分是由介词短语 along with连接的三个动名词作主语，
该谓语动词应该就前cycling一致，所以要用单数主谓一致语regard…as…；把…….看作……和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和D2019年 哈市第九中学模拟卷 单项选择）
2. Between the two buildings ________ our library which is my favorite place on campus.
A. stand B. is stood C. are stood D. stands D 句意：在这两栋建筑之间矗立着我们的图书馆，这是校园里我最喜欢的地方。挑战真题表示地点的介词短语位于句首时，句子使用完全倒装语序，再根据主谓一致的原则可知要用单数第三人称主谓一致2017 江苏卷24
3. ?The publication of Great Expectations, which _______ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist. A. is B. are C. was D. were? C 句意：《远大前程》的出版获得了广泛的认可和高度的赞扬，这坐实了狄更斯作为前沿小说家的地位。挑战真题书名，看做单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用
单数形式；根据“strengthened”可知，说的是过去先行词是Great Expectations，“Great Expectations”是书名，看做单数，所以主谓一致2019年 哈工大附中模拟卷 单项选择
4. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it________．
A. is made B. are made C. makes D. makeC 句意：这个秘密越令人难堪或羞愧，它所制造的流言蜚语就越有趣。 挑战真题该句为“The 比较级＋主语，the 比较级＋主语”结构，根据前半句时态可知用makes主谓一致2019年 东北三省三校模拟卷 改错
5. Airports have doors. So do a helicopter. do改为does句意：飞机有门，直升机也有门。挑战真题句子为“倒装句”结构，
a helicopter为主语，又根据 前句时态决定用does主谓一致1. Tea, a popular drink in China and many other countries, _______(be) carefully prepared according to local customs.句意：茶是中国和许多其他国家流行的饮料，是根据当地习俗精心准备的。。is 巩固训练tea, a popular drink in China and many other countries
为同位语，故谓语动词用单数; 陈述一般现象用一般现在时2. With the freedom _________ (come) strong privacy protection. 句意：随着自由的到来，带来了强烈的隐私保护。comes巩固训练本句是倒装句，主语是strong privacy?protection, 谓语动词用单数形式;陈述的是一般事实，所以用一般现在时3. The atmosphere there were very lively and pleasant.句意：那里的气氛非常活泼愉快。were改为was 巩固训练The atmosphere为不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数4. Second, seeing a film, listening to music or hanging out with our friends are exciting.句意：再者，看电影、听音乐或和朋友一起出去玩都很刺激。are改为is巩固训练seeing a film, listening to music or hanging out with our friends作主语，谓语动词采用就近原则，hanging out with our friends属于动名词形式做主语，故用is5. Now the city wants larger lorries that cause more pollution to use biofuel, which are produced from waste.句意：现在，该市要使能引起更多污染大卡车使用废气产生的生物燃料。are改为is 巩固训练which 为关系代词，指代前面的 biofuel（不可数名词），根据主谓一致，谓语动用单三巩固训练 Many people in the cities of Los Angeles, Miami, and New York 1___ (enjoy) several kinds of popular music. Many a music lover, whether young or old, 2____ (like) jazz and blues. Many Americans, as well as people from around the world, 3_____(dance) to the loud music known as salsa. The syncopated rhythms of calypso music 4_____(be) popular among people who like the steel drum. Very popular in some communities 5_____(be) Mexican folk songs called ranchers. From the recording studios 6_____(come) one new popular hit after another. Usually thousands of dollars 7_____(be) the sum needed to record a new song. In many American cities, neither the Motown tunes of the 1960s nor rock-and-roll 8_____(have) gone out of style. Ask whether your family or friends enjoy a special kind of music. 阅读下面材料，用括号内单词的适当形式填空巩固训练 Many people in the cities of Los Angeles, Miami, and New York 1________ (enjoy) several kinds of popular music. Many a music lover, whether young or old, 2_________ (like) jazz and blues. Many Americans, as well as people from around the world, 3__________(dance) to the loud music known as salsa. 阅读下面材料，用括号内单词的适当形式填空1. enjoy 主语为 Many people in the cities of Los Angeles, Miami,
and New York, 中心词为 Many people，客观事实用一般现在时。enjoy巩固训练 Many people in the cities of Los Angeles, Miami, and New York 1________ (enjoy) several kinds of popular music. Many a music lover, whether young or old, 2_________ (like) jazz and blues. Many Americans, as well as people from around the world, 3__________(dance) to the loud music known as salsa. 阅读下面材料，用括号内单词的适当形式填空 2. likes 主语为Many a+n，谓语动词用单数。
3. dance A as well as B作主语，谓语动词由A决定。enjoylikesdance巩固训练The syncopated rhythms of calypso music 4________(be) popular among people who like the steel drum. Very popular in some communities 5_________(be) Mexican folk songs called ranchers. From the recording studios 6__________(come) one new popular hit after another. 阅读下面材料，用括号内单词的适当形式填空 4. are 主语中心词为rhythms，谓语动词用复数
5. are 此句为倒装句，主语为Mexican folk songs。
6. comes 此句为倒装句，主语为one new popular hit after another，
谓语动词为单数。arearecomes巩固训练Usually thousands of dollars 7________(be) the sum needed to record a new song. In many American cities, neither the Motown tunes of the 1960s nor rock-and-roll 8________(have) gone out of style. Ask whether your family or friends enjoy a special kind of music. 阅读下面材料，用括号内单词的适当形式填空 7. is thousands of dollars是表示金钱的短语做主语，谓语动词用单数。
8. has neither…nor…作主语，谓语动词采用就近原则，
与rock-and-roll一致用单数。is has感谢欣赏
