2020备考高考英语语法-- 强调句
一.强调句的基本用法:
强调句的基本形式: It +is/was +被强调的部分+that/ who +原句
被强调的部分可以强调主语、宾语、时间状语、原因状语、地点状语和方式状语
It was only when the car pulled up in front of the house ____ we saw Lily in the passenger seat. (2018年天津)
I met an old friend in the street yesterday.昨天我在街上遇到了一位老朋友。
1.强调主语 It was I that/who met an old friend in the street yesterday.昨天是我在街上遇到了一位老朋友。
2.强调宾语 It was an old friend that/who/whom I met in the street yesterday.昨天我在街上遇到的是一位老朋友。
3.强调地点状语 It was in the street that I met an old friend yesterday.昨天我是在街上遇到了一位老朋友。
4.强调时间状语 It was yesterday that I met an old friend in the street.是昨天我在街上遇到了一位老朋友。
5.强调方式状语 It was just as he ordered it that I acted.It was on foot that he went back home.
6.强调原因状语 It was because he got up late that he missed the early bus.
注意:强调谓语动词的方法:
如果强调谓语动词,要“do/ does/ did+动词原形”。但谓语动词必须是实义动词,且只能是一般现在时或一般过去时,只对肯定的谓语动词进行强调,译为“的确,确实”。另外,do还可用来强调祈使句,译为“务必,一定”。 I did meet an old friend in the street yesterday.昨天我的确在街上遇到了一位老朋友。He does like singing. 他确实喜欢唱歌。Do be careful next time, please. 下次一定要小心。Do write to me when you get there.你到那儿后务必给我来信。
二.使用强调句注意的几个方面:
1.当被强调部分为表示“人”的名词时,可用that或who;其他情况下则只能用that。(注:强调句型中的引导词不可用where,when等。) It was Kate that/who told me about it. 是凯特告诉那件事的。(强调主语) It was Tom that/ who we met at the school gate.我们在门口遇到的是汤姆。 (强调宾语) It was in the park that Tom lost his watch. 是在公园里汤姆丢了他的手表。(强调地点状语)
2.强调句型的一般疑问句只需把is/ was提前,即:Is/Was it…that…?否定句在is/ was后加not,即: It is/was not…that… Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out? 第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗?It was not John that/who cleaned the room. 不是约翰打扫的房间。
3.强调句的特殊疑问句只需在一般疑问句前加上疑问词,即:特殊疑问词+is (was)it that…?(注:强调句型用于名词性从句时,要用陈述语序。) Who was it that broke the window?打破窗户的是谁? What is it that you want me to do? 你想要我干什么? I don’t know what it is that you want me to do. 我不知道你要我干什么。
4.not…until句型的强调句。其强调句式为:It is/ was not until…that…….(注:not until的强调句和倒装句的区别。) It was not until ten o’clock that he went to bed. (强调句) Not until ten o’clock did he go to bed. (倒装句)直到10点他才去睡觉。It was not until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks that I found we had a lot in common. (强调句) Not until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks did I find we had a lot in common. (倒装句)直到我们一起呆了几个星期我才发现我们有许多共同之处。
5.强调句型和定语从句、状语从句的区别:判断是否是强调句型,可把It is/ was…that去掉,把被强调的部分还原到句子中去,无论在语法上还是在意义上都仍然是完整的句子,就是强调句型,否则不是。 比较: It is in the factory that he worked for twenty years. 是在这个工厂里他工作了20年。(强调句) It is the factory where he worked for twenty years.这就是他工作了20年的那个工厂。(定语从句)It was at ten o’clock that he came back.是在十点钟他回来了。(强调句)It was ten o’clock when he came back.他回来时,时间是十点钟。(时间状语从句)It was two years ago that I began to learn English. 是两年前我开始学英语的。(强调句) It is two years since I began to learn English. 我学英语已两年了。(时间状语从句)
6. 强调句型中的主谓一致:被强调的是原句的主语时,要注意that/who后的谓语动词与原句主语保持一致。 It is I that am in trouble. 是我陷入了困境。 It is you that are wrong. 是你错了。
三.强调句的难点
1.强调句与since、before 和when引导句型的区别
1).It was/is+ (时刻,或时间点)+ when …..当某事发生时,是几点钟或哪一年
如:
It was 1997 when Hongkong returned to China.
It was five o'clock when we arrived at the small mountain village.
It was midnight when he got home.
对比:It was at five o'clock ______ we arrived at the small mountain village.( that)
2).It+ is/ was+…+that…多用于强调
3).It was+一段时间+ before sb did sth. 过了一段时间之后,才….
It will be +一段时间 before sb do sth. 要过一段时间之后,才…..
It won’t be long before sb do sth .不久之后就...
It wasn’t long before sb did sth. 不久之后就…
如:
It was two years before Macao returned to China.
It won’t be long before you see him again. 没过多久你就会再见到他。
It was long before they escaped from the prison. 过了很久他们才从监狱逃出来。
4). It is (=has been)+一段时间since sb did sth. 自某事发生以来,(时间)已经过去….了。
如:It is 11 years since Hongkong returned to China. 香港回归已经有11年了。
若从句中的动词是终止性动词,意为:“从开始……多久了”
例如:
It has been five years since she left home.(她离家已经十五年了)
It was four years since he had died.(到当时为止,他已死去四年了)
若从句中的动词是延续性动词,意为:“不做某事已有多久了”
例如:
It is two days since she was ill.(她病好了两天)
It is two years since he studied English.(他已有两年没学英语了)
请用before,since,that,when填空
1.It was last Sunday _____ I came across Mr. Brown.
2.It was midnight _____ the young couple came back from the ball.
3.It won’t be a minute _____the lunch is ready.
4.It is two weeks _____the Smiths lived in our village.
5.It was not until 1920 _____ regular radio broadcasts began.
6.Was it during the Second World War _____ he died?
7.It has been one year _____ I got the job.
8.It wasn’t long _____ they drove the enemy off their country.
9.It will be two years _____ we meet again.
10.It is years _____ I enjoyed myself so much.
11.It was two years_______ he realized the truth.
12.It will be two years ______ the economic improves.
13. It was two years later _____ he realized the truth.
14. It is/has been two years_____ he lived here.
15.It was noon _____ he arrived home.
比较:It was the park_____ he first met his wife.
It was in this park_____ he first met his wife.
参考答案:1.that 2. when 3. before 4. since 5. that 6. that 7. Since
8. before 9. before 10.since 11.before 12.before 13. that 14. since
15. when ; where ; that
改错:
1.It is 5 years before we met last time.
2.It has been about one year after we saw each other last time.
3.It was about noon that we arrived at the foot of the mountain.
4.It was about noon his life returned to normal.
5.It won’t be a week when he returns.
6. It was nearly two years when he could well understand the people around.
7. It wasn’t too long when he regretted what he had done.
参考答案:1. before-since 2. after-since 3. that--when 4. noon 后面加when
5. when-before 6. when-before 7. when-before
2.强调句型与主语从句的区别:
It was in the lab that was taken charge by Professor Harris that they did the experiment.
It is certain that he is honest and modest.
It is known to all that paper was made first in China.
3.定语从句与强调句结合
It was on October 1st, 1949 when the People’s Republic of China was founded that he joined the Party.
4. It is not…. but…. that matters/ counts/ makes a difference.不是…而是…. 很重要
It is …. rather than….. that……
It is not what you say but what you do that matters/ counts/makes a difference.
It is you rather than he that will come here.
5. 强调句的省略
为了语言交流的简洁,尤其在答语中,如果有上文做铺垫,可以省略that和它后面的成分。
----- I can’t find Mr.Smith. Where did you last see him this morning?
-----. It was in the hotel where he stayed(that I last saw him in this morning).
6.有情态动词的强调句
It must/may/might be….. that…..
It must/may/might have been …. that….
It might be in this room that he met her.
It must have been he that bought me a present yesterday.
7.强调句要注意的问题
1). 句首词用“It”,不能用“This”,“That”等。
2). be动词的形式是is或was,不能用复数形式are或were。
若原句的谓语动词用了现在时或将来时,则用is;若原句的谓语动词用了过去时或过去完
成时,则用was.
Eg:(1). It________ the Chinese women that play a great role in the socialist construction.
(2). It________ all these exercises that all of us could do yesterday.
参考答案:(1). is (2). was
3). 被强调的部分如果是代词,强调主语用主格,强调宾语用宾格。如:
(1)It is him that/who I met in the street yesterday.
(2)It is I who/that am wrong.
4). 连接词一般用that,当强调部分是人时,既可用that也可用who.特别注意当强调部分是时间状语或地点状语时,不能用when或where。
Eg: It was on Oct 1st, 1949 that People’s Republic of China was founded.
It was at the gate that he told me the news.
5). 主谓一致问题
被强调的主语要和 that后面的谓语动词在数上保持一致。
(1).It is Mary who often_____( help) me with my English.
(2).It is I that ____(be)against you.
(3).It is the boy students of Class Two who ___(be)playing football on the playground.
(4).It is Mr Green ,together with his wife and children ,that ____in China now.
(5). It was neither you nor he that ___ to blame for the mistake.
参考答案:(1). helps (2). am (3). are (4). is (5). is
巩固练习
语法填空 (高考真题) 并分析一下强调的什么成分 考的哪个强调句型
1.It was when I got back to my apartment ______I first came across my new neighbors.(2017·天津)
2.But?like?so?many?other?things,?it?is?only?too?much?stress______?does?you?harm.(2016上海)
3.You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel____ the coach picks up tourists.(2016·天津)
3. It was when we were returning home _______I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble. (2015 湖南)
4.Bach?died?in?1750,?but?it?was?not?until?the?early?19th?century____?his?musical?gift?was?fully recognized. (2015 重庆)
5.?It?was?the?culture,?rather?than?the?language,?______made?it?hard?for?him?to?adapt?to?the?
new?environment?abroad (2014福建)
6. It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do ______makes life happy. (2014湖南)
7. Was it because Jack came late for school ______ Mr. Smith got angry? (2014四川)
8. It was only after he had read the papers ______Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete. (2013全国)
9. It was not until near the end of the letter ______she mentioned her own plan. (2013天
10. It was with the help of the local guide ______the mountain climber was rescued.(2013重庆)
11. It was not until I came here ______ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. (2012湖南)
12. It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic ______ Zheng sailed to
East Africa. (2012重庆)
13.It?was?not?until?I?came?here?_____I?realized?this?place?was?famous?for?not?only?its
?beauty but?also?its?weather. (2012 湖南)
14.(2011四川)Was it on a lonely island ______ he was saved one month after the boat went down?
15.(2011陕西)It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do _____benefits our work most.
16.(2011重庆)—Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?
— Of course, I have. It was in our village _______ it was made.
17.(2011湖南) It’s not what we do once in a while ______ shapes our lives, but what we do consistently
18. (10湖南) John’s success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work _____ has made what he is today.
19. (10安徽) It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.
20. (09浙江) —I’ve read another book this week.
—Well, maybe _______ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.
21.(09江西)It was not until he came back from Africa that year _______ he met the girl he would like to marry.
22.(08重庆) It was not until midnight they reached the camp site.
23.(08全国Ⅱ)It was in New Zealand Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith.
24.(08天津)It was along the Mississippi River _______ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.
25.(07浙江)It wasn’t until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks I found we had a lot in common.
26.(07重庆) It is not who is right but what is right is of importance.
27.It is what you do rather than what you say ________matters.
28. —_______ was it that he managed to get the information?
—Oh, a friend of his helped him.
29.David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature ________he chose the course.
30.It might have been John ______ bought a present for Mary yesterday.
31.----- Have you seen the film War Horse?
----- Of course, I have. It was in my hometown________ it was made.
32.It was on August 12,2015_________ a big explosion happened in Tianjin, _______ was a great
shock to lots of people.
33.It was not until midnight____ we got home because of traffic jams.
34.-----______ is it that you write so well?
----- By reading and keeping diaries every day.
答案: 1.that 强调的时间状语 2. that 强调的主语 3. that 强调的地点状语 4. that 强调句型It is not until….. that 5.that 强调句型 It is….rather than…. that … 6. that ,强调句型 It is not…but…. that…. 7. that 强调的原因状语 8. that 强调的only after 引导的时间状语
9. that 强调句型 It is not until…. that 10. that 强调的方式状语 11.that 强调句型 It is not until…. that 12.that强调的时间状语 13. that 强调句型 It is not until…. that 14. that 强调的地点状语15. that ,强调句型 It is not…but…. that…. 16. that 强调的地点状语 17. that ,强调句型 It is not…. that… 18. that 强调的主语 19. that 强调 from only supplies 后面跟着一个定语从句 20. It 考察了It is not…but…. that counts 21. that 强调句型 It is not until…. that
22.that 强调句型 It is not until…. that 23. that 强调的地点状语 24. that 强调的地点状语
25 .that 强调句型 It is not until…. that 26. that ,强调句型 It is not…but…. that…. 27.that It is….rather than…. that …28. How 特殊疑问句的强调句 29. that 强调原因状语 30. that有情态动词的强调句 31. that强调的地点状语32. that强调的时间状语; which引导的非限制性定语从句 33. that强调句型 It is not until…. that 34.How特殊疑问句的强调句
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